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SVERIGES PAVILJONG PÅ VÄRLDSUTSTÄLLNINGEN, EXPO2010 I SHANGHAI
Arkitekt:
Sweco Architects genom, Johannes Tüll, Christer Stenmark, Alessio Boco, Anna Markström, Anders Neregård,
August Wiklund, Peter Järvholm
Lokal Arkitekt:
CADG (China Architecture Design Group) genom, Zhang Tong
Konstruktion:
Sweco Structures genom, Egil Bartos och Martinssons genom, Greger Lindgren
Installation:
Sweco Systems genom, Lars Olof Matsson
Fotografi:
Mattias Klum, Petter Eldin, August Wiklund, CadG
Beställare:
Kommittén för Sveriges deltagande i världsutställningen Expo 2010 i Shanghai
Fotografi: Mattias Klum
SVERIGES PAVILJONG
OM PROJEKTET
Den Svenska paviljongen i EXPO2010 har ritats av Swecos
arkitekter, som blev tilldelade uppdraget i november 2008.
Byggnaden består av fyra byggnadsvolymer och innehåller
ett program på 3000 kvm, uppdelade i utställning (1500 kvm),
kontor, restaurang och VIP/showroom. Gestaltningen är
baserad på Världsutställningens huvudtema ”Better City - Better
Life” samt det svenska undertemat ”Spirit of Inovation”.
PROGRAMFÖRKLARING
SVERIGES PAVILJONG PÅ VÄRLDSUTSTÄLLNINGEN, EXPO2010 I SHANGHAI - FÖRSLAG TILL TRÄPRISET 2012
Sverige har numera en urban kultur. Det liv som levs i städerna
attraherar. Sverige har sin egen tolkning av vad som är viktigt
i en urban kultur. Vår stadskultur präglas av öppenhet och
trygghet, av medmänsklighet och hänsyn. Dessutom existerar
denna stadskultur i en dialog med allmänrättsliga skogar, ängar,
sjöar och horisonter.
Fotografi: Mattias Klum
Det är denna poesi som bygganden måste förmedla, denna
balans mellan människa, stad och natur. Byggnaden bjuder
troligen på överraskande möten med innovativa tankesätt och
regisserar säkert ett socialt innehåll som visar på öppenhet och
interaktion.
Byggnaden ska attrahera och locka besökaren. Genom sitt
uttryck ska den förmedla ett löfte om att vi vill göra världen till
en bättre plats för nästa generation.
SVERIGES PAVILJONG
KONCEPT
ENTRÉ AV SVENSK LIMTRÄ
Idén bygger på mötet mellan staden, människan och naturen.
Stadens attraktionskraft finns i de nätverk och det sociala
samspelet som skapas mellan människor. Naturen har en central
plats i den svenska själen som försörjningsresurs och källa för
kontemplation, rekreation och inspiration.
För att vi ska utveckla ett hållbart samhälle krävs att människan
är kreativ och skapar innovativa lösningar. Paviljongen och
utställningen ska tillsammans visa upp Sverige som ett av
världens mest innovativa länder – ett samhälle där staden,
naturen och människan utvecklas tillsammans.
Den kanske mest innovativa delen av den svenska paviljongen
är entrévolymen, en upplyft genombruten huskropp, med en
intrikat konstruktion i svenskt limträ. Volymen bildar med sina
trappor entré till både utställningen och paviljongen.
Det torg som skapas under entrévolymen ger den köande
besökaren skydd mot sol och regn. Där bjuds en rumslig
upplevelse med vattenspeglar och ljus som silar in genom rastret
och det glasade taket innan vandringen genom utställningen
tar sin början.
Entrévolymens komplexa struktur har i sin gestaltning till uppgift
att belysa träets arkitektoniska möjligheter, framhäva träets
värme och materialitet, att lösa möten i omsorgsfulla detaljer.
Konceptbild
FASADER
Konceptet, staden - naturen, formaliseras och framträder
tydligast i paviljongens fasader. Den yttre fasaden symboliserar
staden och består av perforerade plåtar med ett mönster
inspirerat av planen för Stockholms stadskärna, den mest
urbana miljön i Sverige. Nattetid framträder stadens infrastruktur
då de stora stråken lyser upp.
Innerfasaderna, med motiv av naturen, är en symbol för den
miljö vi alla är en del av. Naturmotiven är fotografier tagna av
Mattias Klum och visar olika typer av svensk natur. På natten
lyser bilderna upp och vissa rörliga element projiceras på
väggarna. Besökaren kan röra sig fritt i naturens rum med en
öppenhet under himlen. Här råder allemansrätten.
SVERIGES PAVILJONG PÅ VÄRLDSUTSTÄLLNINGEN, EXPO2010 I SHANGHAI - FÖRSLAG TILL TRÄPRISET 2012
Glasade spänger binder samman volymerna där man i sin
rörelse genom utställningen upplever spänningen som bildas
mellan volymerna. På taket bjuds gäster ut på en terrass
med utblickar mot utställningsområdet och in mot Shanghais
stadskärna.
Fotografi: Petter Eldin
Hållbarhetsaspekten är viktig i projektet. Paviljongen ska kunna
flyttas och återanvändas, limträkonstruktionen är utformad att
monteras ner och upp igen. Paviljongen kommer att lokaliseras
till Caofeidian i norra Kina där den även fortsättningsvis kommer
att vara en symbol för svensk innovattionskraft, miljöteknik och
arkitektur.
