brochure LIFE2012 engles.indd

Transcription

LIFE 06 NAT/NL/000074
CHALLENGES
And Innovation in Succession Management
Weerribben-Wieden National Park
A new life for the marshes
www.wetlandchallenges.com
CREDITS
This is a publication of Natuurmonumenten and
Staatsbosbeheer.
Information from this publication may be used
provided the source is acknowledged. Pictures
may only be used with the permission of the
photographer.
This report has been compiled with the utmost care.
Natuurmonumenten and Staatsbosbeheer are not
liable however for any direct or indirect damage as
a result of any information in this publication.
This Layman’s report is an initiative of Natuurmonumenten and Staatsbosbeheer and was
completed as part of the European LIFE Project
New Life for the Marshes ‘Wetlands: challenges
and innovation in succession management’ the
Weerribben-Wieden National Park (LIFE 06 NAT/
NL/000074).
2
Editing: Willem Miedema, Andries Stoker, Rosalie Martens,
Lammert Kragt, Frankwin Scheve, Egbert Beens, Jeroen
Bredenbeek, Jolanda de Kruyf en Roelof Tienkamp
Translation: Ineke Touber
Final editing: Marianne Velsink
Layout: Martin van der Elst|
Reclamestudio RISE ’N SHINE
Photos: Philip Friskorn, Ronald Messemaker,
Thijmen van Heerde, Willem Kolvoort,
Jeroen Bredenbeek, Egbert Beens,
the Weerribben-Wieden National Park,
Natuurmonumenten and Staatsbosbeheer
Project coordinator: Gabriella Esselbrugge|Buro DRIE
Websites: www.natuurherstel.nl;
www.natuurmonumenten.nl; www.staatsbosbeheer.nl
Pulished by: Natuurmonumenten and
Staatsbosbeheer
© Natuurmonumenten and Staatsbosbeheer 12 / 2011
CHALLENGES
New Life for the Marshes
‘Wetlands: challenges and innovation in succession management’
The Weerribben-Wieden National Park
In this tranquil world, formed by both nature and man, a vibrant dynamism bubbles below the surface
Waving reeds surrounding a labyrinth of pools, lakes and water channels. Mysterious swamp woodlands and
hay meadows. In summer, a colourful Dorado for man and animal, in winter, a tranquil splendour. Amidst this
beautiful patchwork, picturesque villages
lie hidden,
Kalenberg, Ossenzijl, for example, and the
A new
life forGiethoorn,
the marshes
former Zuyder Zee town of Blokzijl. As the largest uninterrupted peat marsh of North-West Europe, the Weerribben-Wieden National Park is extremely precious; space, peace and tranquillity, its natural diversity, these
are all attractive to its many visitors.
It is an oasis of peace and tranquillity. But
beneath that wonderful façade bubbles the
vitality of nature: if left undisturbed, the Weerribben and the Wieden will be overgrown by
aquatic vegetation, ultimately ending up in a
monotonous marsh wood. And many plant and
animal species will disappear.
Continuing human intervention is essential to
maintain the various types of landscape (all
developmental stages from open water to
woodland) and, consequently, the characteristic qualities of the National Park. This is
Bittern
done, among other things, through so-called
cyclic management: hay meadows, reeds and
floating fens are cut annually, as a result of
which the development of woodland is halted.
However, these measures are not sufficient
to maintain the special natural values of the
reserve. In the past five years, major conservation operations have been carried out with a
4.8 million euro subsidy from the LIFE Project
and a contribution of (OBN) Survival Plan Forest
and Nature; this gave the National Park an important boost for the future In effect by going
back in time….
Kingfisher
Large Copper
3
CHALLENGES
Formed by powerful interplay
North-west Overijssel was once a vast and desolate
marsh, formed by the powerful interplay of elements. After the last Ice Age (10,000 years ago),
between the boulder clay slopes (the sandy levees
near the towns of Steenwijk and Vollenhove) and
the sand dunes in the lower areas, peat moors developed from plant debris and animal remains. The
peat landscape changed when the sea level rose
3000 years ago and floods and gales gave the sea
free rein. Large parts of peat were washed away or
were flooded with clay or sand deposits. In the 13th
century, simple dykes were built: the first intervention by man in natural landscape processes.
Made by man
The Weerribben and the Wieden form a cultural
landscape. A special pattern of peat fields, peat
holes and lakes developed centuries
ago aslife
a result
A new
for
of human activity.
