BB, 1- 48 Page, May.qxd - High Commission of India, Bangladesh

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''For reason of the inner depth and the high aim
revealed in his poetic writings; also for the brilliant
way in which he translates the beauty and freshness of
his Oriental thought into the accepted forms of Western
belles-letters.''
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cÖwZw`b †Zvgvi K_v ü`‡q Rv‡M...Õ iex›`ªbv‡_i K_vI Avgv‡`i
bvbv Dcj‡¶ cÖwZw`b g‡b Ki‡Z nq|
iex›`ªbv‡_i mva©kZ Rb¥evwl©Kx D`&hvc‡bi R‡b¨ fviZ miKvi
we‡kl Kvh©µg nv‡Z wb‡q‡Q| iex›`ªbv_ †h‡nZz ALÊ evsjvi, ZvB
evsjv‡`‡ki m‡½ †hŠ_fv‡e Zuvi mva©kZRb¥evwl©Kx D`&hvcb Kivi
wm×vš— wb‡q‡Q fviZ miKvi| GeQ‡ii cÖ_g gv‡m evsjv‡`‡ki
cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbvi ivóªxq fviZ md‡i welqwU P~ovš— nq| fviZ
miKvi Kwei cÖvYwcÖq kvwš—wb‡KZb‡K Iqvì© †nwi‡UR mvBU wn‡m‡e
†NvlYvi Av‡e`b Rvwb‡q‡Q RvwZms‡Ni mvs¯‹…wZK HwZn¨
msi¶YKvix ms¯’v ÔBD‡b‡¯‹vÕi Kv‡Q| iex›`ªbv_‡K we‡kl
kª×vÁvc‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ wek¦fviZxi AvPvh© fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x
kªxgb‡gvnb wms‡ni we‡kl AvMÖ‡nB G Av‡e`b Rvbv‡bv nq|
†nwi‡UR mvBU †NvlYv msµvš— BD‡b‡¯‹vi wb‡`©kbv †g‡b
AvwK©IjwRK¨vj mv‡f© Ad BwÛqv B‡Zvg‡a¨ kvwš—wb‡KZ‡bi †Kvi
Gwiqv¸‡jv wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb| Gi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q DËivqY, Kjvfeb,
msMxZfeb, AvkªgcÖv½Y, DcvmbvM„n Ges QvwZgZjvi gZ
HwZn¨evnx cÖv½Y¸‡jv| G mg¯— HwZn¨evnx cÖv½‡Yi wkíKg©, b·v,
Qwe, gyiv‡ji eY©bv †`Iqv n‡q‡Q BD‡b‡¯‹vi wbqg I wb‡`©kbv
Abyhvqx| kvwš—wb‡KZ‡bi †Kvi Gwiqvi †fŠ‡MvwjK gvbwPÎ I
feb¸wji b·vI †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| Gme HwZn¨evnx cÖv½‡Yi eZ©gvb
Ae¯’v Ges wKfv‡e G¸wj‡K fwel¨‡Z msi¶Y Kiv n‡e Zvi wek`
cwiKíbvI †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q| BD‡b‡¯‹v G Av‡e`b †g‡b wb‡j
kvwš—wb‡KZb n‡e fvi‡Zi 30Zg BD‡b‡¯‹v †nwi‡UR mvBU|
iex›`ªbv‡_i mva©kZ Rb¥e‡l© BD‡b‡¯‹vi †NvlYv iex›`ª‡cÖgx‡`i Rb¨
Lye eo myLei n‡e m‡›`n †bB|
evsjv‡`k miKvi B‡Zvg‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡k GKwU iex›`ª wek¦we`¨vjq
cÖwZôvi †NvlYv w`‡q‡Qb| iex›`ªbv‡_i Rxeb I iPbvK‡g©i GKUv
eo Ask †K‡UwQj evsjv‡`‡ki Kzwóqv-cvebv-ivRkvnxi wkjvB`n,
mvRv`cyi-cwZm‡i| ÔcÙvÕ†ev‡U Ny‡i Ny‡i wZwb Rwg`vwi †`L‡Zb
Avi evsjvi RbRxe‡bi GKvš—wPÎ Gu‡K ivL‡Zb KweZv I †QvUM‡í|
†m-me wP‡Îi wKQy wQ‡U‡duvUv bgybv fviZ wewPÎvi cvVK‡`i mvg‡b
Zz‡j aiv †MjÑ
M„n‡¯’i †g‡qiv GKUvbv wf‡R kvwo Mv‡q Rwo‡q ev`jvi VvÊv
nvIqvq e„wói R‡j wfR‡Z wfR‡Z nuvUzi Ic‡i Kvco Zz‡j Rj
†V‡j †V‡j mwnòz Rš‘i gZ NiKbœvi wbZ¨Kg© Ki‡Q, GZ Kó
GZ Abvivg gvby‡li Kx K‡i mq, †f‡e cvB bv| Gi Ici cÖwZ
N‡i ev‡Z ai‡Q, cv dzj‡Q, mw`© n‡”Q, R¡i n‡”Q, wc‡jAvjv
†Q‡j¸‡jv Awekªvg N¨vb N¨vb K‡i Kuv`‡Q, wKQy‡ZB Zv‡`i
euvPv‡bv hv‡”Q bvÑ GKUv GKUv K‡i g‡i hv‡”Q|...
fviZ wewPÎvi G msL¨vwU hw` cvVK‡`i we›`ygvÎ fvj jv‡M,
Avgv‡`i cwikªg mv_©K n‡e|
03
b„Z¨Kjv
gwYcyix b„‡Z¨i mÜv‡b
gvwQgcy‡i iex›`ªbv_
†kL †g‡n`x nvmvb
gwYcyix b„Z¨fw½gvq ivav-K…ò
1919 mv‡ji gvSvgvwS wkj‡O †eov‡Z
Av‡mb iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi| wkjO †_‡K wm‡jU
†ewk `~‡ii c_ bq| myZivs wm‡j‡Ui
eªvþmgv‡Ri c¶ †_‡K †Mvwe›`bvivqY wmsn
Zuv‡K wm‡j‡U Avmevi Avgš¿Y Rvbvb| Kwe
ivwR nbwb| AZtci AvÄygvb-B-Bmjvg,
kªxnÆ gwnjv mwgwZ, gyivwiPuv` K‡j‡Ri c¶
†_‡K cici PviwU †UwjMÖvg Kiv n‡j wZwb
wm‡jUevmxi Avgš¿Y MÖnY K‡ib| ZLb wkjO
†_‡K wm‡j‡U Avmvi †Zgb †Kvb hvbevnb
wQj bv, GgbwK Ôwm‡jU-wkjOÕ †gvUi iv¯—v
†Lvjv nqwb| mvaviYZ Amg-†e½j †ij
c‡_B wkjO †_‡K †jv‡Kiv hvZvqvZ KiZ|
†PivcywÄ w`‡q _vevq K‡i Lvwmqv‡`i wc‡V
P‡o Avmevi e¨e¯’v wQj| wKš‘ Kwe gvby‡li
wc‡V Po‡Z wKQy‡ZB ivwR n‡jb bv| wZwb
e‡jwQ‡jb Ôeis `k gvBj †nu‡U cvnvo DrivB
Ki‡Z cvwi Zey gvby‡li Kuv‡a Po‡Z cvie
bv|Õ †mB Rb¨ †PivcywÄi iv¯—v w`‡q bv G‡m
Amg-†e½j †ijc_ w`‡qB wZwb kªxnÆ
Awfgy‡L iIbv n‡jb| Kwe †ijc‡_B
G‡mwQ‡jb| Zuvi m‡½ wQ‡jb cyÎ i_x›`ªbv_ I
cyÎea~ cÖwZgv †`ex|
5 b‡f¤^i (19 KvwZ©K 1326) eyaevi
Kwe Lye †fv‡i wm‡j‡U †cuŠQb| AvMg‡bi
m‡½ m‡½ †Q‡jiv AvZkevwR †dvUvq| myigv
b`xi NvU †_‡K Kwe‡K k•LaŸwb evwR‡q
†kvfvhvÎvmn wm‡jU kn‡i Avbv nq|
†kvfvhvÎvq Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb ZrKvjxb Am‡gi
gš¿x Rb‡bZv ˆmq` Ave`yj gwR`, †cŠimfvi
†Pqvig¨vb ivq evnv`yi myLgq †PŠayix cÖgyL|
Kwe kn‡ii bqvmoK wUjvi Ic‡i cvw`ª Ugvm
mv‡n‡ei evs‡jvq I‡Vb| ˆmq` gyZ©vRv Avjxi
fvlvq Kwe‡K iv‡RvwPZ msea©bv †`Iqv nq|
6 b‡f¤^i (20 KvwZ©K 1326)
e„n¯úwZevi mKvj AvUUvq Kwe‡K UvDb nj
cÖv½‡Y kªxnÆevmx Rbmvavi‡Yi c¶ †_‡K
msea©bv †`Iqv nq| Ômfvq cÖvq cuvPnvRvi
bi-bvixi mgvMg n‡qwQj| cÖ_‡g kªxhy³
hZx›`ª‡gvnb †`e‡PŠayix, DKxj Aw¤^Kvevey
iwPZ Kwe-cÖkw¯—g~jK GKwU Mvb MvB‡j ci
m½xZÁ uhvwgbxKvš— ivq `w¯—`vi gnvkq
†envjv evwR‡q Kwei wPË we‡bv`b Ki‡jb|
Af¨_©bv mwgwZi mfvcwZ ˆmq` Ave`yj
gwR` mv‡ne D`y© fvlvq cÖvq `k wgwbUKvj
Kwei ïf Dcw¯’wZ‡Z kªxnÆevmxiv KZ`~i
Avbw›`Z n‡q‡Qb Zv eY©bv Ki‡jb|
Awfb›`bcÎ cvV K‡iwQ‡jb ub‡M›`ªP›`ª `Ë
gnvkq|Õ Awfb›`bc‡Î ejv n‡qwQjÑ
ÔAvcbvi cÖwZfv meŸ©‡ZvgyLx| Avcwb wPš—
vkxj cwÊZ| e‡½i GB fve I wPš—vcÖavb
hy‡Mi meŸ©cÖavb fve I wPš—vbvqK| m‡Z¨i
mij c‡_i meŸ©cÖavb Av‡jvK¯—¤¢|Õ
msea©bvi Dˇi iex›`ªbv_ Ôev½vjxi
mvabvÕ kxl©K cÖvq †`oNÈve¨vcx e³„Zv
K‡ib| Zuvi e³‡e¨ evOvwj m¯ú‡K© wZwb
¸i“Z¡c~Y© wKQy K_v e‡jwQ‡jbÑ ÔAvwg GUv
Abyfe Kwi †h, fvi‡Z evOvjxi GKwU we‡kl
mvabv Av‡Q| be¨e‡½i Avi¤¢Kvj †_‡KB Zvi
GKwU Aciƒc be¨Zv †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| GB b~Zb
evsjvi mKj gnvcyi“lB b~Zb‡K Af¨_©bv
K‡i wb‡Z fq cvbwb| GB b~Zb Avkvi, GB
b~Zb cÖv‡Yi cÖej mÂvi G‡`‡ki mvwn‡Z¨
mgv‡R wk¶vq `x¶vq cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q| †h gvbyl
cyivZb‡KB GKvš— AvuK‡o _v‡K †m wb‡R‡K
Awek¦vm K‡i| †h wb‡R‡K Awek¦vm K‡i, †m
Avcb wPˇ¶‡Î fv‡jv K‡i Pvl †`q bv, cy‡iv
dmj djvq bv| evOvjx Avcbv‡K wek¦vm
K‡i‡Q, †m Avcb dmj djv‡”Q| ZvB Zvi
cÖwZ fvi‡Zi Ab¨ RvwZiI wek¦vm Rb¥v‡”Q|
evOvjxi KvQ †_‡K Zviv wKQy cv‡e G K_v
Zviv ¯^xKvi K‡i|Õ
e„n¯úwZevi `ycy‡i iex›`ªbv_ Aa¨vcK
bwjbx‡gvnb kv¯¿x gnvk‡qi Avgš¿‡Y Zuvi
evmfe‡b hvb| †ejv `yÕ‡Uvi mgq eªvþmgvR
gwYcy‡ii ivLvjb„Z¨
fvi‡Zi gvbwP‡Î gwYcy‡ii Ae¯’vb (jvj wPwýZ)
Abycg gwYcyix b„Z¨fw½gv
04
M„‡n kªxnÆ gwnjv mwgwZ Kwe‡K
Awfbw›`Z K‡i| msea©bv Abyôv‡b Kwei
Avm‡bi mvg‡b †Uwe‡j †gvov‡bv wQj gwYcyix
†g‡q‡`i ˆZwi †UwejK¬_| eqb ˆbcy‡Y¨i Rb¨
†UwejK¬_Lvbv Kwei Lye fvj jv‡M| ZLbB
wZwb gwYcyix‡`i ZuvZ I RxebvhvÎv †`L‡Z
AvMÖn cÖKvk K‡ib| IB w`b Abyôvb †k‡l
Kwe‡K wb‡q hvIqv nq wm‡j‡Ui DcK‡É
gvwQgcyi c~e©gÊc gwYcyix ew¯—‡Z| Kwei
AvMgb Dcj‡¶ ¯^í mg‡qi g‡a¨ ÔKjvwbcyY
gwYcyixiv Zv‡`i cj−xi cÖ‡ekØv‡i mvwi mvwi
KjvMvQ cyu‡Z my›`i GKwU †ZviY ˆZix
K‡iwQj| †MUwU KvMR-KvUv dzj-jZv-cvZv
w`‡q my‡kvwfZ, †ZviYØvi †_‡K iv¯—vi
Dfqcv‡k¦© A‡bK¸‡jv mcÎ AvgªkvLv gvwU‡Z
†cÖvw_Z K‡i ivLv n‡qwQj|Õ KjvMv‡Qi wb‡P
emv‡bv g½jNU I AvgcvZvi †kvfbm¾v
†`‡L Kwe gy» nb| iex›`ªbv_ wM‡qwQ‡jb
wm‡j‡Ui gvwQgcyi c~e©gʇc †Mvcxbv_
wRDiZ gw›`‡i (cÖwZôv 1880 wLª÷vã)|
†mLv‡b wZwb ivLvjb„Z¨ †`‡Lb| ivav-K„‡òi
†cÖg wb‡qB ivLvjb„Z¨i Kvwnbx| gwYcyix‡`i
AwfcÖvq wQj Kwe‡K Zuviv ivmb„Z¨I
†`Lv‡eb| wZwb K¬vwš—‡eva Kivq wZbUvq wd‡i
Av‡mb evs‡jvq| iex›`ªbv_ e‡jb †h, we‡K‡j
UvDb n‡j e³…Zv †`evi K_v GLb mgq †bB,
Zviv hw` iv‡Z Kwei evs‡jvq hvq Zvn‡j
wZwb Avb‡›`i m‡½ Zv‡`i Mvb bvP Dc‡fvM
Ki‡eb| gw›`i †_‡K wdievi mgq wZwb wK‡b
†bb gwYcyix †g‡q‡`i ˆZwi wKQy Kvco|
mܨv mvZUvq iex›`ªbv_ e³„Zv K‡ib
wm‡j‡Ui UvDb n‡j| iv‡Z evs‡jvq wd‡i
wKQyUv wekªvg wb‡q Dc‡fvM K‡ib ivmb„Z¨|
ÔimÕ †_‡KB ÔivmÕ k‡ãi DrcwË| Avi im
Dcjwäi Rb¨ †h jxjv Dc¯’vwcZ nq †mwUB
ivmjxjv| ivmjxjv weòzwcÖqv gwYcyix‡`i
cÖavb cve©wYK Drme| gwYcyix cyivY g‡Z,
GB ivmjxjvi cÖeZ©b K‡ib ¯^qs fMevb
kªxK…ò| Gi m~Pbv nq Aóv`k kZ‡Ki cÖ_g
cv‡` evsjv‡`‡ki wm‡jU, †gŠjfxevRvi,
nweMÄ, KgjMÄ, mybvgMÄ A‡j 1842
wLª÷v‡ã| ivmjxjv cwi‡ewkZ nq ivmc~wY©gvi
iv‡Z| b„Z¨ I MxZvwkªZ cwi‡ekbvB iv‡mi
DcRxe¨| ivm Dc¯’vwcZ nq ev`¨Ki, MvqK,
†`vnvi I bZ©Kxi mgš^‡q| gwYcyix
ivmjxjvÑ gwYcyix b„Z¨wk‡íi we‡kl Dcv`vb
wK‡kvix‡`i †Kvgj imvwkªZ ivmb„‡Z¨i
cwi‡ekbv, cwi‡aq ivRKxq †cvkvK †`‡L
iex›`ªbv_ gy» n‡qwQ‡jb| Zuvi gwYcyix
ivmb„Z¨ †`Lv m¤ú‡K© myax‡i›`ªbvivqY wmsn
e‡jbÑ Ôiv‡Î gwYcyix evjK-evwjKviv
evs‡jv‡Z G‡m Dcw¯’Z nÕj Kwe‡K bvP
†`Lvevi D‡Ï‡k¨| b„Z¨ Avi¤¢ nevi c~‡e©
GKRb gwYcyix nvi‡gvwbq‡g myi aievi
D‡`¨vM Ki‡ZB Kwe Zuv‡K eviY Ki‡jb|
bqbvwfivg RuvKv‡jv cwi”Q` cwiwnZ Ac~e©
jveY¨kªxgwÊZ gwYcyix evwjKviv Zv‡`i
evû¸‡jv b„Z¨Q‡›` jxjvwqZ K‡i, ejqvKv‡i
Ny‡i Ny‡i c„w_exi me©‡kªô Kwe Ges
KjvimÁ‡K Zv‡`i RvZxq b„Z¨ †`wL‡q Zuvi
cÖksmv AR©b Ki‡jv| Kwe Zuv‡`i b„Z¨ †`‡L
gy» n‡q wek UvKv cyi¯‹vi w`‡jb| K_v
cÖm‡½ G b„Z¨ m¤^‡Ü wZwb ej‡jbÑ graceful best form of physical exercise|Õ
gwYcyix ivmb„Z¨ †`‡L gy» n‡q bZ©Kx‡`i
iex›`ªbv_ cyi¯‹…Z K‡ib| aviYv Kiv hvq,
gwYcyix ivmb„Z¨ Kwei gb‡K fvjfv‡eB
Av”Qbœ K‡iwQj| wZwb w¯’i K‡ib,
kvwš—wb‡KZ‡bi Qv·`i gwYcyix b„Z¨wk¶vi
Rb¨ GKRb b„Z¨wk¶K m‡½ wb‡q hv‡eb| G
m¤ú‡K© gûqv gy‡Lvcva¨vq wj‡L‡Qb, Ô†Póv
K‡iwQ‡jb ZLwb GKRb wk¶K‡K
kvwš—wb‡KZ‡b wb‡q †h‡Z| wKš‘ †`k †Q‡o
†Kv‡bv gwYcyix bZ©K †h‡Z m¤§Z bv nIqvq
Zv mdj nqwb|Õ wm‡j‡U `yÕw`b AwZ e¨¯—Zvq
KvwU‡q AvMiZjvi D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎvi c~‡e©
f³‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨ Kwe †j‡LbÑ
ggZvwenxb Kvj‡mªv‡Z
evsjvi ivóªmxgv nÕ‡Z
wbe©vwmZv Zzwg
my›`ix kªxf~wg|
fviZx Avcb cyY¨nv‡Z
ev½vjxi ü`‡qi mv‡_
evYxgvj¨ wbqv
euv‡a Ze wnqv|
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evsjvi Avkxe©v` Mv_v n‡q Av‡Q|
wÎcyivi gnvivRv ex‡i›`ªgvwYK¨ evnv`y‡ii
Avgš¿‡Y AvMiZjvq KÕw`‡bi Rb¨ iex›`ªbv_
AvwZ_¨MÖnY K‡ib| wkjP‡i Kwe AveviI
gwYcyix bvP †`‡Lb| Kwe gnvivRv‡K kvwš—
wb‡KZ‡bi Qv·`i gwYcyix bvP †kLv‡Z
GKRb wk¶K †`evi Aby‡iva K‡ib| 1920
mv‡ji †deª“qvwii cÖ_g mßv‡n wÎcyivi
gnvivR, gwYcyix b„Z¨¸i“ ey×gš¿ wmsn‡K
kvwš—wb‡KZ‡b cvVvb| wÎcyivivR‡K ab¨ev`
Rvwb‡q iex›`ªbv_ GKwU wPwV †j‡LbÑ
ÔgnvivR ey×gš¿ wmsn‡K Avkª‡g cvVvBqv‡Qb
†mRb¨ Avbw›`Z I K…ZÁ nBqvwQ| †Q‡jiv
AZ¨š— Drmv‡ni mwnZ Zvnvi wbKU bvP
wkwL‡Z‡Q| Avgv‡`i †g‡qivI bvP I gwYcyix
wkíKvh© wkL‡Z JrmyK¨ cÖKvk Kwi‡Z‡Q|
gnvivR ey×gš¿ wms‡ni ¯¿x‡K GLv‡b
iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
Dc‡i gwYcyix b„‡Z¨i K‡qKwU bvUKxq gyn~Z©
05
gnvivR ey×gš¿ wms‡ni ¯¿x‡K GLv‡b
cvVvBevi Av‡`k †`b Z‡e Avgvi D‡Ïk¨
mvwaZ nB‡e| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki f`ªN‡ii
†g‡qiv Kvco †evbv cÖf„wZ KvR wb‡Ri nv‡Z
Kwi‡Z Af¨vm Kwi‡e BnvB Avgv‡`i B”Qv,
GB Rb¨ Avmvg nB‡Z GKRb wk¶wqÎx
GLvbKvi †g‡q‡`i Zuv‡Zi KvR wkLvB‡Z‡Q|
wKš‘ wm‡j‡U Avwg gwYcyix †g‡q‡`i †h KvR
†`wLqvwQ Zvnv Bnvi †P‡q fvj| Avwg
eyw×gš¿i wbKU Avgvi cÖ¯—ve RvbvBqvwQ| †m
gnviv‡Ri m¤§wZ cvB‡jB Zvnvi ¯¿x‡K
AvbvBqv GLvbKvi gwnjvw`M‡K gwYcyix bvP
I wkíKvh© wkLvBevi e¨e¯’v Kwi‡Z cvwi‡e
Giƒc ewjqv‡Q| GB Rb¨ G m¤^‡Ü gnviv‡Ri
m¤§wZ I Av‡`‡ki A‡c¶v Kwiqv iwnjvg|
fMevb Avcbvi Kj¨vY Ki“b GB Kvgbv
Kwi|Õ
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n‡q‡Q| Avm‡j gvbegyw³i Rb¨ wkíwk¶v
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Ri“wi KvwiMix wk¶v| kZel© c~‡e© evOvwji
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b„Z¨wk¶vi e¨e¯’v nq| b„Z¨wk¶vi msev‡`
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dvêyb msL¨vq msev` cÖPvi nq Gfv‡eÑ
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evj‡Kiv Zuvnvw`‡Mi wbKU nB‡Z g„`½
mn‡hv‡M mv½xwZK e¨vqvg wk¶v Kwi‡Z‡Q|Õ
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njÑ Ôkªxhy³ wÎcy‡ik¦i gnvivR evnv`y‡ii
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wek¦fviZxi Aa¨vcK‡`i A‡b‡KiB gb
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Aaybvjyß †m‡bU n‡j| fviZxq `k©b gnvmfvi gnv Awa‡ek‡b Kwe
ej‡Qb, welq: Philosophy of Our People| G e³„Zvi welq
wbi¶i evDj‡`i Rxeb-K_v| AviI Av‡Q| GB e³„Zvi welqe¯‘
GB evDj‡`i iPbv †_‡K msM„nxZ| Av‡iv Av‡iv Av‡Q| 1930
mvj| Kwe Avgwš¿Z Bsj¨v‡Ûi A·‡dv‡W©Ñ RM‡Zi we`¨vPP©vi ZLbI
cÖavbZg †K›`ª| e³„Zvi welq Avevi †mB AMwYZ wbi¶i `xb`wi`ª
evDj| GB wek¦wekÖ“Z The Religion of Man Avgv‡`i eyS‡Z
mvnvh¨ Kij Kv‡K The Concept of Man e‡j| evDj‡`i K_v|
mgMÖ fviZel© hyM hyM a‡i mÂvwiZ n‡”Q, mg„× n‡”Q GB
wek¦gvbe‡`i g‡a¨| Rb¥ AvwfRvZ¨ Avh© Abvh© wn›`y-gymjgvb wkL
†eŠ× wLª÷vb Giv iex›`ªbv‡_i Rxebmvabvq, wek¦‰gÎx fvebvq GK
mgMÖ I mvwe©K mfviƒ‡c cÖwZfvZ n‡q‡Q| iex›`ªbv_ †mB fviZe‡l©i
mvabv K‡i‡Qb †h fviZe‡l© GK Awfbe e¨wZµg N‡U‡Q| Ab¨Î
GK ag© G‡m Ab¨ me ag©‡K D‡”Q` K‡i‡Q| fviZxq mvabv cÖgvY
K‡i‡Q fvi‡Z meag© mgš^q mnR mij RxebPh©vi ewjô cÖKvk|
Ô†mB fvi‡Zi ag© fviZ ev wn‡›`i bv‡g wn›`y (ÔfviZxqÕ) bv‡gB
AwfwnZ| e¨w³we‡k‡li ev †Kvb cÖe©Z‡Ki bv‡g GB wn›`y ag© b‡n|Õ
(evsjvi evDj, w¶wZ‡gvnb c„. 4)
cwÊZ w¶wZ‡gvnb †mb iex›`ªmvabvi gnËg cÖKvk| w¶wZ‡gvnb
†mb iex›`ªbv‡_i g‡bi gvby‡li cÖwZ”Qwe ej‡j AZz¨w³ n‡e bv|
†`Lyb w¶wZ‡gvnb wKfv‡e iex›`ªbv‡_i fviZel©-wPš—v AvZ¥¯’
K‡i‡Qb| Òemyjmvwniv GKw`‡K wn›`y‡hvMx I Zvwš¿K, Ab¨w`‡K
gymjgvb| Bnvw`M‡K wVK †Kvb †kªYx‡Z †djv hvq Zvnv ejv KwVb|
MÄv‡g Dwol¨v nB‡Z AvMZ Avi“ev RvwZ AvPvi-e¨env‡i wn›`y, wKš‘
weevnvw`i mgq †gvj−v Wv‡K| Zvnviv Rv‡b gymjgvb kv¯¿B A_e©‡e`|
†h‡nZz Zvnv‡`i wµqv A_©e‡e` g‡Z Kiv PvB ZvB †gvj−v‡`i WvKv
`iKvi|... A‡bK ¯’‡j wn›`y-gymjgvb Df‡q GKB †`egw›`‡i c~Rv
K‡i gvbZ K‡i I gvbZ gv‡b| `w¶‡Y †KvbI †KvbI gymjgvb †kªYx
gnv‡`e ewjqv wb‡R‡`i cwiPq †`q|
gyK&KzSiv mgy‡`ªi ˆKeZ©| Zvnv‡`i g‡a¨
KLbI gymjgvb msmªe NwU‡j mš—vb‡K
gymjgv‡biB nv‡Z †`Iqv nq| †mB †kªYxi
bvg cywUqv A_©vr b~Zb Bmjvg| DËicwð‡gi fvU‡`i bvwK †Rvi Kwiqv GKevi
gymjgvb Kiv nq| Zvnviv A‡bK wn›`y
AvPiY cvjb K‡i| weev‡n Av‡M Zvnviv
cy‡ivwnZ WvwKqv Kb¨v`vb I cÖ`w¶Yvw`
KivBqv Z‡e KvRx‡K Wv‡K| †ewniv
gymjgvbivI bvwK eªvþY wQ‡jb| Zvnv‡`i
†Kvb †KvbI esk cvwjIqvj, †MŠo eªvþY
nB‡Z D™¢yZ| ivRcyZ †evivI Av‡Qb|
Wvdvjxiv KZK gymjgvb Avevi KZK wn›`yi
AvPvi cvjb K‡i| Zvnviv M½v I †`exc~Rv
I ce©vw` cvjb K‡i| †Nvlx‡`i c~e©cyi“l
gymjgvb cÖfv‡ei Øviv cÖfvweZ nb, Zvnviv
GL‡bv eû wn›`y AvPvi I ms¯‹vi gvwbqv
_v‡Kb| û‡mbx eªvþYiv bv eªvþY-bv
gymjgvbÑ H iKg me Avav wn›`y-gymjgvb
mKj †kªYxiB ¸i“cy‡ivwn‡Zi KvR Zuvnviv
K‡ib| evwKiv gymjgvb ewjqv cwiwPZ
nB‡jI fevbx cÖf„wZ †`exi c~RK|...
AvMvLvbx I jvjLvbxivI begymwjg‡`i
`‡j| Zvnv‡`i GLbI eû wn›`y ms¯‹vi I
AvPvi iwnqv wMqv‡Q| GBiKg Avav-wn›`y
Av`v-gymjgvbgÊjx eû Av‡Q| wn›`yiv
Zvnv‡`i ¯^xKvi K‡ib bv| gymjgvb mgv‡R
Zvnviv Av`„Z|...
GBLv‡b Avav-wn›`y, Avav-gymjgvb
GKwU b~Zb `‡ji bvg bv Kwiqv _vwK‡Z
cvwi‡ZwQ bv| Bnv AvwjM‡oi mvi ˆmq`
Avng` Luv‡qi Aš—i½| Bnviv D`vi `vk©wbK
gymjgvb ag© gv‡bb, mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv ewR©Z
mnR mZ¨‡K ¯^xKvi K‡ib| cÖK…wZ ev †bPvi
(Nature)-†K AbymiY K‡ib ewjqv Bnv‡`i
e‡j Ô†bPvwiÕ| GB `‡j wn›`yI A‡bK
Av‡Qb|Ó
Gme
K_v
w¶wZ‡gvnb
Kwe
mvwnwZ¨K‡`i gZ ej‡Qb bv| ej‡Qb
b„weÁvbxi gZ| cÖgvY wgj‡e Zuvi cwVZ
MÖš’cwÄKv wePvi Ki‡j| A_©vr G me wKQy
cÖgvY K‡i fviZe‡l©i ˆewPΨ KZ Mfxi|
Featherman-Gi Social History of
Mankind w¶wZ‡gvnb c‡o‡Qb evi evi|
Census Report I Risley-i The people
of India †Zv Av‡QB| Avi AvR‡Ki wn›`ygymjgvb mgm¨v eyS‡Z n‡j, fviZel©‡K
eyS‡Z n‡j iex›`ªbv‡_i c_ I cv‡_q, mg~n,
ivRv-cÖRv cÖf„wZ evi evi co‡Z n‡e| Gme
Mfxi wPš—vcÖm~Z cÖeÜgvjv iPbv Kivi mgq
iex›`ªbv_ †hb Kwe bb, MfxiZi A‡_©
mgvRweÁvbx| Ggb me iPbvq Kwe wbg©g
mZ¨fvlY K‡i‡Qb| gymjgvb‡K ¯úó K‡i
e‡j‡Qb Zv‡K ag©xq †Muvovwg Z¨vM Ki‡Z
n‡e| wn›`y‡K e‡j‡Qb mgv‡R †f`Ávb
wbg~©j Ki‡Z n‡e| wn›`yi ag©xq D`viZv,
A‡bKvš—ev`, †e`vš—, Dcwb‡l‡`i Zzjbv
†bB G RM‡Z; Bmjv‡gi mvgvwRK D`viZv
me©Rbwew`Z| Bmjvg †Zv h_v_©B
A‰ØZev`x| G me Kwe iex›`ªbv_ †ev‡Sb,
eyS‡Z Avgv‡`i mgq †j‡M‡Q A‡bK| Ges
gvbeH‡K¨i cÖ‡kœ G‡m iex›`ªbv_ ¯úó K‡i
ej‡Z cv‡ib cÖwZwU wn›`y †KejB wn›`y bq,
gymjgvb †KejB gymjgvb bb| ms¯‹…wZ A‡_©
cÖ‡Z¨‡KB wn›`y-gymjgvb cÖ‡Z¨‡KB
gymjgvb-wn›`y| Gme iex›`ª Dw³ Avgiv
2010 mv‡jI fvj K‡i eyS‡Z cviwQ bv|
me‡P‡q eo K_v, iex›`ªbv_ fviZel©‡K
†Kvbw`b †bkb e‡j eyS‡Z Pvbwb|
Bs‡iwR‡Z Kwe Gfv‡e Zuvi g‡bi Qwe cÖKvk
K‡i‡Qb: The people are living beings.
They have the distinct personalites.
But nations are organisations of
power, and therefore their inner
aspects of outward expressions are
everywhere monotonously the same.
Their differences are merely differences in degree of efficiency.
