Max Magic Microtuner
Transcription
Max Magic Microtuner
Max Magic Microtuner Alternate tunings editor for Mac OS X and Mac OS 9 © 2003 Victor Cerullo - All Rights Reserved Version 1.4 - Release date: August 3rd, 2003 Introducing Max Magic Microtuner Max Magic Microtuner is a Macintosh application (OS X and OS 9 Carbon) for creating and editing microtonal scales and keyboard mappings; as a special feature it allows Max/MSP and Pluggo users to generate their own alternate tuning external objects by converting specially formatted text files into C-compiled Max/MSP MIDI-to-frequency externals. These tuning text files contain the intonation table data and can be created and edited with Max Magic Microtuner itself or with other text editors. You can export the intonation table data in a text format that is compatible with the read method of the Max "Coll" object. You can create, import, edit and export 128-note MIDI Tuning Standard keymap files (.syx, .mid) compatible with the Native Instruments FM7 softsynth and with all hardware synthesizers supporting the MTS format; you can also import and export native Scala (.scl) microtuning files, export Korg OASYS PCI audio card tuning files (.tun), and export Native Instruments Pro-52/Pro-53 tuning files (.p5m). 1 About this manual Even though Max Magic Microtuner is designed to be simple and intuitive, it includes a series of features that are very peculiar, so that it is advisable to refer to the contents of this manual to get a clear idea of the their meaning. The settings found in the Preferences window play a significant role in terms of the possibilities you have for customizing the program, so you should pay particular attention to the paragraphs where these settings are mentioned. This manual is not a step-by-step user's guide, and it assumes you are familiar with standard Macintosh software and related operating techniques (opening and saving a file, choosing commands from menus, using command key shortcuts, selecting, copying and pasting text, dragging text with the mouse, etc.). Getting started: Max Magic Microtuner basics Creating, saving and expanding scales In order to create a new scale you have to select a row from the intonation table (one row at a time, for each tone of the scale), and enter the corresponding frequency (in hertz) with the entry field located at the bottom of the table. As a possible suggestion, you can start entering your scale data at row #60 (middle C); you can use the "Cents to Frequency" and the "Just Tuner" tools found in the "Tools" menu: in many cases they should be of some help (they are rather intuitive). If the scale is based on repeating octaves, i.e. its frequencies are doubled octave after octave, leave the "Consider intervals" checkbox blank, otherwise mark it. To save your scale simply press the "Save Table" button. Due to some cross-platform compatibility reasons, it is better (even if not mandatory) to save the tuning file with a ".mtx" extension, with no other dots in its name. To extend your scale over the full MIDI note range (0-127), simply press the "Expand" button. The maximum allowed frequency resolution is 11 decimal digits, so that the central C4 to B4 octave of the standard 12-tone equal tempered scale is made up of the following pitches: C4 = C#4 = D4 = D#4 = E4 = F4 = F#4 = G4 = G#4 = A4 = A#4 = B4 = 2 261.6255653006 277.18263097687 293.66476791741 311.12698372208 329.62755691287 349.228231433 369.99442271163 391.99543598175 415.30469757995 440. 466.16376151809 493.88330125612 Hz (middle C) Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz (reference A) Hz Hz The Microtuner format: basic Microtuner functions and related tuning text files syntax rules 1. all lines end with a carriage return (ASCII 13) or with a carriage return followed by a line feed character (ASCII 13 + ASCII 10, typical of Windows applications); 2. comment lines start with a double slash ("//"); if you are editing a tuning file with Max Magic Microtuner, the double slash symbol is added automatically to each line typed in the user comments text box when saving the file; 3. the first numeric line starting with "@" will be interpreted as the lowest MIDI note number to which all the frequencies listed below will be referred (60 = middle C); 4. if you want Max Magic Microtuner to "expand" a scale automatically over the full MIDI note range (0 -127) when opening a tuning text file, then activate the "Expand scale at load" flag in the main Microtuner window; 5. the expansion mode depends on the flag "Consider intervals", whose value is saved as a special line statement in the tuning text file (":absolute" when the flag is not active and ":intervals" when it is active); when opening a tuning file containing this statement, the value of the "Consider intervals" flag will be overridden accordingly ; the expansion mode statement is automatically included in a tuning text file created with Max Magic Microtuner; if you create a tuning file with a different editor and forget to include this statement, Max Magic