Geography - Glenalmond College

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Department of Geography
Common Entrance 13+ Scholarship Examination 2015
Figures Insert
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Figure 1
Map extract of Whitby coastline
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Figure 2
Map extract showing coastline near Blakeney, Norfolk
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Figure 3
Photograph of Durdle Door on the Dorset coastline
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Figure 4
World tectonic map showing recent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
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Figure 5
Climate graphs for Singapore and London
Climate graph for London
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Figure 6
World map showing the locations of Singapore and London
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Figure 7
Piecharts showing percentage of people working in primary, secondary and tertiary industries
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Figure 8
Article from ‘The Day’ online newspaper
November 2014
Conservationists warn that the country's animals will ‘disappear like dinosaurs’ as roads and railways spring up and companies hunt for oil. Is conservation more
important than development?
Nairobi National Park: A world-famous wilderness where buffalo, rhinos, giraffes, zebras and lions roam freely. But it has one other unusual feature. The park is just seven
kilometres from one of the continent’s fastest growing cities, Kenya’s capital, Nairobi.
The park and its wildlife are a major tourist attraction, as the millions of postcards of giraffes grazing in front of towering skyscrapers can attest. But now conservationists are
warning that east Africa’s oldest national park is under threat. Some fear it could disappear within 20 years, and one Kenyan MP has warned that elephants and lions will
‘disappear like dinosaurs’.
Pressure comes in the form of roads, railways, factories and houses that are cropping up as more people flock to the city and add to its population. Crippling traffic jams often
bring Nairobi to a standstill as vehicles from the port of Mombasa pour through it and out to the rest of Kenya as well as to neighbouring landlocked countries. Officials are
planning major infrastructure projects to address the congestion, such as a new road bypass and an expanded railway line which could cut right through the park.
This would have a devastating impact. Roads, homes and fences that block the park's boundaries would disrupt the ancient migration patterns of animals and turn the park
into a closed-off zoo. Kenya’s wildlife is already threatened by intensive poaching, which has risen to alarming levels in recent years.
There are other dangers. Last week, an American oil and gas company was planning to lay hundreds of explosive charges through Kenya’s Arabuko Sokoke forest in the search
for oil. Some feared this would have spelt the end of the reserve’s forest elephants.
The company later decided to cancel the operation, yet the tension between those in favour of development and conservationists is clear. After finding oil, one former
conservationist admitted, ‘We need this treasure for our nation to survive.’
Conservation conversations
Why shouldn’t Nairobi improve its business and trade by upgrading its infrastructure, some argue. The city prides itself on hosting the regional headquarters of multinational
companies and on being the powerhouse driving east Africa's economy. It is hypocritical to condemn a city for trying to improve its residents’ quality of life.
But locals are also aware of the park’s benefits, such as the fresh air it brings to the cramped city, and the tourists it attracts. Many conservationists also feel an intense bond
with the animals on their doorstep. To allow infrastructure projects to go ahead would set a dangerous precedent. Development should not come at the expense of Kenya’s
great biodiversity.
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