Summary Report XXII ILTER Annual Meeting, Chile 2014

Transcription

Summary Report XXII ILTER Annual Meeting, Chile 2014
Edited by: Montserrat Lara S.
www.ltser-chile.cl/ilter-meeting-2014
Table of Contents
1
Scope of the meeting03
2
Executive organizing committee04
3
Partners05
4
All-Scientists Meeting of the Americas06
4.1
Program07
4.2
Participants10
4.3
Abstracts11
4.3.1
Keynote presentations14
4.3.2
Oral Presentations18
4.3.3
Poster Presentations24
4.4
Workshops35
4.4.1 An international, socio-ecological framework to provide hydrological co-benefits with a changing climate
35
4.4.2
What are the foundation species in American forests?36
4.4.3 The need to improve the observation of the coastal ocean in the Southeastern Pacific:
A discussion of the practical and institutional limitations36
4.4.4 Best practices for the management of long-term ecological research data: an opportunity to share lessons learned
37
4.5
Welcome Dinner39
5
22nd International Long-Term Ecological Research Network Annual Coordination Committee Meeting40
5.1
Program41
5.2
Participants45
5.3
Presentations45
5.4
Coordinating Committee Meeting Minutes (summary)45
5.5
Fieldtrips50
5.5.1
Senda Darwin Biological Station (SDBS)51
5.5.2
Omora Park53
5.5.3
Fray Jorge National Park38
02
1. Scope of the meeting
It is our great pleasure to host the “All-Scientists Meeting of the Americas”
held at the Universidad Austral de Chile.
Human society currently faces global-scale issues including loss of
biodiversity, climate change, desertification, quality and quantity of water
loss, increasing human population, high food production and demand,
energy acquisition, and resource use that threaten the earth’s life-support
systems.
A major challenge in ecosystem management and conservation is to
treat human societies as a part of nature, as well as a major influence
on ecosystem dynamics, stressing that humanity will always depend on
the life support function of the ecosystem, irrespective of technological
sophistication.
Ecosystem processes are nonlinear, multi-equilibrium, and full of surprises,
threshold effects, and system flips. Ecologists have a special understanding
of the complex, multi-scale interactions underlying the earth’s life-support
systems and we are challenged to provide a scientific basis for addressing the
above issues and to lead in developing a sense of earth stewardship.
However ecologists alone are nothing.
Resolution of these global-scale issues will require integration of knowledge
from sciences, humanities and éngineering, sources ranging from traditional
knowledge of native peoples to the most modern technological advances,
and from the local to the global scale, in contrast to the individualistic
approach to problems commonly used in the past.
Long-Term Ecological Research is a key study approach and framework,
not only to promote ecology and ecosystem sciences, but also to
deliver the scientific insights for ecosystem management and policy.
The aim of this meeting is to give an opportunity to LTER scientists
from The Americas to share their experiences regarding their results
about earth’s life-support systems. We can exchange ideas to find
simultaneous solutions to a suite of interconnected problems that
threaten the ability of the earth to provide the services and resources
on which we depend.
We hope for an interactive discussion, fluid communication and
planning, and a pleasant stay during the meeting in Chile.
Thanks,
Mariela Núñez Ávila
Welcome words from the organizers
Executive organizing committee
LTSER-Chile
03
2. Executive organizing committee
Organizer
International Long-Term Ecological Research
Network (ILTER)
Local organizing committee
Local organizing institution (LTSER - Chile)
Long-Term Socio-Ecological Research NetworkChile (LTSER - Chile)
Executive organizing committee
Juan J. Armesto, Miguel Equihua, Manuel Maass,
Mariela C. Núñez-Ávila and Ricardo Rozzi
Juan J. Armesto
Pontificia Universidad
Católica de Chile
Lohengrin Cavieres
Universidad de Concepción Pablo Donoso
Universidad Austral de Chile Aurora Gaxiola
Institute of Ecology
and Biodiversity
Julio Gutiérrez
Universidad de La Serena
Pablo Marquet
Pontificia Universidad
Católica de Chile
Mariela Nuñez Ávila
Universidad de Concepción
Ricardo Rozzi
Universidad de
Magallanes
Francisco A. Squeo
Universidad de La Serena
Rodrigo Vásquez
Universidad de Chile
Olga Barbosa
Universidad Austral
ILTER executive committee
Chair: Dr Manuel Maass - LTER Mexico.
Vice Chair: Fu Bojie - Chinese Ecosystem research
Network, Chinese Academy of Science, China.
Regional representatives
East Asia/Pacific – Eun-Shik Kim - Korea LTER,
Kookmin University, Korea.
Europe - Michael Mirtl – LTER Austria,
Environment Agency, Austria.
Europe – Kinga Krauze- LTER Poland.
America – Dr. Miguel Equihua, LTER Mexico and
member of Instituto de Ecología A.C (INECOL)
Southern Africa– James Chimphamba - LTER
Malawi, University of Malawi.
Coordination and logistics
Montserrat Lara
LTSER-Chile Research Manager
Cristian Frene
04
3. Partners
05
All-Scientists Meeting of the Americas
Valdivia - Chile
1 - 3 December 2014
Photography: Montserrrat Lara
4. All-Scientists Meeting of the Americas
4.1 Program
01 December
02 December
13:00 - 17:00
Registration Desk Open (Science Faculty Hall)
Inauguration (Auditorium, Faculty of Sciences)
8:45 - 9:00
Introduction to the day and housekeeping
17:00 - 17:50
Welcome remarks
Welcome words from local authorities
Welcome words from the organizers
Mariela Nuñez Avila, Universidad de Concepcion, Chile. LTSER Chile
Miguel Equihua, ILTER Americas Region Representative
Manuel Maass, Chair ILTER
17:50 - 18:20
Conceptual Framework
All-Scientists Meeting of the Americas.
· Opportunities and Challenges for ILTER collaborations across the
Americas. Miguel Equihua, Instituto de Ecología, AC (Inecol/Sistema
CONACyT)
· Tackling conceptual and geographical gaps in LTSER partnerships
across the Americas. Ricardo Rozzi, University of North Texas,
Universidad de Magallanes, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad,
LTSER Chile
· Strategic agenda for implementing inter-American ILTER partnerships.
Patrick Bourgeron, University of Colorado, US LTER
18:20 - 19:00
Discussion
19:00 - 21:00
Welcome Reception (Science Faculty Hall)
Session I:
LTSER Experience around the world
(Auditorium, Faculty of Sciences)
9:00 - 9:30
Keynote presentation 1: Genesis, evolution, and trends of a large-scale field
manipulation in semiarid north-central Chile. Andrea Previtali (Universidad
Nacional del Litoral, Argentina)
9:30 - 9:45
Management and maintenance of a very large small mammal database in
a 25 year live-trapping study in the Chilean semiarid zone. Bryan Milstead
(Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, USA), Peter
L. Meserve, Douglas A. Kelt, M. Andrea Previtali, Julio R. Gutiérrez.
9:45 - 10:00
LTSER Montado: Socio-ecological research and monitoring in a
Mediterranean cultural landscape. Margarida Santos-reis (Centro de
Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa,
Portugal), Paula Gonçalves, C Branquinho, C Máguas, Maria João Pereira, João
Santos-Pereira, Rui Ferreira dos Santos, Francisco Petrucci-Fonseca.
10:00 - 10:15
The Chamela-Cuixmala LTSER: a 30 years long journey. Angelina MartínezYrizar (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México) & Patricia
Balvanera
10:15 - 10:45
Coffee (Science Faculty Hall)
07
Session II:
Urban ecosystems and hydrological long-term studies
10:45 - 11:15
Keynote presentation 2: The Global Lake Ecological Observatory
Network (GLEON): a novel approach to using high frequency data
for international team science. Kathleen Weathers (Cary Institute of
Ecosystem Studies, Milbrook, NY, USA)
11:15 - 11:30
Dynamic assessment of urban hydrologic components using SWAT.
Samapriya Roy (Indiana University, USA), Rinku Roy Chowdhury,
Darren L. Ficklin.
11:30 - 11:45
Moving from an ecology of cities to an ecology for cities to promote
urban sustainability: A global approach and a novel transdisciplinary
strategy. Daniel Childers (Arizona State University, USA) & Steward
Pickett
Session III:
Socio-ecological research in marine ecosystems
11:45 - 12:15
Keynote presentation 3: Larval dispersal, recruitment and dynamics
of coastal ecosystems: the need for interdisciplinary studies to protect
the coastal ocean. Sergio Navarrete (Pontificia Universidad Católica
de Chile, Chile)
12:15 - 12:30
Long term monitoring of coral reefs in the Mexican Pacific: achievements
and socio ecological implications in a climate-changing world. Héctor Reyes
Bonilla (Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de
Ensenada, México), Luis E. Calderon-Aguilera, R. Andrés López-Perez, Amilcar
L. Cupul-Magaña, M. Dinorah Herrero, Pedro Medina-Rosas, José D. Carriquiry,
Fabián A. Rodríguez-Zaragoza, Eugenio Carpizo-Ituarte, Edgar Robles Zavala,
Eduardo Balart.
12:30 - 12:45
Long-term monitoring of the marine benthos of Comau Fjord, Chilean
Patagonia. Günter Försterra (Huinay Scientific Field Station, Chile) & Vreni
Häussermann
13:00 - 14:00
Lunch (Science Faculty Hall)
Session IV:
Long-term studies of temperate and tropical forests: Parallels and contrasts
(Room next to Auditorium, Faculty of Sciences)
11:45 - 12:15
Keynote presentation 4: Five years of forest ecosystem responses to
experimental drought. Aurora Gaxiola (Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity,
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile)
12:15 - 12:30
Long-term studies to generate the scientific bases for ecological restoration
of Juan Fernandez terrestrial biodiversity. Rodrigo Vargas (Universidad de La
Frontera, Chile) Cecilia Smith, Rodrigo Molina.
12:30 - 12:45
Foundation species in forests of the Americas.
Aaron Ellison (Harvard Forest, Harvard University, USA)
08
14:00 - 16:00
Plenary Session (Auditorium, Faculty of Sciences)
Consolidating the ILTER, All-Americas Region Coordinators:
Miguel Equihua, Instituto de Ecología, AC (Inecol/Sistema CONACyT)
Ricardo Rozzi, University of North Texas, Universidad de Magallanes,
Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, LTSER Chile
Manuel Maass, Chair ILTER Executive Committee
Session IV:
Long-term studies of temperate and tropical forests: Parallels and contrasts
16:00 - 16:15
Advances in canopy ecology in Chile: results from long-term
monitoring and future challenges. Iván Díaz (Universidad Austral de
Chile, Chile)
16:15 - 16:30
Anticipating global change impacts with dynamic vegetation
models: long-term monitoring for model validation. Álvaro Gutiérrez,
(Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile)
16:30 - 17:00
Keynote presentation 5: Perspectives on Forest Ecosystems under
Global Change and Relevance of Long-Term Research. Jerry Franklin
(University of Washington, USA)
17:00 - 19:00
Poster session & Drinks (Science Faculty Hall)
20:30 - 23:00
Welcome Dinner (Boat departing from Muelle Schuster)
03 December
Session V:
ILTER sites as Infrastructural Platforms for the Integration of
Ecology and Ethics into Earth Stewardship
8:00 - 8:15
Minding the Gaps of Institutional Research: Earth Stewardship and the
Recognition of Biocultural Diversity. Alexandria Poole (University of North
Texas, USA)
8:15 - 8:45
Keynote presentation 6: Addressing the Technosphere and Earth Stewardship
with the transition from LTER to LTSER. Charles Redman (Arizona State
University, USA)
8:45 - 9:00
Ethical and Social Priorities in Sustainability Indexes. Sarah Fredericks
(University of North Texas, USA)
9:00 - 9:15
Socio-ecological Studies of Urban Ecosystems in Valdivia and Wineries in
Central Chile. Olga Barbosa (Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile)
9:15 - 9:30
Biocultural Ethics for Earth Stewardship: Broadening ILTSER from SocioEconomic to Socio-Ecological. Ricardo Rozzi (University of North Texas,
Universidad de Magallanes, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, LTSER
Chile)
9:30 - 10:00
Coffee and discussion (Science Faculty Hall)
09
Workshops
10:00 - 12:30
4.2 Participants
Workshop I. An international, socio-ecological framework to provide
hydrological co-benefits with a changing climate. Tiffany Troxler (Florida
International University, University of New Hampshire,
Arizona State University, USA), William McDowell, Charles Redman
(Cristofanini Room)
The meeting gathered over 90 scientists from 11 countries and 50
different institutions, mainly universities (32) and research centers (13),
with a few NGOs and government agencies also participating.
