Acheson, Dean G., 560, 576 Adams, Alva, 609

INDEX
Acheson, Dean G., 560, 576
Adams, Alva, 609-10
Adams, Claude M., 504
Adams, Edward, photo of, 208(#23)
Adams, Emory S., photo of, 208(#37)
Adjutant General's Department, 445
Adler, Julius Ochs, 300
African Americans: character, regional
differences in, 500; criticisms of leaders and policies by black groups, 501;
equal risks and equal rights, 499-500;
segregation and army camps, 458-59,
499-500; service with white troops,
390, 500; Stilwell's attitude re troops,
367; troops, quality of, 501; Uniontown (Pa.), blacks in, 51, 104-5; White
House usher, 85
Ainsworth-Wood affair (1910-13), 16566,183-84,444-45
Air Forces: advantages over ground in
training, 279; air "experts," problem
of, 313-14; air superiority insufficient
alone, 290-91; air-ground operations,
training for, 480; base construction,
problems re, 246-47; bombing strategies, 397; buildup, influence on ground
forces of, 252; command parity with
ground, 298, 314-15, 595; Flying
Tigers, 604; General Staffs attitude re,
310, 340; independence, pressure for,
314--15, 436; Leavenworth schools'
attitudes re, 306; loss of specially
trained men, 310, 340-41; manpower
demobilization, problems re, 496-97;
morale, importance of full mess table
to, 381, 592; overconfidence of, 620;
postwar bases, plans for, 571; press
support for, 281, 313-14; promotion,
problems re, 313, 436, 498, 615; service troops, problems in South Pacific
re, 379-80, 396, 592, 599; staff problems of, 276, 314, 436, 614-15, 619;
status within military establishment
of, 297-98, 436; strategic bombing,
insufficient alone, 615; U.S. Navy,
competition with, 357, 611; volunteers, advantages over ground forces
re, 461-62, 467; weaknesses of, 580
Airborne units, 465-68, 615
Aircraft: engine manufacture, impact of
French surrender on, 331; General
Staff officers, flying by, 310-11;
Hawaii, reinforcements for, 293; Japanese Zero, comparison with U.s. planes,
379-80, 592; Philippines, reinforcements for, 292-93; public attitudes re,
281; Roosevelt's desire for, 108-9,446,
514; shortages of, 317; spare parts,
shortage of, 598, 619
-bomber program Arnold's role in 437;
controversy re, 340, 448, 611; M's support for, 312-13
Alaska: Aleutians, liberation of, 381-82;
funds for defense of, 328, 485, 609;
navy overall command desired by M,
296,595; troop care, problems in, 395
Alexander, Sir Harold, 345, 590, 616, 619
Alf, William L., photo of, 208(#21)
Alibi Club, 346
Allen, Henry T., photos of, 208(#20-21)
Allen, Henry T., Jr., photo of, 208(#21)
Alsop, Joseph W., 372-73, 567, 605, 606
Aluminum, bauxite supply for, 519
American-British Conversations (1941),
276,283-84
Amherst College, 336-37, 558
Ammunition, problems of supplying, 38890,446,475
ANAKIM plan (Burma), 603
Anderson, Clinton P., photo of, 432(#60)
Andrews, Frank M., 276-77, 310-13, 565,
582
Antitank guns, problems re, 261
Antonov, Alexei I., 524
Antwerp, Belgium, 393
ANvIL Operation (1944), 540-41, 549;
British opposition to, 555-56, 590,
613; success of, 387, 556, 612-13
629
I
I'
630
*
MARSHALL
Anzio operation, 388, 393, 396, 467, 540
ARCADIA Conference, 357-58, 594-95, 600
Anny and Navy Journal, 591-92
Army Specialized Training Program
(ASTP), 529
Army War College, 306, 311
Arnold, Henry H.: airmen's attitude toward,
438; Atlantic Conference, 287; atomic
bomb development, knowledge of,
423; Hopkins, relations with, 433; JCS
membership, M's efforts for, 298, 436;
loyalty to M of, 314, 437; photos of,
432(#43-45, 47-48, 52-53); role of,
614-15; South Pacific mission for M,
370,412; strategic views of, 437
Arnold, William R, 324
Artillery: 75-mm, continued use of, 261;
changing requirements re, 388-90;
quality of, 446; training for, 469
Atlantic City, N.J., 65, 163-64
Atlantic Conference (1941), 285-87, 385
Atomic bomb: development of, 421-23;
German heavy-water plant, operations
against, 467, 551; Japan, use against,
404,423-25, 447; Manhattan Project,
naming of, 421; military effectiveness,
testing for, 496, 538; Oak Ridge, labor
problems at, 475; production facilities,
problems re, 474
Attlee, Clement, 520
Augusta,K~,43,58,62, 104, 107
Augusta, U.S.S., 285-86
Australia: Admiralty Islands bases, U.S.
cooperation re, 571; Hurley's mission
to, 565-66; Japanese invasion, fear of,
435-36; joint campaigns with, 509;
officer training methods, 202-3, 299,
304; Southwest Pacific, proposals for
commander of, 609; U.S. diplomatic
representatives in, 513
Automobiles purchased by M, 174,579
Azores, need for bases in, 621
8-17 Flying Fortress bomber, 263-64,
274,289,619-20
Baker, Newton D., 269, 532
Bands, military, 502
Barkley, Alben W., 582
Baruch, Bernard M., 484, 609
..
'
INTERVIEWS
Baseball, 49-50, 76, 86
Bayer aspirin, 584
Beauvais, France, 234
Beaverbrook, Lord, 510
Beer: attitude re, 27; production in France
for u.s. Army, 482, 578
Beightler, Robert S., 578
Belgium, civilian supply needs of, 393
Bell, Elliott, 409
Bell, J. Franklin: Ainsworth, struggle
with, 444; attitude toward M of, 89;
Guard training, M proposed as head of,
90-91; illness, influence on M'sjob of,
181-82, 184-85, 186; Leavenworth
schools, development of, 151; M as
aide to, 178, 184-88; M's acquaintance
with, 158-,.{j0; M's opinion of, 183-84;
Philippine maneuvers of 1914 and,
172-73; photo of, 208(#17); speeches,
M seeks to reduce number given by,
184; suggests M as instructor for Pa.
N.G., 158
Bell, Mrs. J. Franklin, 184
Bell for Adano, A, 455, 525
Benes, Eduard,398
Berlin, Germany, 325, 334
Bermuda, 1942 trip to, 554
Beukema, Herman, 572
Bevin, Ernest, 558, 560-61
Bidault, Georges, 325-26, 558, 560-61
Bidwell, Bruce W., 340
Blackbeard the pirate, 60-61
Blair House, 527
Bliss, A. W., 69, 72
Blomberg, Werner von, 440-41
Bloom, Sol, 527
Boeing Airplane Company, 310
Bohlen, Charles E., 559-60
BOLERO plan (1944), 594, 603
Bonesteel, Charles H., 532, 564, 578
Bordeaux, Paul E. J., 205-8
Borden, William A., 266
Bowman, M. Herbert, 49, 56, 86
Braddock (Edward) trail and grave (1755),
29-30
'
Bradley, Omar N., 596, 600; British criticism of, re Normandy, 528; corps command, delay of, 578; Infantry School,
role at, 542; Montgomery, problems
with, 391-92; North Africa, cleans up
Index
rear areas in, 578; OCS, establishment
of, 462; photos of, 208(#33), 432(#52);
Rhine River, crossing of, 400-401;
Rhur River, crossing of, 346
Braham, W. G., photo of, 208(#21)
Brazil: concern re defense of, 386; M's trip
to (1939),271--73
Brett, George H., 609
Brewster, Andre W., photo of, 208(#27)
Briand, Aristide, 239
Brooke, Sir Alan, 552-53; command experience compared to M, 590; M's opinion of, 430; Malta Conference, role in,
541; OVERLORD, opinion of U.S. insistence on, 589; photos of, 432(#44, 47,
56); Soviet criticism of, 342; Stilwell,
asks relief of, 608
Brown, Allen T. (stepson), xi
Brown, Clifton S. (stepson), xi
Brown, MollyP. (stepdaughter; Mrs. James
J. Winn), xi, 28; photo of, 432(#60)
Brown, Preston, 154
Brown University, 337-38
Brownsville, Pa., 46-47
Bryan, William Jennings, 49
BUCCANEER Operation (1944), 371-72
Budget, Bureau of the, 107-8
Bugge, Jens, 171
Bulge, battle of the: German plans for,
392; M visits area prior to, 246, 34546, 391-92, 539; Malmedy massacre,
393; manpower shortage, impact on,
382-83, 390; Montgomery's part in,
345-46; Patton's relief movement in,
548; Soviet assistance for, 591; supply
deliveries, effect on, 393-94; U.S.
troops, quality of fighting by, 392-93,
472,480
Bull, Harold R., 542-43, 550, 551, 577,
578-79
Bullard, Robert L., 210-11
Bullitt, William C., 333-34, 386,597,601
Bundy, Charles W., 626
Burghley, Lord and Lady, 554
Burke, Edward R., 302
Burress, Withers A., 249
Bush, Vannevar, 596
Butler, Smedley D., 594
Byrnes, James F., 403, 423, 469,528,561
609-10; photo of, 432(#60)
*
631
Caffey, B. F., photo of, 208(#21)
Cairo Conference (1943): Churchill's military decisions after, 396; ChurchillMarshall discussions at, 552; location
secrecy, lack of, 287; LSTs, disposition
of, 364; supreme allied commander,
decision re, 343-44
Calbeck, J. H., photo of, 208(#21)
California, University of, 557
Camp Perry, Ohio, shooting matches at,
154
Canada, troops in Italy, 411
Capra, Frank,463-64,481
Carnegie, Andrew, 106
Carter, Marshall S., 6, 12, 16,561-62
Carter, William H., 120
Casablanca Conference (1943): invasion
currency debate, 616; secrecy of, 287;
unconditional surrender idea at, 616;
U.S. staffing at, 608, 613
Catlett family, 61
Catron, Thorn, photo of, 208(#21)
Cattelain, F., photo of, 208(#21)
Chaffee, Adna R, 448
CHAMPION Operation (1944), 374
Chandler, Albert 8., 625
Chang Hsueh-liang, 367
Chaplains, 323-25
Chavez, Dennis, 530
Chennault, Claire L., 366, 372-73, 376,
567,604-5,609,615-16
Chiang Kai-shek: British attitude toward,
364; M's protests to re mob violence,
575; M's relations with, 607; photo of,
432(#62); popularity of, 576
Chiang Kai-shek, Madame, 367; M's relations with, 607; photo of, 432(#62);
Slim, attitude re, 364; U.S. troops for
China, pressure re, 604, 605; visits
mob violence victims, 575
Chicago, Illinois, 32, 33, 135-36
Chicago Tribune, 579-80
China: aircraft for, 604; British opinion of
war effort by, 615-16; British opposition to U.S. supplies for, 368; conflict
of U.S. leaders in, 567; corruption in
Nationalist government, 607; military
leaders, quality of, 607; Roosevelt's
interest in, 372; Tientsin assignment
of M (1924-27),119; troops, fighting
632
"*
MARSHALL
China (continued)
ability of, 366; WilIkie, problems
caused by, 522; Yalta agreement re,
403, 405. See also Marshall: China
Mission
Chinese language, M's ability in, 102,
118-19
Christian Science Monitor, 488
Churchill, Mrs. Winston S., 463-64
Churchill, Winston S.: ABDA Command,
opposition to, 595; and ARCADIA Conference, 357-·58; attitude toward M,
520, 552, 581; British history, knowledge of, 552-54; British morale, role in
maintaining, 288; Dill's role in communication with M, 413-14, 622-23;
eastern Mediterranean, desires operations in, 321, 397, 590, 620; Italy,
influence on operations in, 396, 540,
549; language, mastery of, 325; marshal's rank for M, jokes re, 456; military advisers, conservatism of, 624;
photos of, 432(#41, 44, 47, 56); pressure on commanders from, 540-41,
593; second front, pressures from U.S.