Microtuner will alert you about that once the file has been loaded; 6. in order to define an n-tone octave-wise scale, where frequencies are doubled octave after octave, you can simply list the n tones (frequencies) of one octave (ANY octave of the scale); if you are editing the scale with Max Magic Microtuner then DO NOT activate the "Consider intervals" flag in the main Microtuner window when saving the tuning file in this case; if you are editing the scale with a different editor then do not forget to include the starting MIDI note and the ":absolute" statement; 7. if you want to define a non-octave scale based on intervals between frequencies then, in order for the program to determine the n frequency ratios between adjacent tones of the scale, you will have to list n+1 frequencies. The program will then use the ratios repeatedly to extend the scale over the full MIDI note range. Be sure to activate the "Consider intervals" flag in this case before saving the tuning file if you are editing the scale with Max Magic Microtuner; if you are editing the scale with a different editor then do not forget to include the starting MIDI note and the ":intervals" statement. As a particular case, this option is also useful for octave-wise scales based on an equal division of the octave, where the frequency ratio between two adjacent tones is constant (like in the 12 tone Equal Tempered scale); 8. you can enter a 0 Hz frequency value into an intonation table cell if you want to leave the corresponding MIDI note unmapped; the presence of 0 Hz values in the intonation table can produce inconsistent results if a scale is expanded in "intervals" mode; 9. when the expansion algorithm determines an out-of-range frequency value (i.e. greater than 22050 Hz) the corresponding intonation table cell will be set to blank. Example 1: 12-tone Equal Tempered scale (expansion mode = absolute) // // // // // This is an example showing the text file format used by Max Magic Microtuner. This text file will be converted into a 12 tone Equal Tempered scale Max/MSP external object 3 // that is quite similar to the native "mtof" (MIDI // to frequency) external. @60 :absolute 261.62558 277.182617 293.664764 311.126984 329.627563 349.228241 369.994415 391.995422 415.304688 440 466.163757 493.883301 Example 2: 12-tone Equal Tempered scale (expansion mode = intervals) // // // // // // // // Tuning file for Max Magic Microtuner 12 tone Equal Tempered scale This is the shortest way to obtain a 12 tone ET scale with Max Magic Microtuner: A4 (MIDI note #69) = ref. frequency = f1 f2 = f1 * pow(2, 1/12) @69 :intervals 440. 466.16376151809 Microtuner format settings in the Preferences window You will find some special settings in the Preferences window regarding the Microtuner file type and the way Microtuner text files are saved in your system. Since a Microtuner file is intended to be used as a TIDOC (Tuning Interchange DOCument) not limited to the Macintosh platform, in the Preferences window there is a checkbox flag that allows you to decide whether to use the Windows "wide" end-of-line character (ASCII 13 + ASCII 10) or not when saving a Microtuner file: this will be useful if you plan to exchange your microtuning files with a PC user, or in case you have other cross-platform requirements of this kind. Moreover, you will find a radio button that will allow you to decide whether to save your Microtuner files with an "MTTX" Mac type or with a "TEXT" Mac type: while this setting will not affect file contents at all, depending on this setting you will see a different icon associated with your file. The use of the "TEXT" Mac type is suggested in case you plan to edit the file with a text editor. 4 (Default Preferences settings) Retuning a scale to a different reference frequency As of release 1.3.6 it is possible to retune a scale to a different reference frequency, without altering the ratios between the intonation table pitch values and the reference frequency itself ("Retune Table" option, Edit menu). The reference frequency can be set by means of a reference note popup menu, located in the middle of the Microtuner window. It is advisable to avoid reiterating the use of the retune function with a single scale, because of the cumulative approximation errors this may produce. 