The enormous peat land was a practically
inexhaustible source of raw materials. When, in
the 16th century, the demand for fuel rose, peatcutting became a serious occupation. The peat
was extracted from the water where it was cut
and dried for fuel. This resulted in a rectangular
landscape of ditches (peat holes) and ridges
(peat fields). The ridges were used for drying and
transporting. You can see them everywhere in the
National Park. The peat cutters were sometimes a
little over-enthusiastic, particularly in the Wieden:
which resulted in strips of land that had become
too narrow. Severe gales made short shrift of them
and this process led to the formation of large lakes.
This even went as far as to cause a complete
peat cutters’ village, Beulaeke, to disappear in
1775/1776, which is where Beulakerwijde is now.
The Weerribben was more fortunate; it was here
that the peat cutters started again later on. The
peat cutters had learned from the mistakes they
had made in the Wieden: the ridges were kept
wider. At the beginning of the 19th century, peat
cutting ground to a halt. The peat holes became
overgrown and reed growing became the
dominant activity, which would also determine the
landscape.
4
the marshes
Peat cutting
The Weerribben-Wieden National Park
protected by law
- Priority area within the National Network of
Important Ecosystems;
- Formally designated in the planning as a
protected nature reserve (land-use plans,
regional plan, nature policy plan);
- Weerribben (since 1980) and the Wieden (since
2005) designated as a wetland under the
Ramsar Convention;
- Birds and Habitat Directives areas, designated
as a Natura 2000 area in 2005;
- The Weerribben has been a National Park since
1992 (UCN category IV) and, together with the
Wieden, formed a joint National Park in 2009;
- The Weerribben-Wieden National Park was
awarded the European Diploma for
Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas in 2009;
- The Weerribben has been a European Diploma
area since 1996, the Wieden since 2010;
- The Wieden is largely in the ownership of the
Dutch Nature Monuments Association
(Natuurmonumenten);
- The Weerribben is largely owned by
Staatsbosbeheer (SBB).
CHALLENGES
Retrospective: First LIFE Project
The LIFE Project, Restoration and demonstration
project pSCI ‘The Wieden and the Weerribben’ was
completed in 2004. Examples of measures implemented
by Natuurmonumenten and Staatsbosbeheer are the
clearance of over-grown peat holes, the cutting of sods
in dried reedland and the removal of woodland. The
results for nature are clearly visible. Rare plants such as
the Fen orchid (Liparis loeselii), Bladderwort (Utricularia
vulgaris) and Marsh Violet (Viola palustris) and water
plants such as the Water Lily (Nymphaea) and Water
Soldier (Alloides stratoides) were seen again in the
area. Marsh birds and the otter also benefitted from
the extra open water. The experience and knowledge
gained from the first LIFE Project were included in the
follow-up project Wetland challenges and innovation in
succession management.
A new life for
Largest in Western Europe
With its 10,000 hectares, the Weerribben-Wieden
National Park is the largest uninterrupted peat marsh
of North-West Europe. The Nature 2000 area has a high
natural value and is of great international importance.
The National Park is an important priority area for flora and
fauna with a specific connection to peat marshes. It has
an abundance of water and marsh plants, for example,
the Water Soldier (Alloides stratoides), the Flat-leaved
Bladderwort (Utricularia intermedia), the Lesser Panicled
Sedge (Carex diandra) and the Star Sedge (Carex
echinata). The landscape is further defined by species
such as the Marsh Orchid (Orchis praetermissa), the
Greater Yellow-rattle (Rhinanthus angustifolius), the Lesser
Butterfly-orchid (Platanthera bifolia), the Marsh Violet (Viola
palustris), the Round-leaved Sundew (Drosera rotundifolia),
the Carnation Sedge (Carex panicea), the Common
Tormentil (Potentilla erecta) and the Meadow Thistle
(Cirsium dissectum). Some of the animal species found
in the National Park constitute almost the entire Dutch
population. Examples are the Large Copper (Lycaena
dispar), the Norfolk Damselfly (Coenagrion armatum) and
the Large White-faced Darter (Leucorrhinia pectoralis).
But the marsh is also literary of vital importance as a
habitat and breeding area for the European Weatherfish
(Misgurnis fossilis), the European Bitterling (Rhodeus
amarus), the Purple Heron (Ardea purpurea) and the
Great Bittern (Botaurus stellaris).
Desiccation, acidification and
eutrophication
To ‘leave things as they are’ is not an option for
the Weerribben-Wieden National Park as far as
the conservation and development of biodiversity
is concerned. It is absolutely essential that there is
constant intervention in the natural processes because
the National Park has to deal with three threats:
desiccation, acidification and eutrophication.