re, 580-81; SHAEF commander,
appointment of, 344, 345, 401-2;
Southeast Asia, unity of command in,
357-58, 600--601; special units, interest in, 467-68; Stalin message (1942),
anger re, 418; tactics for dealing with,
552-54; "Why We Fight" films, interest in, 463-64; WWI casualties, influence on WWII strategy, 588, 601-2
Citizens' Military Training Camps, 299
Civil War: cavalry, Union army's use of,
465; criticisms of leaders afterwards,
407; generals of, 348; leadership, quality of, 473; Lincoln's struggle to maintain army, 443; memories of in M's
youth,84
Clark, Grenville, 202-3, 299, 304
Clark, Mark W.: ability as trainer, 465;
Army GHQ executive, 305-6; JapaneseAmerican regiment, use of, 470; loyalty of, 590; North Africa, politics of,
584; lOth Mountain Division, use of,
551; and TORCH Operation, 386
Clark (George Rogers) Expedition (177879),30-31
INTERVIEWS
Clemenceau, Georges, 237-39
Codes and cryptanalysis: Japanese intentions, M's reading of, 420; loss of codes
by 28th Division, 394; message handling, carelessness with, 409-11; peace
feelers, messages re, 425; PURPLE
decryption, leak to Dewey campaign
re,409-11
Cohen, Benjamin V., 560
Colby, Bainbridge, 247-48
Coles, Elizabeth P., 34, 94; photo of,
208(#10)
Collins, J. Lawton, 370, 449, 544
Colmar, Germany, 556
Columbia River, 474
Columbia University, 336
Combined Chiefs of Staff and Churchill,
321,621
Command and General Staff School. See
Fort Leavenworth army schools
Conant, James B., 559
Congress: air interests of, 252-53, 298,
340; appropriations, 293, 441, 484-·
85, 512-13, 609; arms producaon,
pressures to reduce, 245-46, 388-89;
army budget reductions, 328-29, 515;
army training procedures, criticisms
of, 535; artillery types, pressures re,
446; atomic bomb development,
appropriations for, 421-22; chief of
staff, discretionary funds for, 242, 600;
Infantry rifle, controversy re, 447;
lieutenant-generals bill, 347-49;
maneuvers, funding for, 469; manpower, problems of, 390, 627; mobilization, pressures on M to speed, 297;
munitions inquiry (1930s), 270; Pershing and M prepare for hearings, 247;
pressure on War Department for
action, 616; service-time extension
bill, 286-87, 302-3, 307-8; Soviet
policies, effects on appropriations,
441; Stimson protects M from requests
by, 621; testimony, methods of, 355;
troop rotation and leave, influence on,
494-95, 599; weapons, political pressure on army re, 262-63, 447; Yalta
Conference, later political reaction to,
406-7
-relations with M: aids Pershing at hear-
Index
Ings, 199; atomic bomb appropriations
and secrecy, 421·-23; criticizes M for
excessive army training, 462; Darlan
episode explanation, 487,597; defends
Eisenhower from political pressures
from, 346; five-star rank, M's opposition to, 456; free cotton seeds anecdote, 57; navy, problems re, 594;
secrecy, difficulty in maintaining, 320;
supplies for allies (Walsh amendment),
263-64, 288, 317; testimony, M's
effectiveness at, 535, 592, 609-10;
trust in M, 331-32, 575, 582, 594, 600;
weapons controversies, 447-48
Connally, Tom, 346-49, 528,625
Connecticut Maneuver Campaign (1912),
159
Conner, Fox, 199, 240, 243, 247; photos
of, 208(#23-24, 27)
Connor, William D., 536-37
Coolidge, Calvin, 109
Craig, Malin, 252, 340, 346, 347, 489,
591; First Corps chief of staff (WWl),
224; M's first meeting with, 145; supports M for chief of staffs post, 312
Cub Scouts, visit with Secretary of State
M, 46-47; photo of, 432(#66)
Cunningham, Sir Andrew 8., 621; photo
of,432(#56)
Czechoslovakia, U.S. advance into, 41617
Dakar, Senegal, 386, 584
Danville, Va., M's teaching in, 94
Darlan,Jean,385-86,487,584,597
Davies, John Paton, Jr., 366
Davis, Chester R., 579
Davis, Elmer, 485, 610
Davis, George C., photo of, 208(#21)
Davis, Robert C., photo of, 208(#27)
Dawes, Charles G., 107-8, 250
Deane, John R,339,623
Debeney, Marie Eugene, 213, 231, 236
Decorations, ribbons, and medals, 49092,498,500
De Gaulle, Charles, 611; British attitude
re, 326; civil government arrangements, disruption of, 603, 616; influ-
'*
633
ence on U.S. policy re France, 333; M's
attitude re, 394, 616; St. Pierre and
Miquelon, seizure of, 509-10; TORCH,
not informed of, 597, 601
Del Monte, Callf., training camp, 178-81
De Lattre de Tassigny, Jean, 333
Demobilization (WWII): officers, reduction and relief of, 454; plans, collapse
of, 493-97, 537-38; point system for
troops, 494; troop demonstrations re,
538
Democracy: citizen-soldiers, political
power of, 147; training for at school
and work, 44
Devers, Jacob L., 565, 627
Dewey, Thomas E., 409-11
De Witt, John 1.., 152, 588, 598
Dickman, Joseph T., 228-29, 231
Dill, Sir John G., 540; and ARCADIA Conference, 357-58, 600; British preparations for Casablanca, warns M re, 608;
Christmas dinner at M's, 509-10;
Churchill, relations with, 463-64,
622-23; honorary degrees arranged by
M for, 623; Middle East, reinforcement
of, 518; photo of, 432(#47); relations
with M, 412-14, 551, 622-23; travels
with M, 554, 580; White Sulphur
Springs hospital stay of, 506
Disraeli, Benjamin, 552
Dogs,41-42,44-45,52
Donald, W. H., 607
Donovan, William J., 299,300,483-85
Douglas, Sir Sholto, 368, 605
Douglas, William 0., 344-45
Doyle, Arthur Conan, 67-68, 103, 165
Draft: bill favored by M, 201, 305; leadership in passing bill, 302; M opposed to
sudden massive draft, 201, 204, 300,
304, 481; National Guard, needed to
strengthen, 255; post-WWII need for,
257
Drum, Hugh A.: China assignment, rejection of, 605; First Army Report (WWI),
250; WWI role of, 220-21, 224, 227,
229
Duke, Basil, 58, 63, 107
Dulles, Allen W., 338
Dulles, John Foster, 9
Dutch Guiana, 519
634
I
:1
'j
:1
1
:.1
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PI
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I'
1
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if
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Iiil
;1,
'I
ii!(
I
*
MARSHALL
Early, Jubal T., 84, 99-100
Early, Stephen, 15, 593, 599
Eden,AnthonY,326,616,621
Education, public, value of, 44
Edward VIII and Mrs. Simpson, Churchill
re,554
Eisenhower, DWight D.: British, relations
with, 508, 584; Carthage debate
(December 1943), 540; chief of staffs
job, reluctant to accept immediately
(1945), 454; Churchill accepts at M's
urging, 627; Churchill's pressure on,
400-401, 541; Elbe River, halts Allied
advance at, 399; governmental organization, comment re, 562; invites M to
see quality of army, 473; M's early
interest in, 470, 611, 626; M's support
for, 414, 540; Malta Conference, visits
M prior to, 550; and maneuvers of
1941, 461; Montgomery, relations
with, 345, 391; Negro troops, use of,
390, 500; Normandy, move of headquarters to, 386-87, 540; North Africa,
political problems in, 584; OVERLORD,
JCS role in, 577; Patton, relations
with, 387-88; Philippines, duty with
MacArthur in, 611; photos of, 432(#46,
50, 52, 62); press, relations with, 488;
promotion policy of, 498; relief of officers by, 455; SHAEF commander,
appointment as, 344; Soviets, relations with, 508; staffs influence on,
624; strategy re taking Berlin and
Prague, 416-17; TORCH operation,
386,582
Elizabeth II, 165
Eltinge, LeRoy, 199
Ely, Hanson E., 152
Embick, Stanley D., 340,518,522,626
Erickson, Hjalrnar, 229; photo of, 208(#21)
European Recovery Program. See Marshall Plan
Evatt, H. v., 435-36
Ferguson, Homer, 410
Fish, Sidney, photo of, 208(#21)
Fishing, 33, 63-64, 77, 145,548
Fitzsimmons, Frank, 48
Ii!
I
I
i
INTERVIEWS
Flying, 310-11, 557
Flying Tigers, 604. See also Chennault,
Claire L.
Foch, Ferdinand, 219, 239-40, 450
Fontainebleau, France, 232
Football, 86,93, 109, 119-20,613
Forrestal, James V., photo of, 432(#60)
Fort Benning, Ga., 511-12. See also
Infantry School
Fort Clark, Tex., 144-45
Fort Defiance, Ohio, 32
Fort Douglas, Utah, 177
Fort Hollablrd, Md., 613
Fort Knox, Ky., 364
Fort Leavenworth, Kans., 159
Fort Leavenworth army schools: airmen's
reluctance to attend, 311; attend, M
seeks permission to, 150; Cavalry vs.