5 Accessing the built-in 12-tone Equal Tempered scale It may be helpful in some cases to access the 12-tET scale without having to open a tuning file for that. Max Magic Microtuner has a built-in 12-tET keymap that can be accessed directly by means of the "12-tET Keymap" option you find in the Edit menu; with this option you can overwrite all the rows of the current intonation table with the frequency values of the built-in 12-tET keymap. In the Edit menu there is also another option called "12-tET Octave", with which you can clear the intonation table and load a single 12-tET octave from the built-in 12-tET keymap; this octave will be made up of 12 or 13 tones, depending on the status of the "Consider Intervals" flag, and it will start from the row selected with the reference note popup menu, located in the middle of the Microtuner window. Isolating a section of the intonation table ("Trim Keymap" function) You can trim the intonation table and isolate the section of rows included between the reference note and the currently selected row, provided that the currently selected row index is greater than the reference note index. This task can be performed with the "Trim Keymap" option found in the Edit menu. The Tone Player tool The Tone Player audio tool will allow you to test the frequencies appearing in the intonation table by means of the QuickTime built-in General MIDI synthesizer (with a certain degree of approximation, due to a rather low accuracy of the QuickTime synth engine; the resolution is exactly 100/256 = 0.390625 cents). You can open a series of "satellite" Tone Player windows for each Microtuner window; by selecting a row from the intonation table you will make all the satellite Tone Players play the corresponding pitch, provided that their current frequency hasn't been protected with the "Lock" checkbox. Even if Tone Players are monophonic, all the Tone Players linked to a Microtuner window can be "synced" together so to be triggered with just one click, a feature that will be useful for testing chords when the selected QuickTime GM instrument has a fast attack transient followed by a fast decay, like in the case of a piano or other hammered or plucked instruments (this can be achieved by means of both the "Lock" and "Sync" checkboxes). You can also type, paste or drop a pitch value directly into the Tone Player frequency field if you need to test it on the fly. As for the other functions of the Tone Player tool introduced with version 1.4, please refer to the following picture. The Scale Inspector tool The Scale Inspector tool is a tab panel window that will allow you to display, alternatively: 1) all the frequency intervals between the pitch values of the intonation table and a reference frequency (i.e. a specified non-empty row of the intonation table itself ) in terms of both cents and rational fractions ("Reference" tab); 2) the rational approximation errors in hertz and cents (”Ratio Errors” tab); 3) the tone-to-tone intervals and tone deviations from the 12-tone ET scale in cents ("Difference" tab); 4) the MIDI Tuning Standard 12-tone Equal Tempered note approximations corresponding to the pitches of the intonation table, their "frequency image" and their MTS hexadecimal representation that will be used in case the intonation table is exported as an MTS file 6 (Tone Player tool functional diagram) (.syx or .mid) from Max Magic Microtuner ("MTS" tab); 5) the MIDI Tuning Standard approximation errors in hertz and cents (”MTS Errors” tab). Deviations from the 12-tone ET scale will be calculated with a precision of 11 decimal digits, i.e. the maximum precision allowed for the intonation table cells. The Scale Inspector is a global floating "satellite" window that is dynamically updated on the basis of the intonation table contents of its parent Microtuner window. The reference frequency can be set with the note popup menu located in the middle of the parent Microtuner window. Ratios are computed by means of a "best fraction" algorithm that will try to approximate an interval with a rational fraction where the denominator has at most 4 digits (the max. allowed denominator is 9999, but a lower value can be set in the Preferences window by means of the “Max. divisor“ popup menu). In the Preferences window you can select a "just interval denominator threshold" below which ratios will be considered as generic "just intervals", and a tolerance threshold (in cents) for the rational approximation error, above or below which the word “just” will appear to the right of a generic just ratio in lowercase or capital letters, respectively; hence, provided that these settings are properly configured, the word “JUST“ appearing in capital letters right after a fraction will indicate not only that its denominator is smaller than or equal to the “just interval threshold” you set, but also that the absolute value of its deviation in cents from the corresponding frequency of the intonation table is smaller than or equal to the error tolerance threshold you selected (you can consider this feature as a sort of “double check” procedure: if a ratio satisfies both the requirements then it is a “JUST”, otherwise it is only a “just”; so that when the word “just” appears in lowercase, it will indicate an “almost-just” interval). By means of another preferences checkbox you can opt for an "auto-detect" mode that will make the inspector window display ratios 7 instead of cents (when the "Reference" tab is selected) depending on the fraction denominator, otherwise both the values will be displayed on the same line; you can also choose whether to round the displayed cent values to a fixed maximum number of decimal digits (this will have no effect on the 12-tone ET note approximations displayed when the "MTS" tab is selected, that