Workshop II. What are the foundation species in American forests? Aaron
Ellison (Harvard Forest, Harvard University, USA)
(Forestry Faculty)
Workshop III. The need to improve the observation of the coastal ocean in the
Southeastern Pacific: A discussion of the practical and institutional limitations.
Sergio Navarrete (ECIM-Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Universidad de
Concepción, CEAZA), Fabián Tapia, Bernardo Broitman.
(Room next to Auditorium, Faculty of Sciences)
Workshop IV. Best practices for the management of long-term ecological
research data: an opportunity to share lessons learned. Bryan Milstead (U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, USA.) & Andrea Previtali (Universidad
Nacional del Litoral
Santa Fe, Argentina)
(Sala Claustro, 3rd Floor Science Faculty)
12:45 - 13:05
Concluding Remarks (Auditorium, Faculty of Sciences)
Workshop coordinators
13:05 - 13:20
Summary, reflections and challenges. Miguel Equihua
10
4.3 Abstracts
The meeting brought together the presentation of 49 research works: 6 keynote talks, 15 oral presentations and 28 posters.
Keynote presentations
Franklin J F. Perspectives on Effects of Climate Change on Forest Ecosystems and Relevance of Long Term Research
Gaxiola A. Five years of forest ecosystem responses to experimental drought
Meserve et al. Genesis, evolution, and trends of a large-scale field manipulation in semiarid north-central Chile
Navarrete S. Larval dispersal, recruitment and dynamics of coastal ecosystems: the need for interdisciplinary studies to protect the coastal ocean
Redman C L. Addressing the Technosphere and Earth Stewardship
Weathers K. The Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON): a novel approach to using high frequency data for international team science
Oral presentations
Childers D L & Pickett S T. Moving from an ecology of cities to an ecology for cities to promote urban sustainability:
A global approach and a novel transdisciplinary strategy
Díaz I A. Advances in canopy ecology in Chile: results from long-term monitoring and future challenges
Ellison A M. Foundation species in forests of the Americas
Försterra G & Häussermann V. Long-term monitoring of the marine benthos of Comau Fjord, Chilean Patagonia
Fredericks S. Ethical and Cultural Priorities in Sustainability Indexes
Gutiérrez A G. Anticipating global change impacts with dynamic vegetation models: long-term monitoring for model validation
Martínez-Yrizar A & Balvanera P. The Chamela-Cuixmala LTSER: a 30 year long journey
Milstead B. et al. Management and maintenance of a very large small mammal database in a 25 year live-trapping study in the Chilean semiarid zone
Poole A. Minding the Gaps of Institutional Research: Earth Stewardship and the Recognition of Biocultural Diversity
Reyes Bonilla H. et al. Long term monitoring of coral reefs in the Mexican Pacific:
achievements and socio ecological implications in a climate-changing world
Roy S. et al. Dynamic assessment of urban hydrologic components using SWAT
Rozzi R. Biocultural Ethics for Earth Stewardship: Broadening ILTSER from Socio-Economic to Socio-Ecological
Santos-Reis M. et al. LTSER Montado: socio-ecological research and monitoring in a Mediterranean cultural landscape
Vargas R. et al. Long term studies to generate the scientific bases for ecological restoration of Juan Fernandez terrestrial biodiversity
11
Poster Presentations
Aguilera Bazaes R. et al. Nitrogen cycle in the sclerophyllous vegetation: a long-term evaluation in Central Chile
Armas C. et al. Responses of the dominant shrubs of a semiarid thorn scrub community in north-central Chile to small mammal exclusion
and climate variability
Bonet García F J. et al. Information management tools to aid environmental decision making and long term research in Sierra Nevada
LTER platform (Spain)
Caballero P. et al. Audiovisual media as an important tool for outreach at the Omora Park LTSER (55°S).
Castillo S. et al. How Does Ecology and Ethics Meets in Tourism and Conservation at the Southernmost Forests?
Chung Y A & Rudgers J A. Effects of plant-microbe interactions on intra- and interspecific competition in desert grasses
Contador T. et al. Underwater with a Hand Lens: contributing to the valuing and conservation of freshwater ecosystems in the Magellanic Sub-Antarctic
Ecorregion, Chile
Contador T. et al. Life cycles of freshwater invertebrates and global climate change in the sub-Antarctic Magellanic ecoregion:
long-term ecological research at the Omora Park LTSER (55°S)
Delgado Balbuena J. et al. When a tropical semiarid grassland functions as a source of carbon to the atmosphere: observations of climate variability and
CO2 fluxes
Dettweiler-Robinson E & Litvak M. Temperature and moisture response of biological soil crust carbon flux and contributions to total ecosystem carbon
exchange
Domic A I & Maldonado A. Airborne pollen production and pollen dispersion in a swamp forest fragment in the semiarid coast of Chile
Fernández Murillo M P. et al. Effects of microhabitat and herbivory on flowering and fruiting patterns of annual plant species in a Chilean semiarid
ecosystem
Fitzek R. Ecological Restoration of Fitzroya cupressoides designed for long term assessment at Huinay Scientific Field Station, Northern Patagonia, Chile
Gutierrez J R. et al. What is the termite role in semiarid scrublands of north-central Chile?
Gutierrez N. et al. Monitoring the recovery of the periurban montane cloud forest around Mérida, Venezuela
Hernández A. et al. Current state and local perception of ecosystem services in lowland plains of Apure state, Venezuela:
opportunities and needs for long term research
Loheide S P & Zipper S C. The influence of shallow groundwater on crop productivity
Martínez García F. et al. The Spanish Vascular Flora Monitoring Network
Moses K. et al. US-Chilean Exchanges to link Long-Term Socio-Ecological Research and Sustainable Development at Omora Park – LTSER-Chile
Muñoz-Pedreros A. et al. Ecological restoration of native forest in the coastal mountains of southern Chile. 17 years of monitoring and evaluation
Pérez-Luque A J. et al. Monitoring the impacts of global change in Sierra Nevada LTER platform (Southern Spain): preliminary results
12
Reid B. et al. Lakes as Sentinels in Patagonia: Community Based Approach to Monitoring Global and Local Change in the Landscape
San Gil I. et al. The Drupal Ecological Information Management System. Modern, open source, easy and integral site data and information management
delivery solution for you
Weaver R N. et al. Field Environmental Philosophy and Transformative Discovery, Education, and Conservation Processes at the southernmost LTSER-Chile
site and beyond
Zamora Rodríguez R J. et al. Structure of the global change monitoring program conducted in Sierra Nevada LTER platform (Spain)
Zaragoza E. et al. Land Use in the Natural Protected Areas for the Mexican Prairie Dog (Cynomys mexicanus): an evaluation at different temporal scales
Znachor P. et al. Effects of weather extremes on phytoplankton structure and composition in a freshwater reservoir
4.3.1 Keynote presentations
Perspectives on Effects of Climate Change on Forest Ecosystems and Relevance of
Long Term Research
Franklin J F1
1School of Environmental and Forest Science, University of Washington
Global environmental changes are most likely to be most immediately and profoundly experienced in established
forest ecosystems through altered disturbance regimes. This is because forest trees have significant capacity
to adapt to altered environmental conditions but are highly sensitive to environmental conditions in their
regeneration phase. Vulnerability and the potential for increasing forest resistance and resilience to disturbances
display broad patterns of variability depending upon forest diversity (e.g., species richness and relative dominance
of angiosperms or conifers) and the characteristic disturbance regime (e.g., chronic or highly episodic fire).
Comprehensive understanding of forest ecosystems is critical to understanding their vulnerability to climate
change and approaches to reducing that vulnerability. Long-term research is critical to the critical knowledge base
as well as to identifying climate-related changes in the composition, structure and function of forest ecosystems.
Five years of forest ecosystem responses to experimental drought
Gaxiola A1, 2
1Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Chile, 2Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
In order to evaluate the ecosystem effects of reductions in rainfall as predicted by climate change models for
southern Chile, in 2008, we designed and established a field experiment that excludes 30% of summer rainfall
(summer drought) from two 20x20 m plots of c. 80 yr-old evergreen temperate rainforests in Chiloé Island (42°S).
After 5 years of repeated summer drought, litter production and soil respiration increased with respect to control
plots but litter decomposition rates remained relatively unchanged. Preliminary results of this experiment will
be discussed in the context of long-term monitoring of the dynamics of Chilean forest ecosystems under climate
change.
14
Genesis, evolution, and trends of a large-scale field manipulation in semiarid north-central Chile
Meserve P L1, Kelt D A2, Gutiérrez J3, Milstead B4, Previtali M A5
1University of Idaho, 2University of California, Davis, 3Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile, 4U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
5Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
Long-term study sites require a foundation of baseline work in order to formulate research questions and focus
monitoring. In the 1980’s, much attention was directed towards the role of biotic interactions as regulatory factors
in communities. In 1973-1975, we collected preliminary data on small mammals at a semiarid site in northcentral Chile that suggested the importance of top-down biotic interactions including predation and interspecific
competition. Therefore, in 1989, we initiated a large-scale ecological experiment in a thorn scrub community using
a reductionist approach. Fenced exclosures were installed to selectively exclude vertebrate predators (raptors and
foxes), and putative competitors/herbivores (a medium-sized rodent, the Chilean degu) from replicated 0.56 ha
grids. Since then, small mammals have been inventoried monthly using mark-recapture techniques. Additional
metrics collected include predator activity and diets, perennial shrub and ephemeral cover, and soil seed densities.
Although transitory effects of predation, as well as indirect facilitation by degus were detected, bottom-up
environmental factors play a major, overriding role in this system. These are tied to varying rainfall which in turn is
strongly affected by El Niño Southern Oscillations (ENSOs). Rainfall has dramatic effects on the plant community,
and thus, resources in the community; food addition experiments verified the importance of resources for small
mammal herbivores during droughts. High rainfall events trigger percolating-upward increases in their predators.
Since 2000 there has been a pattern of higher, less variable precipitation here, which has led to a major shift in the
small mammal assemblage. Degus now comprise a consistently higher proportion of the small mammal biomass,
and there has been less year-to-year variation in assemblage composition and diversity. As degu foraging activities
indirectly facilitate invasion of exotic ephemerals, and herbivory may affect other components, this has the
potential to greatly alter local community structure.
As the project has evolved, we have expanded monitoring of other organismal groups including lizards, insects,
birds, and lagomorphs (rabbits and hares). Increases in the last group as well as evidence for strong community
effects have spurred additional treatments specifically targeting their exclusion and potential interactions among
mammalian herbivores in the assemblage.
15
Keeping a long-term project such as this one relevant and current requires frequent assessment of emergent
trends as well as new experiments. Changes since 2000 suggest that critical transitions (sensu Scheffer) may
have occurred, and that these are a product of on-going climate change. Work continues to elucidate these
consequences, and their implications for the ecology and sustainability of the north-central semiarid zone in Chile.
Larval dispersal, recruitment and dynamics of coastal ecosystems: the need for
interdisciplinary studies to protect the coastal ocean
Navarrete S1
1Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Dispersal, the movement of individuals from the point of origin to a destination where reproduction occurs,
occurs over widely varying spatial and temporal scales in all organisms and ecosystems of the world, and involving
different life stages. In many marine organisms, the adult stage is sedentary or completely sessile and dispersal
occurs mostly during the larval stage. Since development occurs through the larval stage, dispersal in these
organisms is not optional and the longer the development time, the lower the chances of local reproduction, i.e.
retention near the parental population. As a consequence, the scales of dispersal in marine systems often approach
or surpass the scales relevant for spatial management, fisheries and conservation. Here I illustrate the importance
of considering dispersal and why conservation efforts in the coastal environment must be envisioned as networks
of sites that can deeply influence each other, both trough the biology and ecology of the organisms, but also
through the character of the coastal ocean and, especially, through human activities within and outside protected
areas . First, long-term studies at the marine reserve of Las Cruces show that local transformation of the seascape
inside the reserve, as a result of the exclusion of humans 33 years ago, has had no effect on patterns of recruitment
of the dominant species. Species that dramatically increased in abundance inside the reserve, or those that have
nearly disappeared, show patterns of recruitment that are no different to those observed in nearby areas outside.
