Morvan Morvandu Morvan - Tourisme dans le Parc du Morvan

Morvan,
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land of Résistance
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GUIDE TO THE
CHEMINS DE MÉMOIRE
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LE PETIT CÉLESTIN
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Morvan,
Morvan Morvan
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régional
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Morvan,
land of Résistance
GUIDE TO THE
CHEMINS DE MÉMOIRE
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WOULD YOU LIKE TO TRAVEL THE CHEMINS
CMY
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DE MÉMOIRE, WHILE LEARNING ABOUT THE
HISTORY OF THE RESISTANCE AND THE SECOND
WORLD WAR IN THE MORVAN ?
f THE “PETIT CÉLESTIN” GUIDE OFFERS YOU
A NUMBER OF THEMED ITINERARIES.
OR WOULD YOU PREFER TO DISCOVER THE
CHEMINS DE MÉMOIRE CLOSEST TO YOUR PLACE
OF RESIDENCE ?
f THE “PETIT CÉLESTIN” GUIDE LISTS THEM
BY TOWN.
FOLLOW THE GUIDE, AND ENJOY YOUR VISIT…
le petit
célestin
THIS “PETIT CÉLESTIN” GUIDE has been produced
by the association “Morvan, Terre de Résistances-ARORM”
and Morvan Regional Nature Park.
The guide is intended to help you discover the 21 memorial
sites which are emblematic of the Occupation and Resistance
in the center of Morvan.
It provides an excellent educational tool, resituating these
memorial sites in their historical context, and complements
the information presented at the various sites with
suggestions for further reading and previously unheard
testimonies.
For young visitors, “Le Petit Célestin” offers a range of
on-the-spot activities to enjoy, based around the different
themes presented. Make sure you use your powers of
observation to spell out the mystery word, and don’t forget
to fill in the entry form!
3
{ Discovering the Chemins de mémoire by theme:
THE MAQUIS RESISTANCE GROUPS
• The origins of the Maquis Bernard Croix Grenot, St-Brisson > 1
• The hospital of the Maquis Camille - Vermot,
Dun-les-Places > 2
• Homage to the Maquis Camille - Plainefas,
St-Martin-du-Puy > 3
• The refuge of the Maquis Vauban - Chapelle
St-Pierre, Saint-Agnan > 4
• The Maquis des Fiottes - Bois des Fiottes,
Moux-en-Morvan > 5
• The Maquis of Chaumard - Bois de Chaumard
> 6
Vezelay
THE LIBERATION
• The Headquarters of the Resistance Town Hall, Ouroux-en-Morvan > 13
REPRESSION
Clamecy
• Resistance Memorial - Moux-en-Morvan
> 14
• The Maquis of Chaumard massacre Cemetery and memorial stone, Chaumard > 15
ALLIES IN THE WAR
• Accident involving an English bombardier Cemetery, St-Brisson > 16
• Franco-British cemetery,
Corbigny
Ouroux-en-Morvan > 17
• Dramatic parachute drops - Mazignien
and Marigny-l’Eglise cemetery > 18
LO
al
can
du
{ Discovering the Chemins de mémoire by commune :
• CHALAUX : Les Goths farm (Maquis Camille)
on the theme of “Fighting and armed combat”.
• CHAUMARD : By the roadside and in the forest:
the Maquis of Chaumard memorial stone, on the
theme of “The Maquis Resistance groups” or in
the town: the cemetery, on the theme
of “Repression”.
• DUN-LES-PLACES : The church and cemetery,
on the theme of “Martyred villages”. In Vermot:
the hospital of the Maquis Camille, on the theme
of “The Maquis Resistance groups” or the battle
of Vermot, on the theme of “Fighting and armed
combat”.
• LORMES : On the facade of the town hall
(Maquis Camille) on the theme of “Fighting
and armed combat”.
• MARIGNY-L’EGLISE : At the cemetery (Maquis
Camille) and in Mazignien: the memorial stone
(Maquis Camille) on the theme of “Allies
in the war”.