Infantry at, 151; competition level at,
153, 160; complex orders and regulations, tendency for, 543; evaluation by
M of, 161; German model for, 151,
153; graduation necessary to attend
War College, 311; importance of training for M, 160; Infantry and Cavalry
School, 152-53; preparation of M for,
151, 156-57; reform of, 306, 605;
School of the Line, name change of,
152; social life at, 158; Staff College,
competition for admission to, 153;
study habits learned by Mat, 157, 160;
success of Mat, 39; tactical problems
at, 151-52; training manuals, reform
of, 306; WWI conduct, influence on,
157-58, 160-61
Fort Logan H. Roots, Ark., 166
Fort McKinley, P.l., 137, 175
Fort Necessity, 29-30
Fort Reno, Okla., 144-47, 149-50
Fort Sill, Okla., 242, 451
Foulois, Benjamin D., 163
Fox, William J., 2-3
France: aircraft sales by U.S. to, 5i4-15;
civilian supply needs of, 393; decorations, U.S, soldiers' efforts to get, 500;
Free French, rearming of, 611; IndoChina, Roosevelt's attitude re, 567;
labor strikes during M's visits as secretary of state, 560; leaders, M's acquaintance with, 237 39, 333; M's attitude
Index
re, 191-92, 385-86; North African
commanders, U.S. lack of influence
on, 584; partisans in, 465-66; Soviet
attitude toward, 325; U.S. aversion to
postwar responsibility for, 333
-army: Aerial Division, 234; "en
principe," M's reaction to phrase,
209-10; expectations re U.S. troops,
238-39; morale in 1918, 212; Moroccan Division, 200, 239; promotion,
speed of, 228; relations with U.S.
Army, 205-9; troop-moving efficiency
of,232
Franeo-Prussian War, 153, 155-56
Fredendall, Lloyd R., 616
Frederika, Queen of Greece, 621
Freehoff, William F., photo of, 208(#33)
French language, M's ability in, 214,23637
Frick, Henry C., 69, 106
Froisy, France, 233--34
Frontier tradition, influence on army of,
30,260,280
Fuller, J. F. C., 528, 542
Fuqua, Stephen 0., 152, 210
Gadd,George,25,27-28,37,73
Gardner, Fletcher, 126-27
General Staff: air travel required by M,
310-11; airmen under-represented on,
276-77, 310-13; congressional pressure to reduce, 201, 202-3; contingency plans, danger of later publication,
624; demobilization effects on, 571;
establishment of, 121; G-2, weaknesses of, 439-41, 589, 597; opposition to air forces by, 340; plans by, M
refuses to prejudge, 622; political
duties of, 449-50; presses M to oppose
president on mobilization, 304; qualifications for membership on, 504;
quality of, 505, 572; rotation of officers on, reasons for, 200; secretary,
role of, 504; strategic briefings for M,
methods of, 352-55; U.S. Navy, officer
exchanges sought with, 504; VMI
alumni on, 626; woman added to,
337-38; War Plans Division, personnel
tI
635
of, 626; young officers on, M's
attempts to get, 504-5
Geneva, Pa., 46
George VI, 520-21
George, C. J. (aide), 6-7, 8, 11, 12, 16,
504
Germany: air force, 298; artillery production in, 517; Bavarian National
Redoubt, possibility of, 398-99; bitterness in U.S. toward, 326; command
relationship, quality of; 451; Latin
American influence of, 284-85; occupation of, 332; occupation zones in,
322-23, 334; Ruhr, conquest of, 323;
surrender to western Allies preferred,
508; war preparations by, 288
-army: fighting qualities of, 479, 620-21;
mass surrenders, U.S. handling of,
323-25; oral divisional orders in, 543,
prewar officer corps of, 440; 7th army
and Patton, 547, troops, characteristics of, 472; weakness on Western
Front of, 580
Gerow, Leonard T., 249, 614, 626
Giraud, Henri, 584, 597, 601, 616
Gisors, France, 232, 233
Gist, Christopher, 29
Godfrey, David E., 97-98
Gondrecourt, France, 217
Government, military. See School of Military Government
Government routine, difficulty of changing, 166
Grant, Ulysses S., 407, 621
Grant, Walter S., 220-21
Great Britain. See United Kingdom
Great White Fleet, 21
Griepenkerl, Otto F. W. T., 153, 154-55
Griffith, H., photo of, 208(#21)
Griswold, O. W., photo of, 208(#21)
Groves, Leslie R., 421
Guadalcanal, 352, 370, 380, 412, 523-24,
584,615
Hagan, John C., 7
Hagood,Johnson, 173, 177,543
Haig, Sir Douglas, 240
Halifax, Lord, 510
"W'
:: I
636
-(:(
MARSHALL
Halsey, William F., 365-·66, 376-78, 397,
568,609
Halstead, Laurence, 174, 177
Handy, Thomas T., 249,626
Harbord, James G., 90, 112, 188
Harding, Edwin F., 370--71; photos of,
208(#29, 33)
Harding, Warren G., 107, 187, 248, 250
Harriman, W. Averell, 335, 623
Harrison, Ross G., 423, 425
Harvard University, 336, 558
Haskell, Helen, 56
Hastings, Warren, trial of, 553-54
Hawaiian Islands: aircraft reinforcements
for, 293; defense of, 274; navy overall
command desired by M, 595
Heffner, William J. (aide), 8--10
Heintzelman, Stuart, 537
Henderson, D. L., photo of, 208(#21)
Henderson, Leon, 445
Herron, Charles D., 152,470
Hershey, Louis B., 502
Hess, Rudolf, 553-54
Hill, John P., photo of, 208(#21)
Hillman, Sidney, 445
Hines, John L., photo of, 208(#18)
Hiss, Alger, 405
History: reading interests of M as child,
81; teaching in Uniontown schools of,
30
Hobby, Oveta Culp, 363-64
Hodges, Courtney H., 387
Hodson, Fremont B., photo of, 208(#33)
Hoffman, Paul G., 560
Hollandia operations, 378
HoImes, Charles B., photo of, 208(#21)
Holmes, J. B., photo of, 208(#21)
Homestead (Pa.) strike, 106
Hoover, Herbert, 248
Hopkins, Harry L., 431, 477-78; health
of, 581, M, relations with, 604; role of,
332, 418, 433-34, 608; and Soviet
lend-lease, 319, supreme commander's job, feels out M re, ,143-44; and
Teheran Conference, 342; visits U.K
with M, 580
Homer, Henry, 579
Hossfeld, Henry, 130
Houston, USS, 328, 515
Howard, Roy, 575
INTERVIEWS
Huebner, Clarence R., 543
Hugo, Jean, 206, 209, 217
Hull, Cordell, 521, 756
Hull, John E., 243,338--39, 534, 625, 626
Humphrey, C. B., 134
Hurley, Patrick J., 513, 565-57
Husted family, 74
Ice cream powder for army, 578
Illinois National Guard, 256
India, M's knowledge of, 553-54, 555
Indian wars (U.S.), 31-33
Indo-China, French return to, 567
Industrial mobilization, 331, 444, 517-18
Infantry divislons, time required to prepare and transport, 591, 598
-1st (WWl): Oantigny sector, fighting in,
236-37; casualties of, 233; French flyers, careful treatment of, 234; French
impressions of, 190-91; German offensive of 1918, movements re, 232-34;
German raid defeated by, 238; MeuseArgonne concentration, 222-23; readiness of, 189-90, 260; Sedan affair,
227-29; staff of, 152; training in
France of, 192,232-33, 537; transfers
of officers from, 193; trip to France of,
189-93
-1st, 512; 2d, 233; 3d, 233, 511, 556;
10th Mountain, 551, 594, 598; 27th,
484, 530 31; 28th 394, 578; 42d,
227-29,243; 90th, 613-14
Infantry Journal, 158
Infantry regiments: 4th, 166; 30th, 12930, 144, 208(#13)
Infantry School (Fort Benning, Ga.),
542-45,605
Inspector General's Department, 458
Isla de Negros (Philippine ship), 121-24,
131-32
Ismay, Sir Hastings, 621, 623
Italy, 411,482-83
Iwo Jima, importance of, 428
Jackson, Andrew, 28
Jackson, Stonewall (Thomas J.), influence on M of, 99
Index
Jahn, Gunnar, photo of, 432(#71)
Japan: attitude of U.S., problems with
changes in, 326-27; defeat, U.S. plans
for, 369; invasion, U.S. plans for, 424;
and Kwantung Army, 351; navy, effects
of broken codes on, 410-11; occupation, struggle for control of, 244,
377-78; peace feelers to Soviets, 425;
pressures to end war with U.S., 420;
Soviet Union, fighting in Manchuria
by, 351; troops, characteristics of, 472
-surrender: refusal of troops to, 428;
unexpected suddenness of, 496, 538;
U.S. nced to shock into, 423-25,447
Japanese Americans: fighting units of, need
for, 470-71; internment of, 509
Jeep, development of, 267, 449
Joan of Arc, 214
Joffre, Joseph J., 194, 237, 239
Johnson, Hugh A., 270
Johnson, Louis A., 312, 503, 621-22
Johnson, Philip G., 310, 620
Joint Army-Navy Board, 511
Joint Chiefs of Staff: Air Forces membership on, 298,314-15, 358, 431, 595,
601; Leahy's role on, 431-33; political
diplomatic issues, consideration of,
414-15,617
Jouatte, Mme, 217-18
Juin,Alphonse,333,584,597,601
Jumonville, defeat of, 33
Jungle warfare, 266
Kaskaskia, seizure of (1778), 30-31
Keehn, Roy D., 579-80
Kennan, George F., 559--63
Kilpatrick (army transport), 121
King, Campbell, 152, 211; photo of,
208(#18)
King, Ernest J., 337; atomic bomb cost,
shock re, 424; British assistance in
Pacific, opposition to, 376, 428; JCS,
disapproves of Leahy's role on, 43132, 624; photos of, 432(#41, 44, 47,
52, 53, 55, 56); relations with M,
434-35, 593; relations with secretary
of the navy, 622; Soviet help against
•
-(:(
637
Japan, stand re, 404; TORCH, approves
of, 581; U.K. visit with M (July 1942),
580-81
King, Mackenzie, photo of, 432(#47)
Kinkaid, Thomas C., 378-79
Kinney, George C., 245
Kipling, Rudyard,96
Knights of Columbus, 200
Knox, Frank,521,622
Knox, Philander C., 46, 85
Knudsen, William S., 329, 445
Korean War: air superiority not enough
in, 290-91; production, lead time for,
293; troop preparation, time for, 442;
weakness of U.S. position in, 327
Krock, Arthur, 527
Krueger, Walter, 157, 579
Kuegle, Albert S., photo of, 208(#27)
