Dialogues with the City THIS IS DETROIT

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In a local school, 123 pupils were asked by a teacher, “Were you born in Detroit?” Sixty-nine
replied, “Yes.” Fifty-four said, “No.” Since nearly 45 percent of these students had moved to
Detroit from some other place, the teacher and the classes became interested in determining
how many of their parents were native Detroiters. Upon inquiry it was found that in only seven
cases were both parents born here. In twenty cases one of the parents was born here, but in
ninety-six cases neither father nor mother had been born in Detroit. In other words, most of
these parents were not native Detroiters.
THIS IS DETROIT
Citizenship in Detroit, Prepared by the Department of Social Studies under the supervision of C.C. Barnes, the director of
Social Studies in 1938. Excerpt from Chapter 1, pg.1.
Dialogues with the City
“Were you born in Detroit?”
Sean Baxter
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Pages 1 and 4 are a spread from the City of Detroit’s proposed generalized
Detroit, like every other city on Earth, is a city of people. If Detroit is to
land use plan published in 1947. It introduces it’s plan using the images
be successful again, it must harness the diverse stories that Detroit’s
shown on both the adjacent page and the previous page. These pictures
citizens can offer. One may finally recognize the importance of the
of the good and bad parts of Detroit are immediatley followed by the
individual’s quality of life and the story that one person will tell of their
planning rhetoric that proposes to remove the bad parts of Detroit as
experience living and navigating the city.
part of a movement to make Detroit a better place to live and work.
The following chapter concerns exerpts from various interviews and
This way of framing problems and their solutions through images,
conversations that take the rhetoric of what the city is, and can be, to a
data, and generalized rhetoric ignores the people and the individual
new level; the level of the personal story.
stories that are most affected by the changes. Historically, progress
and improvement in Detroit have served as representations of how not
to pursue urban renewal. It could be argued that the plan’s greatest
failure was its ignorance in regard to the lives and desires of the people
who were to become the subject of the massive changes in the 1950’s
and up into present day Detroit, and the inability to integrate its own
citizens’ dreams into its plan. Very few cities could boast of having a
population as diverse and dynamic as the population of people that
lived in Detroit in 1950, but the city failed miserably at utilizing that
enormous asset to its advantage.
THIS ALSO IS DETROIT
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I think the Detroit community is very well
developed. In my community on the Detroit
east side I trust my neighbors. We’re together,
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In my community on the Detroit east side
I trust my neighbors.
Black and White. In some ways, my moving
to Detroit was almost a political statement. I
did not want to live and raise my kids in white
suburbia. I wanted to live in congruency with
my politics. When I decided to buy a house—a
large financial investment—I decided to do it
in Detroit. My neighborhood is aesthetically
beautiful. My neighbors are very close. At any
point we can have a party just by calling all
the neighbors together. [laughs] I just can’t
see living anywhere else.
I’m involved in politics partly because I’m so
angry. Last night [November7, 1990] some
comrades and I watched that terribly onesided ABC TV show ‘Prime Time” that focused
on Detroit and Mayor Young. It said nothing
about the good side, the good people, the
positives of Detroit.
Moira Kennedy being quoted in Detroit Lives, by Robert H.
Mast (1994)
It said nothing about the good side, the good
people, the positives of Detroit.
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I’ve lived in Detroit since I was born in 1950 and
I’ve watched the neighborhoods change. The first
neighborhood I lived in, where my parents still live,
was in an area of Lothrop and West Grand Boulevard.
It’s made up of all kinds of flats and duplexes. It was a
middle class neighborhood in the 1950s. There was one
Black family when I was born. By the time I was fifteen
it was almost all Black. I grew up with the advantages
of a multicultural background. On my block there was
a German family, a Japanese family, a Polish family, an
Irish family—all first generation—along with two Arab
families: mine and another of Lebanese background.
Then Black families moved in. The second Black
family on the block was Roger Short’s family. He’s
now the auditor-general of the city of Detroit. When I
moved here onto Parkside Street, I was one of the last
whites to move onto his block. We had divisions in the
neighborhood, but they were geographical, not racial.
Roger Short was the big ally on my block. He was the kid
who scared away the gangs from the other blocks, all of
whom were white. He was protecting us.
Frank Rashid being quoted in Detroit Lives, by Robert H.