• MONTSAUCHE-LES-SETTONS : The monument
to the dead, on the theme of “Martyred villages”
ais
ern
niv
FIGHTING AND ARMED COMBAT
• The ambush at La Verrerie La Verrerie, Montsauche-les-Settons > 7
• The battle of Vermot - Vermot,
Dun-les-Places > 8
• Goths farm, an impregnable camp Chalaux > 9
• The fighting of 12 June 1944 Town hall, Lormes > 10
MARTYRED VILLAGES
• A martyred village - Monument to
the dead, Montsauche-les-Settons > 11
• The massacre of Dun-les-Places Dun-les-Places church and cemetery > 12
rigole d’
and at La Verrerie (Maquis Bernard) on
the theme of “Fighting and armed combat”.
• MOUX-EN-MORVAN :
In the town: the Resistance Memorial, on
the theme of “Repression” and in the woods
(Maquis des Fiottes) on the theme of “The
45
Maquis Resistance groups”.
D9
• OUROUX-EN-MORVAN : In front of the town
Chatillon en Bazois
hall, on the theme of “The Liberation” and in
Coeuzon forest: the Franco-British cemetery,
on the theme of “Allies in the war”.
• PLAINEFAS : Homage to the Maquis Camille,
on the theme of “The Maquis Resistance groups”.
• SAINT-AGNAN : By the edge of the lake,
Chapelle St-Pierre (Maquis Vauban),
on the theme of “The Maquis Resistance groups”.
• SAINT-BRISSON :
At the cemetery, on the theme of “Fighting
and armed combat”, La Croix Grenot (Maquis
Bernard) on the theme of “The Maquis
Resistance groups” and the Morvan
Resistance Museum at La Maison du Parc
AUXERRE
PARIS
N6
Avallon
A6
St-Germaindes Champs
Lac du
Crescent
St-LegerVauban
FERME DES GOTHS
PLAINEFAS
10
26
CHAPELLE SAINT-PIERRE
4
18
«
Maquis Vauban N
«
Lac de
Chaumeçon
6
St-Agnan
Maquis Camille
3
ORMES
Lac
de St-Agnan
18
D128
MAZIGNIEN
9
DIJON
D2
MARIGNY-L’EGLISE
Chalaux
Precy-sous-thil
D55
QuarréLes-tombes
Saint-Martindu-Puy
N6
St-Brancher
D36
D977-Bis
VERMOT
12
2 8
Brassy
Saulieu
ST-BRISSON
DUN-LES-PLACES
1
CROIX GRENOT
Vauclaix
MONTSAUCHE
LES SETTONS
’Yonne
Lac de Pannecière
15
«
7
D1
7
LES FIOTTES
5
Alligny-en-Morvan
N6
Liernais
« MOUX-EN-MORVAN
Maquis
des Fiottes
14
Lac des Settons
49
6
CIMETIÈRE
DE COEUZON
Chamboux
D1
«
CHAUMARD
11
D37
Maquis Chaumard
13
Lac de
Maquis Bernard
D193
LA VERRERIE
17
OUROUXEN MORVAN
8 km
0
D15
MUSÉE DE
LA RÉSISTANCE
16
Gien-surCure
Arnay-le-duc
STÈLES
Planchez
Corancy
D2
90
1
AUTUN
N8
Chateau-Chinon
D978
+
Each site presents a “virtual volume”: a solid,
weighty structure, in materials such as concrete
and metal, the volume of which is, however,
only partially visible. This is intended to express
the idea that not everything can be said, that the
process of remembrance is fragmented, subjective,
and partial.
Plants counterbalance these smooth metal
surfaces, suggesting fragility, the passage of time,
and the turning of the seasons.
The graphics employed take us back into history
by immersing us in the symbolic vocabulary
of the war and the Resistance. Pictograms have
been designed to give us a real feel for the era
without being overly dramatic. Some of them evoke
the war (vehicles, weapons, etc.), the life of the
Maquis Resistance fighters (trees, fires, camps,
radios, transmitters, etc.), while others are symbols
of remembrance or decorations.
Chemins de mémoire...
Discover the history of the Resistance and the Second World
War…
The Morvan, a mountainous and heavily wooded region, provided
a refuge for those seeking to flee repression and continue
the struggle against the occupier.
Follow in the footsteps of the Maquis Resistance groups…
From 1943 onwards, local leaders created embryonic Resistance
groups. As of spring 1944, their numbers increased rapidly and
the Maquis surged in strength thanks to the weapons dropped
by the Allies in preparation for the Liberation battles.