are limited to six decimal digits by default). The list of values displayed in the scale inspector window can start from the reference frequency row or from the first non-empty intonation table row, depending on a checkbox flag you can set in the Preferences window as well. (Scale Inspector tool) Rationalizing a scale A scale can be rationalized with the "Rationalize" function found in the Edit menu. Rationalizing a scale means approximating its frequencies by means of rational numbers, i.e. fractions like a/b; with Max Magic Microtuner these fractions are the same ratios displayed in the Scale Inspector when the "Reference" tab is selected, so that the Scale Inspector can be used as a preview tool for the rationalize function. When invoking this function you will be asked to choose a rationalization method from the following three possibilities: 1 - Accept all ratios 2 - Admit JUST and "almost-just" 3 - Discard "almost-just" The rationalization method is actually a filter that will allow you to prevent rational approximation from occurring when undesired ratios are determined, by admitting only JUST and "almost-just" intervals (option 2) or strictly JUST intervals (option 3). 8 Max/MSP and Pluggo compatibility Compiling Max/MSP tuning external objects A Max/MSP tuning external object is a C-compiled object that can be used in Max/MSP patches as a MIDI-to-frequency converter, just like the native "mtof" external, provided that it is located in a folder that Max/MSP can recognize as its "externals" folder. To generate such an object from your intonation table, simply expand your scale over the full MIDI note range and press the "Compile MSP" button. Once your external has been compiled, just place it into the Max/MSP "externals" folder, so that Max/MSP can properly "acknowledge" it. For more details about the Max/MSP software please read the "additional information" section below. Exporting keyboard mappings in a format compatible with the Max "Coll" object As of release 1.3.1 it is possible to export plain text tuning files compatible with the read method of the Max "Coll" external object. This option will be useful for importing a keyboard mapping (i.e. a scale expanded over the full MIDI note range) inside the Max/MSP IDE directly from a text file, by means of the Coll external instead of an alternate "mtof "external. Alternate tunings for Pluggo 3.x users: You can convert all the 12-tone equal tempered plug-in synths contained in the Pluggo 3.x package (VST, MAS or RTAS) to a custom alternate tuning by following this simple procedure: - quit all applications; - rename the file mtof you find inside the folder System folder > Extensions > Max/MSP Runtime Support > objects > externals to mtof_old (or any other name you like: just don't delete this file because you may need it later); - place your new tuning external object compiled with Max Magic Microtuner inside that folder; - rename your tuning external to mtof; - restart your audio sequencer program. This procedure is actually a workaround that will not damage nor modify your Pluggo 3.x plug-ins. When you decide to go back to the default 12-tET scale, simply quit all applications, delete the mtof file, then rename mtof_old to mtof and restart your audio sequencer program. MIDI Tuning Standard keymaps (.syx, .mid) Importing MIDI Tuning Standard (MTS) bulk tuning dump files (.syx, .mid) As of release 1.3.5 Max Magic Microtuner can import MTS files in the form of plain sysex dump files (.syx) or standard MIDI files with embedded sysex dump data (.mid, any type). File type detection is automatic. The only MTS messages currently supported are the 128-note BULK TUNING DUMP REPLY (sub-ID 08-01) and the more recent 128-note KEY-BASED TUNING DUMP REPLY (sub-ID 08-04), as defined by the MIDI Manufacturers Association (MMA), which are both full range keyboard mappings; the latter is an enhanced version of the old bulk tuning dump message that includes an additional bank select byte. When importing an MTS file the "Transpose at load" function has no effect on the loaded data. If a "no change" condition (hex 7F 7F 7F) is found while 9 reading the file, the corresponding intonation table cell will be set to blank; whatever the number of track chunks, only the first occurrence of an MTS bulk tuning dump message or key-based tuning dump message embedded in a .mid file will be considered; standard MIDI files larger than 1 MB will be rejected. For more details about the MTS format please read the "additional information" section below. Exporting MIDI Tuning Standard (MTS) bulk tuning dump files (.syx, .mid) As of release 1.3.5 Max Magic Microtuner can export MTS files in the form of plain sysex dump files (.syx) or standard MIDI files with embedded sysex dump data (.mid, type 0). The only MTS messages currently supported are the 128-note BULK TUNING DUMP REPLY (sub-ID 08-01) and the more recent 128-note KEY-BASED TUNING DUMP REPLY (sub-ID 08-04), as defined by the MIDI Manufacturers Association (MMA), which are both full range keyboard