This illustrates that scales of dispersal of most coastal species greatly surpass the scale of this small reserve.
Second, monthly observations of invertebrate recruitment at multiple sites for the past 15 years show that large
inter-annual variation in arrival of kelp crabs to shore may have its root in individual larval physiology. Indeed,
physiological experiments show that swimming activity of the ready-to-settle crab larave is strongly hampered
by water temperatures (SST) that exceed 18-19°C. Remote satellite imagery suggest such temperatures are rarely
if ever perceived by larvae in the coastal ocean of central Chile, but in situ high frequency monitoring of SST
16
show that such high temperatures are variable among sites, but common for few hours of the day each summer.
Estimated exposure to such temperatures during the recruitment season can explain over 60% of the inter-annual
variation in kelp crab recruitment at all sites. i.e. non-lethal physiological responses of late larval stages may have
profound consequences on benthic populations. Results illustrate that, despite the great contribution of satellite
remote sensing, understanding the consequences of climate change requires that we urgently improve in situ
observation of the ocean. Finally, we document through theoretical and empirical studies that, in many competitive
systems, coexistence between competitors for space may not be possible or even facilitated by segregation across
vertical environmental gradients, or by the typical colonization-competition tradeoff, but that it hinges critically
on the character of the dispersal and connectivity among local sites. Such processes and its consequences for local
diversity of species must be born in mind when designing reserve and management areas, or when interpreting
results from long-term study sites.
Addressing the Technosphere and Earth Stewardship
Redman C L1
1Arizona State University
Scientists develop conceptual frameworks in an effort to better understand and manage the world around them.
The dominant framework for most scientists concerned with Earth Stewardship is a coupled human-natural
systems framework (also referred to as SES). This framework continues to provide new insights and promising
management strategies. However, I propose that the explicit addition of a third major domain, infrastructure/
technology would more accurately reflect the key dynamics in today’s world and allow more sustainable outcomes.
Further I argue that scientists associated with each of these domains adhere to overlapping, but distinct sets
of rules and fundamental assumptions that inhibit successful interdisciplinary collaboration. Rectifying this
misalignment should be a cornerstone of future Earth Stewardship.
17
GLEON: Integrating Networks of People, Hardware, and Data Leads to Effective Team Science
Weathers K1, Hanson P C2
1 Co-Chair GLEON, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY USA, 2Co-Chair, GLEON, University of Wisconsin, Center for Limnology,
Madison, WI USA
When we think of sensor networks, we often focus on hardware deployments and the resulting data. Yet, for
networks that cross institutional boundaries, such as distributed federations of observatories, people are critical.
They establish the linkages and enable access to data. In the Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON),
we found that careful integration of three networks --people, hardware, and data--was essential to providing an
effective and successful research environment. Accomplishing this integration is not trivial and requires a shared
vision among members, explicit attention to the emerging tenets of the science of team science, and training of
scientists at all career stages. In GLEON these efforts have resulted in scientific inferences covering new scales,
crossing broad ecosystem gradients, and capturing important environmental events. Network-level capital has
been increased by the deployment of instrumented buoys, the creation of new data sets and publicly available
models, and the formation of international teams of scientists. Our approach unites a diverse membership in
GLEON-style team science, with emphasis on training and engagement of graduate students.
4.3.2 Oral Presentations
Moving from an ecology of cities to an ecology for cities to promote urban sustainability:
A global approach and a novel transdisciplinary strategy
Childers D L1, Pickett S T2
1Arizona State University, 2Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Understanding urban sustainability and improving the ability of policy-makers to achieve sustainable management are pressing needs of the 21st century.
As urban ecologists become involved in the “knowledge to action” mantra of sustainability, they are moving from the holistic study of the ecology of cities
to an urban ecology for cities. Learning how to enable sustainable transitions for cities requires an understanding of the myriad transitions urban systems
will face. This is a primary goal of the Urban Sustainability Research Coordination Network (RCN), which is a global network of more than 75 participants
representing more than 45 cities on 6 continents. We will present a conceptual framework that expands the Industrial to Sanitary to Sustainable City model
to include non-sanitary cities, “new cities”, and transition options for cities encountering “triggers of change”. Several existing theoretical frameworks,
including sustainability, resilience, adaptation, and vulnerability, may be helpful when considering urban transitions. We suggest that these theories
interact through inertia in urban systems, and that institutional, infrastructural, and social inertias impart degrees of rigidity that make urban systems less
flexible when facing transitional triggers and change. Solutions to urban sustainability challenges include: 1) those that “tweak” the current systems and
work with the inertia in those systems, versus; 2) those that are more “transformative” and confront systemic inertia. We have a number of examples from
our Urban Sustainability RCN that integrate urban ecological research while incubating solutions-oriented products and collaborative partnerships with
practitioners. We argue that a novel strategy to accomplish this involves the transdisciplinary co-production of real-world solutions by urban ecologists,
architects and designers, engineers, planners, and citizens. We will present one example of this from an experimental streetscape project in Goodyear, AZ
(near Phoenix, Arizona USA). This is just one example of how integrating ecology, design, social science, and policy moves us from an ecology of cities to an
ecology for cities in order to support and advance urban sustainability.
Advances in canopy ecology in Chile: results from long-term monitoring and future challenges
Díaz I A1
1Universidad Austral de Chile
Our studies of Chilean forest canopies showed an enormous biodiversity of plants and animals living on trees. Over 30 epiphyte species support a
high biomass of invertebrates, including functional groups such as decomposers. These epiphytes retain water, accumulate debris and facilitate the
colonization by more epiphytes. A seven years study showed that strangler trees increase canopy biodiversity without damaging their host. Currently,
we are developing a long-term monitoring program of canopy biodiversity in the southern Chile temperate rainforests.
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Foundation species in forests of the Americas
Ellison A M1
1Harvard University, Harvard Forest
Foundation species create and define particular ecosystems; control in large measure the distribution and abundance of associated flora and fauna;
and modulate core ecosystem processes. In forests, foundation species are large, long-lived, late-successional trees whose ecological characteristics and
functions rarely co-occur in other species. Comparisons among foundation species of North and South American forests may provide opportunities for
creating general theories of forest dynamics.
Long-term monitoring of the marine benthos of Comau Fjord, Chilean Patagonia
Försterra G1, Häussermann V1
1Huinay Scientific Field Station
Huinay Scientific Field Station was built in 2001 in Comau Fjord, Chilean Patagonia, and is receiving visiting scientists since 2003. We started monitoring
benthic communities in 2003, where we made photo transects down to 30 m depth at 6 sites. Since that time, we have been photographing and sampling
benthic invertebrates, which we send to taxonomic specialists for identification. In cooperation with 49 scientists from 25 institutions and 13 countries,
we published the taxonomic field guide “Marine Benthic Fauna of Chilean Patagonia” in 2009, which is intended to serve as baseline to identify the
poorly known marine fauna of the region. In 2009, we installed recruitment plates at two additional sites which have been photographed every three
months since that time. We also put out three cement tubes for experiments. In 2014, we installed fixed spots at two more sites, and three cement tubes
at a second site. These tubs will be used for further recruitment experiments. We will present our experience with long-term monitoring of the benthic
communities and our first results including changes of the communities, probably due to the intensive aquaculture in Comau Fjord.
Ethical and Cultural Priorities in Sustainability Indexes
Fredericks S1
1University of North Texas
Economic and health indicators are often used to monitor social well-being in socio-ecological research. Yet these indicators do not sufficiently monitor
the social impacts of social-ecological activities. Ethical commitments such as the just distribution of environmental benefits and burdens as well as
local priorities such as the ability to worship in traditional places are also significant elements of social well-being. Methods of incorporating ethical
commitments and cultural priorities into socio-ecological assessments will be discussed.
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Anticipating global change impacts with dynamic vegetation models: long-term monitoring for model validation
Gutiérrez A G1
1Universidad Austral de Chile
Society demands from ecologists the ability to anticipate impacts of interacting drivers of global change on ecosystems. Process-based, dynamic
vegetation models (DVMs) have the potential to address this challenge by synthesizing current empirical knowledge. To provide reliable predictions, the
crucial step of DVM validation needs to be sorted out. Here I discuss how long-term monitoring can be used for DVMs validation in Chile. My aim is to
provide directions for future monitoring efforts and to illustrate their value in the DVM approach.
The Chamela-Cuixmala LTSER: a 30 year long journey
Martínez-Yrizar A1, Balvanera P1
1Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
The Chamela long-term social-ecological research site was established 30 years ago, in western Coastal Mexico. The early focus was the structure and
functioning of the tropical dry forest, within small watersheds. The area of interest was expanded to include the entire coastal region of Jalisco. The team
now includes scientists from many ecological and social disciplines collaborating on integrated watershed management, ecosystem services, and socialecological resilience. Trans-discipline is emerging through increasing interaction with local stakeholders.
Management and maintenance of a very large small mammal database in a 25 year live-trapping study in the
Chilean semiarid zone
Milstead B1, Meserve P L2, Kelt D A3, Previtali M A4
1U.S. Environmental Protections Agency, 2University of Idaho, 3University of California, Davis, 4Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
Long-term ecological research programs represent tremendous investments in human labor and capital. The amount of data generated is staggering and
potentially beyond the capacity of most research teams to fully explore. Since the funding of these programs comes predominately from governmental
institutions these data should be considered public goods. As researchers involved in these programs we have an ethical, and, increasingly legal,
responsibility to ensure the data are properly curated, archived, and ultimately made available to the larger research community. Fortunately, new tools
are available to help data managers with this task. Data can now be stored in relational databases that are archived online and processed with open
source software such as R, Rstudio, and GitHub. R is a fully functional, open source programming language that can be used for statistics, GIS, and data
management. Rstudio, also open source, extends the capabilities of R. Github, an online version control system, is fully integrated into Rstudio and
facilitates code sharing and data documentation. In this talk we will demonstrate how these tools are used to effectively manage and analyze one of the
world’s largest small mammal capture-mark-recapture databases.
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As part of a large scale experimental manipulation in the semiarid zone we initiated a small mammal capture-mark-recapture study in Parque Nacional
Bosque Fray Jorge (Chile) in 1989. Our protocol calls for monthly small mammals inventories on a minimum of 16 0.54 ha grids. During 4-day censuses,
small mammals are captured in 50 large Sherman traps, marked (if new), and standard population and condition data are recorded. During each census
there are up to 500 traps in operation leading to ~4000 trap-nights of effort/month. When we began the project we had no idea that work would last over
25 years (and counting) leading to more than a half million captures of over 81,000 individuals. Such a dataset poses special challenges for quality control
and analysis due to its enormity.
Data management procedures have evolved during the course of the study as the complexity of the data has increased, and new technology became
available. Initially capture records were stored in spreadsheets, but eventually we moved to a SAS database.
Currently, data are stored in a relational database that allows easy retrieval by statistical programs such as SAS and R. We have developed strategies for
data entry, quality control and quality assurance, version control, error handling, documentation, analysis, and data sharing typical of capture-markrecapture studies. Particular problems include reuse of tag numbers, tag changes, and observer errors. The importance of these problems has increased
over the years with the complexity of the database. In this talk we give a historical view of our data management and analysis approaches, provide
examples of problems and solutions, discuss lessons learned, and provide insights into how to work with datasets of this size.
Minding the Gaps of Institutional Research: Earth Stewardship and the Recognition of Biocultural Diversity
Poole A1
1University of North Texas, USA
ILTER sites offer an infrastructural platform to support ecological and social research for Earth Stewardship at local and global scales that can address
geographical, ecological, conceptual and institutional gaps. Unaddressed, these gaps can perpetuate blindspots to diverse forms of knowledge, cultures,
management practices, governance, and biodiversity. Often presented as a tension between facts and values, I will discuss the importance of ethics
literacy and cultural diversity for scientific collaboration with local stewards for Earth Stewardship as a method for addressing these gaps.
