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smoke-free environments - Campaign for Tobacco
FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ALLIANCE BUILDING SUPPORT FOR TOBACCO CONTROL Smoke-free Environments International Status Report As of December 31, 2008 Smoke-free environments are a vital part of combating the global tobacco epidemic. Article 8 of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) requires Parties to protect their citizens from exposure to tobacco smoke. As part of its ongoing efforts to highlight the critical importance of smokefree legislation that is compliant with the FCTC, the Framework Convention Alliance (FCA) has produced this report detailing country level status on smoke-free legislation. Data contained in this report comes from the WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2009. In this second assessment of the global tobacco epidemic, WHO collected country level data on the implementation of the 6 key measures contained in the WHO MPOWER package – monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies, protecting from tobacco smoke, offering help to quit tobacco use, warning about the dangers of tobacco, enforcing bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship, and raising taxes on tobacco. Smoke-free environments Comprehensive, well-enforced smoke-free laws effectively protect people from the harms of secondhand smoke and help smokers to reduce smoking or quit. In 2008, 7 countries passed comprehensive smoke-free laws bringing the total number of countries with comprehensive smoke-free laws to 17. However, almost 95% of the world’s population is left unprotected from the harms of secondhand smoke. Sixtyfive countries have no national smoke-free policies and almost 50 countries have policies that cover only a limited number of public places. Scientific evidence has unequivocally established that exposure to tobacco smoke causes death, disease and disability. Globally, an estimated one-third of adults are regularly exposed to secondhand smoke. Secondhand smoke alone causes approximately 600,000 premature deaths per year worldwide. Of all deaths attributable to secondhand smoke, 31% occur among children and 64% occur among women. Article 8 of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) requires Parties to protect their citizens from exposure to tobacco smoke. As of November 30, 2009, 168 countries have ratified the FCTC, and the majority of these countries continue to fail to provide adequate protection from the harms of secondhand smoke. STATUS OF SMOKE-FREE LEGISLATION COVERING VARIOUS TYPES OF PUBLIC PLACES NUMBER OF COUNTRIES 100 80 60 99 Complete smoke-free legislation covering only certain public spaces 95 65 40 60 58 43 20 25 0 S L E IE AR S NA S SIT IO ITIE HC ITIE T R T A IL E AL CIL IV UC AC HE FA UN ED F IC NT S BL RT MEITIE N PUSPO R L VE ACI AN GO F TR OR S DO CE IN FFI O 20 TS ND S S ABAR B U AN RE R AU ST P Note: All countries that responded “Yes” to having a complete ban were counted separately for each category. 