mappings; the latter is an enhanced version of the old bulk tuning dump message that includes an additional bank select byte. When using this export function a window will appear asking for all the relevant export settings, according to the MTS sysex format requirements. Blank intonation table cells will be converted into a "no change" condition in the exported file (hex 7F 7F 7F); you can preview the MTS hex data about to be exported by selecting the "MTS" tab in the Scale Inspector tool. The resolution of an MTS file is 100/16384 cents, that is 0.006104 cents: you can preview the approximation errors by accessing the “MTS Errors“ tab in the Scale Inspector tool. For more details about the MTS format please read the "additional information" section below. Important notes about MTS sysex messages checksum calculation According to the MMA specifications regarding the MTS messages used by Max Magic Microtuner, checksum calculation is performed differently depending on the message type, as follows: BULK TUNING DUMP REPLY (sub-ID 08-01): checksum = XOR of 7E <device ID> nn tt <388 bytes> Since there is no reference at all to the "nn" parameter elsewhere in the official MMA online documentation about this message type, Max Magic Microtuner follows the most common convention about the "nn" parameter, that is: nn = sub-ID#2 byte = 01 KEY-BASED TUNING DUMP REPLY (sub-ID 08-04): in this case checksum is calculated by successively XOR'ing the bytes in the message, excluding the F0, F7, and the checksum field. The resulting value is then AND'ed with 7F, to create a 7 bit value. In both the cases, when importing an MTS file with a bad checksum, a warning message will appear alerting you about the problem. For more details about the MTS format please read the "additional information" section below. Scala microtuning files (.scl) Importing native Scala (.scl) microtuning files As of release 1.3.2 it is possible to import native Scala microtuning files (.scl), a feature that allows Microtuner users to share one of the most extensive tuning libraries currently available (with an archive of 2,900+ files). Scala files will be loaded and interpreted as if they were Microtuner "intervals" mode tuning files. Since Scala files use a scale syntax 10 based on pure intervals, they don't contain any information regarding the base frequency and the corresponding MIDI note number. For this reason these parameters are maintainable in the "Preferences" window (default settings: MIDI note #60, middle C). For more details about the Scala software and its .scl file archive and file format please read the "additional information" section below. Example file: meanquar.scl Original Scala file: ! meanquar.scl ! 1/4-comma meantone scale. Pietro Aaron's temp. (1523). 6/5 beats twice 3/2 12 ! 76.04900 193.15686 310.26471 5/4 503.42157 579.47057 696.57843 25/16 889.73529 1006.84314 1082.89214 2/1 Resulting Microtuner file saved after importing the previous Scala file: // meanquar.scl // // 1/4-comma meantone scale. Pietro Aaron's temp. (1523). 6/5 beats twice 3/2 // @60 :intervals 261.6255653006 273.37431312998 292.50627485027 312.977175335 327.03195662575 349.91912034749 365.63284274659 391.22147055517 408.78994578219 437.39890198442 468.01003810189 489.02683710225 523.2511306012 Exporting native Scala (.scl) microtuning files As of release 1.3.3 it is possible to export native Scala .scl files. These files basically define a musical scale as a series of intervals between an implicit reference frequency and all the other tones of the scale; the intervals can be expressed both in terms of fractions 11 (in the case of just intervals) and cent values. The concept behind a Scala file and a native Microtuner "intervals mode" file is somewhat similar, even if the Microtuner scale expansion algorithm is based on the intervals between adjacent tones rather than on the distance between each tone and the reference frequency (earlier versions of Max Magic Microtuner did not have any "reference frequency" feature at all, actually). Using the Scala export function in detail When using the "Export Scala (.scl)" File menu option, a dialog box will appear asking for some details. You will have to enter a short description of your tuning (320 characters max.; 80 max. preferred) and select the last intonation table row that is relevant for your scale by means of a note popup menu. This popup menu will allow you to select any intonation table row included in the following interval: Lower limit: reference frequency cell + 1 Higher limit: highest non-empty intonation table cell (max = 127) The note popup menu will normally switch to the higher limit when the dialog box opens; anyway, in order to make the selection of the relevant rows as easy as possible also when you have already expanded a scale over the full MIDI note range, you can highlight the last relevant row by clicking on it before opening the Scala export window: the note popup menu in the Scala export window will automatically switch to the first backward non-empty