Remember the martyred villages…
Although the Maquis Resistance groups managed by their own
efforts to liberate most of the Morvan region, the war left a deep
trauma due to the barbarism of the Nazis.
21 Second World War memorial sites have been constructed under
the label of “Resistances in the Morvan - Chemins de mémoire».
You can visit them all in the Morvan, amid magnificent natural
sites.
Most of these sites are located along hiking trails, riding paths
and mountain-bike routes, and are offered as e-hikes. Other
memorial sites are also available in the Morvan. Ask at Tourist
Offices.
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Advice for visiting the Chemins de
mémoire in a safe and enjoyable manner :
• These sites are places of remembrance and
contemplation: please respect them.
• Respect the local wildlife: do not drop litter.
• Be vigilant: the paths you will take are
accessible to other users on foot, by horse,
bike and motor vehicle.
contents
THE MAQUIS RESISTANCE GROUPS P. 4
The Maquis Camille and the Maquis Bernard
The Maquis des Fiottes and the Maquis of Chaumard
The Maquis Vauban
ALLIES IN THE WAR P. 8
A downed English bombardier – Cemetery, St-Brisson
Franco-British cemetery – Coeuzon, Ouroux-en-Morvan
Dramatic parachute drops – Mazignien and Marigny-l’Eglise
cemetery
FIGHTING AND ARMED COMBAT P. 10
The ambush at La Verrerie – Montsauche-les-Settons
The battle of Vermot – Dun-les-Places
Les Goths farm, an impregnable camp – Chalaux
The fighting of 12 June 1944 – Town hall, Lormes
REPRESSION P. 11
Resistance Memorial – Moux-en-Morvan
The massacre of the Maquis of Chaumard – Cemetery
and standing stone, Chaumard
MARTYRED VILLAGES P. 13
A martyred village – Monument to the dead, Montsauche-les-Settons
The massacre of Dun-les-Places – Dun-les-Places church
and cemetery
THE LIBERATION P. 15
The Headquarters of the Resistance – Town hall, Ouroux-en-Morvan
MORVAN RESISTANCE MUSEUM
COMPETITION ENTRY FORM
7
The Maquis Resistance groups
The Maquis* were originally founded by a few brave individuals. During the
course of 1943 small Resistance groups, scattered across the Morvan, formed
around local leaders. The Compulsory Work Service** introduced by the French
state favoured the development of the Maquis, as many young people wishing
to avoid it came to seek refuge in the region. They were then taken in by the
local Resistance, made up of men and women who were more experienced and
better trained in clandestine living. Things were difficult in the beginning due
to the lack of resources. Based in makeshift camps, abandoned homes and farmhouses, the maquisards experienced difficult conditions during the winter of
1943-1944, suffering from cold, hunger and fear.
The Maquis groups moved around frequently for reasons of safety. Originally
places of refuge, the Maquis became combat groups and ultimately liberators
thanks to the help of the Allies and the coordination of their activities. Starting
with 3 to 5 men, some Maquis went on to have a thousand members.
During the summer of 1944, the Maquis improved their organisation and their
camps became better established, welcoming an influx of new recruits. Allied
parachute drops brought them vital assistance. Increasingly well-armed, some
even received support from the SAS, the British airborne commandos. A more
military approach was introduced, and some Maquis set up their own health services or clandestine hospitals. The support of the local population was essential
for the survival of these groups, providing treatment, hiding places, food and
information to the Resistance fighters.
In total, around thirty Maquis groups emerged in the Morvan, representing
some 10,000 maquisards by summer 1944.
* Maquis: a group of Resistance fighters concealed in an area difficult to access (forests
or mountains)
** Compulsory Work Service (or ‘Service du Travail Obligatoire’ in French): the obligation
for all young people, aged 18 to 25, to go and work in Germany
Drawn in September 1944, the illustrations shown
in this guide and at the memorial sites are the
work of Staff Sergeant Blémus, aka Cherbourg.
He left the Paris region along with several of his
colleagues from the National Geographical Institute
(formerly the Military Geographical Service).
Together, they joined the Maquis Camille in June
1944, bringing with them their technical expertise in
training and strategy.