These three threats each have a negative influence
on each another. The result is that normal succession
– or changes in the ecosystem – is subject to heavy
pressure. Poor water quality hampers the first step from
water vegetation to terrestrialisation. Valuable early
stages cannot move towards development and, as
a result, threaten to vanish altogether. This, in turn, has
consequences for the next step in the succession:
the
marshes
calcareous
marshes with Galingale (Cladjum marscus)
and Water Reed (Phragmites australis). That is a biotope
where reed and marsh birds such as the Great Bittern
(Botaurus stellaris), Savi’s Warbler (Locustella luscinioides)
and the Marsh Harrier (Circus aeruginosus) feel at home.
In older and drying reed vegetation, the development
towards rough growth and woodland progresses faster
with plant species such as Hemp Agrimony (Eupatorium
cannabinum), Blackberry Bramble (Rubus fruticosus),
Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica), Larger Bindweed
(Calystegia sepium) and young trees. The natural value
of reedland and hay meadows is also diminished as a
result of dessication (low water levels and the outflow of
water to lower areas) and acidification (rainwater).
A downward spiral: economically, the reedlands
are becoming less interesting for the reed cutters.
Not only is there less and lower reed, cutting is also
becoming increasingly difficult. Continuing the current
management programme will therefore become
difficult.
Aerial De Wieden
5
CHALLENGES
Cultivated Landscape
We have come full circle
In order to maintain the characteristic features of
the area, urgent measures must be taken. By taking the area back in time, new life will arise in the
marsh. Large-scale operations such as the cleaning out of over-grown bog holes, the removal of
swamp wood and the repair of embankments are
absolutely essential. As is cutting the sods of the
reedlands and digging ditches to restore the wetland. And the perpetual and fascinating process of
terrestrialisation can start yet again.
Sunken plant material
years
years
years
Intervention
Open water
Floating water plants
Cover of water plants
Man intervenes in nature and
makes it possible for new nature
to develop in the new situation.
Stage 1 In the terrestrialisation process,
this is the stage of open water with
natural embankments.
Stage 2 This is the stage in which floating
water plants are found in large parts of
the water such as the Water Lily,
Frogbit and Pondweed.
Stage 3 The water is totally covered over by
water plants. These water plants contain
herbacious plants such as the Water Plantain,
Slender Sedge and Menyanthes.
man in
Open water with natral embankments
FROM MARSH
6
WE HAVE COME FULL CIRCLE
TO WATER
CHALLENGES
the Weerribben. The top layer of the increasing
vegetation mat has been removed. Additionally,
10 kilometres of new ditches and trenches were
dug to improve the discharge and supply of
water. Opportunities for existing vegetation
have now been restored and constitute a fertile
biotope for the Fen Orchid (Liparis loeselii), the
Slender Sedge (Carex lasiocarpa), the Star
Sedge (Carex echinata), the Marsh Lousewort
(Pedicularis palustris) and the Scorpidium Moss
(Scorpidium scorpioides).
Nature
Natural
landscape
years
years
Culture
Floating fens
Reed vegetation mats
Deciduous swamp wood
These plants have formed a thick root blanket
in this stage. It is possible to walk on this
type of vegetation. There is still water below
the blanket of roots. When you walk across
this blanket, it moves.
The water below the floating fen is almost
fully-terrestrialised, but the bed is still very
wet. Nature provides a rich variety of species
and a shelter for birds and game.
It is essential to intervene in nature because the
succession will continue and will finally become
woodland. A choice must be made. Let nature
develop into a swamp wood with high natural
values without intervention or recreate open
water after which succession can start again.
n intervenes and takes the development back to where it started.
- Construction of 20 hectares of new bog holes
in the Weerribben. Enclosed wood landscape
has been changed into open marsh area in
such a way that there is now plenty of space
for the Black Tern (Childonaris niger), the Curlew
(Numenius arquata) and the Marsh Harrier (Circus
aeruginosus)..
- 5 hectares of woodland in the Weerribben has
A new life for the
marshes
What have we actually achieved
with LIFE?
The ‘make-over’ of the marsh is a mammoth
operation. Sod cutting, digging, felling, clearing.
Major conservation operation for the future. The
results in a nutshell: www.wetlandchallenges.com
- Restoration of 19 hectares of floating vegetation
mats in the Wieden, on the threshold between
land and water. Floating vegetation mats are
given space at the expense of unwanted
growth such as birch, willow and alder. Newlydug channels improve the supply of water.