In the modern world the fight is
going on between the living spirit of
the people and the methods of nation
organising when the spread of higher
ideals of humanity is not held to be
important, the hardening methods of
national efficiency gains a certain
strength; and some limited period of
time, at least is proudly asserts itself
as the fittest to survive. But it is the
survival of that part of man which is
the least living. And this is the reason
why dead monotony is the sign of the
spread of the nations. The modern
towns which present the present
physiogonomy due to this dominance
of the Nations, are everywhere the
same, from San Francisco to London,
from London to Tokyo. They show
no faces, but merely masks. (Creative
Unity, Mac, First ed., 1922, pp. 14344) Kwei 1922-Gi cvðvZ¨ kw³i
cÖv`yf©v‡ei cÖKvk AvR wek¦vq‡bi cÖZv‡c
KZUv mZ¨ n‡q D‡V‡Q Zv †Zv Avgiv g‡g©
g‡g© Dcjwä KiwQ| iex›`ªbv_ †`k ej‡Z
Zvi gvbyl‡K, Zvi `k©b‡K, Zvi Rxe‡bi
wbZ¨ myL`yt‡Li jxjv‡K ey‡S‡Qb| ZvB
nations-Gi unity Zuv‡K e¨vKzj K‡iwb,
eis e¨w_Z K‡i‡Q c„w_ex‡Z gnvwgj‡bi
Afve, Kwe evi evi RvwZ‡Z RvwZ‡Z gvby‡l
gvby‡l harmony †P‡q‡Qb| kvwš—wb‡KZ‡b
wek¦fviZx cÖwZôv K‡i we‡k¦i fviZx‡K
cÖwZôv Ki‡jb, kªxwb‡KZb ˆZwi K‡i
gvby‡li eyw×i Awfgvb me bq, Avcbv nvZ
RMbœv_ gvbyl‡K †evSv‡jb| fviZe‡l©i
ms¯‹…wZ GKwU eûZš¿x exYv, ˆeiv‡M¨i
GKZviv bqÑ GB wek¦fviZxi evYx| Avi
gvbyl iv‡óªi bvMwiK, mgv‡Ri mš—vb| G me
evYxi gg© Avgv‡`i D×vi Ki‡Z n‡e b‡Pr
Avgv‡`i mg~n wec`|
Gevi iex›`ªbv‡_i fviZel© fvebvi
w`‡K ZvKv‡bv hvK| Av‡MB ejv n‡q‡Q,
fvi‡Z gymjgvb mvabv GK D‡j−L‡hvM¨
NUbv| mydxmvaKiv fviZel©‡K GK
ms‡e`bkxj mgš^qev`x wek¦‰gÎx fvebv
w`‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| mydxiv fviZe‡l©i gb‡K
mim K‡i‡Qb, fviZel© Zv‡`i MÖnY K‡i
AvZ¥nviv n‡q‡Q|
iex›`ªbv‡_i fviZel© wPš—v †Kvb msKxY©Zvi
c_ a‡i Av‡mwb| Dcwbl` I mswnZv,
ˆew`K I A‰ew`K avivi hy³‡eYx fviZel©,
fviZel© eo gvby‡li Aš—i½ Rxebmvabvi
dj| eû mva‡Ki gvbemvabv GB
fviZe‡l©i eo K_v| GLv‡b ag© ¶qI bq
A¶qI bq, ag© m‡Z¨i ¯^iƒc mÜvb|
Ôeª‡þvcwblrÕ e‡jb, Zuviv evB‡ii wk¶v m~Î
Z¨vM K‡i, A¶i ce© eªþ‡K m~ί^iƒc aviY
Ki‡eb|
Gevi wjwcwe`¨vi K_v| G GK AwZ
cÖvPxb we`¨v| g‡n‡Äv`v‡ov‡Z wjwc cvIqv
†M‡Q| A_©vr wjwc evB‡i †_‡K Av‡mwb|
†e`cš’xiv wKš‘ wjwci c¶cvZx wQ‡jb bv|
†e` ï‡b wkL‡Z nZ| †e` †jLvq
biKev‡mi weavb| GgbwK †e`cš’xiv
cÖwZgv c~Rv Ki‡Zb bv| G‡`‡k Zviv Zv
†c‡jb| G †`‡k eû gvbyl cÖwZgv‡K wkí
wn‡m‡e mgv`i K‡i‡Q| Ggb eû wewP‡Îi
msMwZ G‡`‡k| msMwZ Avi mvgÄm¨ weavb
fviZxq mf¨Zvi g~j Abykvmb| iex›`ªbv_
GB Abykvmb‡K gnvg~j¨evb g‡b K‡i‡Qb|
GKw`b Avh©‡`i Kv‡Q cweÎ wQj AwMœ|
Av‡h©Zi‡`i wkjv| AvR ïf K‡g© wkjv I
AwMœ `yB-B jv‡M| bvbv ms¯‹…wZ wg‡jwg‡k
fviZel©| G‡KB ejv n‡q‡Q ˆewP‡Î¨i g‡a¨
HK¨; H‡K¨i g‡a¨ ˆewPΨ|
fvi‡Z gymjgvb mvabv GK D‡j−L‡hvM¨
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ms‡e`bkxj mgš^qev`x wek¦‰gÎx fvebv
w`‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| mydxiv fviZe‡l©i gb‡K
mim K‡i‡Qb, fviZel© Zv‡`i MÖnY K‡i
AvZ¥nviv n‡q‡Q| fvlvi K_vq G‡m ejv hvq
wn›`y‡`i †`efvlv ms¯‹…Z eû euva‡b mxgve×
wQj| gymjgvb G‡m evsjv wnw›` cÖf„wZ‡K
PwjZfvlvq iƒcvš—wiZ Kij| evsjvfvlvI
mvwnZ¨mg„× nj| fviZxq gymjgvb‡`i
Kjvwe`¨v I msMxZkv¯¿ Ab¨ †`‡ki
gymjgvb‡`i Kjv I msMxZkv¯¿ †_‡K A‡bK
wek` Hk¦h©hy³ I ¯^Zš¿Ñ †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb
cwÊZ †mbkv¯¿x|
GB gnv-fviZel©‡K wkï iex›`ªbv_
Wvj‡nŠwm cvnv‡o e‡m wcZ…‡`‡ei Kv‡Q
Dcwbl‡`i evYx ïb‡Z ïb‡Z eyS‡Z Avi¤¢
K‡ib| Dcwbl‡`i mš—vb iex›`ªbv_
Abyf‡eB †mw`b ey‡SwQ‡jb, fviZe‡l©i
cwiPq Zvi ag©vbyôv‡b bq, Zvi ALÊ gvbe
ˆPZ‡b¨, gvby‡l gvby‡l HKZv‡b|
iex›`ªwPš—vq Ôgvbe mZ¨Õ eo n‡q‡Q| eo
n‡q‡Q ˆPZb¨ Kexi jvj‡bi gvbecš’v| eo
09
n‡q‡Q GB cÖv_©bv, GB wb‡e`b, †n †gvi wPË
c~Y¨Zx‡_© Rv‡Mv‡i ax‡i| GB fviZZx_©,
Kwei mvabvi fviZel©| hZw`b †M‡Q Kwei
cwiYZZi GB wek¦iƒc cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Mv‡b,
KweZvq, bvU‡K, kvwš—wb‡KZ‡bi AmsL¨
cÖe‡Ü| Kwe hZ Mfx‡i †M‡Qb ZZ Avwe®‹vi
K‡i‡Qb Zuvi g‡bi g‡a¨ GKwU †PZbv `vbv
euva‡Q| †mUv †Kvb wbw`©ó Creed bq, wek¦vm
bq| eis ejv †h‡Z cv‡i G GK profound
awareness, a new insight| Kwe evi evi
ej‡Qb kv¯¿xq ag© Avwg MÖnY Ki‡Z cvwi
bv| Kwe ej‡Qb, Man is defeated when
the authority inside him is curbed
A_©vr curbed by the externals of religion, by tradition and custom, by
scripture and ritual| iex›`ª b v_ µgk
mKj cš’v †hLv‡b G‡m †g‡j †mLv‡b
`uvwo‡q Ôgvby‡li ag©Õ iPbv Ki‡Qb| Ôgvby‡li
ag©Õ eB wn‡m‡e cÖKvwkZ nq 1933
wLª÷v‡ã| GB e³„Zvgvjvi f~wgKvq Kwe
e‡j‡Qb; ¯^v_© Avgv‡`i †h-me cÖqv‡mi
w`‡K wb‡q hvq Zvi g~j †cÖiYv †`wL
RxecÖK…wZ‡Z; hv Avgv‡`i Z¨v‡Mi w`‡K
Zcm¨vi w`‡K wb‡q hvq Zv‡KB ewj gbyl¨Z¡,
gvby‡li ag©|
GB gvby‡li fviZel© iex›`ªbv‡_i
fviZel© wPš—vq, fviZPP©vq, fviZ‡cÖ‡g
cÖwZwbqZ cÖKvwkZ| †Kej eyw× w`‡q
meUv‡K aiv hvq bv| Kwe Zuvi ÔgvbemZ¨Õ
cÖe‡Ü GK RvqMvq e‡j‡Qb: †mw`b
A·‡dv‡W© hv e‡jwQ Zv wPš—v K‡i ejv|
Abyf~wZ †_‡K D×vi K‡i Ab¨ Z‡Ë¡i m‡½
wgwj‡q hyw³i Dc‡i Lvov K‡i ejv| Abyf~wZ
PvB| †Kej Z‡Ë¡ gË n‡j Pj‡e bv| ZvB
iex›`ªbv‡_i ag©‡ev‡a eªþ ev Ck¦i hZUv
mZ¨ gvbeRxeb Zvi †P‡q eo mZ¨|
iex›`ªbv‡_i fviZel© wPš—v GB Rxeb`k©b
†_‡K DrmvwiZ|
mgvR I ivóª wPš—vi ˆewkó¨ iex›`ªbv‡_i
aviYvq G iKg: ÔAvgv‡`i eªvþcwievi
AvaywbK wn›`y mgv‡Ri evn¨ AvPvi-wePvi
wµqv-K‡g©i bvbv Avewk¨K eÜb †_‡K wehy³
wQj| Avgvi wek¦vm †mB wKQy cwigvY `~iZ¡
ej‡ZB fviZe‡l©i me©Rbxb me©Kvjxb
Av`‡k©i cÖwZ Avgvi ¸i“Rb‡`i kª×v wQj
AZ¨š— cÖej| †mB Drmvn Avgvi gb‡K
we‡klfv‡e `xw¶Z K‡i‡Q| †mB fvewU GB
†h, Rxe‡bi hv wKQy gnËg `vb Zvi c~Y©
cÖKvk Avgv‡`i Aš—i cÖK…wZi ga¨ †_‡KB|
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Afve †bB, †jvfbxq c`v_© A‡bK Av‡Q, †m
mg¯—‡K Avgiv MÖnY Ki‡Z cvwi‡b hw` bv
Avgv‡`i cÖK…wZi g‡a¨ Zv‡`i AvZ¥mvr
Kwi|
ZvB mgq _vK‡Z hv Kwiwb Zvi R‡b¨
Av‡¶c Ki‡Z nq| Avi †mB cwigv‡Y †`k
¶‡q ¶‡q Av‡m| gvbyl ¶Z-we¶Z n‡Z
_v‡K| ag©wek¦v‡m GK cÖKvi ag©‡gvn Av‡Q|
ag©‡gvn †_‡K gyw³ PvB|Õ iex›`ªbv‡_i
10
fviZel© wPš—vq gvbyl †kl ch©š— ag©‡ev‡a
mg„× n‡e| †mB gvbylB ej‡e: †h gvbe
Avwg †mB gvbe Zzwg Kb¨v| ZvB
iex›`ªbv‡_i fviZe‡l© mK‡ji msMwZ
Av‡Q| ag© bq, eY© bq, †kªYx bq, †KejB
†mB Ck¦i-gvbyl hv‡K wZwb fviZe‡l©i
BwZnv‡mi avivq cÖwZwôZ †`L‡Z †P‡q‡Qb|
Ôgvby‡li ag©Õ cÖe‡Ü iex›`ªbv_ e‡j‡Qb:
ÔGKw`b eªvþY ivgvb›` Zuvi wkl¨‡`i KvQ
†_‡K P‡j G‡m Avwj½b Ki‡jb bvfv
PÊvj‡K, gymjgvb †Rvjv Kexi‡K, iwe`vm
Pvgvi‡K| †mw`bKvi mgvR Zuv‡K RvwZPz¨Z
Ki‡j| wKš‘, wZwb GKjvB †mw`b mK‡ji
†P‡q e‡ov RvwZ‡Z D‡VwQ‡jb| wa°v‡ii
gvSLv‡b GKv `uvwo‡q ivgvb›`B e‡jwQ‡jb
†mvnng: †mB m‡Z¨i kw³‡ZB N„Yv‡K hv
wbôzi n‡q gvby‡l gvby‡l †f` NwU‡q
mgvRw¯’wZi bv‡g mgvRa‡g©i g~‡j AvNvZ
K‡i|Õ
ey‡×i fviZel©‡K iex›`ªbv_ †cÖ‡g
kª×vq cÖxwZ‡Z MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| KviY ey×
e‡j‡Qb, mg¯— RM‡Zi cÖwZ evavk~b¨ wnsmvk~b¨ kΓZvk~b¨ gvb‡m AcwigvY ˆgÎx
†cvlY Ki‡e| mgMÖ gvbeRvwZi D‡Ï‡k
ey‡×i †kl evYx: †Zvgiv cÖ‡Z¨‡K GK GKUv
cÖ`xc n‡q R¡‡j I‡Vv| `uvov‡Z em‡Z Pj‡Z
ï‡Z, hver wbw`ªZ bv n‡e, GB ˆgÎx¯§„wZ‡Z
AwawôZ _vK‡eÑ G‡KB wZwb ej‡jb
eªþwenvi| Avgiv Kwei fvlvq ej‡ZB cvwi
wek¦mv‡_ †hv‡M †h_vq wenv‡iv|
†Kvb& c‡_ †M‡j †`‡ki h_v_© DbœwZ
m¤¢e, †Kvb c‡_ fviZe‡l©i BwZnvm I
HwZ‡n¨i c~Y© gh©v`v iw¶Z n‡e? iex›`ªbv_
Zvi DËi w`‡”Qb: Ô†h fviZel© gvb‡ei
mg¯— gnr kw³cy‡Äi Øviv ax‡i ax‡i
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mg¯— AvNvZ-Acgvb mg¯— †e`bv hvnv‡K
GB cig cÖKv‡ki Awfgy‡L AMÖmi
Kwi‡Z‡Q, †mB gnvfviZe‡l©i †mev
Avgv‡`i g‡a¨ mÁv‡b m‡PZbfv‡e †K
Avwb‡eb, †K GKvš— AwePwjZ fw³i mwnZ
mg¯— †¶vf-A‰ah©-AnsKvi‡K GB gnvmvabvq wejxb Kwiqv w`qv fviZweavZvi
c`Z‡j wb‡Ri wbg©j Rxeb‡K c~Rvi
A‡N©¨i b¨vq wb‡e`b Kwiqv w`‡eb| fvi‡Zi
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b‡nb, Zuvnviv Kg©wb‡`©kk~b¨ ¯úa©vev‡K¨i
Øviv †`‡ki †jv‡Ki ü`qv‡eM‡K DˇivËi
msµvgK evqy‡e‡M cwiYZ Kwi‡Z‡Qb bv;
wbðqB Rvwb‡eb, Zvnv‡`i g‡a¨ eyw× ü`q
Ges Kg©wbôvi AwZ Amvgvb¨ mgv‡ek
NwUqv‡Q, Zuvnv‡`i g‡a¨ Áv‡bi myMfxi
kvwš— I ˆah© Ges B”Qkw³i AcivwRZ †eM
I Aa¨emvq GB Df‡qi mygnr mvgÄm¨
Av‡Q|Õ
iex›`ªbv_ fwel¨‡Zi fviZe‡l©i wPš—vq
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†`‡ki cyÄxf~Z †e`bvi cÖwZ Avgv‡`i `„wó
AvKl©Y K‡i e‡j‡Qb, Avkvf‡½i †e`bvq
`ytL †c‡Z cvwi Avgiv| Zey Kx gvby‡li c‡i
wek¦vm nviv‡Z cvwi| mvgÄm¨ weavbKZ©v
fwel¨‡Z Avgv‡`i c_ †`Lv‡eb wbðqB|
†mB Kvjcyi“‡li cÖZx¶vq Avgiv _vKe Ges
Zuvi Avwef©v‡ei c_ myMg K‡i †Zvjvi KvR
Avgv‡`i Ki‡Z n‡e| gnvfviZe‡l©i
gnvRvMwZK mËv‡K bg¯‹vi K‡i wb‡e`b
Kie: Avgiv fviZe‡l©i R‡b¨, Avgiv
cÖ‡Z¨‡K †`‡ki R‡b¨ wb‡ew`ZcÖvY|
gnvfvi‡Zi cÖv‡Y Jcwblw`K J`vh©
wPiRvMÖZ _vKzK; †`kevmx Kwei fviZel©
wPš—v‡K mv_©K K‡i Zzjyb| Avgiv mevB †mB
Kg©h‡Ái kwiK †hb n‡Z cvwi, †hb ej‡Z
cvwi RM‡Z Avb›` h‡Á Avgv‡`i mK‡ji
wbgš¿Y|
iex›`ªbv‡_i fviZe‡l© gvbyl ag©, eY©,
RvwZ webvk K‡i †R¨vwZg©q n‡q DV‡Z
†c‡i‡Q| wZwb †mB gvby‡li a‡g©i RqMvb
K‡i‡Qb| evi evi wd‡i G‡m‡Qb gvbyl
evD‡ji Kv‡Q|
evDj g`b wQ‡jb gymjgvb| kv¯¿cš’xiv
Zuvi RxebPh©v ei`v¯— Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb|
g`bI Zuvi Rxeb e`jv‡Z cv‡ibwb|
iex›`ªbv_ GB gvbyl‡K fvj‡e‡m‡Qb| ïbyb
GB gvby‡li cÖv_©bv:
hw` KiQ gvbv I‡Mv eÜz gvwb Ggb mva¨
bvB|
Avgvi bvgvR Avgvi c~Rv Mv‡b Mv‡b Pj‡Q
ZvB|
†Kv‡bv dz‡ji bvgvR iOevnv‡i
KviI M‡Ü bvgvR AÜKv‡i
Avgvi exYvq bvgvR Zv‡i Zv‡i
Avgvi bvgvR K‡É MvB|
GB evDjB MvB‡Z cv‡ib Avb›`aviv
ewn‡Q fye‡b| fviZe‡l©i cÖwZwU gvbyl GB
Avb›`gq fye‡b cÖwZ gyn~‡Z© beRvZK n‡q
DVyK, GB iex›`ªbv‡_i fviZe‡l©i w¯’i
msKí|
iex›`ªbv‡_i P~ovš— w_wmm GB †h, †kl
ch©š— gvbe HK¨ n‡e Ava¨vwZ¥K Ges
i¨vkbvj| gvbeRvwZi GK myMfxi
Ava¨vwZ¥K Rxeb Av‡Q| Zvi cwic~Y©Zvi
g‡a¨B fviZel© m¤ú~Y© n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i,
Ab¨ wKQy‡Z bq| ZvB Kwe c~e©‡`‡ki
mf¨Zv‡K wKsev cwð‡gi mf¨Zv‡K
GKKfv‡e †Kvb †kªôZ¡ w`‡Z m¤§Z nbwb|
wZwb e‡j‡Qb, GB `yB mf¨Zvi gnvmw¤§j‡b
GK D”P gvbweK mf¨Zv GB c„w_ex‡K kvwš—
I ˆgÎxi c‡_ wb‡q hv‡e| Ab¨ †KvbI c‡_
bq|
†nv‡mbyi ingvb
cwðge‡½i ZvwË¡K, cÖvewÜK
†QvUMí
GKRb Ak¦v‡ivnx
myeªZ gÊj
Pviw`‡K AvR we‡K‡ji †auvqv‡U AveQvqv|
wKiYk¼i eviv›`vq e‡m| BwR‡Pqv‡i e‡m
wPš—vi Rvj eyb‡Z eo fvj jv‡M Iui|
welYœZvi wKQy Qwe Auv‡Kb wZwb| wKQy A¼
K‡lb A‡bKUv †Mg w_Iwii gZ| A‡bK
mgq gy`ªv wb‡q Um K‡ib| ¯¿x‡K AvOyj ai‡Z
e‡jb AeyS wkïi gZ ev cvKv Ryqvwoi gZ|
eviv›`vq eB‡qi i¨vK| bvbv wel‡q eB|
n¨viì iweÝ †_‡K iex›`ªbv_| evUª©vÛ iv‡mj
†_‡K fvwR©wbqv Djd| †`Iqv‡j
we‡eKvb‡›`i Qwe|
Dwb GLb gMœ| M‡elYvq| KzBb Id
evwm©‡jvbv| Ii gv GKevi †`Š‡oi mgq
cÖK…wZi Wv‡K mvov w`‡qwQj| c¨vwi‡m
†K‡j¼vwii GK‡kl| cï wPwKrm‡Ki PvKwi
wb‡q UvbvUvwb| MUAvc-Gi Awf‡hvMI
D‡VwQj| gv‡qi wKQy cvc †g‡q‡ZI eZ©vq|
Dwb Iui mg¯— cÖvÁZv Avi †Mg w_Iwii mg¯—
A¯¿ cÖ‡qvM K‡iI wm×v‡š— Avm‡Z cv‡ib bv|
AvMvgx †`Šo, KzB‡bi †g‡q wgm †f‡ivwbKv|
wZwb K¬v‡ei cï wPwKrmK‡K wek¦vm
K‡ib| Wv³vi bviwjKvi Av‡M e¨v½v‡jvi
†im K¬v‡e mybv‡gi m‡½ PvKwi K‡i‡Qb|
GLb cÖkœ n‡”Q, cÖvZiv‡k Kx †`Iqv n‡e,
†Qvjv ¸o bv Ab¨ wKQy? †Kvb †Kv¤úvwbi
wfUvwgb? Rvb‡Z cvi‡j fvj nZ| †`Š‡oi
Av‡M hw` ivg †`Iqv nq, KZUv †`Iqv n‡e?
†cÖv‡dmi b¨vm Zvi wcÖq e¨w³Z¡| AMZ¨v
wZwb †Mg w_Iwii eBUv †ei K‡ib| cÖvq
GKNÈv a‡i A¼ K‡lb| me wm×vš— ¸wj‡q
hvq| Zvici Um| cuvPev‡ii g‡a¨ wZbevi
wR‡Z hvb| Kvj wZwb Pig wm×vš— †b‡eb|
†jK Kvjxevwo‡Z gv‡qi a¨vb Ki‡eb| åƒ
g‡a¨| wZwb ü`‡qi K_v ïb‡eb|
wPš—vi PU wQu‡o hvq| †Uwj‡dvb evR‡Q|
Pg‡K D‡V wiwmfvi Zz‡j †bb|
n¨v‡jv, wKiYk¼i wnqvi|
Rv¤^y ejwQ, Kvj‡Ki wKQy Lei Av‡Q?
Avwg †R¨vwZwl bB|
wZwb †Uwj‡dvb m‡Rv‡i †i‡L †`b|
wg‡mm Rv¤^ykªxIqvjvi †dvb| cyi‡bv evÜex|
Ak¦vbyivwMYx|
wZwb GB weP¸‡jv‡K N„Yv K‡ib| wKQyUv
Am~qv‡ZI †fv‡Mb| wZwb Rv‡bb Rv¤^yi
Ak¦‡gav Zvi †_‡KI cÖLi| Rv¤^y †hŠe‡bi
Zx¶èZv w`‡q A‡bK Lei msMÖn K‡i| RwK,
†fU Wv³vi, †Nvovi gvwjK A‡b‡KB Zvi
¸YMÖvnx| †mI K…cv weZi‡Y wØav †eva K‡i
bv| †hŠb AvKl©‡Y wKiYk¼i A‡bK mgq
†eduvm K_v e‡j †d‡jb| A‡bK wUcm †`b|
c‡i GKv‡š— hLb weqv‡i PzgyK †`b, AvOyj
Kvgovb| GB †`v`yj¨gvb gvbwmKZv Zvi
A‡bK ¶wZ K‡i‡Q| Zey mvgjv‡Z cv‡ib
bv|
Iui Ak¦vbyiv‡M evav c‡o| ¯¿x ZcZx|
†kvqvi N‡ii w`‡K †h‡Z †h‡Z †_‡g hvq|
wKiYk¼i Avo †Pv‡L ZvKvb| †i‡mi eBUv
jyK‡bvi e¨_© †Póv K‡ib|
ZcZx VvÊv Mjvq e‡j, †Q‡j evwo
Av‡Q|
†Kb K‡jR †bB|
†Nvovi M‡elYvUv Awd‡m Ki‡jB cvi|
wZwb hv fy‡j †h‡Z Pvb Zv Avevi gv_v
Zz‡j DuwK gv‡i| wZwb fy‡j †h‡Z Pvb
AZx‡Zi ga¨weË BwZnvm| cvKv †duvov cvc
†eva UbUb K‡i| wZwb †Q‡ji m‡½ jy‡KvPzwi
†L‡jb| Zvui Ak¦-BwZnvm|
fMev‡bi A™¢yZ weav‡b Zv‡K Awd‡m
†h‡Z nq †Nvovi gv‡Vi cvk w`‡q|
Avjxcy‡ii d¬¨vU †_‡K ag©Zjvq| wKiYk¼i
Rvbjv w`‡q ZvKvb| evB‡ii AvKvk|
UvB‡qi bU AvjMv, gv_v †cQb w`‡K
†njv‡bv| †PvL eÜ| †PŠ‡Kv †d«‡g ZLb
bvU‡Ki cÖ_g ce©| QywUi mgq| wZwb ZLb
wefvMxq eo evey| †÷‡bv UvBc †gwm‡b So
Zz‡j‡Q| †eqviv ejj,
mve eyjvqv|
wKiYk¼i †jRvi †_‡K gyL †Zv‡jb|
m¨vwbqvj mve eyjvqv|
Kwi‡Wv‡ii mvg‡b ci ci Kv‡Vi
cvwU©kb Kiv Ni| mv‡ne‡`i Avg‡j ˆZwi|
A¨vKvD›U‡mi me eo KZ©viv e‡mb| wØZxq
†P¤^v‡i †jLv wPd A¨vKvD‡›U›U| wKiYk¼i
`iRv Ly‡j gyL evovb|
wKiYk¼i `iRv Ly‡j A‡a©KUv †Xv‡Kb|
e‡jb, †g AvB Kvg Bb m¨vi|
Av‡i G‡mv G‡mv, m¨vwbqvj mv‡n‡ei
mv`i msea©bv|
†W‡KwQ‡jb m¨vi? wKiYk¼‡ii Mjvq
wØav|
†ev‡mv, †ev‡mv, Zzwg QywUi ci wd« †Zv?
gv‡b?
gv‡b dv‡b Avevi Kx? †Zvgv‡K GK
RvqMvq wb‡q hve|
mvi?
Nvewo‡qv bv, †Uªwbs †`e| †Uªwbs †`e|
GKRb Kbmvj‡U›U K‡i Qvoe|
Kjmvj‡U›U?
nuv Kbmvj‡U›U| GKUv AvOyj ai †Zv!
11
ai aiÑ `yÕ‡Uv AvOyj evwo‡q †`b|
wKiYk¼i ga¨gvwU a‡ib|
KzBb Ad e¨vwejb| evev A‡÷ªwjqvb
÷vwjqb| gv g¨vwRK W¨vÝvi, †Uªbvi
my›`ijvj, eb© A¨vU nwiqvbv ÷vW dvg©|
wKiYk¼i e¨_© †Póv K‡ib, m¨vi|
Kx †n GK`g w¯úKwU bU| Pj AvR
†Zvgvi mZ¨ bvk Kwi| †Pqvi †Q‡o I‡Vb|
wKiYk¼‡ii nvZUv a‡i wno wno K‡i Uvb‡Z
Uvb‡Z wb‡q P‡jb| Awd‡mi `yÕPviRb ZLb
AevK †Pv‡L ZvwK‡q| `iRvq wmwKDwiwUi
j¤^v Kzwb©k| Mvwo‡Z `iRvi mvg‡b †mvdvi|
wRÁvmy †PvL| m¨vwbqvj wngkxZj f½x‡Z
e‡jb, †i‡mi gvV|
wKiYk¼i ûgwo †L‡q c‡ob, m¨vi
Avgvq †Q‡o w`b|
†Kb?
m¨vi, Avwg evev‡K Qzu‡q cÖwZÁv
K‡iwQjvg, †KvbI w`b Iw`K cv‡b hve bv,
g` Lve bv, AviÑ
Avi?
Avi m¨vi †g‡q‡Q‡j|
GK`g Pzc, GLbB Mvwo †_‡K †d‡j
†`e| Zzwg g‡i hv‡e| g‡b †iL,
A¨vKwm‡W‡›U gi‡Z Lye Kó jv‡M|
wKiYk¼i Amnvqfv‡e Gw`K Iw`K
ZvKvb| µwms-G Mvwo _v‡g| bvgevi †Póv
Ki‡ZB m¨vwbqvj mv‡ne nvZUv †P‡c a‡ib|
Amnvq wKiYk¼i Rvbjvi evB‡i †PvL
iv‡Lb| GKRb †jvK mvB‡K‡j gyiwM Sywj‡q
wb‡q hv‡”Q| †cQ‡b Avm‡Q Kv‡Ri gwnjv|
nvZ a‡i GKRb ev”Pv‡Q‡j| Mvwo _v‡g
GK`g K¬v‡ei †M‡Ui mvg‡b| †XvKvi gy‡L
K‡qKRb my‡ek cyi“l I gwnjv| ï‡f”Qv
wewbgq nq| K¬ve Gb‡K¬vRv‡i ZLb †ek
wfo| KjKvZvi A‡a©K my›`ix gvV Av‡jv
K‡i e‡m Av‡Q| †Pv‡L †iv`-Pkgv| nv‡Z
evB‡bvKzjvi| †Vuv‡U wmMv‡iU| K‡qKR‡bi
nv‡Z fvMeZ MxZv| †i‡mi eB|
n¨vq m¨vwbqvj|
n¨vq Rv¤^y| wgU AvIqvi wbD †d«Û
wKiY|
n¨vq wKiY|
eo fvj jvMj Avcbvi m‡½ Avjvc
K‡i|
bwU eq|
m¨vwbqvj ej‡jb, wKiY Zzwg e‡mv|
evwRUv a‡i Avwm, KzBb Ad e¨vwejb eyS‡j|
wKiYk¼i †gvngy»| msKzwPZ| Rv¤^yi
Dc‡P cov †hŠe‡bi abvZ¥K we`y¨r
Zi½‡¶‡Îi Av‡ek †PŠ¤^KvNv‡Z wZwb
Awff~Z| Rv¤^yI Kv‡jv Pkgvi wZh©K‡KvY
w`‡q j¶ K‡ib bexb we`¨v_x©‡K|
GB †NvUKwU‡K wPb‡jb Kx K‡i?
Avgvi em|
GB cÖ_g?
nuv|
12
KbMÖvPz‡jkb|
†`Šo Avi¤¢ nq| wKiYk¼i D‡V `uvovb|
Rv¤^yI `uvwo‡q| D‡ËRbvq ev nvZ w`‡q
wKiYk¼‡ii Wvb nvZUv AuvK‡o a‡ib|
Zvjy‡Z eÜz‡Z¡i Pvc| Dò Avi big|
Rv¤^y e‡jÑ Avcbvi em wR‡Z‡Q|
KZ?
nvZ ¸Ye?
Avcwb?
†n‡iwQ|
KZ, `yB?
Avðh© Kx K‡i eyS‡jb?
nvZ ¸Y‡Z cvwi|
m¨vwbqvj mv‡ne QyU‡Z QyU‡Z Av‡mb|
wKiYk¼i‡K ey‡K Rwo‡q a‡ib| gy‡L
weRqxi nvwm| ej‡jb, Zzwg Lye jvwK|
eyS‡j Lye jvwK| wKiYk¼i åƒ KzuP‡KvbÑ
wR‡Z‡Qb, KZ?
Pvi nvRvi?
wKiYk¼i Avi Rv¤^yi `„wó wewbgq nq|
Rv¤^y gwjb gy‡L e‡m c‡ob| GKg‡b MxZvq
`vM †`b|
m¨vwbqvj e‡jb, e‡mv Avi GKUv
jvwM‡q Avwm, wmjfvi eªvBW eyS‡j|
wKiYk¼iÑ KZ †Lj‡eb m¨vi?
ay‡Ëvwi †Zvgvi m¨vi, m¨vi| GLv‡b
wb‡f©Rvj MYZš¿ eyS‡j| Avgiv mevB
Ak¦‡g‡ai Ak¦|
Rv¤^y †cbwm‡j `vM KvU‡Z KvU‡Z e‡jb,
Avgvi myBU wc GK †L‡j w`I|
wKiYk¼i, Avgvi n‡q †h †KvbI GKUv
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w`‡K ZvwK‡q gyPwK nv‡mb|
Rv¤^y e‡jb, gvbylUv fvj, Z‡e wQU
Av‡Q| ïay evÜex Lyu‡R †eovq|
M¨vjvwi‡Z Pvcv D‡ËRbv| †`Šo ïi“
n‡q‡Q| Rv¤^y `uvwo‡q, †hb M−vwW‡qUvi‡`i
jovB| mg¯— †ivgvb `uvwo‡q c‡o‡Q|
wKiYk¼i GKUv wmMv‡iU aiv‡jb| D‡ëv|
ay‡Ëvwi e‡j gvwU‡Z †d‡j w`‡jb| cv‡qi
Ry‡Zv w`‡q †clY Ki‡jb †Kv‡bœv gvivi gZ|
†`Šo †kl|
wKiYk¼iÑ Kx nj?
†evSv hv‡”Q bv|
Avcbvi D‡ËRbv n‡”Q bv?
A¨vq A¨vg †Kvì|
m¨vwbqvj QyU‡Z QyU‡Z Av‡mb| nvm‡Z
nvm‡Z wKiYk¼‡ii nvZ †P‡c a‡ib|
g¯—vb †n| GKev‡i g¯—vb| A‡bK UvKv
wR‡ZQ|
KZ?
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GKUv n¨vwi cUvi wK‡bv|
Rv¤^yÑ KbMÖvPz‡jkb|
m¨wi|
†nvqvU di?
Mvwo Awd‡m _v‡g| †kvdvi g„`y K‡É
e‡j, m¨vi|
Z›`ªv fv‡O| gb b÷vjwRqvq Avµvš—|
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cÖZxK| Abyf~wZi cÖZxK| †cÖŠp eq‡m BnRvMwZK AvKl©Y A‡bK †e‡o †M‡Q| g‡bi
m~²vwZm~² B_vi Zi½¸wj GLb wbZ¨ bZzb
ˆewPΨ †Luv‡R| cÖgË bvP| ¯^íeqmx mw½bx|
Zvi ga¨weË †R‡bwUK evZ©v Ab¨ †KvbI Lei
enb K‡i Av‡b bv|
`yB.
mܨv‡ejv ZcZx e‡m GKg‡b Rvgvi †evZvg
emvq| ¯^vgxi| †Q‡j N‡i Xy‡K wi‡gvUUv
†U‡c| gv‡qi cv‡k Pzc K‡i e‡m c‡o|
GKUvi ci GKUv P¨v‡bj cwieZ©b K‡i|
Aw¯’i| QUd‡U| ZcZx euvKv †Pv‡L j¶¨
K‡i| e‡j, wKQy ejwe|
Zzwg evev‡K eviY Ki‡Z cvi bv?
BZ¯—Z ¯^i| e‡j, †mw`b mš‘i evev mevi
mvg‡b ejj, †Zvi evev‡K †i‡mi gv‡V
†`Ljvg|
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Avgvi GZ j¾v K‡i|
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Zv‡Z Kx?
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GKm‡½ †Lj‡Z hvq|
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†evSvq|
ZcZx ivMZ ¯^‡i e‡j, Pzc Ki|
†Kb Pzc Kie? Avwg wKQy eyS‡Z cvwi bv
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w`‡qwQ‡j| †mUv Kx nj ej‡Z cvi?
ZcZxi †Pv‡L Rj Av‡m| AevK †Pv‡L
†Q‡ji w`‡K ZvKvq| ˆK‡kv‡ii eªY-weow¤^Z
gyL| eyw×i Qvc| GLbI mvi‡j¨i †Quvqv
†j‡M Av‡Q|
Awd‡m wKiYk¼‡ii †P¤^vi †ek
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wbR ¸‡Y Zvi GB DËiY| †ckv`vix wWwMÖ bv
_vKv m‡Ë¡I| m¨vwb‡qj mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q wZwb
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wKiYk¼i †dvb Zz‡j †bb, Rv¤^yi †dvb|
n¨v‡jv, Rv¤^y ejwQ|
ejwQ|
Avwg Kx Kie e‡j `vI| Rv¤^yi K‡É
Kuv‡`v myi|
Zzwg †n‡iQ Avwg Kx Kie|
†Zvgvi wUcm|
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gvD_wc‡m nvZ w`‡q wKiYk¼i e‡jb, Rv¤^y,
Zvici nvZ mwi‡q e‡jb, ivLwQ e¨¯— AvwQ|
†dvb †i‡L †`b| gvwjK e‡jb, GUv Kx nj?
†Zvgvi Ici Avgv‡`i GZ fimv?
bv Ki‡jB cvi|
AvR Zzwg G K_v ejQ?
†Kb eje bv? Avwg †Zvgv‡K †KvbI
M¨vivw›U w`Bwb| ZzwgB wUcm †P‡q‡Q?
G‡Zv Zzwg bZzb K_v ejQ| wPiKvj
Avgiv †Zvgvi ¸YMÖvnx| †Zvgv‡K wb‡q
Avgv‡`i KZ Me©| mevB Rv‡b wKi‡Yi wUcm
gv‡bB wK‡ivi evYx| Zvici GKUz †_‡g
e‡jb, †Zvgvi Kv‡Q wK Ab¨ †KvbI Lei
wQj?
Zvi gv‡b?
gv‡b Lye †mvRv| Ab¨Uv †Zvgvi Rb¨|
AvB †m ÷c| wKiYk¼i m‡Rv‡i
†Uwe‡j wKj gv‡ib|
Av‡¯— Av‡¯—, GZ D‡ËRbv fvj bq|
evRv‡i †Zvgvi Lye e`gvb n‡q †M‡Q|
wKiYk¼i k~b¨ `„wó‡Z gvwj‡Ki w`‡K
ZvKvb| †Pqvi †Q‡o gvwjK‡K `yÕnv‡Z
Rwo‡q a‡ib| wek¦vm K‡iv fvB, Avwg wKQyB
Rvwb bv, wKQyB Rvwb bv|
Avnv cvewjK ej‡Q|
†Zvgv‡K GKUv K_v ejwQ fvB, KÕw`b
a‡i cÖvYUv nuvmduvm Ki‡Q|
Kx K_v?
wc−R, KvD‡K †ev‡jv bv, Avwg †du‡m
†MwQ|
†m Kx, GB eq‡m †du‡m †M‡j?
`~i †m duvmv bq, A‡bK¸‡jv UvKv M‡j
†M‡Q|
Zvi Avi fvebv Kx? e¨v¼ †_‡K Zz‡j
bvI|
e¨v‡¼ †Zv GKB `„k¨|
UvKv Ki‡j Kx?
†Zvgvi eDw` Avgv‡K jywK‡q wKQy UvKv
Rwg‡qwQj| d¬¨v‡U evqbvi Rb¨| Avgv‡K
nvRvi cÂvk w`‡qwQj|
†mUv wK AvûwZ w`‡qQ?
Avi j¾v w`‡qv bv, †mvgevi evqbv
†`evi K_v|
Zvn‡j?
gvmLv‡b‡Ki Rb¨ UvKvUv avi `vI bv?
†Zvgv‡K, †Zvgv‡K fMev‡bi w`we¨ ejwQ...|
fMevb‡K †Kb e¨¯— KiQ fvB| ZvQvov
G eÜzZ¡ Ag~j¨ m¤ú`, G‡K bó KiQ †Kb?
Zzwg †`‡e bv?
Avgv‡K GLbI cvMjv KzKz‡i Kvgovqwb
†h †Zvgvi Ici evwR aie|
gvwjK `xN©w`‡bi eÜz| my‡L `y‡L A‡k¦
ZviB gZ gB †e‡q g¨v‡bRvi| ga¨weË
BwZnvm| wkixl KvM‡R A‡bK NlvgvRv K‡i
cv‡ci `vM Zzj‡Qb| Awd‡mi KvD‡K
†KvbI w`b evwo wb‡q hvbwb| †g‡qi we‡q‡Z
`yÕ‡Uv cvwU© w`‡q‡Qb| GKUv wb‡Ri evwo
†mv`cy‡i| Avi GKUv KjKvZvi c¨vwim
n‡j| Awdm KwjM‡`i Rb¨| †gvUvgywU
†RZvi cÂvk fvM UvKv wZwb e¨vs‡K
AvgvbZ K‡i‡Qb| Avi nvi‡j K…”Q« mvab
K‡ib| Ak¦Lv‡Z weRqxi Avm‡b GLbI
Av‡Qb| Pig `yw`©‡bI wZwb eD‡qi Mnbvi
w`‡K nvZ evovbwb| wc Gd-G nvZ †`bwb|
wKiY‡K wZwb wb‡Ri †jvK g‡b K‡ib|
cÖRvwZMZfv‡e Avevi †`Š‡oi mn‡hv×v
wnmv‡eI| wZwb wKi‡Yi g½j Pvb| Aek¨B
kix‡i AuvP bv wb‡q| wZwb †Pqvi †Q‡o D‡V
c‡ob| Zvi PIov nvZwU wKi‡Yi Kuv‡a
iv‡Lb| e‡jb, Zzwg eis Igi Avjxi †Wivq
hvI|
wKiYk¼i åƒ †KvPKvb|
gvwjK e‡jb, Ii wUcm Avwg GKevi
†c‡qwQjvg| Av‡Mi w`‡bi bvgKiv RwK
d«vwÝm‡K I c−vb‡P‡U bvgvq|
wZb.
wKiYk¼i N‡i e‡mb| iv‡Zi †ejv| g„`y
Av‡jv| Zvi gb wew¶ß| gvwj‡Ki K_v Zvi
fvj jv‡Mwb| eûw`‡bi eÜz| wZwb wKQy FY
Avkv K‡iwQ‡jb| hw`I Rv‡bb A‡hŠw³K|
Zey LoKz‡Uvi gZ AuvK‡o a‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb
GK mgq gvwjK‡K Avw_©K mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Qb|
†Q‡ji AvBwU covi mgq| Aek¨ gvwjK f`ª
†jv‡Ki gZ h_vmg‡q †diZI w`‡qwQj|
wZwb Avkv K‡iwQ‡jb| gvwjK †m K_v
¯§iY ivL‡e| wZwb GKUv `yÕUvKvi gy`ªv wb‡q
Um K‡ib| `yÕevi| wZwb Igi Avjxi Kv‡Q
hv‡eb| Avi AvMvgx kwbevi Zvi Rxe‡bi
†kl †Ljv| evqbvi UvKv D×vi Kiv
cÖ‡qvRb| ZcZx †hb AùzU ¯^‡i wKQy e‡j|
ivZ n‡q‡Q, †kv‡e Pj|
nuv, Pj|
evqbvi UvKv w`‡qQ?
kwbevi †`e|
gv‡V?
GK`g ev‡R K_v †ev‡jv bv|
Avwg ejwQ, †Q‡j‡K wRÁvmv K‡iv, Zvi
Kx Ae¯’v| ZcZx m‡Rv‡i †kvevi N‡ii
`iRv eÜ K‡i †`q|
Pvi.
we‡Kj‡ejvq Av‡jv wd‡K n‡q Avm‡Q|
wLw`icy‡ii fvOv weª‡Ri Ici cwð‡gi coš—
Av‡jv| wKiYk¼i nuvU‡Qb| Ab¨gb¯‹fv‡e|
D‡Ø‡Mi Kv‡jvQvqv Zvi gy‡L| mvg‡b d¨vwÝ
gv‡K©U| GKUz BZ¯—Z K‡ib| GwM‡q hvb
GKUv wmMv‡i‡Ui †`vKv‡bi mvg‡b| wRÁvmv
K‡ib, fvB Igi Avjxi †`vKvbUv †Kv_vq?
Kx `iKvi? †`vKvb`v‡ii GK †PvL eÜ|
ï‡bwQ Dwb †Nvovi wUcm †`b|
euv w`K w`‡q evRv‡i Xy‡K hvb| Wiv‡eb
bv, wZb b¤^i Wvjv|
GK b¤^i, `y b¤^i, wZb b¤^iÑ wKiYk¼i
BZ¯—Z K‡ib| †`vKv‡b mvRv‡bv Av‡Q bvbv
wRwbmÑ K¨v‡giv, wW wf wW, IqvwK UwK,
f¨vU wm·wU bvBb|
GKRb my`k©b f`ª‡jvK| ga¨ eqmx|
Mv‡q wdb wd‡b j‡¶èŠ wPK‡bi cvÄvwe|
†mvbvwj i‡Oi evnvwi Pkgv| GK gv_v
KuvPvcvKv Pzj| gy‡L wgwó nvwm| f`ª‡jvK
mvn‡m¨ AvnŸvb Rvbv‡jb, Avmyb Kx PvB?
K¨v‡giv, †iW †j‡ej|
Avwg wg÷vi Igi Avjx m‡½ †`Lv Ki‡Z
PvB|
AvwgB Aag Igi Avjx, ejyb|
ï‡bwQ Avcwb †Nvovi wUcm †`b|
Avcbvi cwiPq?
Avwg wKiYk¼i †mb| †Rgm wU
†Kv¤úvwb‡Z KvR Kwi|
Avcbvi bvg ï‡bwQ|
Avgvi bvg? Kx K‡i?
†Nvovi Lei nvIqvq I‡o| ï‡bwQ Avgvi
g‡°j‡`i Kv‡Q|
wek¦vm Ki“b, Lye wec‡` c‡o Avcbvi
Kv‡Q G‡mwQ| gvb B¾Z Avi †bB| GKUv
wKQy e¨e¯’v Ki“b|
wdR G‡b‡Qb?
KZ?
AwW©bvwi cuvP‡kv, †¯úkvj nvRvi Avi
wkIi kU †`o|
Avgvi wmIi kU, GKUz †`L‡eb m¨vi|
Avwg †`Lvi †K? hv Kivi d«vwÝm Ki‡e|
wKiYk¼i e¨vM †_‡K wZb‡U cuvP‡kv
UvKvi †bvU †ei K‡i †`b|
Igi Avjx wPrKvi K‡ib, G jvÆz evey‡Kv
gw›`i‡g †j hv| nvIqv †_‡K GK eQi
ev‡iv-†Zv‡ivi ev”Pvi D`q nq| jvÆzi
†Vuv‡Ui iO †Nvi Kv‡jv| Pz‡ji iO jvj| jvÆz
G‡m nvZ a‡i| Mwj, Zm¨ Mwj| †MvjK auvav
†ci‡Z nq| mvg‡b fvOv gw›`i| jv‡Mvqv
Ak_ MvQ evmv †eu‡a‡Q gw›`‡ii gv_vq|
D‡Vv‡bi Pviw`‡K dvUj| mvc †Lvc, we‡Q
_vKvI wewPÎ bq| K‡qKRb †jvK e‡m
Av‡Q| †hgb e‡m _v‡K †gwW‡K‡ji e−vW
e¨v‡¼| i³ wewµi Avkvq| m‡`¨vRvZ Puv`
ZLb Mv‡Qi Wv‡j Avkªq †bevi K_v fve‡Q|
Av‡jv-AÜKv‡i †hb Avwa‡fŠwZK msmvi|
gw›`‡ii `w¶‡Y gRv GKUv cyKzi|
cyKz‡i GKUv wXj coj| wKiYk¼i
Pg‡K I‡Vb|
Kx fq cv‡”Qb? wZwb wd‡i †`‡Lb Igi
Avjx KLb G‡m e‡m‡Q|
bv bv|
Nveov‡eb bv| d«vwÝm GLbB Avm‡e|
Avjx mv‡ne GwM‡q GKRb †jvK‡K Kx †hb
wb‡`©k †`b|
wKiYk¼i Gw`K Iw`K j¶ K‡ib|
cv‡ki gvbylwU Qv‡cvlv g‡b nq| wZwb
†`vbv‡gvbv K‡i wRÁvmv K‡ibÑ Kx `v`v
13
bZzb? f`ª‡jvK Zv‡K Avc`g¯—K †g‡c
†bb|
e‡jb, bv cyi‡bv|
wKiYk¼i BZ¯—Z K‡i e‡jb, wek¦vm
Av‡Q?
bv n‡j Avwm?
bv ejwQ, jvM‡e †Zv?
Av”Qv DReyK †Zv gkvB Avcwb? jvMvi
Rb¨B †Zv Muv‡Ui cqmv LiP K‡i Avmv|
PvZv‡j †ek wfo| †LuvPv †LuvPv `vwo, w_ª
wck my¨U| †Wwbg wRbm-Gi cix| wfZy
†Kivwb|
jvÆz PvZv‡j e‡m| LvwU‡gjv n‡q|
fxlYfv‡e `yj‡Q| †hb f~‡Z †c‡q‡Q| gy‡L
†Muv †Muv AvIqvR| K‡li `yÕav‡i mvev‡bi
†dbv|
Igi Avjx wPrKvi K‡ib, û Avi qy?
jvÆz †VuvU weK…Z K‡i e‡j, ievU© d«vwÝm|
I‡qj Kvg Uz K¨vjKvUv|
_¨v¼ qy|
A¨vq Iqvë Uz Av¯‹ qy G †Kv‡ðb Ib
wenvd `¨ M¨v`vwis|
K¨vwi Ib|
Kvg m¨vUvi‡W û BDj DBb `v †im|
Avq k¨vj bU K‡g›U|
†nvqvU?
Iqvb ev÷vW© n¨vR Kvg wnqvi|
wKiYk¼i wb‡Ri Rvgvi Kjvi wb‡RB
†P‡c a‡ib| wb‡Ri g‡b wdm wdm K‡ib,
†dvi †Uv‡qw›U|
Igi Avjx wPrKvi K‡ib, û BR wn?
wKiYk¼i †`Šo †`b| Rxe‡bi †miv
†`Šo| G-Mwj †m-Mwj w`‡q| mvg‡b
dzKPvIqvjv| av°v Lvb| †cQb †_‡K A¯úó
†kvbv hvq, kvjv `vi“ wcqv|
evwo wd‡i Avqbvq gyL †`‡Lb|
ev_i“‡g| dz‡U I‡V L¨vcv †Nvovi Qwe|
wPrKvi K‡i I‡Vb| Mjvq ewg| Av‡m bv|
ïay NoNo AvIqvR|
cuvP.
eûw`b ci wKiYk¼i K¬v‡e G‡m‡Qb|
K¬v‡ei myBwgs cyj| †Rvov gxb †Ljv
K‡i| †hŠebeZx| wKQy c‡i my‡Li mxgvbv
†_‡K Iiv g‡Z© D‡V Av‡m| †Zvqv‡j w`‡q Mv
†gv‡Q|
wKiYk¼i †KvbI w`‡K ZvKvb bv| †`‡n
g‡b Aw¯’iZv| gyw³ PvB, beRb¥ PvB|
†KvbI ZÂKZv †bB GB PvIqvq|
gvKokvj Rvj †K‡U eyK f‡i wbtk¦vm
wb‡Z Pvb| Rv¤^yi myMwVZ e¶ØqI Zvi gb‡b
evav w`‡Z cv‡i bv| `xN©k¦vm †d‡j e‡jb,
Pj †Kv_vI D‡o hvB|
†Kv_vq?