1 SMOKE-FREE ENVIRONMENTS The 2009 World Health Organization Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic assessed smoke-free policies for 8 public places across the world: healthcare facilities, educational facilities (except universities), universities, government facilities, indoor offices, restaurants, pubs and bars, and public transport. Countries with Comprehensive Smoke-free Laws Comprehensive smoke-free laws are defined as complete smoking bans in all 8 public places assessed with no exceptions for designated smoking rooms. In addition, countries where at least 90% of the population are covered by complete sub-national smoke-free legislation are considered as having comprehensive smoke-free laws. As of December 31, 2008, seventeen countries had comprehensive smoke-free laws covering all 8 public places assessed. ■■ Australia† ■■ Bhutan ■■ Canada† ■■ Colombia* ■■ Djibouti* ■■ Guatemala* ■■ Guinea ■■ Iran ■■ Ireland ■■ Marshall Islands ■■ Mauritius* ■■ New Zealand ■■ Panama* ■■ Turkey* ■■ United Kingdom ■■ Uruguay ■■ Zambia* * Passed or implemented in 2008 † Complete sub-national legislation covers at least 90% of the population Countries with No National Complete Smoking Ban in any Public Place As of December 31, 2008, 65 countries reported having no national smoke-free policy in any of the 8 public places assessed. Countries that allow for designated smoking rooms were not considered to have a complete ban. ■■ Albania ■■ Ethiopia ■■ Mali ■■ Sierra Leone ■■ Antigua and Barbuda ■■ Gabon ■■ Micronesia (Fed. States of) ■■ Solomon Islands ■■ Argentina ■■ Gambia ■■ Mongolia ■■ Suriname ■■ Bahamas ■■ Georgia ■■ Mozambique ■■ Swaziland ■■ Barbados ■■ Ghana ■■ Nauru ■■ Switzerland ■■ Belize ■■ Grenada ■■ Nepal ■■ Syrian Arab Republic ■■ Bosnia and Herzegovina ■■ Guinea-Bissau ■■ Niue ■■ Botswana ■■ Haiti ■■ Papua New Guinea ■■ The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia ■■ Burundi ■■ Hungary ■■ Poland ■■ Timor-Leste ■■ Cambodia ■■ Italy** ■■ Russian Federation ■■ Togo ■■ Central African Republic ■■ Jamaica ■■ Rwanda ■■ Tunisia ■■ China ■■ Japan ■■ Saint Kitts and Nevis ■■ Ukraine ■■ Congo ■■ Kenya ■■ Saint Lucia ■■ Dem. People’s Rep. of Korea ■■ Kiribati ■■ United Republic of Tanzania ■■ Dominica ■■ Kuwait ■■ Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ■■ Dominican Republic ■■ Liberia ■■ Samoa ■■ Uzbekistan ■■ Eritrea ■■ Malawi ■■ São Tomé and Príncipe ■■ Vanuatu ** Italy’s national smoke-free law allows for designated smoking rooms in all 8 public places assessed. 2 SMOKE-FREE ENVIRONMENTS ■■ United States of America Population Impact Currently, only 5.4% of the world’s population is covered by comprehensive smoke-free laws. Out of the top 20 most populated countries in the world, only Turkey and Iran have passed comprehensive smoke-free laws covering all 8 of the public places assessed (shown in blue below). CountryTotalNational # of placesbans with COUNTRY smoke-free ban population* China 1,339 million India 1,166 million United States 308 million Indonesia 240 million Brazil 199 million Pakistan 176 million Bangladesh 156 million Nigeria 149 million Russia 140 million Japan 127 million 0 5 0 3 1 4 2 5 0 0 CountryTotalNational # of placesbans with COUNTRY smoke-freeplaces ban population* smoke-free Mexico Philippines Viet nam Ethiopia Egypt Germany Turkey Congo (DR) Iran Thailand 111 98 87 85 83 82 77 69 66 66 million million million million million million million million million million 2 3 6 0 6 3 8 4 8 2 *Population source: CIA Factbook Regional Leaders A number of countries emerged as smoke-free regional leaders. Countries that have banned smoking in at least 6 of the 8 public places assessed are listed. AMERICAS 8 public spaces ■■Canada ■■Colombia ■■Guatemala ■■Panama ■■Uruguay 7 public spaces ■■Bolivia AFRICA 8 public spaces ■■Guinea ■■Mauritius ■■Zambia 7 public spaces ■■Chad Eastern Mediterranean 8 public spaces ■■DjiboutI ■■Iran (Islamic Rep. of) 7 public spaces ■■West Bank and Gaza Strip ■■Bahrain ■■Egypt ■■Jordan ■■Libyan