The Periodic Table - Team81-Homework

Transcription

Glencoe Science
Chapter Resources
The Periodic Table
Includes:
Reproducible Student Pages
ASSESSMENT
TRANSPARENCY ACTIVITIES
✔ Chapter Tests
✔ Section Focus Transparency Activities
✔ Chapter Review
✔ Teaching Transparency Activity
HANDS-ON ACTIVITIES
✔ Assessment Transparency Activity
✔ Lab Worksheets for each Student Edition Activity
Teacher Support and Planning
✔ Laboratory Activities
✔ Content Outline for Teaching
✔ Foldables–Reading and Study Skills activity sheet
✔ Spanish Resources
✔ Teacher Guide and Answers
MEETING INDIVIDUAL NEEDS
✔ Directed Reading for Content Mastery
✔ Directed Reading for Content Mastery in Spanish
✔ Reinforcement
✔ Enrichment
✔ Note-taking Worksheets
Glencoe Science
Photo Credits
Section Focus Transparency 1: Gail Meese/Meese Photo Research
Section Focus Transparency 2: (r) Richard Megna/Fundamental Photographs, (l) Richard Megna/Fundamental Photographs; Section Focus Transparency 3: Index Stock/Zefa Visual Media-Germany
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 079 09 08 07 06 05 04
Reproducible
Student Pages
Reproducible Student Pages
■
Hands-On Activities
MiniLAB: Designing a Periodic Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Lab: Metals and Nonmetals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Lab: Use the Internet Health Risks from Heavy Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Laboratory Activity 1: Relationships Among Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Laboratory Activity 2: Periodicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Foldables: Reading and Study Skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
■
Meeting Individual Needs
Extension and Intervention
Directed Reading for Content Mastery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Directed Reading for Content Mastery in Spanish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Enrichment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Note-taking Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
■
Assessment
Chapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Chapter Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
■
Transparency Activities
Section Focus Transparency Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Teaching Transparency Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Assessment Transparency Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
The Periodic Table
1
Hands-On Activities
Hands-On
Activities
2 The Periodic Table
Date
Class
Hands-On Activities
Name
Designing a Periodic Table
Procedure
1. Collect pens and pencils from everyone in your class.
2. Decide which properties of the pens and pencils you will use to organize
them into a periodic table. Consider properties such as color, mass, or
length. Then create your table below.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Data and Observations
Analysis
1. Explain how your periodic table is similar to the periodic table of the elements.
2. If your classmates brought different pens or pencils to class tomorrow, how would you
organize them on your periodic table?
The Periodic Table
3
Name
Date
Class
Hands-On Activities
Metals and Nonmetals
Lab Preview
Directions: Answer these questions before you begin the Lab.
1. What are the properties of metals?
2. What are the properties of nonmetals?
Metals on asteroids appear attractive for mining to space programs because
the metals are essential for space travel. An asteroid could be processed to
provide very pure iron and nickel. Valuable by-products would include
cobalt, platinum, and gold.
Real-World Question
Procedure
How can miners determine if an element is a
metal or a nonmetal?
1. Fill in data table on the next page. Fill in
data table as you complete the lab.
2. Describe in as much detail as possible the
appearance of the sample, including color,
luster, and state of matter.
3. Use the hammer or mallet to determine
malleability or brittleness.
4. Label 5 test tubes # 1–5. Place a 1-g sample of
each element in each test tube. Add 5 mL of
HCl to each tube. If bubbles form, this indicates a chemical reaction.
5. Repeat step #4, substituting HCl with
CuCl2. Do not discard the solutions immediately. Continue to observe for five minutes. Some of the changes may be slow. A
chemical reaction is indicated by a change
in appearance of the element.
Goals
■
■
■
Describe the appearance of metals and nonmetals.
Evaluate the malleability or brittleness of
metals and nonmetals.
Observe chemical reactions of metals and
nonmetals with an acid or base.
Materials (per group of 2-3 students)
10 test tubes with rack
test-tube brush
10-mL graduated cylinder
forceps or tweezers
marking pencil
small hammer or mallet
dropper bottle of 0.5M HCl
dropper bottle of 0.1M CuCl2
25 g carbon
25 g silicon
25 g tin
25 g sulfer
25 g iron
Safety Precautions
The Periodic Table
5
Name
Date
Class
(continued)
Element
Appearance
Malleable
or Brittle
Reaction with
HCl
Reaction with
CuCl2
carbon
silicon
tin
sulfur
iron
Analyze Your Data
1. Analyze Results What characteristics distinguish metals from nonmetals?
2. List which elements you discovered to be metals.
3. Describe a metalloid. Are any of the elements tested a metalloid? If so, name them.
Conclude and Apply
1. Explain how the future might increase or decrease the need for selected elements.
2. Infer why discovering and mining metals on asteroids might be an important find.
Hands-On Activities
Metal and Nonmetal Data
Name
Date
Class
Use the Internet
Hands-On Activities
Health Risks from Heavy Metals
Many heavy metals are found naturally on the planet. People and animals
are exposed to these metals every day. One way to reduce the exposure is to
know as much as possible about the effects of chemicals on you and the environment. Do heavy metals and other chemicals pose a threat to the health of
humans? Could health problems be caused by exposure to heavy metals such
as lead, or a radioactive chemical element, such as radon?
Real-World Question
Is the incidence of these problems higher in
one area than another?
Goals
■
■
Organize and synthesize information on a
chemical or heavy metal thought to cause
health problems in the area where you live.
Communicate your findings to others in
your class.
Follow Your Plan
Data Source
2. Use the sites listed at the link to the left to
research possible health problems in your
area caused by exposure to chemicals or
heavy metals. Do you see a pattern in the
type of health risks that you found in your
research?
3. Check the link to the left to see what others
have learned.