Kuter, Laurence S., photo of, 432(#56)
Labor, army relations with, 445
Lafollette, Philip F., 353
Landing craft and LSTs, 364, 415, 611
Lane, D. T., photo of, 208(#21)
Language problems in negotiations, 210
Language teaching, weaknesses in, 102
Lanham, Charles T., 543
Latin America, German threat to, 28485,584
Lawyers, 561
Leadership: action demanded of in democratic society, 622; danger of "dashing" action, 387-88; lessons of VMI re,
116-18; personal follow-up, necessity
of,450
League of Nations, 247
Leahy, William D.: atomic bomb development, knowledge of, 422, 424; Japan
invasion, attitude re, 568; JCS chairman, M's role in arranging, 431-33,
623-24; joke by M backfires, 336;
Petain, attitude re, 385; photos of,
432(#47, 53, 55-56); Soviet help
against Japan, attitude re, 404; Yalta,
role at, 403
Lear, Ben: manpower mission to Europe,
390-91, 532, 578; Yoo-hoo incident
and the press, 487
638
*
MARSHALL
Leard, Emil W., photo of, 208(#33)
Lee, John C. H., 533, 626-27
Lee, Robert K, 99, 407
Lehrbas, Lloyd A., 579
Lend-lease, 318--19; influence on army of,
339; reverse lend-lease, role of, 446;
Soviet behavior, use proposed to
affect, 574; testimony by M re, 574-75
Leviathan (army transport), 531
Lexington, Va.: age of town, 34, 94; cadet
activities in, 96-97; changes since M
was cadet, 98; Pershing's visit to, 99
Life magazine, 286,303,308,410,462
Liggett, Hunter, 177, 508
Lilysville, Ga., 489
Lincoln, George A. 572,590
Lindburgh, Charles A., 270
Lindsey, Catharine, 28-29, 73
Liston, Howard J., photo of, 208(#33)
Ljubljana Gap, 549-50
Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr., 299
Lothian, Lord, 523
Lovett, Robert A., 12, 563; photo of,
432(#65)
Lualjadi, Eduardo, 136
Luce, Clare Boothe, 353, 592
Luce, Henry R, 575
Luray, Va., land speculation in, 69-70
Lutz, R H., photo of, 208(#21)
Maastricht, Netherlands, 538-39
MacArthur, Arthur, 183
MacArthur, Douglas, 327; ANvIL (1944),
opposition to, 556; atomic bomb development, knowledge of, 423; Australia,
arrival in (1942), 244; Australians, relations with, 509; capture by 1st Division
(1918), 229; European theater, reluctant to accept officers from, 429; Far
East army forces, M proposes as commander of, 295; history, penchant for
writing for, 625; hostility to, denied by
M, 243-45; Japan invasion, attitude re,
569-70; Japan occupation, command
of, 377-78; Medal of Honor, 244-45,
377; navy, attitude re, 365, 376-77,
569; Philippines, evacuation of, 609;
Philippines, reinforcements for, 29192; political ambitions of, 608-9; reprimand by M softened by staff, 605; and
INTERVIEWS
Soviet attack in Manchuria (1945),
351, 405-6; and St. Mihiel operation
(1918), 221; staffs attitude re outsiders, 427; strategy, M approves of,
365-66, 376, 428; supplies, shortages
of, 245; temperament of, 365-66, 6089; visitors to theater, restrictions on
427
MacNider, Hanford, 566
Madison Barracks, N.Y., 162
Malta Conference, 400-401,540-41,550
Maneuver Division (Texas, 1911), 162, 166
169-70
Manhattan Project, 421. See also Atomic
bomb
Map problems, Metz and Gettysburg,
153-54
March, Peyton C., 112-13, 248, 268-69,
507
Marshall, Elizabeth C. (first wife), xi; dating M at VMI, 91, 94, 102; death, 94;
health, 94, 167; musical ability, 94;
Philippine tour (1913-16), 171; photos
of, 208(#10-11, 16)
Marshall, George C.: accent of, 101-2;
brevity, interest in, 543-45; briefings
and press conferences, ability at, 35456; civilian awards received, xiv; dancing, 36, 68 69, 96; European vacation
(1910), 162, 165, 167-69,232; gardening, interest in, 23-25, 53, 57, 149-50,
519-20; hand-eye coordination, weakness of, 40; honeymoon (1902), 94-95;
honorary degrees, xiv, 336-38; horseback riding, 107, 110-11, 142, 158,
246-47; hunting, 29, 77, 145, 158, 596,
599-600; interviewed by Pogue, 6-17;
interviews for Pogue, weaknesses in,
473-74; Jaeger underwear in WWI,
189; liquor, drinking of, 111, 133, 138,
142; memoirs of World War I, 10-11;
memory for names, 474, 606; modesty
of, 603; personalities, reluctance to
comment on, 425, 524-25; photographs and papers, loss of, 65; planning and execution, relation of, 527,
556, 558, 562-63; plot alleged to make
vice-president, 453-54; postwar criticisms, response to, 570; presidential
candidate, support as, 344-45; public
speaking, early problems With, 55;
relaxation on air trips, 450--51; rules
and limits, tolerance of, 97, 115, 146;
Index
servants of, 131, 146; subtlety needed
in bureaucratic dealings, 262-63; swearing by, 548; temper, political necessity
of holding, 450; Virginian, M's view of
self as, 250
-·anecdotes by:
-childhood: ant trail, 61-62; Bli-gun
holdup and escape, 38; cockfight
raid, escape from, 37-38; ferry sinking and nonpaying girls, 22; fighting
with bees, 56; fired as church organ
pumper, 54·-55; first look at the
world, 19-20; flower selling, middleman's problems re, 25; geological
survey and the bird, 34-36; military
adventure (cow's attack), 77; poolroom and keeping your mouth shut,
40; raising tomatoes for sale, 23-24;
restaurant operating, 26
--VMl: strawberry shortcake silence, 9798; Washington trip re army examination permission, 85
-early career: Calapan track meet and
show, 127-29; crocodile-stream scare,
141; Del Monte sporting set's training, 178-81; grasshopper pate, 17677; Isla de Negros and the typhoon,
123; Soapsuds Row, painting of, 147,
149-50; "Trip" (dog) remembers M,
41-42
-WWl and interwar years: Brazil
orphanage visit, 271-72; "Daddy
Long-Legs" story encourages brevity,
544-45; 1st Division defended
against Pershing, 197-98; 1st Division review (1917),194-96; Pershing
at New Market battlefield, 84--85;
telephone operator's job saved,
i86-87; whiskey for Senator Moses,
III
--WWlI: Admiral King kept waiting,
435-36; army camp town, M's experience with, 489; barber's briefing re
Ljubljana Gap, 550; chaplain and
surrendering Germans, 324-25;
falling asleep during SWNCC meeting, 521; Mme Jouatte's American
visitors, 217-18; Yalta gifts and purchases, 506-7
--post-WWII: Amherst College speech,
unprepared for, 336-37; Brown University commencement, 338; buying
the Packard with Chester Davis, 579;
fr:
639
Cub Scouts' visit re feeding Europe,
46-47
-challenges, meeting of: Batangas maneuver supplies (1914), 173; Calapan track
meet and show (1902), 127-29; criticizing citizens' camp training (1916),
178-81; crocodile-stream scare (1902),
141; defending 1st Division against Pershing (1917), 197-98; FDR's desire for
aircraft (1938), 108-9; ferryboat sinking and nonpaying girls (late 1880s),
22; silence given at VMI (1901), 97-98;
tank design controversy (1941), 28990; training camps, supplies for (1917),
184--86
-childhood and adolescence: athletic
ability of, 86, 109-10, 120; bicycle riding, 45-46; card games, 22, 56; chicken
raising, 57 58; Christmas, 79-80; cockfighting, interest in, 24-25, 27, 36-37;
defective arm, 86, 89, 109-10; diseases
and illnesses, 43, 110; education, primary, 28-29, 39, 43-44, 76, 81-82;
farming, knowledge of, 45; first memories of, 19-20; Fourth of July, 80;
friends, description of, 73-75; isolation
from world, 46-48; Kodak camera, use
of, 24; large feet of, 83; musical ability
of, 82, 105-6; nickname of, 72-73, 75;
political interests and views, 52, 71;
Ponderosa tomato, naming of, 23-24;
root beer, making and selling, 27;
spelling, ability in, 28-29, 73; swimming, 43. See also M: reading, books,
and periodicals
-children, M and: baseball team in the
Philippines, 174; Brazil orphanage visit,
271-72; Cub Scouts visit secretary of
state, 46-47
--reading, books, and periodicals: Everyman's Library, 552, 554; G. A. Henty
books, 555; histories, 81; newspapers
read as chief of staff, 486; reading as a
child, 54-55, 58, 67-68, 76, 83-84,
103, 107, 110; reading at VMI, 95-96;
reading on air trips, 451; Sir Nigel
series, 113, 165; westerns, 45; WWlI,
reading on, 606
-career:
--U.S. Army (1902-45): aide assignments, reasons for, 177-78, 215,
508; aide to Pershing, 239-40; aides
to M, 503-4; air forces, becomes
640
~
MARSHALL
Marshall, George C. (continued)
familiar with, 276, 310 13; assignments, xi-xiii; attacks red tape in
France (1919), 531-32; command
experience, lack of, 590; croix de
guerre, 491; decision to have career,
58, 89, 115; decorations listed,
xiii-xiv; dengue fever (1903), 137;
extemporaneous presentations, ability at, 405--6; first battle experience
of, 200; flexibility, need for, 539;
Governors Island political pressures
(1917),181-82,184-86; hardest service, 144; Infantry Journal, associate editor of, 158; Infantry School,
535, 542-45; learning to work
rapidly, 186; Leavenworth's impact
on, 156-57; low profile, need for at
times, 166; offices in Washington,
503; paperwork, early introduction
to, 142-43; personal inspection,
necessity of, 450-51, 512, 579; praising efficiency in minor jobs, need for,
187-88; promotion, delays in, 211,
213, 215, 507-8; ranks held and
dates, xi-xiii; sense of humor, need
for, 144; simplification of procedure,
insists on, 542-45; spit-and-polish,
.