Arab Jamahiriya South-East Asia ■■Ireland ■■Turkey ■■United Kingdom 6 public spaces ■■Sri Lanka Western Pacific 8 public spaces ■■Australia ■■Marshall Islands ■■New Zealand 6 public spaces ■■Belgium ■■Finland ■■Tajikistan 3 100% ■■Bhutan EUROPE 8 public spaces Smoke-free status by region 8 public spaces 6 public spaces SMOKE-FREE ENVIRONMENTS ■■Brunei Darussalam ■■Viet Nam PROPORTION OF COUNTRIES 6 public spaces 2 2 3 11 80% 21 15 3 5 17 60% 65 12 2 50 40% 12 20% 9 8 6 4 6 0% 7 1 3 1 5 17 4 47 5 2 3 3 1 2 1 3 13 17 S E CA A RN AN P SIA IC RLD RI IC TE E RO A CIF AF MER EAS RAN EU AST PA WO E N R A H- ER TE DI UT EST ME SO W No data Zero pub. spaces completely smoke-free 1–2 public spaces completely smoke-free 3–5 public spaces completely smoke-free 6–7 public spaces completely smoke-free All 8 public spaces completely smoke-free NATIONAL SMOKING BAN ON HEALTHCARE FACILITIES Healthcare facilities are all publicly and privately managed places where health care is provided in a public setting (i.e. not in the home). Laws that prohibit smoking only in hospitals are not complete bans for health care facilities. As of December 31, 2008, 99 countries completely banned smoking in healthcare facilities. ■■ Afghanistan ■■ Croatia ■■ Jordan ■■ Panama ■■ Seychelles ■■ Algeria ■■ Cuba ■■ Kazakhstan ■■ Paraguay ■■ Singapore ■■ United Arab Emirates ■■ United Kingdom ■■ Andorra ■■ Czech Republic ■■ Kyrgyzstan ■■ Peru ■■ Slovakia ■■ Angola ■■ Congo (DR) ■■ Lao People’s Dem. Rep. ■■ Philippines ■■ Slovenia ■■ Armenia ■■ Denmark ■■ Lebanon ■■ Portugal ■■ South Africa ■■ Australia ■■ Djibouti ■■ Lesotho ■■ Rep. of Korea ■■ Spain ■■ Azerbaijan ■■ Ecuador ■■ Rep. of Moldova ■■ Sri Lanka ■■ Bahrain ■■ Egypt ■■ Libyan Arab Jamahiriya ■■ Romania ■■ Sweden ■■ West Bank and Gaza Strip ■■ Bangladesh ■■ El Salvador ■■ Saudi Arabia ■■ Tajikistan ■■ Yemen ■■ Belarus ■■ Equatorial Guinea ■■ Senegal ■■ Turkey ■■ Zambia ■■ Belgium ■■ Fiji ■■ Serbia ■■ Uganda ■■ Benin ■■ Finland ■■ Bhutan ■■ France ■■ Bolivia (Plurinational State of) ■■ Guatemala ■■ Côte d’Ivoire ■■ Israel ■■ Nigeria ■■ Oman ■■ Pakistan 21 4 17 92 16 29 7 10 99 No data/not categorized No ban Complete ban LD ■■ Nicaragua 21 16 S ■■ New Zealand 3 3 WO R ■■ Ireland ■■ Netherlands 25 19 6 ER EAST RA ER NE N AN EU RO SO PE UT HEA ST A SIA WE ST ER N PA CIF IC ■■ Comoros ■■ Iraq ■■ Myanmar 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% proportion of countries (number of countries in bars) DIT ■■ Colombia ■■ Indonesia ■■ Iran (Islamic Rep. of) ■■ Morocco ■■ Viet Nam STATUS OF SMOKE-FREE HEALTHCARE FACILITIES BY REGION ■■ Mauritius ■■ Montenegro ■■ Venezuela (Bolivarian Rep. of) ME ■■ Chile ■■ India ■■ Mauritania A ■■ Chad ■■ Marshall Islands ICA ■■ Canada† ■■ Honduras ■■ Malta RIC ■■ Cameroon ■■ Guyana ■■ Maldives ER ■■ Burkina Faso ■■ Guinea ■■ Madagascar AF ■■ Brunei Darussalam ■■ Luxembourg AM † ■■ Uruguay NATIONAL SMOKING BAN ON EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES Educational facilities (except universities) include all primary and secondary schools both private and public. This also includes the schools facilities, meaning any building used as a part of the student’s educational program. As of December 31, 2008, 95 countries completely banned smoking in educational facilities (except universities). ■■ Afghanistan ■■ Croatia ■■ Kyrgyzstan ■■ Portugal ■■ South Africa ■■ United Arab Emirates ■■ Algeria ■■ Cuba ■■ Rep. of Korea ■■ Spain ■■ United Kingdom ■■ Andorra ■■ Czech Republic ■■ Lao People’s Dem. Republic ■■ Rep. of Moldova ■■ Sri Lanka ■■ Uruguay ■■ Armenia ■■ Congo (DR) ■■ Saudi Arabia ■■ Sudan ■■ Australia† ■■ Djibouti ■■ Serbia ■■ Tajikistan ■■ Venezuela (Bolivarian Rep. of) ■■ Azerbaijan ■■ Ecuador ■■ Seychelles ■■ Thailand ■■ Bahrain ■■ Egypt ■■ Singapore ■■ Turkey ■■ Bangladesh ■■ Equatorial Guinea ■■ Slovakia ■■ Turkmenistan ■■ Belgium ■■ Estonia ■■ Slovenia ■■ Uganda ■■ Benin ■■ Finland ■■ Bhutan ■■ France ■■ Bolivia (Plurinational State of) ■■ Guatemala ■■ Iraq ■■ Ireland ■■ Costa Rica ■■ Jordan ■■ Côte d’Ivoire ■■ Kazakhstan SMOKE-FREE ENVIRONMENTS ■■ Zambia ■■ Montenegro ■■ Myanmar ■■ Netherlands ■■ New Zealand ■■ Niger ■■ Nigeria ■■ Pakistan ■■ Panama ■■ Paraguay ■■ Peru ■■ Philippines STATUS OF SMOKE-FREE EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES BY REGION proportion of countries (number of countries in bars) 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 28 19 18 16 7 3 21 15 29 3 8 3 18 96 9 95 D ■■ Mexico † Complete sub-national legislation covers at least 90% of the population. 4 ■■ Yemen WO RL ■■ Colombia ■■ Comoros ■■ West Bank and Gaza Strip S ER EAST RA ER NE N AN EU RO SO PE UT HEA ST AS WE IA ST ER N PA CIF IC ■■ Iran (Islamic Republic of) ■■ Mauritius DIT ■■ Chile ■■ Marshall Islands ME ■■ Indonesia ■■ Viet Nam ■■ Malta ICA ■■ Chad ■■ India ■■ Maldives ER ■■ Canada† ■■ Iceland ■■ Madagascar A ■■ Cameroon ■■ Honduras ■■ Luxembourg RIC ■■ Burkina Faso ■■ Guyana ■■ Libyan Arab Jamahiriya AF ■■ Bulgaria ■■ Lebanon AM ■■ Brunei Darussalam ■■ Guinea ■■ Latvia No data/not categorized No ban Complete ban NATIONAL SMOKING BAN IN UNIVERSITIES Universities includes all public and private post-secondary educational institutions, usually intended for adults. As of December 31, 2008, 65 countries completely banned smoking in universities. ■■ Afghanistan ■■ India ■■ Saudi Arabia ■■ Turkmenistan ■■ Armenia ■■ Indonesia ■■ Serbia ■■ Uganda ■■ Australia† ■■ Iran (Islamic Republic of) ■■ Slovakia ■■ United Arab Emirates ■■ Austria ■■ Ireland ■■ Slovenia ■■ United Kingdom ■■ Bahrain ■■ Jordan ■■ South Africa ■■ Uruguay ■■ Belgium ■■ Kazakhstan ■■ Spain ■■ Viet Nam ■■ Bhutan ■■ Kyrgyzstan ■■ Sri Lanka ■■ West Bank and Gaza Strip ■■ Bolivia (Plurinational State of) ■■ Lao People’s Dem. Republic ■■ Tajikistan ■■ Yemen ■■ Lebanon ■■ Turkey ■■ Zambia ■■ Guatemala ■■ Guinea ■■ Honduras ■■ Iceland ■■ New Zealand ■■ Niger ■■ Pakistan 13 9 10 27 20 8 5 6 20 ■■ Panama 121 7 65 No data/not categorized No ban Complete ban LD ■■ Finland 20% 0% ■■ Netherlands 8 35 26 6 WO R ■■ Equatorial Guinea ■■ Myanmar 1 S ER EAST RA ER NE N AN EU RO SO PE UT HEA ST A SIA WE ST ER N PA CIF IC ■■ Egypt ■■ Montenegro 1 DIT ■■ Djibouti ■■ Mauritius proportion 100% of countries 80% (number of 60% countries in 40% bars) ■■ Peru ME ■■ Congo (DR) ■■ Marshall Islands A ■■ Cuba STATUS OF SMOKE-FREE UNIVERSITIES BY REGION ■■ Maldives ICA ■■ Colombia ■■ Madagascar ER ■■ Chad ■■ Lithuania RIC ■■ Canada† AF ■■ Bulgaria ■■ Libyan Arab Jamahiriya AM ■■ Brunei Darussalam ■■ Philippines NATIONAL SMOKING BAN IN GOVERNMENT FACILITIES Government facilities includes all buildings used in carrying out government business, not limited to office buildings. As of December 31, 2008, 58 countries completely banned smoking in government facilities. ■■ Andorra ■■ Iran (Islamic Republic of) ■■ Tonga ■■ United Kingdom ■■ Armenia ■■ Iraq ■■ Trinidad and Tobago ■■ Uruguay ■■ Australia† ■■ Ireland ■■ Turkey ■■ Viet Nam ■■ Bahrain ■■ Jordan ■■ Turkmenistan ■■ West Bank and Gaza Strip ■■ Belgium ■■ Kazakhstan ■■ Uganda ■■ Yemen ■■ Benin ■■ Libyan Arab Jamahiriya ■■ United Arab Emirates ■■ Zambia ■■ Bhutan ■■ Maldives ■■ Bolivia (PlurinationaL State of) ■■ Marshall Islands ■■ Burkina Faso ■■ Mauritius ■■ Canada† ■■ Montenegro ■■ Chad ■■ Namibia ■■ Colombia ■■ New Zealand ■■ Germany ■■ Saudi Arabia ■■ Guatemala ■■ Somalia ■■ Guinea ■■ Spain ■■ Honduras ■■ Sri Lanka ■■ India ■■ Tajikistan † Complete sub-national legislation covers at least 90% of the population. 