Lukman Hakim

Ethics in Preparing
A Scientific Manuscript
Lukman Hakim
May 29th, 2015
Why should scientists publish?
Scientists publish to share with the research community
findings that advance knowledge and understanding.
Present new, original results or methods;
Rationalize or counter published results;
Present a review of the field or to
summarize a particular topic.
t
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o
b e?
a
t opl
a
h pe
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What do publisher want?
“The statistic that 27% of our papers were not cited in 5 years was
disconcerting. It certainly indicates that it is important to maintain
high standards when accepting papers...…”
(Marv Bauer, Editor, Remote Sensing of Environment)
Publishers do not want zero-cited articles
so do r
eviewe
rs
and re
aders
What do publisher want?
“Publisher do want quality”
WANTED
NOT WANTED
Originality;
Duplications;
Significant advances in
field;
Reports of no scientific interest;
Appropriate methods and
conclusions;
Inappropriate methods or
conclusions;
Readability;
Studies with insufficient data.
Studies that meet ethical
standards.
Work out of date;
Authors
START
Editor
Reviewers
Basic requirement met?
Submit
a manuscript
Y
N
Assign
reviewers
Collect reviewers’
recommendation
REJECT
Revise the
manuscript
N
Y
Accept?
Y
Revision?
N
ACCEPT
Review and provide
recommendation
Early rejection
Limited interest or covers local issues only
(sample type, geography, specific product, etc);
A routine application of well-known methods;
Presents an incremental advance;
Novelty and significance are not sufficiently welljustified;
Unacceptably poor English;
Failure to meet submission requirements.
Ethical Issues
Submit only ONCE at a time
DO NOT gamble by scattering your
manuscript to many journals;
International ethics standards prohibit
multiple simultaneous submissions, and
editors DO find out!
Stop Plagiarism!
The practice of taking someone else's work or ideas
and passing them off as one's own; (Oxford Dictionaries)
The appropriation of another person’s ideas,
processes, results, or words without giving
appropriate credit;
!
Plagiarism is a serious offence that could lead to
academic charges, termination of employment,
and seriously affect your scientific reputation;
No Fabrication & Falsification!
Fabrication
Making up data or results, and recording
or reporting them.
Falsification
Manipulating research materials,
equipment, processes; or changing /
omitting data or results such that the
research is not accurately represented in
the research record.
Improper Author Contribution
Author
{
Substantial contributions to conception
and design, or acquisition of data, or
analysis and interpretation of data;
Drafting the article or revising it critically
for important intellectual content;
Final approval of the version to be
published.
Redundant Publication
An author should not submit a previously
published paper, for consideration in another
journal, unless there are significant findings or
advances in that research.
Re-publication of a paper in another language
is acceptable, provided that there is full and
prominent disclosure of its original source at
the time of submission.
Other ethical issue
Improper use of human subjects and animals
in research (Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as
revised in 2000);
If doubt exists concerning the compliance of
the research with the Helsinki Declaration,
authors must explain the rationale for their
approach and demonstrate approval from the
institutional review body.
Good Luck