Visit msscience.com for
more information about
health risks from heavy metals, hints on health
risks, and data from other students.
Make a Plan
1. Read general information concerning
heavy metals and other potentially hazardous chemicals.
1. Make sure your teacher approves your plan
before you start.
2. Research information that can help you
find out about health risks in your area.
3. Organize your information in a data table
like the one shown.
4. Write a report in your Science Journal
using the results of your research on heavy
metals.
5. Post your data in the table provided at the
link below.
Health Risk Data Table
Location
Chemical or
Heavy Metal
How People Come in
Contact with Chemical
Potential Health
Problems
Who Is
Affected
The Periodic Table
7
Name
Date
Class
(continued)
1. Evaluate Did all your sources agree on the health risk of the chemical or heavy metal?
2. Analyze all your sources for possible bias. Are some sources more reliable than others?
3. Explain how the health risk differs for adults and children.
4. Identify the sources of the heavy metals in your area. Are the heavy metals still being deposited
in your area?
Conclude and Apply
1. Analyze Results Were the same substances found to be health risks in other parts of the country? From the data at the link below, try to predict what chemicals or heavy metals are health
risks in different parts of the country.
2. Determine what information you think is the most important for the public to be aware of.
3. Explain what could be done to decrease the risk of the health problems you identified.
Communicating Your Data
Find this lab using the link below. Post your data in the table provided. Compare your
data to those of other students. Analyze and look for patterns in the data.
msscience.com
Hands-On Activities
Analyze Your Data
Date
1
Laboratory
Activity
Class
Relationships Among Elements
The periodic table is a wonderful source of information about all of the elements scientists have discovered. In this activity, you will investigate the relationship among the elements’ atomic numbers, radii, and
positions in the periodic table.
An atom’s atomic radius is the distance from the center of the nucleus to the edge of the atom. The
radii for elements with atomic numbers from 3 through 38 are given in Table 1. The radii are so small
that a very small metric unit called a picometer is used. A picometer (pm) is one trillionth of a meter.
Strategy
You will plot the atomic radii of elements with atomic numbers 3 through 38.
You will examine the graph for repeated patterns.
Materials
copy of the periodic table
graph paper
pencil
Atomic
number
Atomic radius
(picometers)
Name and
symbol
Table 1
Name and
symbol
Atomic
number
Atomic radius
(picometers)
Aluminum
Al
13
143
Magnesium
Mg
12
160
Argon
Ar
18
191
Manganese
Mn
25
127
Arsenic
As
33
121
Neon
Ne
10
131
Beryllium
Be
4
112
Nickel
Ni
28
124
B
5
85
Nitrogen
N
7
71
Bromine
Br
35
117
Oxygen
O
8
60
Calcium
Ca
20
197
Phosphorus
P
15
109
Carbon
C
6
77
Potassium
K
19
231
Chlorine
Cl
17
91
Rubidium
Rb
37
248
Chromium
Cr
24
128
Scandium
Sc
21
162
Cobalt
Co
27
125
Selenium
Se
34
119
Copper
Cu
29
128
Silicon
Si
14
118
Fluorine
F
9
69
Sodium
Na
11
186
Gallium
Ga
31
134
Strontium
Sr
38
215
Germanium
Ge
32
123
Sulfur
S
16
103
Iron
Fe
26
126
Titanium
Ti
22
147
Krypton
Kr
36
201
Vanadium
V
23
134
Lithium
Li
3
156
Zinc
Zn
30
134
Boron
The Periodic Table
9
Hands-On Activities
Name
Name
Date
Class
Laboratory Activity 1 (continued)
1. On the graph paper, label the horizontal axis
with the numbers 0 through 38 to represent
the atomic numbers of the elements you
will be plotting.
2. Label the vertical axis by tens with numbers
from 0 through 280. These numbers represent atomic radii.
3. Plot the atomic radius for each of the elements with atomic numbers 3 through 38.
Questions and Conclusions
1. Look at the shape of your graph. What patterns do you observe?
2. What family is represented by the high peaks in your graph?
3. What family is represented by the low points in your graph?
4. What family is represented by the smaller peaks just before the high peaks?
5. What do you notice about the radii of the elements at the high peaks as you move from left to
right on your graph? Look at your periodic table and find the element that represents each high
peak. What does each high peak begin in the periodic table?
6. What happens to the radii of the elements between two highest peaks? What does each of these
groups of elements represent?
7. How can a graph such as the one you made help to predict the properties of elements that have
not been discovered yet?
8. How do the radii of metals in each period compare with the radii of nonmetals in that period?
Strategy Check
Can you plot a graph of the atomic radii of elements?
Can you observe repeating patterns in the graph?
Hands-On Activities
Procedure
Date
2
Class
Periodicity
Laboratory
Activity
A periodic event is one that occurs time after time in a regular, predictable way. If you have a
table of repeating events, you can use it to predict what might be true in the future. For example,
astronomers are able to predict the appearance of a comet if they know the dates of the comet’s
appearance in the past. A calendar is a good model for the periodic table of the elements.
Strategy
You will determine missing information on the calendar for a month.
You will make predictions about future and past events based on the calendar.
Procedure
1. Label the seven columns of the calendar
page in Figure 1 with the numbers 1
through 7. There are seven families, or
groups, in this periodic table. They are the
days of the week.
2. Label the five rows of the calendar page
with the numbers 1 through 5. There are
five periods in this periodic table. Each
period is a week.
3. Notice that some information is missing.
Fill in the missing information by examining the information in the blocks surrounding the spots where the missing
information belongs.
Data and Observations
Figure 1
SUN
MON
TUE
WED
FRI
1
2
SAT
3
Soccer
practice
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
@
#
15
16
17
Soccer
practice
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Your
Birthday
31
The Periodic Table
11
Hands-On Activities
Name
Name
Date
Class
Laboratory Activity 2 (continued)
1. Two of the days in Families 3 and 4 are marked with an @ and a #. What dates should go in
these positions?