cell found between the reference frequency and the currently selected intonation table row (if the highlighted row has a lower index than the reference frequency cell or if they coincide, this will have no effect). The row index you will have to select in a general case of an n-tone scale will be equal to the reference frequency row + n. It is important not to forget that intervals are computed at runtime and they are not stored together with a native Microtuner file: even if the computing accuracy is fairly high, some minor approximation errors may occur that can have an influence on the less significant (rightmost) decimal digits. In the Preferences window you can choose whether to avoid exporting intervals as ratios, so that all intervals will be expressed in cents in the exported file; when exporting ratios instead, you can choose whether to accept all ratios, or to admit only JUST and almost-just intervals, or to keep JUST intervals and discard almost-just intervals in the exported file, in a fashion similar to the same filtering feature of the rationalize function (this feature was added as of release 1.3.7). The denominator threshold, the maximum divisor and the error tolerance threshold used in the calculation of ratios, and in the consequent auto-detection of JUST and almost-just intervals, are the same parameters found in the Scale Inspector tool settings, so that you can use the Inspector window as an export preview tool. By means of another checkbox you can decide whether to round cent values as indicated in the Scale Inspector tool settings or not. Scala files exported from Max Magic Microtuner are compatible with Scala for Windows and they can be imported back with the "Import Scala (.scl)" option. For more details about the Scala software and its .scl file format please read the "additional information" section below. Korg OASYS PCI audio card microtuning files Exporting Korg OASYS (.tun) microtuning files As of release 1.3.8 it is possible to export microtuning files compatible with the Korg OASYS PCI audio card (.tun files). These are text files containing a keyboard mapping based on approximations of the actual intonation table frequencies obtained by means of deviations from the 12-tone ET scale, in a fashion similar to MIDI Tuning Standard but with a considerably lower resolution (the nominal resolution of this format is ±1 cent). Blank intonation table cells will not be mapped in the exported file ("no-retuning" condition: according to the Korg OASYS PCI card user's guide, the corresponding notes 12 “will simply be sent straight through their normal pitch” in this case); intonation table cells containing a null frequency (0 Hz) will be mapped as C-1 notes in the exported file. You can decide whether to use the Windows "wide" end-of-line character (ASCII 13 + ASCII 10) or not when saving a .tun file, by means of a checkbox found in the Preferences window: this will be useful if you plan to exchange your tuning files with a PC user, or in case you have other cross-platform requirements of this kind (it's the same checkbox found among the "Saved Microtuner text file type" settings, discussed in a previous section of this manual). Remember to expand your scale before exporting it as a keymap. Native Instruments Pro-52/Pro-53 (.p5m) microtuning files Exporting Native Instruments Pro-52/Pro-53 (.p5m) microtuning files As of release 1.3.4 it is possible to export microtuning files compatible with the Native Instruments Pro-52/Pro-53 softsynths (.p5m files). With this option it is only possible to export 12-tone octave-wise scales, where frequencies are doubled octave after octave; this is not a very powerful microtuning feature for a software synthesizer, but it's of historical importance since it has been the first attempt in the direction of making commercial softsynths accept human-readable text files as microtuning documents. The syntax of this kind of microtuning files is described in the header comments of the following example: Native Instruments .p5m file example "Bagpipe C.p5m" (original Pro-52/Pro-53 microtuning file): PRO52TUNEMAP1 ; ; Bagpipe tuning ; ; thanks to Microtonal Synthesis Homepage, http://home.att.net/~microtonal/scales.html ; ; Root Note is C ; To change to a different root note, just change the note labels ; so that the new root note becomes the unison note ; Example: to make A the new root (A=0): change C->A, C#->A#, D>B, D#->C, E->C#, F-> D etc. ; ; Syntax: [NoteName]=[detuning], where [detuning] is relative to equal tempered in units of 100cents. ; Example: "F#=-0.12" tunes F# (in all octaves) flat by 12 cents compared to an equal-tempered F# ; C=0 C#=-0.7015 D=-0.12318 D#=-0.43403 E=-0.56909 F=-0.06043 F#=-0.51351 G=-0.15271 G#=-0.70121 A=-0.28051 A#=-0.14201 B=-0.50637 When exporting a .p5m file from Max Magic Microtuner, the root note is defined by means of the reference note popup located in the middle of the Microtuner window. Blank intonation table cells will be interpreted as null frequencies (0 Hz). Since the syntax 13 of