GB ai VvKzicyKzi|
Bm VvKzicyKzi hve †Kb? myBRvij¨vÛ|
Avgvi w¶‡` †c‡q‡Q| wKQy AW©vi `vI|
14
wKiYk¼i nvZZvwj †`b| e‡jb, gay
w`‡q KovBmywU `vI Avi gyiwMi †iv÷|
†ggmv‡n‡ei w¶‡` †c‡q‡Q| Avi Avgv‡K
wRiv cvwb w`I|
Rv¤^y‡K AevK K‡i myBwgs cy‡ji w`‡K
GwM‡q hvb| Ue †_‡K GKUv †Mvjvc wQu‡o
Rv¤^y‡K †`b|
Rv¤^y euvKv †Pv‡L e‡j, KuvUv Av‡Q|
Zvici Kx g‡b K‡i jb †_‡K GKUv `~e©v
Zz‡j †bq| wKiYk¼i‡K †`q| wZwb nv‡mb,
e‡jb, †KvbI MÜ †bB|
†eqviv Lvevi wb‡q Av‡m| Uªwj‡Z|
wKiYk¼i XvKbv †Lv‡jb| wPrKvi K‡i
I‡Vb, GUv Kx GUv Kx?
iƒ‡cvi _vjvq Av¯— †Nvovi Di“|
Kx, GUv Kx? Rv¤^y AevK †Pv‡L wRÁvmv
K‡i|
wKiYk¼‡ii Mjvq NoNo AvIqvR,
†Nvovi...|
†Zvgvi Kx gv_v Lvivc? GZ my›`i K‡i
†iv÷Uv mvwR‡q‡Q| Avi Zzwg ejQ, †Nvov|
iv‡ZI wKiYk¼‡ii Nyg nq bv| Mjvq
†Muv †Muv AvIqvR| ZcZx †V‡j RvwM‡q w`j,
wRÁvmv K‡i, Kx n‡q‡Q? wPrKvi KiQ †Kb?
wKQy bv, wKQy bv|
wKQy bv gv‡b? Ny‡gi †Nv‡i Rv¤^ygvb
Rv¤^ygvb ejQ?
mvivivZ fvj Nyg nj bv| Mv g¨vR g¨vR
Ki‡Q| Zey Awd‡m †h‡Z nq| Awd‡m
G‡mB †dvb K‡ib K¨vwkqvi‡K|
wKiYk¼i ejwQ, nvRvicuv‡PK A¨vWfvÝ
PvB|
Avcbvi wjwgU †cwi‡q †M‡Q m¨vi|
Avwg Gg wWi m¨vskb G‡b w`w”Q|
wKiYk¼i Mvwo‡Z e‡m UvB-Gi bUUv
AvjMv K‡ib| AvR‡K Zvi †kl AvûwZ|
MZKvj †jK Kvjxevwo‡Z wZwb gnvgvqvi
Kv‡Q cÖwZÁv K‡i‡Qb| gv‡qi Av‡`k
†c‡q‡Qb ¯^cœ| †gwi `¨ KzBb| hw`I Zvi gb
gvb‡Q bv| KviY †gwii VvKzgvi i³
†`vAuvkjv| GK AvwfRvZ¨nxb †NvU‡Ki
Ji‡m Rb¥ Zvi| wKš‘ gv‡qi Av‡`k|
AMZ¨v wZwb Um K‡ib| wZwb cyi‡bv
wm×vš—B envj iv‡Lb|
AvR gv‡V †Pbv †Pbv gyL¸‡jv A‡Pbv
g‡b nq| †e`bvwm³ Zvi gb| UvKv Rgv
w`‡q gv‡V G‡m e‡mb| k~b¨ `„wó‡Z gv‡Vi
w`‡K ZvKvb| meyR MvwjPv| gv‡S gv‡S
†ùvU‡Ki gZ ZvwK‡q Av‡Q Ak¦Lyi-we¶Z
gvwU| wZwb †`Šo †`Lvi cÖ‡qvRb g‡b K‡ib
bv| jvf †jvKmvb cvc cyY¨ meB Zvi Kv‡Q
GK kã| †Nvoviv †hb Zvi w`‡K GwM‡q
Avm‡Q| RwKiv `uvwo‡q| wZwb †PvL wdwi‡q
†bb|
†PvL †g‡j wZwb c„w_exi Av‡jv †`‡Lb|
cv‡ki f`ª‡jvK wRÁvmv K‡ib, Kx nj?
†gwi `¨ KzBb|
†gwi †gwi †gwi, †gwi †giv Rvb| wZwb
gv Kvjx‡K cÖYvg K‡ib|
†MU †_‡K †e‡ivevi mgq gvwj‡Ki m‡½
gy‡LvgywL †`Lv n‡q hvq| gvwjK wRÁvmv
K‡i, †Kv_vq hv”Q?
evwo|
gv_v Lvivc, GLb evwo|
KvR Av‡Q|
†n‡iQ?
bv wR‡ZwQ|
KZ?
cÂvk, †gwi `¨ KzBb|
†Zvgv‡K gvW©vi Kiv DwPZ| Avjxi Lei
Av‡Q, GK-G Pvi| †Zvgvi me †`bv †kva|
bv fvB, hvB|
Zzwg w`b w`b AvBm‡Kvì n‡q hv”Q †Kb
ej †Zv?
wKiYk¼i Kx fve‡jb| c‡KU †_‡K
GKUv Avaywj †ei K‡i Um K‡ib| ej‡jbÑ
Pj| †RZv UvKv gvwj‡Ki nv‡Z w`‡q †`b|
wb¯ú„n Mjvq e‡jb, †L‡j `vI|
†`Šo Avi¤¢| wKiYk¼i †`Lvi †Póv
K‡ib bv| gvwjK QyU‡Z QyU‡Z Av‡m|
nuvdv‡Z nuvdv‡Z e‡jÑ m¨wi fvB| me
Avc‡mU †iRvë|
wKiYk¼i D‡V c‡ob|
P‡j hv”Q?
nu¨v Avwg †Zvgv‡K nvRvi `‡kK avi
w`w”Q| †ev‡¤^i avwiIqvjvi wUcm| GK`g
wkIi kU| wKiYk¼i g„`y †n‡m gvwj‡Ki
Kuv‡a Pvc †`b| e‡jb, hvB|
Mvwo‡Z ÷vU© w`‡ZB NU NU kã|
WªvBfvi e‡j, ÷vU© wb‡”Q bv|
Kx nj?
eyS‡Z cviwQ bv|
`iKvi †bB, Avwg U¨vw·‡Z hvw”Q|
evwo wd‡i wKiYk¼i Avivg K‡i e‡mb|
mܨv G‡m †M‡Q| †klwe‡K‡ji Av‡jvi gZB
Zvi gb wgªqgvY| mvg‡b AÜKvi Kv‡jv
Rvj|
†Uwe‡j GKUv wPwV| †Q‡ji nv‡Zi
†jLv| m‡½ †ek wKQy UvKv|
evev,
cÂvk nvRvi UvKv iBj| d¬¨v‡Ui evqbvi
Rb¨| Pzwi Kiv UvKv bq| Avgvi Kv‡Q
Rgv‡bv wKQy UvKv wQj| Avwg †gwi `¨ KzBbG evwR a‡iwQjvg| wR‡ZwQ| GUv Avgvi
Rxe‡bi cÖ_g †Ljv| GUv †kl wK bv ZzwgB
wVK K‡i †`‡e|
Ñ cÖYe|
AÜKvi| wKiYk¼‡ii gv_v Av‡iv Szu‡K
c‡o|
myeªZ gÊj
cwðge‡½i Kwe, †QvUMíKvi
bvUK
kZe‡l©i AvwObvq
iex›`ªbv‡_i
ivRv
W. wkevbx ivq
ivRv bvUK gyw`ªZ nIqvi
c‡iB Zv g¯’ Kivi
e¨e¯’v Pj‡Z _v‡K| 1317
mv‡ji m¤¢eZ ˆPÎ gv‡m
kvwš—wb‡KZ‡b bvU¨ N‡i
AwfbxZ nq| iex›`ªbv_
wb‡R ivRvi f~wgKvq
Awfbq K‡iwQ‡jb Avovj
†_‡K, VvKzi`vi f~wgKv‡Z
iex›`ªbv_ ¯^vfvweK †Mi“qv
†cvkv‡Ki Dci dz‡ji
gvjv Mjvq g‡Â Av‡mb
Avevi ivR‡mbvcwZ‡e‡k
VvKzi`v cwiewZ©Z mv`v
†ik‡gi †cvkv‡Ki Dci
jvj †KvgieÜ cwiwnZ
Avwef©v‡e AZzjbxq D`vË
K‡Éi Awfbq I b„Z¨|
cvMj †m‡RwQ‡jb
KvwjSzwj †g‡L w`‡b›`ªbv_,
AvjLvj−vi Dci wewfbœ
i‡Oi b¨vKovi UzK‡iv
Szwj‡q|
iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii 150Zg Rb¥w`b 1417 e½v‡ãi 25 ˆekvL; Avi GB Drme AvMvgx 150Zg
Rb¥el© c~wZ© Dcj‡¶ gnvmgv‡iv‡n Pj‡e GK eQi a‡i| evOvwji †MŠie GB gnvcyi“l †hgb
wPi¯§iYxq, eiYxq †Zgwb Zuvi †jLv wZbwU wZb ai‡bi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ MÖš’I AvR ¯§iYxq KviY
wZbwU MÖš’B GK‡kv eQi Av‡M A_©vr 1910 wLª÷v‡ã cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj| Zvi g‡a¨ †h eBwUi Rb¨
†bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi †c‡qwQ‡jb iex›`ªbv_Ñ †mB MxZvÄwj Kve¨MÖ‡š’i kZel© cvwjZ n‡”Q Ges n‡e
G eQ‡i wewfbœ Av‡jvPbv, wewfbœ cÎcwÎKv, MÖš’-gva¨‡g Avi Mvb-Ave„wË-bvUK gva¨‡g mviv eQi
a‡i|
GKB eQ‡i cÖKvwkZ GK Ab¨ ai‡bi Ges Ab¨ ¯—‡ii bvUK ivRv cÖKvwkZ nq GK gnvKvwe¨K
¸Y (epic quality) mgwš^Z Dcb¨vm †Mviv|
¯’vbvfv‡e eZ©gv‡b Avgv‡`i Av‡jvP¨ welq ivRv bvUK| 1317 mv‡ji fviZx cwÎKvi †cŠl
msL¨vq weÁvc‡b Rvbv hvq ÔivRv 7B †cŠ‡li g‡a¨ cÖKvwkZ nB‡eÕ| Ges 1317 mv‡ji †cŠl
gv‡mB MÖš’vKv‡i 22 Kb©Iqvwjm w÷ªU KjKvZv¯’ cÖKvkK kªxmZxkP›`ª wgÎ, BwÛqvb& cvwe−wks
nvDm †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq| gy`ªK wQ‡jb 20 Kb©Iqvwjm w÷ªU KjKvZv¯’ nwiPiY gvbœv Kvwš—K †cÖm
†_‡K| c„ôv msL¨v wQj 128; GB cÖ_g ms¯‹i‡Y Mvb wQj 22wU| Zvi g‡a¨ GKzkwU Mvb wQj
bZzb Ges GKwU Mvb ÔAvgv‡i Zzwg wK‡mi Q‡jÕ (wkjvB`n, AMÖnvqY 1317) cyi‡bv|
Avkªg we`¨vj‡qi QvÎ-wk¶Kiv Kwe‡K Aby‡iva K‡iwQ‡jb GKwU bvUK wj‡L †`evi Rb¨|
w¶wZ‡gvnb †mb‡K iex›`ªbv_ G welqB wj‡LwQ‡jbÑ
exR wKQyKvj gvwU‡Z cyu‡Z †i‡L w`‡Z nq Z‡e A¼zi †eiq| Avgvi bvU‡Ki exR GLb g‡bi
ZjvKvi AÜKv‡i †cuvZv Av‡QÑ A¼zi †ei‡jB Zvi m‡½ jvMv hv‡eÑ Zvi R‡b¨ DwØMœ n‡eb
bv| (†`k, 6 AMÖnvqY 1393| c„. 17, cÎ 23)
15
Avevi 29 A‡±vei kwbev‡i (12 KvwZ©K
1317) evwjKv we`¨vj‡qi QvÎx B›`y‡jLv
†PŠayix‡K Kwe¸i“ wjL‡QbÑ
kvwš—wb‡KZ‡bi Aa¨vc‡Kiv Avgv‡K
GKUv bZzb bvUK †jLevi R‡b¨
a‡i‡QbÑ ZvB GKUz GKUz K‡i wjwLÑ
wjL‡Z B”Qv K‡i bv AwaKvsk mgq Pzc
K‡i e‡mB Kv‡U| (kwbev‡ii wPwV,
AMÖnvqY 1348, 168)
GB bZzb bvUK †jLvi K_v µ‡g cÖevmx
cwÎKvi mnm¤úv`K Pvi“P›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq
Rvb‡Z †c‡i GB †jLvwU Zuvi cwÎKvq Qvcvi
Rb¨ †P‡qwQ‡jbÑ ZLb 3 b‡f¤^i
e„n¯cwZevi (17 KvwZ©K 1317) iex›`ªbv_
Zuv‡K †j‡LbÑ
Avwg GLv‡b GKUv †jLv‡Z nvZ w`‡qwQ
e‡U wKš‘ †mUvi Dci †Zvgiv †PvL w`‡j
Pj‡e bv| wRwbmwU †QvU bvUK
kvi‡`vrme-Gi ¯^RvZxqÑ Avgvi
we`¨vj‡qi †Q‡j‡`i Aby‡iv‡a c‡o
wjL‡Z e‡mwQ| Zv‡K UzK‡iv K‡i
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jvM‡e bv| wRwbmUvI GKUz A™¢yZ
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ej‡e g›` Ges A‡b‡K nq‡Zv †f‡eB
cv‡e bv fvj ej‡e wK g›` ej‡e|
†gv‡Ui Dci ev‡iv Avbv †jvK ej‡e
eq‡mi m‡½ m‡½ iweeveyi mvwnwZ¨K
kw³i n«vm n‡”P|... hvB †nvK nVvr †h
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_vK‡e bv| Zzwg †Zv †`‡LBQ
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1391| c„. 15, cÎ 25)
22 KvwZ©K g½jevi 8 b‡f¤^i w¶wZ‡gvnb
†mb‡K wjL‡jbÑ
g‡b KwiqvwQjvg wkwk‡ivrme wjwLeÑ
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m½Z nBZ wKš‘ weavZv cwinvm Kwiqv
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cÎ 27)
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Pvi“P›`ª‡KÑ
Avgvi bvUKUv AvR †kl K‡iwQ| Avi
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14, cÎ 26)
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PµeZ©x‡K wjL‡Qb bvUKwU m¤ú‡K©Ñ
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kvi‡`vrme Rv‡Zi wRwbmUv| M‡íi
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16
GB †h Kíbvi m~Î wb‡q gb wbR©‡b e‡m
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co‡Z †`Iqv bq, †mUv GL‡bv Abyfe
Kwi| (Ag„Z 24 dvêyb 1385| c„. 4546, cÎ 22)
eB cÖKv‡ki m‡½ m‡½B cÖevmx cwÎKvi gvN
1317, 10g fvM, 2q LÊ, msL¨v 500
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aiv‡bv hvBZ bv| (c„. 19)
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c„. 86-87)
iex›`ªbv_ wb‡R ivRv bvUKvwfbq
m¤ú‡K© cyÎea~ cÖwZgv †`ex‡K wj‡L‡QbÑ
G Kqw`b AZ¨š— †Mvjgv‡ji g‡a¨
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n‡qwQj| Zvi c‡i Awfbq †`Levi
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wb‡qI Avgvi Avi wKQygvÎ AeKvk wQj
bv| †g‡q AvURb I cyi“l bq-`kRb
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†`vZjvq|... cï© Awfbq n‡Z ivZ `ycyi
n‡qwQjÑ Zvi c‡i Kvj iv‡Î †g‡qiv
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iv‡Î Zuviv me P‡j †M‡jb| Avgv‡`i
Awfb‡q myaxiÄb †m‡RwQj ivbxÑ †ek
fvj K‡i Zv‡K mvRv‡bv wM‡qwQjÑ
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wKš‘ Av‡iv fvj nIqv DwPZ wQj|
wPwVcÎ 3| KjKvZv: wek¦fviZx,
1410| c„. 15-16| cÎ 7 [21 gvP©
1911]
i_x›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii `„wó‡ZÑ
ivRv Awfbq †`‡L `k©‡Ki `j gy»
n‡qwQ‡jb e‡U, wKš‘ bvU‡Ki A_© I
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†_‡K wM‡qwQj, ev¯—weK c‡¶ GB mg‡q
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wKsev wbZvš—B w¯’wgZ| GiKg cÖPv‡ii
KvR †ek wKQyKvj a‡i Pj‡Z _v‡K|
Aek¨ GBme aviYvi GKgvÎ Reve wQj
evi evi GBme bvU‡Ki Awfbq †jv‡Ki
mvg‡b Dcw¯’Z Kiv| evev ZvB
K‡iwQ‡jb|
1917 wLª÷v‡ã Avevi ivRv Awfb‡qi cÖ‡Póv
nq|
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cvwe−wks nvDm-Gi mZxkP›`ª wgÎ KZ…©K
cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ ivRv bvU‡Ki c„ôv msL¨v wQj
128, g~j¨ AvU Avbv Ges gy`ªY msL¨v wQj
GK nvRvi| 19 A‡¼ web¨¯— GB bvU‡K Mvb
wQj evBkwU| c„ôvµg Abymv‡i Mvb¸wji
ZvwjKv wbæiƒc:
c„ôv 4Ñ AvwR `wLb `yqvi †Lvjv, 8Ñ
†mLv‡b iƒ‡ci cÖfv bqb‡jvfv, 9Ñ Avgiv
mevB ivRv, 13Ñ Avgvi cÖv‡Yi gvbyl, 22Ñ
†Zviv †h hv ewjm fvB, 30Ñ †Lv‡jv †Lv‡jv
Øvi, 31Ñ G †h †gvi AveiY, 37Ñ †Kv_v
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†gv‡`i wKQy bvB‡i, 46Ñ gg wP‡Ë wbwZ,
49Ñ em‡š— wK ïay, 54Ñ wein gayi nj,
60Ñ hv wQj Kv‡jv, 61Ñ Avnv †Zvgvi m‡½,
63Ñ Avgvi Nyi †j‡M‡Q, 64Ñ cy®ú dz‡U
†Kvb& KzÄe‡b, 77Ñ Avgv‡i Zzwg wK‡mi
Q‡j, 80Ñ Avwg †Zvgvi †cÖ‡g, 118Ñ
Avgvi mKj wb‡q, 123Ñ †fvi nj
wefveix|
wbD AvwU©wóK †cÖ‡m gyw`ªZ Ges BwÛqvb
†cÖm wjwg‡UW Gi Ac~eŸ©K…ò emy KZ…©K
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wQj 144, g~j¨ GK UvKv, Ges gy`ªY msL¨v
wQj GK nvRvi| c~‡e©i gZB 19 A‡¼
web¨¯— GB bvU‡K Mv‡bi msL¨v †e‡o nq
QvweŸkwU| cÖ_g ms¯‹i‡Yi evBkwU Mv‡bi
g‡a¨ ÔAvgv‡i Zzwg wK‡mi Q‡jÕ MvbwU
e¨ZxZ evwK GKzkwU Mvb wØZxq ms¯‹i‡YI
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cuvPwU MvbÑ ÔAvwg iƒ‡c †Zvgvq †fvjve bvÕ,
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ÔAÜKv‡ii gv‡SÕ, QvweŸkwU Mv‡bi
µgvbyZvwjKv wbæiƒcÑ
c„ôv 7Ñ †Lv‡jv †Lv‡jv Øvi, 8Ñ G †h †gvi
AveiY, 15Ñ †Kv_v evB‡i `~‡i, 19Ñ AvwR
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Avgiv mevB ivRv, 29Ñ Avgvi cÖv‡Yi
gvbyl, 38Ñ †Zviv †h hv ewjm fvB, 39Ñ
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47Ñ gg wP‡Ë wbwZ b„‡Z¨, 52Ñ em‡š— wK
ïay, 57Ñ wein gayi nj AvwR, 63Ñ hv wQj
Kv‡jv-a‡jv, 64Ñ Avnv †Zvgvi m‡½, 65Ñ
Avgvi mKj wb‡q, 66Ñ Avgvi Nyi †j‡M‡Q,
68Ñ cy®ú dz‡U †Kvb& KzÄe‡b, 81Ñ Avwg
iƒ‡c †Zvgvq, 84Ñ f‡q‡i †gvi AvNvZ Ki,
87Ñ Avwg †Zvgvi †cÖ‡g, 95Ñ Avwg †Kej
†Zvgvi `vmx, 112Ñ G AÜKvi WyevI,
131Ñ AvwR emš— RvMÖZ Øv‡i, 134Ñ
AÜKv‡ii gv‡S, 136Ñ †fvi nj wefveix|
Mv‡bi msL¨vi cwieZ©b QvovI cvVMZ
cwieZ©bI GB ms¯‹i‡Y n‡q‡Q Ges †mwel‡q †jL‡Ki wb‡e`‡b iex›`ªbv_ wb‡RB
wj‡L‡Qb| eZ©gv‡bI bvU‡Ki GB cvVB
i‡q‡Q|
ivRv bvU‡Ki Kvwnbxi g~j m~Î W.
iv‡R›`ªjvj wgÎ KZ…©K m¤úvw`Z Sanskrit
Buddhist Literature of Nepal MÖ‡š’i
Aš—M©Z The story of Kusa| GwU
gnve¯‘ Ae`vb-Gi Aš—M©Z| (c„ôv 14245)
D‡j−L¨ AviI †ek wKQy KweZv I bvU‡Ki
Kvwnbx GB Ôgnve¯‘ Ae`vbÕ-Gi Kvwnbxi
wfwˇZ iwPZ n‡q‡Q †hgb gvwjbx, cwi‡kva
cÖf„wZ|
ivRv-i g~j Kvwnbx A_©vr dz‡ji Kvwnbxi
g‡a¨ ivRv g‡n›`ª‡Ki Kb¨v wQj my`k©bv|
iex›`ªbv‡_i ivRv bvU‡KI my`k©bv GK
Ab¨Zg PwiÎ| RvZ‡Ki Kvwnbxi Aš—wb©wnZ
evYx iex›`ªbv_I Zuvi bvU‡Ki gva¨‡g cÖKvk
Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| ivRv bvUK m¤ú‡K©
iex›`ªbv_ wb‡R wj‡L‡Qb ÔAvgvi ag©Õ kxl©K
cÖe‡ÜÑ
ivRv bvU‡K my`k©bv Avcb Aiƒc ivRv‡K
†`L‡Z PvB‡j; iƒ‡ci †gv‡n gy» n‡q
fyj ivRvi Mjvq w`‡j gvjv; Zvi c‡i
†mB fy‡ji g‡a¨ w`‡q, cv‡ci g‡a¨
w`‡q, †h AwMœ`vn NUv‡j, †h welg hy×
evwa‡q w`‡j, Aš—‡i evwn‡i †h †Nvi
Akvwš— RvwM‡q Zzj‡j, Zv‡ZB †Zv Zv‡K
mZ¨ wgj‡b †cuŠwQ‡q w`‡j| cÖY‡qi g‡a¨
w`‡q m„wói c_| ZvB Dcwbl‡` Av‡Q,
wZwb Zv‡ci Øviv Zß n‡q GB mg¯— wKQy
m„wó Ki‡jb| Avgv‡`i AvZ¥v hv m„wó
Ki‡Q Zv‡Z c‡` c‡` e¨_v| wKš‘ Zv‡K
hw` e¨_vB ewj Z‡e †kl K_v ejv nj
bv, †mB e¨_v‡ZB †mŠ›`h©, Zv‡ZB
Avb›`|
(Avgvi ag©| AvZ¥ cwiPq| KjKvZv|
wek¦fviZx MÖš’bwefvM, 1400| c„. 6263| meyRcÎ Avwk¦b-KvwZ©K 1324)
ivRv bvUK ZR©gv wel‡q iex›`ªbv_ AvMÖnx
wQ‡jb| †KgweªR wek¦we`¨vj‡qi K…Zx QvÎ
AvBwmGm w¶ZxkP›`ª †mb ivRv Abyev`
K‡ib| iex›`ªbv_ GB ZR©gv B‡qUm‡K
17
Aa¨vcK k•L †Nvl-Gi g‡Z †h ivRv bvUK Ô†kl
ch©š— AvZ¥¯’Zvi DcvR©bÕ †mB bvU‡Ki g‡a¨ bZzb
Dcjwä‡Z øvZ nevi `vq Avgv‡`i, `vq
iex›`ªbv‡_iI wQj Avgv‡`i g‡a¨ Zz‡j aivi; ZvB
wZwb Awfb‡qvc‡hvMx bvUK K‡i Zzj‡jb ivRv
†_‡K AiƒciZb (gvN 1326) wKš‘ AvZ¥vbymÜv‡bi
ïi“ †h ivRv †_‡KB, we‡k¦i m‡½ wb‡R‡K
†gjv‡bvi, civf‡e wb‡R‡K øvZ K‡i AvZ¥ïw×i
Av‡jvq wb‡Ri DËi‡Yi mÜvb ivRv|Õ
w`‡qwQ‡jb| w¶wZkP›`ª G wel‡q
iex›`ªbv_‡K †j‡LbÑ
Avwg h_vmva¨ ivRvi Literal ZR©gv
Ki‡Z †P‡qwQjyg| A_P RvbZzg †h
mvwn‡Z¨ ZR©gv GiKg Literal AvKv‡i
cÖKvwkZ n‡j Lye Dc‡fv‡Mi e¯‘ nq bv|
cÖ_g Abyev‡`i D‡Ïk¨Uv GBiKg wQj
†h Avm‡ji imUv hZUv m¤¢e mgMÖ I
AcwiewZ©Z AvKv‡i Bs‡iwRi g‡a¨ G‡b
Dcw¯’Z Kiv| Zvic‡i, Bs‡iRxfvlv I
wP‡Ëi cÖK…wZ I MwZ Abymv‡i †mUv‡K
wcwU‡q-wmwU‡q mvwR‡q-¸wQ‡q GKUv
organic †mŠ›`‡h©i g~wË© †`Iqv †h‡Z
cviZ| Avgvi mgq _vK‡j Avcbv‡K
cvVvevi Av‡M nqZ H cÖ_g LmovUv‡K
Base K‡i Avi GKUv LvZv ˆZwi
KiZzg, wKš‘ Avgvi wek¦vm wQj G wel‡q
hv wKQy Kievi Zv Avcbvi nv‡ZB n‡e|
1913 mv‡ji 7 †g ivZ mv‡o AvUUvi mgq
26 bs wMjevU w÷ª‡U †jwW d¬¨vIqvi-Gi
evwo‡Z iex›`ªbv_ ivRv bvUK cvV K‡ib|
GB cvV ï‡b Evelyn Underhill (÷zqvU©
gyi-Gi ¯¿x) Kwe‡K †j‡LbÑ
‘One thing specially struck me,
even amongst all its beauties: I
mean the episode of the king who
went out to meet the great king on
the battlefield, and fought like a
brave manÑ hardly any one I think
has told that before, & too many
of our teachers of ‘religion’ spend
their time in saying the axact
opposite.’
Gi c‡i iex›`ªbv_ The King of the
Dark Chamber cvÊywjwc‡Z cÖf~Z
ms‡kvab K‡iwQ‡jb Ges †mwU wkKv‡Mvi
The Drama cwÎKvi May 1914 No.
10 msL¨vq cÖKvwkZ nq The king of the
Dark Chamber by Rabindranath
Tagore, Translated into English by
the Author [pp 177-237] wk‡ivbv‡g
Ges cÖ_‡g wQj Slice Corbin
Henderoon wjwLZ Rabindranath
Tagore [pp 161-76] kxl©K cÖeÜ|
GB bvUKwU 1914 mv‡j gyw`ªZ nq,
cÖKvkK g¨vKwgjvb A¨vÛ †Kvs wjwg‡UW
Ges gy`ªK R & R Clark Limited,
18
Edinbergh| c„ôv msL¨v †gvU 204-2,
GB bvU‡Ki †kl `yB c„ôv g¨vKwgjvb
cÖKvwkZ iex›`ªbv‡_i Bs‡iwR Abyev` MÖ‡š’i
weÁvcb| Kzwo A‡¼i m¤ú~Y© bvU‡K ev‡ivwU
Mvb e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q|
c„ôv 7Ñ The southern gate is
unbarred, come, 14Ñ We are all kings
in the kingdom of our, 21Ñ My
beloved is ever in my heart, 37Ñ Do
you smile, ny friends? 49ÑO p e n
your door, I am waiting, 50Ñ At a
breath you can remove my veils, 57Ñ
Ah, they would fly awoy, the restless,
62Ñ We have nothing, indeed we
have nothing, 82Ñ My sorrow is
sweet to me in this spring, 90Ñ All
blacks and whites have lost their, 91Ñ
With you is my gane, love, my love!
184Ñ I am waiting with my all in the
hope of|
m¤ú~Y© wfbœ ai‡bi bvUK ivRv g~j bvUK
Ges Zvi Bs‡iwR Abyev` me©ÎMvgx bv n‡jI
we‡klZ ¸YxRb‡`i Kv‡Q Av`„Z n‡q‡Q, Kx
¯^‡`‡k, Kx we‡`‡k| Zey Ggb GKwU mg„×
bvUK hv gvbyl‡K Ab¨ GK ¯—‡i DËxY© K‡i
Zv me©ÎMvgx nqwb, Zvi Rb¨ Avgiv `vqx|
Aa¨vcK k•L †Nvl-Gi g‡Z †h ivRv bvUK
Ô†kl ch©š— AvZ¥¯’Zvi DcvR©bÕ †mB bvU‡Ki
g‡a¨ bZzb Dcjwä‡Z øvZ nevi `vq
Avgv‡`i, `vq iex›`ªbv‡_iI wQj Avgv‡`i
g‡a¨ Zz‡j aivi; ZvB wZwb Awfb‡qvc‡hvMx
bvUK K‡i Zzj‡jb ivRv †_‡K AiƒciZb
(gvN 1326) wKš‘ AvZ¥vbymÜv‡bi ïi“ †h
ivRv †_‡KB, we‡k¦i m‡½ wb‡R‡K
†gjv‡bvi, civf‡e wb‡R‡K øvZ K‡i
AvZ¥ïw×i Av‡jvq wb‡Ri DËi‡Yi mÜvb
ivRv|Õ †kl K_v Aek¨ iex›`ªbv‡_i †jLv
†_‡KB †g‡j| The King of the Dark
Chamber wel‡q eÜzei Pvj©m wd«qi
GÛªyR‡K iex›`ªbv_ 1914 mv‡ji 15 b‡f¤^i
GK wPwV‡Z wj‡L‡QbÑ
Critics and detectives are naturally suspicious. They scent allegories and bombs where there are
no such abominations. It is difficult to convince them of our innocence... Human soul has its inner
drama, which is just the same as
anything else that concerns Man,
and Sudarsana is not mere an
abstraction than Lady Macbeth
(who might be described as an
allegory representing the criminal
ambition in Man’s nature).
However, it does not matter what
things are, according to the rules
of the rities. They are what they
are, and therefore difficult of classification. Letters to a Friend, p.
48
1935 wLª÷v‡ãi †k‡l KjKvZvq ivRv
AwfbxZ nq| iex›`ªbv‡_i eqm ZLb
PzqvËi| GB eq‡mI wZwb i½g‡Â AeZxY©
n‡qwQ‡jb VvKzi`v`v iƒ‡c, Avovj †_‡K
ivRvi f~wgKv‡ZI Awfbq K‡iwQ‡jb| Gi
ci †evanq iex›`ªbv_ Avi Awfbq K‡ibwb|
1935 mv‡ji 22 b‡f¤^i nx‡i›`ªbv_ fćK
†jLv AwbjKzgvi P›`i wPwV‡Z Av‡QÑ
ÔGLv‡b G‡m Avcbvi bvUKLvbv coevi
myweav eË©gv‡b n‡e bv| ivRv Awfbq wb‡q
wZwb wbZvš— e¨¯— Av‡Qb| ÔduvKvÕ mgq nv‡Z
†gv‡UB †bB|Õ ivRv bvUK wb‡q Gfv‡eB
iex›`ªbv_ m¤ú„³ wQ‡jb †kl ch©š—|
W. wkevbx ivq
cwðge‡½i wk¶vwe`, cÖvewÜK
mnvqK MÖš’
1. cÖfvZKzgvi gy‡Lvcva¨vq| iex›`ªRxebx I
iex›`ªmvwnZ¨ cÖ‡ekK; wØZxq LÊ 13081325 \ 1901-1918| KjKvZv:
wek¦fviZx, 1416
2. i“`ª c Ö m v` PµeZ© x | mvaviY i½vjq I
iex›`ªbv_|
KjKvZv: wek¦fviZx, 1406
3. k•L †Nvl| Kv‡ji gvÎv I iex›`ªbvUK|
KjKvZv: ms¯‹…Z fvÊvi, 1969
4. kvwš—‡`e †Nvl| iex›`ªmsMxZ| KjKvZv:
wek¦fviZx, 1408
5. mxZv †`ex| cyY¨¯§„wZ| KjKvZv: ˆgÎx,
1349
6. myaxiÄb `vm| Avgv‡`i kvwš—wb‡KZb|
KjKvZv: wek¦fviZx, 1366
7. Krishna Kripalani, Rabindranath
Tagore: A Biography. Calcutta:
Visva-Bharati, 1980
avivevwnK Dcb¨vm
\ Z…Zxq ce© \
cowk
emZ
K‡i
Agi wgÎ
`yB.
m‡š—vl PµeZ©x G‡m‡Q AvgZwj †_‡K| m‡½ Zvi wK‡kvicyÎ, GMv‡iv ev‡iv n‡e| m‡š—vl ejj, †Kvbw`b
KjKvZv `¨v‡Lwb, wb‡q Gjvg|
fvj K‡i‡Qb|
m‡š—vl PµeZ©x m‡½ GK c¨v‡KU ewminv‡Ui KuvPv‡Mvj−v m‡›`k wb‡q G‡m‡Q, ejj, A‡bKw`b Avcbv‡`i
m‡½ †`LvI nqwb|
kwbevi iweevi hZx‡bi QywU| kwbev‡ii evi‡ejvq m‡š—vl PµeZ©x Zvi d¬¨v‡U G‡m Xy‡K‡Q| Mv‡j `vwo †i‡L
Ii wfZ‡i mvay mvay fve| †Q‡jwUi `yÕwU †PvL AvMÖvmx| we¯§q wb‡q hZx‡bi mvRv‡bv Ni †`L‡Q| we¯§‡qi
wfZ‡i GK ai‡bi Cl©vI eywS ˆZwi n‡q‡Q †mB wK‡kv‡ii †PvLgy‡L| hZxb wR‡Ám Kij, GLvb †_‡K †Kv_vq
hv‡eb?
†Kv_vI bv, G‡Lb †_‡K evwo|
Lv‡eb `ycy‡i|
bv bv Avgiv †L‡q G‡qwP †QvUevey, AvUUvq †ei“BwP, Ii gv fvZ K‡i w`‡qwQj, m‡½ i“wU ZiKvwi wUwdbI
Av‡Q|
Zv ej‡j nq, M„n‡¯’i evwo G‡jb, eªvþY gvbyl|
m‡š—vl PµeZ©x AvZ¥Mwigvq fiv gy‡L nvmj, Zvici ejj, Avcbvi †bvZb evwowZ †M †cUcy‡i †L‡q Avme|
wVK Av‡Q †m n‡e, Avevi n‡e wKbv ZvI ejv hvq bv, AZ`~i wK †cuŠQ‡Z cvi‡eb?
A‡bK`~i?
nu¨v, lvU eQi wcQ‡b|
Zvi gv‡b? m‡š—vl PµeZ©x nuv n‡q †Mj| Kx e‡j †jvKUv Zv bv eyS‡Z †c‡i eQiev‡ivi wK‡kvicy‡Îi w`‡K
ZvwK‡q ejj, †Q‡jUv fvj †eªb †c‡q‡P, K¬v‡m dv÷© nq|
evn! †ek †Q‡j, Kx bvg?
†Q‡jwU ejj, Auv‡Á Ki“YvNb PµeZ©x|
Ki“YvNb! †K w`j bvg?
Ki“YvNb ejj, evev|
ZLb m‡š—vl wR‡Ám Kij †Q‡j‡K, †QvUeveyi K_v ai‡Z cviwj?
Ki“YvNb ejj, Dwb UvB‡gi K_v ej‡Qb|
19
m‡š—v‡li K_vi aibB GBiKg| wb‡Ri
`vwi`ª‡K cyuwR K‡i †jv‡Ki KvQ †_‡K
wKQy bv wKQy Av`vq Ki‡Z Pvq|
P›`bvI Pzc K‡i †M‡Q| m‡š—v‡li
K_vq †m wb‡R‡K †hb Acivax g‡b
KiwQj| m‡š—v‡li IB Ae¯’vi Rb¨
`vqx Zviv| Zv‡`i GKwU cyÎ GKwU
Kb¨v| Zviv KZ fvj Av‡Q| Bm! †Kb
fvj Av‡Q Zviv?
Zvi gv‡b?
Ki“YvNb hZx‡bi w`‡K ZvwK‡q ejj,
ZvB †Zv †QvUevey?
hZxb wR‡Ám K‡i, †Kvb K¬vm?
†m‡f‡b DVjvg|
m‡š—vl ejj, eq‡mi †P‡q DuPz‡Z c‡o,
wKš‘ cv‡i|
evn&! †Q‡j Avcbvi `ytL `~i Ki‡e
m‡š—vlevey|
m‡š—vl wR‡Ám Kij, †QvUeveyi K_vUv
eywS‡q †` †`wL|
Ki“YvNb ejj, I Zzwg eySev bv evev,
UvB‡gi K_v ej‡Qb Dwb, wm·wU Bqvim
G‡Mv Zzwg †Kv_vq?
Zvi gv‡b?
evwo Pj eywS‡q †`e|
hZxb AevK n‡q ïbwQj wcZvcy‡Îi
K‡_vcK_b| †Q‡jwU‡K eq‡mi †P‡q
eyw×gvbB g‡b nq| †m wR‡Ám Kij, Zzwg
GBP wR I‡qjm-Gi UvBg †gwmb c‡oQ?
Bswj‡ki m¨vi K¬v‡m MíUv e‡jwQ‡jb|
Avi?
Ki“YvNb ejj, Bswj‡ki m¨vi eB †`b
Avgv‡K|
BswiwR eB co‡Z cvi?
Ki“YvNb ejj, cvwi|
¸W! AvR Avwg †Zvgv‡K eB †`e, wb‡q
†h‡qv|
Ki“YvNb nvZ KPjvq| ZLb m‡š—vl
ejj, fMevb KvD‡K G‡Kev‡i gv‡i bv
†QvUevey, mvZ †g‡qi ci †Zv, GwU Aóg
Mf©, mvZUv †g‡qi `yÕ‡Uv g‡i‡P R‡b¥i
mgq|
_vK!
nu¨v _vK| e‡j m‡š—vl PµeZ©x Pzc K‡i
e‡m _vKj| †Kb G‡m‡Q Zv ai‡Z cvi‡Q bv
hZxb| bv e‡j-K‡q nVvr? m‡š—vl Zvi
†Q‡j‡K ejj, ZzB Rvbjvq wM‡q `uvov|
†Q‡j PvBwQj Zv| Rvbvjvq `uvwo‡q
c‡ikbv_ gw›`‡ii Pz‡ov, evB‡ii cuvwP‡ji
Dci †eovj, KvK, kvwjK †`L‡Z jvMj|
P›`bv XyKj N‡i| m‡š—v‡li †Q‡j‡K †`‡L
AevK n‡q †Mj, GZ eo n‡q †M‡Q!
nu¨v eDw`|
20
mevB fvj?
nu¨v fvj, mevB fvj|
†g‡qiv?
Kcv‡j Av‡Q, fvj-g›` Rvwb‡b|
we‡q w`‡Z KÕRb?
`yÕ‡Uv GL‡bv, Z‡e Avgvi Dcvq †bB|
Dcvq †bB gv‡b|
we‡q †`evi †Kvb Dcvq †bB|
Zv ej‡j nq!
m‡š—vl ejj, me©¯^vš— ne eDw`,
†Q‡jUvi Rb¨ †Zv wKQy ivL‡Z n‡e, Iiv
RywU‡q †b‡e|
Gme K_v hZxb Av‡MI ï‡b‡Q| †ejv
GMv‡ivUvi mgq QywUi w`‡b Zvi Gme fvj
jvMwQj bv| m‡š—v‡li K_vi aibB
GBiKg| wb‡Ri `vwi`ª‡K cyuwR K‡i †jv‡Ki
KvQ †_‡K wKQy bv wKQy Av`vq Ki‡Z Pvq|
P›`bvI Pzc K‡i †M‡Q| m‡š—v‡li K_vq †m
wb‡R‡K †hb Acivax g‡b KiwQj|
m‡š—v‡li IB Ae¯’vi Rb¨ `vqx Zviv|
Zv‡`i GKwU cyÎ GKwU Kb¨v| Zviv KZ
fvj Av‡Q| Bm! †Kb fvj Av‡Q Zviv?
hZxb wR‡Ám Kij, nVvr †h?
A‡bK w`b †Kvb †hvMv‡hvM †bB|
†hvMv‡hvM Kx K‡i n‡e?
m‡š—vl ejj, bv gv‡b AvwgI ivL‡Z
cvwi‡b, Avm‡j `ywf©¶i c‡i R‡b¥v, Avgvi
Mv †_‡K `ywf©¶ Qvov‡”Q bv|
†Kvb K_v †Kvb K_vq wb‡q †Mj
m‡š—vl| †jvKUvi m‡½ K_v ejvB SKgvwi|
wKš‘ AvPgKv ewminv‡Ui KuvPv‡Mvj−v wb‡q
Gj †Kb? hZxb ejj, †L‡q hv‡eb|
bv †QvUevey, G‡Lb †_‡K hve weojv
Zvivgʇj, I‡i †`Lve|
P›`bv wR‡Ám Kij, †QvU‡g‡qUv‡K
Avb‡Z cvi‡Zb|
Kx n‡e?