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each maquis has
its own history...
MAQUIS CAMILLE
The Maquis Camille was founded in the spring of 1943 by Paul Bernard, aka
Camille, and Jean Longhi, aka Grandjean, both originally from the Paris
region. Their camp moved from Lormes, to Dun-les-Places, to Saint-Martindu-Puy. By summer 1944, it had about 700 men, definitively based at Les
Goths farm in Chalaux.
>> Sites to visit :
• THE HOSPITAL OF THE MAQUIS CAMILLE
Vermot, Dun-les-Places
GPS coordinates : Longitude 3°58’22.7"E
Latitude 47°17’27.6"N - Altitude 513 m
• HOMAGE TO THE MAQUIS CAMILLE
Plainefas, St-Martin-du-Puy
GPS coordinates : Longitude 3°54’04.2" E /
Latitude 47°18’05.3" N / Altitude 470 m
MAQUIS BERNARD
Founded in early 1944, the Maquis Bernard was based in the forest of
Saint-Brisson. It was commanded by Louis Aubin, a retired policeman,
aka Bernard, and Joseph Pelletier, aka Joseph. In the summer of 1944, the
Maquis set up camp in the forest of Coeuzon, at Ouroux-en-Morvan, with
around one thousand men. The Headquarters of the Resistance in Nièvre
also based its command post here, and was used by the prefect Jacquin, appointed by General de Gaulle, making Ouroux-en-Morvan the clandestine
prefecture of Nièvre.
>> Sites to visit :
• THE ORIGINS OF THE MAQUIS BERNARD
Croix Grenot, St-Brisson
GPS coordinates : Longitude 4°04’18.9" E / Latitude
47°15’38.0»N / Altitude 644 m
• FRANCO-BRITISH CEMETERY Coeuzon, Ouroux-en-Morvan
GPS coordinates : Longitude 4°00’00.7"E / Latitude
47°11’08.2"N / Altitude 584 m
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MAQUIS DES FIOTTES
This Maquis was based in the Bois des Fiottes in Moux-en-Morvan. It was founded during the summer of 1943 by a mechanic, Joseph Pelletier. After an attack
in the winter of 1944, the group disappeared.
>> Site to visit :
• THE MAQUIS DES FIOTTES
Bois des Fiottes, Moux-en-Morvan
GPS coordinates : Longitude 4°08’11.0" E / Latitude 47°11’16.6" N /
Altitude 655 m
MAQUIS DE CHAUMARD
The Maquis of Chaumard was established in 1944 by Marcel Lemaître and Octave
Bauché. Based in Chaumard Forest, this Maquis only existed for a short time,
being attacked by the enemy on 31 July 1944.
>> Site to visit :
• THE MAQUIS OF CHAUMARD – Memorial stone by the roadside and Chaumard
Forest - GPS coordinates : Longitude 3°57’16.9" E / Latitude 47°08’54.9»N / Altitude 523 m
Other memorial stones in the Morvan
commemorate the existence of specific Maquis
groups, including Socrate at Anost, Maurice at HautFolin, Louis at Les Fraichots (Larochemillay), Nasica at
Arnay-le-Duc, and Verneuil at Les Iles Ménéfrier.
At Saint-Honoré-les-Bains, the Resistance Museum includes
a significant collection of newspapers and magazines from
the era. Located close to the Maquis Louis base, the museum
also houses an exhibition on the activities of this important
Maquis group, carried out under the direct orders
of the English forces.
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MAQUIS VAUBAN
The Maquis Vauban took refuge in the Morvan during the winter of 19431944. Centred around Armand Simonnot, aka Théo, this Maquis was located
at the intersection of the departments of Yonne, Côte d’Or and Nièvre.
>> Site to visit :
• THE REFUGE OF THE MAQUIS VAUBAN Chapelle Saint-Pierre, Saint-Agnan
GPS coordinates : Longitude 4°04’54.4" E /
Latitude 47°19’56.0" N / Altitude 522 m
The photo of the Maquis Vauban
which can be seen in Chapelle
Saint-Pierre was taken on 4
February 1944 and hidden under
a stone until the Liberation.