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Long term monitoring of coral reefs in the Mexican Pacific: achievements and socio ecological implications in a
climate-changing world
Reyes Bonilla H1, Calderon-Aguilera L E2, López-Pérez R A3, Cupul-Magaña A L4, Herrero M D5, Medina-Rosas P4, Carriquiry J D6, Rodríguez-Zaragoza F A7,
Carpizo-Ituarte E6, Robles Zavala E8, Balart E9
1Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, 2Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada CICESE, México, 3Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa,
México, 4Centro Universitario de la Costa, Universidad de Guadalajara, 5Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 6Universidad Autónoma de Baja
California, 7Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, 8Universidad del Mar, Puerto Angel, México, 9Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del
Noroeste S.C., México
We have been monitoring the main coral reefs in the Mexican Pacific (MP) since 1998, recording coral cover and relative abundance of fish and macroinvertebrates as well as characterizing the socio-economic environment. Unlike what happened in southern locations in the Eastern Pacific, coral reefs
in the MP have not been drastically affected by El Niño, showing rapid recovery to bleaching events and resilience to environmental and anthropogenic
impacts. These ecosystems provide goods and services valuated in millions of dollars per year.
Dynamic assessment of urban hydrologic components using SWAT
Roy S1, Roy Chowdhury R1, Ficklin D L1
1Indiana University
Understanding the hydrological impacts of urbanization requires analysis of 1) permeable, impermeable and hydrographic surface structures and 2)
hydrological flow volume and routing. We assess hydrological function (flow components and routing) across a set of urban Long-Term Ecological
Research sites that vary in their hydroscape structure as well as eco-climatic zones. Using remote sensing and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a
dynamic hydrological model, we evaluate the relative roles played by climate vs. urbanization patterns in governing hydrological function.
Biocultural Ethics for Earth Stewardship: Broadening ILTSER from Socio-Economic to Socio-Ecological
Rozzi R1, 2, 3
1Universidad de Magallanes, Chile, 2Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Chile, 3University of North Texas, USA
Long-Term Socio-Ecological Research (LTSER) networks offer an ideal platform to conduct transdisciplinary programs that integrate multiple geographical,
ecological, cultural, and political scales. However, ILTER still requires a broader integration of overlooked geographical regions and socio-cultural
dimensions. Frequently, socio-ecological research has focused on socio-economic factors omitting essential ethical dimensions. As a contribution to
resolve this limitation, I present the concept of “cordial reason” and the “field environmental philosophy” methodological approach, developed at the
Chilean LTSER network
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LTSER Montado: socio-ecological research and monitoring in a Mediterranean cultural landscape
Santos-Reis M1, Gonçalves P1, Branquinho C1, Máguas C1, Pereira M J2, Santos-Pereira J3, Ferreira dos Santos R4, Petrucci-Fonseca F1
1Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 2CERENA, Instituto Superior do Técnico, 3Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 4CENSE,
Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa.
The Montado is a unique agro-forestry ecosystem in the Mediterranean. Its large extent and human shaping activities through millennia resulted in a
complex productive system with a high conservation value. In socio-economic terms it stands as a multi-use system that occupies mostly ‘marginal’ areas
with limited agricultural and industrial potential. It functions as a key employment provider in Portugal and still heavily relies on traditional management
knowledge (cultural heritage). This cultural landscape is however subject to pressures and drivers of change including rural abandonment, tree mortality,
depreciation of cork market value, replacement by production forests, overgrazing, air pollution and climate change. This sets the frame for LTSER Montado
platform. An overview of ongoing research and monitoring activities will be presented.
Long term studies to generate the scientific bases for ecological restoration of Juan Fernandez terrestrial biodiversity
Vargas R1, Smith-Ramírez C2, Molina R2
1Universidad de La Frontera, Chile, 2Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Chile
The Juan Fernández Archipelago, constituted by three islands, is located 700 km west of central Chile. The archipelago is recognized globally due to its
plant endemism and high extinction rate. In 2008 we started a long term study to understand ecological processes for planning ecological restoration.
Invasion dynamics, land use analysis, regeneration ecology and genetics were covered by 40 undergraduate and graduate students, resulting in 9 scientific
publications. In 2011 we began an educational outreach program in relation to our studies. We have worked in schools of three regions of Chile, using art
as a teaching method to promote Juan Fernández biodiversity, conservation and restoration.
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4.3.3 Poster Presentations
Nitrogen cycle in the sclerophyllous vegetation: a long-term evaluation in Central Chile
Aguilera Bazaes R1,2, Pérez-Smith C2, Segura B2
1Universidad de Valparaíso, 2Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Chile
Nitrogen (N) is a key element for ecosystem functioning. The lack of information on the N cycle in Latin America (LA) is an impediment to evaluate and
project how human are altering the cycles at different scales. Our purpose is to investigate the fluxes of N for 5 years in a sclerophyllous ecosystem in
central Chile and to compare it within a climatic gradient in LA, in the scope of the IAI-CRN Nnet project. Our preliminary results show that both available N
and biological N fixation are extremely low. We expect the findings across biomes will generate guidelines for management of N cycle in LA.
Responses of the dominant shrubs of a semiarid thorn scrub community in north-central Chile to small mammal
exclusion and climate variability
Armas C1, Cortés JL1, Squeo F A1,2,3, Kelt D A4, Meserve P L5,6, Gutiérrez J R1,2,3
1Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Chile, 2Departament of Biology, Universidad de La Serena, 3Center for Advanced Studies in Arid Zones (CEAZA), 4Department of Wildlife, Fish &
Conservation Biology, University of California, 5Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, 6Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho
Since 1989 we initiated a LTSER experiment on the role of biotic interactions as regulatory factors of a thorn scrub community in north-central Chile. We
monitored the seasonal perennial cover using permanent line transects and point-intercept techniques on replicated 0.56 ha fenced exclosures with three
different treatments; exclusion of small rodent herbivores, exclusion of predators and control plots. Since 2003 we have monitored monthly phenology of
three individuals of the three dominant shrub species. We present the results.
Information management tools to aid environmental decision making and long term research in Sierra Nevada LTER
platform (Spain)
Bonet García F J1, Pérez-Pérez R1, Pérez-Luque A J1
1Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación Sistema Tierra, Universidad de Granada
The main objective of the Observatory of Sierra Nevada (Spain) is to monitor the effects of global change in this protected mountainous LTER site. We are
monitoring more than 100 environmental variables that are surrogates of ecosystem functions. A large amount of information is being created during the
monitoring. This information must be maintained within an information system so that it can be useful both to managers and scientists. The basic idea that
has inspired the design of this system is to enhance the creation of useful knowledge from raw data collected in the field. We have considered the need to
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implement adaptive management of natural resources in Sierra Nevada. We show results obtained when including the above concepts in designing and
implementing the information system.
LINARIA is a modular information system that can satisfy the needs of different types of users from academics to environmental managers. Its conceptual
framework is based on the idea of transforming information into knowledge by using the best available technology. LINARIA uses relational databases
to store and analyze all the information input. The raw data are documented by using a metadata system that is compliant with several metadata
specifications, such as EML, which is the specification for LTER sites and the ISO19115 standard. The core of LINARIA is a repository of models (called
ModeleR) that is able to document and execute different kinds of models and analytical procedures. By using ModeleR, LINARIA can process very large
amounts of data automatically. This system is especially useful to handle large amounts of data that are generated by meteorological stations, flux towers,
or other instrumentally collected atmospheric data. All information processed is visualized on a web page by means of dynamic graphs built with HTML5
standards. LINARIA also contains tools to run OLAP analyses and create multidimensional cubes that are very useful to describe large datasets. The access
to the LINARIA system is managed through Single-Sign-on (SSO) technology that allows centralized authentication.
Audiovisual media as an important tool for outreach at the Omora Park LTSER (55ºS)
Caballero P1,2,3, Rozzi R1,4,5, Saldías C2,3,5, Viano P1,2,3,5, Moreno P5,6, Sepúlveda J7
1Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Chile, 2Sub-Antarctic Biocultural Conservation Program, 3Omora Ethnobotanical Park, 4University of North Texas, USA, 5Universidad de Magallanes,
Chile, 6UMAG TV, 7Cerebro Producciones
The audiovisual media are an important tool for mass communication. Television and the internet (youtube, vimeo) reach all sectors of the community,
with much greater impact than other media. In this context, The Omora Park performs two actions: 1) the operation in Puerto Williams of TV channel of the
University of Magallanes, UMAGTV, and 2) the operation of an online video-library hosted in UMAG web page. These two media allow us to make available
audiovisual projects locally generated by the Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Omora Park and University of Magallanes.
How Does Ecology and Ethics Meet in Tourism and Conservation at the Southernmost Forests?
Castillo S1, Jiménez J E2,3, Rozzi R2,3
1Sub-Antarctic Biocultural Conservation Program, University of Magallanes, 2University of North Texas, USA, 3Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Chile
The Omora Park (OEP) is the southernmost site of LTSER-Chile and ILTER network (55°S, 67°W), in the Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve (CHBR), one of the 24
most pristine sites of the world. Here, we have developed special interest scientific tourism, combining ecological and ethical approaches. Using responses
to questionnaires from scientific tourism participants we found that (i) environmental ethics and ecology are highly represented in the knowledge
acquired, (ii) a high preference to learning about flora, fauna and culture, and (iii) that tourist prefers ecotourism above scientific tourism. We conclude that
CHBR tourists have high interest in flora, fauna and culture; conservation through education and tourism, should consider these interests.
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Effects of plant-microbe interactions on intra- and interspecific competition in desert grasses
Chung Y A1, Rudgers J A1
1University of New Mexico
Plant- microbe interactions have been hypothesized to increase coexistence in plant communities. However, few studies have tested the role of frequencydependence in microbe-mediated plant competition. We addressed this with a greenhouse experiment that investigated competition between two
grasses with two types of plant-microbe interactions. We found that negative plant-soil microbial feedbacks increased intraspecific competition (negative
frequency dependence) for the dominant plant species, which could provide a mechanism to coexistence for these two grasses.
Underwater with a Hand Lens: contributing to the valuing and conservation of freshwater ecosystems in the Magellanic
Sub-Antarctic Ecorregion, Chile
Contador T1,2, Rozzi R3,4,5, Kennedy J3, Massardo F4,5,1,2, Rendoll J4,5, Castillo S1,2
1Sub-Antarctic Biocultural Conservation Program, University of Magallanes, 2Omora Ethnobotanical Park, 3University of North Texas, USA, 4University of Magallanes, Chile, 5Institute of
Ecology & Biodiversity (IEB), Chile
To better conserve and value freshwater ecosystems in the Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve, we developed a long-term monitoring program based
on the Field Environmental Philosophy 4-step cycle. The steps include (1) interdisciplinary research on freshwater insect phenology, (2) metaphorical
communication of the river as a community of life, 3) an ecologically and ethically guided field activity called underwater with a hand lens, and 4) in-situ
conservation along the world’s cleanest water trail.
Life cycles of freshwater invertebrates and global climate change in the sub-Antarctic Magellanic ecoregion: long-term
ecological research at the Omora Park LTSER (55ºS)
Contador T1,2, Kennedy J3, Castillo S1,2, Rendoll J4, Rozzi R3,4,5
1Sub-Antarctic Biocultural Conservation Program, University of Magallanes, 2Omora Ethnobotanical Park, 3University of North Texas, USA, 4University of Magallanes, Chile, 5Institute of
Ecology & Biodiversity (IEB), Chile
The Omora Park is the southernmost site of the LTSER-Chile network. It protects the Róbalo River watershed. In 2008, we initiated long-term studies on the
phenology and thermal responses of aquatic insects associated to its sharp 1000 m altitudinal gradient, which is equivalent to 1000 km latitudinal gradient
with Antarctica. These studies will allow us to develop predictions for climate change in the Magellanic Sub-Antarctic ecorregion, and assess early signs of
global climate change.
