PRIMARY - Le Mémorial de Caen

A HISTORICAL JOURNEY
EN
First Name: ..............................................
Name: ......................................................
SP
EC
IM
YEARS
OLD
PRIMARY
FROM
9
HISTORY NOTEBOOK
Culture Science Education Services
www.memorial-caen.com
This museum opened in 1988 will take you through the history of the 20th century.
Your booklet will guide you through the various spaces in the Mémorial that are dedicated
to the Second World War.
Flags of countries that fought during
the Battle of Normandy.
Building in the shape of a limestone rock
broken in two, symbolising the damage
suffered by the city of Caen.
Fault symbolising
the breach opened by
the Allies during D-Day.
Phrase by Paul Dorey, from Caen,
speaking in the name of Normandy
« Pain crushed me, fraternity put me
back up, a river of freedom gushed
from my wound ».
SP
EC
Stones
and messages
given by various
countries when
the Mémorial
opened in 1988.
IM
EN
PRIMARY
WELCOME TO THE MÉMORIAL DE CAEN
Non-Violence
is a sculpture made by the Swedish
Carl Fredrik Reuterswärd. One of the
copies of this piece was installed on the
forecourt of the UN headquarters in
New York.
SUMMARY
1918
1944
1945
r
360
Wa
es a
rld
nch em
Wo
ma cin
ond
rro lar
Sec
3: A ircu
the
e2 c
ing
Pag
ber -Day
em
D
em 944:
1
2: R
e 2 June
s
Day
h
ect
Pag
t
obj
rD r
0: 6
o
a
Day ady f
e2
Dew
Pag
t re
he
f th
9: T ies ge nd o ation
e
e1
ll
in
Pag The A nd the term
ar
ex
8:
ra
e1
wa tion to orld W
Pag otal
u
W
sec ar to
6: T
e 1 m per
W
Pag
ro
ean
4: F urop
E
e1
don
Pag From
Lon ce
n
2:
om
e1
t fr
ista ation
s
s
p
Pag
esi
Re
ccu
1: R ench
eO
r
e1
h
F
t
Pag
he
er
eat
0: T e und
def
e1
lif
ch
Pag
ily
ied Fren
a
up
:D
o
occ » t
e9
r
s
i
a
Pag
e
W
r
ey
anc
ar Wa
: Fr Phon
d W rld
e8
«
orl Wo
Pag om
st W nd
: Fr
Fir eco
e6
the e S
Pag
of of th
end ing
the ginn
rom e be
4: F to th
e
Pag
02
1939 1940
EN
In the orange square: A photo
of the room where
you have to go.
The French Resistance
Look for this
photograph in the room
and write down the name
of this Resistance fighter.
In the speech-bubbles: Questions.
3
In a rectangle: A text that
will help you answer the questions,
or that you can read after the visit
of the museum.
SP
EC
2
4
5
Name:
………………...........................…….........................
Using information
from the text, give a
name to this photo.
IM
1
FRANCE IN THE DARK YEARS
On each page of this
booklet, you will find:
In orange: Instructions
to help you find the documents.
A bit of help:
This Resistance fighter
is called:
…………………….........................................
A notepad to give you more details.
General de Gaulle, pictured in this photograph,
refuses the defeat of France. He takes refuge in
London. On 18th June 1940, he puts out an appeal on
the radio, and urges people to resist the Germans and
Pétain. It is the « Appeal of 18th June ».
What are the actions
taken by the Resistance
in France? Link up these
sentences to the photos.
ANTI-SEMITISM:
The hatred of Jews, accused
of being responsible for
all the problems, is called 10
Anti-Semitism. All the Jews,
including children, are
affected. The Anti-Semitism
developed by the Nazis
spreads the persecution of
the Jews to all the conquered countries including
France.
They help the people wanted by the Germans (Resistance
fighters, Jews, etc) by giving them false ID papers.
They carry out acts of sabotage against the Germans.
•
•
•
•
They denounce the Nazi propaganda, and appeal to the Resistance
by spreading leaflets and underground newspapers.
•
•
03
THE FAILURE OF PEACE
From the end of the First
World War to the beginning
of the Second World War
EN
You enter a spiral. You can see it in the middle of this page.