role of, 251-52
-chief of staff (1939-45): age issue, M
suggests he resign over, 477-78;
appointment as, 312; around-theworld trip (1943), 591; atomic bomb,
use on Japan of, 424-25; Australia
and New Zealand, acts as go-between
for, 435; biennial report (1941),535,
594, 600; bridge over Rhine named
for, 538; busy schedule of, 591; casualties, letters to parents of, 529-30;
decorations, refusal of during war,
335-36; directives, follow-up necessary for, 512; European aristocracy,
acquaintance with, 585, 592; European trip (1944), 246, 354; five-star
rank, M's opposition to, 456; flying,
importance of, 450-51; foreign policy, M worries little re (1939-41),
204; hardest function as chief of
staff, 556; health of, 578; "I" used in
cables, 541; inspections, need for
numerous, 379-80; London trips
(1942),434,437,580,584-85; major
general's rank, promotion to, 312;
INTERVIEWS
naval officers, relations with, 570,
593; Negro troops, M's mistake re,
458-59, 499; Netherlands Antilles,
defense of, 519-20; promotion-relief
policies, enemies made by, 454; PX
system, establishment of, 358-61;
relief, desire for (1945),454; resignation, threats of, 203, 300, 502-3,
591; salary as, 218; status of chief of
staff in War Department, 315-16;
stepsons and the army, 497-98, 585;
supreme allied commander, possibility of appointment as, 341, 343-45,
582-83, 592; VMI alumni secretary,
warns not brag re grads, 249, 626;
WWIl, most trying time of, 523
---China Mission (1945-47): Chang
Hsueh-llang, possible role of, 367;
Chiang Kai-shek, relations with, 607;
KMT-CCP quarrel re Japanese equipment, 367; language problems in
negotiations, 210, 607; M's knowledge of Chinese language during,
118; mob violence, M protests re,
575
-Secretary of State (1947-49): attitudes re Europe, problem with
changes in Ll.S,, 326; bipartisanship,
criticized for lack of, 527; flying,
near-accident during, 557; Moscow
Foreign Ministers Conference (1947),
342, 524, 561; NATO, rejects de Lattre for command in, 333; salary as,
218; speeches at commencements
as, 336-38; visit to Mme Jouatte,
218. See also Marshall Plan
-Secretary of Defense (1950-51):
interservice squabbles, 311; Korea,
visit to, 525; State Department, relations With, 576; supply lead times,
339; trained troops, time needed to
produce, 627; and defense cuts, 572
Marshall, George C., Sr. (father), xi, 21, 23,
24; appearance of, 65; assassination
attempt on, 106; Augusta (Ky.) home
of, 62; character of, 67; Civil War, participation in, 58, 63; coke interests of,
69; death of, 163; father of, 103-4; fraternal orders, membership in, 63;
genealogy, interest in, 60-61, 86, 104;
history lessons given by, 29-30; hunting and fishing trips with M, 29, 63-64;
land speculation in Virginia, failure of,
Index
69-70; M's school accomplishments,
impatience re, 39; moves to Pennsylvania, 34, 63, 69; new things, interest in,
27; photo of, 208(#10); political activities of, 71, 89; Saturday entertaining in
Uniontown, 54; social acceptance in
Uniontown, 71; winter sledding by, 51
Marshall, John (chief justice), 60, 86
Marshall, Katherine T. (second wife), xi,
28; aides, problems re lack of, 504; M's
relaxation, displeasure with interference with, 596-97, 599-600; Patton's
outrageousness, comment re, 545, 582;
photos of, 208(#35), 432(#39, 49, 60,
63, 70); secrets, M does not tell, 585;
speech by, on training of soldiers,
370-71, 371; visits Mme Jouatte in
France, 218
Marshall, Laura B. (mother), xi; character
. of, 37-38, 65, 67; cockfighting, opposition to, 24-25; dogs, fondness for, 52;
family of, 59-60; father of, 103-4;
home after husband's death, 65, 16364; husband's experimenting, objections to, 27; musical ability of, 82, 105;
pays for M to go to VMI, 70; photo of,
208(#10); radio set for, 164-65; Saturday entertaining in Uniontown, 54;
social acceptance in Uniontown,' 71
Marshall, Marie L. (sister), xi, 11, 28, 56,
67,68-69,82,105; photos of, 208(#23,10)
Marshall, S. L. A., 3-4, 6
Marshall, Stuart B. (brother), xi, 19, 3940, 58, 59-60, 76-77, 78-79, 82, 105;
photos of, 208(#2, 10)
Marshall Plan: dissertation written about,
614; European reaction expected to,
558-59; farmers, reasons for opposition
to, 556-57; Harvard speech, 336,
558-59; idea for, few consulted re, 559;
Moscow and Europe visit, influence on
M of, 561; passage of bill, M's role in,
527, 556-59; Soviet rejection of, 559;
women's groups, role in bill's passage,
527
Martin, Edward, 578
Martin, William McChesney, Jr., 201, 299300
Masaryk, Jan, 398
Massachusetts National Guard, 159, 170-·
71
Materiel: educational orders for, 261;
"*
641
quantity production of, 291, 293; standards of manufacturing, demands for
lowering of, 304
Mathews, William R, 582
Maysville, Ky., 104
McAndrew, James W., 231-32, 531-32
McCarthy, Frank, 6-·7, 16, 248-49; duties
as secretary, General Staff, 505; fishing
trips with M, 548; visits president in
place of M, 620; Yalta Conference, gifts
and purchases at, 506-7
McCarthy, Joseph, 393, 580, 589
McCloy, John J., 244, 336-37, 570; Japanese Americans, internment of, 509;
MacArthur as Japan occupation commander, supporter of, 377-78; occupation zones in Europe, designation of,
322; segregation and Negro troops, role
re, 459, 499; Stimson, relations with,
409-10
Mcflormiek, Robert R, 557, 580
McCoy, Frank R, 189, 193,326-27
McIntosh, James, 566
McIntyre, Marvin H., 298, 595, 601
McKeany, D., photo of, 208(#21)
McKinley, William, 86
McLain, Raymond S., 578, 614
McNair, Lesley J.: M's roommate on boat to
France (1917),189; photo of, 432(#43);
training, director of, 305-6, 465; wounding and death of, 307
McNamey, Joseph T., 627; photo of,
432(#43)
Medical Corps, 457
Mellett, Lowell,463,464,485
Metropolitan Club, 444
Meuse-Argonne (i9lS): battle of, 225-26;
concentration for, 155, 160, 221-24
Meyer, Eugene, 587-88, 601
Midway, battle of, 523-24
Miles, Nelson, 100
Military Training Camps Association, 304
Miller, J. Clifford, 5
Mitchell, W. A., photo of, 208(#21)
Molly Maguires, 106
Molotov, Vyacheslav M., 343, 441, 559
Monongahela City, Pa., 59
Monte Casino, bombing of, 397
Monteiro, Pedro G6es, 271
Montgomery, Sir Bernard L., 452; Eisenhower's move to Normandy, influence
on, 386-87; and EI Alamein offensive,
594, 600; M's attitude re, 345-46, 369-
r:'
642
*
MARSHALL
Montgomery, Sir Bernard L. (continued)
70, 391; supreme commander in Europe,
possibility of becoming, 400-402
Moore, H. T., photo of, 208(#21)
Morale: air evacuation of wounded, importance of, 606; beer, production for
army of, 482, 578; civilian inspectors
monitor for M, 488; "coddling" of soldiers, 481-82; combat leaders' tendency to ignore rear areas, 539, 57778; decorations and ribbons, importance of, 490-92; education, need for,
462-64, 471, 481; foreign fighting,
problems re, 443, 529-30, 625; "forgotten" troops, 353, 482-83, 592; goinghome rumors, effects of, 471-72, 482;
"little things," importance of, 577-78;
monotony, effects of, 471; news coverage, effects of, 313, 482; over-age officers, dangers in removal of, 477-78;
pilots, War Department concern for,
438; PX, importance of establishing in
fighting zones, 360-61,482; replacements, importance of, 381, 592, 625;
spit-and-polish, effects of, 460; study
of, 488; Thanksgiving turkey dinners
for, 482; 30th Infantry field day and
show (1902), 127-29; wounded, news
of their units for, 498-99
Moran,Lord,588,602
Moreno, Aristides, photo of, 208(#27)
Morgan, Frederick E., 322, 588
Morgenthau, Henry, Jr.: aircraft sales,
handling of, 514-15; army budget,
influence on, 328-30; industrial mobilization, leadership in, 475; Roosevelt,
relations with, 515-16
Morgenthau Plan for Germany, 395, 573
Morrison,JohnR, 151-52,156-57, 160
Moses, George H., 111
Mott, John R., 362
Mountbatten, Lord Louis, 368, 580, 58485,593,605,608,611
Murphy, Frank, 297, 298
Murphy, John B., 184, 186
Murphy, Robert D., 576, 596
Mustard gas, use in WWIof, 235
National Association of Manufacturers, 557
National Defense Advisory Commission,
329,515-16
INTERVIEWS
National Guard: M as instructor with, 15862, 170-71; officers, problems re, 25556,454,578-79,607; political pressures
on, 579; preparation for service, time
needed for, 256-58; regulations, simplification needed in, 162; training, problems re, 255-56, 469; troops in WWII,
371; weaknesses in, 255-57, 619. See
also units by state
National Guard Bureau, 90
National War College, and State Department students, 562
Negroes. See African Americans
Neidert, C. W., photo of, 208(#21)
Nelson, Donald, 359, 445, 623, 624
NEPTUNE Operation (1944), 551
Netherlands Antilles, defense of, 519-20
Neufchateau, France, 214
New Mexico National Guard, 511, 530
New Orleans Times-Picayune, 95
New Zealand, 397, 435, 566, 609
Newsome, Florence T., 337-38
Nichols, Edward W., 95
Nicholson, Leonard K., 91, 93-94, 95, 117
Nimitz, Chester W., 365, 377, 609
Nivelle, Robert, 237
Norden bombsight, 514
Norstand, Lauris, 439
North African invasion (1942). See TORCH
Operation
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 333,
561
Norway, heavy-water plant in, 467,551
Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 483-85
Officer Candidate School (OCS): establishment of, 299-300, 461; expansion,
M's opposition to rapid, 481; importance of, 309
Officers: age, problem of advancing, 477,
534-35; elimination system, lack of,
533-34; lieutenant generals bill, 34749; relief from combat of, 533-34, 578;
senior pilots, domination of air forces
by, 438; temporary, handling complaints from, 483; wives, secrets told to,
585. See also National Guard
-commanders: control of, 241, 578; daring, need for, 340, 540, 612; deterioration of, without responsibility, 535;
emphasis by HQ on his zone, desire for,
Index
556, 564, 584; M's occasional anger
with, 243-44; maneuvers, importance
of, 460-61; motor transport training
for, 613; personal oversight, necessity
of, 451; physical vigor, need for, 455,
477; popularity, dangers of seeking,
371; quality of (1945), 473; rear areas,
problems re, 395-96, 532-33, 577;
reassignment and relief, problems re,
390-91, 452-53, 456; subordinates,
methods used to eliminate unwanted,
452-53; theater commanders, 478, 611;
wives, influence of, 347
-commissions: battlefield, idea for, 309;
civilian experts, handling of, 310; political pressures re, 182, 184-86; selection, WWI experience re, 269
-noncommissioned: separation from
troops, need for, 619; shortage of, 510,
535
-promotions: alternative to relief, used
as, 578; combat area vs. rear area, differences in, 213, 489-90, 497-98;
delays in, 490; ground vs. air, differences in, 313, 436; joke re rapidity of,
498, 615; Roosevelt's opposition to
increasing number of brigadier generals, 349, 490; senior colonels, accumulation of, 476-77, 533; temporary,
authority to make, 610
-staff officers: commander's attitudes,