Mast (1994)
Images taken from Detroit News’ Online
Archive’s Detroit News PhotoStore Collection titled Michigan’s greatest treasure—its
people. Images are of Greek (and AfricanAmerican), Scottish, Austrian, Polish, Japanese, Arab, and Palestinian Detroiters.
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I moved to Detroit to work for the Associated Press. I was miserable in that environment. It was the most racist and
sexist place I ever had the lack of pleasure to work in. I fell in love with Detroit. My involvement in Poletown started
in 1981. The first time I visited a Poletown neighborhood council meeting, the people really won my heart. They were
hard-working, working-class, union people who were gradually putting together a pretty sophisticated analysis of what
was being done to them in the destruction of their community. I wanted to put my skills at their disposal, so I don’t
think I missed another meeting after that.
The resilience of the people in Poletown is one of the things that I found most striking. People were having their
neighborhood decimated, houses were on fire, there was construction dust. People would come into the church center
and say, “I can’t breathe, I can’t sleep at night.” The folks in Poletown invited the daughter of the chairman of General
Motors to have her wedding at the Immaculate Conception Church [scheduled for demolition] when it became public
that she was getting married. They rented a bulldozer and took it to the house of the chairman of General Motors to let
him know how it felt to have bulldozers pull up on his lawn. Once the church had been taken over by the police, they
wove flowers through the fence that was between them and church demolition. Police officers were put every twelve
feet along the fence to keep people from scaling the fence to stop the demolition. The ladies went and got red vigil
candles from the church that they had saved and put them beside the feet of every police officer.
The neighborhood was not saved. The Cadillac plant was built. It’s not been a very productive or worthwile plant, even
from GM’s perspective. Ironically, the analysts have said that the plant’s too big. [Laughs] Shortly after opening the
plant, they permanently laid off 17,000 Michigan workers. The City Council was quoted as saying that was a real slap in
the face after all they had done for GM. But I wouldn’t say the struggle for Poletown was for nothing.
Jeanie Wylie-Kellermann being quoted in Detroit Lives, by Robert H. Mast (1994). Images
Left and Opposite taken from Jenny Nolan’s January 27, 2000 Detroit News article, Auto
palnt vs. Neighborhood: The Poletown Battle.
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I was born in Puerto Rico in 1953. When my mother was pregnant
with me, my father came to Detroit to do labor. His entry to Detroit
in the early ‘50s was part of the second migration of Puerto Ricans to
the mainland. This was part of Operation Bootstrap, which included a
major exportation of labor from Puerto Rico.
The second wave settled in an established Mexican community in the
Corktown area, the Holy Trinity area. That’s where I was brought up.
The second wave was much more reflective of the island as it is now: a
rainbow of colors.
I came to Detroit when I was five years old. I was an altar boy at Holy
All the good
stories about him are very true.
Trinity Church where Monsignor Clement Kern was the pastor. He was
a community organizer in the Latino community. All the good stories
about him are very true. We were in one of the most progressive
churches in the city. They ministered to the poor. Skid Row used
When I grew up, the reason I didn’t steal wasn’t because there was police around, ‘cause there wasn’t no police around. I didn’t steal because I
to be located close to Holy Trinity, and Father Kern and his people
didn’t want the neighbors to know I would steal. The conscience of the community was your policeman. Now, when you get in the city, because
ministered to those folks.
everybody don’t have nothing to do with nobody’s business, everybody, therefore, can do anything and there’s nobody to chastise them. There’s
no discipline on you.
Osvaldo Rivera being quoted in Detroit Lives, by Robert H. Mast (1994) Osvaldo Rivera is the director of Latino Family Services, in the southwest section of Detroit.
The alienation took place in the way we live, in production, the way we related to each other. Then as we got all of these refrigerators, those
electric gadgets, I don’t need the neighbors next door for nothing. I got my own TV, my own movies. I’ve got my own icebox. I don’t have to
borrow nothing from them. Now you can’t borrow nothing from your neighbors because they don’t relate to each other.
James Boggs being quoted in Detroit Lives, by Robert H.
Mast (1994)
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I can give you a story. My life. Starting when I was a little kid, going on
about three or four years old. I was living in the area around Hastings.