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When a tropical semiarid grassland functions as a source of carbon to the atmosphere: observations of climate variability
and CO2 fluxes
Delgado Balbuena J1, Arredondo T1, Loescher H W2, Huber-Sannwald E1
1Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICYT), México, 2National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), USA
There is interest to understand how future scenarios of climate change will impact the role of ecosystems as sources or sinks of carbon. We recorded CO2
fluxes in a tropical semiarid grassland as well as precipitation variability to examine the influence of drought year (2011) and exceptional wet years (2013)
on the ecosystem C balance. The drought year favored ecosystem respiration over CO2 assimilation therefore the grassland functioned as a source (64 g
C m-2). Unexpectedly, the wet year with 33% more rain than average years also favored a release of 12 g C m-2 year to the atmosphere. We examined flux
controls to understand this response.
Temperature and moisture response of biological soil crust carbon flux and contributions to total ecosystem carbon
exchange
Dettweiler-Robinson E1, Litvak M1
1University of New Mexico
Biocrusts contribute to ecosystem-level carbon cycling in arid lands. We compared flux rates of crusts across the New Mexico Elevation Gradient: grassland,
shrubland, juniper savanna, and piñon-juniper woodland under three temperature and moisture levels. We compared predicted crust contribution to the
flux from the eddy covariance tower. We found high elevation crusts responded more strongly to moisture and temperature than low elevation crusts.
High elevation crusts had higher uptake rates but less contribution to total ecosystem flux compared to lower elevation sites.
Airborne pollen production and pollen dispersion in a swamp forest fragment in the semiarid coast of Chile
Domic A I1, Maldonado A1
1Center for Advanced Studies in Arid Zones (CEAZA), Chile
Naturally fragmented forests constitute a great case study to understand the effects of fragmentation on plant reproduction. Forest fragmentation has
a major impact on the genetic structure of plant species found in remnant patches. Changes in genetic diversity could be a consequence of alterations
of pollination patterns, and thus pollen movement. However, reproductive isolation of remnant plants can be counteracted if there is extensive pollen
movement across patches. In recent years, major attention has been given to changes in pollen movement in fragmented tropical forests, however there
is an urgent need to address this issue in subtropical forests. In this study, we present the results of airborne pollen production and pollen dispersion
in a naturally fragmented swamp forest patch from 2008 to 2013. A total of 10 pollen traps were installed inside (n=6) and outside (n=4) of the forest
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fragment. Pollen traps were collected annually and density of pollen grains at the family level were quantified. Additionally, data loggers were installed
inside and outside the forest patch to monitor ambient temperature and humidity as well as to assess changes in water table level. We compare spatial and
temporal variation of pollen composition within and outside of the forest fragment. Furthermore, we assess the role of climate in pollen production and
dispersion. The information generated helps to better understand fluctuations of pollen composition and pollen migration in a humid forest surrounded
by xerophytic vegetation in central Chile.
Effects of microhabitat and herbivory on flowering and fruiting patterns of annual plant species in a Chilean semiarid
ecosystem
Fernández Murillo M P1,2, Armas C1,2, Cea A1, Kelt D A3, Meserve P L4,5, Gutiérrez J R1,2,6
1Department of Biology, University of La Serena, 2Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Chile, 3Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, 4Northern
Illinois University, 5DeKalb Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, 6Center for Advanced Studies in Arid Zones (CEAZA), Chile
In 2012 we started an observational study to analyze the phenological patterns of six annual species. Plants grew underneath and outside the canopy of
the dominant shrub Porlieria chilensis in the Fray Jorge LTSER site, north-central Chile. Phenology was assessed under two herbivory treatments: control
plots and plots without access to small mammals (exclusion). On a weekly basis, we recorded the starting date, frequency (number of individuals) and
duration of three plant phenophases: vegetative growth, flowering and fruiting in ten 25x25 cm quadrats beneath shrubs and 10 in open areas per plot,
in four plots per treatment. Plantago hispidula, Bromus berterianus Lastarriaea chilensis and Viola pusilla started flowering in the second week of August.
Species like Erodium cicutarium and Linaria texana, considered exotic, had an advanced flowering (first week). Flowering peaked for all species during the
second week of September in both years under study (2012-2013). Flowering lapsed for a longer period in plants growing in open areas than beneath the
shrubs (39 ± 4 vs. 18 ± 6 days, respectively). Similar patterns were recorded for fruiting and vegetative phenophases. For all species, vegetative growth,
flowering and fruiting started earlier in small mammal exclusion plots and lasted longer than in control plots. Erodium cicutarium and Linaria texana only
completed their life cycle (i.e., fruited) when growing outside the shrubs. In conclusion, the microhabitat provided by P. chilensis and rodents altered the
phenology of annual plants with potential important consequences at species population level.
Ecological Restoration of Fitzroya cupressoides designed for long term assessment at Huinay Scientific Field Station,
Northern Patagonia, Chile
Fitzek R1
1Fundación San Ignacio del Huinay
It has been shown that before colonization Alerce (Fitzroya cupressoides) in the Andes not only occurred at high altitudes but also in the valleys, where it
is now virtually extinguished. Currently we are restoring several sites in the main Huinay valley with Alerce plants bred from local seeds collected in 2009,
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on sites where we found historic record of an Alerce grove or spontaneous recruitment during the last century. 650 plants are being distributed in groups
of 50 on a slope with Northern aspect and on a humid plain with a moisture gradient. Both sites were slashed and burned during the 20th century. Site
conditions and plant parameters as well as efforts relevant to plantations and future protection management will be recorded. Another 3.000 plants are
waiting in our nursery to be planted next year based on the initial data collected. Applying an adaptive restoration method, we hope to be able to restore
resilient self-sustaining stands at local scale where permanent annual follow-up measurements are possible, and extend the surface gradually with plants
bred from new harvests, widening genetic variability. Fitzroya cupressoides is a diecious species that produces seeds only once in several years. In 2014 we
harvested seed from 15 trees in three different locations within the Huinay reserve, and will survey the propagation success for each tree separately.
What is the termite role in semiarid scrublands of north-central Chile?
Gutierrez J R1, Vasquez H1, Pasten V1, Gutierrez G1, Riquelme O1, Meserve P L2, Kelt D A3
1University of La Serena, Chile, 2Northen Illinois University, 3University of California, Davis
Termites in most deserts of the world have a very important role in the decomposing process of woody shrubs, returning organic matter and nutrients to
the soil. After 25 years working in the Bosque Fray Jorge National Park (BFJNP) we observed this year thousands of woody shrubs killed by termites. The
species name of BFJNP termite is Neotermes chilensis, whose distribution goes from the IV to VI Region in Chile. Recent studies show that the dominant
shrub species at the site Porlieria chilensis has a very slow growth, evergreen leaves with very low amount of nutrients. Therefore, the continuous uptake of
nutrients by the shrubs with a low return to the soil produces a negative balance for the plants which dry off.
Several years of drought and the increment of dry wood probably triggered a termite outbreak in April. Rains in May would be the cause of termite
absence at the present. This termite outbreak would allow the incorporation of organic matter and nutrients to the soil, thus resetting this ecosystem. The
effect of this hidden factor was possible to discover thanks to the long-term study at the BFJNP.
Monitoring the recovery of the periurban montane cloud forest around Mérida, Venezuela
Gutierrez N1, Hernández A1, Pacheco C2, Gamez L E2, Vilanova E1, Torrez-Lezama A1
1Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de Los Andes, Venezuela, 2Escuela Técnica Superior Forestal, Universidad de Los Andes, Venezuela
Periurban forests are important ecosystems due to the environmental services, mitigation of climate change and as refuges for biodiversity. However, as
they are in the ecotone between urban and rural activities, they have been commonly replaced by urban or agricultural uses. It is the case of the periurban
montane cloud forest (PMCF) around Mérida, Venezuela, which has been seriously threatened by deforestation. To mitigate the loss of forest cover we
established an ecological restoration project aiming to recover the main attributes of the PMCF. Additionally, we propose a network of long term plots,
within the restored areas, in order assess the recovery of biodiversity and ecosystem services as well as understand biophysical and social interaction with
this forest type.
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Current state and local perception of ecosystem services in lowland plains of Apure state, Venezuela: opportunities and
needs for long term research
Hernández A1, Vilanova E1, Gutierrez N1, Torres-Lezama A1
1Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de Los Andes, Venezuela
We followed the principles of the Integrated Science for Society and the Environment (ISSE) framework to answer one core question: ¿what is the current
state of ecosystem services (ES) and how local people perceive them in the lowland plains of Apure state, Venezuela? In parallel, using the ecoregional
approach proposed by The Nature Conservancy (TNC) we were able to map those ES that were previously catalogued as critical by local communities
composed by farmers and indigenous groups. Semi-structured interviews and workshops allowed us to detect that provision services including food,
fiber and water outranked other relevant ES such as climate regulation. Cultural services were greatly acknowledged by local people and institutions with
high importance of ecotourism and heritage values for the case of indigenous areas. Overall, savanna ecosystems that are predominant in this region are
important sources of these services. However, not well regulated activities (e.g overfishing, grazing and deforestation) threaten the long term capacity of
maintaining a consistent flow of services. Here, we discuss the importance of continuous monitoring of ES by building a strategy of long term research
with a strong emphasis on the impact that human intervention has on ES. By including multiple disciplines, we expect that this information will be useful
for the design of better management policies.
The influence of shallow groundwater on crop productivity
Loheide S P1, Zipper S C1
1University of Wisconsin-Madison
For the past thirty years, the North Temperate Lakes – LTER has investigated the dynamics of lakes in landscapes comprised of lakes, wetlands, forests,
agricultural lands and urban environment. In this environment, hydrology provides a lateral connection between these ecosystems. This study focuses on
how hydrologic processes –specifically shallow groundwater– affects maize productivity in upland regions of this water-rich landscape. Extensive in-situ
measurements of plant height, leaf area index, pollination success rates, corn yield, stomatal response, soil characteristics, soil moisture, and depth to the
water table were combined with remotely sensed maps of evapotranspiration and spatially distributed measurements of crop yield at the time of harvest.
This suite of data demonstrates both instances where shallow groundwater provides a subsidy to plant growth by ameliorating adverse effects of water
shortage and cases where very shallow groundwater induces waterlogging of soils, subsequent oxygen stress and strong decreases in crop production.
This bidirectional response implies feedbacks among shifts in land-use, changes in climate, and crop production that will need to be considered to
maximize production provision of ecosystem services in this changing watershed that consists of a patchwork of natural and human-dominated
ecosystems.
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The Spanish Vascular Flora Monitoring Network
Martínez García F1, Domínguez Lozano F2, Tapia F3, Güemes Heras J4
1Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Technical University of Madrid, 2Facultad de Biología, Complutense University of Madrid, 3TRAGSATEC,
Grupo TRAGSA, Empresa de Transformación Agraria, S.A, 4Sociedad Española de Biología de Conservación de Plantas
This project (2006-2014) is an initiative supported by the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment. Within the frame of the National Climate
Change Adaptation Plan (PNACC) and the Spanish Strategic Plan on Natural Heritage and Biodiversity, the main objectives of this Network are to generate
new information and to define indicators of temporal trends in the native vegetation biodiversity. The coordination of the project has been carried out by
the public company TRAGSATEC. The Spanish Society for Plant Conservation Biology has developed the scientific tasks.
US-Chilean Exchanges to link Long-Term Socio-Ecological Research and Sustainable Development at
Omora Park – LTSER-Chile
Moses K1,2,3, Rijal R4, Morales V1,2,3, Vera R1,2,3, Massardo F1,2,5, Mansilla A1,2,5, Armesto J1,6, Kennedy J4, Jimenez J1,4,5, Rozzi R1,4,5
1Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, 2Omora Ethnobotanical Park, 3Sub-Antarctic Biocultural Conservation Program, 4University of North Texas, USA, 5Universidad de Magallanes, Chile,
6Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile,
Long-Term Socio-Ecological Research (LTSER) requires new generations of scientists to integrate biocultural diversity and transdisciplinary work at local to
global scales. The Sub-Antarctic Biocultural Conservation Program coordinated by the University of North Texas-US and the Universidad de Magallanes &
Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity-Chile, contributes to this goal by consolidating an institutional platform for exchanges at the southernmost LTSERChile study site (Omora Park, 55°S).