5 SMOKE-FREE ENVIRONMENTS 21 4 6 58 131 LD ■■ Portugal 7 WO R ■■ Peru ■■ Finland 5 IC A S ER EAST RA ER NE N AN EU RO SO PE UT HEA ST AS WE IA ST ER N PA CIF IC ■■ El Salvador DIT ■■ Panama ME ■■ Palau ■■ Egypt 5 100% 80% 9 33 60% 37 24 40% 13 20% 15 11 0% 9 AM ER ■■ Ecuador proportion of countries (number of countries in bars) A ■■ Oman RIC ■■ Nigeria AF ■■ Czech Republic ■■ Djibouti STATUS OF SMOKE-FREE GOVERNMENT FACILITIES BY REGION No data/not categorized No ban Complete ban NATIONAL SMOKING BAN IN INDOOR OFFICES Indoor offices include all private sector offices. As of December 31, 2008, 43 countries completely banned smoking in indoor offices. ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ United Kingdom Uruguay Viet Nam West Bank and Gaza Strip Zambia STATUS OF INDOOR OFFICES BY REGION 6 8 21 145 3 6 No data/not categorized No ban Complete ban LD 43 ME DIT WO R S ER EAST RA ER NE N AN EU RO SO PE UT HEA ST WE AS IA ST ER N PA CIF IC A 5 1 100% 80% 60% 38 28 13 37 40% 20% 9 11 0% 8 6 ICA proportion of countries (number of countries in bars) RIC Ireland Jordan Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Lithuania Marshall Islands Mauritius New Zealand Nigeria Panama Portugal Somalia Spain Sri Lanka Tajikistan Tonga Turkey Turkmenistan Uganda United Arab Emirates ER ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ AF Australia† Bahrain Belgium Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Brunei Darussalam Burkina Faso Canada† Chad Colombia Djibouti Egypt Finland Germany Guatemala Guinea India Iran (Islamic Republic of) AM ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ NATIONAL SMOKING BAN IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT Transport includes buses, taxies, trains, domestic air transport, international air transport, domestic water transport and international water transport. As of December 31, 2008, 60 countries completely banned smoking on public transport. † Complete sub-national legislation covers at least 90% of the population 6 SMOKE-FREE ENVIRONMENTS ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ Singapore Slovakia Sri Lanka Tajikistan Thailand Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu United Kingdom Uruguay Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam West Bank and Gaza Strip Zambia Zimbabwe STATUS OF SMOKE-FREE PUBLIC TRANSPORT BY REGION 8 18 125 3 9 DIT ME LD 60 WO R S ICA 9 ER EAST RA ER NE N AN EU RO SO PE UT HEA ST AS WE IA ST ER N PA CIF IC 1 7 100% 1 80% 60% 37 22 29 11 40% 20% 13 10 17 0% 8 A proportion of countries (number of countries in bars) RIC Guatemala Guinea Honduras Iceland Iran (Islamic Republic of) Ireland Jordan Lebanon Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Malaysia Malta Marshall Islands Mauritius Mexico New Zealand Niger Nigeria Pakistan Panama Peru Portugal Qatar Romania ER ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ AF Armenia Australia† Bahrain Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Canada† Cape Verde Colombia Cook Islands Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Congo (DR) Djibouti Egypt El Salvador Finland Germany Greece AM ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ No data/not categorized No ban Complete ban NATIONAL SMOKING BAN IN RESTAURANTS, PUBS AND BARS Restaurants primarily serve food that is made and consumed on the premises, though it may be taken-away. Restaurants may also serve alcoholic beverages, but the substantial portion of profit should come from the sale of food. Pubs and bars make a substantial portion of their profits from the sale of beverages, whether alcoholic or not. They may also sell food or other items. As of December 31, 2008, 25 countries completely banned smoking in restaurants, and 20 countries completely banned smoking in all restaurants, pubs and bars. ■■ Guatemala ■■ Guinea ■■ Iran (Islamic Republic of) 9 22 162 1 4 12 No data/not categorized No ban Complete ban LD 20 WO R ■■ Djibouti 1 ICA S ER EAST RA ER NE N AN EU RO SO PE UT HEA ST A SIA WE ST ER N PA CIF IC ■■ Colombia 1 DIT ■■ Chad 3 6 100% 1 80% 60% 41 30 17 43 40% 20% 0% 4 5 2 4 ME ■■ Canada† proportion of countries (number of countries in bars) A ■■ Brunei Darussalam** STATUS OF SMOKE-FREE RESTAURANTS, PUBS AND BARS BY REGION ER ■■ Bolivia (Plurinational State of)* Ireland Marshall Islands Mauritius New Zealand Norway Panama Singapore* Turkey Tuvalu United Kingdom Uruguay West Bank and Gaza Strip* Zambia RIC ■■ Bhutan ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ AM ■■ Belgium* AF ■■ Australia† * Restaurants only. Complete ban does not include pubs and bars. **Pubs and Bars data not required/not applicable. † Complete sub-national legislation covers at least 90% of the population. Conclusion Governments around the world recognized that exposure to tobacco smoke is a major cause of mortality and morbidity when they unanimously adopted the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control (FCTC). To protect their citizens from the harms of secondhand smoke, Parties to the FCTC developed and adopted strong, evidence based guidelines for implementation of Article 8 of the FCTC. By becoming Parties to the FCTC, governments are legally bound to implement comprehensive smoke-free policies in all public places assessed in the 2009 WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic. As of November 30, 2009, 168 countries have ratified the FCTC. However, this report shows that the majority of these countries continue to fail to provide adequate protection to their citizens from the harms of secondhand smoke. According to the 2009 WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, only 17 countries are implementing policies that adequately protect their citizens from the deadly harms of secondhand smoke and comply with the legal requirements of the FCTC. The Framework Convention Alliance calls upon all countries ratifying the FCTC to meet their treaty obligations and fully protect their citizens from the harms of secondhand smoke. 7 SMOKE-FREE ENVIRONMENTS Data notes Unless otherwise noted, the data in this report is from the 2009 WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic. The 2009 report is an update to the 2008 MPOWER package that detailed six policies to reduce tobacco’s deadly toll. The MPOWER package of measures include monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies, protecting from tobacco smoke, offering help to quit tobacco use, warning about the dangers of tobacco, enforcing bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship and raising taxes on tobacco. Countries were asked to report on the national status of the MPOWER measure as of December 31, 2008.