Hastings was the worst street in Detroit. They still got prostitutes over
there now, in the old condemned houses. I used to go down Hastings,
them prostitutes used to get kids, nine, ten years old, they’d get them
to go down to the five-and-ten-cent-store, and have them to stealing
perfume and lipstick, little cheap perfume, go down and steal a batch,
they’d give us a quarter for it. ‘Til my father found out I skipped school
stealing it. That was the last time.
Google Street images joined into panorama at the Detroit intersection of Willis and Grandy.
We can talk. I ain’t doing nothing today, just sitting around. That’s all
We can talk. I ain’t doing nothing today, just
sitting around.
That’s the truth! I ain’t lying! I ain’t got no water nowhere but in my kitchen. And then that be cold. That be cold. I ain’t had no...I can’t wash my
dishes today! Because I ain’t got no hot water! He going to tell me something else. No, no! I don’t live in a damn slum like this! Never lived like
this before. ‘Til I come here. That factual truth. I ain’t got no - now, how am I going to take a bath? Tote water from out of the kitchen sink! And I
ain’t got no hot water right now to wash dishes in there. I can’t wash my dishes! I had to go to my sister’s house to take a bath! It been cut off for
going on three or four weeks, a month now. I ain’t got no hot water. In my bathtub, in my kitchen, neither. Listen, I ain’t got no water. What am I
going to wash dishes in cold water for? You can’t wash grease off a plate, can you. My boss is Mr. Ricket. I got nothing but rats up in here. Now I
got to tote hot water? Naw, no, no! I mean, I pay him so much money a week.
An interview of Catherine Foster taken from Voices from the Corner, by Raphael S. Ezekiel (1984, field work
done between 1967–1972)
we’ll be doing all day. Sitting around, seeing the guys, having a drink. I
don’t go to work ‘til six.
An interview of Nathan Coolidge taken from Voices from
the Corner, by Raphael S. Ezekiel (1984, field work done
between 1967-1972)
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Now I have a son in college. And I’m really interested in what they’re
doing in college today. It cost quite a deal of money to send your kids
to college today. It’s not just like getting a high school education. It
costs you money.
I’m sending my son to college. I’m not married. I’m a single woman and
I work and I’m trying to send my son through college because I’m trying
to make him responsible. I’m trying to open up things that could happen today, the ways of life and the ways that people should live regardless to whether they do live this way or not.
I have a very open heart. And I’m Christian-hearted. My mother raised
me. My mother was a very Christian woman and she knows nothing but
Christianity. And she raised me in this respect. Respect. And do unto
others as you would have them do unto you. And this I was raised with
and I respect that as of today. And I teach it to my son the same thing
down the line.
Now my son is nineteen years old. He graduated at the age of sixteen.
And, I never had any trouble with my son. He doesn’t have his name on
Stanford University Protest
any police records as of today. And he’s a very respectable kid around
the city. And, as being a mother, working hard, doing the things that
I think a mother should do, I’ve given up very much for the kid. I try to
teach him the right way to go.
An interview of Joanne taken from Voices from the Corner, by Raphael S. Ezekiel (1984,
field work done between 1967–1972). Joanne came over one afternoon to talk to Catherine.
JoAnne is a bus driver for the city, one of the first women in that position.
Images of Student Protest during the time of the interview on the opposite page.
And I’m really interested in what they’re doing in college today.
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I received a visit from a student I had
warm, and intact. We throughly enjoyed
taught at the Univeristy of Michigan, where
working with them. This particularly surprised
I am employed as a faculty member in social
us, and the surprise gave us pause.
psychology. She wanted to tell me how her
life was going; among other things, she told
We realized we had expected a world of
me about her work, teaching in a Black High
shattered souls rather than brisk students
School in Detroit. I asked to come and visit her
who played chess and warm neighbors who
eleventh graders.
liked us. Recent descriptions of broken lives
in the ghetto had led me to very different
I went to school and taught several classes
expectations. I needed a good, hard look, close
with her. The school was in an all-Black
up. Here was the world I wished to understand.
neighborhood, and [my wife] and I had several
surprises. Initially, we were frightened when
we walked from our car to the school. This
University of Miami Memorial Classroom
disturbed us. We had forgotten how alien
I needed a good, hard look, close
up. Here was the world I wished to
understand.
one could feel. Later, however, after having a
wholly enjoyable time in the school, we found
ourselves smiling and easy when we walked
back to our car - and found ourselves smiling
happily at friendly people on porches, who
greeted us with warmth. Finally, the students
Hampton University Graduates
were a pleasure. They were bright, intelligent
from the introduction Voices from the Corner, by Raphael
S. Ezekiel (1984, field work done between 1967–1972). Raphael Ezekiel is describing his initial experience in 1966, of
a neighborhood in Detroit prior to beginning the field work
for the book from which this quote is taken.