To find out more about life in the
Maquis, visit the digital gallery of
the Morvan Resistance Museum.
b
+
{ LES MOTS CROISÉS DES MAQUIS
Using the definitions and what you observed at the Maquis memorial
sites, find the right words, then enter in back page the 2 letters you find
in the green squares.
>> Legend :
1
1 Alias of Jean Longhi
2 Building in which the first
2
clandestine hospital of the Maquis
6
Camille was established
3 Name of the small village where
the Maquis Bernard set up camp
in Spring 1944
4
4 Name of a wine trader who was
5
a member of the Maquis des Fiottes
5 Month in which the Maquis
of Chaumard was attacked
3
6 Name of the Maquis which took
refuge in Chapelle Saint-Pierre
11
Allies
t
in the war
CÉLESTIN AND CIE
The year 1941 marked a turning point in the war. The conflict became a global
one, as the USSR and the United States in turn joined the fighting. The number
of battlefronts increased and heavy bombing campaigns became a feature of the
war. After the landings in North Africa in November 1942, the Allies secured a
number of victories, including the battle of Stalingrad in February 1943.
The first parachute drop in the Morvan took place in Duc forest, at Les Lavaults
(Quarré-les-Tombes), on 22 November 1942. The coded message used to notify the
Resistance fighters was: “Célestin will come to lunch this evening at Anastasie’s”.
The Allied presence in the Morvan took multiple forms. As well as parachute drops
of equipment for the Resistance, men were also parachuted in to organise new
Maquis groups or to support the Resistance fighters in their struggle against the
occupier.
British airmen were also present in the department, following the downing of
their plane. The survivors were taken in by local inhabitants and Resistance
members, then smuggled out via escape networks. Despite the danger, the dead
were buried in the presence of the villagers. Inter-allied missions were also sent
out during the summer of 1944 to organise ‘Operation Morvan Hedgehog’, aimed at
coordinating the activities of the Maquis groups and hampering the withdrawal
of German troops.
12
t
>> Sites to visit :
• DOWNING OF AN ENGLISH BOMBARDIER - Cemetery, St-Brisson
GPS coordinates : Longitude 4°05’23.5" E / Latitude 47°16’06.4" N / Altitude 634 m
• FRANCO-BRITISH CEMETERY - Coeuzon, Ouroux-en-Morvan
GPS coordinates : Longitude 4°00’00.7»E / Latitude 47°11’08.2" N / Altitude 584 m
• DRAMATIC PARACHUTE DROPS - Mazignien, Marigny-l’Eglise
GPS coordinates : Longitude 3°56’47.2" E / Latitude 47°19’10.9" N / Altitude 429 m
• MARIGNY-L’EGLISE CEMETERY
pictos.pdf
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GPS coordinates : Longitude 3°56’05.2»E / Latitude 47°21’37.3" N / Altitude 451 m
+ • In Duc forest, at Les Lavaults (Quarré-les-Tombes), there is a memorial
stone commemorating the first parachute drop to have taken place
in the Morvan.
• At the Maquis Bernard, roasted barley “coffee” was very often taken
with sugar, even though it was rationed… Among the maquisards was
Lieutenant Lefaure, real name Jean Lebaudy, owner of the second-largest
sugar plant in France, thus explaining the abundance of sugar
in the Maquis Bernard.
• In the Resistance, all information was encoded. The Resistance fighters
used pseudonyms, parachute drops and operations were announced by
coded message on English radio broadcasts from the BBC, and the drop
sites were also given code names ; here Peinture for Mazignien.
{ LE PONT DISPARU
Where does this symbol not appear?
On back page, fill in the letter corresponding to the correct number :
1 =T, 2 =E, 3 =M
1 At the Franco-British cemetery in Coeuzon (Ouroux-en-Morvan)
2 At the Memorial Stone – Mazignien (Marigny-l’Eglise)
3 At St-Brisson Cemetery
C
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CM
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Fighting
and armed combat
RECONQUERING THE MORVAN
During the summer of 1944, the Morvan played a strategic role in the liberation
of France. From June 1944 onwards, the equipment parachuted in was remarkable
both in terms of its quantity and quality, and the Maquis groups were now well
organised. General Kœnig, head of the French Forces of the Interior (FFI) tasked
the Morvan Maquis with an exciting but dangerous mission, that of continuously
harassing German troops in deadly ambushes. After the Normandy landings on 6
June 1944, the Germans were retreating back to Germany and the Morvan was the
unavoidable point of passage. The maquisards deployed guerrilla tactics, moving
from an offensive situation to a combat situation. The fighting intensified, with
sabotage operations, ambushes, skirmishes and battles, eventually leading to the
area’s liberation. The Morvan thus became a key site for the Resistance.