danger of copying, 243-44, 248, 269,
373, 605; conservatism of, 340, 612,
622; harshness, danger of, 211, 241
-training: Plattsburg vs. OCS style, 202,
481; enlisted ranks, time needed in,
309; instructors, shortage of, 201-2,
480; World War I, 190-91
Officers' Reserve Corps: senior officers,
training for, 306-7; weaknesses of, 258
OHIO movement (1941), 286, 298, 303
Okinawa, battle of, 423, 428
Oklahoma (musical play), 554
O'Laughlin, John C., 591-92, 599
Ordnance Department: conservative attitude of, 268; problems of, 261, 266, 304
OVERLORD Operation (1944): bombing
preparation for, 397-98, 621; British
criticism of, 321, 528; JCS, role of, 577;
M as possible commander for, 322; preparations for, 590
*
643
Palmer, John MeA., 193-94, 251
Panama, government of, 584
Panama Canal, 284-85, 296
Paris, France, 169,193,229-30
Parish, J. C., photo of, 208(#21)
Pasco, H. Merrill, 249
Patch, Alexander M., 370
Patterson, Frederick D., 501-2
Patterson, Robert P., 202, 300, 315; photo
of,432(#60)
Patton, George S., Jr.: advance through
France (1944),217; criticized inA Bell
for Adana, 455; Egypt, draws plans for
U.S. troops to, 546, 581-82; leadership
ability of, 547-48; outrageous statements, tendency to make, 546, 582,
607; profanity of, 548; Rhine, crossing
of, 400-401; supply limitations in
France, 387; U.S. Navy, criticism of,
581; vigor, despite age of, 477, 534;
visits Mme Jouatte for M, 217-18; War
Department, encourages criticism of,
547
Patton, Mrs. George S., Jr., 607
Paul, King of Greece, 585
Pawley, William, 604
Pearl Harbor: Japanese codes and investigation of, 409; mismanagement at, 332;
patrol aircraft, shortage of, 317
Pendleton, C. P., photo of, 208(#21)
Pennsylvania: bandits in, 34; labor problems in, 106; National Guard of, 49,
158-62; Redstone Creek, 30, 31;
Youghiogheny River, 63, 77. See also
Marshall: childhood and adolescence;
Uniontown
Pentagon Building, 503
Pershing, John J.: character of, 111-12,
198-99, 240, 250; criticisms, willingness to take, 111-13, 198-99; First
Army Report, 250; and 1st Division,
194-98; General Staff, young officers
for, 504; Governors Island, visit to, 188;
influence on FDR, 476; intellectual
acuteness, deterioration of, 591, 599;
M's appointment as supreme commander in Europe, opposition to, 344, 583,
591-92; M's travels with as aide, 109,
187-88; Peyton March, attitude re,
112-13, 269; photos of, 208(#23-27);
post-WWI army reduction, response to,
571-72; presidential candidacy, possibilityof, 251; promotion of M recom-
644
-{:;:
MARSHALL
Pershing, John J. (continued)
mended by, 507; Summerall, attitude
re, 242; troop demobilization in France,
criticism re, 382, 495; U.S. Army,
impact on, 251; VMI, visit to, 84-85,
248-49; YMCA, speech defending, 362
Petain, Henri P., 239-40, 385-86
Peyton, Philip B., 91, 93-94, 117
Philippine Islands: constabulary, M invited
to head, 202, 230; defense buildup in,
291-94; grasshopper plague, 137,
175-76; invasion (1944), political considerations re, 568-69; U.S. POW's in,
530
-Insurrection of 1898-1902: army-civilian disagreements following, 139-40;
published documents studied by M re,
139-40, 171; U.S. public opinion,
changes in, 326
-M's duty in (1902-3), 121-38; Calapan,
arrival in, 124; cholera epidemic, 103,
121, 125-27; Corregidor reservation,
establishment of, 133-34; Malahi Island
Prison, 132-33; Mangarin, Mindoro,
132,134-37,140-41,142,452;Manila,
M's stay in, 121-22; Santa Mesa Garrison, 132
-M's duty in (1913-16), 171-78, 508;
Batangas maneuvers, 171-73,212; living conditions, changes in, 178; road
system, 178
Philippine Scouts, 291-92
Pinho, Jack, photo of, 432(#51)
Pitt, William, 552
Pittsburgh, Pa., 47, 59
Plattsburg movement, 182, 201-3, 299
Poague, William T., 96
Pogue, Forrest C., 579; army career 1-3;
Marshall Foundation, director of, 5-6;
Marshall's Peace Prize ceremony,
attends, 5, 7; photo of, 18; and Supreme
Command, 4-5; War Department historian,3-5
Portal, Sir Charles F., 339, 429, 592-93,
599, 601, 608; photos of, 432(#44, 47,
56)
Potsdam Conference, 432-33
Pound, Sir Dudley, 601, 608; photos of,
432(#44,47)
Powder, James W. (aide), 506-7
Preparedness: administration's need to go
slow re, 522; democratic system's
weakness re, 252-53, 441-42; effects
INTERVIEWS
on Germany of, 290; opposition to,
290,301-3; repetition of past mistakes,
205; and Spanish-American War, 100101, 191; underfunded army, effects of,
510; and World War I, 190-92
Press: army newspapers, M's attitude re,
486; army-navy squabbles and prejudice, 428; columnists and the army,
281, 283; commander relations, influence on, 486; editorial opinion, M's
knowledge of, 486; first dealings with as
chief of staff, 28; independent Air
Force, pressure for, 314; influence on
Eisenhower's move to Normandy, 38687, 540; influence on troops of, 472-73;
M invites to Cub Scouts' visit, 47; manpower demobilization, effect on, 496;
morale, influence on, 313, 353, 48283, 592; Patton's relations with, 387;
press conferences by M, 587; Red
Cross, reporters' views re, 200; secrecy
and leaks, 286, 320; State Department
planning staff, reaction to, 563; treatment by army of, 487; Victory Program
(1941), leak of, 320; war's end, assumptions re, 388; weapons controversies,
involvement in, 448. See also individual publications and reporters by name
Pritchett, O. A., photo of, 208(#21)
Prize fights, 48
Public opinion: Balkan campaign, likely
reaction to, 612; command relations,
influence on, 401-2; ground vs. air
forces, attitudes re, 281; occupation,
effects of lengthy, 326; Philippine reinforcements, army fears pressure re,
510; preparedness, M's caution re, 302;
reaction to soldiers' lack of supplies,
185; service-time extension bill (1941),
328; soldiers' views published, effects
of, 307-.8; war's end, frequent assumptions re, 625
Pyle, D. H. M., photo of, 208(#21)
Quartermaster General, 492
Quebec (OCTAGON) Conference, 568-69
Quekemeyer, John G., photos of, 208( #24,
27)
Quezon, Manuel L., 294, 326, 609
Index
Radio: messages, M's first (1911), 163,
166; set installed for mother, 164-65
Ranger units, 467
Rayburn, Sam, 594,600
Red Cross: criticisms of, 199-200,362-63;
M's traveling for, 527
Remagen Bridge (Germany), 401
Reserve Officers' Training Corps, 501-2
Rhodes, operation proposed for, 321, 621
Ridgway, Matthew B., 272, 429, 465, 468
Rifle, controversy over, 447
Roberts,Frank,570
Robyn, Alfred G., 82
Rome, M's visits to, 167-68
Roosevelt, Franklin D.: aircraft production, interest in, 108--9,446, 476; and
army budget, 328--30,517-18; attempts
to call M "George," 108--9; Balkans,
interest in, 339, 590; Casablanca Conference, opposes large staff for, 608;
caution re troops for "sideshows, " 545;
China, interest in, 372, 604; Churchill,
communications with, 413; congressmen's dislike of, 303, 331-32, 582-83;
conspiracy to get U.S. into war, M re,
522; dislikes having issues on record,
373, 623; Embick, attitude toward,
522; field commanders, contact with,
401, 541, 605; influences on, 372, 450,
590; Leahy's role as chief of staff to,
431-32; leased bases, rejects army construetion program in, 522; M's relations
with, 109,203, 297,302,304,329-31,
343-44, 349, 415, 449, 453, 515-17,
551, 590, 620, 627; M's resignation for
age, rejection of, 478; military governors, deployment delayed, 454-55;
mobilization, reluctance to press, 29799, 301; navy, relations with, 259, 282,
610-11; photos of, 432(#41, 44, 47, 55,
56); physical appearance at Yalta, 402,
406; political gestures, influence on
military policy of, 415, 590, 599; quarantine of aggressors speech, 270; secretiveness of, 413; Stalin, message of 5
April 1945 to, 417; supreme allied commander, decision re, 344; tactics for
dealing with, 282, 418--19, 476, 51617, 620; TORCH and 1942 election campaign, 593; unfavorable documents,
handling of, 373; "Why We Fight" films,
interest in, 463
Roosevelt, Theodore, 11,201,583-84
*
645
Roosevelt, Theodore, Jr., 197, 228--29,
236, 583
Root, Elihu, 561
Root, Elihu, Jr., 299
Roper, Elmo, 603
Rostand, Maurice, 550
ROUNDUP plan (1942), 580-81, 584, 587,
593, 597-98, 601-2
Rumbough, J. W., photo of, 208(#21)
Russell, Lillian, 36
Russell Island, 370
Ryder, Charles W., 323
St. Clair, Arthur, 31
St. Mehiel operation (1918), 219-21
St. Nazaire, France, 191-93
St. Pierre and Miquelon, seizure of, 509-10
Salvation Army, 199-200,361-63
San Francisco, Calif., Min, 187-88
Sanz, Padre Isidro, 122, 136-37
Sayre, Francis B., 609
School of Military Government, 452-55,
612
School of the Line. See Fort Leavenworth
army schools
Secrecy: atomic bomb production facility
locations, problems of, 474-75; difficulty in maintaining, 354, 409-11; officers tell wives too much, 585; TORCH
operation and State Department, 576
Sedan, France, 227-29
Seligman, Germain, 237
Shannon, G. S., photo of, 208(#21)
Sheppard, Morris, 347
Sheridan, Philip, 155-56
Sherman (army transport), 137-38
Sherrill, Clarence 0., 174
Sherwood, Robert E., 372
Shipp, Scott, 99
Shipping, shortages of, 412
Shock, Jay R., photo of, 208(#21)
Sibert, William L.: Del Monte training
camp, 178-80, 188; 1st Division staff,
requests M for, 188; Pershing, trouble
with, 195-97; relief of, 210-11
Silvester, Lindsay McD., 614
Singleton, Mrs. Asa L., photo of, 208(#16)
SLEDGEHAMMER plan (1942), 579-81, 584,
589,595
Slim, William J., 364, 605
Smith, Holland M., 370, 508
646
i:r
MARSHALL
Smith, Truman, 440
Smith, Walter 8.: Army Band, publicity for,
502; Baruch, relations with, 484; Eisenhower, role under, 624, 627; jeep,
development of, 267; Lear mission, displeasure re, 533, 578; Malta Conference, role in, 400, 541--42; morale in
rear areas, tendency to ignore, 539;
ass, relations with, 485; political duties
on General Staff of, 449-50; SHAEF
briefing procedures, M critical of, 354
Smuts, Jan C., 621
Snyder, Howard McC, 458
Scissons, battle of, 219
Sornervell, Brehon B.: Alaska, returning
troops from, 381-<32; atomic bomb
development, role in, 421; Hopkins,
relations with, 433; M's relations with,
445, 626; passed-over officers, accumulation in service forces of, 533--34; photos of, 432(#43, 53)
Soong, T. V., 372
Southeast Asia Command, 368
Soviet Union: aircraft from U.s. for, 514;
allied pressure for help by, 404; cornrnand relationship, quality of, 451-52;
contribution to war, 245, 415, 508;
cooperation with, sought by M, 593;
decoration for M from, 335; defeat, possibilityof, 574, 580, 589; France, attitude re, 325; Germans fear to surrender
to, 508; Japan, entry into war against,
341; 351, 404-6, 427; Korea, reaction
to M's visit to, 525; lend-lease supplies
for, 318·-19; occupation money printed
by, 394; offensive of January 1945,
delay in, 591, 599; postwar strength of,
575; strategy used against U.S. (1950$),
442; suspicions of U.S. and U.K., 508;
troops, characteristics of, 473; U.S.