Follow it, it will show you the events from 1918 to 1939.
ATTENTION: Start on this map at the beginning of the spiral!
IM
Benito Mussolini is pictured in
this photograph. From 1922, he
establishes a dictatorship in Italy.
..............................................................
..............................................................
..............................................................
..............................................................
..............................................................
SP
EC
In what way
does this photo
show that he is
an authoritarian
leader?
What you need to remember:
Since 1933, Hitler has been trying to extend his territory.
Germany invades Poland on 1st September, 1939.
France and Great Britain then declare war on Germany.
The Second World War starts. 55 million people will die.
04
1922
1929
An economical crisis leads to
unemployment, extreme poverty and
sometimes violence.
It weakens European countries.
The victorious allies (France, Great Britain,
USA and Italy) sign a peace treaty in
Versailles that imposed serious sanctions
on defeated Germany: loss of territory,
shrinking of the army, payment of war
damages. The democracies hope that this
war will be “the last of the last”.
1939
VANQUISHED
United States
Italy
France
...........................
..........................
On 11th November
1918, the war is over.
The toll is terrible:
10 million people died.
Beginning
of the spiral
SP
EC
The Second World
War is declared.
VICTORS
IM
1918
In 1919
EN
1919
Place Great
Britain and
Germany in the
table below:
1933
Once he is in power, Hitler
imposes his dictatorship on
Germany. The Third Reich
replaces the Republic of Weimar.
Look at the photos on the wall.
Can you tell that Germany is
getting ready for the war?
Explain your answer.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
05
FRANCE IN THE DARK YEARS
From « Phoney War »...
Link up these
three sentences
to the
documents.
•
Civilians have to:
•
•
IM
Take refuge in shelters.
EN
Walk towards the displays on the right and on the left.
Getting ready for war changes
the life of civilians.
Use a gas mask.
•
SP
EC
Buy war bonds to finance military operations. •
•
3rd September 1939 on Germany
Great Britain and France
declare war
10th May 1940 Germany invades France
Go towards the back of the room.
Describe this photograph:
.........................................................
What is this woman running away from?
.........................................................
What is the meaning of this photo?
.........................................................
06
© BARCH, Bild 146 - 1971 - 083 - 01 / Photo : Tritschler
... to French defeat
1940
(Those drawings and photographs are not
displayed in the museum.)
EN
The Battle of Britain
From June 1940, England,
gathered behind her leader
Winston Churchill, is threatened
with invasion. England will resist
thanks to her air force.
In this caricature:
What is this English
soldier looking at in
the sky?
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
Caricature published on
18th June, 1940,
in the Evening Standard.
IM
In July 1940, Great Britain rejects Hitler’s peace
proposal, and is expecting the worst. English children
are taken to the North of the country to find refuge.
7th-30th September SP
EC
May-June 1940
French defeat
Blitz over London
What you need
to remember:
England has resisted heroically
against the Nazi attack launched
during the autumn of 1940, and is
now the only free European country
at war against Germany.
Between 7th and
10th September,
the « Blitz » over
London kills 7,000
Londoners. But the
German bombers
also suffer heavy
losses. Hitler is then
forced to postpone
his attack.
07
FRANCE IN THE DARK YEARS
France is occupied
EN
Now walk towards the big electronic
map called « Split France ».
Put these words
in the right space:
Hitler • Pétain • leader of
Germany • leader of France •
defeated • victorious
IM
...................................
...................................
SP
EC
...................................
Write the names
of the two zones
on the map.
...................................
...................................
08
What does
this handshake
represent?
...................................
……………………....................................................
............................................................................
A bit of help:
Because of the defeat,
new borders divide France.
There are two main zones:
the northern zone occupied by
the Germans, and the southern
zone, on the other side of the
“demarcation line”,
where the Vichy Regime
was established.
Daily life under
the Occupation
EN
This is the reconstruction of a French street under the Occupation.
Complete the sentences
with these three words:
Nazi • bombardments
• bicycles
SP
EC
IM
This poster was pasted up
by the ................... occupant.
Petrol is unobtainable.
People use ................