ZvivgÊj †`LZ|
m‡š—vl nu¨v nu¨v K‡i nv‡m, e‡j,
†g‡qgvby‡li Avevi ZvivgÊj!
P›`bvi gyL Kv‡jv n‡q †Mj| D‡VB
†Mj| m‡š—vl PµeZ©x WvKj, eDw` emyb,
Avcbv‡`i †Zv evwo nj|
nj, e‡j P›`bv P‡j †Mj|
m‡š—vl ejj, K‡e hv‡eb?
†Kv_vq AvgZwj‡Z?
bv †QvUevey, bZzb evwo‡Z|
hve, †`wL! hZxb D`vmxb n‡q ejj|
Avm‡j evwoi K_v †m evov‡Z PvB‡Q bv|
m‡š—vl‡K †`‡L Zvi AvgZwji evwoi K_v
g‡b cowQj| evwoUv `LjB K‡i wbj
†jvKUv| Avi DV‡e bv| †mI hv‡e bv| Pzc
K‡i Av‡Q| m‡š—vl‡K GB gyn~‡Z© Avi cQ›`
n‡”Q bv|
m‡š—vl wR‡Ám K‡i, KZ coj?
coj gv‡b?
gv‡b LiP, KÕjvL?
hZxb ejj, me wn‡me Kwiwb|
†gvRvBK K‡i‡Qb bv cv_i?
hZxb ejj, cv_i, †gvRvBKI n‡q‡Q
WvBwbs †¯úm-G|
evn| ev_i“‡g cv_i †Zv?
ûu|
UvBjmI jvMv‡bv n‡q‡Q?
n‡q‡Q| e‡j hZx‡bi g‡b c‡o †Mj ÔKx
w`‡q fvZ †L‡qwQmÕ-Gi K_v| IB
AvgZwj‡ZB Kvnvi evjK Pvby Mi‡gi `ycy‡i
Zv‡K a‡i LyuwU‡q LyuwU‡q Zvi `ycy‡ii Lv`¨
ZvwjKv Rvb‡Z PvBZ| Pvbyi †Kvb `ycy‡i
fvZ RyUZ †Kvb `ycy‡i RyUZ bv| hZx‡bi
Kv‡Q Wvj, fvRv, ZiKvwi, gvQ, U‡Ki K_v
ï‡b ï‡b wb‡Ri wL‡` †gUvZ †hb †m|
m‡š—vl PµeZx M„nnxb gvbyl, c‡ii evwo‡Z
c‡ii Ki“Yvq evm K‡i| hZx‡bi KvQ †_‡K
ïb‡Z ïb‡Z wbRM„‡ni Z…òv †gvUv‡”Q GKUz
GKUz K‡i|
m‡š—vl wR‡Ám Kij, †`vZjv Ki‡eb
bv?
Kie|
nu¨v K‡i wbb, Szj eviv›`vq `uvov‡eb|
Avi? hZx‡bi wewPÎ jv‡M m‡š—vl‡K|
GB me †LuvR wb‡Z KuvPv‡Mvj−v nv‡Z K‡i
†Q‡j‡K wb‡q mKv‡j Zvi evwo‡Z nvbv w`j?
m‡š—vl wR‡Ám Kij, †`Iqv‡j wWm‡U¤úvi?
nu¨v, nvév wMÖb iO|
Lye my›`i n‡q‡Q wVK, ejwQ †`Iqvj
G‡Kev‡i †c−b n‡q †M‡Q?
ZvB †Zv n‡e|
Rvwb cÖvBgvi c¨vwim Avevi cÖvBgvi
Zvici iO?
Kx K‡i Rvb‡jb?
mv‡qe‡`i Ni GB iK‡g nZ †Zv,
†Kv¤úvwb‡Z|
hZxb wR‡Ám Kij, RwgUwg wKb‡jb?
bv, Rwg †Kbvi Dcvq †bB, evsjv‡`wkiv
eW©vi cvi n‡q Rwg wK‡b Avevi Icv‡i P‡j
hv‡”Q|
Zv nq bvwK?
n‡”Q †QvUevey, I‡`i nv‡Z A‡bK UvKv,
GmgvMwjs-Gi UvKvi †Kvb wn‡me _v‡K?
hZxb ejj, Ii wfZ‡iB †Zv wKb‡Z
n‡e|
cvie bv, ejwQ Avcbvi evwoi mvg‡b
evMvb Ki‡eb?
Kie|
M¨v‡iR Ki‡eb †Zv?
Kie|
GKUv gvi“wZ wK‡b †b‡eb|
hZxb ejj, †be|
Zvn‡j †Zv Avcbv‡`i Avi GKUv evwo
nj|
nj|
m‡š—vl PµeZ©x ejj, hv‡`i nq Ggwb
nq, K_vq e‡j fMevb hv‡i †`bÑ
hZxb ejj, nu¨v ZvB, Avwg Avi GKUv
d¬¨vUI eyK K‡iwQ|
†Kv_vq?
GB Kv‡QB, wW‡m¤^i bvMv` c‡Rkb
cve| hZxb B‡”Q K‡iB Z„òv‡Z©i Z…òv
evwo‡q w`j| cv bvPv‡Z jvMj hZxb|
†jvKUv Kx Ki‡Z G‡m‡Q? mKvj †ejvq
wgwó wb‡q Gj wK Zvi evwoi Hk¦‡h©i K_v
ïb‡Z| A™¢yZ gvbyl! Zv‡K bv ïwb‡qwQj
Zvi †Kvb c~e©cyi“l Ii c~e©cyi“‡li Rwg MÖvm
K‡iwQj c~e©evsjvq| †mB Kvi‡Y I Q‡j
`Lj K‡i‡Q Zv‡`i AvgZwji cvKv `vjvb|
m‡š—vl GKUz KzuK‡o †M‡Q, ejj, Avgvi
GKUv wb‡e`b Av‡Q †QvUevey|
ejyb| hZxb mZK© n‡q I‡V|
Avwg wKQy w`‡Z PvB|
w`‡Z Pvb gv‡b?
gv‡b evwoUvq e‡m AvwQ, Avgvi Lye
DcKvi K‡iwQ‡jb Avcbvi evev, wKš‘ Avwg
eªvþY mš—vb, Ggwb †be?
wb‡Z †K e‡j‡Q, Avwg †Zv PvBwQ wb‡Ri
e¨e¯’v Ki“b, A‡bK eQi †Zv nj|
Zv †Zv cvijvg bv, Avi Avcbv‡`iI
n‡q‡Q, cv‡qi Zjvq gvwU n‡q‡Q, Avgvi
Øviv Avi n‡e bv, †g‡qi we‡q †Q‡ji
†jLvcov, Ii Rb¨ †Zv wKQy †i‡L †h‡Z n‡e
†QvUevey|
bv _vK‡j ivL‡eb Kx?
ivL‡Z †Zv n‡e, Avcbviv I evwo‡Z
Avi hv‡eb bv, Avwg nvRvi c‡b‡iv w`w”Q,
Avcwb mB K‡i w`b|
mB K‡i †`e gv‡b?
Avwg KvMRcËi me †iwW K‡i G‡bwQ,
UvKv hZUv †c‡iwQ avi †avi K‡i wb‡q
G‡mwQ, Avcwb mB K‡i w`b, Avwg evwoUv
Avgvi IB †Q‡ji Rb¨ †i‡L hvB| ej‡Z
ej‡Z m‡š—vl PµeZ©x Zvi Kuv‡ai mvBW
e¨vM †_‡K dvBj †ei Kij| hZxb †`L‡Z
jvMj| dvBj Ly‡j ÷¨v¤ú †ccv‡i UvBc
Kiv KuvPv `wjj †ei Kij, Zvi w`‡K evwo‡q
w`j, wbb †QvUevey Avcwb mB K‡i w`b, Avwg
c‡b‡iv nvRvi w`w”Q, evwoUv G‡Kev‡i †c‡q
hvB|
c‡b‡iv nvRv‡i?
cvwLi eqm eQi †lvj, gva¨wgK w`‡q
GBPGm-G Xy‡K‡Q| GKv GKv ¯‹zj hvIqv
ïi“ K‡i‡Q| Zv‡`i RMrcy‡ii a~wjni
hLb Avi¤¢ n‡qwQj, eQi mvZ Av‡M,
ZLb cvwL †dvi cvi n‡q‡Q m‡e| Avðh©
jvMZ| GLb †m ey‡S‡Q RMrcy‡i a~wjni
wbg©vY Zvi evevi eo GKUv fyj| gvbyl
GKevi fyj Ki‡j Zv ms‡kvab Kiv KwVb
n‡q `uvovq|
Gi †ewk Avwg Kx ‡`e?
G‡b‡Qb?
nu¨v G‡bwQ| m‡š—vl PµeZ©xi gy‡L nvwm
dyUj, G‡bwQ †QvUevey|
hZxb nvm‡Z nvm‡Z ejj, IUv †Zv GB
KÕeQi _vKvi `vg, GK cqmvI †Zv †`bwb,
UvKv w`‡q `wjj †diZ wb‡q hvb|
Zvi gv‡b?
gv‡b eywS‡q w`‡Z n‡e, c‡b‡iv nvRv‡i
AZUv Rwg evwo nq?
gyn~‡Z© m‡š—vl PµeZ©x wm‡a n‡q †Mj|
hZxb †evanq mv‡ci †j‡RB cv †i‡L‡Q,
m‡š—vl ejj, Avwg wd«‡Z cvw”Q, UvKv †`e
†Kb, Avcwb G‡m evwoi `Lj wb‡q †bb,
A¨vB Ki“Yv Gw`K Avq, P|
hZxb wKQy ej‡ZB cvij bv| m‡š—v‡li
†ZR Lye| ejj, Avcbv‡`i A‡bK Av‡Q,
Av‡iv †nvK, †f‡m hvb UvKvq, wKš‘
P‡°vwˇi cvi‡eb bv, GLb †_‡K I evwo‡Z
cv w`‡ZB †`e bv, XyK‡ZB †`e bv, IUv
Avgvi evwo, Avgvi|
wZb.
QywUi w`bUv we¯^v` n‡q †Mj| evB‡i †gN
†m‡R‡Q Nb K‡i| †QvU d¬¨v‡Ui wfZ‡i
†g‡Ni AÜKvi G‡m Xy‡K‡Q| †Q‡j‡g‡qiv
eo n‡q‡Q, Zviv GLb wbwðš— n‡q‡Q †h
Zv‡`i †h‡Z n‡e bv RMrcy‡i| KjKvZvi
GLv‡b Zviv jvwjZ| KjKvZvq Zviv
cvwjZ| Zviv KjKvZv †Q‡o a~wjn‡i wdi‡e
†Kb? a~wjn‡ii m‡½ Zv‡`i †hvM †Kv_vq?
mvZ¶xiv c~e©e½‡K Zviv we‡`k e‡jB
Rv‡b|
†g‡q eo| †gŠUzwm WvK bvg cvwL,
wR‡Ám Kij, †jvKUv †h P‡j †Mj evev?
cvwLi eqm eQi †lvj, gva¨wgK w`‡q
GBPGm-G Xy‡K‡Q| GKv GKv ¯‹zj hvIqv
ïi“ K‡i‡Q| Zv‡`i RMrcy‡ii a~wjni hLb
Avi¤¢ n‡qwQj, eQi mvZ Av‡M, ZLb cvwL
†dvi cvi n‡q‡Q m‡e| Avðh© jvMZ| GLb
†m ey‡S‡Q RMrcy‡i a~wjni wbg©vY Zvi
evevi eo GKUv fyj| gvbyl GKevi fyj
Ki‡j Zv ms‡kvab Kiv KwVb n‡q `uvovq|
Kx iKg RMrcy‡ii †jvK¸‡jv| `yaKzgvi
iv‡R¨k¦iÑ nv nv K‡i nv‡m cÖvB‡fU wUDUi
ïfeªZ| ILv‡b wVK `yamvMi ¶ximvMi
Av‡Q cvwL, fvjB n‡e|
†K hvq ILv‡b, Avcwb hvb|
ïfeªZ e‡j, Zzwg †M‡j Avgv‡K †h‡Z
†Zv n‡eB|
†Kb †Kb?
†Zvgv‡K wdwR· †Kwgw÷ª cov‡e †K
ej, †KB-ev †Zvgv‡K KweZv co‡Z †`‡e?
ILv‡b wK gvbyl _v‡K bv?
†Kb _vK‡e bv, Zvn‡j `yaKzgv‡ii Kv‡Q
†cv‡ov|
cvwL wLjwLj K‡i nv‡m, e‡j, `yaKzgvi
ej‡Z Kx fvj jv‡M, bv?
†gv‡UB bv, `yaKzgvi iv‡R¨k¦i fMevbÑ
Gme ¯^vaxbZvi Av‡Mi bvg, K¬vB‡fi
Avg‡jiI ejv hvq|
Zv‡Z Kx n‡q‡Q, Avgvi †Zvgv‡K
`yaKzgvi ej‡ZÑ| cvwL Avi cv‡i bv|
KZw`b a‡i †Póv Ki‡Q Avcwb †_‡K Zzwg†Z bvg‡e, cvi‡QB bv| GK GKevi n‡q
hvIqvi ciBÑ Bm! †m mZK© n‡q I‡V|
e‡j, mvi, Avcbvi KweZv GK`g †evSv hvq
bv, GgwmG Ki‡Qb, mv‡qÝ mve‡R±
cov‡”Qb Avi KweZv wjL‡Qb|
†ek KiwQ, ZzwgI †jL|
Avwg cvwi bv `yaKzgvi m¨vi|
ZLb Kx Avðh© †Pv‡L ZvwK‡qwQj
ïfeªZ Zvi †gvUv Kv‡Pi Pkgvi wfZi
w`‡q| KZiK‡g Zvi AvKl©Y, mv‡qÝ
wdKkb, A¼, wdwR·, †Kwgw÷ªª Avevi
evsjvI| ebjZv †mb c‡oQ cvwL?
cvwL gv_v †b‡o‡Q, bv †Zv|
evwo‡Z †bB Rxebvb‡›`i eB?
Av‡Q, evev †Zv wjLZ KweZv|
Rvwb, wKš‘ †Zvgvi evev‡K †`‡L GK`g
g‡b nq bv wn BR Av †cv‡qU, g‡b nq
KweZv Dwb †P‡bb bv|
†P‡bb Lye †P‡bb|
†m †Zv Avwg Rvwb, Zzwg KL‡bv wKš‘
†ev‡jv bv Avwg KweZv wjwL|
Kx n‡e ej‡j?
Avgvi PvKwiwU hv‡e|
ej‡jB njÑ|
21
cvwLi Lye fvj jv‡M wUPvi‡K| wUPvi‡K
g‡b g‡b †m `yaKzgvi bvg w`‡q‡Q| †m
GKUv wPwV hw` †j‡L, wjL‡e `yaKzgvi
mviÑ| Avi wKQy fve‡Z cv‡i bv cvwL, Kvb
Suv Suv K‡i I‡V| bvmviÜ« ù‚wiZ nq| evev
me fyj K‡i‡Q, ILv‡b †KD _vK‡Z cv‡i
bv, wKš‘ evev ILvb †_‡K GKUv bvg G‡b
w`‡q‡Q cvwL‡K| g‡b g‡b †m R‡c `yaKzgvi
`yaKzgvi| `yaKzgvi bv G‡j cvwLi fvj jv‡M
bv|
cvwL evev‡K wR‡Ám Kij, †Kb
G‡mwQj `yaKzgvi?
KB `yaKzgvi? hZxb AevK, ejj, I
†Zv m‡š—vl PµeZ©x|
cvwL wRf KvUj| Bm! gyL w`‡q †ewi‡q
†Mj IB bvgUv| hw` †e‡ivZ ïfeªZ! GBP
Gm, Zvici R‡q›U GbUªvÝÑ cvwLi Uv‡M©U
A‡bK`~i, wKš‘ hw` `yaKzgvi _v‡K| hvK
†M! cvwL wR‡Ám Kij, P‡j †Mj nVvr?
hZxb ejj, gbUv Lvivc n‡q †Mj|
†Kb evev?
†jvKUv VKv‡Z G‡mwQj mvZmKv‡j,
VKjvg bv|
AevK n‡q evevi w`‡K ZvwK‡q _v‡K
cvwL| Bm evevi GB K_v hw` `yaKzgvi
ïbZ! `yaKzgvi `yaKzgvi Avgvi evev A™¢yZ|
†m wR‡Ám Kij, VK‡j †Zvgvi fvj jvMZ?
hZxb ejj, bv, Zv jvM‡e †Kb?
VK‡jI gb Lvivc nZ?
hZxb ejj, nu¨v|
Zvn‡j Zzwg Kx Ki‡e evev, †Zvgvi
`yaKzgvi‡K †`‡L Gm|
Pg‡K I‡V hZxb| mš—vb wK fMevb? me
gvby‡li wfZi fMevb _v‡K? gv‡b fMev‡bi
cÖvY _v‡K Avevi Ab¨ cuvPUv gvby‡li RvbI
_v‡K| fMev‡bi cÖvY w`‡q gvbyl mš—vb Av‡b
c„w_ex‡Z| cvwLi wfZ‡i Zv Av‡Q| cvwL wK
Zv‡K mZK© K‡i w`‡”Q? cvwL g‡b g‡b
†R‡b e‡m Av‡Q wVK| hZxb cÖm½ Nywi‡q
†`q, ejj, m‡š— v l PµeZ© x †jvKUv‡K
†`L‡j gvqv nq, ZvB bv?
nq, KxiKg fv‡e e‡mwQj †Zvgvi
mvg‡b!
Kx iKg?
eje evev, ejwQ, ejwQ, †hb KvQvwi‡Z
LvRbv w`‡Z G‡mwQj|
G Avevi Kx K_v?
LvRbv Av`v‡qi KvQvwi bv‡g GKUv eB
Av‡Q| wPb †`‡k wec−‡ei Av‡MÑ e‡j cvwL
†Ui cvq †Rivi gy‡L coj| eBUv Zv‡K Zvi
`yaKzgvi †`wL‡q wQj| `yaKzgv‡ii evev
†RjLvUv wec−ex| aiv c‡owQ‡jb myeY©‡iLv
Zx‡ii GK MÖv‡g| `yaKzgv‡ii Rb¥ Zvic‡i|
Zvi gv-evevi we‡q A‡bK eq‡m| Kx Avðh©
GK †cÖ‡gi K_v e‡j `yaKzgvi| gv
e‡mwQ‡jb evevi Rb¨| evevi gyw³ nj,
Zvici we‡q †mB 1982-†Z| gv PvKwi
22
Ki‡Zb GKUv B¯‹z‡j| evev wd‡i G‡m
KweZv Avi Mvb wb‡q _v‡Kb| `yaKzgv‡ii
evev e‡jb, wec−exi Aej¤^b n‡Z cv‡i GB
me, Avi wKQy bv|
Bm! ïay `yaKzgvi `yaKzgvi| Avm‡j †h
†m ïfeªZ| Zvi evev †`eeªZ| ïfeªZ n‡q
†Mj `yaKzgvi| gv‡qi wQj cÖvB‡fU B¯‹zj,
`ya †L‡q‡Q †m K‡e? Zey Zvi †Pnviv KZ
my›`i| `yaKzgvi `yaKzgvi|
hZxb wR‡Ám Kij, I eB GLb cvIqv
hvq?
mvi †`wL‡qwQ‡jb|
hZxb ejj, Lye fvj A¼ Rv‡b ZvB bv?
me mve‡R±B Rv‡b|
hZxb ejj, m‡š—vl PµeZ©x‡K †`‡L
†Zvi ZvB g‡b nj?
†Kb G‡mwQj evev, m‡½ IB ev”PvUv?
hZxb ZLb †evSv‡Z jvMj cvwL‡K|
ïb‡Z ïb‡Z cvwLi †PvL QjQj Ki‡Z
jvMj| †Ku‡`B †djj cvwL|
Kuv`wQm †Kb †g‡q? Kx nj †i †Zvi?
cvwL ejj, †g‡q‡`i wK †Kvb `vg †bB
evev|
ZvB wK †i nq, †`k Pvjv‡”Q †g‡qiv|
cvwL ejj, †Q‡ji Rb¨B evwoUv wKb‡Z
n‡e Iu‡K?
Kx Ki‡e ej?
cvwL †PvL gyQ‡Z gyQ‡Z ejj, Zzwg
w`‡qB w`‡Z cvi‡Z, I evwo‡Z †Zv Avgiv
Avi hve bv, Kx K‡i hve, _vK‡Z cvie
wM‡q?
hZxb †g‡qi w`‡K AevK n‡q ZvwK‡q
Av‡Q| GZ big Ii gb| GZ big n‡j wK
P‡j? wKš‘ Kuv`j wK †m m‡š—v‡li Avbv
`wj‡j mB K‡iwb ZvB, bvwK m‡š—vl Zvi
†g‡q‡`i Rb¨ wKb‡e bv Zv †R‡b?
cvwL ejj, `y‡UvB Lvivc †j‡M‡Q evev,
Zzwg w`‡qB `vI|
Iiv †Zv i‡q‡Q, Avwg Zzj‡Z hvw”Q bv|
wKš‘ evwoUv Ii †Q‡j †Zv cv‡e bv,
`iKv‡i Avgiv Zz‡j w`‡ZI cvwi B”Qv n‡j,
†m Avk¼v _vK‡e, Kx iKg ey‡ov Pvwli gZ
e‡mwQj evev, Rwg`v‡ii Kv‡Q LvRbv w`‡Z
G‡m‡Q †hb|
hZxb ejj, Av‡iv eo n eySwe, Avgvi
IB evwo †Zv Avwg †mj K‡i w`w”Q,
AvgZwjUv w`‡q †`e?
cvwL Gme wk‡L‡Q `yaKzgv‡ii Kv‡Q|
Zvi evev Mvb Mvq| KweZv †j‡L, Avi
wUDkvwb K‡i| PvKwi nqwb| gv‡qi Av‡q
msmvi P‡j| `yaKzgvi Lye Kó K‡i eo
n‡q‡Q| mvB‡K‡j KjKvZv P‡°vi w`‡q
†eovq| evm fvov GK cqmvI LiP K‡i
bv| Zvi gv-evevi gb †mI †c‡q‡Q| cvwL
Ii K_v ïb‡Z ïb‡Z Ii gZ n‡q hv‡”Q|
Zvi GLb g‡b n‡”Q gvbyl‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv
DwPZ| gvby‡li cv‡k `uvov‡bv DwPZ| Z¨vM
Kiv DwPZ| G‡Z Zvi wb‡RiI fvj n‡e|
cvwL Zvi evevi cv‡k D‡V Gj, Zzwg I‡K
w`‡q `vI|
†jvKUv Lye PZzi, AvPgKv G‡m ej‡Q
`wj‡j mB K‡i w`‡Z|
†eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ gvbyl‡K GiKg n‡Z
nq| cvwL K_vUv e‡j †d‡jB eySj GK_v
Zvi bq, `yaKzgv‡ii| Kx cÖm‡½ K‡e
e‡jwQj ïfeªZ m¨viÑ `yaKzgvi| Zvi g‡b
†Mu‡_ wM‡qwQj| `yaKzgvi `yaKzgvi| fvj
fvj K_v KZ e‡j| me hZœ K‡i †i‡L †`q
cvwL|
hZxb †n‡m ejj, wVK e‡jwQm, ZzB †Zv
†`LwQ eo n‡q †Mwj|
evn eo n‡j eo ne bv?
Zv †Zv nwe! hZxb K_vUv e‡j Ab¨gb¯‹
n‡q †Mj| m‡š—vl PµeZ©x GLb †Mj
†Kv_vq? ZvivgÊj? †Q‡j‡K AvKvk fiv
m~h©Zviv †`Lv‡e| Zvici e¨_©Zv e‡j evwo
wdi‡e| bvwK GLbB wd‡i hv‡e evwo‡Z? †m
ejj, Kx Kie ej †`wL?
w`‡qB `vI, Z¨vM Ki‡j bv nq|
Gme ZzB K‡e wkLwj?
cvwL mZK© nj| `yaKzgv‡ii Kv‡Q †kvbv
K_v¸‡jv Avi ej‡e bv| wKš‘ Zvi †Vuv‡U
G‡m hv‡”Q †h| Kx Ki‡e †m? ejj, evev,
hv‡`i Av‡Q Zviv hw` bv †`q, Mwieiv †K‡o
†bq|
nv nv K‡i nvmj hZxb, ejj, `vi“Y
e‡jwQm †i, †`‡L hvI †g‡q †Zvgvi eo n‡q
†M‡Q, GZ gnvZ¥v MvÜxi c_, wKš‘ †KD wK
Qvo‡Z Pvq, hv‡`i Av‡Q Zviv Z¨vM Ki‡e
†Kb?
cvwL ejj, Zvn‡j gvbyl wnsmvq hv‡e|
wnsmv wK fvj?
fvj bv evev, wKš‘ bv †c‡Z †c‡Z ZvB
†Zv nq|
myZivs m‡š—vl PµeZ©x‡K evwoUv w`‡q
w`‡Z n‡e, Zvn‡j IB iv‡R¨‡KI w`‡q w`
evwoUv, Ii †Zv Agb evwo †bB|
cvwL ejj, evev Avgvi Kó nj ZvB
e‡jwQ, Avwg Avi wKQy eje bv †Zvgv‡K|
ej‡Z ej‡Z nuvUj †g‡q| hZxb nvmj g‡b
g‡b| †m wK eyS‡Z cvi‡Q bv, Zvi gb †Ui
cv‡”Q bv wK me, GB me K_v wK Ggwb ejj
cvwL?
cvwL †dvb a‡i‡Q IN‡i| Kvi †dvb?
m¨vi m¨vi ej‡Q| Zvi gv‡b ïfeªZi| A™¢yZ
†Q‡j| mvB‡K‡j GLvb †_‡K Gqvi‡cvU©
hvq, Avevi Gqvi‡cvU© †_‡K wkqvj`vI
hvq| RMrcy‡ii fMevb †hgb AvUPwj−k
NÈv mvB‡K‡j GI w`‡b cuvP Q NÈv †Zv
e‡UB| †ewk Qvov Kg bv| hZxb eySj,
Gme IB wUPv‡ii wk¶v| †m Pvqwb AZ Kg
eq‡mi KvD‡K ivL‡Z, wKš‘ ïfeªZi †Zv
bvg Av‡Q wUPvi wn‡m‡e| `k RvqMvq
wUDkwb K‡i †eovq| Ii QvÎQvÎxiv
†iRvëI fvj K‡i| hZxb fvej †g‡qi
K_vq Kvb cv‡Z| Mjvi ¯^i KZ bvwg‡q K_v
ej‡Q GLb cvwL| hZxb fvej, †kv‡b
†g‡qi K_v, evev wn‡m‡e mZK© nIqv †Zv
`iKvi| Zvici fvej mZK© n‡q †m Kx
Ki‡e? GB eq‡m †mI wK wb‡R‡K AvUKv‡Z
cvij? Avi G †Zv nvIqv fiv †mvbvwj
mܨvi K_v| G †Zv †mvbvi eiwb †g‡qi
K_v| Zvi Kb¨vwU Kx my›`i! AZ big gb
Ii!
hZxb eD‡K WvKj, ï‡b hv‡e cvwL Kx
ej‡Q|
P›`bv Gj AuvP‡j nvZ gyQ‡Z gyQ‡Z|
M¨vm I‡f‡bi mvg‡b `uvwo‡q Zvi gyL jvj|
Kcv‡j Nvgwe›`y, ejj, nVvr P‡j †Mj †h?
hZxb ejj, ïb‡e?
ïbj P›`bv, ejj, Avgv‡K WvK‡j bv
†Kb, ev”PvUv mKv‡j Gj, bv †L‡q †Mj,
Zzwg †Kb Kov K‡i ej‡j?
Kx eje?
c‡i Avm‡Z|
bvwK cvwLi gZ eje evwoUv w`‡q
w`‡Z|
I wVK e‡jwb ejQ, wKš‘ Agb K_v
ej‡Z †Zv †c‡i‡Q|
hZxb ejj, nu¨v †c‡i‡Q|
Ggb gb †Zv mevi nq bv|
Avgvi VvKz`©v `yM©v`v‡mi wQj, eveviI
wQj|
Zuviv Ii wfZ‡i Av‡Qb|
hZxb ejj, Kx Kie?
wKQyB Ki‡Z n‡e bv, Zzj‡ZI n‡e bv
Avevi †iwRw÷ª K‡i UvKvI wb‡Z n‡e bv|
hZxb eySj Ggb GKUv wm×vš— Zviv
Abvqv‡m wb‡q wbj| †g‡q n‡q‡Q gv‡qi
gZ| P›`bvi gb Av‡Q| `yÕRb GKiKg,
Avi †m Ab¨iKg| †`‡e bvwK iv‡Rk
wÎcvVx‡K ewm‡q| _vKzb|
cvwL Gj, ejj, evev Avwg GKUz
RMrcyi hve, a~wjni|
†Kb, I evwo †Zv ivLe bv|
ivL‡e bv ZvB hve `yaKzgvi‡K †`L‡Z|
`yaKzgvi| †`wLmwb?
bv †Zv K‡e †`Ljvg?
G evwo †Zv G‡mwQj|
Avwg wQjvg bv|
hZxb ejj, Zv‡K wK †`Lvi gZ,
†`L‡j fq cvwe|
cvwL †n‡m ejj, ZvB wK nq `yaKzgvi
e‡j K_v|
hZxb nv nv K‡i nvmj, IB R‡b¨?
cvMwj! `yaKzgvi‡K Avwg †W‡K cvVvw”Q|
z
cieZx© msL¨vq
Agi wgÎ
cwðge‡½i RbwcÖq K_vmvwnwZ¨K
23
KweZvKweZvKweZv
KweZvKweZvKweZv
KweZvKweZvKweZv
KweZvKweZvKweZv
cuwP‡k ˆekvL
KvwZ©K †m‡`K
cuwP‡k ˆekvL Rb¥ w`b G‡j
eKzj Kzuwoi gvjv †Mu‡_
A‡c¶v Kwi Li †ivÏy‡i
P›`b cy‡®ú Avwei †g‡N
†Zvgvi AnsKv‡i
Zzwg AvQ wkgyj cjvk dz‡j
GB w`‡b mva©kZel© c‡iI
A‡jŠwKK wg_ n‡q
ü`‡qi DòZvq
K„òP~ovi gZ dz‡U AvQ AvRI
AvgviB N‡i|
eiev`
`yM©v`vm wg`¨v
Adziš— mgq Avgvi nv‡Z †bB
†hUzKz mgq cvBÑ
ZvB Kv‡R jvMv‡Z PvB e‡jBÑ
†Rv‡i †Rv‡i †nu‡U hvB
hw` †Kvbfv‡e †cuŠ‡Q hvB
Zvi Kv‡Q, hvi Kv‡Q
Rxeb-me©v½ cY Kiv Av‡Q|
nZvkv hLb †c‡q e‡m
ZLb dz‡ji Kv‡Q hvBÑ
A_ev †gŠgvwQ‡`i Kv‡Q
wbweo wbix¶‡Y †`wL
Zviv †Kgb e¨¯— _v‡K
wb‡R‡`i Kv‡R| dzj
†m‡Zv K…cYZv K‡i bv,
MÜ wewj‡q K…Zv_© nq
†gŠgvwQ e¨¯— _v‡K
Avcb K‡g© evwo‡q P‡j
Amg‡qi mÂq, GivB
euvP‡Z Rv‡b A_P
G‡`i K_v Avgiv fy‡j
_vwK Áv‡b-AÁv‡b
ZvB me wKQy eiev`
n‡q hvq| nZvkv G‡m
_vev emvq ¸wU¸wU cvq|
`yM©v`vm wg`¨v cwðge‡½i Kwe
KvwZ©K †gv`K cwðge‡½i Kwe
wec−e, †cÖg Ges Avwg
nvmvb Avn‡g` wPkZx
Rxe‡bi `xN© cwiµgvq coš— we‡K‡ji †mB Av‡jv
†hŠe‡bi D”Q¡v‡m gvqvex †RvQ&bv n‡q
GL‡bv ey‡Ki †fZ‡i Nb Kzqvkvi Rb¥ †`q|
†Kvb GKw`b fvjevmvi wec−‡e AbyivavI mv_x n‡e
G wek¦vm GL‡bv mybvgxi gZ †cÖwgK ü`‡q fv‡m
wd‡i wd‡i †mB w`b †Kb Rvwb AveviI Av‡m
†hgb G‡mwQj fvlvi wec−e, ¯^vaxbZvi wec−e
Õ47, Õ52 I Õ71mn eû wewe³ mgq †i‡L‡Q bwRi|
b¶‡Îi †fZ‡i w`M‡š— ¯§„wZi dzj`vwb‡Z mvRv‡bv
BwZnvm Kvj© gvK©m, †jwjb, gvI †mZzs Avi MÜxi
Awnsm bxwZ wec−‡e †cÖ‡gi †h †dw÷f¨vj †i‡L‡Q
†m †Zv AvRI ewjwfqvi R½‡j †P ¸‡qfvivi DËv‡c
Abš— Av‡qvRb †Zvgv‡K Wv‡K, Avgv‡K Wv‡K Avi
e‡j hvq gyw³Kvgx mnmª gvby‡li wec−‡ei †P‡q
eo †cÖg Avi wKQz‡ZB †bB|
24
K¬vmIqvK©
†ingvb wmwÏK
†cw݇ji cÖvš— †_‡K †ewi‡q †bŠKvwU
P‡j †Mj we‡j
mij †iLvwUI Qy‡U †Mj wcQy wcQy
jvj-mv`v we›`y-†duvUv _B_B wej
eµ‡iLv wbgw¾Z Mfxi eY©nx‡b
ivwk-ivwk dzUš— we›`yi nvZQvwb
Avi A_B Mfx‡i jywK‡q _vKv ¸ßa‡bi †gvn
Zv bv n‡j Kx A¼LvZvi c„ôv †_‡K
Gfv‡e †KD cvwj‡q Av‡m
Aš—nxb we›`yi nvwm wb‡q †bŠKvwU wdi‡Q
m‡½ gwbgy‡³vi wSwjK
mevB Avcvi we¯§‡q ZvwK‡q Av‡Q
K¬vmIqvK© †`Lv‡Z-bv-cviv †Q‡jwU
fxlY gvi †L‡qI †Kej nvm‡Q
KweZvKweZvKweZv KweZvKweZvKweZv
KweZvKweZvKweZv KweZvKweZvKweZv
Avkvev`
Avmjvg mvbx
GKw`b Avgv‡`i wPi mZ¨-my›`i
¯^‡cœi K_v¸‡jv KweZv n‡e,
A‡bK e„wói ci †iŠ‡`ªi mKvj †hgbÑ
`ycyi nq, `ycyi¸‡jv m~‡h©i Mí
ïb‡Z ïb‡Z w`b ¸b‡Z ¸b‡Z
`ycyi †cwi‡q we‡Kj Ges GKmgq
cvwLiv wd‡i G‡j bx‡o †Pbv wVKvbvq,
AvKv‡ki K¨vbfv‡m muv‡Si ewY©j Qwe
†`L‡Z Qy‡U Av‡m Puv`-j¾veZx Zviviv
jvRyK †Pv‡L Pvq Avi Bkvivq
iv‡Zi m¨vjyj‡q‡W †kªô c~Y©‰`N©¨ Pjw”PÎ n‡q
Avgv‡`i ïfev‡`i Rxeb‡ev‡ai
gnvKvj iP‡e GB c„w_ex,
†mLv‡b K_v-myi-Kvwnbx welqvlq
me wKQy KvjRqx wPÎKí n‡e
DcRxe¨ n‡e gvbyl,
Rxeb Avi g„Zz¨i inm¨‡Niv
¯§„wZgq-cÖxwZgq GK wkíb›`b BwZnvm
wbðq wbðq iwPZ n‡eÑ mvw¶ enb Ki‡e
Avgv‡`i Pvi“-Kvi“Kjv I ¯’vcZ¨
GKw`b Avgv‡`i me `ytL kvwš—i Mvb n‡eÑ kvwš—i Mvb|
Ab¨iKg mgq wfbœiKg mgq
ˆmq` wkwki
bZzb mg‡qi nv‡Z nvZ ivL‡ZB
Rxe‡bi cÖwZc¶Ñ AZx‡Zi fvOPzi|
bv, mg‡qi mv‡_ Avgvi mL¨Ñ
†bkv ev †ckv †KvbwUB bq|
mg‡qi Mí ï‡bÑ
mg‡qi cÖ‡qvR‡b mg‡qi ey‡K
wg‡kwQjvg kvš— Auvav‡i|
Avwg mg‡qi Avcb n‡Z PvB‡jI
mgq Avgvi Avcb n‡Z Pvqwb,
eZ©gvb I fwel¨r fy‡j mgq gMœ wQjÑ
AZxZ fvebvq|
AvPgKv cvwj‡q †Mj mgq,
mg‡qi †VuvU AvR †gvevB‡j `ytL Qovq|
AvR Avgvi B‡”Q K‡i
mg‡qi †PvL‡Rvov mvg‡b †c‡Z,
AvR Avgvi B‡”Q K‡i
mg‡qi dmj‡K ey‡K †c‡Z|
mvw¶
w`kv P‡Ævcva¨vq
Pzwc Pzwc mܨv †b‡g G‡j
†Zvgv‡K cv‡k †c‡Z PvB
Gi †ewk wKQy bq|
Mv‡Q Mv‡Q ¯^cœ †ev‡b Puv`
Zzwg-Avwg †R¨vrøvq †f‡m hvB
Gi †ewk wKQy bq|
Avgiv cÖ_g †_‡K AvRI
mܨv n‡j
Rj‡K mvw¶ ivwL
Pzwc Pzwc mܨv †b‡g G‡j
†Zvgv‡K cv‡k †c‡Z PvB
Gi †ewk wKQy bq !!
w`kv P‡Ævcva¨vq cwðge‡½i Kwe
Ab¨Zg ΓwU
mv‡jn gvngy` wiqv`
gvbyl Av`‡Z †Kvb wkíLÊ bq
cy‡®úi MÜcvc gvby‡li A‡gvN wbqwZ
gvby‡li RjKYv n‡Z cv‡i
i³ ev AviwZ
gvby‡li µ›`b jyUcvU wRNvsmvi `vb
gvbyl MwYZ Rv‡b
gvÎv‡ev‡a †m-B †Zv cÖavb
GKR‡b¥ wnmv‡ei wbcyY Kiv‡Z
KvU‡Z cv‡i wbR¯^ K‡ivwU
G cÖRvwZ †Kvbw`b †f‡e‡Q wK
Rb¥UvB n‡”Q Zvi Ab¨Zg ΓwU?