2. Family 5 doesn’t have a name. What is the correct name for this family?
3. What dates are included in the third period of the table?
4. Assuming that the previous month had 30 days, what day of the week would the 28th of that
month have been?
5. What period of this table would it appear in?
6. Notice that two dates have been scheduled for regular soccer practice. When would you expect
the next two soccer practices to take place?
7. The following month will start on the day after the 31st. What day of the week will it be?
8. Suppose your birthday occurs on the 30th of the month. Explain how your birthday is a
periodic event.
Strategy Check
Can you provide missing information in a periodic table if you have information about
the neighboring blocks?
Can you make predictions based upon information in a periodic table?
Hands-On Activities
Questions and Conclusions
Name
Date
Class
Hands-On Activities
The Periodic Table
Directions: Use this page to label your Foldable at the beginning of the chapter.
Metals
Metalloids
Nonmetals
ductile
good conductors of heat and electricity
malleable
examples include boron and silicon
examples include carbon and nitrogen
examples include tin and lead
have luster
elements that share some properties with metals and
nonmetals
usually gases or brittle solids at room temperature
usually gases or brittle solids at room temperature
usually solid
The Periodic Table
13
Meeting Individual
Needs
Name
Date
Class
Overview
The Periodic Table
Directed Reading for
Content Mastery
Directions: Use the illustration of the periodic table to complete the tasks below.
PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS
1
1
Element
Atomic number
Hydrogen
1
2
H
3
4
5
6
7
1.008
Metal
Liquid
Metalloid
Solid
Nonmetal
13
The first three symbols tell you the state
of matter of the element at room
temperature. The fourth symbol
identifies elements that are not present
in significant amounts on Earth. Useful
amounts are made synthetically.
Helium
2
He
4.003
Nitrogen
7
Oxygen
8
Fluorine
9
N
O
F
Ne
10.811
12.011
14.007
15.999
18.998
20.180
Aluminum
13
Silicon
14
Phosphorus
15
Sulfur
16
Chlorine
17
Argon
18
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
26.982
28.086
30.974
32.065
35.453
39.948
Zinc
30
Gallium
31
Germanium
32
Arsenic
33
Selenium
34
Bromine
35
Krypton
36
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
63.546
65.409
69.723
72.64
74.922
78.96
79.904
83.798
Palladium
46
Silver
47
Cadmium
48
Indium
49
Tin
50
Antimony
51
Tellurium
52
Iodine
53
Xenon
54
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
I
Xe
102.906
106.42
107.868
112.411
114.818
118.710
121.760
127.60
126.904
131.293
Osmium
76
Iridium
77
Platinum
78
Gold
79
Mercury
80
Thallium
81
Lead
82
Bismuth
83
Polonium
84
Astatine
85
Radon
86
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
Tl
Pb
Bi
Po
At
Rn
186.207
190.23
192.217
195.078
196.967
200.59
204.383
207.2
208.980
(209)
(210)
(222)
Seaborgium
106
Bohrium
107
Hassium
108
Meitnerium
109
Darmstadtium
110
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt
Ds
(266)
(264)
(277)
(268)
(281)
Sodium
11
Magnesium
12
Na
Mg
22.990
24.305
Potassium
19
Calcium
20
Scandium
21
Titanium
22
Vanadium
23
Chromium
24
Manganese
25
Iron
26
Cobalt
27
Nickel
28
Copper
29
K
Ca
Sc
Ti
V
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
39.098
40.078
44.956
47.867
50.942
51.996
54.938
55.845
58.933
58.693
Rubidium
37
Strontium
38
Yttrium
39
Zirconium
40
Niobium
41
Molybdenum
42
Technetium
43
Ruthenium
44
Rhodium
45
Rb
Sr
Y
Zr
Nb
Mo
Tc
Ru
Rh
85.468
87.62
88.906
91.224
92.906
95.94
(98)
101.07
Cesium
55
Barium
56
Lanthanum
57
Hafnium
72
Tantalum
73
Tungsten
74
Rhenium
75
Cs
Ba
La
Hf
Ta
W
Re
132.905
137.327
138.906
178.49
180.948
183.84
Francium
87
Radium
88
Actinium
89
Rutherfordium
104
Dubnium
105
Fr
Ra
Ac
Rf
Db
(223)
(226)
(227)
(261)
(262)
5
6
8
7
10
9
The number in parentheses is the mass number of the longest-lived isotope for that element.
11
Unununium
111
* Uuu
(272)
12
Ununbium
112
Ununquadium
114
Uub
Uuq
*
*
(285)
* * 116
Neon
10
* * 118
(289)
names and symbols for elements 111–114 are temporary. Final names will be selected when the elements’ discoveries are verified.
* TheElements
116 and 118 were thought to have been created. The claim was retracted because the experimental results could not be repeated.
**
Neodymium
60
Promethium
61
Samarium
62
Europium
63
Gadolinium
64
Terbium
65
Dysprosium
66
Holmium
67
Erbium
68
Thulium
69
Ytterbium
70
Ce
Pr
Nd
Pm
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Tm
Yb
Lu
140.116
140.908
144.24
(145)
150.36
151.964
157.25
158.925
162.500
164.930
167.259
168.934
173.04
174.967
Thorium
90
Protactinium
91
Uranium
92
Neptunium
93
Plutonium
94
Americium
95
Curium
96
Berkelium
97
Californium
98
Einsteinium
99
Fermium
100
Mendelevium
101
Nobelium
102
Lawrencium
103
Th
Pa
U
Np
Pu
Am
Cm
Bk
Cf
Es
Fm
Md
No
Lr
232.038
231.036
238.029
(237)
(244)
(243)
(247)
(247)
(251)
(252)
(257)
(258)
(259)
(262)
Cerium
58
Actinide
series
17
C
9.012
The arrow shows where these
elements would fit into the
periodic table. They are moved
to the bottom of the table to
save space.