Behind this cellar
window, civilians protect
themselves from
.................................
What you need to remember:
Germany pillages the wealth of the conquered countries: crops, cattle, the production of manufactures,
works of art, etc. French shops lack everything. Ration coupons are used to share products among
French people. Replacement products are also introduced, they are called « ersatz ». For example,
roasted barley replaces coffee, and wooden soles replace leather.
09
FRANCE IN THE DARK YEARS
The French Resistance
Look for this
photograph in the room
and write down the name
of this Resistance fighter.
EN
Name:
………………...........................…….........................
IM
Using information
from the text, give a
name to this photo.
A bit of help:
SP
EC
This Resistance fighter
is called:
General de Gaulle, pictured in this photograph,
refuses the defeat of France. He takes refuge in
London. On 18th June 1940, he puts out an appeal on
the radio, and urges people to resist the Germans and
Pétain. It is the « Appeal of 18th June ».
…………………….........................................
What are the actions
taken by the Resistance
in France? Link up these
sentences to the photos.
They help the people wanted by the Germans (Resistance
fighters, Jews, etc) by giving them false ID papers.
They carry out acts of sabotage against the Germans.
10
•
•
•
•
They denounce the Nazi propaganda, and appeal to the Resistance
by spreading leaflets and underground newspapers.
•
•
EN
Resist from London
SP
EC
IM
Most of the allied troops defeated in France are repatriated from Dunkerque
to England. Great Britain welcomes the leaders and the soldiers who, along
with the French, refuse Nazism. Czechoslovakia, Poland, the Netherlands,
Norway, Belgium or Luxembourg all organise the Resistance: either secretly
in their country, or in exile from London.
This poster isn’t
displayed in the
museum
This poster shows
a « V ». What does
this letter mean?
Tick the right answer:
• Vain
• Victory
• Victim
11
WORLD WAR - TOTAL WAR
From European War...
EN
These two rooms explain you how the war that had
The war spreads to North Africa
……………………................
IM
Who does
this beret
belong to?
Link up this event to the corresponding zone on the map.
SP
EC
The Battle of the Atlantic
Complete the
sentence below
with these words:
Great-Britain
– sub-marines ships
Complete the sentence
below with these words:
Great Britain •
submarines • ships
In the Atlantic, the German ……………………............. attack the allied
……………………............. jeopardising the supplying in material
of ……………………..............
Link up this event to the corresponding zone on the map.
January 1941
Great Britain fights against Germany on her own.
12
Atlantic
ocean
What is What
the is the consequence
consequence
this Score out
of thisofattack?
attack? the
Score
out the
wrong
statement.
wrong statement.
Pearl H
• The United States enter the war.
• Japan capitulates.
June 19
Germany attacks
... to World War
EN
started in Europe, became a World War from 1941.
The invasion of the USSR
IM
Here are three statements about the invasion of
the USSR, on 22nd June 1941.
Pacific ocean
SP
EC
Score out
the wrong
statement.
Harbor
Look at the press
headlines and the two
posters. Which event
do they refer to?
• The German army invades the USSR by
surprise.
• The Russians manage to fight off the
German army straight away.
• The German army burns many villages,
and slaughter thousands of civilians.
Link up this event to the corresponding zone on the map.
……………………................
Link up this event to the
corresponding zone on the map.
41
the USSR.
December 1941
The United States enter the war
against Germany and Japan.
13
WORLD WAR - TOTAL WAR
From persecution...
Translation of the sign in this photo:
« Play park for children. Jews prohibited ».
SP
EC
IM
Look at this photo taken
in occupied France
during the war and
explain what it shows.
EN
Go towards the wall of photos called « From persecution to extermination ».
ANTI-SEMITISM:
The hatred of Jews, accused
of being responsible for
all the problems, is called
Anti-Semitism. All the Jews,
including children, are
affected. The Anti-Semitism
developed by the Nazis
spreads the persecution of
the Jews to all the
conquered countries
including France.
……………………....................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
What you need to remember:
14
itic Nuremberg Laws:
In 1935, the Nazis impose the racist and Anti-Sem
ibited.
• Marriages between Germans and Jews are proh
hers, doctors...).