25
Ô†M¨‡Ui Ab¨vb¨ †jLvi
m‡½ cwiwPwZ bv _vK‡jI
Zuvi wbe©vwPZ wKQy KweZv
c‡oB †M¨‡Ui wekvjZ¡
†g‡b †bIqv hvq|
†mBfv‡eB, GB MÖx‡®§
Avgv‡`i nv‡Z iex›`ªbv‡_i
†h KweZv¸‡jv †cuŠ‡Q‡Q
†m¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Avgiv
wbwðZfv‡e ej‡Z cvwi,
GB †jLv¸wji ga¨ w`‡q
Avgv‡`i mgqKvi me©‡kªô
GK Kwe‡K Avgiv Rvb‡Z
†c‡iwQ| Zxeª Abyf~wZ
wb‡q KweZv¸‡jv cvV
K‡iwQ, Ges ej‡Z cvwi,
†ek K‡qK `k‡Ki g‡a¨
Kve¨mvwn‡Z¨ G¸‡jvi Zzj¨
wKQy cvBwb| KweZv¸‡jvi
m‡½ †h mgqKvj
KvwU‡qwQ, Zv Avgvi Kv‡Q
we‡kl g~j¨evb, †hb Avwg
¯^”Q I SiS‡i GK
Sibvi Rj cvb Kivi
my‡hvM †c‡qwQ|Õ
cÖeÜ
myB‡W‡b iex›`ªbv_
Ijvwf †nwgjv
1890-Gi `kK †_‡K myB‡W‡bi BwZnvm Rvbvi Ges myBwWk RvwZmËv‡K cÖKvk Kivi we‡kl Drmvn
†`Lv †`q| ewnR©Mr m¤ú‡K© we‡kl AvMÖnI GB mgqKvi GK ˆewkó¨| ZLb, we‡`kx wkí-ms¯‹…wZi m‡½
hy³ ¯^cœ¸‡jv mgmvgwqK RwUjZvi AveZ© †_‡K gyw³ cvIqvi c_wb‡`©k KiZ| iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii
†jLv¸wj‡K GB Av‡jv‡K †`L‡j Zvi cÖvmw½KZv †evSv hvq| hLb GKw`‡K Avk¼v nw”Qj cwðgx
`ywbqv UzK‡iv UzK‡iv n‡q hv‡e Ges Aciw`‡K eo eo wkí w`‡q ˆZwi e¨e¯’vwU‡K g‡b nw”Qj KvbvMwj,
†m mg‡q iex›`ªbv_ †hb GK nvwi‡q hvIqv ¯^‡M© wd‡i hvIqvi cÖwZkÖ“wZ enb K‡i Avb‡jb| myBwWk
†jLK Anders Osterling Zuvi ågYMÖš’ A Breath of India (1923)-†Z †mB cwiw¯’wZi K_vB
cÖKvk K‡iwQ‡jbÑ
cwð‡gi mvwn‡Z¨i Ici ewl©Z n‡q P‡j‡Q e„nr wk‡íi SzjKvwj| †mLv‡b Avi †Kvb ¯^cœ‡`Lv-gvbyl
ïåZv i¶v Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| iex›`ªbv‡_i †jLv Zvi gv‡S Aek¨B cÖ_g MÖx‡®§i Elvi GK Acvw_©e
Abyf~wZ G‡b †`qÑ G †hb †fv‡iiI c~‡e©i GK †fvi †hLv‡b Avgiv ¯^”Q cÖK…wZi gv‡S wePiY Ki‡Z
cvwi, †hLv‡b m~‡h©i GK A`„óc~e© Aw¯—Z¡‡K Abyfe Kiv hvq|Õ
26
†bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi jv‡fi ci cwð‡gi
mdi¸wj‡Z iex›`ªbv_ ivRvi gZ msea©bv
jvf K‡ib| Zuvi e¨w³Z¡‡K wN‡i †h Db¥v`bv
m„wó n‡qwQj Zv ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q kZvãxi
†klfv‡M gnwl© g‡nk †hvMx ev `vjvB
jvgv‡K wb‡q cÖPvi gva¨‡gi wecyj cÖPv‡ii
K_v| hLbB Ab¨vb¨ ms¯‹…wZi m‡½ cwð‡gi
ms¯‹…wZi mswgkªY n‡q‡Q ZLbB cÖvP¨`k©‡bi
cÖwZf~¯^iƒc Gme Aby‡cÖiYv `vbKvix
e¨w³Z¡iv m‡e©v”P ¸i“Z¡ jvf K‡i‡Qb|
1921 Ges 1926, `yÕev‡ii md‡iB
myB‡W‡b iex›`ªbv_‡K Dò Af¨_©bv †`Iqv
n‡qwQj| Aek¨ Zuvi cÖwZ AvMÖn wQj
Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e ¯^í¯’vqx| †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi
cÖvwßi ci †_‡K 1920-i `k‡Ki †kl fvM
ch©š— iex›`ªbv‡_i †jLvi Abyev‡`i aviv
A¶zYœ wQj| Gici iex›`ªbv‡_i RbwcÖqZv
K‡g hvq Ges Zvici cÖvq cy‡ivcywi D‡e
hvq| The World Beyond the West
(1988) MÖ‡š’ myBwWk BwZnvmwe` Ave
Holmberg iex›`ªbv‡_i †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi
cÖvwßi ci fviZel© wb‡q GKwU †bwZevPK
g~j¨vqb K‡i‡Qb:
iex›`ªbv_ wQ‡jb myB‡W‡bi GKwU
ch©vq| m¤§vbm~PK fvlYce© †kl n‡ZB
mewKQy cybivq ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’vq wd‡i
†Mj Avi cÖvP¨ m¤ú‡K© wkw_j J`vmxb¨
MÖvm Kij mewKQy‡K| cwð‡gi
MYgvb‡m ZzwK©, cviwmK Ges
fviZxq‡`i m¤ú‡K© GKwU aviYv wQj
†h, Giv bevMZ wPš—vfvebv‡K Aei“×
K‡i iv‡L| Zvi †_‡K cwð‡gi GB
aviYv R‡b¥wQj †h, cÖvP¨ cÖZx‡P¨i KvQ
†_‡K †Kvb wKQy wkL‡Z A¶g|Õ
wbw®Œq Ges Roer cÖv‡P¨i aviYv eûw`‡bi|
Aek¨ Gi cvkvcvwk G aviYvI wQj †h,
fviZel© Ggb GK myD”P Ava¨vwZ¥K
ms¯‹…wZi evnK hv cwð‡gi Aw¯’i ms¯‹…wZ
†_‡K DbœZ| G aviYviI `xN© BwZnvm Av‡Q
Ges 1990-Gi †kl w`‡K †ek †Rv‡ii
m‡½B aviYvwU wd‡i Av‡m|
kZvãx cwieZ©‡bi m‡½ m‡½
RvZxqZvev`x mxgv‡iLv¸wj †h-me cÖwµqvi
ga¨ w`‡q gy‡Q hvw”Qj, †m-me cÖwµqvi
m‡½B iex›`ªbv‡_i RxebcÖwµqv RwoZ|
iex›`ªbv_ cÖ_gevi Bsj¨v‡Û hvb 1878
mv‡j| 1890-G wØZxqevi Bsj¨v‡Û
evmKv‡j iex›`ªbv‡_i g‡b c~e©-cwð‡gi
mgš^‡qi aviYv weKvk jvf K‡i| 1905-G
hLb weªwUkwe‡ivax g‡bvfve evsjvq cÖej
n‡q I‡V, †mB mgqKv‡j iex›`ªbv‡_i
Bs‡iR ms¯‹…wZi cÖwZ kª×v n«vm †c‡Z _v‡K|
wKQy KweZv wb‡q wZwb 1912 mv‡j
Av‡iKevi BD‡ivc md‡i hvb| AmyL †_‡K
†m‡i IVvi ci KweZv¸wj †jLv| wZwb
wb‡RB KweZv¸wj Bs‡iwR‡Z Abyev` K‡ib
Ges msKjbwUi bvg †`b MxZvÄwj| jÛ‡bi
mvs¯‹…wZK RM‡Zi m‡½ iex›`ªbv‡_i cwiPq
nq| Avjvc nq AvBwik Kwe-bvU¨Kvi
William Butler Yeats-Gi m‡½| c‡i
Yeats MxZvÄwji cÖksmvm~PK GK gyLeÜ
†j‡Lb| eBwU cÖKvwkZ nq 1913-i gv‡P©
Ges `kevi cybg©yw`ªZ nIqvi ci
iex›`ªbv_‡K †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi †`Iqv nq
1913-i b‡f¤^‡i|
T. Sturge Moore bv‡g GK
Bs‡i‡Ri KvQ †_‡K †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi
cÖ`v‡bi cÖ_vm¤§Z cÖ¯—vewU Av‡m| Moore
wQ‡jb jÛ‡bi Royal Society of
Literature-Gi m`m¨| Aek¨ MooreGi cÖ¯—vewU‡Z we¯—„Z Aby‡cÖiYvg~jK
we‡k−lY wQj bv| Gi d‡j, hvi Ici
we‡kl‡Ái gZ cÖ¯‘Z Kivi fvi c‡o,
ZrKvjxb †mB A¨vKv‡Wwg m¤úv`K Per
Hallstrom Amyweavq c‡o hvb| GiKg
`yÕwU gZvgZ myBwWk A¨vK‡Wwgi
÷K‡nv‡gi msi¶Ykvjvq iw¶Z i‡q‡Q|
cÖ_gwU 1913-i GwcÖj gv‡mi| †mUv †_‡K
Rvbv hvq Hallstrom fviZxq mvwnZ¨
m¤^‡Ü †Zgb wek` wKQy Rvb‡Zb bv| ag©xq
wel‡q we‡kl AvMÖ‡ni Kvi‡Y iex›`ªbv_ Ges
St. Francis of Assisi-i g‡a¨ mv`„k¨
j¶ Kiv nq| MxZvÄwji KweZv¸‡jv Gi
wfwˇZ iwPZ aviYv †_‡K MxZvÄwji
KweZv¸wj‡K K¨v_wjK AZxw›`ªqZv Ges
evB‡e‡ji Song of Solomon-Gi m‡½
Zzjbv Kiv n‡qwQj| Hallstrom
iex›`ªbv‡_i KweZvi g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z
Awb”QyK wQ‡jb: LuvwU ag©xq KweZv‡K Avw_©K
cyi¯‹vi cÖ`vb KivUv avZwei“× e‡j g‡b
n‡”Q|Õ
Aci gZvgZwU A‡bK wek`|
iex›`ªbv‡_i KweZvi ag©xq cÖeYZvi w`‡KB
me‡P‡q †ewk bRi †`Iqv n‡q‡Q: ÔcÖwZwU
KweZvB GKai‡bi cÖv_©bv Ges mvgÄm¨ I
H‡K¨i GK mw¤§jbÑ G‡K †KD GK‡Nu‡q
ej‡Z cv‡ib, Zvn‡j Aek¨ Zuv‡K Ggb me
Kve¨m„wó‡KB evwZj Ki‡Z nq †hLv‡b Kve¨
Zvi Ck¦‡ii g‡a¨ bZzb †Kvb wKQy LyuR‡Z
Pvq bv|Õ
B‡Zvg‡a¨ †bv‡ej KwgwU 1913 mv‡j
jÛ‡b cÖKvwkZ The Gardener Kve¨MÖš’
Ges Sadhana cÖeܸ”Q `yÕ‡UvB nv‡Z
†c‡q‡Q| Z‡e, iex›`ªbv_ ag©xq mvgvwRK I
ivR‰bwZK †Muvovwgi wei“‡× †hme
mgv‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb, †m¸‡jvi †KvbUvB
Zviv Rvb‡Z cv‡iwb| KwgwUi aviYvg‡Z
iex›`ªbv‡_i KweZv¸wj wQj ÔGK
Abb¨mvaviY we¯§qÕ| †bv‡ej KwgwU hZUv
m¤¢e wePvi-we‡ePbvcÖm~Z AwfgZ PvBwQj|
Zviv ÔZuvi Kv‡Ri ci‡`kx ˆewPΨÕ, Zuvi
cwðgx f³‡`i cwiwPZÕ ev Ôw`e¨‡cÖiYvev`x
AZz¨rmvnx‡`i cÖPviÕ Øviv evavcÖvß n‡Z
PvBwQj bv| ZeyI iex›`ªbv‡_i fvev`‡k©i
myBwWk A¨vKv‡Wwgi mvwn‡Z¨i w`Mš—
‡K AviI we¯—„Z Kivi Awfjvl wQj
wKš‘ †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi msµvš— e¨vcvi
†_‡K †evSv hvq, fviZxq mvwnZ¨
m¤ú‡K© A¨vKv‡Wwgi Ávb wQj
mxwgZ| ïaygvÎ ¯^K…Z Abyev‡`i
wfwˇZB iex›`ªbv_‡K †bv‡ej
cyi¯‹vi †`Iqv nq; iex›`ªbv‡_i
Ab¨vb¨ †jLv m¤ú‡K© †Kvb
we‡kl‡Ái m‡½ civgk© Kiv nqwb|
Zviv AKzÉ cÖksmv K‡i‡Qb| †mB aviYv
†_‡K iex›`ªbv‡_i †jLv‡K Ôgigx ag©vPi‡Yi
wb`k©bÕ ejv n‡q‡Q| iex›`ªbv_ Ô†evavZxZ
Drm †_‡K wbM©Z gnr Av`‡k©i cÖwZ wek¦vm
wb‡q cÖK…wZi fvlv ïb‡QbÕ, Ges Zuvi Ck¦i
Avivabv‡K eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q ÔGK we‡kl
ai‡bi bv›`wbK Avw¯—KZvÕ e‡j|
myBwWk A¨vKv‡Wwgi mvwn‡Z¨i w`Mš—‡K
AviI we¯—„Z Kivi Awfjvl wQj wKš‘ †bv‡ej
cyi¯‹vi msµvš— e¨vcvi †_‡K †evSv hvq,
fviZxq mvwnZ¨ m¤ú‡K© A¨vKv‡Wwgi Ávb
wQj mxwgZ| ïaygvÎ ¯^K…Z Abyev‡`i
wfwˇZB iex›`ªbv_‡K †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi
†`Iqv nq; iex›`ªbv‡_i Ab¨vb¨ †jLv
m¤ú‡K© †Kvb we‡kl‡Ái m‡½ civgk© Kiv
nqwb| KwgwUi GKRb m`‡m¨i evsjvi Ici
fvj `Lj wQj, wKš‘ hZ`~i Rvbv hvq, Zuvi
mnvqZv †bIqv nqwb|
†jLK Verner von Heidenstam
(whwb wb‡RB c‡i 1916 mv‡j †bv‡ej
cyi¯‹vi cvb) me‡P‡q AvMÖn wb‡q
Ôiex›`ªbv_‡K cyi¯‹vi †`Iqv DwPZÕÑ G g‡g©
gZ cÖPvi K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb A¨vKv‡Wwgi
Kv‡Q GKwU we‡kl AwfgZ †ck
K‡iwQ‡jb| Hallstrom Rvg©vb Kwe
Wolfgang von Goethe-†K Av`k©
wn‡m‡e Zz‡j a‡ib:
Ô†M¨‡Ui Ab¨vb¨ †jLvi m‡½ cwiwPwZ bv
_vK‡jI Zuvi wbe©vwPZ wKQy KweZv c‡oB
†M¨‡Ui wekvjZ¡ †g‡b †bIqv hvq|
†mBfv‡eB, GB MÖx‡®§ Avgv‡`i nv‡Z
iex›`ªbv‡_i †h KweZv¸‡jv †cuŠ‡Q‡Q
†m¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Avgiv wbwðZfv‡e
ej‡Z cvwi, GB †jLv¸wji ga¨ w`‡q
Avgv‡`i mgqKvi me©‡kªô GK Kwe‡K
Avgiv Rvb‡Z †c‡iwQ| Zxeª Abyf~wZ
wb‡q KweZv¸‡jv cvV K‡iwQ, Ges
ej‡Z cvwi, †ek K‡qK `k‡Ki g‡a¨
Kve¨mvwn‡Z¨ G¸‡jvi Zzj¨ wKQy cvBwb|
KweZv¸‡jvi m‡½ †h mgqKvj
KvwU‡qwQ, Zv Avgvi Kv‡Q we‡kl
g~j¨evb, †hb Avwg ¯^”Q I SiS‡i GK
27
ÔhyeK iex›`ªbv_ Zuv‡`i evwoi evMv‡b
NÈvi civ NÈv a¨vbgMœfv‡e w¯’i n‡q
e‡m _vK‡Zb| KvVweovjxiv Zuvi
Kuv‡a jvwd‡q †eovZ Avi mKv‡ji
cvwLiv G‡m emZ Zuvi Mv‡q-gv_vq|
evwo‡Z wZwb mvwnZ¨ msMx‡Z cwie„Z
_vK‡Zb Avi Dcwbl` I Ab¨vb¨
cÖvPxb fviZxq ag©xq kv‡¯¿i cÖwZ Zuvi
Mfxi cÖxwZ wQj|...Õ
Sibvi Rj cvb Kivi my‡hvM †c‡qwQ|Õ
Heidenstam e‡j‡Qb, wZwb 1913-i
MÖx‡®§ iex›`ªbv‡_i KweZv¸‡jv nv‡Z cvb|
†h MxZvÄwji K_v GLv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q †mwU
Bs‡iwR †_‡K myBwW‡k Abyev` K‡iwQ‡jb
†jwLKv Andrea Butenschon|
Heidenstam-Gi Ici †jLv GK wbe‡Ü
wZwb Rvwb‡q‡Qb wKfv‡e em‡š—i †Mvovq
Zuv‡K jÛ‡b Indian Society †_‡K eBwU
cvVv‡bv n‡qwQj| Butenschon ZLb
Heidenstam-Gi ¯¿x Greta-†K †dvb
K‡ib| Heidenstam-`¤úwZ ZLb Zuv‡`i
Lake Vattern-Gi cvk¦©eZ©x Naddo-†Z
Zuv‡`i MÖx®§vev‡m wQ‡jb| Gici
Butenschon-Gi m‡½ K_v ej‡Z Pvb
Heidenstam|
Heidenstam wRÁvmv K‡ib, Avwg
GK Abb¨mvaviY fviZxq Kwe m¤ú‡K© wKQy
Rvwb wK bv| Dwb wVK-bvgUv g‡b Ki‡Z
cviwQ‡jb bv| Avwg wRÁvmv Kijvg, Dwb
iex›`ªbv_‡K †evSv‡Z PvB‡Qb wK bv|
Heidenstam Rvbvb nu¨v, IB bvgB|
gvm`y‡qK Av‡MB Avwg jÛ‡bi Indian
Society †_‡K Bs‡iwR‡Z Ab~w`Z Kwei
MxZvÄwj eBwU †c‡qwQjvg Ges KweZv¸‡jv
c‡o GK`g †gvwnZ n‡q wM‡qwQjvg| Avwg
Rvb‡Z PvBjvg, evwo hvIqvi c‡_ Avwg wK
Iui ILv‡b hve? Dwb ej‡jb, Aek¨B|
my¨U‡K‡mi Ici w`‡KB eBUv wQj|
Aí¶‡Yi g‡a¨ eBUv evi K‡i Naddo
†cuŠQjvg|
Avgvi fvj-jvMv KweZv¸‡jvi K‡qKUv
†Rv‡i †Rv‡i cojvg| Heidenstam-Gi
gyL †`‡L eySjvg, †m¸‡jv Zuvi g‡b Qvc
†d‡j‡Q| wZwb ej‡jb, Avwg e„_v Avwmwb|
eBwU wb‡jb Ges ÷K‡nv‡g wPwV wjL‡Z
Pj‡jb|Õ
iex›`ªbv‡_i †bv‡ejcÖvwßi A‡bK c‡i
Butenschon-Gi GB ¯§„wZPviY †jLv
nq| GZ`&m‡Ë¡I Zuvi mv¶¨ †_‡K Bw½Z
cvIqv hvq †h, Zuvi †jLvq Dwj−wLZ wPwVwU
mivmwi †bv‡ej cyi¯‹v‡ii m‡½ hy³| Lye
m¤¢e GB wPwVLvwbB A¨vKv‡Wwg‡K Rvbv‡bv
†mB Ôwe‡kl AwfgZÕ| A‡bKw`b a‡i
28
Heidenstam A‡bK wPwV wj‡L‡Qb
Hallstrom-†K; 1913-i †ek K‡qKwU
wPwV‡Z iex›`ªbv‡_i D‡j−L Av‡Q|
myB‡Wb md‡ii c~‡e©B myB‡Wbevmx‡`i
m‡½ iex›`ªbv‡_i cwiPq wQj| Karl
Hammargren bv‡g GK Aíeqmx QvÎ
ivg‡gvnb ivq Ges iex›`ªbv_ †h
Av‡›`vj‡bi m‡½ hy³ wQ‡jb, †mB
eªvþmgvR-Gi K_v ï‡bwQ‡jb| fviZ‡K
Rvbvi Ges `wi`ª‡`i †eu‡P _vKvi gv‡bvbœqb
Kivi †Póvq wZwb KjKvZvq G‡mwQ‡jb|
wb‡Ri †`‡k Hammargren cÖvq we¯§„Z
wKš‘ wb‡Ri cÖeÜ-msKjb Creative
Unity
(1922)-†Z
iex›`ªbv_
Hammargren-†K cÖksmv K‡i GKwU
wbeÜ wj‡L‡Qb| GB wbe‡Ü †mB Aíeqmx
myB‡Wbevmx‡K mygnvb fviZxq Fwl cÖksmv
K‡i wj‡L‡Qb,
ÔBwb wb‡Ri cÖwZ `„K&cvZ bv K‡i KvR
K‡i‡Qb Ges AZ¨waK cwikª‡gi Kv‡QB
†kl ch©š— civf~Z nb|
gvbwmKZv, RxebhvÎv, D‡Ïk¨, webq
Ges DcKvixi DcKv‡ii K_v cÖPvi
Kivi mva¨I †bBÑ Ggb me gvby‡li
cÖwZ AcÖwZ‡iva¨ ¯^v_©Z¨vM, Zuvi GBme
¸Yvejx fvi‡Z Aew¯’Z BD‡ivcxq‡`i
g‡a¨ †`LvB hvq bv| Gi d‡j Zuvi cÖwZ
m¤£g-RvMv‡bv fvjevmvi fve †R‡M
I‡V|Õ
GQvov 1912-i em‡š— myB‡W‡bi Prince
Wilhelm KjKvZvq VvKzi cwiev‡ii m‡½
†`Lv K‡ib| †`‡k wd‡i Zuvi ¯§„wZmg~n
msKwjZ K‡ib Where the Sun
Shines: Recolletions and Notes
from a Journey in the Orient
(1913) MÖ‡š’| Prince Wilhelm-Gi
K_v Abyhvqx, M„n¯^vgxMY Bs‡iR‡`i cÖwZ
mgv‡jvPbvgyLi wQ‡jb: ÔZjvq Zjvq
Bs‡iRwe‡Øl wawK wawK K‡i R¡j‡Q, †hb
GK ¸giv‡bv Av‡MœqwMwi, †h †Kvb w`b
AMyœ¨rcvZ NUv‡e|Õ †Lqvj Kivi gZ GKwU
e¨vcvi nj Prince Wilhelm Rvbv‡”Qb
VvKzi cwiev‡ii Ôme©Kwbô åvZvÕ A_©vr
Ôcwiev‡ii MÖš’vMvwiKÕ †m mgq evwo‡Z
wQ‡jb bv| Nywi‡q ej‡j, †m mg‡q
iex›`ªbv‡_i †jLvi m‡½ Prince
Wilhelm-Gi cwiPq wQj bv| hLb VvKzi
cwiev‡ii Bs‡iR we‡Ø‡li K_v Prince
Wilhelm gvidr BD‡iv‡c †cuŠQj,
Rvg©vwb‡Z VvKzi‡`i RbwcÖqZv †e‡o †Mj|
GUv Rvg©vwb-Bsj¨vÛ cÖwZØw›ØZviB GK
Awfe¨w³|
1913 mv‡j iex›`ªbv_ mkix‡i cyi¯‹vi
wb‡Z hvbwb| wZwb cÖ_gevi myB‡Wb hvb
1921-Gi †g gv‡m Ges Gici hvb 1926Gi AvM÷-†m‡Þ¤^‡i| 1921-Gi mdi
Kv‡j iex›`ªbv_‡K myweL¨vZ ch©UK Sven
Hedin AwZw_iƒ‡c eiY K‡ib| Gwkqv
ågYKv‡j Zuvi m‡½ iex›`ªbv‡_i †ek
K‡qKevi †`LvI n‡qwQj| Zuvi MÖš’ Great
Men and Kings (1950)-G Dwb
†bv‡ej-cÖvc‡Ki †h Qwe eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Zv
†_‡K †evSv hvq, iex›`ªbv_‡K wN‡i †Kgb
DcK_v M‡o D‡VwQj:
ÔhyeK iex›`ªbv_ Zuv‡`i evwoi evMv‡b
NÈvi civ NÈv a¨vbgMœfv‡e w¯’i n‡q
e‡m _vK‡Zb| KvVweovjxiv Zuvi Kuv‡a
jvwd‡q †eovZ Avi mKv‡ji cvwLiv
G‡m emZ Zuvi Mv‡q-gv_vq| evwo‡Z
wZwb mvwnZ¨ msMx‡Z cwie„Z _vK‡Zb
Avi Dcwbl` I Ab¨vb¨ cÖvPxb fviZxq
ag©xq kv‡¯¿i cÖwZ Zuvi Mfxi cÖxwZ wQj|
c‡i, IBme MÖ‡š’i bZzb m¤úv`bv
cÖKv‡ki Kv‡R wZwb AskMÖnY K‡ib|Õ
GB cÖeÜwU‡Z 1921 mv‡j iex›`ªbv‡_i
÷K‡nvg md‡ii GKwU my›`i weeiYI
cvIqv hvh| iex›`ªbv_ Hedin-†K Awff~Z
K‡ib; iex›`ªgy» Hedin-Gi fvlvqÑ ÔMÖvÛ
†nv‡U‡j iex›`ªbv‡_i evm¯’v‡bi w`‡K Db¥y³
Mvwo‡Z MgbiZ †mŠg¨`k©b fviZxq Kwe,
Avi Zuvi mv‡_ mge¨w³Z¡m¤úbœ RvZxq
cÖZœZË¡ Kvh©vj‡qi wUDUwbK cwiPvjK
Mentelius-†K †`Lv, †m GK PgrKvi
`„k¨|Õ †nwW‡bi Rvg©vwb-cÖxwZ wQj
me©Rbwew`Z Ges GB eY©bv g‡Z iex›`ªbv_DËi BD‡ivc I fviZe‡l©i RbM‡Yi Drm
GKÑ GB cyiv‡bv fvebvwU‡K g~Z© K‡ib|
AvP©wekc Nathan Soderblom Zuvi
my›`i wms-Gi evZ©v (1923) bvgK eB‡q
iex›`ªbv‡_i ÷K‡nvg md‡ii wKQy weeiY
†`b| wn›`yag© †_‡K wLª÷a‡g© `xw¶Z my›`i
wms cvðv‡Z¨i `„wó AvK©lY K‡iwQ‡jb| GB
eB‡qi GKwU Ask iex›`ªbv‡_i D‡Ï‡k¨
DrmM©xK…Z †hLv‡b Zuvi eY©bv Zuvi cÖwZ
Ab¨vb¨ weei‡Yi gZ GKB my‡i Muv_v|
iex›`ªbv_ Pig Av`‡k©i mv‡_ fviZxq
fvlvmg~n Ges fviZe‡l©i fwel¨r
¯^vaxbZv I ¯^vqZ¡kvm‡bi Rb¨,
fviZevmxi Rb¨, †Kvb RvZxq bq, GK
gvbweK Av`k© ¯’vcb K‡ib| Kwei
Av‡kcv‡ki †jvKR‡biv †`L‡Z †c‡Zb,
wZwb GB fvebvq KZLvwb fvweZ
wQ‡jb; wZwb kix‡i I g‡b mvgwMÖKfv‡e
Av`k©cÖvwYZ wQ‡jb| †hb GK
cwiï×Zvi ejq Zuv‡K wN‡i _vKZ|
cÖKv‡k¨, fvi‡Zi PviYKwe I FwZ¡K‡`i
gZ D”P wKš‘ gvwR©Z ¯^‡i AvbyôvwbK
fw½gvq D`¨Z wKš‘ cwiwgZfv‡e
fvlYiZ Kwe‡K g‡b nZ GK A‡jŠwKK
mËv| Zuvi †mB ms‡hvM ¶gZv I
Drmv‡ni m‡½ e¨w³we‡k‡li mv‡_
wbf„‡Z AvjvcPvix Kwe‡K †gjv‡bv †hZ
bv|Õ
myB‡Wb Avmvi Av‡M K‡qKw`‡bi Rb¨
iex›`ªbv_ †Kv‡cb‡n‡Mb hvb| myBwWk
cÖfvZx msev`cÎ Svenska DagbladetG Marta Lindqvist bv‡g GK mvsevw`K
Zuvi †Kv‡cb‡n‡Mb åg‡Yi GK cÖvYeš—
weeiY †`b:
iex›`ªbv‡_i †Kv‡cb‡n‡Mb md‡ii
wØZxq w`bwU wQj mKvj †_‡KB
Av‡jv‡Kv¾¡j; mKv‡j Kwe Zuvi W¨vwbk
eÜz‡`i m‡½ DËi Rxj¨v‡Ûi w`‡K hvÎvq
m½x nb Avi m‡Ü¨‡ejv †Kv‡cb‡n‡M‡bi
QvÎiv QvÎmsm‡` Zuvi Ave„wËi ci GK
my›`i Av‡jvgq †kvfvhvÎvi Øviv Zuvi cÖwZ
kª×vÁvcb K‡i|Õ
Marta Lindqvist Kwei AgvwqK
Dcw¯’wZ‡K we‡kl ¸i“Z¡ †`b|
ÔwZwb we‡kl bovPov Ki‡Zb bv,
mvaviYZ GK Avg©‡Pqv‡i em‡Zb wZwb
Avi nvZ`yÕ‡Uv ivL‡Zb †Pqv‡ii nvZ‡j,
gv_v DuPz K‡i ivL‡jI Zuvi `„wó _vKZ
bx‡Pi w`‡K| †mvbvwj †d«‡gi Pkgvi
duvK w`‡q wZwb ZvKv‡j †`Lv †hZ
†Rviv‡jv, my›`i I Abyf~wZc~Y© GK‡Rvov
`xwßgvb Kv‡jv †Pv‡Li w¯’i`„wó| PkgvwU
wQj Zuvi Dcw¯’wZi GKgvÎ cvðvZ¨
†Quvqv| D¾¡j MvÎe‡Y©i Rb¨ Zuv‡K g‡b
nZ †iv‡` †cvov GK †k¦Zv½| Kwei
gyLveqe wQj eo cweÎ I gnvb|
whïwLª‡÷i m‡½ Zuvi PwiÎ Ges
gyLveq‡ei mv`„k¨ GB aviYv‡K AviI
`„p K‡i; Kwei m‡½ ¯^í¶‡Yi
AvjvcPvwiZv †_‡K g‡b nq, wZwb GK
weï× Av`k©ev`x I ¯^cœ`k©x|Õ
†mB mgq, cÖv‡P¨i †Kvb Ávbx md‡i
G‡m‡Qb ïb‡j cvðv‡Z¨ ¯úóZB wecyj
mvov c‡o †hZ| †Kvb bZzb wPš—vfvebvi
c‡¶ mycÖwZwôZ hk¯^x gvbyl‡`i mg_©b
cvIqv AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wQj| Zuv‡`i mg_©b
†mB bZzb fvebvwPš—v Z_v Av`‡k©i we¯—v‡i
mvnvh¨ K‡i|
1916 mv‡ji cieZ©x mg‡q
Lindqvist Svenska Dagbladet
msev`cÎwUi L¨vZbvgv mvsevw`K wnmv‡e
cÖwZôv jvf K‡ib| cÖ_g w`‡K wZwb g~jZ
Pjw”PÎ, b„Z¨ I d¨vkb wb‡q wjL‡Zb|
1920-i `k‡Ki gvSvgvwS mg‡q, ejv hvq
iex›`ªbv‡_i m‡½ mv¶vrKv‡ii c‡i, wZwb
wLª÷a‡g©i cÖwZ AwaK AvK…ó nb Ges
m¨vj‡fkb Avwg©, we‡`kx wm‡gb Pv‡P©i
KvRKg© BZ¨vw` wel‡q AvMÖnx n‡q I‡Vb|
Zuvi iex›`ªbv_ m¤úwK©Z †jLv¸‡jv Zuvi bZzb
w`kv wbiƒc‡Yi AvMvg evZ©vevnK| cÖ_g
wek¦hy‡×i ci, BD‡iv‡ci me©Î ag©xq ms¯‹vi
mva‡bi `vwe I‡V| KL‡bv KL‡bv GB `vwe
fvmv fvmv me Awf‡¶c‡Yi Rb¥ †`q, †hgb
N‡UwQj iex›`ªbv‡_i †¶‡Î| Marta
Lindqvist iex›`ªbv_‡K Ô†iv‡` †cvov
†k¦Zv½ gvbylÕ e‡j‡Qb Ges Sven Hedin
Zuv‡K mfv Aj¼„Z Ki‡Z †`‡L‡QbÑ
Ômge¨w³Z¡m¤úbœ RvZxq cÖZœZË¡ Kvh©vj‡qi
wUDUwbK cwiPvjK Mentelius-Gi
cv‡k| Marta Lindqvist-Gi †jLvwU‡Z
GK ¯^wcœj myi j¶¨ Kiv hvq, hw`I †h
K‡_vcK_‡bi D‡j−L wZwb †jLvwU‡Z
K‡i‡Qb Zv h‡_ó mgv‡jvPbvi D‡`ªK Ki‡Z
cv‡i:
Ôiex›`ªbv_ Rvbv‡”Qb, Avwg AvBb Ges
miKvi we‡ivax bB Ges AZx‡ZI
fvi‡Zi we‡`kx AvµgY I kvm‡bi
AwfÁZv n‡q‡Q| Zdvr GBUvB †h,
AvµgYKvixiv fvi‡Z ¯’vqxfv‡e emevm
Ki‡Z †j‡M‡Q Ges †`kUv‡K wb‡Ri
gvZ…f~wg fve‡Z †c‡i‡Q, G‡`‡ki
gvby‡li g‡a¨ wg‡k †h‡Z †c‡i‡Q Ges
fvi‡Zi ¯^v_©‡K wb‡Ri ¯^v_© †f‡e‡Q|
GLb cwiw¯’wZ wfbœ| Avwg †Zgb we‡`kx
cÖfyZ¡‡K cQ›` Kwi bv hvi cÖwZwbwaiv
†`‡ki †jv‡Ki meiKg ms¯úk© Gwo‡q
P‡j, we‡kl K‡i AvwZ¥K wel‡q|
Bs‡iRiv e‡jÑ fviZ Aš—we©f³|
†`kUv‡K Avgiv hw` fv‡M¨i nv‡Z †Q‡o
w`B Zvi dj n‡e ˆbivR¨| Avgvi
DËiÑ Ab¨vb¨ †`‡kI we‡f` G‡m‡Q
Ges †m¸‡jv †NvPv‡bvi I HK¨ Avbvi
`vq Zv‡`i| wee`gvb c¶¸‡jv‡K
K…wÎgfv‡e kvš— I myk„•Lj ivLv gv‡bB
weev‡`i KviY¸‡jv `~ixf~Z nIqv bq|
fviZ wel‡q Bsj¨v‡Ûi ¯^v_© KvR Ki‡Q,
fvjevmv bq, Ges †m ¯^v_© Mevw`cïi
cÖwZ KmvB‡qi †h ¯^v_© _v‡K †mBiKg|
wb‡R‡`i ¯^v_© PwiZv_© Kivi Rb¨
Avgv‡`i †`k‡K GB †kvlY KivUv Avwg
cQ›` Kwi bv|Õ
Bs‡iR‡`i GB myZxeª mgv‡jvPbvi g‡a¨B
GKwU wRwb‡mi AvswkK e¨vL¨v cvIqv hv‡eÑ
e¨w³ iex›`ªbv_ I Zuvi evYxi cÖwZ Sven
Hedin †Kb GZ DrmvwnZ wQ‡jb| Aek¨
mv¶vrKvi †k‡l Lindqvist iex›`ªbv‡_i
weeiY w`‡q‡Qb AviI D”Pv‡½i my‡i †eu‡a:
AbyMvgxiv Zuv‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i P‡j‡Q,
Nimb-G ˆbk‡fvR A‡c¶viZ, Gici
Student Union I gkvj †kvfvhvÎv
Ges ZviIci, Ae‡k‡l wekªvgÑ Z‡e
†m wekªvg n‡e ¯^í¯’vqx, KviY †fv‡ii
Av‡jv †dvUvi mg‡q Kwe‡K †`Lv hv‡e
RvMÖZ, Mfxi a¨v‡b gMœ; Zuvi KweZvq
†h g‡bi cweÎZv I cÖkvwš— cÖwZdwjZ
nq, †mB gb †hb Zvi im` msMÖn
Ki‡Q|Õ
Kwei GB Ck¦icÖwZg QwewUi bx‡P Pvcv c‡o
†M‡Q Zuvi cvðvZ¨ ms¯‹…wZi Zxeª
mgv‡jvPbv| iex›`ªbv‡_i †Kv‡cb‡n‡Mb
mdi weeiYxi GB w`K¸‡jv Zuvi myB‡Wb
mdi weeiYx¸‡jv‡ZI wd‡i G‡m‡Q| 22 †g
mܨvq iex›`ªbv_ Malmo †cuŠ‡Qb| Zuv‡K
ÔwZwb we‡kl bovPov Ki‡Zb bv,
mvaviYZ GK Avg©‡Pqv‡i em‡Zb wZwb
Avi nvZ`yÕ‡Uv ivL‡Zb †Pqv‡ii
nvZ‡j, gv_v DuPz K‡i ivL‡jI Zuvi
`„wó _vKZ bx‡Pi w`‡K| †mvbvwj
†d«‡gi Pkgvi duvK w`‡q wZwb ZvKv‡j
†`Lv †hZ †Rviv‡jv, my›`i I
Abyf~wZc~Y© GK‡Rvov `xwßgvb Kv‡jv
†Pv‡Li w¯’i`„wó| PkgvwU wQj Zuvi
Dcw¯’wZi GKgvÎ cvðvZ¨ †Quvqv|...Õ
Af¨_©bv Rvbv‡bv nq ÔZzgyj nl©aŸwbi
gva¨‡g, hvi cÖZz¨Ë‡i Dwb bxie ab¨ev`
Rvbvb|Õ dz‡ji †Zvov MÖnY K‡i I msw¶ß
fvlYv‡š— iex›`ªbv_ Dˇii c‡_ GwM‡q
P‡jb: Ô†UªbwU wVK mg‡q, 10.55†Z Qvoj
`k©K‡`i wecyj nl©aŸwbi ga¨ w`‡q|Õ
mdim½x‡`i wb‡q ciw`b mKv‡j Dwb
÷K‡nvg †cuŠQ‡jb| †÷kb c−vUd‡g© Zuvi
m‡½ †`Lv K‡ib myBwWk A¨vKv‡Wwgi
m¤úv`K Dr. Karfeldt, KvD‡›Um
Williamowitz-Moellendorff,
†jwLKv Fia öhman I Ab¨vb¨iv|
GLv‡bI A‡bK gvbyl Ro n‡qwQ‡jb Ges
†mB ÔDcPv‡bv wfoÕ †÷k‡bi evB‡i
iex›`ªbv_‡K Ôbxi‡e I †Lvjv gv_vq Af¨_©bv
Rvbvq|Õ Dr. Karfeldt-Gi m‡½ iex›`ªbv_
MÖ¨vÛ †nv‡U‡j wM‡q I‡Vb| †mw`b
mvܨAf¨_©bvi mgq iex›`ªbv_ G‡iv‡c−‡b
P‡o †`k Ny‡i †`Lvi B”Qv cÖKvk K‡ib|
Aek¨ Iu‡K GB †Póv †_‡K weiZ _vKvi
Dc‡`k †`Iqv nq:
ÔmyB‡W‡bi AvKvkhvb e¨e¯’v m¤ú‡K©
IqvwKenvj eÜzeM© Zuv‡K weiZ Kivi
h_vmva¨ †Póv K‡ib| Aek¨,
iex›`ªbv‡_i cy‡Îi m‡½ me©Î †h fviZxq
ågY-Dc‡`óv memgq _vK‡Zb †mB
Bomanii GB AvKvkhvÎv wel‡q Lye
Drmvnx wQ‡jb Ges `yÕR‡bB hw` †mUv
PvB‡Zb, †Kvb Dc‡`kB Kv‡R AvmZ
bv|Õ
ivRKxq Af¨_©bvi ci 24 †g mܨvq
iex›`ªbv_ ÷K‡nv‡g GKwU fvlY †`b|
†mLvbKvi e‡›`ve¯—I KZUv RuvKRgKc~Y©
wQj Zv Rvbv hvq 27 †g-i Uppsala
msev`c‡Îi GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b †_‡K:
Ô†÷RUv cÖvq GKwU Kgjv‡jeyi gZ †¶‡Î
cwiYZ n‡qwQj; †÷‡Ri †cQbUv wQj
wekvj wekvj cZvKvq mymw¾Z, Avi
mvg‡bi cy‡ivUvB dz‡j dz‡j XvKv|Õ
cÖwZ‡e`b †jwLKv e¨v‡iv‡bm Annie
Akerhielm fvlYwU‡K g‡b K‡iwQ‡jb:
cÖv‡P¨i inm¨gqZvgvLv ag©xq Avb‡›`i GK
`~ivMZ cÖwZ”Qwe|Õ GZ`&m‡Ë¡I fvlYwU
†kªvZv‡`i wKQyUv nZvk K‡iwQj| Zuvi
29
Ôwew”Qbœfv‡e wKQy †jvK Zuv‡K cwðg
`ywbqvi AvZ¥vi gyw³`vZv iƒ‡c e›`bv
K‡i‡Qb, hw`I Dwb Avgv‡`i cÖZx‡P¨i
ms¯‹…wZ m¤ú‡K© wKQy Awebqm~PK mZ¨
e‡j‡Qb| Avgv‡`i ms¯‹…wZi
mgv‡jvPKiv c~‡e© hw` †mme bv e‡j
_vK‡Zb, Z‡e †mB mZ¨¸‡jv Avgv‡`i
AviI KUz jvMZ|...Õ
fvl‡Y iex›`ªbv_ `yÕ‡Uv kw³‡K Avjv`v K‡i
†`wL‡q‡Qb: m„wó I aŸsmKvix| cÖ_gwU
Ôe¨w³i m‡½ e¨w³‡K Ges gvby‡li m‡½
gvby‡liÕ eÜb NUvq; †mB kw³i cÖwZwbwaZ¡
K‡ib ey× I whï| Aciw`‡K i‡q‡Q aŸs‡mi
kw³, Ôcvðv‡Z¨i GK we‡kl ˆewkó¨ Zvi
RvMwZK ¶gZv| GB ¶gZv gvby‡l gvby‡l
we‡f` Av‡b, gvbyl‡K wbcxob K‡i Ges
gvby‡li AvZ¥v‡K Ggbfv‡e KjywlZ K‡i †h,
BD‡ivcxq d¨v±wii wPgwb‡Z wPgwb‡Z M½v
Kv‡jv n‡q hvq, Kv‡jv n‡q hvq †mB Avðh©
b`xi †XDÑ G‡KB e‡j aŸsmKvix kw³|Õ
Akerhielm †Rv‡ii m‡½ e‡j‡Qb
iex›`ªbv‡_i gnË¡‡K me‡P‡q †ewk ey‡S‡Q
Rvg©vwb: Ô†mB BD‡ivcxq †`kÑ `vk©wbKZv
Ges AZxw›`ªqZvi Kvi‡Y †hLvbKvi gvby‡li
AvZ¥v fvi‡Zi m‡½ me‡P‡q Nwbôfv‡e
m¤úwK©Z|Õ Bs‡iR‡`i m¤ú‡K© Zuvi gZvgZ
A‡bK Zxeª: ÔfviZ m¤ú‡K© Ges fvi‡Z Kx
NU‡Q †m e¨vcv‡i Bsj¨vÛ Avi KLbI
we¯§„wZi c`©v †U‡b ivL‡Z mg_© n‡e bv|Õ
mvaviYfv‡e iex›`ªbv_ me‡P‡q †ewk
mv_©KZv †c‡qwQ‡jb Rvg©vwb‡Z| Iw`‡K
Bsj¨vÛ ev d«v‡Ý Dwb eo‡Rvi kxl©¯’vbxq
wKQy eyw×Rxexi AvKl©‡Yi †K›`ª n‡Z
†c‡iwQ‡jb| D`vniY¯^iƒc ejv hvq, 1921Gi A‡±ve‡ii g‡a¨ Rvg©vwb‡Z iex›`ªbv‡_i
8,00,000 Kwc eB wewµ nq| GB wewµi
cwigvY eûj cwiwPZ mgmvgwqK Rvg©vb
†jLK Maria Rilke ev Stefan
George-Gi eB wewµi cwigv‡Yi †P‡q
A‡bK †ewk|
1900 mvj bvMv` Akerhielm
†jLKRxeb ïi“ K‡ib Ges c‡i
mvsevw`KZvq eªZx nb| Swedish Men
and Women (1955) bv‡g cÖvmw½K
eBwUi gZvbyhvqx wZwb Ôi¶Ykxj `„wóf½xi
cÖwZwbwa Ges Zuvi KvR wQj ÔmgKv‡j †hme
wew”QbœZv I wX‡jwgi cÖeYZv wQj, Zvi cÖwZcÖeYZv ˆZwi Kiv Ges gvby‡li g‡a¨
KZ©e¨‡eva kw³kvjx K‡i †Zvjv|Õ cwi®‹vi
†evSv hv‡”Q, AwfRvZ Akerhielm
iex›`ªbv‡_i g‡a¨ GK mgg‡bvfvevcbœ
AvZ¥v‡K †`‡LwQ‡jb| Zuvi Rvg©vb-†Nulv
g‡bvfve wQj Sven Hedin-Gi Rvg©vb
30
e¨vcvi-m¨vcv‡ii cÖwZ AvMÖ‡ni m`„k, Ges
Hedin-Gi gZ Akerhielm-I fviZxq
Kwei g‡a¨ GK eÜz‡K Lyu‡R †c‡qwQ‡jb|
Am‡jv hvÎvi c~‡e© iex›`ªbv_ Uppsala
md‡iiI mgq †c‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb
AvP©wek‡ci M„‡n wM‡qwQ‡jb Ges Nathan
Söderblom-†K MvBW iƒ‡c †c‡q
fvBwKs‡`i Avgj †_‡K Uppsala-†Z
Odinslund bv‡g †h HwZnvwmK ivRKxq
mgvwa¯’j wQj Zv cwi`k©b K‡ib I Zvi
wel‡q cwiwPwZ jvf K‡ib| D`vi wLª÷vb
g‡bvfv‡ei cwiPq †`wL‡q Gici wZwb
K¨vw_Wªvj `k©b K‡ib| K¨vw_Wªv‡j
iex›`ªbv‡_i m¤§v‡b Kqvi mg‡eZ msMxZ
(myBwWk †jvKMxwZ I ag©msMxZ DfqB)
cwi‡ekb K‡i| QvÎ msm‡`i mfvcwZ
Kwei m¤§v‡b divwm‡Z fvlY †`b| gbyl¨
mgv‡R, we‡kl K‡i Ônous etudiants de
cette universite la plus boreale
que vous avez visiteeÕ wn‡m‡e Zuvi
Ae`v‡b Rb¨ iex›`ªbv_‡K ab¨ev` Ávcb
Kiv nq|
cvðv‡Z¨i cÖwZ Zuvi Awek¦vm cÖKvk Kiv
m‡Ë¡I me©Î Kwe ew›`Z nb| mgv‡jvPbvi
KÉ cÖvq wQjB bv, hw`I G‡Kev‡i wQj bv
ejv hv‡e bv| ag©xq BwZnvm we‡klÁ Tor
Andrae Zuvi Modern Mysticism
(1930) †jLvq cÖv‡P¨i a‡g©i w`‡K AvMÖ‡ni
cÖwZ Zuvi Avk¼v cÖKvk K‡ib:
Ô†ek wKQyw`b hver BD‡ivc, Ges AviI
†ewk K‡i Av‡gwiKv, j¤^v Pzj I Nb
K…ò P¶zm¤úbœ cÖv‡P¨i bexi ci bexi
†mªv‡Z Avµvš— Ges mK‡jB †`Lv hv‡”Q
Zv‡`i evYxi Rb¨ GKai‡bi evRvi
†c‡q‡Q| wKQy fvj †jvK G‡`i n‡j
nvwRi K‡ib Ges Zv‡`i `~Z wnmv‡e
KvR K‡ib| Giv Avevi cÖvP¨‡`k †_‡K
AvMZ‡`i PvB‡ZI †ewk cÖvP¨ Ges
cÖv‡P¨i cÖÁvi Zzjbvq BD‡iv‡ci
ms¯‹…wZ I ag©‡K †QvU K‡i †`Lv‡bvq
G‡`i Rywo †bB|Õ
Andrae iex›`ª-ûRy‡Mi mivmwi wec‡¶:
Ôwew”Qbœfv‡e wKQy †jvK Zuv‡K cwðg
`ywbqvi AvZ¥vi gyw³`vZv iƒ‡c e›`bv
K‡i‡Qb, hw`I Dwb Avgv‡`i cÖZx‡P¨i
ms¯‹…wZ m¤ú‡K© wKQy Awebqm~PK mZ¨
e‡j‡Qb|
Avgv‡`i
ms¯‹…wZi
mgv‡jvPKiv c~‡e© hw` †mme bv e‡j
_vK‡Zb, Z‡e †mB mZ¨¸‡jv Avgv‡`i
AviI KUz jvMZ| GQvov, Zuvi bv›`wbK
cÖK…wZ-c~Rvixmyjf wPš—vfvebv Ges
fviZxq Abyf~wZ-cÖvej¨ I cwð‡gi
Kg©-cÖvej¨‡K †gjv‡bvi cÖ‡Póvi m‡½
fviZxq‡Z¡i †Kvb †hvM †bB, eiÂ
Aåvš—fv‡e
Bsj¨v‡Ûi
mvwn‡Z¨
inm¨ev‡`i m‡½ mv`„k¨ j¶ Kiv hvq|Õ
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cvIqvUv †gv‡UB Avð‡h©i bq| Bsj¨vÛB
wQj Zuvi mgv‡jvPbvi cÖavb j¶¨e¯‘|
iex›`ªbv‡_i Dcwb‡ek-we‡ivax `„wóf½xi
Rb¨ Bs‡iRiv ¶zä wQj| Ab¨vb¨ RvqMvq,
†m mg‡q A-BD‡ivcxq cÖfve †_‡K †ewi‡q
Avmvi †h mvaviY cÖeYZv †`Lv w`‡qwQj,
GB iex›`ª-weivM wQj ZviB A½|
†m‡Þ¤^i 1926-G iex›`ªbv_ Avi
GKevi myB‡Wb md‡i wM‡qwQ‡jb| Av‡Mi
mdi hZUv eûj cÖPvwiZ n‡qwQj, Gev‡iiUv
†Zgb nqwb| Gev‡iI iex›`ªbv_ MÖ¨vÛ
†nv‡U‡j D‡VwQ‡jb| †mLv‡b cÖfvZx
msev`cÎ Svenska Morgonbladet-Gi
GK Abvgv mvsevw`K iex›`ªbv‡_i mv¶vrKvi
wb‡qwQ‡jb| †jLK we¯§‡qi m‡½ j¶¨
K‡iwQ‡jb †h, c~‡e©i md‡ii mgqKvi
Zzjbvq iex›`ªbv_‡K AviI Ô`k eQi Kg
Ges †ewk m¶gÕ jvMwQj| hw`I iex›`ªbv_
cwðgx e¯‘Zvwš¿KZvi mgv‡jvPbvq AwePj
wQ‡jb, Z_vwc GB mv¶vrKv‡i wZwb cwðg
`ywbqvi wLª÷xq DËivwaKv‡ii cÖwZ A‡bK
D`vi g‡bvfv‡ei cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb|
iex›`ªbv_ e‡j‡Qb, ÔGB A_©jxáv I
e¯‘Zvwš¿KZvi cÖwZ Avmw³ nq‡Zv cvðv‡Z¨i
aŸs‡mi exR n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i|Õ wZwb
cvðv‡Z¨i gvby‡li Kv‡Q Av‡e`b K‡i‡Qb,
Ômijfv‡e Ges wb‡R‡`i Zz‡j aivi mw`”Qv
wb‡q cybe©vi †Mvov †_‡K wLª÷xq Rxebhvcb
ïi“ Ki‡Z| cvðvZ¨ ms¯‹…wZ‡K euvPv‡bvi
GUvB GKgvÎ Dcvq; AvRKvj †h
e¯‘Zvwš¿KZv cÖKU n‡q D‡V‡Q wLª÷ag© Zvi
cy‡ivcywi cÖwZ‡laK|Õ Dolarna-i
Brunnsvik Folk High School-Gi
wk¶K Niklas Bergius, Uppsala-†Z
iex›`ªbv‡_i Dcw¯’wZKv‡j nvwRi wQ‡jb|
Zuvi Tagore (1921) bv‡g cyw¯—Kv‡Z
fviZxq AwZw_‡K wZwb AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb
Ggb GK AvaywbK bex (cÖ‡dU) e‡j whwb
`yÕnvZ evwo‡q myB‡Wbevmx‡`i Kv‡Q Dcw¯’Z
n‡q‡Qb Ges Uppsala K¨vw_Wªv‡j †h Ck¦i
c~wRZ nb, iex›`ªbv‡_i Kv‡Q †mB Ck¦i
gnvb Aw¯—‡Z¡i e„‡Ëi gv‡S Ggb GK we›`y
†hLvb †_‡K Aw¯—‡Z¡i †K‡›`ª †cuŠQ‡bv hvq,
†hgb hvIqv hvq ARmª AviI we›`y †_‡K|Õ
GB Drmv‡ni cvkvcvwk Bergius-Gi
weei‡Y GKUz e‡µvw³I Av‡Q|
Ae‡k‡l, K‡qK mßvn c~‡e©, A‡bK
Ôhw`Õ ÔwKš‘Õi ci, iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi‡K
myBwWk RvwZi AwZw_ iƒ‡c Af¨_©bv
Kivi m¤§vb I †mŠfvM¨ jvf Kijvg|
Avgiv h_vmva¨ Ges hZUv f`ªR‡bvwPZ
AvPiY Kiv m¤¢e Zv Kijvg| Zuv‡K
AvivgcÖ` evm¯’vb †`Iqv nj, hw`I Dwb
G‡iv‡c−bB †ewk cQ›` K‡iwQ‡jb|
ivRv‡`i †ejvq †hgb Kiv nq Zuvi
†ejv‡ZI †Zgwb c−¨vUd‡g© jvj Kv‡c©U
weQv‡bv wQj| Zuvi Mjvq dz‡ji gvjv
civ‡bv nj, wkïiv Mvb Kij Ges
Aa¨vcKgkvB
Zuv‡K ˆbk‡fv‡R
Avc¨vwqZ Ki‡jb| Zuv‡K †`Lvi Rb¨
wf‡o ¸u‡Zv¸uwZ Kijvg Ges hZ nvZ
†hvMvo Kiv m¤¢e me nv‡Z Zvwj
w`jvg|Õ
Bergius-Gi g‡Z iex›`ªbv_ hZUv
Avc¨vq‡bi welq n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb, †mUv‡K
mn‡RB Zvgvkvq cwiYZ Kiv †hZ|
iex›`ªbv_ wb‡R Aek¨ Gm‡ei E‡aŸ© wQ‡jb|
Ô¯^vfvweK mvij¨ Ges Av`eKvq`vq Dwb
G‡Kev‡i wbLyuZ| Zuvi Dcw¯’wZ, ¯^fve,
aib, my`k©b g¯—K, †KvbUv‡ZB †Kvb
†gvnf½ nqwb| Zuvi hv nIqv DwPZ,
Zuvi Kv‡Q hv Avkv Kiv wM‡qwQj, Dwb
ZvB-B: GKvav‡i wkï I bex| Zuvi
gyLgÊj I Kɯ^‡i GK wkïmyjf
cweÎZv I e‡qv‡R¨ôi cÖÁvi A‰ØZ
Dcw¯’wZ wQj| Zuvi iPbvi cÖwZ Avgiv
wVK †Zgb fvjevmv I cÖksmvB GZw`b
cÖ`k©b K‡i G‡mwQ| Acwimxg
fvjgvbylxi Kvi‡Y †mB cweÎZv I
cÖÁvi QUv Av‡iv e„w× †c‡qwQj: Aek¨
G‡Z kw³ I i‡mi †Kvb Afve
cwijw¶Z nqwb|Õ
Bergius-Gi g‡Z, iex›`ªbv_ †h H‡K¨i
aviYv cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb Zv‡ZB Zuvi gnË¡|
Bergius-Gi aviYv, cwðgx ms¯‹…wZi
ˆewkó¨ wefvRb I UzK‡iv nIqvi cÖeYZv
Ges Ansme©¯^Zv| Zuvi me‡P‡q Zxeª
mgv‡jvPbvi j¶¨e¯‘ weÁvb: ÔwefvwRZ Ges
mxgvwqZ Aw¯—‡Z¡i g‡a¨ evm Ki‡Z Ki‡Z
Avgiv †mB ev¯—eZvUvB fy‡j †MwQ †hUv
wefvwRZ n‡q P‡j‡Q|Õ Bergius-Gi
e¨vL¨v Abymv‡i, cwð‡gi P~Y©weP~Y© n‡q hvIqv
†eŠw×K I AvwZ¥K RM‡Zi wecix‡Z
iex›`ªbv_ ¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb ÔAvw`gZvÕi ev
cyivKvjxb `„k¨c‡Ui gv‡S evm Kiv Ggb
GK gvb‡ei †h GLbI UzK‡iv n‡q hvIqvUv
Abyfe K‡iwb:
ÔGi d‡j †mB ÔAvw`gÕ gvb‡ei Kv‡Q
Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡ki cÖK…wZÑ AvKvk I
mgy`ª, AiY¨ I gvVNvU, MvQcvjv I
cïcvwLÑ GKwU cwic~Y© I mymgÄm¨
Aw¯—Z¡iƒ‡c cÖwZfvZ nq Ges †m wb‡R‡K
†mB cwic~Y©Zvi Ask e‡j g‡b K‡i,
Ges †mUv Ggb cÖvYkw³‡Z ficyi †hUv
†_‡K †m wb‡R‡K cÖvYkw³‡Z cwic~Y©
K‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡i| †m KL‡bvB GKv
bq| Nvm Lv‡”Q †h †gvlUv †m †mB
Nvme‡bi Ask Ges Zv‡`i g‡a¨ kw³i
Av`vbcÖ`vb NU‡Z _v‡K| fviZxq AiY¨
GK gnvb Rxebm¤úbœ gnr Aw¯—Z¡; †mB
Aw¯—Z¡ R¡‡j I‡V ev‡Ni jv‡d, †bK‡oi
R¡jš— †Pv‡L, nvwZi e„sn‡b, wkï
Mowgle-†`i eyyw×gËvq|Õ
Bergius-Gi Kv‡Q iex›`ªbv_ AvwZ¥K `ªóvi
GK cÖZxK hvi evYx‡K Aek¨ AeyS †jv‡Kiv
weK…Z K‡i †d‡j‡Q| wW‡m¤^i 9, 1921-Gi
Social-Demokraten
msev`c‡Î
Bergius-Gi cyw¯—Kvi Erik Heden-K…Z
†h mgv‡jvPbv cÖKvwkZ nq, †mLv‡bI
Gai‡bi ˆØZZv j¶¨ Kiv hvq:
Ôiex›`ªbv_‡K cÖksmv KivUv AcÖ‡qvRbxq
g‡b n‡Z cv‡i| Zuvi cÖwZ wek¦vm †bB
Ggb †jvK myB‡W‡b AvaWRbI †evanq
†bB| Zv‡`i Ab¨Zg wQ‡jb GK
Aíeqmx
mgvRZš¿ev`x|
†mB
mgvRZš¿ev`x hLb ïb‡jb, ivZ
wZb‡Uq D‡V a¨vb Kivi Rb¨
iex›`ªbv‡_i cÖksmv Kiv n‡q‡Q, wZwb
Rvbv‡jb Zuvi ¶z`ªPvlx wcZvI ivZ
wZb‡Uq I‡Vb, a¨vb Ki‡Z bq, eiÂ
RjLvev‡ii c~‡e© wKQy bv †L‡q K‡Vvi
cwikªg Kivi Rb¨ (RjLvevi ej‡Z
mvgvb¨ wKQy †nwis gvQ Avi Avjy) wKš‘
†mRb¨ Zuv‡K mvgvb¨ cÖksmvI †KD
K‡iwb| Avgvi g‡Z, iex›`ªbv_ m¤ú‡K©
hv ejv n‡q‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ GUvB m‡e©vËg|
Gi wVK c‡iB Bergius-Gi
cyw¯—KvwU| GKRb AÁ †jvK hZUzKz
wePvi Ki‡Z cv‡i †mUzKz K‡i ejwQ,
Bergius †mB ¸wUK‡q‡Ki GKRb
hviv njd K‡i ej‡Z cv‡i cvðv‡Z¨i
Kv‡Q cÖvP¨ `y‡e©va¨ bq| Avd‡mvm GB
†h, ¯^í cwim‡ii Av‡jvPbvq fviZxq
`k©b m¤ú‡K© Zuvi Mfxi Ávb‡K Dwb
Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`evi my‡hvM
cvbwb|Õ
iex›`ªbv_ cÖ_g e¨w³ bb whwb cÖv‡P¨i
cÖÁv‡K cvðv‡Z¨i gvby‡li Kv‡Q Dcw¯’Z
K‡ib| Aóv`k kZ‡Ki Z_vKw_Z wn›`y
beRvMi‡Yi mgq ag© I mvwn‡Z¨i wKQy
aª“c`x †jLv cwðgx fvlv¸‡jv‡Z Ab~w`Z
nq| c~‡e©v³ ivg‡gvnb ivq (1772-1833)
wQ‡jb cÖ_g fviZxq eyw×Rxex whwb AvaywbK
Kv‡j cvðv‡Z¨i `„wó AvKl©Y K‡ib| Zvi
Ici cvðv‡Z¨i `ywbqvq fviZxq wPš—v
Qwo‡q †`Iqvi †¶‡Î Madame
Blavatsky (1831-Õ91)-i †bZ…‡Z¡
msMwVZ
weL¨vZ
theosophical
Av‡›`vj‡biI Lye ¸i“Z¡ wQj| Madame
Blavatsky-i cÖavb iPbv The Secret
Doctrine (1888)-Gi ˆewkó¨ nj
fvi‡Zi Kg© I cybR©b¥ welqK wk¶v Ges
cwðgx `ywbqvi wbM~p HwZn¨vejxi g‡a¨
mgš^q mva‡bi †Póv| AvR‡K hv New
Age bv‡g cwiwPZ, Zvi Ab¨Zg Drm GB
theosophy| ¯^vgx we‡eKvb›`I (18631902) †ek cÖfve †d‡jwQ‡jb| 1893
mv‡j wkKv‡Mv‡Z AbywôZ World’s
Parliament of Religions-G Zuvi
Dcw¯’wZ Amxg ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wQj| Zvi d‡j
wn›`yag© GK A‰ØZev`x ag© iƒ‡c cwð‡gi
Ô¯^vfvweK mvij¨ Ges Av`eKvq`vq
Dwb G‡Kev‡i wbLyuZ| Zuvi Dcw¯’wZ,
¯^fve, aib, my`k©b g¯—K, †KvbUv‡ZB
†Kvb †gvnf½ nqwb| Zuvi hv nIqv
DwPZ, Zuvi Kv‡Q hv Avkv Kiv
wM‡qwQj, Dwb ZvB-B: GKvav‡i wkï I
bex| Zuvi gyLgÊj I Kɯ^‡i GK
wkïmyjf cweÎZv I e‡qv‡R¨ôi cÖÁvi
A‰ØZ Dcw¯’wZ wQj|...Õ
Kv‡Q cÖwZfvZ nj Ges Zv we‡k¦i Acivci
e„nr a‡g©i cÖwZwbwa‡`i Kv‡Q Av‡e`b
ivL‡Z m¶g nj|
djZ iex›`ªbv‡_i `yÕev‡ii myB‡Wb
mdi‡K `xN©Zi weeZ©bavivi GK ce©iƒ‡c
†`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i| fviZ‡K c„w_exi
AvwZ¥KZvi Avkªq¯’j e‡j g‡b Kivi †h
cÖvPxb aviYvwU wQj, Gi d‡j †mwU cÖvY
†cj| myB‡W‡b Zuv‡K g~jZ cÖvP¨ cÖÁvi
e¨w³iƒc e‡j g‡b Kiv nZ| Zuvi Kve¨ I
bvUK mycwiwPZ †jLK‡`i g‡b Qvc
†d‡jwQj| Zuv‡`i g‡a¨ wQ‡jb Dan
Anderson, Gunnar Bjorling Ges
Par Lagerkvist| Gi d‡j †hUv nq Zv
ms¯‹…wZ¸wji g‡a¨Kvi Ø›Ø wbimb ev bZzb
AwfÁZv m„wói Ggb GKUv e¨vcvi hv
inm¨gqfv‡e k‡ãi AZxZ|
Aek¨ GKB m‡½ iex›`ªbv‡_i myB‡W‡bi
mdi¸‡jv Bw½Z w`w”Qj †h, Jcwb‡ewkK
kvmb †_‡K fviZ gyw³ cvIqvi c‡_|
Avevi GB Kvi‡YB Aí K‡qK eQi c‡i
cvðv‡Z¨ Zuvi RbwcÖqZv n«vm cvq| †kl
ch©š—, cwðg `ywbqvi †hme LvgwZi
mgv‡jvPbv wZwb K‡iwQ‡jb †mB LvgwZ¸‡jv
GZUvB cÖKU n‡q c‡o †h Zuvi cÖwZ †Kvb
¯’vqx AvMÖn _v‡Kwb| Avkv Kiv hvq,
mv¤cÖwZK eQi¸‡jv‡Z Zuvi †hme †jLv
Bs‡iwR Abyev‡` cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q Zv †_‡K
iex›`ªbv‡_i wbR¯^ ˆewkó¨mg~n AviI wek`
I Mfxifv‡e cvIqv hv‡e|
Abyev` mvjvg AvRv`
†jLK cwiwPZ
myB‡W‡bi Wvjvb©v wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Zzjbvg~jK
mvwnZ¨wefv‡Mi mnKvix Aa¨vcK Olavi
Hemmila ÷K‡nvg wek¦we`¨vj‡qi mvaviY I
Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨wefvM †_‡K wcGBP wW
M‡elYvi KvR mgvß K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi M‡elYvi
welq wQj: ÔEn yogi kommet till stan:
Intresset for indisk religion i svensk
skonlitteratur med sarskild tonvikt pa
Dan Anderssons forfattarskapÕ (GK
†hvMx G‡jb kn‡i: myB‡W‡bi K_vmvwn‡Z¨
fviZxq ag©wPš—v †hfv‡e cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡QÑ
Dan Anderssons-Gi iPbvmg~‡ni cÖwZ
we‡kl AvKl©Y †i‡L)|
31
bRi“j Bmjvg GB mg‡q
_vK‡Zb †gwWK¨vj K‡j‡Ri
m¤§y‡L 32bs K‡jR w÷ª‡U,
gyRd&di Avng` wQ‡jb Zuvi
mnK¶evmx‡`i Ab¨Zg|
bRi“‡ji cÖvZ¨wnK MwZwewa I
Kg©m~Pxi mÜvb Av‡M †_‡KB
Avgvi Rvbv _vKZ| GKw`b
mviv we‡KjUv bRi“‡ji m‡½
AvÇv w`‡q wVK Zvi ciw`b
mKvj †ejvq wM‡q †`wLÑ
bRi“j N‡i †bB| Zuvi GKRb
mnKg©x eÜz nvm‡Z nvm‡Z
ej‡jb, Ô†m †Zv Kvj ivwˇi
Kzwgj−vq P‡j †M‡Q|Õ Avwg
ejjvg, ÔKB Kvj †Zv wKQyB
e‡jwb|Õ Ôej‡e wK K‡i? Kvj
mܨvi c‡i GKRb f`ª‡jvK
G‡m wK me K_vevZ©v K‡q
Kzwgj−vq hvevi cÖ¯—ve Ki‡jb,
cÖ¯—ve Aby‡gv`b, mg_©b me
gyn~‡Z©i g‡a¨Ñ m‡½ m‡½
wkqvj`v †÷k‡b hvÎv|
cÖeÜ
bRi“jRxe‡b Kzwgj−v Aa¨vq
wZZvk †PŠayix
Kzwgj−vi Rxe‡b bRi“j GK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Aa¨v‡qi m~Pbv K‡iwQ‡jb| KviY Kzwgj−vq bRi“j gv I `yB
Rxebmw½bx bvix Lyu‡R †c‡qwQ‡jb| gv weiRvmy›`ix †`ex, bvix GKRb cÖgxjv, Ab¨Rb bvwM©m Avmvi
Lvbg| bRi“j Rxe‡b GB `yB bvix G‡mwQ‡jb wcÖqviƒ‡c, ea~iƒ‡c| ïf I Kj¨v‡Yi cÖZxK wn‡m‡e GB
`yB bvix bRi“jRxe‡b Avwef©~Zv n‡qwQ‡jb, bRi“j‡K wb‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb m„wói c‡_| d‡j evsjv mvwn‡Z¨
wZwb †mvbv djv‡Z mg_© n‡qwQ‡jb| KweZv Mvb I cwÎKv m¤úv`bv BZ¨vw` †¶‡ÎI wZwb bZzb gvÎv
†hvM K‡iwQ‡jb| e¯‘Z Kzwgj−vi m‡½ bRi“‡ji hZUv m¤úK© ¯’vwcZ n‡qwQj, evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨ †Kvb
A‡ji m‡½ GZUv m¤úK© ¯’vwcZ n‡qwQj e‡j g‡b nq bv|
bRi“j GKw`‡K †hgb Kzwgj−vi mgvRRxe‡bi gg©g~‡j cÖ‡ek K‡iwQ‡jb, Ab¨w`‡K †Zgwb wZwb
ivR‰bwZK Rxe‡biI m~Pbv K‡ib| wZwb ïay RvZxqZvev`x ivRbxwZi †fwiev`KB wQ‡jb bv, wZwb †mB
ivRbxwZi GKRb Kg©xI wQ‡jb| ¯^í mg‡qi Rb¨ n‡jI bRi“‡ji Rxe‡b Kwe I Kg©xi PgKcÖ` mgš^q
N‡UwQj Kzwgj−vq| d‡j ivRbxwZ I mgvRbxwZÑhyMcr GB `yB avivq wZwb Kzwgj−vi Rxe‡b bvbv PvÂj¨,
PgK, †ivgvÝ, we‡¶vf, msMÖvg I †`ªv‡ni m„wó K‡iwQ‡jb| g~jZ Kzwgj−vi m‡½ bRi“‡ji ˆeevwnK m¤úK©
QvovI Gi m‡½ wZwb mvs¯‹…wZK-HwZwn¨K I HwZnvwmK m¤úK© ¯’vc‡b Zrci wQ‡jb| bRi“j Kzwgj−vi
`yB gwnqmx bvixi cvwY MÖnY K‡i Kzwgj−vi m‡½ Zuvi wPivqZ bvwoi ms‡hvM NwU‡qwQ‡jb| Zuv‡`i
†cÖiYvq wZwb KweZv I msMxZ iPbv K‡i evsjvmvwnZ¨‡K wecyjfv‡e mg„× K‡ib| †gvUK_v, bRi“‡ji
mgMÖ Aw¯—Z¡B †bvOi †eu‡awQj Kzwgj−vi gvwU Avi gvby‡li m‡½|
32
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bRi“j Kzwgj−vq cuvPev‡ii gZ G‡mwQ‡jb|
Zuvi GB AvMgb-wbM©gb evsjv mvwn‡Z¨
gvBj djK n‡q Av‡Q| cÖ_‡gB Kzwgj−v n‡q
†`ŠjZcyi| Gi c‡ii Pvievi Kzwgj−vq|
†gvU †cŠ‡b GK eQ‡ii gZ mgq wZwb
Kzwgj−vq KvwU‡qwQ‡jb bvbv Abyl‡½, bvbv
cÖm‡½|
bRi“j Avwj AvKei Lv‡bi m‡½ 1921
mv‡ji GwcÖ‡ji cÖ_g w`‡K Kzwgj−vi
†`ŠjZcy‡i Av‡mb| Z‡e bRi“j KjKvZv
†_‡K †`ŠjZcy‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv Ki‡jI
c‡_ Kzwgj−vq hvÎvweiwZ N‡U| GwU
bRi“‡ji Kvi‡Y bq, Avwj AvKie Lv‡bi
Kvi‡YB| cÖm½Z GLv‡b bRi“‡ji
GKKv‡ji wcÖqfvRb myü` myjZvb gvngy`
gRyg`v‡ii ¯§„wZK_viI GKUz Avkªq †bqv
hvq| ÔLvbmv‡ne iv‡Z †Uªb †_‡K †b‡g
bRi“j‡K wb‡q Kzwgj−vi Kvw›`icv‡o
B›`ªKzgvi †m‡bi evmvq D‡Vb| B›`ªKzgvi
†m‡bi cyÎ ex‡i›`ª †mb wQ‡jb Avjx AvKei
Lv‡bi mna¨vqx| Zuviv GKm‡½ Kzwgj−v †Rjv
¯‹z‡j co‡Zb| ZLb †_‡KB Lvbmv‡n‡ei
IB evmvq hvZvqZ wQj| Lvbmv‡ne
weiRvmy›`ix‡K ÔgvÕ WvK‡jb| bRi“jI
Zuv‡K ÔgvÕ WvK‡Z _v‡Kb|... ex‡ib †mb‡K
bRi“j WvK‡Zb ÔivOv`vÕ| Avjx AvKei
Lvb KjKvZv †_‡K Kzwgj−v †cuŠQ‡bvi c‡ii
w`bB bRi“j‡K wb‡q †`ŠjZcy‡i †h‡Z Pvb|
weiRvmy›`ix ZLb m¤§y‡LB weòz, ˆPÎmsµvwš— I beel© Gme ce© Av‡Q e‡j Zv‡`i
1
†h‡Z w`‡jb bv|Õ Ae‡k‡l 1327 e½v‡ãi
23 ˆPÎ we‡Kj †ejv Avwj AvKie Lvb
bRi“j‡K wb‡q †`ŠjZcy‡i †cuŠ‡Qb|
bRi“‡ji †`ŠjZcy‡i hvIqv wb‡qI GKUz
cUf~wg Av‡Q| 1920 mv‡ji w`‡K bRi“‡ji
(1899-1976) m‡½ Avwj AvKei Lv‡bi
(1889-1977) cÖ_g cwiPq N‡U KjKvZvi
e½xq gymjgvb mvwnZ¨ mwgwZi Awd‡m|
m¤¢eZ †mB mgq †_‡K Df‡qi cwiPq Ges
eÜzZ¡| Avwj AvKei Lv‡bi K_vq, Ô†mB
1920-Gi gvP©-GwcÖ‡ji K_v| †gvm‡jg
fviZ cwÎKvi cwiPvjK AvdRvj-Dj nK
mv‡ne Avgvi GKRb wcÖq eÜz wQ‡jb|
Avgiv †m mg‡q gymwjg RvMi‡Yi Rb¨
mva¨gZ KvR KiwQjvg| AvdRvj-Dj nK
mv‡ne bRi“‡ji m‡½ Avgvi cwiPq Kwi‡q
w`‡qwQ‡jb| cÖ_g cwiP‡qB Avgiv Aš—i½
2
n‡q D‡VwQjvg|Õ Kg‡iW gyRd&di
Avng‡`i K_vqI G myi A¯úó bq| Ôe½xq
gymjgvb mvwnZ¨ mwgwZi Awd‡mi m‡½
Avjx AvKei Lv‡bi NwbóZv evovi m‡½
m‡½ GKw`b Avgiv mK‡j †`‡L AevK n‡q
†Mjvg, †h wZwb mwgwZi GKLvbv †QvU N‡i
Zuvi weQvbv †c‡Z wb‡q‡Qb| wVK GB mg‡q
bRi“j Bmjvg Avgv‡`i m‡½ _vK‡Z Gj|
Zuvi m‡½ Avjx AvKei Lv‡bi cwiPq †Zv
njB, †m Lv‡bi Amy‡L wKwÂr †mevI Kij|
3
wZwb evn¨Z fvj n‡q DV‡jb|Õ mwgwZi
Awd‡m Avkªq wb‡jI gvSLv‡b bRi“j
†`IN‡i P‡j wM‡qwQ‡jb| wK g‡b K‡i
K‡qKw`‡bi g‡a¨ wZwb Avevi mwgwZi
Awd‡m wd‡i G‡mwQ‡jb| GB mg‡q,
gyRd&di Avng‡`i K_vq, ÔAvjx AvKei
Lvb Zuv‡K a‡i ej‡jb, Pjyb KvRx mv‡ne,
Avgvi m‡½ Avgv‡`i evwo‡Z|Õ Zvi gv‡b
wÎcyiv †Rjvi Kzwgj−v gnKzgvi Aaxb
†`ŠjZcyi MÖv‡g| bRi“j Avgvi gZ Rvb‡Z
†P‡qwQj, †m hv‡e wKbv| Avwg Zv‡K †h‡Z
eviY K‡iwQjvg... †kl ch©š— bRi“j
GKw`b Avgv‡K bv e‡jB Avjx AvKei
4
Lv‡bi m‡½ P‡j †Mj|Õ cÖm½Z bRi“‡ji
Aš—i½ eÜz bwjbxKvš— miKv‡ii ¯§„wZK_vI
D‡j−L Kiv hvq| wZwb e‡jb, bRi“j
Bmjvg GB mg‡q _vK‡Zb †gwWK¨vj
K‡j‡Ri m¤§y‡L 32bs K‡jR w÷ª‡U,
gyRd&di
Avng`
wQ‡jb
Zuvi
mnK¶evmx‡`i Ab¨Zg| bRi“‡ji
cÖvZ¨wnK MwZwewa I Kg©m~Pxi mÜvb Av‡M
†_‡KB Avgvi Rvbv _vKZ| GKw`b mviv
we‡KjUv bRi“‡ji m‡½ AvÇv w`‡q wVK
Zvi ciw`b mKvj †ejvq wM‡q †`wLÑ
bRi“j N‡i †bB| Zuvi GKRb mnKg©x eÜz
nvm‡Z nvm‡Z ej‡jb, Ô†m †Zv Kvj ivwˇi
Kzwgj−vq P‡j †M‡Q|Õ Avwg ejjvg, ÔKB
Kvj †Zv wKQyB e‡jwb|Õ Ôej‡e wK K‡i?
Kvj mܨvi c‡i GKRb f`ª‡jvK G‡m wK
me K_vevZ©v K‡q Kzwgj−vq hvevi cÖ¯—ve
Ki‡jb, cÖ¯—ve Aby‡gv`b, mg_©b me
gyn~‡Z©i g‡a¨Ñ m‡½ m‡½ wkqvj`v †÷k‡b
5
hvÎv|Õ
bRi“j Avjx AvKei Lv‡bi m‡½
†`ŠjZcyi wK ïay †eov‡bvi Rb¨B
G‡mwQ‡jb? Kzwgj−vi mvs¯‹…wZK HwZwn¨K
AvKl©Y wK Zuvi †fZi wµqvkxj wQj bv?
ZLb Kzwgj−v‡K ejv nZ ZrKvjxb
evsjv‡`‡ki mvs¯‹…wZK ivRavbx| G Lei
wbðqB bRi“‡ji Rvbv wQj| Avgvi †Zv
g‡b nqÑ †mRb¨B bRi“j Kzwgj−vq †eov‡Z
G‡mwQ‡jb| m½x wQ‡jb Avjx AvKei Lvb|
bRi“j †`ŠjZcy‡i cÖvq AvovB gv‡mi
gZ Ae¯’vb K‡iwQ‡jb| Avjx AvKei
Lv‡bi evwo‡Z bRi“j Av`i-hZœ I mgv`‡i
wQ‡jb| G K_v Kg‡iW gyRd&di Avng`I
¯^xKvi K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb, ÔG evwo‡ZI
Zuvi A‡bK Av`i-Avc¨vqb n‡Z jvMj|
Avjx AvKei Lv‡bi GK weaev eo †evb
(w`w`) Zuv‡`i cwiev‡ii KΩx¯^iƒcv wQ‡jb|
wZwb bRi“j‡K gv‡qi gZ †øn Ki‡Z
6
jvM‡jb| Avjx AvKei Lv‡bi wb‡Ri
K_vqI Gi GKwU wPÎ D‡V G‡m‡Q|
ÔAvgv‡`i †g‡Sv †evb GLZvi“b‡bmv‡K
bRi“j ÔgvÕ e‡j WvKZ| wZwbI Zv‡K
cyÎZyj¨ †øn Ki‡Zb, KviY wZwb wbtmš—vb
7
wQ‡jb|Õ
Avwg K‡qKeviB bRi“‡ji weevn
m¤úwK©Z welqwU Rvb‡Z †`ŠjZcyi hvB|
†`ŠjZcyi ÔLuv evwoÕ hvIqv AZ mnR wQj
bv| GL‡bv ILv‡b †h‡Z †jvKR‡bi Kv‡Q
c‡_i w`kv Rvb‡Z nq| ivRc_ †_‡K †ek
wKQy `~‡iB Avjx AvKei Lv‡bi evwo| 1921
mv‡j wK K‡i bRi“j Ggb GKwU AR
cvovMuv‡q †eovevi mvnm K‡iwQ‡jb, Zv
AvRI fveevi welq|
ÔLuv evwoÕ‡Z wM‡q Avwg †mw`b (12
†deª“qvwi, 1990) Avjx AvKei Lv‡bi
åvZy®úyÎ Iqv‡R` Avjx Lv‡bi mv¶vr cvB|
Avm‡j ÔLuv evwoÕ‡Z GLb †KD _v‡Kb bv|
mevB evB‡i emevm K‡ib| Iqv‡R` Avjx
Lvb mv‡neI (eZ©gv‡b g„Z) Kzwgj−v nvDwRs
G‡÷‡U evwo K‡iwQ‡jb| Avgvi K_v ï‡b
wZwb †`vZjv †_‡K wb‡P †b‡g G‡jb|
GKZjvi GKwU K‡¶ Avgv‡K em‡Z
ej‡jb| cÖm½Z ejv `iKvi, evwowU ZLb
m¤ú~Y© A‡MvQvj, Acwi”Qbœ| Ggwb‡Z weivU
evwo| mvg‡b Avwjkvb AÆvwjKv| GB
AÆvwjKvi bvg ÔAvwj AvKei Lvb
†g‡gvwi‡qjÕ| Gi Wvbcv‡k bvbv Rv‡Zi
e„‡¶i mvwi, euvcv‡k ivbœvNi, cyKzi I
cvwievwiK †Mvi¯’vb| mvg‡b w`Mš— we¯—„Z
dm‡ji gvV|
Iqv‡R` Avjx Lvb wQ‡jb mgev‡qi
†Rjv wnmve wbix¶K| Zuv‡K Avwg bRi“j
m¤ú‡K© G ch©v‡q wR‡Ám Kwi| wZwb †Zgb
wKQyB ej‡Z cv‡ibwb| ïay GK mgq
ej‡jb, ÔbRi“j Luv evwo‡Z Ae¯’vbKv‡j
GB Avjxkvb AÆvwjKv wQj bv| K‡qKwU Ni
wQj gvÎ| hÏyi g‡b c‡o, bRi“j‡K
cyKz‡ii avi‡Nu‡l GKwU N‡i _vK‡Z †`qv
n‡qwQj| GLb †mLv‡b GKwU ivbœvNi Av‡Q|
bRi“j w`‡bi †ek wKQy mgqB evwoi †QvU
†QvU †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i m‡½ ˆn ˆP K‡i
KvUv‡Zb| †ek wKQy mgq e¨q Ki‡Zb
cyKz‡i muvZvi †K‡U I euvwk evwR‡q| wZwb
Av‡iv ej‡jb, ÔbRi“j †hw`b Avgv‡`i
evwo‡Z Av‡mb, Gi ciw`b Zuv‡K wb‡q
Avgvi PvPv gybwk evwo‡Z hvb| H evwo‡Z
Avgvi PvPvi GK †evb‡K we‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb|
†m myev‡` wZwb †evb‡K †`L‡Z wM‡qwQ‡jb|
KvRx bRi“j Bmjvg‡KI m‡½ wb‡q hvb|
†mLv‡bB bvwM©‡mi m‡½ bRi“‡ji cÖ_g †`Lv
nq| Aek¨ bvwM©‡mi c~e©bvg ˆmq`v LvZzb|
gv AvmgvZz‡bœmv Ges evev gybwk Ave`yj
ReŸvi| Avgiv mevB ÔQweÕ e‡j WvKZvg|
ÔbvwM©mÕ bRi“j cÖ`Ë bvg| fvj K_v, Gi
w`b `yÕGK ciB bvwM©m Avgvi GK fvB‡qi
we‡q Dcj‡¶ Avgv‡`i evwo‡Z Av‡m|
GLv‡b A‡bKw`b _v‡K|Õ
bRi“j-bvwM©‡mi cÖ_g mv¶vrKvi
m¤ú‡K© Avjx AvKei Lvb e‡jb, Ô1328Gi 22 ˆekvL Avgvi eo fvB †bRveZ Avjx
33
Lv‡bi GKgvÎ mš—vb Avw¤^qvi we‡q n‡qwQj
Avgv‡`i fvwM‡bq Ave`yj ReŸv‡ii m‡½|
†mB weevn Abyôv‡bB Avgv‡`i fvwMœ ˆmq`vI
G‡mwQj| bRi“j cÖ_g `k©‡bB I‡K
8
fvj‡e‡m †d‡j, ˆmq`vI|Õ
Avjx AvKei Lv‡bi K_vi m‡½ bvwM©‡mi
K_vi Awgj †bB| wZwb e‡jb, Ô1328-Gi
22 ˆekvL Avgvi eo fvB gybwk Ave`yj
ReŸvi mv‡n‡ei we‡q nq Avgv‡`i evwo‡Z
Avgvi GK gvgv‡Zv †evb Avw¤^qv LvZzb
gvwb‡Ki m‡½| †mB we‡q‡Z Avwg
wM‡qwQjvg Ges we‡qi Abyôv‡b MvbI
9
†M‡qwQjvg| †mB †_‡K Avgv‡`i cwiPq|
G m¤ú‡K© gyRd&di Avng‡`i e³e¨I Lye
GKUv Zdvr bv| wZwb e‡jb, ÔbRi“‡ji
hvIqv‡K Dcj¶ K‡i Avjx AvKei Lv‡bi
GB eo †ev‡bivI Zuv‡`i evwo‡Z hvZvqvZ
Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| mwZ¨B bRi“‡ji †jvK
AvKl©‡Yi AmvaviY kw³ wQj| GB m~‡Î
weevn‡hvM¨v †g‡qwUi m‡½ bRi“‡ji cwiPq
10
nq|Õ
ZrKvjxb cwi‡e‡k ÔLuv evwoÕ‡Z bRi“jbvwM©m GKm‡½ †gkvi my‡hvM †c‡qwQj wKbv
G cÖ‡kœi Rev‡e Iqv‡R` Avjx Lvb Rvbvb,
ÔAek¨B †c‡q‡Q| †Kbbv Avgv‡`i evwoi
A‡bK †Q‡j‡g‡qi m‡½ bRi“j †hgb
Aev‡a †gjv‡gkvi my‡hvM †c‡q‡Q, †Zgwb
bvwM©‡mi m‡½I| Aek¨ Zv‡`i †cÖ‡gi
e¨vcv‡i Avwg wKQy ej‡Z cvie bv Avgvi
eq‡mi Kvi‡YB| KviY ZLb Avgvi eqm
`‡ki AwaK wQj bv| bvwM©‡mi eqmI ZLb
†Z‡iv wK †PvÏ wQj| Z‡e bRi“j bvwM©‡mi
m‡½ †h GKwU wbweo m¤úK© M‡o Zzj‡Z
†P‡qwQ‡jbÑ Zv wKQyUv Av›`vR Ki‡Z
†c‡iwQjvg|Õ
Aek¨ bRi“j-bvwM©‡mi cwiPq I †cÖg
Avjx AvKei Lv‡bi K_vq †hgb my¯úó,
†Zgwb bvwM©‡mi K_vqI Zuviv cÖ_g `k©‡bB
ci¯úi‡K fvj‡e‡m †d‡jwQ‡jb| †hgb
bvwM©m e‡jb, ÔcÖ_g †`Lvi ci †_‡K KLb
wKfv‡e `yÕRb `yÕRb‡K fvj‡e‡m
†d‡jwQjvg| bRi“j †Zv Avgv‡K wb‡q
†`ŠjZcy‡iB A‡bK¸‡jv KweZv I Mvb
wj‡LwQj| Avgv‡K GK bRi bv †`L‡j †m
11
gbgiv n‡q †hZ|Õ G m¤ú‡K© Kg‡iW
gyRd&di Avng‡`i K_vqI Lye GKUv dvivK
†bB| Ô...cÖ_g cwiP‡qi c‡i GB †g‡qwUi
m‡½ bRi“‡ji NwbôZv †e‡o hvq| bRi“j
12
Zv‡K wbðqB fvj‡e‡mwQj| bRi“jmyü`
myjZvb gvngy` gRyg`v‡ii †jLwb‡ZI GKB
myi †e‡R D‡V‡Q| ÔbvwM©m‡K bRi“j †Zv
cÖvq `yÕgv‡mi gZ mgq wb‡Ri g‡bi gvayix
w`‡q iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb... bRi“j bvwM©m‡K
Avwe®‹vi K‡i‡Qb wZj wZj K‡i| m„wó
K‡i‡Qb c‡j c‡j wbKUZg mvwbœ‡a¨i Øviv|
bvwM©m Zuv‡K eiY K‡i wb‡qwQ‡jb cyY¨
13
†cÖ‡gi Awf‡l‡K|
34
bRi“j-bvwM©‡mi GB †cÖgB Ae‡k‡l
cwiY‡q iƒcvš—wiZ nq| G †¶‡Î bRi“jB
we‡qi cÖ¯—ve w`‡qwQ‡jb| Ges bRi“‡ji
K_vbymv‡iB we‡qi w`b-¶Y wVK nq 1921
mv‡ji 17 Ryb †gvZv‡eK 1328 m‡bi 3iv
Avlvp| Av‡iv mve¨¯— nq we‡qi ci
AvcvZZ bvwM©m †`ŠjZcyi _vK‡e| c‡i
Zv‡K GLvb †_‡K DwV‡q †bqv n‡e| myjZvb
gvngy` gRyg`v‡ii fvlvq, ÔM„‡ni KΩx
bvwM©‡mi eo Lvjvi mš‘wói R‡b¨ K_v njÑ
GLb ïay AvK&` n‡e c‡i bRi“‡ji AvZ¥xq14
¯^Rb wb‡q kªveY gv‡m i“QgZ n‡e|Õ
wbw`©ó w`‡b Luv evwo‡ZB bRi“jbvwM©‡mi AvK` m¤úbœ nq| GB we‡q
cwo‡qwQ‡jb bvwM©‡mi eo fvB gybwk
Ave`yj ReŸvi| Gi DwKj n‡qwQ‡jb
bvwM©‡mi eo gvgv AvjZvd Avjx Lvb|
†Q‡ji c‡¶ A_©vr bRi“‡ji c‡¶ mvw¶
n‡qwQ‡jb Rbve mv`Z Avjx gv÷vi Avi
†g‡qi c‡¶i A_©vr bvwM©‡mi c‡¶ mvw¶
n‡qwQ‡jb gybwk ˆmq` Avjx gv÷vi|
ej‡ZB nq, Bmjv‡gi weavb g‡Z GB
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Zvjv‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb nq|
wZb.