16
Carbon
6
6.941
Lanthanide
series
15
B
Be
4
14
Boron
5
Beryllium
4
Li
Rows of elements are called
periods. Atomic number
increases across a period.
The color of an element’s block
tells you if the element is a
metal, nonmetal, or metalloid.
Lithium
3
3
18
Synthetic
State of
matter
1
H
Symbol
Atomic mass
1.008
2
Hydrogen
Gas
Praseodymium
59
Columns of elements are called groups. Elements in
the same group have similar chemical properties.
Lutetium
71
1. Circle the noble gases family of elements. It contains helium. What is the group
number?
2. Draw an “X” (in red) through the element with the lowest atomic number. Name
the element. What is the atomic number?
3. Draw a box around the period that contains radioactive elements.
It includes uranium. What are these called?
4. Underline all of the elements in the oxygen family.
5. Draw a line through the symbols of all elements in Period 3. List them.
The Periodic Table
15
Name
Date
Content Mastery
Section 1
■
Class
Introduction to the
Periodic Table
Directions: Label the following elements key using the terms listed below.
element name
atomic number
atomic mass
element symbol
1
1.
H
3.
Hydrogen
1.008
4.
Directions: Use the data on the left to complete the two element keys below.
5. element name: aluminum
element symbol: Al
atomic number: 13
atomic mass: 26.982
6. element name: gold
element symbol: Au
atomic number: 79
atomic mass: 196.967
Directions: In the blank on the left, write True if the statement is true. If the statement is false, change the
word in italics to make it true.
7. Groups 3–12 are metals and are called representative
elements.
8. Nonmetals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
9. The elements in the periodic table are organized by their
atomic number.
10. There are seven groups, or rows, in the periodic table.
2.
Name
Date
Content Mastery
Class
Section 2
■
Section 3
■
Representative
Elements
Transition Elements
1. lanthanide series
iodine
2. period 5
potassium
3. alkali metals family
cerium
4. carbon family
boron
5. period 2
lead
6. alkaline earth metals family
krypton
7. noble gases family
einsteinium
8. actinide series
Directions: Draw a line between each group or family name on the left to the element it contains on the right.
Refer to the periodic table and, if necessary, to your textbook.
calcium
Directions: Circle the term in parentheses that correctly completes the sentence.
9. All of the elements in the actinide family are (liquids/radioactive).
10. Carbon, the first element in the carbon family, is a (metal/nonmetal).
11. The element with the least atomic mass is (hydrogen/helium).
12. Mercury is the only metal that is a (gas/liquid) at room temperature.
13. Nobel gases (rarely/often) combine with other elements.
14. Lanthanides are (inner transition/representative) elements.
The Periodic Table
17
Name
Date
Content Mastery
Class
Key Terms
The Periodic Table
Directions: Complete the following sentences using the terms listed below.
catalyst
synthetic
representative
transition
period
metal
group
nonmetal
metalloid
semiconductor
1. A row of elements whose properties change gradually is called
a ______________________________.
and nonmetals.
3. A column of elements in the periodic table with similar properties is
a ______________________________ or family.
4. A ______________________________ is usually shiny and conducts
electricity well.
5. A ______________________________ is usually a gas or brittle solid that is a
poor conductor of electricity.
6. A ______________________________ has properties of metals and nonmetals.
7. An element that conducts electricity better than a nonmetal but not as well as a
metal is a ______________________________.
8. Gold and silver are ______________________________ elements.
9. A substance that can cause something to happen faster than it might have
otherwise, but is not permanently changed itself, is called
a ______________________________.
10. ______________________________ elements are made in laboratories.
2. ______________________________ elements include metals, metalloids,
Nombre
Fecha
Clase
Sinopsis
La tabla periódica
Lectura dirigida para
Dominio del contenido
Instrucciones: Usa la ilustración de la tabla periódica para contestar las siguientes preguntas.
TABLA PERIÓDICA DE ELEMENTOS
1
1
Hidrógeno
1
2
H
1.008
2
3
4
5
6
7
Nombre del elemento
Número atómico
Hidrógeno
Símbolo del elemento
Masa atómica
H
Estado de
la materia
1
1.008
Gas
Metal
Líquido
Metaloide
Sólido
No metal
Sintético
13
Los tres primeros símbolos te indican el
estado de la materia a temperatura
ambiente. El cuarto símbolo identifica a
los elementos que no están presentes en
la Tierra en cantidades importantes. Las
cantidades que se necesitan se sintetizan.
