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Meduxnekeag Watershed
stil
eS
tre
am
Wa
te
k
o
Br
nn
Du
ok
Bro
Hill
ok
ok
Jewell
Lake
NORT
ll
Be
k
Park
ar
Br
oo
UXNEKE
ed
AG
R IV E
R
ke
ED
M
r
Wa
k
oo
Ar
e
th
ng
du
ri
lit
ar
y
5
e
xn
Haney
uxnekea
g
ve
r
Eel R
i
Merrit Mill at Houlton Dam
Du
rrel B
Brk
Firs
t Brk vis
2nd
B
rk
d ow
ook
Br
Da
Spring Hill
Burnt Dam Ridge
Beaver Dam at Nickerson Lake
er
d
she
Changes in the Watershed:
Settlements, Dams, Logging & Natural Influences
“Twenty mills and factories were established in the area from
1810 through 1884. Seventeen remained in operation as of 1895.
They included saw, flour, lumber, and woolen mills; starch,
furniture, and sleight and carriage factories as well as electric
light plant, steam planing mill and foundry and machine shop.”
St. Croix
Beavers also change the watershed
creating dams making new wetland
areas, and small ponds.
Beaver near Payson Lake, Canada
Black Bear seen in Dudley
Locations of Maine’s Historic Mills
1. J. Powers Saw Mill
2. Sharp’s Starch Mill
3. Sharp’s Saw Mill
4. S. Mill
5. F. W. Titcomb’s Shingle Mill
6. R. J. Baker Cabinet Factory
and Shingle Mill
7. Woolen Mill
8. Merrit Mill
9. Getchell’s Foundry
10. Aaron Putnam’s Mill
11. R. S. Clough Flour Mill
12. Mansur Starch Factory
13. Cheese Factory
14. Lumber Mill
15. I. B. Merriam Saw Mill
16. Shephard Cary’s Mill
17. Capt. Moses Drew’s Mill
18. S. & G. Mill
19. Iron Mine
20. C. C. Hutchison Saw Mill
21. Shingle Mill
22. Carding Mill
23. Grist Mill
24. Shaw’s Tannery
Left: Houlton Mills at the Dam
on Meduxnekeag
Tracy Br
k
Wa
t
Davis
Brook Bog
9
6
R i ve r
Bro o
th
er
at
W
Westford Hill
d
she
ed
M
ro
Lynx seen near
Westford Hill
8
kea
g St
Mi
US
th
e
by
us
ed
ut
e
Ro
Sou
7
ok
ok
or
st
oo
n
Medu x
Ni
c
rk
a x t er B
rk
riso
k
ne
ter
sh
ux
er
Riv Wa
ed
CH
attawa
M
mkeag
ersh
at
BR
Eleven
Mile
Lake
k
d
on
k
oo
Br
k
Br o
f
no
atio ills
c
o
*L lton M
Hou
Daggett Hill
Lt. Gordon Manuel Wildlife
Management Area
er
ok
y Bro tershed
d
o
b
a
a
Pe
ite W
s
o
p
Com
Bulls Creek
Watershed
k
P
on
Pond
or t
h Br
an
Coffin
Bog
Parks Hill
k
River
ns
Joh
24
du
Me
22
23
v
ok
Hunter
ch
Aroostook: A Century of Logging in Northern Maine,
Richard W. Judd, 1989.
Co o
e
21
Ri
Original village location
Ston B
rk
m
rea
20
Fields and Forests
“... the territory was beginning to draw the attention of
lumbermen from Maine and New Brunswick whose
growing presence place the region’s magnificent stands
of pine timber at the center of the tense boundary dispute.”