these tuning files is based on the differences in cents between the actual intonation table frequencies and the corresponding frequencies of the standard 12-tone ET scale, where MIDI note #69 (A4) has a pitch of 440 Hz, it could be of some help to open the inspector window and select the "Difference" tab in order to compare your tuning about to be exported with the 12-tone ET scale. The "Examples" folder includes a Microtuner test file based on the previous .p5m example that will produce the same detuning values once exported. Other notes = Scroll to Reference button = Insert Row button = Delete Row button 14 Max Magic Microtuner version history Release 1.4: redesigned Tone Player tool; new table editing functions “Insert Row” and “Delete Row” added to the Edit menu (corresponding new buttons added to the Microtuner window); table shift options added to the Edit menu (”Transpose Up” and “Transpose Down“); some minor bugs fixed; Release 1.3.8: Korg OASYS PCI audio card support (.tun tuning files); enhanced Scale Inspector tool (now vertically resizable); some minor bugs fixed; Release 1.3.7: new feature: "Rationalize" function added to the Edit menu (corresponding new button added to the Microtuner window); new Preferences settings: maximum divisor of the rational approximation algorithm (now user selectable), JUST interval error tolerance threshold (for detecting "almost-just" intervals), additional Scala file export settings; enhanced Scale Inspector tool (new "Ratio Errors" and "MTS Errors" tabs); some minor bugs fixed; Release 1.3.6: new features: "Retune Table" function, functions for accessing the built-in 12-tET Keymap, "Trim Keymap" function and "Scroll to Reference" function added to the Edit menu (corresponding new buttons added to the Microtuner window); Release 1.3.5: new features: MTS compatibility, enhanced Scale Inspector ("MTS" tab), ability to save Microtuner format text files with Windows end-of-line characters (Preferences setting); Release 1.3.4: new features: enhanced Scale Inspector, Native Instruments Pro-52 /Pro-53 .p5m file support; Release 1.3.3: new features: "Scale Inspector" tool, Scala .scl file export, Undo/Redo functions (single-level); Release 1.3.2: new features: Scala .scl file import, "keyboard style" intonation table appearance; Release 1.3.1: new feature: "Export Max Coll"; Release 1.3: new feature: "Tone Player" tool; Release 1.2: new feature: "Just Tuner" tool; Release 1.1: zero frequency values are now allowed in the intonation table (this will also allow for increased compatibility with Microtuner-format .mtx text files exported as MIDI keyboard mappings from Scala); new feature: "Cents to Frequency" tool; Release 1.0: first release - May 13, 2003. 15 Additional information Max Magic Microtuner support page and mailing list: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/16tone Max/MSP website: http://www.cycling74.com Scala home page: http://www.xs4all.nl/~huygensf/scala Scala file format details: http://www.xs4all.nl/~huygensf/scala/scl_format.html .scl file archive (download URL): http://www.xs4all.nl/~huygensf/doc/scales.zip MMA - MIDI Manufacturers Association: http://www.midi.org (MTS format specifications) Thanks to: - Manuel Op de Coul, author of the Scala software, for his kind support; - Matt Lyon for his suggestions about the Max "Coll" object; - Native Instruments synthesis technology director Michael Kurz for his tests with the FM7; thanks also to Daniel Santucci (Native Instruments) for sending me the FM7 MTS sample files. Copyright Notice Max Magic Microtuner © 2003 Victor Cerullo - All Rights Reserved. Apple Computer Inc. registered application creator signature: MMM1 (Hex 4D4D4D31). Max Magic Microtuner version 1.4 is a commercial software product. If you have purchased a user license then you are a licensee of Max Magic Microtuner 1.4, and you can authorize your copy of this software by entering your full name and your license key code. As a licensee you are allowed to authorize only one copy of this software per license, and you are granted a non-exclusive right to use each authorized copy of this software on a single computer at a single location. In the case of network installations, the maximum number of users must not be greater than the number of user licenses you have purchased. The copyright owner (licensor) retains full ownership of this software: the license agreement is not a sale contract. Authorized copies are strictly personal: copying and distributing authorized copies of this software and/or allowing other people to copy and distribute authorized copies of this software is expressly forbidden, and you may be held legally responsible for any copyright infringement arising from any such violations. Disclaimer There is no warranty on this software. The use of this software is at your own risk. The author of this software is not responsible for any damage possibly resulting from either proper or improper use of one or more of its functionalities. Built and tested at Planet 10 Studio, Mestre, Italy 16