Oxígeno
8
Flúor
9
N
O
F
Ne
10.811
12.011
14.007
15.999
18.998
20.180
Aluminio
13
Silicio
14
Fósforo
15
Azufre
16
Cloro
17
Argón
18
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
26.982
28.086
30.974
32.065
35.453
39.948
Cinc
30
Galio
31
Germanio
32
Arsénico
33
Selenio
34
Bromo
35
Criptón
36
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
63.546
65.409
69.723
72.64
74.922
78.96
79.904
83.798
Paladio
46
Plata
47
Cadmio
48
Indio
49
Estaño
50
Antimonio
51
Telurio
52
Yodo
53
Xenón
54
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
I
Xe
102.906
106.42
107.868
112.411
114.818
118.710
121.760
127.60
126.904
131.293
Osmio
76
Iridio
77
Platino
78
Oro
79
Mercurio
80
Talio
81
Plomo
82
Bismuto
83
Polonio
84
Astato
85
Radón
86
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
Tl
Pb
Bi
Po
At
Rn
186.207
190.23
192.217
195.078
196.967
200.59
204.383
207.2
208.980
(209)
(210)
(222)
Seaborgio
106
Borio
107
Hasio
108
Meltnerio
109
Darmstadtio
110
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt
Ds
(266)
(264)
(277)
(268)
(281)
Magnesio
12
Na
Mg
22.990
24.305
Potasio
19
Calcio
20
Escandio
21
Titanio
22
Vanadio
23
Cromo
24
Manganeso
25
Hierro
26
Cobalt
27
Níquel
28
Cobre
29
K
Ca
Sc
Ti
V
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
39.098
40.078
44.956
47.867
50.942
51.996
54.938
55.845
58.933
58.693
Rubidio
37
Estroncio
38
Itrio
39
Circonio
40
Niobio
41
Molibdeno
42
Tecnecio
43
Rutenio
44
Rodio
45
Rb
Sr
Y
Zr
Nb
Mo
Tc
Ru
Rh
85.468
87.62
88.906
91.224
92.906
95.94
(98)
101.07
Cesio
55
Bario
56
Lantano
57
Hafnio
72
Tántalo
73
Tungsteno
74
Renio
75
Cs
Ba
La
Hf
Ta
W
Re
132.905
137.327
138.906
178.49
180.948
183.84
Francio
87
Radio
88
Actinio
89
Ruterfordio
104
Dubnio
105
Fr
Ra
Ac
Rf
Db
(223)
(226)
(227)
(261)
(262)
5
7
6
8
10
9
Los números entre paréntesis indican el número de masa del isótopo de más larga vida de ese elemento.
He
Nitrógeno
7
Sodio
11
11
Unununium
111
* Uuu
(272)
12
Unumbio
112
*
Ununquadio
114
*
Uub
(285)
* * 116
Uuq
Neón
10
* * 118
(289)
y el símbolo de los elementos 111-114 es temporal. Los nombres definitivos se darán cuando se haya verificado el descubrimiento del elemento.
* El nombre
** Se pensaba que los elementos 116 y 118 habían sido creados. Esta afirmación se retiró porque los resultados experimentales no se pudieron repetir.
Neodimio
60
Promecio
61
Samario
62
Europio
63
Gadolinio
64
Terbio
65
Disprosio
66
Holmio
67
Erbio
68
Tulio
69
Iterbio
70
Ce
Pr
Nd
Pm
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Tm
Yb
Lu
140.116
140.908
144.24
(145)
150.36
151.964
157.25
158.925
162.500
164.930
167.259
168.934
173.04
174.967
Torio
90
Protactinio
91
Uranio
92
Neptunio
93
Plutonio
94
Americio
95
Curio
96
Berkelio
97
Californio
98
Einsteinio
99
Fermio
100
Mendelevio
101
Nobelio
102
Laurencio
103
Th
Pa
U
Np
Pu
Am
Cm
Bk
Cf
Es
Fm
Md
No
Lr
232.038
231.036
238.029
(237)
(244)
(243)
(247)
(247)
(251)
(252)
(257)
(258)
(259)
(262)
Cerio
58
Serie de los
actínidos
Helio
2
C
9.012
La flecha indica el sitio donde
deberían ubicarse éstos
elementos en la table
periódica. Se colocan abajo
para ahorrar espacio.
17
Carbono
6
6.941
Serie de los
lantánidos
16
B
Be
Las filas de elementos se
llaman perídos. El número
atómico aumenta a lo largo
de un período.
15
Boro
5
Berilio
4
Li
4
14
4.003
El color del bloque de un
elemento es un metal, un no
metal o un metaloide.
Litio
3
3
18
Praseodimio
59
Lutetio
71
1. Haz un círculo alrededor de la familia de elementos de los gases nobles. Esta contiene helio. ¿Cuál es el número del grupo?
2. Dibuja una “x” (en rojo) a través del elemento con el número atómico más bajo.
Nombra el elemento. ¿Cuál es el número atómico?
3. Dibuja una caja alrededor del período que contiene elementos radiactivos.
Este incluye uranio. ¿Cómo se llaman?
4. Subraya todos los elementos en la familia del oxígeno.
5. Dibuja una línea atravesando los símbolos de todos los elementos en el Período 3.
Haz una lista de estos.
La tabla periódica
19
Satisface las necesidades individuales
Las columnas de elementos se llaman grupos. Los elementos
de un mismo grupo tienen propiedades químicas similares.
Nombre
Fecha
Sección 1
Clase
■
Introducción a la
tabla periódica
Instrucciones: Rotula la clave del siguiente elemento usando éstos términos.
nombre del elemento
número atómico
masa atómica
símbolo del elemento
1
1.
H
3.
2.
4.
Instrucciones: Usa los datos a la izquierda para completar los dos elementos clave de abajo.
5. nombre del elemento: aluminio
símbolo del elemento: Al
número atómico: 13
masa atómica: 26.982
6. nombre del elemento: oro
símbolo del elemento: Au
número atómico: 79
masa atómica: 196.967
Instrucciones: En el espacio de la izquierda, escribe Verdadero si la afirmación es cierta. Si es falsa, cambia la
palabra en bastardilla para hacerla verdadera.
7. Los grupos 3-12 son metales y se llaman elementos representativos.
8. Los no metales son buenos conductores del calor y la electricidad.
9. Los elementos en la tabla periódica se organizan por su
número atómico.
10. Hay siete grupos, o filas, en la tabla periódica.
20 La tabla periódica
Hidrógeno
1.008
Nombre
Fecha
Clase
Sección 2
■
Sección 3
■
Elementos
representativos
Elementos de
transición
1. familia de los lantánidos
yodo
2. período 5
potasio
3. familia de los metales alcalinos
cerio
4. familia del carbono
boro
5. período 2
plomo
6. familia de los metales alcalinotérreos
criptón
7. familia de los gases nobles
einstenio
8. familia de los actínidos
Instrucciones: Une con una línea nombre de período o familia a la izquierda y el elemento que ésta contiene a
la derecha. Consulta la tabla periódica y si es necesario, tu libro de texto.
calcio
Instrucciones: Encierra en un círculo el término entre paréntesis que complete correctamente cada oración.