This dispute precipitated the “Bloodless” Aroostook War
(aka “Lumberjack’s War). “... the rich loamy soils of the
eastern boundary area also drew comments from
explorers, and by 1831 several agricultural settlements
had encroached upon the wilderness.”
ag
C
f Woodstock First Nation
Estabrooks
Hovey Hill
ss
Fo
“Local farmers traded with
the Maliseets for potato
baskets woven from
brown ash splints”
Meduxnekeag Valley
Nature Presrve
k
d
ree ershe
C
t
s
ne’ Wa
a
e
L sit
po
om
Mountain
16
Sawyer
Pond
N
Moose Along North Branch
d
Br
Pe
Champion
Pond
Mud
Lake
ar
13 c e B
14
ro
Branch Medu
xneke
ag o
Br
ade
ess mry road h
r
g
ic
on ilita
, wh
8, C
182 for a m oulton
n
I
“
H
0.”
ision r to
prov Bango in 183 County,
d
from omplete ostook , 1886
c
ro
ey
was
of A
Varn
. J.
tory
His By Geo
e
Main
k
15
12
ak
e
ith
South
er
ok
m
Crow Hill
Maliseet Tribal Member Nora Estabrook
with Maliseet Ash Potato Basket
Bell Forest
oo
Br
B
ea
M
Showy Lady Slipper
A patch found in Cary
Plantation Wetland
H
o
Bro
se
n
19
Gree
R . Pond
ag
e
ek
kerson L
Str
g
Hi
NC
Sm
Mo o
Lambert
Pond
ith
o
RA
Me
11
oo
Mill
B ro
Brook
ook
Glancy
Lake
17
DREWS LAKE
(Meduxnekeag Lake) 18
s
gin
HB
ric
k
isto
*H dstoc
o
o
W
Moody Hill
Dog
d Brook
Br
Bradbury
Lake
nB
Payson
Lake
k
4
Bradbury
Lake
b
Timoney
Carson
Lake
Pond
Be
ar
Br
Timoney Mtn
k
Maple Hill
AN
Logan Lake
(Jordan Pond)
Co
County Rd.
Lake
Hannigan
Pond
Gould
B Pond
RT
H
Britton Lake
10
Cochran
Lake
W
oo
k
Br
Br
k
Bib
Bro
o
ook
ar
ley
m
O
Brook
Deep Lake
m
La
Du
M nn
Stre
a
Miles
KIloMeters
Williamstown
Lake
Iron Ore Hill
Br
Cary Lake
WOODSTOCK
FIRST NATION
3
Gentle
Lake
Long Lake
B Stream
Cameron
Bog
N
Big
ok
oo k
Larr y B
rook
B
Bro
r
l
Sam Drew Mtn
White Adder’s Mouth
Boggy area in
Hammond
Brown Brk
ter
Mill
R
SOUT
B Lake
Lit
tle M l Brk
il
Cut-leaved Toothwort
Hammond woods area
Fork Brook
n
Twi
bs
r
k
Henry’s Half
Moon Pond
Little Presqu
’isle
Kettle ponds: basin in glacial
drift deposit: a steep-sided
basin, often a lake or swamp,
in a glacial drift deposit,
caused by the melting of an
ice mass left behind as the
glacier retreated.