- Restoration of 8 hectares of terrestrialisation
stages in the Wieden. New bog holes and
channels are currently forming the basis for the
further development of floating fens, wet and
bog-moss reedlands. Good news for underwater
plants, but typical marsh birds also benefit: the
Marsh Harrier (Circus aeruginosus), the Purple
Heron (Ardea purpurea), the Great Bittern
(Botaurus stellaris), the Great Reed Warbler
(Acrocephalus arundinaceus), the Savi’s Warbler
(Locustella luscinioides) and the Bearded Tit
(Panurus biarmicus). In the shallower areas, a
number of Dragonfly and Frog species are again
settling in and reproducing.
- Sod cutting of 40 hectares of floating fens
and bog moss reedlands in the Wieden and
been transformed into reedland. Another 9
hectares of woodland, thicket and vegetation
has been removed. Steep embankments have
been levelled out to create a gradual transition
for plant species such as the Water Reed
(Phragmites australis) and the Greater Water
Dock (Rumex hydrolápathum). It is an optimal
breeding biotope for dragonflies (the Hairy
Dragonfly (Brachytron pratense) and the Scarce
Chaser (Libellula fulva)) and an ideal breeding
and foraging area for reed and marsh birds.
The plant-rich embankments are also extremely
suitable as a habitat for the Large Copper
(Lycaena dispar).
LIFE in brief
The total marsh area combining the Weerribben and the Wieden covers 10,000 hectares.
Around 123 hectares directly benefit from the
LIFE interventions. The indirect, positive effects – less desiccation as a result of improved
water supply – are infinitely greater: approximately 1200 hectares of nature have received
considerable benefit
7
CHALLENGES
LIFE Restoration Cycle
Opening up
Open water
Forbs reedland
Woodland/thicket
bog heath
Bunt (Molinia caerulea) reedland
Formation of vegetation mats
peat moss reedland
Water reed
Nutrient-rich wet reedland
Floating fen reedland
Marsh marigold reedland
Sod
g
LIFE Restoration management
Regular management
Mowing
8
in
Wett
ing
ench
g/ tr
cuttin
CHALLENGES
Measures LIFE The Wieden
Measures LIFE The Weerribben
Initial situation
Clearing the woodland
Big intervention in Groot Erve after
clearing the woodland
9
CHALLENGES
Water: elixir of life
Customised work in the marsh
Water: An elixir of life that our natural marshland
cannot do without. The Weerribben and the
Wieden have enough of it. Or perhaps not...? It is
necessary to maintain a balance, because, in this
country, the water level is regulated artificially: high
in summer, low in winter. This is the exact opposite
of the naturally-regulated water level. Moreover,
water-level control is adjusted during short wet
or dry periods, as a result of which characteristic
marsh plants are in danger of disappearing.
A diverse and vulnerable area such as the
Weerribben and the Wieden requires tailor-made
measures. But also an affinity and creativity among
those actually doing the work. Managers must
be able to combine their knowledge of the area
with the technical know-how of the contractors,
because their ability to work on the small,
sometimes difficult-to-reach plots of hay meadow
and reedland, woodland and water is limited. And
yet, this is exactly where people have successfully
pioneered and collaborated. The LIFE Project has
been successful mostly as a result of innovative
working methods and machinery such as the
floating marsh cranes, the shredder pontoon and
the hydraulic dredger with shredder installation.
Creativity and innovation
Nature projects in the Weerribben and the
Weir Kiersche Wijde
Experimental ground
Playing with the water level increases our
knowledge about any
possible effects of
interventions on nature, which is the reason why
the Kiersche Wiede (the Wieden, part of the LIFE
Project) and ’t Jurries (the Weerribben) have
been used as experimental ground since 2007.
In collaboration with the Water Board, a more
natural water level is being simulated here, with
more flexible levels.
Wieden require a great deal of creativity
and lead to innovation. For example,
Knoop Dredging in Tynaarlo has had special
machinery developed. Innovative tools such
as the ‘Waterkring’ amphibious digger and the
shredder pontoon. Tours de force that are also
applied in other countries in the world.