(teac
• The Jews are excluded from some professions
gradually from society as a whole.
• They are excluded from public transports, and
including
of Europe. This genocide will kill six million Jews
In 1941, the Nazis decide to exterminate all the Jews
camps where
which means that the Nazis take them by train to
1,250,000 children. Most of the Jews are deported,
forms.
. This persecution of the Jews comes in different
they are murdered with gas as soon as they arrive
To do the following exercise,
look at the big wall of photos
located on the right of the
entrance to this room.
Link up the words
to the corresponding
images:
•
•
•
•
SP
EC
Marking with a star
•
•
•
Look at the big red wall
called « Extermination
Camps », and write
down the names of two
extermination camps.
© Barch, Bild 183-S59096 / anonyme
Exclusion
•
IM
Humiliation
Deportation
EN
... to extermination
Translation of the sign in this photo :
« Jews Prohibited ! »
What you need to remember:
This tragedy is called the Holocaust or the Genocide of the Jews.
…………………….........................................
.................................................................
Now walk through the next room.
15
WORLD WAR - TOTAL WAR
IM
Dirige-toi vers les grandes affiches
au fond de la salle.
EN
Total war
SP
EC
Complete the three
boxes above with
the following words:
• soldier • farmer
• blue-collar worker
Find this game in one
of the displays. Using
a simple cereal box,
young Americans pretend
they are bombing
a Japanese city!
Write down the name of this game:
……………………....................................................
……………………....................................................
A bit of help:
This poster shows you that the Total war affects everyone. Even women work for the war effort.
Every means is implemented to reach the final victory.
This game tells you that the propaganda is everywhere, even in children’s games!
16
Go to the last room that is called
« The final toll and aftermath of war ».
Together, the three allied heads of state organise
the world of tomorrow: new borders, new
governments. In June 1945, they create the UN:
the United Nations.
EN
The end of the war
Write down the
name of the three
countries that were at
the Yalta Conference.
IM
In Europe
Churchill
Roosevelt
Country: …………............. Country: ………….............
SP
EC
In this display,
choose an object that,
according to you,
represents the fall of Nazi
Germany. Explain your choice.
Chosen object:
....................................................................
Explain your choice:
............................................................................
............................................................................
............................................................................
Staline
Country: ………….............
In Asia
In order to force the Japanese to
surrender, the Americans use an
atomic bomb that they drop over
two cities on 6th and 9th August
1945. 250,000 people die. Write
the names of these two cities.
……………………......................................................
..............................................................................
What you need to remember:
The use of the atomic bomb shows the horror, and the violence of this World War. In Europe, the war ends
on 8th May 1945. But in Asia, the Japanese do not surrender until 2nd September 1945.
The Second World War is over. A total of 55 million people died, including 30 million civilians.
Leave this room and walk up the stairs.
17
D-DAY AND BATTLE
OF NORMANDY
Link up these three
sentences to the
corresponding photos.
In August 1943, the
Anglo-Americans decide
to land on the West
of Europe. It will be
Normandy.
SP
EC
The American General
Dwight Eisenhower
is entrusted with
the organisation of
D-Day. His staff meet in
Southwick Park.
•
IM
•
EN
The Allies get
ready for D-Day
The troops and the
material are assembled
in cities in the South of
England. Entrainment
can start.
18
•
•
•
•
The D-Day objects
EN
Observe the showcase
of this room, find these
objects, and write down
what they were used for
during the Landings.
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
SP
EC
IM
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
19
D-DAY AND BATTLE
OF NORMANDY
6th June 1944
Go to the relief map of the D-Day landings.
EN
On 6th June 1944, at 6:00 in
the morning, the most powerful
naval force of the century is
on its way: over 6,000 ships,
155,000 men, 1,500 tanks. It is the
beginning of Operation Overlord.
Which country
do the D-Day ships
leave from?
IM
………….....................…………
The unfolding of the attack
………….....................…………
SP
EC
On the map of the
Landings, have a look
at where the German
defences are concentrated
along the Channel.
What you need to remember:
D-Day marks the beginning of the liberation of France.
A hundred days of fighting will then take place in
Normandy. Paris is liberated on 25th August 1944.