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People say, life is what you make out of it.
Some years you progress and there’s some, regardless what you do to try to get ahead, it’s always something come up that will pull you right
back to where you started. I have experienced these things up from nineteen fifty-eight up until now, off and on.
Everything is running smooth and all of a sudden something, that puts you in a rut, makes you fall right down it. Then again, it could be one of
the kids gets sick. That’s a lot of worry and unhappiness. There’s a lot of things that can happen make you unhappy.
Then, there’s the other times. When everything is running smooth. The kids happy and healthy and well. Your husband, he happy, and you happy,
and he’s trying to progress. And, you know, I couldn’t think of anything that would make anybody happier. You know, have your health and everything. It would mean a lot.
That’s the way life is. Changes. God didn’t promise that every day would be fine. You have to put up with, you have to accept, the bad with the
good. People say, life is what you make out of it. No. Maybe to some people it is. But a lot of things in life you have to accept it as it comes.
An interview of Rebecca Stone taken from Voices from the Corner, by Raphael S. Ezekiel
(1984, field work done between 1967–1972).
No. Maybe to some people it is. But a lot of things in life you have to
accept it as it comes.
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It’s one of the benefits of living here: sometimes there’s just nobody
around to say you can’t do something.
We were all by ourselves at dusk along the river, just a few blocks from home. We’d walked as far as the path would go, and there we saw a place
where a field had flooded and frozen and I went out to investigate the ice: just a few inches thick, but wide and unscarred. I could smell memories: the inside of hockey gloves; inevitable hot chocolate. We came back the next day with our skates.
The boy is still too small for skating, so the poor thing had to settle for scuttling along in his boots, and those moments where I’d scoop him up
and charge across the ice, setting his feet down to glide while he cackled.
No one hassled us; we didn’t see another soul. We’ve gone to the public rink downtown several times, but with gangling teens learning to skate
by gripping the boards and swinging their blades face-level to a four-year-old, this trespass was markedly safer. It’s one of the benefits of living
here: sometimes there’s just nobody around to say you can’t do something.
After an hour or so, the girl could have kept going, but the boy had fangs of snot and a strong case of not fair. The virgin ice was scarred with all
our fun, and a thermos of hot chocolate waited by our boots.
Our Rink, Sweet Juniper Blog, Posted: Friday, January 8th, 2010.
Opposite: Photos from Our Rink, Sweet Juniper Blog, Posted: Friday, January 8th, 2010.
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I got a great freelance job out of the blue the
does he sleep? When does he see his kids?
other day and spent that evening with a se-
When does he relax? Whenever he can, “which
curity guard hired by a Detroit neighborhood
ain’t often.”
association to patrol its streets at night, responding to resident safety concerns because
I don’t tell him that I went to law school, or
the police don’t. When I meet him he is obvi-
quit a good job on purpose, or moved to De-
ously wearing a bulletproof vest. After stories
troit because San Francisco seemed too nice.
of crackheads stabbing him with screwdrivers
All of these things that seemed to make so
and evicted tenants setting fires in alleys, we
much sense suddenly sound so ridiculous. In-
fall into a customary silence. Most nights are
stead I wear a mask. I pretend like we actually
long and dull, he admits. I consider asking
have something in common, which of course
if he ever listens to books on tape, but then
we do (and all that truth would just get in the
think better of it. “Is this what you do?” he
way of it). “I was working at a brake plant be-
asks. “You’re a photographer?”
fore they moved it to Mexico,” he says. “I was
earning $25 an hour and I thought I was going
“No,” I say. “Not really. I don’t have a job right
to do that till the day I retired. Now I got these
now. We have two kids and I take care of
two jobs and I’m lucky to have them. Still we
them.”
just can’t seem to get ahead.”