Ecological restoration of native forests in the coastal mountains of southern Chile: 17 years of monitoring and evaluation
Muñoz-Pedreros A1, Möller P2, Giubergia A2, Sanhueza R2
1Universidad Católica de Temuco, Chile, 2Centro de Estudios Agrarios y Ambientales (CEA), Chile
The Valdivian rainforest, one of the few cold-temperate rain forests of the world, has been degraded in the last 150 years. In 1997 we started a forest
restoration process on the island Isla del Rey (39°S, 73°W), district of Corral, in areas covered by the invasive scrub Ulex europaeus. We use phytosociological
methods, silvicultural techniques with community support and environmental education programs. The restoration was successful, including the
biological control of invasive scrub, and mobilization of local community to restore forests. We present results of 17 years of monitoring.
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Monitoring the impacts of global change in Sierra Nevada LTER platform (Southern Spain): preliminary results
Pérez-Luque A J1, Zamora Rodríguez R J1, Bonet F J1
1Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación Sistema Tierra, Universidad de Granada.
Sierra Nevada Global Change Observatory is a long term monitoring program to assess the effects of global change in Sierra Nevada LTER platform, a high
mountain region (reaching 3,482 m.a.s.l.) located in Southern Spain. The basic objective is to ensure the collection of information necessary to identify as
early as possible the impacts of global change, to design management actions that minimize them and encourage system adaptation to new scenarios.
To achieve this objective, a solid monitoring programme has been designed to evaluate the effects of global change on Sierra Nevada. This monitoring
programme, initiated in 2007, is based on thematic areas proposed by GLOCHAMORE Research Initiative (GLObal CHAnge in MOuntain REgions). A
set of 48 monitoring methodologies were defined to assess both the state of key ecological functions and the structure of the main ecosystems and
socioeconomic activities in the Sierra Nevada.
Lakes as Sentinels in Patagonia: Community Based Approach to Monitoring Global and Local Change in the Landscape
Reid B1, Caputo L2, Uribe L1, Ayllon R2, Osman D2, Fuentes R2, Marcelo W2
1Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Chile, 2Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia
The concept of lakes as sentinels of change and high frequency monitoring networks, has propelled long term monitoring and research (e.g. GLEON).
Nevertheless, there are: high start-up costs for instruments, limited resources for periodic travel to remote areas, and vulnerability from lack of on-site
supervision. Long term monitoring lakes in Chile has limited representation and frequency. We propose a simple, low cost buoy design for high frequency
monitoring, together with active citizen participation in lake monitoring, to address many of the limitations mentioned above.
The Drupal Ecological Information Management System. Modern, open source, easy and integral site data and information
management delivery solution for you
San Gil I1, Vanderbilt K1, Melendez E2, White M1, Laundre J3, Garritt H3, Gries C4, Ramsey K5, Xia Y6, Blankman D7, Kliment T7, Kwaiser K8, Raub R9, PerezLuque A J10, Chin Lin C11
1University of New Mexico, 2Universidad de Puerto Rico, 3Woods Hole Marine Lab, 4University of Wisconsin, 5New Mexico State University, 6Kansas State University, 7Europe LTER, 8University
of Michigan, 9University of Arizona, 10Universidad de Granada, 11Taiwan Forestry Research Institute
Information management systems are expensive and time consuming. Most ILTER groups cannot afford to hire a complete team of IT specialists to manage
all the products of a long term ecological research site. We present you with the Drupal Ecological Information Management System (DEIMS), an all-in-one
information management system for your group. Use the DEIMS web-forms to document your data, publications, files, images, and personnel profiles.
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Create dynamic maps from metadata spatial documentation. DEIMS automatically generates a data catalog from the documentation you enter. DEIMS
produces EML, ISO, BDP and Schema.org metadata formats. DEIMS also comes with a Data Explorer that connects to existing databases to expose and
query your data holdings.
DEIMS unites ILTER network groups with similar challenges. United, we stay abreast of the changing technical advances in information science. Join our
team! Together we will advance toward the data sharing goal of the ILTER Network.
Field Environmental Philosophy and Transformative Discovery, Education, and Conservation Processes at the
southernmost LTSER-Chile site and beyond
Weaver R N1,2, Nunez A3,4, Rijal R1, Poole A1, Fredericks S1, Kennedy J1, Jimenez J1,5,6, Rozzi R1,5,6
1University of North Texas, USA, 2Cardo’s Farm Project, Texas, USA, 3Omora Ethnobotanical Park, Chile, 4Centro de Estudios de la Composición Matta 365, Chile, 5Universidad de Magallanes,
Chile, 6Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Chile
The Field Environmental Philosophy (FEP) methodological approach, developed at the southernmost LTSER-Chile study site (Omora Park, 55°S), combines
creative philosophical and artistic endeavors with scientific discoveries to foster a transformative research, education, and conservation process. FEP
unravels the complexities between ethics and ecology, offers a methodology for active participation in situ, and provokes a continuous process of
discovery extending beyond the ILTER-Chile study site.
Structure of the global change monitoring program conducted in Sierra Nevada LTER platform (Spain)
Zamora Rodríguez R1, J Bonet García F J1, Pérez-Luque A J1
1Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación Sistema Tierra, Universidad de Granada.
Sierra Nevada is a high mountain range (reaching 3,482 m.a.s.l.) located in Southern Spain (37°N, 3°W) covering 2,000 km2. It is a Natural Biosphere Reserve
(MaB. Unesco), a Special Protection Area and Site of Community Importance (Natura 2000 network) and also a National Park. This mountain range can
be considered as one of the most important hotspots of biodiversity in the whole Mediterranean region. Sierra Nevada hosts more than 2,500 species of
vascular plants, 100 of them are endemics.
Sierra Nevada Global Change Observatory is a long term monitoring program to assess the effects of global change in this LTER site. The basic objective
is to ensure the collection of information necessary to identify, as early as possible, the impacts of global change, to design management actions that
minimize them and encourage the system’s adaptation to new scenarios. The data generated by this set of methodologies must be transformed into
useful knowledge for adaptive management of natural resources. The key issues are the integration and analysis of monitoring data by an information
management system, and the transfer of current scientific knowledge to society and the natural resource managers through effective dissemination.
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Land Use in the Natural Protected Areas for the Mexican Prairie Dog (Cynomys mexicanus): an evaluation at different
temporal scales
Zaragoza E1, Cotera M1, Scott L1, Pando M1, González H1, Estrada E1
1Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, México
The endemic Mexican prairie dog Cynomys mexicanus is a key species for the grassland ecosystem in northeast Mexico. Due to agriculture about 30% of
its original distribution range has been decreased in the last 20 years. In year 2002 three state natural protected areas for this species were established: La
Trinidad, Llano La Soledad, and La Hediondilla. The aim of this study was to determine the land use changes in these natural protected areas at different
temporal scales. The grassland surface and agricultural areas were measured with soil use and vegetation maps from INEGI (Series I, II, and III) and satellite
images of years 1973, 1990, 2001, 2004, 2006 and field data for 2010. Time series analysis examined each study site to predict events in the following years
with respect to land use. Our results indicate an increase in the agricultural area. The grassland in La Trinidad decreased from 1973 to 2006 about 27%. La
Hediondilla lost 45% of the prairie from 1973 to 2011 and from 2001 to 2011 land clearing was almost 31%. The Llano La Soledad is the natural protected
area with the smallest habitat disturbance and the most grassland availability for the Mexican prairie dog. Time series analysis indicated that La Hediondilla
and La Trinidad will continue to lose native grassland in future years if the current conditions continue.
Effects of weather extremes on phytoplankton structure and composition in a freshwater reservoir
Znachor P1, Nedoma J1, Komárková J1, Hejzlar J1, Seďa J1
1Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre AS CR, v.v.i.
Phytoplankton represent the basis of aquatic food webs and their dynamics are linked to annual fluctuation of temperature, water column mixing,
resource availability and consumption. The ongoing climate change has been recognized as an important driver affecting these factors. In addition
to a warming trend observed in numerous lakes and reservoirs worldwide, changes in rainfall patterns are predicted to result in higher frequency and
intensity of rainfall events with longer intermittent drought periods. River inflows are one of the major forcing of ecosystem function in canyon-shaped
reservoirs. Phytoplankton seasonal dynamics in a reservoir have a close relationship with hydrodynamic changes in particular – the inflow regimes and
subsequent mixing processes that distribute inflow nutrients. Using a thirty-year data set of chemical and biological parameters measured in the Římov
Reservoir (Czech LTER Site), we examined effects of weather extremes on composition and structure of plankton communities. In dry and warm seasons,
cyanobacteria prevailed benefiting from the enhanced water column stratification. On contrary, extreme rainfall events acted as disturbances shifting
seasonal planktonic events, and favored diatoms that rely mainly on turbulences to remain entrained in the water column.
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4.4 Workshops
Four workshops were held at the meeting with the objective of exchanging ideas and experiences, initiating or developing a north-south America
dialogue among researchers and thinking of future collaborations and joint projects.
4.4.1 An international, socio-ecological framework to provide hydrological co-benefits with a changing climate
Organizers: Tiffany Troxler, Florida International University. William McDowell, University of New Hampshire. Charles Redman, Arizona State University.
The decisions and actions of society concerning water supply and consumption, diversion, drainage, watershed alterations, the contamination and
eutrophication of water resources strongly affect both hydrologic functioning of the ecosystem and biota it supports, including the human system. In this
workshop ILTER Network members presented country circumstances that describe the nexus of hydrology, ecology and society and their dynamics. We
discussed about what is known, available tools and the key uncertainties and data gaps.
The goal was to set the basis to develop the societal tools and mechanisms to maximize the co-benefits that water provides to sustain our regional socioecological systems in the face of changing climate. We drew on the discussed experiences to examine commonalities that will serve the foundation of a
broad, unifying framework to conduct research that informs human management of water resources under changing climate.
The expected outcome of this workshop were to: (1) present a working framework for addressing the overarching question, (2) conduct site-specific
assessments, (3) present & discuss site-specific assessments, and (4) develop next steps for future activities.
The workshop was attended by approximately 30 participants from Chile, Mexico, and the USA. Workshop participants were asked to conduct in
regionally-based groups, 10 questions that were previously identified to characterize the regional socio-ecohydrological system. Topics posed as questions
were: (1) Social and biophysical attributes and processes, (2) Processes for and drivers of water management, (3) Attributes and processes that ameliorate
or challenge water sustainability, and (4) Anticipated changes from climate impacts, population and land-use.
Regional participants considered the topics by presenting characterizations of their LTER sites. Chilean sites presented were Valdivia and Puerto Williams. A
USA site presented was North Temperate Lakes. Other USA and Mexican participants addressed questions around resilience.
Future activities that were discussed included developing a collaborative proposal that would include Chilean, Mexican and USA sites, with the intent to
invite other participants from the ILTER Network.
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4.4.2 What are the foundation species in American forests?
Organizer: Aaron M. Ellison, Harvard University, Harvard Forest.
Foundation species create and define particular ecosystems; control in large measure the distribution and abundance of associated flora and fauna; and
modulate core ecosystem processes. Participants in this workshop were invited to suggest examples of potential foundation species in temperate and
tropical American forests, proposals or data to test hypothesized “foundational” characteristics, and begin to develop an intercontinental network to
explore foundation species across the Americas.
This workshop was attended by 9 people, and focused first on identifying different ways of thinking about foundation species in forests of the Americas,
and second on discussion of the desirability of siting one or more large forest dynamics plots in Chile. Following very engaging discussion, the participants
identified four broad categories of forest foundation species:
• Structure
• Biogeochemical
• Ontogenetic
• Species that “shape the soil”
We also discussed the importance of people’s value systems, and that it is more difficult to encourage people to value common species (such as
foundation species) than rare ones. There was some enthusiasm for siting one or more large (> 25 ha) forest dynamics plots in or around Senda Darwin,
outside of Valdivia, and possibly on Isla Navarino. We will follow up with the Smithsonian Institution to determine the requirements for siting, establishing,
and censusing plots, as well as scoping the logistical needs and estimated costs of establishing a forest dynamics plot.