>> Sites aménagés à découvrir :
• THE AMBUSH AT LA VERRERIE
La Verrerie, Montsauche-les-Settons
• LES GOTHS FARM,
AN IMPREGNABLE CAMP -Chalaux
GPS coordinates : Longitude 4°01’27.0" E /
GPS coordinates : Longitude 3°54’01.0" E /
Latitude 47°10’52.9" N / Altitude 558 m
Latitude 47°19’44.4" N / Altitude 382 m
• THE BATTLE OF VERMOT - Vermot,
Dun-les-Places - GPS coordinates :
• THE FIGHTING OF 12 JUNE 1944 Townhall, Lormes
Longitude 3°58’22.7" E / Latitude 47°17’27.6" N
GPS coordinates : Longitude 3°49’06.0" E /
/ Altitude 513 m
Latitude 47°17’20.5"N / Altitude 418 m
{ VRAI OU FAUX ?
Which one of these statements is false? On back page, fill in the letter
corresponding to the relevant number : 1 =I, 2 =O, 3 =L
1 The Maquis Julien seized police uniforms from Lormes.
2 In reprisal for the activities of the Maquis Bernard, the Germans burned
Brassy.
3 On 26 June 1944, the Maquis Camille was attacked at Vermot (Dun-les-Places)
+
At Les Goths farm, a field hospital
was set up to treat Maquis fighters
injured during ambushes. The farmer
had created a little pond which, as it
emptied at night, powered a turbine,
which in turn drove a dynamo to provide
light, an ingenious system which enabled
the maquisards to operate by night.
14
repression
IN THE SHADOW OF THE MILICE AND THE OCCUPYING
FORCES
There were active collaborators in several towns in the Morvan, particularly in
Château-Chinon and Autun where “Kommandantur”* stations were based. These
people were supporters of Nazism, and mostly members of the Milice, and were
thus involved in spying on the Resistance, and especially the Maquis.
By 1943, growing numbers were refusing to participate in Compulsory Work
Service and joining the Maquis. As the Resistance became more active and organised, the repression by German and Vichy authorities increased. After the
Allied landings in Normandy on 6 June 1944, a ‘total war’ approach was adopted. The German army’s crackdown, assisted by the Milice forces, was heavy. It
targeted members of the organised Resistance, those helping the Resistance
fighters, even in the smallest of ways, and ultimately the civilian population,
seeking to terrorise the public and dissuade them from supporting the combatants. While the German troops did not dare to enter the forests of the Morvan
due to lack of intelligence about the Resistance forces, some Maquis groups fell
victim to denunciation and spying and were attacked and decimated.
* German army headquarters.
15
>> Sites to visit :
• RESISTANCE MEMORIAL – Moux-en-Morvan
GPS coordinates : Longitude 4°09’11.4" E / Latitude 47°10’15.8»N / Altitude 491 m
• THE MASSACRE OF THE MAQUIS OF CHAUMARD - Cemetery, Chaumard
GPS coordinates : Longitude 3°54’32.1" E / Latitude 47°08’38.9»N / Altitude 335 m
• MEMORIAL STONE, Chaumard
+
GPS coordinates : Longitude 3°56’56.9" E / Latitude 47°08’38.0»N / Altitude 363 m
Many women took part in the Resistance,
often carrying out logistical operations
related to counter-propaganda and
intelligence, providing health and social
services, or as liaison officers.
Due to the position they occupied in society at
the time, they were seldom involved in combat
or roles of responsibility.
{ RESISTANCE FIGHTER PUZZLE
Find the missing piece of the puzzle and fill in the corresponding letter
on back page.