The air softens. “Playing Mr. Mom? I did that
What would he say if he knew the truth?
for two-and-a-half years, after I lost my job.”
Someone once commended me for the sacri-
We talk about the ups and downs. His kids are
fices I’ve made. But, I think, I’m so privileged I
the same ages as mine. “I miss it,” he says. “I’m
don’t even know the meaning of sacrifice.
working two jobs right now. I haul concrete
for a waterproofer all day, and I have a couple
of these twelve-hour shifts a week.” When
No title_ I got a great freelance job out of the blue, Sweet Juniper Blog, Posted: Wednesday,
October 21st, 2009
I don’t tell him that I went to law
school, or quit a good job on purpose, or moved to Detroit because
San Francisco seemed too nice.
All of these things that seemed
to make so much sense suddenly
sound so ridiculous.
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We finally got busted breaking into buildings.
We finally got busted breaking into buildings.
We got into the Lenox part of the complex.
The hotel interior was not as cool as expect-
We were in an alley behind the Madison Lenox
ed. An unrepaired hole in the roof had caused
Hotel, and I was looking up as D was about
years of interior damage that left plaster from
to leap from a window, and suddenly a cop
the ceilings on the floor, plaster crumbling
car comes flying up to my car, slams on the
from walls, and water damage everywhere on
brakes, and the cop gets out and draws his
the upper floors. Little was left in the way of
gun. I put my hands up and yelled, “I’m un-
artifacts. A lot of newspapers and magazines
armed!” He didn’t care. “What the fuck are you
from the early 90s were in there, left right
doing in there?” he asks. “Nothing! Just taking
when the hotel finally closed. Obvious signs
pictures” I reply. The gun is still out. “I got
of squatters were all over the place as well.
enough trouble with the bums goin’ in and out
We went to the roof, but had to be careful
of there,” he yelled. D sheepishly climbs out
because 50,000 suburbanites, and hundreds
of the window, and luckily the cop tells us to
of police to protect them, were swarming the
move on without ticketing or arresting us. But
area because of the Lions game. Bad day for
damn, the week had just begun and already
exploring.
someone is pointing a gun at me.
Please don’t shoot me, Detroit Blog: Stories from the Motor City, Posted: Monday, October
20th, 2003
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He packs away the CDs and the old cassettes, leaving the posters on
A little store in the inner city often has a strong relationship with
among the area’s thugs, word was to leave this store alone, which sat
“It got to the point I had to reduce my hours, because I was paying
the wall for last.
the neighborhood it’s in, especially in an area where most of the
vulnerable with no bulletproof glass, no anti-theft door alarms, no iron
someone $80 a day and I was making $60, so the math don’t add up.
businesses have closed. Those living in the blocks around it will make
bars on its big windows.
And if the math don’t add up, you got to make a decision.”
“People in the neighborhood, guys in the neighborhood, the ones that
As he presides over the last days of an 18-year dream, music plays
kind of run the neighborhood, they tell everybody, ‘Don’t mess with
from a speaker set on a milk crate outside the door. A sign in the
That’s why Esaw would organize customer appreciation block parties
Pearl’s,’ and that all came from a respect thing for all that we did. You
window announces reduced store hours, where before it was a sign
But the phone keeps ringing, bringing reminders. “Yes, next week is
with bands, food and games on blocked-off streets. It’s why he’s taken
never see people come in here with a smoke, you never see someone
warning that the end was near. And the phone keeps ringing, bringing
our last day,” he tells each caller who phones him after hearing the
folks from the neighborhood on bus trips to Cedar Point, with new CDs
come in with a drink.”
calls from more customers who had to hear it themselves from the
news somewhere. “We’re gonna be OK,” he adds. All the calls are going
playing on the stereo the whole way down there. And it’s the reason he
the same way.
handed out $1,000 scholarships every year to promising high school
Once, the store got robbed by an armed gunman. When the neighbors
students in the city. He’d have them write an essay on a topic like what
heard what happened, they told Esaw they’d handle it.
“I guess maybe it hasn’t hit me yet,” says 52-year-old Walter Esaw,
a point of shopping there to keep that one alive. A smart store owner
as he boxes the stock of his little record store, Pearl’s Music, on
knows this and returns the favor.
Kercheval near Van Dyke.