bRi“j-bvwM©‡mi GB weevnÑ evsjv mvwn‡Z¨
Zzgyj weZ‡K©i m„wó K‡i‡Q| g~jZ G
weZ‡K©i cÖ_g m~Pbv K‡ib Kg‡iW gyRd&di
Avng`| wZwb Zuvi KvRx bRi“j cÖm‡½ [11
ˆR¨ô, 1366] cÖ_g MÖ‡š’ bRi“j-bvwM©‡mi
AvK&` n‡qwQj e‡j ¯^xKvi Ki‡jI
ci¶‡YB Zuvi gb gwZ I g‡Zi cwieZ©b
NwU‡qwQ‡jb| Zuvi fvlvq, ÔbRi“j
Bmjv‡gi m‡½ GKwU gymwjg †g‡qi ÔAvK&`Õ
(we‡qi Pzw³) n‡qwQj Ges ci¶‡YB †m
we‡q †f‡½I wM‡qwQjÕ| Avevi GB gyRd&di
Avng`B Zuvi KvRx bRi“j Bmjvg
¯§„wZK_vi Z…Zxq ms¯‹i‡Y D‡j−L K‡ib:
ÔKvRx bRi“j Bmjv‡gi m‡½ †h ˆmq`v
LvZzb I‡d© bvwM©m †eM‡gi we‡q (AvK&`)
nqwb GB m¤^‡Ü Avwg w¯’i wbwðZ n‡qwQ|
B›`ªKzgvi †mb¸‡ßi evmv †_‡K †h KÕRb
wbgwš¿Z †`ŠjZcy‡i wM‡qwQ‡jb Zuv‡`i
wfZ‡i m‡š—vlKzgvi †mb bvgK c‡bi †lvj
eQ‡ii GKRb wK‡kvi wQj| Zvi K_vevZ©v
†evSvi I g‡b ivLvi eqm n‡qwQj| NUbv
wgwj‡q †bevi R‡b¨ Avwg Zv‡K MZ K‡qK
ermi LyuRwQjvg| Ae‡k‡l m‡š—v‡li m‡½
Avgvi †`Lv n‡q‡Q| †m fviZ Mfb©‡g‡›Ui
GKRb †M‡R‡UW Awdmvi wQj| GLb
Aemi MÖnY K‡i‡Q| Zvi †`qv Z_¨ †_‡K
†evSv hv‡”Q †h, Avjx AvKei LvbI we‡q
†f‡O w`‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| ZvB †m we‡q bv
K‡iB gRwjk n‡Z D‡V iv‡ÎB cv‡q †nu‡U
Kzwgj−vq P‡j hvq| [45 wK‡jvwgUvi c_
cv‡q nuvUv m¤¢e bq| Avi †nu‡U G‡jI
mKv‡j Kzwgj−vi †mbevwo‡Z †cuŠQ‡bv
Am¤¢e| KviY Zviv †kl iv‡Z †`ŠjZcyi
†_‡K iIbv n‡qwQ‡jb] Zvi gv‡b GB †h,
ˆmq`v LvZzb I‡d© bvwM©m †eM‡gi m‡½
bRi“j Bmjv‡gi AvK&` ev weevn
G‡Kev‡iB nqwb|Õ (c„. 113) G cÖm‡½ wZwb
weiRvmy›`ix †`exi GKwU cÖe‡Üi DׄwZ
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DׄwZ w`‡q Zv mZ¨ e‡j cÖgv‡Yi †Póv
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c~e© cwiwPZ| †m we‡qi mgq †`ŠjZcyi
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gš—‡e¨i wKQyUv Avfvm †c‡qwQjvg| †m hv
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wM‡q Kv`v n‡q hvq| gvwU‡Z cv w`‡Z Mv
wNb wNb K‡i, evwo‡Z †jLvcov †bB, Avjx
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bv| cvÎxi gvÎ A¶i cwiPq Av‡QÕÓ
BZ¨vw`| GKB K_v Luv evwoi A‡b‡KB
we‡kl K‡i Rbve Iqv‡R` Avjx LvbI
Avgv‡K e‡jwQ‡jb| GLb cÖkœ nj bRi“jbvwM©‡mi we‡qi wKQyw`b ci †h wK‡kvi m‡š—
vlKzgvi †mb myjZvb gvngy` gRyg`vi‡K †h
e³e¨ w`‡qwQ‡jbÑ †mB GKB m‡š—vlKzgvi
†mb we‡qi cÖvq 48 eQi c‡i gyRd&di
Avng‡`i Kv‡Q †Kb Ab¨ iKg mv¶¨ †`b?
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35
m‡Ë¡I K_v-evZ©vq †Kvb AvoóZv wQj bv
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16
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36
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17
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18
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19
Drm‡e cÖgxjvi †hvM †`qv Am¤¢e K_v|Õ
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m‡½ wb‡q Avwg 8 RyjvB (1921) Zvwi‡L
20
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21
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mvs¯‹…wZK I mvsMxwZK Rxe‡bI bRi“j
†Rvqvi †W‡K G‡bwQ‡jb| †gvU K_v,
bRi“j Kzwgj−vq GKwU wÎgyLx PP©vi c_ cÖk¯—
K‡iwQ‡jb| d‡j me©¯—‡ii gvbyl bRi“‡ji
bv‡g cvMj n‡q D‡VwQj, we‡kl K‡i
ZLbKvi Zi“Y mgvR|
Av‡M e‡jwQ, bRi“j Kzwgj−vq G‡j †h
evwo‡Z (B›`ªKzgvi †m‡bi evwo) emevm
Ki‡ZbÑ †m evwo‡ZI ZLb ïay mvs¯‹…wZK
I mvsMxwZK nvIqvB bq, ˆec−weK
AvenvIqvI engvb wQj| †Kb-bv B›`ªKzgvi
†m‡bi Kb¨v Kgjv Ges åvZz®úyÎx
AvkvjZvÑ Df‡qB Amn‡hv‡Mi Kvi‡Y ¯‹zj
22
†Q‡owQ‡jb|Õ B›`ªKzgvi †m‡bi GKgvÎ
cyÎ ex‡ib †mbI ¯‹z‡ji wk¶KZv Z¨vM
K‡ib| G †Mj GKw`‡Ki wPÎ| Ab¨ w`‡K
†`ŠjZcyi AvNv‡Zi ci AvkvjZv I Zuvi
KvKxgv weiRvmy›`ix †`ex Ges wMwievjv
†`exi AvPvi-AvPiY, i“wP I †gRvR
bRi“j‡K AvK…ó K‡i| me wKQy wgwj‡qB
bRi“j GKwU w¯’i we›`y‡Z †cuŠ‡Q
wM‡qwQ‡jb| †m Avi wKQy bqÑ AvkvjZv
†mb¸ßvi †cÖg hv”Tv| ïay bRi“j bq,
†cÖg-fvjevmvi bZzb Drm †`Lv wM‡qwQj
`ywji g‡a¨I| bRi“jI cÖ_g †cÖ‡gi
cÖZ¨vL¨v‡bi cÖPÊ AvNv‡Z w`‡knviv Zi“Y
†cÖwgKÑ `ywji g‡a¨B Lyu‡R †c‡qwQ‡jb
g‡bi gvbyl| d‡j †cÖ‡gi AvKzjZvq e¨vKzj
n‡qB wZwb KjKvZv †_‡K Kzwgj−vq
Avbv‡Mvbv ïi“ K‡ib| Kzwgj−vq bRi“‡ji
GKw`‡K ivR‰bwZK m¤ú„³Zv, Ab¨w`‡K
†cÖ‡gi AwMœR¡vjv| GB `yB Ae¯’vi wbwi‡LB
Kwe-mgv‡jvPK †gvnv¤§` gvndzRDj−vn
D”PviY K‡ib: Kzwgj−vi Kvw›`icv‡o
Ae¯’vbKv‡j †cÖwgK I msMÖvgx bRi“j
GKav‡i ¯^‡`k‡cÖg I RvZxqZv‡eva,
Ab¨av‡i †ivgvw›UKZv I †cÖgvbyf~wZi wewPÎ
23
DrmviY NwU‡q‡Qb|Õ
bRi“j 1992 mv‡ji 22 †deª“qvwi
GKevi Kzwgj−vq Av‡mb| GwU Kzwgj−vq Zuvi
Z…Zxqevi AvMgb| G hvÎvq wZwb Kzwgj−vq
Pvi gv‡mi gZ wQ‡jb| G mgq wZwb bvbv
Rv‡Zi, bvbv c‡_i Ges bvbv g‡Zi gvby‡li
m‡½ AvÇv w`‡q †ewo‡qwQ‡jb| A‡b‡Ki
evwo‡Z wM‡q Mvb-evRbv K‡i‡Qb| duv‡K
duv‡K AvkvjZv †mb¸ßvi m‡½ cÖYq-msjvc
†m‡i‡Qb| bRi“j GB mg‡q Zuvi eÜz
myjZvb gvngy` gRyg`v‡ii m‡½ wf‡±vwiqv
K‡j‡Ri ivYxi `xwNi cv‡oi fv½vNv‡U,
wcÖwÝcv‡ji evmfe‡b Ges K‡jR †nv‡÷‡j
wM‡qwQ‡jb| myjZvb gvngy` gRyg`vi ZLb
wf‡±vwiqv K‡j‡Ri D”P gva¨wgK K¬v‡ki
QvÎ wQ‡jb| GKw`b bRi“j †nv‡÷‡ji
GKwU K‡¶ e‡m weRwqbx KweZvwU iPbv
K‡iwQ‡jb| Ges GwU Zvr¶wYKfv‡e GKwU
Lv‡g myjZvb gvngy` gRyg`vi gvidZ `ywji
KwecZœx cÖgxjv KvRx
GKw`b bRi“j †nv‡÷‡ji GKwU
K‡¶ e‡m weRwqbx KweZvwU
iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb| Ges GwU
Zvr¶wYKfv‡e GKwU Lv‡g
myjZvb gvngy` gRyg`vi gvidZ
`ywji Kv‡Q †cÖiY K‡iwQ‡jb|
c‡i GB weL¨vZ KweZv MvbwU
Qvcvi Rb¨ †gvm‡jg fvi‡Z
cvwV‡qwQ‡jb| G cÖm‡½ Kg‡iW
gyRd&di Avng‡`i K_v ¯§Z©e¨|
wZwb e‡jb, Ô†gvm‡jg fvi‡Z
Qvcv‡bvi R‡b¨ bRi“‡ji wbKU
n‡Z GKw`b Wv‡K GKwU Mvb
Gj| MvbwU AvdRvj-Dj nK
mv‡ne Avgvq co‡Z w`‡jb Ges
ej‡jb, wMwievjv †`exi †g‡qi
m‡½ bRi“‡ji we‡q wVK n‡q
†Mj| Avwg ejjvg, ÔKwe wj‡L‡Q
GKwU MvbÑ Zvi wfZi †_‡K
Avcwb Avevi we‡q Lyu‡R †ei
Ki‡Qb †Kb?Õ AvdRvj mv‡ne
ej‡jb, Avcbvi †hgb eyw×|Õ
Kv‡Q †cÖiY K‡iwQ‡jb| c‡i GB weL¨vZ
KweZv MvbwU Qvcvi Rb¨ †gvm‡jg fvi‡Z
cvwV‡qwQ‡jb| G cÖm‡½ Kg‡iW gyRd&di
Avng‡`i K_v ¯§Z©e¨| wZwb e‡jb,
Ô†gvm‡jg fvi‡Z Qvcv‡bvi R‡b¨ bRi“‡ji
wbKU n‡Z GKw`b Wv‡K GKwU Mvb Gj|
MvbwU AvdRvj-Dj nK mv‡ne Avgvq
co‡Z w`‡jb Ges ej‡jb, wMwievjv †`exi
†g‡qi m‡½ bRi“‡ji we‡q wVK n‡q †Mj|
Avwg ejjvg, ÔKwe wj‡L‡Q GKwU MvbÑ Zvi
wfZi †_‡K Avcwb Avevi we‡q Lyu‡R †ei
Ki‡Qb †Kb?Õ AvdRvj mv‡ne ej‡jb,
24
Avcbvi †hgb eyw×|Õ
e¯‘Z GB weRwqbx KweZvB gyRd&di
Avng‡`i g‡Z cÖgxjv †mb¸ßvi m‡½
bRi“‡ji cÖYq m¤úK© ¯’vc‡bi cÖ_g cÖKvk¨
†NvlYv| Avm‡j G mg‡q bRi“j AvkvjZv
†mb¸ßvi ü`‡qi Lye KvQvKvwQ P‡j
G‡mwQ‡jb| A_©vr Df‡qi ü`‡qi m¤úK©
cÖvq ¯’vwcZ n‡q wM‡qwQj| hw`I AvkvjZvi
eqm ZLb †PvÏ Avi bRi“‡ji †ZBk|
1923 mv‡ji 15 wW‡m¤^B bRi“j
†klev‡ii gZ †Rj †_‡K †ewi‡q mivmwi
Kzwgj−vq Av‡mb| Gi Av‡M 1922 mv‡ji
A‡±ve‡i †MÖdZvwi Gov‡bvi Rb¨ Kzwgj−vq
AvZ¥‡Mvcb K‡iwQ‡jb| Zv‡ZI †kl i¶v
nqwb| hvB †nvK, bRi“j †klhvÎvq
wPiKv‡ji Rb¨ Kzwgj−v †Q‡owQ‡jb|
bRi“‡ji Kzwgj−v Z¨v‡Mi K‡qKw`b ci
wMwievjv †`ex mKb¨v wenv‡ii mgw¯—cy‡i
Zuvi wcÎvj‡q P‡j hvb| †mLvb †_‡K cÖ_‡g
KjKvZvi A`~‡i evwj MÖv‡gi GK evwo‡Z
Aebx‡gvn‡bi ZË¡veav‡b wKQyw`b wQ‡jb|
evwj †_‡K Zuviv KjKvZvq 6 nvRx †j‡bi
GKwU †QvÆ evwo‡Z I‡Vb| GB evwo‡ZB
wg‡mm Gg. ingv‡bi D‡`¨v‡M I A_©vbyK‚‡j¨
1331 e½v‡ãi 12 ˆekvL (1924 mv‡ji
25 GwcÖ j ) ïµevi AvkvjZvi m‡½
bRi“‡ji weevn m¤úbœ nq| Kvwebbvgvq
25
†`b‡gvni †jLv nq GK nvRvi UvKv|Õ
ÔAvn‡j †KZvweÕ g‡ZB bRi“jAvkvjZv †mb¸ßvi we‡q m¤úbœ n‡qwQj| G
we‡q cov‡Z †Kvb †gvj−v-KvRx ivwR bv
nIqvq bRi“‡ji eÜz gCbyÏxb ûgvqb
KvRxi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| DwKj k¦ï‡ii
`vwqZ¡¡ cvjb K‡iwQ‡jb Gm. Iqv‡R`
Avjx| we‡qi ci AvkvjZv †mb¸ßvi bZzb
bvgKiY Kiv nq cÖgxjv bRi“j| e¯‘Z
bRi“j-cÖgxjvi weev‡n †mb cwievi QvovI
i¶Ykxj wn›`y‡`i we‡ivwaZvI eo Aí wQj
bv| G mg‡q eªvþivI cig wn›`y n‡q
c‡owQ‡jb|
cuvP.
bRi“jRxe‡b Kzwgj−v Aa¨v‡q iwPZ Zuvi
cO&w³gvjviI D‡j−L Ki‡Z nq| g~jZ `yB
bvix A_©vr bvwM©m I cÖgxjvB Zuvi mvwnZ¨
†cÖiYvi DrmgyL Ly‡j w`‡qwQ‡jb| †h †cŠ‡Y
GK eQ‡ii gZ bRi“j Kywgj−vq Ae¯’vb
K‡iwQ‡jb wewfbœ mg‡q I Kv‡jÑ Gi g‡a¨
iwPZ AwaKvsk KweZv, Mvb, MRj BZ¨vw`i
Drm Kzwgj−vi AvkvjZv †mb¸ßv Ges
37
†`ŠjZcy‡i ˆmq`v LvZzb I‡d© bvwM©m Avmvi
Lvbg| Gi evB‡iI Aek¨ Zuvi wKQy m„wó
Av‡Q| Z‡e GB `yB †cÖqmx‡K †K›`ª K‡iB
bRi“j Kzwgj−v I †`ŠjZcy‡i A‡bK KweZv
Mvb I Qov iPbv K‡ib|
Gme iPbv Zuvi †`vjb-Puvcv (cÖKvkKvj
Avwk¦b, 1330), QvqvbU (cÖKvkKvj Avwk¦b,
1332), cy‡ei nvIqv (cÖKvkKvj Avwk¦b,
1332), wS‡Odzj (cÖKvkKvj ˆPÎ, 1333),
P µ e v K (cÖKvkKvj fv`ª, 1336) cÖf„wZ
Kve¨MÖ‡š’i Aš—fy©³| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ KweZv
Mvb MRj iPbvi †¶‡Î G ai‡bi cUf~wg
Avi †Kvb Kwei †ejvq Lyu‡R cvIqv hv‡e wKbv ejv k³|
bRi“j Rxe‡bi 1921 mvj †_‡K 1926
mvj ch©š— cÖej m„wói Kvj| G mg‡qB
Avgiv Zuvi iPbv¸wji mv¶vr cvB|
cÖj‡qvj−vm (iPbv Kzwgj−v, 1329-Gi cqjv
ˆekvL, 1922-Gi 15 GwcÖj) †_‡K we‡`ªvnx
(iPbvKvj wW‡m¤^i, 1922), Ges hyMevYx
(A‡±vei, 1922), †_‡K ivRe›`xi
Revbe›`x (1926) cÖf„wZ GB mg‡qi
iPbv| †hgbwU bRi“jwe‡klÁ bvivqY
†PŠayix e‡jb, Ô1920 †_‡K 1926 mvj
ch©š— bRi“j Kg‡iW gyRd&di Avng`,
Kg‡iW Ave`yj nvwj‡gi †`Šj‡Z cÖZ¨¶
A_ev c‡iv‡¶ mvg¨ev`x fv‡ei cÖfvevax‡b
wQ‡jb| ZvB †`Lv hvq bZzb wPš—v-†PZbv
mgwš^Z KweZv I Mvb iPbvi w`K w`‡q GB
KvjUvB wQj bRi“j Rxe‡bi me‡P‡q mg„×
dm‡ji Kvj| wnmve wb‡j †Pv‡L co‡e, †m
†hb `xN© †iLvq wejw¤^Z bZzb fv‡ei KweZv
I Mv‡bi GK mvwie× wgwQj| m„wómy‡Li
Dj−v‡mi †m GK Avðh© Avwe®‹vi| m„Rbx
Av‡e‡Mi †m GK AvKw¯§K cÖPÊ we‡ùviY|
†KvievYx, †Lqvcv‡qi ZiYx, we‡`ªvnx, Avgvi
ˆKwdqr, dwiqv`, mvg¨ev`x, e›`xi e›`bv,
fvOvi Mvb, Avb›`gqxi AvMg‡b, fvO‡bi
Mvb, kªwg‡Ki Mvb, PiKvi Mvb, KvÊvix
ûuwkqvi bvgK cÖwm× †Kvivm, Aš—i-b¨vkbvj
msMxZ cÖf„wZ mycwiwPZ KweZv I Mvb GB
26
c‡e©iB iPbv|Õ
GLv‡b ejevi K_v GB †h, bRi“‡ji
Rxe‡b cÖgxjv I bvwM©‡mi cÖfve wQj
AcÖwZnZ, AcÖwZ‡iva¨| d‡j Zuv‡`i †cÖiYv
I †cÖvrmv‡n bRi“j evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ †mvbv
djv‡Z mg_© n‡qwQ‡jb| Ô...Avgvi Aš—h©vgx
Rv‡bb, †Zvgvi Rb¨ Avgvi ü`‡q wK Mfxi
¶Z, wK Amxg †e`bv! wK¯‘ †m †e`bvi
Av¸‡b AvwgB cy‡owQ, Zv w`‡q †Zvgv‡K
†Kvbw`b `» Ki‡Z PvBwb| Zzwg G Av¸‡bi
cikgwY bv w`‡j, Avwg AwMœexYv evRv‡Z
cviZvg bv, Avwg a~g‡KZzi we¯§q wb‡q
Dw`Z n‡Z cviZvg bv|Õ
bRi“‡ji Kzwgj−vq iwPZ D‡j−L‡hvM¨
iPbv¸wji g‡a¨ i‡q‡QÑ cÖj‡qvj−vm giYeiY, e›`xi e›`bv, cvMj cw_K, weRq Mvb,
38
e›`bv Mvb, c~RvwiYx, wbkx_ cÖxZg,
cikc~Rv, kvqK-†euav cvwL, bxjcix, `ycyi
Awfmvi, g‡bi gvbyl, ¯—ä ev`j, wPi‡Pbv,
†iŠ`ª`‡»i Mvb, RvMiYx, LyKx I KvV
†eovwj BZ¨vw`|
Kzwgj−vq iwPZ ÔbRi“‡ji KweZv I Mv‡b
Zuvi ˆØZ-mËvi weKvk N‡U‡Q| msMÖvgx Kwe
wn‡m‡e wZwb eRªK‡É †`e-ˆ`Z¨ Îvm iY
û¼vi Qv‡ob, Avi †mB GKB e¨w³ cÖYq
RM‡Z gyL¨Z AvKzj Aw¯’i Amnvq
27
†ivi“`¨gvbv ¶zä Awfgvbx|Õ Kzwgj−vq
iwPZ bRi“‡ji iPbv¸wj‡Z Dchy³ wPÎI
Aí bq|
bRi“j wQ‡jb g~jZ Kzwgj−vq gvwU I
gvbyljMœ KweÑ wec−ex I †cÖwgK Kwe|
Kzwgj−vi BwZnvm, HwZn¨, mvwnZ¨-ms¯‹…wZ
bRi“j‡K †hgb wecyjfv‡e AvKl©Y K‡i‡Q,
†Zgwb Kzwgj−vi bvixI Zuv‡K GKBfv‡e
†cÖiYv RywM‡q‡Q| cÖv‡Yi wecyj ˆefe I
Hk¦‡h© wZwb øvZ n‡q‡Qb| ZvB evi evi
Zuv‡K Kzwgj−vq wd‡i Avm‡Z n‡q‡QÑ KL‡bv
wec−e I †`ªvn Ges KL‡bv †cÖg I cwiY‡qi
Uv‡b| Avmv-hvIqvi duvK-†dvK‡oB bRi“j
Zuvi Rxe‡bi †kªô iPbv¸wj wjL‡Z mg_©
n‡qwQ‡jb| we‡`ªvnx‡Z bRi“j †NvlYv
K‡iwQ‡jb, Ôgg GK nv‡Z euvKv evu‡ki euvkix Avi nv‡Z iYZzh©|Õ ej‡ZB nq, ZviB
mv_©K iƒc Avgiv Zuvi Kzwgj−vi iPbv¸wj‡Z
cÖZ¨¶ Kwi|
Qq.
bRi“jRxe‡b Kzwgj−vi ¯§„wZI GK
D‡j−L‡hvM¨ ¯’vb `Lj K‡i Av‡Q|
¯§„wZwenxb Kzwgj−vq bRi“j‡K wPš—v Kiv hvq
bv| Kzwgj−vq I †`ŠjZcy‡i bRi“j¯§„wZ‡K
wPiKvjxb K‡i ivLvi Rb¨ m¤cÖwZ kn‡ii
we‡kl we‡kl RvqMvq †k¦Zcv_‡ii
¯§„wZdjK emv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Kzwgj−v kn‡i G
ai‡bi bRi“j ¯§„wZweRwoZ djK i‡q‡Q
12wUi gZ| †`ŠjZcy‡i 4wU| Gi A_© GB
bq †h, bRi“j Gi evB‡i †Kv_vI wePiY
K‡ibwb| ¯§„wZdjK QvovI Kzwgj−vq bRi“j
¯§„wZ‡K AgiZ¡ `v‡bi Rb¨ 1992 mv‡j
Kwei Rb¥evwl©K Dcj‡¶ GKwU ¯§„wZ‡mŠa
wbg©vY Kiv nq| Gi bvg Ô†PZbvq bRi“jÕ|
GwU Kzwgj−v wkï GKv‡Wgx I wkíKjv
GKv‡Wgxi mvg‡b XvKv-PÆMÖvg mo‡Ki
†gv‡o ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| bRi“j¯§„wZ a‡i
ivLvi Rb¨ 1969-Õ70 mv‡jI ÔbRi“j
cwil`Õ bv‡g GKwU cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zvjv
n‡qwQj| Gi j¶¨ wQj: Kzwgj−vq bRi“j
PP©v, Abykxjb I M‡elYv| e¯‘Z Kzwgj−vq
bRi“j ¯§„wZdjK I ¯’vcb¸wj GLb
we‡`ªvnx Kwe KvRx bRi“j Bmjv‡gi
(1899-1976) weRq evZ©v †NvlYv Ki‡Q|
bRi“j AvR AbyivMx f³ I wfb‡`wk
ch©UK‡`i AvKl©‡Yi e¯‘‡Z cwiYZ
n‡q‡Qb| bRi“j Avgv‡`i RvZxq Kwe|
Zuvi †jLv KweZv Mvb MRj Mí-Dcb¨vm
BZ¨vw` Avgv‡`i RvZxq m¤ú`| Zuvi
¯§„wZweRwoZ ¯’vb¸wjI Zuvi cyY¨¯§„wZ‡K
¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q †h, wZwb GKKv‡j GLv‡b
G‡mwQ‡jb, Rq K‡iwQ‡jb, AvÇv
w`‡qwQ‡jb, Mvb †M‡qwQ‡jb, †MÖdZvi
n‡qwQ‡jb, euvwk evwR‡qwQ‡jb, muvZvi
†K‡UwQ‡jb| ¯^‡`‡ki Rb¨, gvby‡li Rb¨
wZwb Rxeb evwR †i‡LwQ‡jb| my`~i Pzi“wjqv
†_‡K Kzwgj−vq G‡m wK KvÊB bv NwU‡qwQ‡jb
wZwb!
Kzwgj−vq bRi“j¯§„wZ Awe¯§iYxq n‡q
_vK‡e| GLb bRi“j‡K bvbvfv‡e wePviwe‡k−lY Kivi mgq G‡m‡Q| bRi“‡ji
¯§„wZweRwoZ ¯’vb Kzwgj−v I †`ŠjZcy‡i Aí
bq| me¸wj‡Z ¯§„wZdjK emv‡bv nqwb| Zv
m‡Ë¡I `yÕRvqMvq wg‡j bRi“‡ji cÖvq †cŠ‡b
GK eQ‡ii ¯§„wZ bvbv e‡Y©, bvbv i‡O, bvbv
Q‡›` ewY©j| 1923 mv‡ji c‡i bRi“‡ji
g‡bI Kzwgj−v I †`ŠjZcy‡ii ¯§„wZ Kg †`vjv
†`qwb| †hgbÑ
ÔD`vm `ycyi KLb †M‡Q, GLb weKvj hvq,
Nyg Rov‡bv NygZx b`xi Nygyi civ cvq|
k•L ev‡R gw›`‡i
mܨv Av‡m eb wN‡i
SvD-Gi kvLvq †fRv Auvavi †K wcuwR‡Q,
nvq|
28
gv‡Vi euvkx eb D`vmx fxg cjvkx Mvq|Õ
(ˆPZx nvIqv/1331 ˆPÎ)
wZZvk †PŠayix cÖvewÜK, bRi“j M‡elK
Z_¨ ms‡KZ
1,3,14. myjZvb gvngy` gRyg`vi| dz‡ji
Rjmvq bxie †Kb Kwe, 1g ms¯‹iY, Kzwgj−v,
Rvbyqvwi, 1975|
2,8,10. eyjeyj Bmjvg| GKwU Aš—i½
mv¶vrKvi, ˆ`wbK msMÖvg, XvKv, †iveevi, 27
AMÖnvqY, 1388 e½vã|
3,4,7,22,27. gyRd&di Avng`| KvRx bRi“j
cÖm‡½, 1g ms¯‹iY KjKvZv 11 ˆR¨ô, 1366
e½vã|
5. Ave`yj Kvw`i| bRi“j Rxe‡bi GK Aa¨vq,
gv‡n bI, fv`ª 1361, AvM÷, 1958|
6. eyjeyj Bmjvg| Aš—i½ Av‡jv‡K KwewcÖqv,
ˆ`wbK msMÖvg, XvKv, 30 †g, 1982|
15,17,25. Ave`yj Kvw`i| cÖgxjv bRi“j,
mvßvwnK †iveevi, 7 A‡±vei, 1979|
18. mykxj Kzgvi ¸ß| bRi“j PwiZgvbm,
cwigvwR©Z I cwiewa©Z fviZ ms¯‹iY, c„. 191|
21,27. Avng` kixd| G Kv‡j bRi“j, 1g
ms¯‹iY, XvKv|
23, †gvnv¤§` gvndzRDj−vn| bRi“‡ji ¯^‡`k
†cÖg I we‡`ªvnx †PZbvq Kzwgj−vi cÖfve, Kzwgj−v,
bRi“j evwl©K ¯§iwYKv, 1992|
26. bvivqY †PŠayix| bRi“j PP©v, 1g ms¯‹iY,
XvKv, †deª“qvwi, 1990|
28. wZZvk †PŠayix| Kzwgj−vq bRi“j¯§„wZ †cÖg I
cwiYq, Kzwgj−v, 4_© ms¯‹iY, †deª“qvwi, 2001|
b Zz b av iv ev wn K // wØ Zx q c e©
GKePb eûePb
mg‡i›`ª †mb¸ß
[c~e© cÖKvwkZ-i ci]
Rxebvb›`i evwo Ges avbwmwo b`x
Rxebvb›` `v‡ki m‡½ Avgvi cÖ_g cwiPq Zuvi 183 b¤^i j¨vÝWvDb †iv‡Wi evwo‡Z| g‡b c‡o cÖ_g w`‡bi K_v| ZLb kZwflv bv‡g
KweZvi GKwU ˆÎgvwmK wQj| gh©v`vq G KweZvcÎwU Ab¨Zg kxl©¯—‡ii KvMR wQj| G KvM‡Ri cwiPvjbv I m¤úv`bvi e„‡Ë wQ‡jb Av‡jvK
miKvi, `xc¼i `vk¸ß, Zi“Y wgÎ Ges AviI `y-GKRb| wbqwgZ †jLK‡`i g‡a¨ wQ‡jb Rxebvb›` `vk,
GKePb eûePb Gi cÖ_g ce© Ai“Y miKvi, b‡ik ¸n Ges ZLbKvi Zi“Y Kwe‡`i g‡a¨ A‡jvKiÄb `vk¸ß, Av‡jvK miKvi, cÖb‡e›`y
Qvcv nIqvi ci XvKvi GKwU `vk¸ß, mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq, Avb›` evMPx| GB †jLK, A_©vr Avwg, ZL‡bv GKeY© KweZv wjwLwb| Z‡e Kwe,
cÖKvkbv ms¯’v †_‡K eB AvKv‡i KweZv, KweZv cwÎKv Ges Kwe‡`i Kve¨MÖš’ m¤ú‡K© AvMÖn I Avmw³ Acwimxg!
GKevi Rxebvb›`i †`Iqv GKwU KweZvi g~j cvÊywjwc †cÖ‡m cvIqv hvw”Qj bv| d‡j †jLvi m‡½
†ei nq| cÖavbZ XvKv I
wgwj‡q cÖ“d †`Lv m¤¢e nw”Qj bv| ZvB Kwe‡KB ejv nj wZwb hw` `qv K‡i Zuvi KweZvi cÖ“dwU †`‡L †`b|
c~e©e‡½i Ici wfwË K‡i †jLvwU KweZvwU †QvUB wQj| Gevi K‡_vcK_‡bi wfwˇZ kZwflvi m¤úv`KgÊjx wK e‡jwQ‡jb Ges Rxebvb›`
avivevwnKfv‡e cÖKv‡ki mgq Zvi Dˇi wK Reve w`‡qwQ‡jb Zvi wKQy Ask Zz‡j w`w”Q| kZwflvi c‡¶ Zi“Y wgÎ ÔAvcbvi GKUv
cvVKgn‡j cÖf~Z mvov KweZv...Õ Rxebvb›` K_v †kl bv Ki‡Z w`‡qB e‡j DV‡jb ÔPvB‡jB wK KweZv cvIqv hvq?Õ Gevi mweb‡q
RvwM‡qwQj| d‡j Avgiv KjKvZv Zv‡K ejv nj ÔAvcwb †Zv kZwflv‡K KweZv w`‡qB wQ‡jb| wKš‘ cÖ“d †`Lvi mgq cvÊywjwcwU †cÖ‡mi
I fviZ‡Kw›`ªK wØZxq ce© †jLvi KvM‡Ri wf‡o Lyu‡R cvIqv hv‡”Q bv| hw` GKUz `qv K‡i †`‡L †`b| c‡b‡iv †lvj jvBb †`L‡Z †Zgb
Rb¨ AMÖR Kwe‡K †cŠbtcywbK mgq jvM‡e bvÕ| hZ`~i g‡b c‡o †mUv †Kvb iweevi wQj| ZLb Kwe nvIov Mvj©m K‡j‡R covb| K‡jR
ZvMv`v w`‡q hvw”Qjvg| ZviB †bB| KweZvwU cÖ“d †`L‡Z †`L‡Z nVvrB Rxebvb›` Avgv‡`i w`‡K ZvwK‡q ej‡jb, Ôex‡ib (Kwe ex‡i›`ª
KweZvi wK †ev‡S?Õ Avgiv wbi“Ëi| ZviciB Zuvi iv‡Mi KviY †evSv †MjÑ Rxebvb›` Av‡Mi
djkÖ“wZ wØZxq ce© GKePb P‡Ævcva¨vq)
K_vi m‡½ †hvM Ki‡jb Ôc‡oQ ex‡ib wK wj‡L‡Q? Avgvi †jLvq bvwK †`k-Kvj †eva, mgvR m‡PZbZv
eûePb Avevi cvV‡Ki nv‡Z Zz‡j †bBÕ|
†`Iqv †Mj| Avkv Kwi, mg‡i›`ª
Avm‡j Rxbbvb›` Zuvi mgKv‡j †Zgb †hvM¨ mgv`i cvbwb| GB eÂbv‡eva Zv‡K wfZ‡i wfZ‡i Kz‡i
†mb¸‡ßi ¯^v`y ¯§„wZPviY cvV‡Ki †LZ| GKevi GK AwZ-weij gyn~Z© Avg‡K e‡jwQ‡jb Ômg‡i›`ª! Avgvi †Kvb †jLvB wK _vK‡e bv?Õ G
fvj jvM‡e| cÖ‡kœi †Kvb DËi nq bv, ZvB †mw`b wbi“ËiB wQjvg| m¤¢eZ wZwb †Kvb DËi cÖZ¨vkvI K‡ibwb| †Kb-bv
Ñ m¤úv`K g‡bi Mfx‡i GK cÖZ¨q wbwðZ KvR KiZ| Zv Qvov mÄq fÆvPvh© ZLbB Zv‡K iex‡›`ªvËi Kv‡ji Ab¨Zg
39
Avgvi ZLb g‡b nZ, GLbI g‡b nq,
AvU eQi Av‡Mi GKw`b KweZvwU
c„w_exi Zver Kve¨ BwZnv‡mi Ab¨Zg
†kªô KweZv| Rxebvb›` e‡jwQ‡jb
ebjZv †mb KweZvwUB †kªvZviv †ewk
ïb‡Z PvB‡e|
cÖavb Kwe e‡j wPwýZ K‡i Zvi AKzÉ cÖPvi
Pvwj‡q hvw”Q‡jb| G Z_¨ Aek¨ Av‡MB
fviZ wewPÎvi cvVK‡`i Rvwb‡qwQ|
Avm‡j Rxebvb‡›`i evwo I avbwmwo
b`x wel‡q wjL‡Z wM‡q GB †h bv›`xgyL
Kijvg, Zvi KviY, wjL‡Z e‡m Rxebvb›`i
m‡½ cÖ_g cwiP‡qi K_v g‡b coj| †Kvb
cÖvYwcÖq gvbyl we‡klZ wZwb hw` wbtk¦v‡mi
mgvb Kv‡Qi gvbyl nb Zvn‡j †evanq G
iKgB nq|
Gevi Rxebvb›`i KjKvZvi evwoi K_v
w`‡q ïi“ Kwi| c‡i ewikv‡ji ÔavbwmwoÕ
bv‡gi evwowUi K_vq Avme, XvKvq avbwmwo
b`x mÜvbhvÎvi Av‡M g‡b n‡qwQj,
Rxebvb›`i g„Zz¨i c‡i eûw`b Zuvi
j¨vÝWvDb †iv‡Wi evwo‡Z hvIqv nqwb|
GKevi †`‡LB hvB|
183, j¨vÝWvDb †ivW, †`kwcÖq cv‡K©i
cwð‡g j¨vÝWvDb †ivW I ivmwenvix
G¨vwfby¨i ms‡hvM¯’‡ji cv‡ki †h †c‡Uªvj
cv¤ú Zvi GKUv evwoi c‡iB njy` i‡Oi
†ZZjv evwo| IB evwoi GKZjvq eo
iv¯—vi wVK Ic‡iB A‡kvK †÷vm© bv‡gi
†`vKvb| cv‡ki c¨v‡mR w`‡q G‡Kev‡i
wcQ‡bi As‡k _vK‡Zb Rxebvb›`| AZx‡Z
hLb Zuvi Kv‡Q †hZvg emvi N‡ii Rvbvjv
w`‡q †h ch©š— AvKvk †`Lv †hZ †mLv‡b
GKUv Wvjcvjv Qov‡bv wbg, GKUv DuPz
bvi‡Kj MvQ †Pv‡L coZ| g‡b c‡o, wm‡bU
n‡j ZrKvjxb me‡P‡q D‡j−L¨ Kwe m‡¤§j‡b
KweZvcv‡Vi Avgš¿YfxZ Rxebvb›` m¤¢eZ
winv‡m©j wnmv‡eB Avgv‡K ebjZv †mb
KweZvwU c‡o ïwb‡qwQ‡jb| e‡jwQjvg, AvU
eQi Av‡Mi GKw`b co‡eb bv? Avgvi ZLb
g‡b nZ, GLbI g‡b nq, AvU eQi Av‡Mi
GKw`b KweZvwU c„w_exi Zver Kve¨
BwZnv‡mi Ab¨Zg †kªô KweZv| Rxebvb›`
e‡jwQ‡jb ebjZv †mb KweZvwUB †kªvZviv
†ewk ïb‡Z PvB‡e| (GLv‡b e‡j ivLv fvj
ebjZv †mb KweZvwU‡K KLbB wb‡Ri
cÖavb KweZvejxi Aš—M©Z Ki‡Z PvB‡Zb
bvÑ bvbv wPwV‡Z wjwLZfv‡e Kwe Zv
Rvwb‡qI wM‡q‡Qb!)