9. Todos los elementos en la familia de los actínidos son (líquidos/radiactivos).
10. Carbono, el primer elemento en la familia del carbono, es un (metal/no metal).
11. El elemento con la masa atómica menor es (hidrógeno/helio).
12. El mercurio es el único metal (gaseoso/líquido) a temperatura ambiente.
13. Los gases nobles (raramente/a menudo) se combinan con otros elementos.
14. Los lantánidos son elementos (de transición interna/representativos).
La tabla periódica
21
Nombre
Fecha
Clase
Términos claves
La tabla periódica
Instrucciones: Completa las oraciones usando los siguientes términos.
catalizador
sintéticos
representativo
transición
período
metal
grupo
no metal
metaloide
semiconductores
2. Los elementos ______________________________ incluyen metales, metaloides, y no metales.
3. Una columna de elementos en la tabla periódica que tienen propiedades similares es un(a) ______________________________ o familia.
4. Un(a) ______________________________ es generalmente brillante y conduce bien la electricidad.
5. Un(a) ______________________________ es generalmente un gas o sólido
quebradizo que es un conductor pobre de la electricidad.
6. Un ___________________________ tiene propiedades de metales y no metales.
7. Un elemento que conduce la electricidad mejor que un no metal pero no tan
bien como un metal es un(a) ______________________________.
8. El oro y la plata son ______________________________.
9. Una sustancia que puede hacer que algo suceda más rápido de lo normal, pero que
ella misma no cambia, se llama un(a) ______________________________.
10. Los elementos ____________________________ se fabrican en laboratorios.
22 La tabla periódica
1. Una fila de elementos cuyas propiedades cambian gradualmente se llama un(a)
______________________________.
Name
Date
1
Reinforcement
Class
Introduction to the Periodic
Table
Directions: Use the following terms to label the diagram of an element key.
atomic number
atomic mass
element name
element symbol
1.
8
2.
Oxygen
15.999
4.
Directions: Match the terms in Column II with the descriptions in Column I. Write the letter of the correct term
in the blank at the left.
Column I
Column II
5. usually gases or brittle solids at room temperature
and poor conductors of heat and electricity
a. metalloids
6. section on the periodic table composed of eight
groups, including metals, metalloids, and nonmetals
b. group
7. elements that have similar physical or chemical
properties
c. representative elements
8. elements between metals and nonmetals on the
periodic table
d. metal
9. row of elements in the periodic table whose
properties change gradually and predictably
e. nonmetal
10. section on the periodic table composed of Groups 3
through 12
f. transition elements
11. the number of protons in the nucleus of an
element’s atoms
g. atomic number
12. element that has luster, is a good conductor of heat and
electricity, and is usually a solid at room temperature
h. period
The Periodic Table
23
O
3.
Name
2
Date
Reinforcement
Class
Representative Elements
Directions: In the sentences below, a code letter has been substituted for each letter of the alphabet. To find out
what the sentences say, use the following key to decode them. In the key, the code letters are shown directly below
the alphabet letter they stand for. Write the correct letter above each code letter, then read the sentences aloud.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
C F K L P T X A V M O D R Z I U E G W N Y B Q H S J
________________
N A P
________________
C G P
________________
KC D D P L
________________
C D O C D V
________________.
R P N C D W
2. ________________ 2 ________________
XG I Y U
P D P R P Z N W
________________
C G P
________________
KC D D P L
________________
P C G N A
________________.
R P N C DW
3. ________________ 1 ________________ 2 ________________
PHKPUN
TIG
ASLGIXPZ
________________
XG I Y U W
________________
N A P
________________
C D O C D V Z P
________________
C Z L
________________
C G P
________________
W I D V L
________________.
R P N C DW
4. ________________
N A P
________________
I N A P G
________________
XG I Y U W
________________
R C S
________________
K I Z N C V Z
________________,
R P N C D W
__________________, ________________
Z I Z R P N C D W
C Z L
___________________.
R P N C D D I V LW
Directions: Answer the following questions on the lines provided.
5. Diamonds and graphite are two forms of what nonmetal?
6. What is ammonia made of and what are some of its uses?
7. Why is ozone an important form of oxygen?
8. What do halogens all have in common?
9. What do the noble gases have in common?
1. ________________ 1 ________________
XG I Y U
P D P R P Z N W
Name
Date
3
Reinforcement
Class
Transition Elements
Directions: Complete the following sentences using the correct terms.
1. All transition elements are ____________________.
2. The iron triad are elements that have ____________________ properties.
3. Many of the heavy metals are ____________________ to living things.
5. ____________________ has the lowest melting point of any metal.
6. The ____________________ group are often used for electrodes or catalysts because they do
not combine easily with other elements.
7. Another name for ____________________ is the rare earths.
8. The ____________________ are soft metals that can be cut with a knife.
9. All of the actinides are ____________________.
10. All but three of the actinides are ____________________.
Directions: Match the use in the second column to the element in the first column. Write the correct letter in the
space provided.
Element
Use
11. iron
a. filament of lightbulbs
12. silver
b. electrodes
13. mercury
c. used as a fuel in nuclear power plants
14. chromium
d. principal ingredient in misch metal
15. americium
e. used to kill cancer cells
16. tungsten
f. a necessary part of hemoglobin
17. platinum
g. thermometers
18. californium
h. brightly colored paint
19. plutonium
i. fill cavities
20. cerium
j. smoke detectors
The Periodic Table
25
4. ____________________ has the highest melting point of any metal.