Waterkring amphibious digger
Kiersche Wijde
Waterkring and the shredder pontoon
10
CHALLENGES
Life in and with nature
Together, the Weerribben and the Wieden constitute
a natural treasure-house in which – and this is remarkable – people also live, work and recreate. Fishing, boating, skating: life in and with nature means
that many residents from this area directly and
indirectly depend on it, and also feel committed to
its success. Before and during the implementation
of the LIFE operations, intensive consultations were
held with both the local population and local government. This meant that there was sufficient support
for the temporary depots for the LIFE Project; these
depots were necessary for the storage of dredged
material (peat and plant debris). This material is
reused to reinforce embankments and is employed
in the development of new nature reserves.
In many cases, natural results are immediately measurable. But LIFE is more than an investment in the
A new life for
restoration of nature alone. The project also generates a socio-economic stimulus for the region. It is
good for extra employment in the reed-cutting and
recreation sectors. Both the vitality of the area and
the social support for nature in the surrounding area
are increasing.
The advantages listed: reed growing
- Reedland that has been cleared provides a higher
yield;
- Conservation of valuable natural and culturalhistorical valuable craftmanship;
- Leaseholders and reed cutters collaborate with
managers, Municipality, Water Board and the tourist industry;
- Innovation: state-of-the-art machinery, floating
cranes, biomass projects (for the generation of
energy) and new management methods;
Canoeing
the marshes
Ice skating
- Sustainability: reedlands are irrigated with a water
pump powered by solar energy;
- Synergy of knowledge: the nature management
course makes the reed cutters more aware of the
high natural values and their own role in the conservation of this marsh landscape
Boost for recreation
The recreation sector is one of the three largest economic pillars of the Municipality of Steenwijkerland.
On average, 1.5 million people visit the Weerribben
and the Wieden every year, either by boat, bike or
on foot. Nature and ‘open-air museums’ such as
Giethoorn, Dwarsgracht and Kalenberg provide recreational variety. Conservation and diversity of the
landscape are therefore of the utmost importance
for retaining the value of nature from the viewpoint
of the holidaymaker. The higher the quality, the longer the visitor stays in the area, is the experience.
Other people who are interested in the LIFE Project
are the anglers and - to a lesser extent – the fishermen. The new bog holes are a breeding ground for
fish, especially species such as Perch (Esox lucius),
Tench (Tinca tinca) and Rudd (Rutilus erythro phtalamus).
Reed mowing
11
CHALLENGES
Sharing knowledge: a matter of
communication
Much of the wide support base for LIFE is the result
of the clear communication with all the parties
involved, residents and visitors to the area. This is
mostly done via publications in the regional and national newspapers, and by using the social media
(Twitter, Facebook, blogs), via digital info channels
(www.natuurherstel.nl, www.natuurmonumenten.
nl) and through direct contact with farmers, reed
cutters, and partners in the area.
Visitors were informed about the LIFE nature restoration project through special exhibitions in the Visitors
Centres of Staatsbosbeheer (140,000 visitors a year)
and Natuurmonumenten (70,000). In addition,
‘work-in-progress’ trips to the various LIFE locations
were organised for both residents and interested
parties. During regularly-held boating trips, the
A new
lifethe
for
public were given detailed explanations
about
‘how-and-why’ of LIFE.
International symposium
Over 75 guests from seven different countries attended the three-day International LIFE Symposium.
The objective: to exchange knowledge and information and admire the successes of the project for
themselves.
A mix of theory and practice. Keynote speakers
were Mr Hayo Apotheker (former Mayor of Steenwijkerland and former Dutch Minister for Agriculture,
Nature Management and Food Quality), Mr Patrick
Meire (Professor of Biology at Antwerp University),
Mr Liro Ikonen (Project Coordinator and Reedland
expert in Finland) and Mr Bart de Haan (Ecologist at
Natuurmonumenten). On day two, the party went
out into the field. The innovative machinery in particular attracted a great deal of attention
the marshes
LIFE symposium
LIFE treasure digging
Treasure digging
Youngsters were also drawn into the project in a
playful way. Children of De Rolpaal, a primary
school in Blokzijl, could dig for treasure in the restored banks of the islands in Lake Giethoorn with
the aid of GPS. Their future vision? Primary school
children have written down what the WeerribbenWieden National Park will look like in fifteen years’
time. But will this image match reality? We will know
on 7 April 2025 when the treasure chest of ideas will
be opened.
12
LIFE field Excursion
‘Investing in nature pays’ Final conclusion of the
networking day, the third and last element of this
symposium. Interaction between field managers,
contractors, consultancy agencies, local government and entrepreneurs. The info-market focused,
among other things, on monitoring natural values
and on new forms of contracts when tendering for
nature conservation projects. Last but not least, old
crafts such as thatching were demonstrated.