†h N‡i wZwb g„Zz¨i w`b Aewa †_‡K
wM‡q‡Qb, †`Ljvg Zv A‡bKUvB cv‡ë
wM‡q‡Q| N‡ii †`qvj †_‡K ïi“ K‡i †g‡S
Aewa meUvB SKS‡K ZKZ‡K, N‡ii cÖvq
cy‡iv AskUvB cybwb©wgZ| ZLb _vK‡Zb
wPÎvwf‡bÎx †`ekªx ivq| †`ekªxi
RvgvBeveyi m‡½ Avjvc Kijvg| Kwjs †ej
†Ucvi ci `iRv Aek¨ Ly‡j w`‡qwQ‡jb
†`ekªxi gv! Xy‡K GZUvB wew¯§Z n‡qwQjvg
†h, †mUv †h Rxebvb›`i c~e©vevm †mUv
wek¦vm Ki‡ZB Kó nw”Qj! †hLv‡b †h
Z³v‡cv‡li Ici mvaviYZ wZwb e‡m
_vK‡Zb, †mLv‡b †`Ljvg GKUv iO†ei‡Oi wmsnvmb! †mLv‡b muvBevevi Qwe|
†`ekªxi RvgvBevey‡K †hb we¯§‡qi †Nvi
KvUv‡ZB wRÁvmv Kijvg, GLv‡b Rxebvb›`
`vk _vK‡Zb bv? G cÖ‡kœ †`ekªxi RvgvBevey
wKQy¶Y PzcPvc Ges AcÖ¯‘Z n‡q `uvwo‡q
†_‡K ej‡jb Ô`uvovb wfZi †_‡K wRÁvmv
K‡i Avwm!Õ wZwb wfZ‡i P‡j †M‡jb, K‡qK
gyn~Z© c‡i G‡m ej‡jb Ônu¨v wZwb †evanq
GLv‡bB _vK‡Zb|Õ eySzb!! (eySzb-Gi c‡i
`yÕ‡Uv we¯§qwPý B‡”Q K‡iB w`jvg!)
Avi K_v bv evwo‡q AwZ welYœ g‡b
evB‡i †ewi‡q G‡m evwoi mvg‡bi Ask
†hLv‡b evwoi gvwjK _v‡Kb †mB †ZZjvq
D‡V †Mjvg| evwoi gvwjK AwRZ `Ë †ek
Rxebvb‡›`i ewikv‡ji ÔavbwmwoÕ evwowUi mvg‡b Ab¨v‡b¨i m‡½ †jLK
wKQyKvj nj MZ| GLb Zuvi DËivwaKvixiv
_v‡Kb| ¶zYœ Mjvq ejjvg, ÔAvgv‡`i †`‡ki
GKRb GZ eo Kwe Avcbv‡`i fvov‡U n‡q
Zvi Rxe‡bi †kªô mgqUv KvwU‡q wM‡q‡Qb,
Zuvi ¯§„wZ‡Z †Kvb ¯§viK evwoi mvg‡b
iv‡Lbwb Avcbviv? †h N‡i Kwe _vK‡Zb
†mB NiUvB †f‡OPz‡i Av‡`¨vcvš—— e`‡j
†d‡j‡Qb †Kb? cyi‡bv wbgMvQ I bvi‡Kj
MvQ `yÕ‡Uv bv _vK‡j wKQyB †h †Pbv †hZ bv!Õ
GKUz AcÖ¯‘Z n‡q m¤¢eZ ZLb Dcw¯’Z _vKv
evwoi gvwj‡Ki weevwnZ Kb¨v hv DËi
w`‡jb Zv‡Z ¯úó nj, †`ekªxiv wb‡RivB
Ggb †e`bv`vqK cwieZ©b Kwi‡q wb‡q‡Qb!
GLv‡bB Rvwb‡q ivwL ÔRxebvb›` kZel©Õ
D`&hvc‡bi mgq cwðge½ miKvi †h KwgwU
K‡iwQ‡jb Zv‡Z †`‡ek ivq, f~‡g›`ª ¸n I
AvwgI wQjvg| Avwg GB cÖm½ A_©vr
Rxebvb›`i †kl Rxe‡bi _vKv evwowUi
m¤§yLfv‡M cÖ‡ekc‡_ GKwU Zvgª ev mv`v
gv‡e©‡ji cÖ¯—idjK emv‡bvi K_vwU
Zz‡jwQjvg| G AwfÁZv c‡iI hLb
Rxebvb›`i ewikv‡ji ˆcwÎK evwowU‡Z hvB
ZLbI n‡qwQj| Z‡e evwoi ÔavbwmwoÕ
bvgwU GL‡bv A¶Z|
evwoi bvgwU m¤¢eZ ÔavbwmwoÕ b`xwUi
bvg †_‡KB †bIqv n‡qwQj| avbwmwo bvgwU
Rxebvb‡›`i KweZvq eûevi G‡m‡Q|
Avm‡j Rxebvb‡›`i KweZvq e¨eüZ
AwaKvsk b`xi bvgB c~e©e‡½i| ÔRjv½xÕ
b`xwU Aek¨ c~e©e½ I cwðge½ Dfqe‡½B
Av‡Q| fviZ Z_v cwðge‡½i c~Z b`x
M½vi bvgI AwZ weij †¶‡Î m¤¢eZ gvÎ
GKevi e¨envi K‡iwQ‡jb wZwb! mxwgZ
A‡_© Rxebvb›`‡K evOjv †`‡ki KweI ejv
hvq| Rxebvb‡›`i wbmM©eY©bvI g~jZ
evsjv‡`‡ki| ÔavbwmwoÕ b`xi bvg wb‡qI
mgv‡jvPKgn‡j bvbv weåvwš— wQj| gvb¨
Aa¨vcK M‡elK RM`xk fÆvPv‡h©i aviYv
wQjÑ †h b`x †_‡K Zx‡i DV‡Z †M‡j avb‡K
wmuwoi gZ e¨envi Ki‡Z nq, Zv‡KB Kwe
avbwmwo †f‡e wb‡qwQ‡jb| Avevi
evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g I cÖL¨vZ M‡elK Ave`yj
gvbœvb ˆmq` aviYv K‡iwQ‡jb avbwmwo
bvgwU m¤¢eZ GKwU KwíZ bvg| m¤¢eZ
AvwgB cÖ_g ÔavbwmwoÕ bv‡g †h mwZ¨B GKwU
b`x Rxebvb›`i ewikv‡j emev‡mi mgq
wQj Ges GL‡bv Av‡Q Zv ewikv‡ji
Kv‡j±vi Awdm †_‡K cÖvß Z_¨ Ges Qwemn
cÖgvY (G †jLvi m‡½ †mB b`xi Qwe Ges
Rxebvb›`i emZ evwo hvi bvgI wQj ÔavbwmwoÕ †mB evwoi QweI †`Iqv nj)
K‡iwQjvg| cvVK Avmyb Gici Avgvi
ewikvj hvÎv I avbwmwo Avwe®‹v‡ii K_vB
Avcbv‡`i †kvbvB|
z cieZ©x msL¨vq
mg‡i›`ª †mb¸ß
cwðge‡½i Kwe, cÖavb m¤úv`K wefve
40
NUbvcwÄ
ivLvj`vm
e‡›`¨vcva¨vq
mybxj AvPvh©
Ôcyi‡bv K_v †K e‡j? f~h©¨cÎ 15/16 kZ
eQi wUwK‡jI c¨vwcivm wU‡K 2000 ermi
wKš‘ Zvici? †h cv_i Av¸‡b bv M‡j Ges
¶wqòz bq Zvnv‡K cvlvY e‡j| cyi‡bv K_v
ïwb‡Z nB‡j cvlvY‡K K_v KIqvBqv
ïwb‡Z nq|Õ
wbijm cwikª‡g gy`ªvZË¡, cÖZœZË¡,
wjwcZË¡ Ges BwZnv‡mi †h ¯^Y©Øvi
ivLvj`vm e‡›`¨vcva¨vq wek¦evmxi mvg‡b
D‡b¥vPb K‡iwQ‡jb Zv Zuv‡K ¯^gwngvq fv¯^i
K‡i‡Q| evYxnxb Ro cÖ¯—iL‡Êi Avš—wiK
cÖvY¯ú›`b ïbevi AvKv•¶vq ¯^Zš¿
cwigʇj wePiY K‡i‡Qb, cvlvY‡K giYNyg
†_‡K RvwM‡q cÖvYcÖwZôvi cÖZ¨‡q ¯^Y©veiY
g„‡Zi ¯Z‚c g‡n‡Äv`v‡ov‡Z Qy‡U wM‡q‡Qb
evievi|
ivLvj`vm e‡›`¨vcva¨vq R‡b¥wQ‡jb
gywk©`vev‡`i enigcy‡ii AwfRvZ es‡k
1886 mv‡ji 12 GwcÖj (1jv ˆekvL
1292)| GB es‡ki c~e©cyi“l cjvkxi hy‡×
wmiv‡Ri c¶ Aej¤^b Kivq †`kZ¨vM
N U bv c wÄ
†
01.
02.
03.
04.
05.
06.
07.
08.
09.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
1 †g 1919
1 †g 1930
2 †g 1921
3 †g 1913
3 †g 1988
5 †g 1935
6 †g 1861
7 †g 1861
10 †g 1882
10 †g 1985
13 †g 1947
15 †g 2005
17 †g 1913
19 †g 1908
21 †g 1991
22 †g 1772
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24 †g 1899
24 †g 1992
25 †g 1924
25 †g 1952
27 †g 1964
28 †g 1976
29 †g 1977
†
†
†
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†
†
†
Ki‡Z eva¨ nb| wKQyw`b AÁv‡Z _vKvi ci
Zuviv ebMuvi QqNwiqv MÖv‡g emevm ïi“
K‡ib| Zviv wmiv‡Ri c‡¶ _vKvi `i“b
mgÜ m¤úwË ev‡Rqvß K‡i weªwUk miKvi|
`vw¶Y¨¯^iƒc †cbmb w`‡Z PvB‡j
ivLvj`v‡mi wcZv gwZjvj Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vb
K‡ib| wcZvi mg¯— ¸Y, †ZRw¯^Zv I
¯^vaxb‡PZv g‡bvfve ivLvj`v‡mi g‡a¨I
mÂvwiZ n‡qwQj|
†ggvix‡Z cÖwZwôZ ÔivLv‡jk¦iÕ wk‡ei
†`vi a‡i ivLvj`v‡mi Rb¥| bvg ivLvj`vm
n‡jI wZwb iv‡RvwPZ Hk¦h© I wejv‡mi
g‡a¨ jvwjZ nb| 1900 wLª. G›Uvm cv‡ki
ci
DËicvovi
Rwg`vi
b‡i›`
gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi Kb¨v KvÂb gvjvi m‡½ weevnm~‡Î Ave× nb| KvÂbgvjvI K‡qKLvwb
Dcb¨vm †j‡Lb| cvwievwiK Kvi‡Y K‡qK
eQi weiwZi ci ivLvj`vm †cÖwm‡WwÝ
K‡jR †_‡K weG I KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq
†_‡K Gg G cvk K‡ib wbR cÖwZfv¸‡Y
nicÖmv` kv¯¿xi †øn I AvbyK‚‡j¨ cÖwm×
Rvg©vb cwÊZ D. w_‡q‡Wvi e−‡Li Kv‡Q
cÖvPxb wjwcZË¡ wk¶v K‡ib| we G cv‡ki
Av‡MB ivLvj`vm wbZvš— Zi“Y eq‡m
gy`ªvZË¡ I wjwcZË¡ Av‡jvPbvq cÖex‡YvwPZ
cvwʇZ¨i cwiPq w`‡qwQ‡jb| G L¨vwZi
d‡jB j‡¶èŠ wgDwRqv‡gi KZ…©c¶ Zuv‡K
D³ cÖ`k©bvMv‡ii cyivZË¡ m¤úwK©Z ZvwjKv
cÖ¯‘‡Zi R‡b¨ Aby‡iva K‡ib| ZLb Zuvi
eqm †gv‡U 20| µ‡g Zuvi L¨vwZ mgMÖ we‡k¦
Qwo‡q co‡Z _vKj|
†g
myMvqK gvbœv †`-i Rb¥
wePvicwZ gy. nvweeyi ingv‡bi Rb¥ gywk©`vev‡`
wek¦kÖ“Z Pjw”PÎKvi mZ¨wRr iv‡qi Rb¥
fviZxq Pjw”P‡Îi cw_K…r `v`vmv‡ne dvj‡K-i Rb¥
Kwe †jLK †cÖ‡g›`ª wgÎi g„Zz¨
Kwe mg‡i›`ª †mb¸ßi Rb¥ XvKvi cyi‡bv cë‡b
Ks‡MÖm †bZv cwÊZ gwZjvj †bni“i Rb¥
iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii Rb¥ [25 ˆekvL, 1268]
¸i“m`q `Ëi Rb¥ wm‡j‡Ui KwigM‡Ä
cÖg_bv_ wekxi g„Zz¨
KwewK‡kvi myKvš— fÆvPv‡h©i g„Zz¨ [29 ˆekvL, 1354]
†j. †Rbv‡ij RMwRr wms A‡ivivi g„Zz¨ w`wj−‡Z
wek¦Kwe iex›`ªbv‡_i †bv‡ej cyi®‹vi jvf
Jcb¨vwmK gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi Rb¥
ivRxe MvÜxi g„Z¨z Zvwgjbvo–i kªx‡ci“gcy`‡y i
eªvþmgv‡Ri cÖwZôvZv ivRv ivg‡gvnb iv‡qi
Rb¥ ûMwji ivavbM‡i
KvRx bRi“j Bmjv‡gi Rb¥ [11 ˆR¨ô, 1306]
iex›`ªmsMxZ¸Yx ˆkjRviÄb gRyg`v‡ii g„Zz¨
m¨vi Avï‡Zvl gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi g„Zz¨ wenv‡ii cvUbvq
¸i“m`q `‡Ëi g„Zz¨
fvi‡Zi cÖ_g cÖavbgš¿x cwÊZ RInijvj †bni“i g„Zz¨
wkívPvh© Rqbyj Av‡e`x‡bi g„Zz¨ XvKvi wcwR nvmcvZv‡j
fvlvPvh© mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi g„Zz¨
cv_i ïay Roe¯‘ bq, fMœ¯Z‚c ïay
AZx‡Zi aŸsmve‡kl bq, wkjvwjwc ïay
djKgvÎ bqÑ Zv‡K Rwo‡q KZkZ we¯§„Z
hy‡Mi AhyZ gvby‡li nvnvKvi I Dj−vm,
PvcvKvbœv, w¯§Znvwm, e¨_©Zv I mvdj¨,
hy‡×i Z‚h©aŸwb I kvwš—i ivwMYx| †hLv‡b
cv_y‡i BwZnvm cvlvYx Anj¨vi gZ
beRxe‡bi cÖZx¶vq A‡c¶gvY, †mLv‡b
whwb GwM‡q G‡m cv_‡ii ey‡K cÖvYcÖwZôv
K‡i †evev BwZnv‡mi gyLfvl¨ w`‡jb, cÖvPxb
†iv‡gi kZ`jcÖf Hk¦‡h©i †P‡qI wZwb gnxqvb| wZwb wQ‡jb GKvav‡i HwZnvwmK,
cÖZœZË¡we`, Kwe I wkíx|
BwZnvm, gy`ªvZË¡ I cÖZœZË¡‡K Aej¤^b
K‡i wZwb †h ¯^cœ‡mŠa Mo‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb,
cÖwZK‚j kw³i evav`v‡bi d‡j Zv weaŸ¯—
n‡q‡Q| cÖwZK~j mgv‡jvPbvi welwbtk¦v‡m
RR©wiZ n‡q‡Qb evisevi| A_P Kx bv wQj
Zuvi? AwfRvZ es‡k Rb¥, Zi“Y eq‡mB
cvwʇZ¨i L¨vwZ, Avwe®‹vi I LbbKv‡R
AmvaviY `¶Zv, wk¶v-mvwnZ¨-mvs¯‹…wZK
AvwObvq mnR wePiY, †h †Kvb mdj
M‡elK I ZvwË¡‡Ki hveZxq cÖvw_©Z
AvKv•¶vc~i‡Y me _vKv m‡Ë¡I wZwb gvÎ
25 eQi eq‡m 1910 wLª. KjKvZv
Rv`yN‡ii fviZxq cyivZË¡ kvLvi miKvwi
c‡` wbhy³ nb|
GB eQ‡ii g‡a¨B miKvi Zuv‡K D”PZi
c‡` wbhy³ K‡i, Zi“Y M‡elKcÖwZfvi
¯^xK…wZ †`b| cyivZË¡ wefv‡Mi KY©avi m¨vi
Rb gvk©vj Zi“Y ivLvj`vm‡K 1917 wLª.
Ôcwðg fvi‡ZÕi cyivZË¡ cwi`k©‡bi c‡`
wbhy³ K‡ib| wKš‘ Gm‡ei g‡a¨I wZwb
wewPÎ cÖwZfvai †jLK wn‡m‡e myax gn‡j
cwiwPwZ jvf K‡ib| 1923 wLª.-i g‡a¨
kkv¼, gqyL I ag©cvj bv‡g BwZnvmvkªqx
Dcb¨vm Ges `yB L‡Ê evsjvi BwZnvm mgvß
K‡ib| †mKv‡j iex›`ªbv_, ew¼gP›`ª,
i‡gkP›`ª I w؇R›`ªjvj Qvov Avi †Kvb
evOvwj †jLK ivLvj`v‡mi gZ me©fviZxq
L¨vwZ jvf Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb|
mvd‡j¨i cvkvcvwk nvbv †`q `ytmgq|
†R¨ôcy‡Îi AKvjcÖqv‡Y wZwb †f‡O
co‡jb| Zuvi kixi `ye©j n‡Z _vKj|
1924 wLª. wZwb fviZxq cyivZË¡ weev‡Mi
Aa¨‡¶i c‡` wbhy³ n‡q KjKvZv G‡jb|
B‡Zvg‡a¨ KjKvZvi GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwUi
m`m¨ n‡q‡Qb, †d‡jv wbe©vwPZ n‡q‡Qb
†ev¤^vB wek¦we`¨vj‡qi| L¨vwZi weo¤^bv
Av‡Q| ivLvj`vm 1924 mv‡j ivRkvnxi
cvnvocy‡i LbbKvR ïi“ K‡ib| 1926-G
evivbmx wn›`y wek¦we`¨vj‡q Aa¨vcK nb|
g‡nv‡Äv`v‡ov LbbKv‡Ri mg‡q Awbqg
Kivq ¯^v¯’¨ †f‡O c‡o ivLvj`v‡mi| 1930
wLª. Gi 23 †g gvÎ 45 eQi eq‡m wZwb †kl
wbtk¦vm Z¨vM K‡ib|
mybxj AvPvh© cwðge‡½i Kwe, cÖvewÜK
41
w·ki cÖwZfvai Ab¨Zg
Kwe myfvl gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi
g~j¨vqb Avgv‡`i `„wó
AvKl©Y K‡i| wZwb
e‡j‡Qb: Ô...myKv‡š—i
KweZvq †k−vMvb wbðqB
wQj|... nvRvi nvRvi K‡É
aŸwbZ-cÖwZaŸwbZ †h fvlv
nvRvi nvRvi gvby‡li g‡b
Av‡e‡Mi Zi½ Zz‡j‡Q,
Zv‡K KweZvq mv`‡i MÖnY
Ki‡Z †c‡iwQj e‡jB
myKvš— mv_©K Kwe| KweZvq
ivRbxwZ _vK‡jB hv‡`i
Kv‡Q gnvfviZ Aï× n‡q
hvq Zviv fy‡j hvbÑ
AivR‰bwZK KweZvqI
wRwMi wKQy Kg †bB|
Avm‡j AvcwËUv †eva nq
†k−vMv‡b bq,
†k−vMvbwe‡k‡l, ivRbxwZ
bq, ivRbxwZwe‡k‡l|Õ
kª×vÄwj
myKvš—-cÖwZfv
Ag„Zjvj evjv
myKvš— fÆvPvh© (1926-Õ47) iex‡›`ªvËi
evsjv Kv‡e¨i Zi“Y Kwe| Zuvi Kv‡e¨i
g~j myi Ab¨vq I AwePv‡ii wei“‡×
kªgRxex mvaviY gvbyl‡K we‡`ªvn I
wbiew”Qbœ msMÖvg| Zuvi KweZv cÖK…Zc‡¶
MY-Av‡›`vj‡bi msMÖvgx gvby‡li wPˆPZbvi m‡½ wbweo GKvZ¥Zvq jxb|
Õ71-Gi gyw³hy‡×i mg‡q Zuvi KweZv
evOvwji g‡b mvnm I kw³ hywM‡q‡Q|
evOvwji cÖwZUv Av‡›`vjb-msMÖv‡g G aviv
AvRI Ae¨vnZ| wec−ex ej‡Z hv †evSvq
myKvš—-cÖwZfv wVK ZvB| evgcš’x wec−ex
Kwe wn‡m‡e †kvwlZ gvby‡li Rxeb-hš¿Yv,
we‡¶vf I we‡`ªv‡ni û¼vi Zuvi KweZvq
ewjôfv‡e Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
42
gvÎ 21 eQi eq‡m GB cÖwZfvai Kwei AKvj g„Zz¨ n‡jI mvgvb¨ K‡qK eQ‡ii
g‡a¨ AZ¨vðh© KweZ¡ kw³i cwiPq w`‡q A‡kl L¨vwZ AR©b K‡ib| Zuvi
cvwievwiK cwi‡ek gvbwmK weKv‡ki AbyK‚j wQj bv, Zvi Dci wQj wbæga¨weË
evOvwj cwiev‡ii Afve-AbUb| Zuvi KweRxe‡bi g‡a¨ N‡U‡Q evsjv‡`‡k `ywf©¶
Avi hy×RwbZ nvnvKvi| `vwi`ª Avi e¨_©Zvi nZvkv ey‡K wb‡q A¶g †`‡n wZwb
AK¬vš— fw½‡Z wj‡L †M‡Qb| wZwb KwgDwb÷ cvwU©‡Z †hvM`vb K‡i AK¬vš— Kg©x
wn‡m‡e w`b-ivZ cwikªg K‡i‡Qb; ¶q‡iv‡M Avµvš— n‡q e¨vwai Avµg‡Y wZwb
w`b-w`b ¶qMÖ¯— n‡q‡Qb| Zvivk¼i e‡›`¨vcva¨vq e‡j‡Qb, ÔAvgv‡`i g‡a¨
Rxe‡bi AvKv•¶v‡K gyLi K‡i †Zvjvi Zcm¨vq myKvš— Zuvi ev•gq Rxeb‡K
AvûwZ w`‡q‡Qb|Õ Kwe Aaybvjyß ˆ`wbK cwÎKv ¯^vaxbZvi wK‡kvimfv As‡ki
cÖwZôvZv-m¤úv`K wQ‡jb| Zuvi iwPZ Kve¨MÖš’ QvocÎ, Nyg †bB I c~e©vfvm
evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ D‡j−L‡hvM¨ Ae`vb †i‡L‡Q| Zuvi Ab¨vb¨ iPbv¸wj nj;
wg‡VKov, Awfhvb, niZvj I MxwZ¸”Q| d¨vwmwe‡ivax †jLK wkwíms‡Ni c‡¶
wZwb AvKvj Kve¨MÖš’ m¤úv`bv K‡ib| wZwi‡ki evsjv KweZvq †h b›`bZvwË¡K
wkífvlv I myKzgvi RxebPvwiZvi ¯^cœwegy»Zv j¶¨ Kiv hvq, ZviB cÖwZev`x
†PZbv myKvš— fÆvPv‡h©i KweZvq †mv”Pvi| wk‡íi Rb¨ wkí bq, Rxe‡bi Rb¨B
wkíÑ RxebvbyM wkí‡eva myKvš—i mg¯— †PZbv I wek¦v‡mi AvKi wQj| ZvB
Rxeb I KweZv‡K wZwb †Kvbw`b Avjv`v K‡i †`‡Lbwb| evsjv KweZvq †h
fveev`x †ivgvw›UK BwjDk‡bi aviv cÖPwjZ wQj, †m cÖ_vMZ avivq myKvš— cÖPÊ
av°v w`‡jb| Aek¨ cÖ_g AvNvZwU K‡iwQ‡jb we‡`ªvnx Kwe bRi“j| myKvš—
KweZvi Aeq‡e I Aš—‡i w¯^»Zv I Kzmyg‡cje bgªZv‡K QywU w`‡q ¶zavgq,
hy×gq-mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv I AvZ¥Kj‡n gMœ GK AmyLx-Akvš— c„w_ex‡K ev¯—e `„wó
w`‡q †`‡LwQ‡jb| GKvi‡Y wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb, Ô¶zavi iv‡R¨ c„w_ex M`¨gq, c~wY©gv
Puv` †hb Sjmv‡bv i“wUÕ| Zuvi KweZvi e³‡e¨ †Kvb K…wÎgZv †bB; mnR, mij,
¯^v”Q›`¨ fve Avg`vwb K‡i KweZv‡K `y‡e©va¨Zv †_‡K gyw³ w`‡q‡Qb| KweZvq
evK-cÖwZgv, iƒcK, Dcgv, cÖZxK BZ¨vw` cÖ‡qv‡M †Kvb K…wÎg R‡ovqv †bB|
G‡Kev‡i †mvRvmywR euvav-eÜnxb `ye©vi MwZ‡Z Zuvi KweZv RbZvi ü`q‡K‡›`ª
wM‡q †cuŠ‡Q‡Q| Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡k Anin Abv`i Ae‡njvq c‡o _vKv e¯‘‡K
wZwb KweZvq Zz‡j G‡b‡Qb| G KvRwU Zuvi A‡bK Av‡MB hyMmwÜi Kwe
Ck¦iP›`ª ¸ß ïi“ K‡iwQ‡jb, wKš‘ Ck¦i ¸‡ßi KweZvq †Kvb cÖZ¨vwkZ gZv`k©
wQj bv| myKvš— fÆvPvh© gyw³Kvgx †gnbwZ RbZvi K_v ej‡Z wM‡q AwZ Zz”Q
welq‡K KweZ¡gwÊZ K‡i cwi‡ekb K‡i‡Qb cÖZxKx e¨Äbvq| evsjvKv‡e¨i GUv
GK ai‡bi beRb¥ ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq e‡j‡Qb, ÔRxe‡b
†hgb, Kve¨-mvwn‡Z¨ mijZv we‡klYwU‡Z
wi³Zvi Bw½ZUvB Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q e‡ov †ewk
†Rvivj| MfxiZv, e¨wß, ZxeªZv, fv‰ak¦h©
BZ¨vw` mewKQyi aviK I evnK wn‡m‡e
mv`vgvUv ¯úófvlx mv_©K KweZv Kíbv
Ki‡Z Avgiv cUz wQjvg, Avgv‡`i AwfÁZv
I ¯^xK…wZ MxwZKweZv ch©š—| myKv‡š—i
KweZvq evsjv Kve¨mvwn‡Z¨ beR‡b¥i m~Pbv
wQjÕ|
myKvš— GK bZzb c„w_exi ¯^cœ
†`‡LwQ‡jb Ges GR‡b¨B wZwb hy× K‡i
†M‡Qb| wZwb gyw³Kvgx RbZvi cv‡k †_‡K
msMÖvg K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi msMÖvgx Rxe‡bi
cwiPq Qwo‡q Av‡Q Zuvi Kve¨ I c臔Q|
GK wPwV‡Z Kwe e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔAvwg Kwe e‡j
wbR©bZvwcÖq ne, Avwg wK †mB ai‡bi Kwe?
Avwg †m RbZvi Kwe n‡Z PvB, RbZv ev`
w`‡j Avgvi Pj‡e wK K‡i? Zv Qvov Kwei
†P‡q e‡ov K_v Avwg KwgDwb÷,
KwgDwb÷‡`i KvR Kvievi me RbZv
wb‡qB|Õ myKvš— wQ‡jb wb‡ew`ZcÖvY
ivR‰bwZK Kg©x; cÖMwZkxj wec−ex
ivR‰bwZK Kg©aviv Zuv‡K GZB cÖfvweZ
K‡iwQj †h, kZ `ytL-`vwi`ª, fMœ¯^v‡¯’¨i
wK¬óZvi g‡a¨I RbZvi ew›`Z¡ †gvP‡bi
gnvb `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b Acvi GK Avb›` Abyfe
K‡i‡Qb| KweZv‡K wZwb mn‡R ivRbxwZi
m‡½ †gjv‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb e‡j Kwe myfvl
gy‡Lvcva¨vq cÖksmv K‡i‡Qb| Kwe eyׇ`e
emy hLb e‡jb, Ô(myKv‡š—i) KweZv¸wj †hb
†mB gZev‡`iB (ˆeÁvwbK gZev`) wPÎY
gvÎ; †Rvi Mjvq †PuwP‡q ejv, KweZv bv n‡q
Lei KvM‡Ri c¨vivMÖvd n‡jB gvbv‡ZvÕÑ
ZLb w·ki cÖwZfvai Ab¨Zg Kwe myfvl
gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi g~j¨vqb Avgv‡`i `„wó AvKl©Y
K‡i| wZwb e‡j‡Qb: Ô...myKv‡š—i KweZvq
†k−vMvb wbðqB wQj|... nvRvi nvRvi K‡É
aŸwbZ-cÖwZaŸwbZ †h fvlv nvRvi nvRvi
gvby‡li g‡b Av‡e‡Mi Zi½ Zz‡j‡Q, Zv‡K
KweZvq mv`‡i MÖnY Ki‡Z †c‡iwQj e‡jB
myKvš— mv_©K Kwe| KweZvq ivRbxwZ
_vK‡jB hv‡`i Kv‡Q gnvfviZ Aï× n‡q
hvq Zviv fy‡j hvbÑ AivR‰bwZK KweZvqI
wRwMi wKQy Kg †bB| Avm‡j AvcwËUv †eva
nq †k−vMv‡b bq, †k−vMvbwe‡k‡l, ivRbxwZ
bq, ivRbxwZwe‡k‡l|Õ
myKvš— D‡V G‡mwQ‡jb G‡`‡ki gvwUi
eyK †_‡K| G‡`‡kiB gvwUi i‡m Zuvi †`nAvZ¥v cwicyó| Zuvi Kve¨evYx †kvbvi Rb¨
iex›`ªbv_ GK mg‡q Kvb †c‡ZwQ‡jb|
Ô†mŠwLb gR`ywiÕ bq wKlv‡Yi Rxe‡b wZwb
wQ‡jb AvZ¥vi AvZ¥xq| `yg©i KweZvq wZwb
D”PviY K‡ib:
mvevm, evsjv †`k, G c„w_ex
AevK ZvwK‡q iq:
R¡‡j-cy‡o-g‡i QviLvi
Zey gv_v †bvqvevi bq!
myKvš— cÖZxK I m~² †k−lag©x Dcgvi
mvnv‡h¨ Zuvi KweZvq Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb †kªYxˆelg¨, AZ¨vPvix Avi AZ¨vPvwi‡Zi m¤úK©,
wbcxwoZ I wbcxobKvixi m¤ú‡K©| wmwo,
wmMv‡iU I †`kjvB KvwV, †gvi‡Mi Kvwnbx
cÖf„wZ KweZvq mvgvwRK †e`bvKxY© ˆel‡g¨i
wei“‡× cÖwZev‡` †mv”Pvi Kwe| G c„w_ex‡K
fvwe eskai‡`i Rb¨ my›`i K‡i M‡o Zzj‡Z
†P‡qwQ‡jb| Kwe A½xKvi K‡ib:
G wek¦‡K G wkïi evm‡hvM¨ K‡i hve Avwg
beRvZ‡Ki Kv‡Q G Avgvi `„p A½xKvi|
KweZvi cÖwZ mZZv, †mŠ›`‡h©i cÖwZ
wbôv Avi ev¯—e mgvRRxe‡bi cÖwZ fvjevmv
Kwe‡K wb‡q †M‡Q mvaviY gvbyl, gRyi, Pvwl
Aš—Z
wZb evi
co–b
Avi wec−ex mgvRKg©x‡`i KvZv‡i| GKvi‡Y
wZwb GZ RbwcÖq, Zuvi KweZv gy‡L gy‡L
D”PvwiZ| Gi g‡a¨ wbwnZ Zuvi KwemËvi
bZzbZ¡ I wPiZ¡|
Kwe AvR Avgv‡`i gv‡S †bB; AKv‡j
Amg‡q Zuvi mvabv Amgvß †i‡L wZwb Zuvi
Ômy›`i G c„w_exÕi gvqv KvwU‡q P‡j †M‡Qb|
†cQ‡b c‡o Av‡Q Zuvi KweZv, mvabv Avi
Rxebv`k©, hv Avgv‡`i cv‡_q| 29 ˆekvL
(1354) Kwei g„Zz¨ w`e‡m Zuvi D‡Ï‡k¨
RvbvB kª×v|
Ag„Zjvj evjv
wk¶vwe`, cÖvewÜK
fv i Z we wP Îv
bZzb MÖvnK Aš—fy©w³ cÖm‡½
GZw`b hviv wbqwgZ ev AwbqwgZfv‡e fviZ wewPÎv †c‡q Avm‡Qb,
Zv‡`i ÁvZv‡_© Rvbv‡bv hv‡”Q †h, e¨w³bv‡gi cwie‡Z© wk¶v cÖwZôvb
†hgbÑ ¯‹zj, K‡jR, gv`ªvmv Ges Rbmw¤§jbx †hgbÑ mwgwZ, K¬ve,
msMVb, cvVvMvi cÖf„wZi c¨v‡W †Kb fviZ wewPÎv co‡Z Pvb, mwe¯—v‡i
Rvwb‡q bZzbfv‡e Av‡e`b Ki“b| Av‡e`bc‡Îi gvwR©‡b GjvKvi †Kvb
wewkó e¨w³ †hgb msm` m`m¨/Aa¨¶/BDwc †Pqvig¨vb/cÖavb wk¶‡Ki
mycvwik I Zuvi ¯^v¶i-mxj‡gvni _vKv Acwinvh©| MÖvnK n‡j MÖvnK
b¤^i D‡j−L Ki‡Z fyj‡eb bv| Avi wVKvbv †jLvi mgq Bs‡iwR
K¨vwcUvj †jUvi e¨envi Ki“b| †cv÷ †KvW AwZ Aek¨B e¨envi
Ki‡eb|
kn‡ii bgybv wVKvbv:
(¯^v¶i)
: .......... A¯úó ..................
cy‡iv bvg
: NANTU ROY
c`vwaKvix : EDITOR
wVKvbv
: HIGH COMMISSION OF INDIA
HOUSE NO. 2, ROAD NO. 142
GULSHAN-1, DHAKA-1212
MÖv‡gi bgybv wVKvbv
(¯^v¶i)
: .......... A¯úó ...............
cy‡iv bvg
: MD. HANIF KHAN
c`vwaKvix : PRESIDENT
wVKvbv
: CHAOCHA JUBA SANGHA
VILL: CHAOCHA
P.O: CILAOCHA
P.S: MUKSUDPUR, DIST. : GOPALGONJ.
43
Aiwfjv cÖK‡íi myig¨ AÆvwjKv
ågY
Aiwfjv
Elv wKi‡Yi kni
d«uv‡mvqv †MvwZ‡qi
Aiwfjv cÖKíwU Zvi Pwj−kZg Rb¥Rqš—x mvo¤^‡i D`&hvcb Kij| GB Rbc_wU cwʇPix †_‡K K‡qK
wK‡jvwgUvi Dˇi GK ¯^cœivR¨| 1967 mv‡j gv (1878-1973) e‡jwQ‡jb, Ôc„w_exi Dc‡i Avgvi GKwU
RvqMvB _vK‡e †hLv‡b †Kvb †`‡ki Aw¯—Z¡ _vK‡e bvÑ `vwe Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv †KD Zvi wbR¯^ m¤úwË e‡j|
Ggb GK ¯’vb hvi Aw¯—Z¡ ïf‡ev‡a, mwµqZvq, D”PvKv•¶vq| c„w_exi bvMwi‡Kiv gy³ bvMwiK n‡q _vK‡eb
GLv‡b| gvb‡eb †Kej GKgvÎ AvkªqÑ †mB cig mZ¨‡K|Õ GB nj fvi‡Zi gnvb †hvMx `vk©wbK, Kwe, wec−ex
Ges Fwl kªx Aiwe‡›`i (1872-1950) †cÖiYvjä ¯’vb| ÔP~ovš— ¯^cœ weeZ©‡bi †mB ¯—i †hLv‡b gvbyl Zvi
we‡e‡Ki myD”P e¨vwß I †gvnbxqZvq AwawôZ n‡Z cv‡i, mgm¨vi mgvavb ïi“ Ki‡Z cv‡i hv Zv‡K GK`v A¯—
w¯— I åvwš— w`‡qwQjÑ †mB mgq †_‡K hLb gvbyl me©cÖ_g wPš—v Kiv ïi“ K‡iwQj, Zvi e¨w³K †mŠmg¨ Ges
mwVK mgvR M‡o †Zvjvi ¯^cœ †`‡LwQj|Õ
1968-i 28 †deª“qvwi mgy‡`ªi c~e© w`‡K GwM‡q _vKv ¶qxf~Z GB gvjf~wg‡Z 124wU †`k Ges 23wU
fviZxq iv‡R¨i Zi“‡Yiv ¯^ ¯^ ¯’v‡bi g„wËKv msMÖn K‡i GKwÎZ K…ZvÄwj‡Z M‡o Zz‡jwQj mvaviY KgjvK…wZi
GK cvÎ: Awfe¨w³i cÖwZgv‡b ïi“ n‡qwQj GK Avš—R©vwZK kni| Aiwfjv cÖKíwUi PvU©vi gv wb‡RB cvV
K‡iwQ‡jb, Aiwfjv we‡kl Kvi“i Rb¨ bq, Aiwfjv mgMÖ gvbeRvwZi| Aiwfjv Abš— wk¶vi ¯’vb, avivevwnK
44
DbœwZi miYx, †hŠeb †hLv‡b †cÖŠp nq bv|
Aiwfjv AZxZ I fwel¨‡Zi muv‡Kv n‡q
_vK‡Z Pvq| Aiwfjv n‡e e¯‘RvMwZK I
Aa¨vZ¥ev` M‡elYvi GK Rxeš— ms¯’vb,
cÖK…Z gvbe H‡K¨i †`¨vZbvevnx AÂj|
m~PbvwU wQj LyeB g½jRbK| wewfbœ
†`k †_‡K A_© Avm‡Z jvMj| Aiwfjv
wbg©v‡Yi Kv‡R †ewkifvM †`kB mwµq
f~wgKv MÖnY Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj| UNESCO
Aiwfjv cÖK‡íi e¨vcv‡i we‡kl AvMÖn wbj;
wewfbœ †`k †_‡K mvsevw`K I †Uwjwfkb
wkíx‡`i mwbœ‡ewkZ K‡i fwel¨Z bMix-i
wi‡cvU© †`Iqvi Rb¨| fviZ miKv‡ii
mwµq mn‡hvwMZvq †mB beRvZ kni
cÖKíwU Av‡jvi gyL †`‡LwQj| 100 †KvwU
PvivMvQ †ivcY K‡iwQ‡jb huviv GwU cÖ_g
m~Pbv K‡ib| ˆZwi nj euva, e„wói Rj hv‡Z
mgy‡`ª bv co‡Z cv‡i Zvi e¨e¯’v| wPÎvwc©Z
M„n Kvh©Kjvc Aek¨B ˆec−weK wQjÑ Aš—Z
GLbKvi mv‡c‡¶| Ôjv÷ ¯‹zjÕ Ges Ôms¯‹…Z
¯‹zjÕI cÖwZwôZ nj|
33 eQi c‡i Avgiv Kx †`Ljvg? fvj,
A‡bK AvkvB Ac~Y© i‡q‡Q| cÂvk nvRvi
RbmsL¨vi RvqMvq `yÕnvRv‡ii †ewk †jvK
†bBÑ kªxgv wKš‘ Zv Pvbwb| A‡_©i Afv‡e
Aiwfjvi DbœwZ A‡bKvs‡k †_‡g †M‡Q|
Aek¨ Aí-Aí K‡i A_© Avevi Avm‡Z ïi“
Kivq K‡qKwU BgviZ Ae‡k‡l wbwg©Z
n‡q‡Q| AZx‡Zi ¯’cwZiv mvaviY †cvkvK
ci‡Zb, GLb Zuviv j¨vcUcwejvmx ey‡R©vqv|
mvs¯‹…wZK, mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK ˆelg¨ cuvP
nvRvi MÖvgevmxi m‡½ Aiwfjxq‡`i mvgÄm¨
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