Army views change re, 589, 598; U.S.
attitude toward, 327-··28; U.S. efforts to
cooperate With, 415
Spaarz, Carl: atomic bomb development,
knowledge of, 423; General Staff, qualifications for, 311, 314; management
experience gained by, 437--.38; strategic
bombing, attitude re, 615
Spain, worry about re TORCH, 596, 601,
612
Spanish-American War: lessons of, 100;
Pennsylvania National Guard's return
from 49; preparedness for lacking,
INTERVIEWS
100-101 press attacks on military following, 100, Stotsenburg's regiment in
Philippines, 371; U.s. isolation prior to,
47-48
Stalin, Joseph, 341-43, 404, 41i-18;
photo of, 432(#56)
Standing Liaison Committee, 521
Stanton, J. W. R., photo of, 208(#21)
Stark, Harold R., 283, 288, 589-90, 598;
photo of, 432(#41)
Stars and Stripes (army newspaper), 486-87
State Department, 327; code intercepts,
receives from army, 411; military
attaches, uses of, 439-40; Policy Planning Staff, creation of, 561---63; students attend National War College, 562;
weaknesses in, 561-63, 576; Yalta Conference briefing materials by, 405
State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee,
521
Stayer, Morrison C., photo of, 208(#33)
Steele, Matthew F., 583
Stettinius, Edward R, Jr., 329, 405, 562
Stilwell, Joseph W.: Chinese troops, fighting ability of, 366; command problems
of, 375, 567; criticisms of Chiang,
effects of, 373, 605; difficulty of working with, 605-6; fighting ability of, 373,
605, 608; Infantry School, instructor
at, 542; Negro troops, attitude re, 367;
photo of, 208(#33); relief of, 608; Roosevelt, poor impression made on, 608;
staff in China, 24J-44; tactlessness of,
605, 608; troop training ability of, 605
Stilwell, Mrs Joseph W., 605
Stimson, Henry L.: Army Specialized
Training Program, interest in, 529;
atomic bomb development, role in,
421; criticisms of, 522·-23; defends
Herman Beukema from army, 572;
Langres AEF school, attends, 231; M's
first meeting with, 230; M's opinion of,
202, 621; memo writing talent of, 620;
Morgenthau Plan, opposition to, 395,
573; OCS, opposes M re, 299; organizer,
weakness as, 561; Patton, support for,
545, 547; Plattsburg movement, support for, 202, 300; relations with M,
315-16; Roosevelt, relations with, 590,
620; Soviets, fears they renege on
promised offensive, 591, 598-99; speaking voice of, 521, 620
Index
Stotsenburg, John M, 371
Strategic Service Committee, 595-96, 602
Stuart, Eliza (aunt), 59-60, 81
Stuart, John Leighton, 607
Summerall, Charles E, 228-29, 242-43,
566
Sun Li-jen, 364, 605
Surles, Alexander D., 486
Sutherland, Richard K., 245, 569
Taft, Robert A, 557
Taft, William Howard, 182, 184, 186
Tanks: Brttlsh-American design controversy, 263-64, 289-90, 448-49; opposition to construction of, 587; training
with, M's concern re, 589; U.S. tanks for
British forces in Egypt, 545, 582
TARZA}/ Operation (1944), 375
Taylor, Charles H., 2-3
Taylor, Maxwell D., 466, 468
Teheran Conference, 322 ,341-42,405, 415
Tenadores (army transport), 189-92
Tennessee Valley Authority, 475
Texas mapping expedition (1905), 144-45
Thomas, Elbert D., 348
Thompson, Andrew, 20, 21, 23, 26, 36, 38,
44-46
Thompson, J. V, 20, 44-46, 66
Time magazine, 473,575
Togerson, Fred, photo of, 208(#21)
TORCH Operation (1942): command of rejected by M, 583, 596, 602; diplomacy
re, 386, 487--88, 597; elections in U$.,
influence on planning for, 593, 599;
planning for, 576, 581, 596, 602, 614;
political importance of, 581, 594;
preparations by U.S. Army for, 582;
risks of, 596, 601, 612; timing of 14-15
Totalo, Nicholas .1., photo of, 432(#59)
Truman, Harry S.: M's resignation as chief
of staff delayed by, 454; photo of,
432(#60); relations with M, 308, 331,
433
Truscott, Lucian K, Jr., 333-34
Tunesia, M's visit to, 32.3
Tuskeegee University, 501-2
Tydings, Millard E., 299
Typhoons, 123, 137--38
-t<
647
Unconditional surrender formula, 243,
419 ..20,615
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. See
Soviet Union
Uniontown, Pa: age of 34, 71, 94; attractiveness of, 28-26; barbershop society
in, 51; baseball in, 49···50; blacks in, 51,
104-5; butcher shop in, 28, 75;
changes since M's childhood, 41-42,
65-66; circuses and fairs in, 42-43;
Coal Lick Run, 2()..·22, 26; Gilmore's
Hill, 75; hanging (execution) in, 42; historical importance of area, 29 34; icemaking plant in, 54; idleness, attitudes
toward, 51-52; Kramer's store, 76;
long-distance telephone service arrives
in, 42; M sees little of after 1897 summer, 58-··59; M's 1939 visit to, 27-·28,
62, 65-66; Marshal! family home in,
19-···22, 53-54, 56, 61; National Guard,
failure to support, 49; National Road in
and around, 20, 28, 41, 59; old families
of, 71; political activity in, 49, 52, "11;
population of, 46, 65; railroads in, 26,
38-41; Saint Peter's Episcopal Church,
54···-55, 72, 81; Saturday watermelon
feasts in, 54; schools, 81··-82; street
lights in, 59; streetcars in, 38, 44, 52;
streets, paving of, 44; White Swan Inn,
27-28, 34, 74-75; winter sledding in,
50-51
United Kingdom: BUCCA,'iEER Operation,
opposition to, 372; Casablanca Conference, staff preparations for, 608; casualties, influence on policy of, 437, 588,
602; chiefs of staff, Churchill's influence on, .321,593,614; China, importance of in \V\VII, .372; China,
opposition to US supplies for, 368;
code breaking, effects of U.S. revelations on, 410; command relationship,
quality of, 452; contribution in \\'\\11
of, 245; cross-Channel operation,
reluctance re, 588; Dunkirk evacuation, 523; Intelligence Service of, 441;
Middle East, reinforcements for, 51819; Navy senior commanders, relief
method re, 5.3.3; pessimism re war
shown at Atlantic Conference, 288;
political considerations in planning of,
567; preparedness, 288, 572; press,
influence of, 487-··138; warehousing,
problems of, 583, 597
648
*
MARSHALL
United Kingdom (continued)
-army: early disagreemens with, 216;
Italian campaign, problems in, 589,
598; maneuvers attended by M (1910),
165; special units, Churchill's support
for, 467-68; theoretical preparation of
officers, 161; troops, characteristics of,
472
·-United States, relations with: balance of
power between, 589, 592, 597, 619;
destroyers-bases agreement, 522; European strategy, disagreements re, 54041, 589--90; language difficulties, 210;
large U.S. ground army, opposition to,
281; M's battlefield experience, doubts
re, 590, 598; Pacific, desire for role in,
427-28; Pacific, opposition to US.