16
A
D
E
I
Martyred
villages
IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF NAZI BARBARISM
After the Allied landings in Normandy on 6 June 1944, the fighting intensified between the German troops and the Maquis. Increasingly under attack
during the summer of 1944, the Germany army organised and intensified
its combat against the Resistance fighters, considered more than ever as
terrorists. In the course of June 1944, a huge crackdown operation took
place in the Morvan, targeting the local population through measures of
reprisal and terror intended to break their support for the Resistance.
The war left a deep trauma due to the barbarism of the Nazis.
>> Site to visit:
• A MARTYRED VILLAGE – Monument to the dead, Montsauche-les-Settons
GPS coordinates : Longitude 4°01’26.6" E / Latitude 47°12’52.1" N / Altitude 574 m
Planchez, located close
to Montsauche-les-Settons,
was also set on fire on 25
June 1944. Many of the village’s
streets are named in honour
of the Resistance.
17
>> Sites to visit :
• THE MASSACRE OF DUN-LES-PLACES - Church of Dun-les-Places
GPS coordinates : Longitude 4°00’57.7" E / Latitude 47°17’04.8" N / Altitude 517 m
• Cemetery of Dun-les-Places
+
GPS coordinates : Longitude 4°00’45.9" E / Latitude 47°16’59.6" N / Altitude 534 m
Soon to discover the memorial
of Dun-les-Places about the
inhumanity and the memory of
the events from 26 till 28 june 1944.
{ FIND THE ODD ONES OUT
Among these monuments, there are two odd ones out. Find them and enter
the letters shown under the photos of the odd ones out on back page.
A
R
M
18
E
liberation
PATHS OF FREEDOM
The Liberation was not just a military campaign; it was also a question of
restoring the French Republic. Thanks to the efforts of Jean Moulin, representing General de Gaulle in France, the interior Resistance movement was
unified and coordinated under the National Council of the Resistance.
In Nièvre, Colonel Roche became Chief of Staff of the Resistance and Jean
Longhi became one of the regional leaders of the Maquis. In June 1944, new
Headquarters were set up in Coeuzon, under the protection of the Maquis
Bernard and SAS parachutists. Robert Jacquin, the Prefect appointed by
General de Gaulle’s Provisional Government of the French Republic, also
set up in Ouroux.
The Maquis groups became battalions and were no longer clandestine in
nature. They liberated most of the Morvan by themselves. Agreements
were reached in Ouroux-en-Morvan to bring together all Maquis in the
Morvan under one united Resistance force, and they pushed back the German troops at the battle of Crux-la-Ville. While the Morvan was officially
liberated after the battle of Autun on 10 September 1944, some areas were
already free thanks to the actions of the Maquis or due to abandonment by
German troops in disarray.
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>> Site to visit :
• THE HEADQUARTERS OF THE RESISTANCE - Town hall, Ouroux-en-Morvan
GPS coordinates : Longitude 3°56’49.4" E / Latitude 47°11’07.1" N / Altitude 562 m
+
• Erected at the top of Mont Saint-Sébastien in
Autun, the Liberation Cross commemorates the
liberation of the town where the last fighting took
place between 8 and 10 September 1944, leading to
the liberation of Morvan. De Lattre’s Army B took
part in this battle.
• Around Crux-la-Ville, a number of memorial
stones recall these combats and the activities of
the Maquis groups known as Daniel, Julien and
Mariaux. If you would like to find out more, Morvan
Resistance Museum presents a slideshow on the
battle of Crux-la-Ville.
20
CHEMINS DE MÉMOIRE
COMPETITION
FROM 11 JUNE TO 11 NOVEMBER 2015,
WIN A VIP PASS
To the Dun-les-Places (58230) Memorial inauguration ceremony
Fill in the entry form below, cut it out and leave it at (or send it to)
Morvan Resistance Museum (Musée de la Résistance en Morvan),
Maison du Parc, 58230 Saint-Brisson.
A PRIZE DRAW TO WIN
DINNER + ONE NIGHT’S HOTEL ACCOMMODATION WITH BREAKFAST
FOR 4 PEOPLE
WORTH €200 AT L’AUBERGE ENSOLEILLÉE (DUN-LES-PLACES)
+ VIP PASS
For complete rules of the competition, see www.museeresistancemorvan.fr
{ ENTRY FORM
CHEMINS DE MÉMOIRE COMPETITION
Surname :
Date of birth:
Adress :
Postcode :
Tél. :
Name :
Town :
Email :
I agree to receive information by email from “Morvan, Terre de Résistances-ARORM”.