4.4.3 The need to improve the observation of the coastal ocean in the Southeastern Pacific: A discussion of the practical
and institutional limitations
Organizers: Sergio Navarrete, Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Fabián Tapia, Universidad de
Concepción. Bernardo Broitman, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas.
The coast of Chile extends between 18 to 54°S and has no government-funded initiative to observe, distribute and archive different parameters
reflecting patterns environmental variability in the coastal ocean. Easy access to databases from remote observation systems implemented by developed
36
countries has dramatically improved research capabilities on land and oceans worldwide. Most of these platforms offer both archived and near-real-time
observations of multiple relevant variables at ever increasing spatial resolutions. Despite these major advancements, or partly because of them, efforts
to improve the direct observation of the coastal ocean at timescales relevant to biological responses, and spatial scales relevant to conservation and
management, have all but stalled in most developing countries.
This workshop was attended by 10 people, mostly Chileans. The urgent need for a network of observatories of the coastal ocean, together with existing
opportunities, funding, institutional and cultural limitations to make such a network a reality in Chile was discussed.
The main results of the workshop were realizing there is an opportunity to systematize, network and merge the multiyear environmental records from
different scientific groups located mainly in Coquimbo, Las Cruces and Concepcion. Along with science-led initiatives, there is a very good opportunity to
collaborate with different industrial users of the coastal ocean, in particular the aquaculture industry. The establishment and maintenance of a monitoring
network will provide multiple benefits for end-users such as decision-makers, health authorities or industrial users, who will benefit from an increased
understanding of the ecosystem services they depend upon.
The main challenges to establish such infrastructure will largely depend on the goals of the network, which will determine the locations and instruments
deployed on the observing stations. Perhaps a larger challenge is to think how to sustain the network over the longer term. A possible next step may be
to have a data fest to show and share data, analyses and perhaps use Drupal or another similar repository to share the data more widely using the LTER
network. Another important point is to decide what biological data we can collect in a reliable and sustained fashion, if it will be part of the database and
how this data can become integrated with the physical variables at hand.
The main result was a proposal to establish a repository of scientific oceanographic data in Chile led by three research centers (Pontificia Universidad
Católica de Chile, Universidad de Concepción and Center for the Advanced Study of Arid Zones) and aquaculture industry (AMIChile).
4.4.4 Best practices for the management of long-term ecological research data: an opportunity to share lessons learned
Organizers: Bryan Milstead, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency & Andrea Previtali, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina.
This workshop was attended by 19 people from six different countries.
This workshop provided a forum for those involved with data management for long-term ecological research sites to come together and share experiences
37
and discuss advances in data science. The organizers presented an overview of the state of data science and some of the resources available to researchers
to ensure that the data from ILTER sites are appropriately collected, stored, and archived. The workshop began with a presentation of the Drupal Ecological
Information Management System (DEIMS), a content management systems designed to facilitate the stewardship and documentation of ecological
datasets. This was followed by a question and answer period where participants discussed the challenges they face. The workshop ended by collecting a
set of recommendations from the participants.
This workshop was the first step in initiating a dialogue on data management among ILTER sites to ensure valuable data are safely archived and made
available for analysis by current and future researchers.
Recommendations:
• Start Now: it is clear that we need to initiate and/or improve information practices and it is imperative that we start without delay.
• Develop Simple Guides to Data Management Best Practices: many of the participants are just starting with data management and it would be helpful
to have some simple guidelines for best practices.
• Training: in addition to developing guidelines there is a need for hands on training from basic data entry and management principles to more advanced
information management and analysis procedures.
• Data Sharing: a clear concern expressed by many participants was the need to convince investigators of the need to share data. Data sharing policies
can be developed to define who can access the data, when the data will be made available, and how to properly credit the researchers for their work. The
ILTER data policy can be found here.
• Funding to Support Information Management: information management is an expensive and time consuming task. There was general agreement that
additional funding is necessary to support data managers, training, and infrastructure.
• Representative from the Americas on the ILTER Data Management Committee: the Americas are not currently represented on the ILTER data
management committee. It would be valuable to select a representative.
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4.5 Welcome Dinner
The welcome dinner was celebrated on a boat that sailed from the
main Schuster dock in Valdivia along the Calle-Calle river and around
Isla Teja during sunset. There was lots of laughing, drinks and nice
Chilean food. It all ended with people dancing!
22nd International Long-Term Ecological Research
Network Annual Coordination Committee Meeting
Ancud, Chiloe Island, Chile
4 - 8 December 2014
5. 22nd International Long-Term Ecological Research Network Annual Coordination Committee Meeting
5.1 Program
04 December
Local Symposium
9:00 - 9:15
Welcoming Remarks. Alejandra Figueroa, Jefa División de
Biodiversidad y Recursos Naturales, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente
9:15 - 9:35
A strategic plan for a Chilean long term socio-ecological research
network. Juan Armesto, PUC, IEB, FSD.
9:35 - 10:00
Omora Ethnobotanical Park: A transdisciplinary approach to
biocultural conservation. Andrés Mansilla, Universidad de Magallanes
& Ricardo Rozzi UNT, IEB, UMAG.
10:00 - 10:20
Parque Katalapi Luis Corcuera, Universidad de Concepción
10:20 - 10:40
Estación Científica Huinay Ulrich Pörschmann, Fundación Huinay
10:40 - 11:00
Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marina (ECIM)
Sergio Navarrete, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
11:00: 11:30
Coffee Break
11:30 - 11:50
Predio Llancahue Pablo Donoso, Universidad Austral de Chile
11:50 - 12:10
Fundo San Martin Mylthon Jiménez, Universidad Austral de Chile
12:10 - 12:30
Fauna Australis Field Station
Tomas Altamirano, Pontificia Universidad Católica
de Chile & Jerry Laker
13:00
Lunch
14:00 - 16:00
LTSER-Chile Internal Meeting
Science Symposium
16:00 - 17:00
The Andean Mountain Observatory
Laszlo Nagy, LTER-Brazil
17:00 - 18:00
ILTER SES Mountain Network: The Rise of Partnerships
Patrick Bourgeron, University of Colorado, US-LTER
18:00 - 19:00
Poster Session
05 December
Science Conference 8:30 - 8:45
Intro to the day and goals,
Manuel Maass & Patrick Bourgeron
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8:45 - 9:15
Global issues in managing the Land-Water-Climate nexus: The ILTER
contribution to addressing wicked problems
Patrick Bourgeron and others
9:15 - 9:45
The wicked problem of water sustainability: from concept to
implementation
Kinga Krauze
9:45 - 10:15
Biocultural Homogenization: an invisible but pervasive
wicked problem
Ricardo Rozzi
10:15 - 10:40
Coffee Break
ILTER Reports
10:40 - 11:00
The N cascade working group
Hideaki Shibata
11:00 - 11:20
Citizen forum – a website which facilitates dialogue between
scientists and the society
Eeva Furman & Petri Ahlroth
11:40 : 12:00
Program for Ecosystem Change and Society
Manuel Maass
12:00 - 12:20
Global multi-site litter decomposition experiment
Michael Mirtl & Ika Djukic
12:20 - 13:00
Preparation for the breakout groups
13:00
Lunch
14:00 - 16:00
Breakout groups
16:00 - 16:30
Coffee Break
16:30 - 17:30
Reports and Action Items
17:30 - 19:00
Poster session
06 December
Senda Darwin Biological Station (SDBS) Fieldtrip
8:00
Departure from Ancud
8:40
Arrival to SDBS
8:40 - 10:00
Public committee sub committee meeting
10:00 - 10:15
Coffee Break
10:15 - 11:00
Information management meeting
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11:15 - 14:00
Visit to SDBS Experimental Sites
14:00 - 17:00
Barbecue
17:30
Return to Ancud
07 December
13:00 - 13:10
Welcome and introductions
13:10 - 13:25
Quorum and adoption of agenda
Proxy votes
Matters from 2013 Minutes
Recommendations and motions for adoption
13:25 - 14:00
New networks applying for membership
The Netherlands
Belgium
Norway
14:00 - 14:50
Regional ILTER Progress Reports
Europe (Michael Mirtl)
East Asia/Pacific (Eun-Shik Kim)
North America (Miguel Equihua)
Break for coffee/tea
15:10 - 16:10
Network reports
16:10 - 17:00
Links with other programs and initiatives
Global Land Project (Hideaki Shibata)
Eco-Hydrology UNESCO (Kinga Krauze)
GEO & GEOSS/ GEO BON (Global Biodiversity Observation Network) (Terry Parr)
IPBES (Johan Pauw)
PECS (Manuel Maass)
NEON (Patrick Bourgeron)
IAEA Global Climate Change - Isotopes Project (Michael Mirtl)
17:00 - 17:10
Participation in International Conferences
Next INTECOL meeting in China 2017 (Eun-Shik Kim)
17:10 - 17:25
Bottom Up initiatives
Encourage the development of new multi-network R&D projects.
08 December
9:00 - 9:50
Report from the Science Sub-Committee (Chair - Patrick Bourgeron)
Sub-Committee composition
Project reports:
- Adaptation To Climate Change: Key Drivers of Change and Responses
- Socio-biogeochemical interactions – nitrogen.
- Citizens Panel for analyzing socio-ecological interactions
MOU with NEON.
Recommendations and motions for adoption, including funding requests
9:50 - 10:40
Report from the Public/Policy Sub- Committee (Chair – Johan Pauw)
Website status
Mendeley update & database for sharing information on publications
Assessment & monitoring of the published outputs of ILTER
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Education
Committee composition.
Recommendations and motions for adoption, including funding
requests.
Break for coffee/tea etc.
11:00 - 11:10
Training
Summer schools (Hideaki Shibata)
Training Workshop on Ecosystem Monitoring and Management for
Developing Countries (Xiubo-yu)
11:10 - 12:00
Report from the Information Management Sub-Committee (ChairDavid Blankman)
Committee composition
Agreement on development priorities and roles for 2015
Lunch
Closed Doors Session (Only CC Members)
13:00 - 13:15
New Member Networks Discussion
Discussion of new member networks applications
13:15 - 13:30
Inactive members status
Last year at risk member networks (discussion on action needed this year):
New members at risk for this or next year
13:30 - 13:50
Analysis of Regional activity
13:50 - 14:05
Treasurer’s report (Tim Clancey)
Account Balance
Subscription process
14:05-14:40
Election Process (Co-Chair and Sub-Committee Chairs)
Words of support for any candidate
Voting
Break for coffee/tea etc.
15:00 - 15:15
Result of Elections
Results
Brief speeches of elected members
Recommendations and motions for adoption.
15:15 - 15:30
Proposed changes to By-Laws
Review wording of “ILTER Affiliated sites”
Special cases
15:30 - 15:50
Date and location of future meetings
Arrangements for the 2015 meeting
All Science Meeting Initiative
Suggestions for future meetings 2016 and beyond
15:50 - 16:00
Final Remarks and Acknowledgements
16:30 - 17:30
Wrap-Up Executive Committee Meeting (only past and new elected
EC members)
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5.2 Participants
The meeting gathered 70 scientists from 26 countries covering all five
continents. From the 38 active network members, 21 were represented
in the meeting. Participants represented 48 different institutions, mainly
universities (25) and research centers (17), with a few NGOs (2) and
government agencies (4) also participating.
5.3 Presentations
Felipe Martínez García y Regino Jesús Zamora Rodríguez (*Spain); Margarida
Santos Reis (*Portugal); Yi-Ching Lin (*Taiwan); Tiffany Troxler and Patrick
Bourgeron (*United States).
Proxy Votes: France had the Proxy Vote of *Bulgaria; Finland PV of *Latvia;
Korea PV of *Philippines; Portugal PV *Poland; Mexico PV *Romania; Czech
Republic PV *Slovakia, and Brazil PV of *Venezuela.
1. New networks applying for membership
Go to presentations
5.4 Coordinating Committee Meeting Minutes (summary)
By: Manuel Maass, Lyliana Rentería and David Blankman
The following is a summary of the CC Meeting minutes.