Name
Date
1
Class
Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
Enrichment
The modern periodic table is based on the work of Dmitri Mendeleev, a nineteenth-century
Russian chemist and professor. In the 1860s, while working on writing a chemistry textbook, he
came up with a way to organize the elements by their atomic weights. He arranged the elements
into groups with the same properties. What you see here is the table he had developed by 1871.
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
Li
Be
B
C
N
O
F
Na
Mg
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
K
Ca
—
Ti
V
Cr
Mn
Fe, Co, Ni
Cu
Zn
—
—
As
Se
Br
Ru, Rh, Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
I
Cs
Ba
H
2. Why do you think some elements are missing from the table?
3. Mendeleev left a few blanks in the table (marked above with a dash). He knew that any spot on
the table could only be filled by an element with a particular atomic weight and properties. He
inferred that some elements hadn’t yet been discovered, since no known elements at the time
seemed to fit these blank spots. He expected that one of the spots would someday be filled by
an element with properties similar to silicon (Si). Which spot do you think he had chosen for
this element? Explain.
1. How is this table different from the modern periodic table?
Name
Enrichment
Class
Discovering Circuit Boards
To many people, circuit boards are a
mystifying collection of wires, nodules, and
pieces of colored plastic. Once you take the
time to discover what really makes up a basic
circuit board, you will find that they really
aren’t as confusing as you may have first
thought. One of the primary components
of any circuit board is the transistor. A
transistor is a component usually made
up of germanium or silicon and three or
more electrical connections. Silicon and
germanium are both metalloids that belong
to the carbon group of elements, and both
are semiconductors.
Shown here is a picture of a circuit board
from a smoke detector. This circuit board is
similar to most simple circuit boards, at least
with regard to its components. Research the
components listed below and give a brief
description of their functions.
BFY50
330
2
Date
05
G8
con
73 33
1. transistor
2. resistors
3. capacitors
4. diodes
5. inductors
The Periodic Table
27
Name
3
Date
Enrichment
Class
The Actinide Group
1. americium
2. curium
3. berkelium
4. einsteinium
5. mendelevium
The actinide group is a series of elements that are all radioactive. There are 15 elements in the
actinide group, but only three of them are found in any appreciable amount in nature: thorium, protactinium, and uranium. All of the elements that have been artificially produced are referred to as the
transuranium elements. It is easy to remember the transuranium elements as the ones that have an
atomic mass greater than or equal to 93. Many of the transuranium elements have been named in
honor of important scientists or important scientific institutions.
Research the transuranium elements listed below. Describe how they are created, when they
were discovered, and, if applicable, their melting point, their boiling point, any important uses
for them, and who or what they were named for.
Name
Date
Note-taking
Worksheet
Section 1
Class
The Periodic Table
Introduction to the Periodic Table
A. By 1830 ____________________ different elements had been isolated and named.
1. In 1869 Mendeleev arranged elements in order of increasing atomic ______________ and
found that elements with similar properties fell into groups.
2. Moseley improved the periodic table by arranging the elements according to atomic
B. The modern periodic table contains seven _________________ or rows of elements whose
properties change gradually and 18 ________________ or columns, each with a family of elements having similar properties.
1. Groups 1 and 2 along with Groups 13 to 18 are called the _____________________elements.
2. Groups 3 to 12 are called the ____________________ elements.
3. A _______________ has luster, conducts heat and electricity, and is malleable and ductile.
4. ___________________ are usually gases or brittle solids at room temperature.
5. A ___________________ shows properties of both metals and nonmetals.
6. Symbols are abbreviations often based on the element’s ___________________.
Section 2
Representative Elements
A. Groups 1 and 2 are ________________ metals found in nature combined with other elements;
although hydrogen is placed in Group 1, it is not a metal and it shares properties with Groups
1 and 17.
1. _______________________—silvery solids with low densities and low melting points; they
increase in reactivity from top to bottom of the periodic table .
2. _______________________________ are denser, harder, have higher melting points, and
are slightly less active than alkali metals in the same period.
B. Groups 13 through 18 may contain ________________, ___________________, or
____________________ in solid, liquid, or gas form.
1. The ______________________ elements in group 13 are all metals except boron, which is a
metalloid; these elements are used in a variety of products.
The Periodic Table
29
________________ instead of atomic mass.
Name
Date
Class
Note-taking Worksheet (continued)
2. The ______________________ elements are all metalloids or metals, except for carbon itself.
a. Carbon is found in all _______________________ and exists in several forms.
b. Silicon and germanium are used in electronics as ________________________.
c. Tin and ______________ are the two heaviest elements in Group 14.
3. The ________________________ contains nitrogen and phosphorus, which are required
by living things and which are used in industry.
4. The _______________________ contains oxygen and sulfur, which are essential for life and
5. The _______________________ elements form salts with sodium and with the other
alkali metals.
6. The _____________________ rarely combine with other elements; they are often used in
lighting and inflating balloons.
Section 3
Transition Elements
A. ________________________ are the transition elements; most are combined with other elements in ores.
1. The ____________________ is composed of iron, cobalt, and nickel; these metals have
magnetic properties.
2. Several transition elements can be used as ___________________, which are substances
that make reactions occur faster without changing itself.
B. The _______________ transition elements are called lanthanides and actinides.
1. The _____________________ are soft metals and were once thought to be rare.
2. All the ___________________ are radioactive; several are synthetic elements that do not
occur naturally.
3. Dental materials are sometimes made of new composites, resins, and porcelains.
used to manufacture many products.
Assessment
Assessment
Name
Date
Class
The Periodic Table
Chapter
Review
Part A. Vocabulary Review
Directions: Unscramble the letters to form the correct word for each definition.