>> Enter the 7 letters found in the games in the guide :
>> Place them in the correct order to spell out the mystery word :
Free competition, without obligation of purchase, open from 11 June to 11 November 2015 to any natural person aged 18 or
over and residing in mainland France. To participate, entrants must fill in the above form, and send or submit it to: Musée de
la Résistance en Morvan, Maison du Parc, 58230 Saint-Brisson. Only one entry per household will be accepted. Participation in
this competition implies acceptance of these rules. The winner will be drawn at random on 11 November 2015 from among the
participants who have correctly answered the competition question. The prize awarded as a result of the draw includes dinner
and one night’s accommodation for four people at a hotel in Burgundy on 25 June 2016, as well as breakfast and a VIP pass for
the Dun-les-Places Memorial inauguration ceremony on 26 June 2016, worth €200. The prize may not under any circumstances
be exchanged for cash or for other prizes.
21
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Morvan Resistance
Museum
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Located within the Morvan Regional Nature Park Centre, the Resistance Museum
provides an understanding of the role and importance of the Resistance in this
region during the Second World War.
Through its impressive collection, the museum brings history to life. A large number of items, archive documents, materials, photographs, weapons, and much
more, are presented here in three different rooms. The first room examines the
German occupation of the region and its consequences. The second is entirely
dedicated to the Resistance, and the Maquis in particular. The final room of the
museum focuses on the Liberation of the Morvan and how the Resistance is
remembered.
The Resistance Museum has recently joined the “Morvan Digital Gallery”.
Located at midpoint in the permanent exhibition, its portrait, “The Maquis of the
Morvan,” is an immersive projection space presenting daily life in the Maquis
resistance groups.
The Museum is run by the association “Morvan Terre de Résistances-ARORM”.
Coordonnées GPS : Longitude 4°05’55.4" E / Latitude 47°16’32.4" N / Altitude 624 m
Open to the public from April to November and all year round for groups
(booking required). For all information, please contact:
Musée de la Résistance – Maison du parc – 58 230 SAINT-BRISSON
Tel : 03 86 78 72 99 – Email : [email protected]
>> Find the museum’s latest news on Facebook or at :
www.museeresistancemorvan.fr
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70 years after the Second World War, at a time when the last eyewitnesses
are now disappearing, the Morvan offers a chance to (re)discover a number
of Second World War memorial sites. 21 sites featuring memorial stones,
plaques, cemeteries, and other monuments have been organised to promote,
highlight and enrich the process of remembrance. They are all interconnected and form part of a larger circuit with an easily recognisable identity.
Enhanced by well-designed layouts and the use of plants, these sites offer an
educational and sensitive approach to this area of history.
Morvan terre de Résistances – ARORM
Musée de la Résistance en Morvan
Maison du Parc
58230 SAINT-BRISSON
tél : 03 86 78 72 99
[email protected]
www.museeresistancemorvan.fr
t
Morvan,
TERRE DE RÉSISTANCES
Parc naturel régional du Morvan
58 230 SAINT-BRISSON
tél : 03 86 78 79 00
www.tourisme.parcdumorvan.org
“Le Petit Célestin” Guide to the “Chemins de mémoire”
Written, produced and designed by: Aurore Callewaert (Morvan Terre de Résistances – ARORM)
with the assistance of Sylvia Dentzer and Marion Lemaire (Morvan RNP)
Published by: Morvan Regional Nature Park, 2015
Photo credits : Vincent Arbelet, Morvan terre de Résistances-ARORM, PNRM
Graphics: Livia Marchand / www.indelebil.fr
Translated by : Traducta International
Printing : Inore groupe, Varennes-Vauzelles
“Resistances in the Morvan – Chemins de mémoire” sites
Morvan Regional Nature Park and the Association Morvan terre de Resistances-ARORM.
Atelier Correia et associés, Studio graphique Indelebil, Traducta International, Boscher signalétique et image, EURL Rouchon, Arcelus
>> Find us on facebook :
>> With the support of :
Parc
naturel
régional
Morvan
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Parc
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régional
Parc
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régional
Morvan Morvan
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