commitment to, 581; second front, criticism of U.S plans for early, 580, 593,
598, 602, 614; shipping, pressure on
US. re shortage of, 412; supplies from
U.S., 289, 317-18, 445, 545, 582;
supreme command, concessions re,
401-2; U.S ground forces, doubts re,
quality of, 587, 592, 598, 619; U.S. suspicions of, 339, 592-93, 598-99;
weapon design controversies, 263-64,
289-90,448-49,620
United Services Organization (USa), 48889
United States: democracy, mobilization
problems in, 420, 441; German and
Italian paws in, 508-9; military costs
increased by strategy of, 443; military
decline after war, tradition of, 571-72;
press in a democracy, 487
United States Armed Forces Institute, 493,
538
United States Army: appropriations, 32830, 594; Army Band, improvement of,
502; battlefield promotions, M's insistence on, 491; beach organization,
importance of, 583; British pessimism,
reactions to, 288-90; British suspicions
re, 592-93, 608; combat readiness of
(1940), 202--3; conservatism re new
ideas, 262...{i6; chief of staffs role, post\VWlI change in, 535; chief of staffs
special fund, 242; democratic society,
problems of, 303; historical program of,
498-99; inspectors, importance of,
458; intelligence, weaknesses in, 439-·
41,589, 597; military governors, train-
INTERVIEWS
ing of, 452, 454-55; mobilization, effect
on Regular Army of, 286--287; navy,
division of command responsibilitv
with, 296; ninety-division plan, problems re, 539-40; opposition to large
army, 279-82, 587, 625, 627; parades,
M's opposition to prewar, 443; personal
inspections, necessity of, 242; political
criticisms of, 393; politics and troop
disposition, 381-82; postwar reductions in, 252-53, 571-72; PX system,
establishment of, 358-61; rapid expansion, mistake in, 258--59; regimental
system, failure of, 625; reorganization
after WWIl of, 445, 626; service forces,
accumulation of relieved officers in,
533- 34; strategy and politics, problems re, 415-16; supply organization
and control, simplification of, 542-43;
supply problems in '/1/\\11, 510-11, 583;
textbooks and manuals, 203
··--casualties: letters to parents of, 529--30;
paperwork problems re, 207; reports
for Roosevelt re, 416, 529-30
-medical problems of: administrative
leadership, problems re, 457··-58; air
evacuation of wounded, 459-60;
malaria, 380, 395-96, 592, 599; trench
foot, 395
-DId Army (pre-1939): anti-intellectualism in, 150-54; caution in training
required, 535; isolated and scattered
nature of, 146--47, 432. 510; pinchpenny traditions of, 512-13; service
chiefs, power of, 444--45
---personnel and troops: attaches, use of,
439--40; camps, conditions near, 489;
citizen-soldier aspects of, 251; Egypt,
troops for, 545; elite units, controversy
re, 467-68; fighting quality of, 471-73,
479-80, 587, 598; Japanese-American
units, 47().···71; OHIO movement, 286,
298, .303; pay and allowances of, 146-···
47; service-time extension bill, 286-S7;
transfer to Pacific, plans re, 493-97;
volunteers, disadvantages of ground
forces re, 461...{i2, 467
-training: Desert Training Center, 462;
frontier experience, influence on, 30,
260, 28Q.....81, 472-73; ground forces,
259, 279··-80, 461--62, 469, 479-80,
588-89; ground-air operations, 480;
importance of, 390, 468-69, 539-40;
Index
instructor shortage for, 299-300; Iirnirations in pre-Wwll period on, 252;
location of camps for, 458-,59; maneuvers (1940'-41), 460--61; manuals,
reform of, J06; spit-and-polish, need
for, 460; theory, excess of, 161; Jd
Army maneuvers HQ move, 588, 598;
time required for, 442, 468--69,480-81,
591,627; U.K., problems in, 588; weak
points in, 465, 481
United States Marine Corps: criticisms of
army training methods, 461; 5th Regiment in France (1917), 194; 1st Division, 380, 395--96, 457; Guadalcanal,
3 iO, 523; publicity received in \\lVv1,
233; volunteers, advantages over army
re, 461, 467
United States Military Academy, 89,,-90, 151
United States Navy: army air forces, attitude toward, 297-98, 357, 498; army
problems, failure to understand, 511;
British Pacific role, opposition to, 3i6,
428; Bureau of Yards and Docks, role of,
580, 589, 593-94, 598, 600; chief of
naval operations' offices, 435; fleet-inbeing, advantages of, 432; intelligence,
opposition to combined service, 595;
MncArthur, relations with, 3 Tl ; naval
air compared to army air, 611; officers,
retirement of, 4 Tl ; Pacific centeredness of, 589, 594; Patton, relations
with, 581; relations with the army, 281,
296, 432, 610; second front, opposition
to early, 580, 587, 593; shipping, hoarding by commanders of, 412; and staff
officer exchange with army, 504; and
training with army, 265; training,
advantages over army in, 161,259-60,
280, 461--{'2; unity of command idea,
reactions to, 595; volunteers, advantages over army re, 461, 467
Universal military training, 441--42
Van Fleet, James A" 5i8
Vandenberg, Arthur, 474, 52i-28, 55i
Vandenberg, Hoyt S., 314, 437-38
Versailles Treaty, 247
Victory Program (1941), 579 ..,130
Vinson, Fred M., photo of, 432( #60)
Virginia Military Institute: allowance of M
while at, 70; arrival of Mat, 91; Board
u
649
of Visitors of, 116; breakfast roll call,
skipping of, 117; "catacombs" at, 119;
changes since M's day, 96, 102; chapel,
staying awake in, 92; Civil War, influence of, 84, 96, 99, 115, 120; class
standing of.M at, 39, 76, 95; decision by
M to attend, 40, 89; discipline and
responsibility learned at, 97, 117-18,
119-20, 142; First Captain, duties of,
97, 117-18; First Class privates, slackness of, 118; First Sergeant, duties of,
119; food at, 97-98, 115-,,16; football
played by Mat, 86; graduates in high
army ranks (\VWII), 248--49, 626; hazing of M as Yankee at, 101-2; M's role as
First Captain, 55; Marshall, number of
cadets named, 93; Nashville Exposition, corps trip to, 91; New Market battle, M's interest in, 58, 84, 249; New
Market ceremony, 92; Pershing's visit
to, 99, 248--49; photos relating to Mat,
208(#5-9), 432(#68); Rats, hazing of,
92,115; roommates, importance of, 97;
"running the block" by M, 91; social life
of M, 70, 102; success by Mat, 40;
teaching at, 102, 116; vacations, 58-59,
117
Vlshinsky, Andrei, 441, 571
Vladivostok, U,S.s.R., 524-25
Wadsworth, James W., 302, 442
Wagner, Arthur, 152
Walker, Frederick, 1 i4, 177
Wallace, William A., photo of, 208(#21)
Walsh amendment re supplies (1940), 263
64,288-89,317,620
Walters, Vernon, 12
War Department: cabinet meetings, lack of
procedure re, 623; chief of staffs offices
in, 434-35, 503; civilian "experts,"
problems re, 31J-14, 450; civilian
dress until Pearl Harbor, 435, 444;
colonies, return to European powers of,
567; couriers, rapid dispatch of, 56i;
criticism, sensitivity to, 535-36; diplomatic conferences, preparations for,
608, 612; Middle East, reinforcement
by UK opposed, 519; note taking at
meetings, problems re, 62.1; organization, post-WWI changes in, 248; overseas commands, role in selecting officers
650
i::
MARSHALL
War Department (continued)
for, 578; planning process in, .189-90,
591; politically important persons,
treatment of, 449; press relations section of, 486; senior officers, reluctance
to discipline, 578. See also General
Staff
War Production Board, .129
Ward, Orlando, 617
Washington, Booker T., 501
Washington, George, 29,3.1,548
Washington, D.C, M's first visit to, 85
Washington Conference (June 1942), 545--46
Washington and Lee University, 93, 99
Watson, Edwin M., 406, 409, 620
\Vavell, Sir Archibald P., 246, .156--57, 595
Wayne, Anthony, .11-33
Wedemeyer, Albert C., 288, 592·-93, 598,
602,626
Welles, Sumner, 521, 576, 604
Weygand, Maxirne, 2:37, .185
\Vhite House visits, 107, 108, 433
Whitney, Courtney, 406, 609
Whitney, W. C., 21
""Vhy We Fight" film series, 46.1-65, 481
Wickersham, Cornelius \Y, 452, 525, 612
Wightman, John R., 72, 81
Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands,
519-20
Williams, Ezekiel J, 174
Willkie, Wendell L, 372,521-22
Willoughby, Charles A, 609
Wilson, Billings, photo of, 208(#21)
Wilson, Sir Henry Maitland, 412-·13, 540
Wilson, Woodrow, 240, 247
Wiman, Charles D, photo of, 208(#21)
Wingate, Orde, 606
Wisconsin, University of, 336, 558
Women: commanders' wives, influence of,
347, 534; Muslim, soldiers warned
against talking to, 577; mothers of soldiers, influence of, 529--30; organizations of, role in Marshall Plan passage,
527; Soapsuds Row (Fort Reno), 147;
wives of officers, secrets told to, 585
Women's Army Corps, 36.1-··64
Wood, Erskine, 548
Wood, Leonard, 18.1-84, 201, 251, 444
Woodring, Harry 1-1., .112, 514, 621--22;
photo of, 208(#37)
World War I: artillery bombardments,
effects of, 235; Austrian troops in
INTERVIEWS
France, 227-28; bitterness of opinions
prior to, 167; British fleet, pressure for
early commitment of, 387--88; cornrnanders, inexperience of, 221-2.1;
commissions, political pressure for,
182; communications from front, difflculties of, 224; control of U.S. troops,
conflicts re, 2.12-33; demobilization of
US. troops in France, problems re,
382, 494-95, 531-32, 536-37; First
Army Report, 250; first U.S. troops
killed, 205--8; French medals for US
soldiers, 238-39; German infantry's
first experience with aircraft, 480; German offensive of 1918, 231-32; Germany, Ll.S. occupation forces for, 243;
Langre AEF staff school, 230-.12; Leavenworth schools, influence of, 15+-55,
16().-.{}1; Mesnil-St. Firmin wine cellar,
234-·-35; Mont Sec region, 211·-12; mustard gas attack, effects of, 2.15; Negro
troops, leadership of, 500-501; red
tape, M's attack on, 539; Services of
Supply, M's inspection of, 53()-32; submarine scare going to France (1917),
192; supreme commander, appointment of, 246; transportation problems
in, 243; victory parades fcllowing, 24647. See also Meuse-Argonne: St. Mihiel
--General Headquarters, AEF: attitude of
M re, 211, 216, 537; inexperience of,
194; numbers needed to run, 19.1;work
in, M's introduction to, 199
-lessons of: combat leaders' neglect of
rear areas, 390-91; commanders, control needed of, 241; decorations and
medals, speedier handling of, 490-91;
evacuation of troops, problems re, 49495, 531-32, 536-37; incisiveness in
presentations, need for 545; officer
reliefs, difficulties of, 391; politics,
effect of too many officers in uniform in
Washington, 444: postwar reductions in
army, 571-72; PX establishment in forward areas of, 361, 577; recreation for
soldiers overseas, 537; Stars and
Stripes, problems with, 487; troop handling, 241; weeding of officers in US,
need for, 455
World War II: airborne units, U.S. fails to
use appropriately, 465-66; Allies, most
trying time for, 423-24; Arnhem air
drop, 529; Atlantic and Pacific, balance
Index
between, 353; Carthage debate (December 1943), 540; casualties, dealing with
families of, 529--30; civilian production,
pressures to return to, 390; Colmar
pocket, 556; command, Allied unity of,
356"-57, 594-95; diplomatic atmosphere of, 335; 1st Army advances, 217;
gasoline, shortage in France of, 387;
German air successes, influence on
Congress of, 298; Germans' problems
in Normandy, 281; inspectors, instructions to, 381; manpower, shortage of,
390; Mediterranean, commitment to,
518-··19,612-1.1; mobilization, benefits
of earlier, 332; Pacific, critical period
in, 523-··-24; pressure from War Department on commanders, 370; psychological warfare in, 483; second front, 580.
589, 614; service and supply troops,
problems re, 379, 396; strategic bombing insufficient alone, 615; supply
problems in, 333, 370; supreme cornmander, appointment of, 246: trans-
1::
651
portation times, influence on strategy,
584; troop demobilization, problems re,
382; Tunesia, U.S. troops under British
in, 616; victory in Europe, all-out effort
for, 399
Yalta Conference: housing and entertainment at, 402; M's role at, 405; political
reaction later to, 403; servants at,
506--7; Stalin's bodyguards at, 403
Yank (army rnagazlne), 486
Young Men's Christian Association (y}'lCA),
199-200,361-63
Young, Richard N., 536
Yugoslavia, partisans in, 397
Zero (Japanese pursuit plane), 379, 438,
592