After almost two decades at this spot, and 80 years total in Detroit,
they’d do if they were president. “We’d sit up at night going through,
the store can’t make it anymore.
reading them all,” Esaw says.
owner himself, who has to relay the news, over and over, one customer
at a time.
“Music is a luxury,” Esaw says, standing behind the store counter,
“Just to tell you about the neighborhood, two days after we got robbed
looking through the window at the quiet street outside. “You have
— they’d taken some cassettes and stuff — they put the money in a
to eat, but you don’t have to hear some music. Detroit and the state
“It comes down to economics,” Esaw says. “The sales are just down. We
“It was never about having a record store. We knew that through
cassette with a note saying, ‘Sorry we robbed you,’ and put it back
of Michigan are just going through hard times. They just can’t afford
never were just for profits, but we were always saying that as long as it
having a record store, and the music, that we could get kids to come in
in the mail chute. I called the police and they said they’d never seen
music anymore.”
paid the bills then we would be here.”
and talk to us and maybe we could be able to help them do something.
nothing like that before.”
We always wanted to do something where we could give something
Business tanked about a year ago, he says. Though the store
back.”
survived the rise of digital music and the easy-to-find bootlegs in the
neighborhood, it couldn’t outlast a terrible economy.
Esaw is a full-time accountant, so this job has been a weekend labor of
love that started costing too much time and bringing too little money.
Gestures like these made the neighbors fiercely loyal to Pearl’s. Even
The Last Song, Detroit Blog: Stories from the Motor City,
Posted: Monday, December 6th, 2010, this story originally
appeared in the Metro Times.
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THIS IS DETROIT
Images that depict the common stories of Detroit: GM, Henry Ford, Jimmy Hoffa/Unionized Labor, Motown, Red Wings, Tigers, Racisl Violence and Riots, Abandoned buildings, 8 Mile
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THIS ALSO IS DETROIT
Images that depict the people of Detroit: Images from People of Detroit Blog, Detroit News Archives
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Citizenship in Detroit: a supplementary reader in
Oates, N. Stanley. Proposed generalized land use plan, an
News One. More African-Americans Attend College, But
community civics.. Detroit, Mich.: Board of Education,
explanation of a basic plan designed to make Detroit
Graduation Lags. N.d. More African-Americans Attend
1938. Print.
a better place in which to live and work.. Detroit:
College, But Graduation Lags, Hampton University,
Detroit City Plan Commission, 1947. Print.
Virginia. NewsOne for Black America. Web. 28 Jan.
Ezekiel, Raphael S.. Voices from the corner: poverty
and racism in the inner city. Philadelphia: Temple
University Press, 1984. Print.
Griffioen, James. “sweet juniper!.” sweet juniper!. N.p., n.d.
Web. 20 Jan. 2011. <http://www.sweet-juniper.com/>.
Kornhauser, Arthur W.. Detroit as the people see it: a
The Detroit News. “Michigan’s greatest treasure -- its
people.” The Detroit News PhotoStore. The Detroit
2011.
Student Protest Images. “The History Cooperative.” The
News, n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2011. <apps.detnews.com/
History Cooperative. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2011.
pictopia/index.php?project=MichiganPeople>.
<http://www.historycooperative.org>.
“The People Of Detroit.” The People Of Detroit. N.p., n.d.
University of Miami. Students in Memorial Classroom.
survey of attitudes in an industrial city. Westport,
Web. 27 Jan. 2011. <http://www.thepeopleofdetroit.
N.d. University of Miami Legacy, Coral Gables, FL.
Conn.: Greenwood Press, 19761952. Print.
com/>.
University of Miami Libraries. Web. 28 Jan. 2011.
Mast, Robert H.. Detroit lives . Philadelphia: Temple
University Press, 1994. Print.
Nolan, Jenny. “Auto Plant vs. Neighborhood: The Poletown
“detroitblog .” detroitblog . N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Jan. 2011.
<http://www.detroitblog.org/>.
Students took action in the 1960s and 70s.. N.d. CHANGING
Battle.” Michigan History. The Detroit News, 27 Jan.
TIMES & CAMPUS, Stanford University Campus.
2000. Web. 25 Jan. 2011. <apps.detnews.com/apps/
History of Stanford. Web. 28 Jan. 2011.
history/index.php?id=18>.