20
IM
Which region did Hitler
think the Allies would
land on?
Write down your answer.
SP
EC
On the map, indicate the
names of the five D-Day
beaches.
EN
D-Day
..............................................................
..............................................................
..............................................................
..............................................................
Complete the sequence below,
using the following dates:
25th August 1944 - 6th June 1944
• Spring 1943- January 1944:
Operation Husky in Sicily and
invasion of Italy
• ..................................................:
Invasion of Normandy
• 1 5th August 1944:
Operation Dragoon
• 2 1st August 1944:
End of the Battle of Normandy
• ..................................................:
Liberation of Paris
21
REMEMBRANCE
Remembering the Second World War
EN
You are now in the main hall of the Mémorial de Caen.
IM
This is the end of the visit
that told you what happened
between 1918 and 1945.
In your family, you may have
seen photos, or heard stories
about the war. This is called
« Remembrance ».
SP
EC
Link up these two
photos that illustrate
the remembrance
of the Second World
War in Normandy to
their caption:
•
•
22
•
Remembering British pilots and the role
of the allied Air force during the Battle of
Normandy.
•
Remembering American soldiers.
What you need to remember: orate
al events commem
All year long, national or region
learnt from the past,
this war so that lessons can be
and peace can be protected.
Arromanches 360
circular cinema
EN
« Normandy’s 100 days »
SP
EC
IM
The circular cinema plunges you into the heart of the Battle of Normandy.
This new film (19 minutes) is shown on 9 screens in HD. Archives footages collected from
around the world witness the completeness of the Battle of Normandy.
This film is a tribute to the men of all nations who fell and to the 20.000 civilian
killed during the liberation of Europe.
23
EN
“ Pain crushed me,
fraternity put me
back up, a river of
freedom gushed
from my wound ”.
An inscription, the words of a Caennais, Paul Dorey (1921-2002),
speaking on behalf of all Normandy, is engraved on the massive
white limestone façade.
© LE MÉMORIAL DE CAEN – June 2015
Reproduction, including partial reproduction, is strictly forbidden.
Director: Stéphane Grimaldi
IM
Realisation: Eric Powolny - Clothilde Mazau
Cultural Manager: Isabelle Bournier - Design : www.aprim-caen.fr
Communication Manager: Franck Moulin
Communication Assistant: Corinne André
Iconographic researches: Marie-Claude Berthelot - Translation: Mathilde Mazau
SP
EC
Photographic credits and iconographic sources
© Collections Le Mémorial de Caen : couverture : p 3-6-7-11-12-15-16-19 / Archives Nationales
du Canada : couverture-p 21-18 / Droits Réservés : couverture-p 3 / Le Mémorial de Caen : couverturep 3-4-5-7-8-9-12-22-23 / S.Colomyès : p 2 / Musée du Général Leclerc de Hauteclocque et de
la libération de Paris – Musée Jean Moulin : p 3 / La Documentation Française :
p 3 / CDJC – Le Mémorial de la Shoah : p 14 / Yad Vashem :
p 15 / Bundesarchiv © Barch, Bild 183-S59096 / anonyme : p 15 / NARA : p 17-18-19-22 / US Army :
p 20-18 / Éditions Le Goubey : p 23 / Calvados Tourisme – S.Guichard : p 23 / Imperial war Museum : p 18.
Designer: Jacques Millet & Alain Carasso (World War, Total War)
Scenographer for the Main Hall, the Second World War area: Yves Devraine
Scenographer for the World War, Total War area: Dominique Paolini
Scenographer for the Cold War area: Zette Cazalas
Scenographer for the Berlin at the heart of the Cold war area: Philippe Miesch
Print: 300 copies
Printed in France in June 2015 by Dauphin (14)
Formal deposit: 2nd quarter 2013
ISBN 978-2-84911-194-9
Le Mémorial de Caen
Esplanade Général Eisenhower
CS 55026 – 14050 CAEN Cedex 4
Téléphone : +33 (0)2 31 06 06 45
Fax : +33 (0)2 31 06 01 66
[email protected]
Culture Science Education Services
www.memorial-caen.com