1. mannotel
usually a gas or brittle solid at room
temperature
2. sepretenveriat tenelmes
elements in Groups 1 and 2 and in Groups
13–18
3. rogup
contains elements with similar properties
4. telam
an element that has luster and conducts
heat and electricity
5. dilatomel
shows properties of a metal and a nonmetal
6. dpoier
row of elements in the periodic table
7. toccurenmoids
shows moderate electrical conductivity
8. scytatal
substance that speeds up a chemical
reaction, but is not changed itself
9. sitnnorati tenelmes
are all metals
are made in laboratories
Part B. Concept Review
Assessment
10. yetihscnt tenelmes
Directions: Refer to the five element keys shown here for items 1 through 5. In the blank at the left, write the
name of the element that best fits the description.
2
80
102
11
6
He
Hg
No
Na
C
Helium
4.003
Mercury
200.59
Nobelium
259.101
Sodium
22.990
Carbon
12.011
1. liquid at room temperature
2. atomic nucleus has the fewest protons
3. does not occur naturally on Earth
4. has an average atomic mass of about 12
5. atomic nucleus contains 11 protons
The Periodic Table
33
Name
Date
Class
Chapter Review (continued)
Directions: Correctly complete each sentence by underlining the best of the choices in parentheses.
6. In this periodic table, Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of increasing
(atomic number, atomic diameter, mass number).
7. The symbol for the element mercury is (Mg, Hg, Ga).
8. The element (neon, sodium, bromine) is a gas at room temperature.
9. Most of the (actinides, alkali metals, halogens) are synthetic elements.
10. (Sulfur, Magnesium, Copper) is a good conductor of electricity and heat.
11. Elements in Groups 1, 2, and 13 through 18 are called the (transition elements,
rare earth elements, representative elements).
12. (Aluminum, Iron, Copper) has magnetic properties.
13. Silicon is an example of a(n) (semiconductor, transition element, alloy).
14. Elements that rarely combine with other elements are the (halogens, noble gases, alkali metals).
15. All transition elements are (metals, gases, liquids).
16. Most nonmetals are (good conductors, brittle, gases).
17. Elements that can be pounded into thin sheets are (metalloids, semiconductors, malleable).
Assessment
19. The most active nonmetal is (fluorine, iodine, carbon).
20. The element used for storing and transporting radioactive materials is (tin, lead, carbon).
21. The iron triad is made up of iron, cobalt, and (aluminum, nickel, tin).
22. Most transition metals have (higher, lower) melting points than the representative elements.
23. (Transition elements, Lanthanides, Actinides) are soft metals.
24. All of the (transition elements, lanthanides, actinides) are radioactive.
25. Although (silver, mercury, gold) is a poisonous liquid, it can be used in dental materials if
mixed with other metals.
18. The only nonmetal found on the left side of the periodic table is (sodium, chlorine, hydrogen).
Transparency
Activities
The Periodic Table
39
Name
1
Date
Section Focus
Transparency Activity
Class
Up and Down, Side to
Side
1. Describe some of the repeating patterns in a calendar.
2. How would you read which days of a month fell on Thursday?
3. What day of this month is the full moon? What day of the week
does that fall on?
A calendar is a neatly organized way to track weeks and months.
Each column shows the day of the week, and across each row you can
read the days in order. Elements are organized on a table in a similar
fashion.
Name
2
Date
Section Focus
Class
Strong Reactions
Sodium
Potassium
1. How are the pictured reactions similar? How are they different?
2. Lithium is also from the same group. Would you expect lithium to
react with chlorine? What might lithium do if it were placed in
water?
Sodium and potassium belong to the same group of elements, and
they share many similar properties. For example, both form important compounds with the element chlorine. Below you see each element reacting with water.
The Periodic Table
41
Name
3
Date
Section Focus
Class
A Touch on the Warm
Side
1. Name some properties of iron.
2. Name some items made of iron or iron mixtures. Why is iron a
good choice for making these things?
That’s liquid iron being poured at roughly 1,500°C (2,800°F). Iron is
used as both a pure element and as a mixture. Steel, iron combined
with other elements, is a common example of an iron mixture. There
are many different iron mixtures, including cast iron, carbon steel,
and stainless steel.
Name
Date
1
Teaching Transparency
Activity
Class
Parts of the Periodic
Table
Metal
Metalloid
Nonmetal
Recently discovered
Element
Atomic number
Symbol
Atomic mass
Hydrogen
1
H
1.008
State of
matter
Representative elements
Representative
elements
Transition elements
Awaiting
discovery
Inner transition elements
Lanthanide series
Actinide series
The Periodic Table
43
Name
Teaching Transparency Activity
Date
Class
(continued)
1. Where are the transition elements located on the periodic table?
2. Where are the lanthanide series and actinide series located on this table?
3. What’s the importance of the rows? What do they indicate?
5. In the modern periodic table, how are the elements organized?
6. How many columns are in the periodic table?
7. Why are the columns called groups?
4. Looking at the table on the transparency, what are the elements in the upper-right corner?
Name
Date
Assessment
Class
The Periodic Table
Metal
Symbol
Atomic
number
Atomic
mass
Density (g/mL)
Lithium
Li
3
7
0.53
Sodium
Na
11
23
0.97
Potassium
K
19
39
0.86
Rubidium
Rb
37
85
1.53
1. According to the table above, which of these alkali metals has a
density greater than 1.00 g/mL?
A Lithium
B Sodium
C Potassium
D Rubidium
2. A scientist examined a metal and found that it had an atomic
mass of 39. What was the identity of the metal?
F Lithium
G Rubidium
H Sodium
J Potassium
Directions: Carefully review the table and answer the following questions.
3. All of the following are properties of the metals listed above
EXCEPT for the ability to ___.
A be bent into different shapes
B conduct heat and electricity
C be gases at room temperature
D reflect light and shine
The Periodic Table
45

The Periodic Table - Team81-Homework

Transcription

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