CHALLENGES
Knowing means annual monitoring
Have all or part of the natural values been restored
by the LIFE Project? Monitoring provides a valuable
insight into the processes, which is why a survey is
carried out and recorded every year.
Flora
LIFE stimulates the return or expansion of very rare
plant species in the Netherlands and in Europe. For
example, the Bog Orchid (Hammarbya paludosa)
owes its comeback in the National Park to the
cutting of sods in the reedlands. The wetter area (as
a result of the newly-dug channels and trenches)
gave an enormous boost to the Fen Orchid (Liparis
loeselii). This tiny orchid is now seen in many new
places. Other species that like wet feet are also
on the increase: the Lesser Bladderwort (Utricularia
minor) and the Flat-leaved Bladderwort (Utricularia
intermedia), the Water Soldier (Alloides
stratoides),
A new
life for
the Pondweed species (Potamogeton spec.) and
the Chaerophyte (Chara spec.).
the marshes
Fen Orchid
Aquatic vegetation with flat-leaved Bladderwoort
13
CHALLENGES
Fauna
Biotope and embankment improvement have
turned out to be beneficial for the Great Reed
Warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus), the Purple
Heron (Aredea purpurea) and the Great Bittern
(Botaurus stellaris). Numbers are improving, species
are increasing.
In 2011, a brand-new dragonfly species was
discovered in the National Park: the Dainty Whitefaced Darter (Leucorrhinia caudalis). Other species
increased in number and benefitted from new
open water; examples are: the Scarce Chaser
(Libellula fulva), the Hairy Dragonfly (Brachytron
pratense), the Brown Hawker (Aeshna grandis)
and the Large White-faced Darter (Leucorrhinia
pectoralis).
The immensely-improved water quality also offers
viable opportunities for the otter, an animal that
became extinct in the nineteen eighties. Since
its reintroduction in 2002, 31 animals have been
reintroduced and a healthy population of 80-100
otters is now the successful result.
Great Reed Warbler
Otter
Large White-faced Darter
Spectacular effects
Spectacular effectsThe monitoring process is still fully under way. However, all the 2010
interventions in the Wieden have already been completed so that the data of the various
locations is now known. Spectacular changes can be seen at a number of locations of the
LIFE Project. A perfect example is the embankments of Lake Giethoorn; they have been made
into a marsh and – after years of absence – are host to a Great Bittern (Botaurus stellaris)
and a breeding Great Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus). We also see promising
developments along the Kerkgracht (Church Canal): birds not present before the LIFE Project
started such as the Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) and the Bluethroat (Luscinia
svecica) are now very frequently spotted. The 2012 monitoring is expected to show the same
positive developments in other, similar locations.
The 2012 monitoring is expected to show the same positive developments in other, similar
locations.
14
CHALLENGES
The future: a challenge
of this area is being cherished and further
developed, so that generations to come
will also be able to go boating, cycling and
walking in quiet wonder.
The abundance of plants and animals and the
beautiful, varied landscape are considered
to be well worth the LIFE investment. But
The ‘New Life for the Marshes’ LIFE Project
managing and maintaining top-level nature is
cost 4.8 million euros and was made possible
a form of top-level sport. It remains necessary
thanks to subsidies from the European
– also in the future – to create open water
Community (40% LIFE Nature Fund), the Dutch
for adequately ensuring the early stages of
Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture
terrestrialisation.
and Innovation (55% Woodland and Nature
Natuurmonumenten and Staatsbosbeheer
Survival Plan) and the Province of Overijssel
accept that challenge together with partners
(Area-oriented Policy Fund). Staatsbosbeheer
such as the Weerribben-Wieden National
and Natuurmonumenten financed 5%.
Park and the Municipality of Steenwijkerland.
Despite diminishing government subsidies,
LIFE Nature is a subsidising body of the
they will continue to look for new opportunities
European Union that aims to support the
and means to maintain the marshes. An
implementation of Birds and Habitat Directives
example is biomass: the energy produced
in Europe. Together, the areas under the
when cutting reedlands and hay meadows.
directive
form the Natura 2000 European
A cutters
new life for the
marshes
Working alongside the proud reed
Ecological Network.
and the local residents, the unique character
Belterwiede De Wieden
15
Belterwiede De Wieden

brochure LIFE2012 engles.indd

Transcription

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Sacony Creek Trail and Marsh

Marsh Trail Map

Clarkston and East Kilbride District SWT Members` Centre

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