Deep Lake
ow
ard
We
B
sar
an
M
B
Fork
k
roo
eB
Number Seven Ridge
Hal
Fall with berries in Lt. Gordon Manuel
Wildlife Management Area
VE
RI
ar
rk
A
23
Houlton Band of
Maliseet Indians
5
0
Ross Lake
H
rook
dB
Swamp Fly-honeysuckle
Spring flowering in
Monticello near Dead Stream
r
3
Conroy Lake
Little
Be
Rive
KE
ook
Br
s
How
MEDUX
H
NE
k
oo
Br
ok
k
o ok
Bro
o
NC
0
1
Gentle
Lake
yt
Ho
Br
ro
RA
ld
y
B
ut
h
B
1
Rideout
Lake
Alerton
Lake
H
G
Tr
B og
Gulch
e
Ridg
Brook
ou
ac
So
1
wB
rook
m
ton
Rivers and Lakes
Wetland Areas
Forested areas
Agricultural Areas
Watershed Borders
Political Borders
ROADS
ad Strea
M
ling
Wel
Map Legend
De
do
ea
ro
th B
Hovey Br
o
g
ea
Medux
Branch
Scott Pond
Little
Fowler
Pond Brook
Portland
Lake
ur n
t B
rk
o
Hovey Hovey Mtn
Swamp
No
r th
oes
chbark Can
Maliseet Bir
B
West
Lake
Nighthawk Mtn
son
e
Chandler Ridge
Sp
lit
Br
Number
Nine
Saddleback Mtn Lake
k
oo
nek
Ar
oo
Number 9
Mtn
Mor
k
Br
to
oos
Advent Swamp
Number 9 S tream
Jim Brk
eho u s
Baby Ducks at Nine Mile Lake
Wa
r
e
iv
kR
ed
Joh
nR
ive
r
ed
sh
ter
Sou
MADOKENQUIK ~MADOCHEMQUICK ~MADUSHNAKEEK ~MADAZNIKIK ~MADUZNEKEAG ~MEDUXNEKEAG ~ MEDEOCKSEENECASIS
rsh
Sa
int
Pre
“Maliseet aboriginal territory consisted of the entire region drained by the Saint John (Wulastoq) River
in Maine and New Brunswick. Despite an international boundary that divided their land into American and
Canadian segments, Maliseet occupation of their aboriginal home represents an unbroken continuum,”
“A journey from Grand Lake to Northern Maine could have been accomplished by canoeing up Monument
Stream portaging to the South Branch of the Meduxnekeag River where downstream travel could have been take on
to the St. John River.” ~ The History of the Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians in Aroostook County of Maine,
Preliminary Report by James Wherry, June 1979
“Not only was Houlton the first American settlement in Aroostook, but for many years there were no
others nearer than the districts around Bangor and Calais, and there were no roads connecting Houlton with any
other part of Maine until 1827. There were two avenues of communication from the rest of the state. The easier
was by salt water to St. John up the St. John to Woodstock and thence overland to Houlton. The other was up the
Penobscot and Mattawamkeag Rivers and the Baskahegan Stream and Lake to a point near Danforth, by portage
to Grand Lake, by lake and portage to Eel River, down Eel River the St. John, and up that river to Woodstock.”
~ Aroostook, The First Sixty Years, Clarence A Day, 1989
G
ag in
neke
dux
r Me
e
v
o
g
Flyin
Eagle
n
Dow
lton
Hou
town
a
Me
MEDUXNAKIC ~
Exploring the
Loons near island on Drew’s Lake
“The first dam in the Maine portion of the watershed: “In the summer
of 1810 Aaron Putnam had built a mill dam....” By 1877, an Aroostook
County atlas indicates at least 22 dams existed in the watershed.
from Story of Houlton by Cora Carpenter Putnam 1958
“Major changes in the watershed began with the arrival of Loyalist
settlers in the mid-1780s” ... “over the following fifty years, the
appearance and ecology of much of the watershed was transformed ...
in transporting timber downstream, tributary streams were altered with
temporary “driving dams”; boulders were removed or demolished with
explosives.”
Meduxnekeag Watershed Classification Project”
George Peabody, Simon Mitchell, 2006
~ MADAXNIKIK ~ MEDUCTSNICICK ~ MEDUCTICNICICK ~ MADXWAWICK ~ MEDUCTINICIKICK ~ MADISHNAKICK ~ MADUXNEKEEK ~ MEDUKSENEEKIK ~
METAHKSONIKEK ~ MEDUCTXNICOOK ~ MEDUCTSINICICK ~ MEDUCKSINIKECK ~ MEDUCTXNICK ~ MADUCTSINICIK
~MEDUXNIKICK ~MADUCXSNIKIC ~MADUCKSNEKIC ~MADUCKSNEKICK ~MEDUXNAKEAG ~MEDUXNIKEAG ~MEDUXNIKEEK