ILTER Coordinating Committee have the full version
Meeting Attendants List (* voting member):
Manuel Maass (Mexico – Chair); Tim Clancy and Nikki Thurgate
(*Australia); Michael Mirtl (*Austria); Maurice Hoffmann (Belgium);
Francisco Antônio Rodrigues Barbosa (*Brazil); Ricardo Rozzi and
Juan Armesto (*Chile); Honglin He, Xuebing Guo, Xiubo Yu, (*China);
Petr Znachor (*Czech Republic); Martin Forsius (*Finland); Cecile
Marechal (*France); Peter Haase (*Germany); Daniel Orenstein and
David Blankman (*Israel); Giorgio Matteucci (*Italy); Hideaki Shibata
and Tsutomu Enoki (*Japan); Miguel Equihua (*Mexico); Bruno Ens
(Netherland); Frank Hanssen (Norway); Vesna Crnojević and Vladimir
Crnojević (*Serbia); Tanja Pipan (*Slovenia); Johan Pauw (*South
Africa); Eun-Shik Kim (*South Korea); Francisco Javier Bonet García,
· Bruno Ens presented the application of Netherlands LTER National Network.
· Maurice Hoffmann presented the application of Belgium LTER National
Network.
· Frank Hanssen presented the application of Norway LTER National Network.
After the presentations there was time for question and answers.
During the the Closed Door Session on December 8 the following was
agreed:
· Accept Belgium LTER network.
· Accept the Netherlands LTER network with the expectation that they will
have more than one site in the next two years.
· Provisionally accept Norway LTER network with the condition that they
will be reviewed in 2 years and with the expectation that the network’s
conformation plans will be fully implemented by then, and with clear
evidence that, in addition to the monitoring program mentioned in the
presentation, the network will also be engaged in ecosystem research.
2. Regional ILTER Progress Reports
A. Michael Mirtl presented the regional report from Europe. Among the
highlights: The application of Norway, Belgium and Netherland would allow
45
a complete coverage of northeastern biogeographic zone; a funding
proposal was presented at the Horizon 2020 Program call including
most networks of the region.
B. Eun-Shik Kim presented the regional report from East Asia and the
Pacific. Among the highlight: A very successful regional meeting took
place at the Philippines; Laos, Vietnam and Indonesia has been active
and preparing application for ILTER in the near future; CERN will invest
20 million USD during 2016-2020 to upgrade infrastructure.
C. Miguel Equihua presented the regional report from the Americas.
Among the highlights: an All Science Meeting was successfully
conducted in Chile, with the participation of young scientists and with
a strong socio-ecological emphasis (including an ethics component);
Mexico, a country highly committed to open data, is having cyber
infrastructure discussions; US LTER is working to insure that data and
metadata are available on DataOne; Brazil will have new Chair in the
following months; and Chile’s is renewing its network funding.
3. Network reports
Last year’s motion of having a few network reports during the CC
meeting was implemented. Three volunteered networks presented their
report this year:
A. Tim Clancy presented the report of Australia. Among the highlights:
The network comprises 10 sites and several continent-wide transects;
they had more than 1,500 data collections with 100 million data items;
all data is available from a website and registered with DataOne;
they also reported the delivery of science to end users; mentioned
a challenge of integrating LTER with observation-focused sites/
observatories.
B. Francisco Javier Bonet presented the report of Spain. Among the highlights:
The network comprises 11 sites with 20-30 researchers per site; they are active
in spite of a current lack of formal governmental support as a result of an
overall economic crisis in Spain; will have a web services to be aggregated
at national and international level; stressed the importance of a strong ILTER
endorsement to improve LTER-Spain’s ability to get funds.
C. Giorgio Matteucci presented the report of Italy. Among the highlights:
The network comprises about 200 scientists in 25 parent sites in more than 70
research locations. Although they started, in 2005, coordinated by the Forest
Service, currently is under the administration of the CNR.
4. Links with other programs and initiatives
There were brief presentations of current links of ILTER with other International
Programs:
· Hideaki Shibata reported about Global Land Project (GLP). Among the
highlights: Hide had to step-down from the Steering Committee (term limit);
the GLP is becoming part of Future Earth; the GLOBE website was presented.
· Manuel Maass reported about Program for Ecosystem Change and Society
(PECS). Among the highlights: the participation of ILTER in the Montpelier
meeting; the announcement of an ASM at the end of 2015; the progress on the
paper “ILTER/PECS” for the special number in Ecology and Society journal.
· David Blankman, on behalf of Terry Parr, reported about the GEOBON.
5. Participation in International Conferences
Eun-Shik Kim and Manuel Maass informed about the plans for the INTECOL
meeting in 2017 in Beijing, China. Bojie Fu is the President of the Organizing
Committee. The importance of planning a good ILTER participation was
46
commented. Eun-Shik and Manuel (who both sit in the Executive Board
of INTECOL) will promote the participation in the meeting.
6. Bottom Up initiatives
Manuel Maass reminded about the importance of the Bottom-Up
initiatives, listing the current ones and briefly mentioning the general
status of them. Also, Manuel mentioned the progress of the small group
identified in Korea to review the development of the ILTER funded
project and ILTER endorsed initiatives (reporting the result to the
Executive Committee). Omarali Abdul Rahim, who is chairing the group,
met with several of the evaluation group at the EAP regional meeting in
Philippines. It was recommended to speed up the evaluation process.
7. Report from the Science Sub-Committee
(Chair - Patrick Bourgeron)
Hideaki Shibata, on behalf of Patrick Bourgeron, presented the Science
Sub-Committee report. A brief summary of the discussions and results
of the Science Conferences of the previous days was presented. The
following motions were presented and accepted during this session:
· Endorse the Wicked Problems identified during the workshop and the
formation of a working group for its implementation.
· Continue with the EON working group started in Korea 2013 CC
meeting.
· Incorporate the discussion of the signature of a MOU with NEON as
part of the works of the transversal task force on “partnerships and
engagement”.
· Continue endorsing the implementation plan of the “Nitrogen
Initiative” (led by Hideaki Shibata) including a $5,000 USD extra support
for this year.
· Endorse the “Tea Bag Litter Decomposition” initiative (led by Michael Mirtl)
including a $5,000 USD support for this year.
· Develop a “Water Governance Platform” initiative within ILTER (led by
Francisco Barbosa).
· Continue endorsing the implementation plan of the “Citizen Forum” initiative
(led by Eeva Furman et al.).
8. Report from the Public/Policy Sub- Committee (Chair – Johan Pauw)
Johan Pauw presented the Science Sub-Committee report. A brief summary of
the discussions and results of the Public Policy Session from the previous day
was presented. A low Mendeley activity was reported, and the importance of
increasing its activity was emphasized. The intention of having slide materials
ready to promote ILTER and distribute no later than the Rome Meeting this
year was presented. The following motions were presented and accepted
during this discussion:
· Remove education aspects from the PPC mandate and create a separate
Education Sub-committee, starting as an ad-hoc committee.
· Continue endorsing the implementation plan of the “Key ILTER Outputs and
Achievement” initiative (led by Terry Parr and Ben Li) with a funding support of
$5,000 USD for its Phase 2.
9. Training
Xiubo Yu reported on the plans for the “Advanced Training Course on
Ecosystem Monitoring and Management for Developing Countries”. He
mentioned that due to time conflict with the APEC conferences, the
Headquarter of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) requested to postpone the
Training Workshop to 2015. There was a proposal to initiate an ILTER training
program in association with the “Nitrogen Initiative”.
47
10. Report from the Information Management Sub-Committee (ChairDavid Blankman)
David Blankman presented the Science Sub-Committee report. A brief
summary of the previous day discussion on the web page situation of was
presented.
A proposal to move the ILTER web site (including regional web sites) into an
AMAZON server was presented and a $10,000 USD support was requested for
its implementation and maintenance. The motion was seconded, discussed
and accepted unanimously.
11. Election Process (Co-Chair, Sub-Committee Chairs and Treasurer)
The election was conducted through an anonymous mechanism
consisting in ballots with the name of each candidate and with the
options “Yes”, “No” and “Abstention” for each one. All candidates received
a unanimous “YES” from the voting members of CC. After the results
were announced, a brief speech by each elected members was given.
12. Date and location of future meetings
The CC meetings for the next five years were discussed and the following
venues were suggested:
2015- Italy (Rome)
2016- South Africa (Cape Town)
2017- France (to be defined)
2018- Malaysia (to be defined)
2019- Serbia (to be defined)
The election of the “entrance” ILTER Co-Chair took place, as well as the election
of all Sub-Committee Chairs and the Treasurer. There were single candidates
for all position, who were nominated and registered following ILTER By-Laws
and the election procedure approved by the Executive Committee in its
November 2014 teleconference. The following candidates were nominated:
For Co-Chair: Michel Mirtl
For Treasurer: Nicole Thurgate
For Information Management Sub-Committee Chair: David Blankman
For Science Sub-Committee Chair: Hideaki Shibata
For Public/Policy Sub- Committee Chair: Johan Pauw and Tiffany Troxler (who will work together).
48
5.5 Fieldtrips
During the ILTER 2014 Annual meeting there were three fieldtrips aimed at
visiting long term ecological research sites that are part of LTSER-Chile. During
the meeting, participants had the opportunity of visiting Senda Darwin
Biological Station (SDBS) in Chiloe, and there were also two post-meeting
fieldtrips to Fray Jorge National Park and Omora Park.
Photography: Verónica Morales
Photography: Claudia Hernández
5.5 Fieldtrips
5.5.1 Senda Darwin Biological Station (SDBS)
More than 50 researchers attended this fieldtrip on Saturday December 6.
Participants visited the trails, forests and main experiments set up at SDBS,
in addition to the facilities and guesthouse. The main highlights were:
• Darwin’s trail, during his voyage on the Beagle Darwin visited Chiloé Island
and walked on a trail that crossedsSDBS. Participants were aqcuainted with
the landscape history of Chiloé, from Darwin’s days until today, including
different disturbances such as land opening for agricultura and forestry
plantations.
• Rainfall exclusion experiment, in which, following climate change
model predictions for Chiloé 30% of rainfall has been excluded from a
forest patch of XX ha.
• Oldgrowth temperate rainforest stand, where there are long term
experiments on forest dynamics and population dynamics of the
marsupial monito del monte (Dromiciops glorioides). Forest dynamics,
structure and biogeography were discussed and participants observed
typical temperate forest plant species and birds.
The fiedltrip ended with a lamb barbeque, music and dancing.
• Agroecological lighthouse, where agricultural and sheep management
practices to take advantage of water and organic waste are being tested.
• Sphagnum environment, an area dominated by this genus of moss due to
recent land use changes and conversion from forest to open land.
• Cattle exclusion, an old field where cattle have been excluded and there is
a natural regeneration experiment. Te causes of low levels of regeneration
were discussed.
• Eddy Flux towers, this towers are part of an monitoring approach to
measure energy and carbon fluxes at the ecosystem scale (forest and
peatland)
• Pichihuillilemu forest (Little forest from the south in Mapudungun), a
demonstrative trail which highlights the dominant species of the temperate
forest present in Chiloé with species like of Canelo (Drimys winteri), Coihue
(Nothoagus nitida) or Tineo (Weinmannia trichosperma).
51
5.5 Fieldtrips
5.5 Fieldtrips
5.5.2 Omora Park
Thirteen participants had the opportunity of visiting the Omora
Ethnobotanical Park located on Navarino Island in the territory of
Cape Horn region. This is one of the few places in the world that has
not been dramatically transformed by humans. It is a remote region
where the singular lives of a myriad of living-beings unfold, entangled
in diverse and uncommon ecological and human dynamics. Cape
Horn offers our globalized society a natural amphitheater of seas,
winds, lights, glaciers, fjords, and islands of tundra and virgin forests,
where it is possible to observe and discover the range of biodiversity
that sprouts on our planet.
5.5 Fieldtrips
5.5 Fieldtrips
5.5.3 Fray Jorge National Park
This fieldtrip had eight participants who travelled from Santiago to the
coastal town of Tongoy and then to Fray Jorge National Park. The Center
for Advanced Studies in Arid Zones (CEAZA) organized this fieldtrip in
which participants visited long term research sites developed by LTSERChile researchers for more than 25 years. They were also supported by
the national park service rangers and some authorities.
5.5 Fieldtrips

Summary Report XXII ILTER Annual Meeting, Chile 2014

Transcription

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