SVERIGES PAVILJONG PÅ VÄRLDSUTSTÄLLNINGEN, EXPO2010 I SHANGHAI - FÖRSLAG TILL TRÄPRISET 2012
SITUATIONSPLAN
Tectonic
Copyright
2007
SKALA 1:1000
ENTRÉPLAN
Water
Water
A007
Technical
A006
Pantry
A004
Lockers
Logo wall
A005
HWC
A008
Technical
Water
A002
Lobby
Redundant Room
A010
F.D.
D001
Queue Area
VIP-Entrance
A003
Passage
A011
Passage
A012
Loading Lift
A001
Stairs
A013
Lift
A020
Stairs
Information desk / cash
A014
Loading
A019
Lift Hall
D002
Storage
A017
Information/ Store
A015
Waste
A016
Café
yri
7
0
t2
h
i g
ctn
e
p
o
T C
EL shaft
EL shaft
EL shaft
C002
Technical
B001
Exhibition
C001
Exhibition
B002
Passage
Emergency
Exit
Staircase C2
Emergency
Exit
ICEAIRE
-12000
-ERV
0
SVERIGES PAVILJONG PÅ VÄRLDSUTSTÄLLNINGEN, EXPO2010 I SHANGHAI - FÖRSLAG TILL TRÄPRISET 2012
SKALA 1:400
5
Emergency
Exit
Emergency
Exit
ICEAIR
E-1200
0-ER
V
10m
PLAN ETT
A109
Office
A105
Office
A110
Office
A111
Office
A104
Office
A102
Office
A103
Office
A107
Pantry
A120
Loading Lift
A121
Lift
A106
Meeting Room
A101
Stairs
A123
HWC
A119
Lift Hall
A122
Exhibition
A115
Cleaning
A112
Staff -M
A114
shower
A118
shower
A113
WC
A117
WC
A116
Staff-W
C101
Exhibition
B101
Exhibition
B104
Passage
SVERIGES PAVILJONG PÅ VÄRLDSUTSTÄLLNINGEN, EXPO2010 I SHANGHAI - FÖRSLAG TILL TRÄPRISET 2012
SKALA 1:400
PLAN TVÅ
A216
Office
A217
WC
D8
Storage
A204
Western Kitchen
Terrace
A205
Prep.
A214
Passage
A219
Storage
A218
WC
D5
Pre Process
D4
Storage
A203
Chinese Kitchen
A202
Passage
A213
Passage
A220
Loading Lift
D6
Freezer
A223
Lift
A209
Stairs
D7
Fridge
A201
Stairs
A210
Passage
Terrace
Terrace
expo wall
A221
Lift Hall
A222
HWC
A226
Cleaning
A224
WC
A228
WC
A229
WC
A231
WC
A227
Ladies
A224
Lounge
A225
Rest Room Lobby
Terrace
reception
A230
Men
A232
WC
A233
Passage
EL shaft
EL shaft
EL shaft
B202
Meeting Room A
C207
Meeting Room F
C201
Lounge
B201
Lounge
B203
Meeting Room B
block wall
B211
Passage
expo wall
B204
Meeting Room C
B206
Passage
B207
Work Stations
B209
Meeting Room D
expo wall
C202
Passage
B210
Passage
C203
Storage
B208
Briefing Room
C210
IT
70 Seats
C206
Meeting Room E
C204
Passage
C205
Storage
HVAC shaft
276
1500
1500
HVAC shaft
SVERIGES PAVILJONG PÅ VÄRLDSUTSTÄLLNINGEN, EXPO2010 I SHANGHAI - FÖRSLAG TILL TRÄPRISET 2012
SKALA 1:400
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
DD
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
DD
DB
Terrace
DA
TERRACE, +16,95
DB
DA
TERRACE, +12,24
SKALA 1:400
SKALA 1:400
FASADER
EAST FACADE
SVERIGES PAVILJONG PÅ VÄRLDSUTSTÄLLNINGEN, EXPO2010 I SHANGHAI - FÖRSLAG TILL TRÄPRISET 2012
SKALA 1:400
Fotografi: August Wiklund
Fotografi: CadG
NORTH FACADE
SKALA 1:400
SEKTIONER
ROOF
+16,950
+16,800
C206
Meeting Room E
TERRACE, +16,95
C207
Meeting Room F
88
,4
3°
FLOOR 2
+6,120
FLOOR 1
+0,000
-0,100
FLOOR
0
SITE PLAN
88
C001
Exhibition
°
,26
88
C101
Exhibition
+12,240
,79
°
SECTION Y2
SKALA 1:400
SVERIGES PAVILJONG PÅ VÄRLDSUTSTÄLLNINGEN, EXPO2010 I SHANGHAI - FÖRSLAG TILL TRÄPRISET 2012
Fotografi: CadG
TERRACE, +16,95
+16,950
SECTION X1
SKALA 1:400
+16,800
ROOF
+12,240
FLOOR 2
+6,120
FLOOR 1
+0,000
FLOOR 0
KONSTRUKTIONSRITNINGAR
DA
DB
DC
DD
DD
+16.895
+16.895
+12.000
+12.000
+4.500
+4.500
-0.400
DC
DA
-0.400
NORTH-EAST
1:100
D6
D5
D4
SOUTH-WEST
1:100
D3
D2
D1
D1
+16.895
+16.895
+12.000
+12.000
+4.500
+4.500
D2
D3
-0.400
-0.400
NORTH-WEST
1:100
SKALA 1:400
SVERIGES PAVILJONG PÅ VÄRLDSUTSTÄLLNINGEN, EXPO2010 I SHANGHAI - FÖRSLAG TILL TRÄPRISET 2012
DB
SOUTH-EAST
1:100
D4
D5
D6
KONSTRUKTIONSRITNINGAR
DB
1691
5*13
5
BB.6
8 11
5*13
5
BB.6
7 11
5*13
5
BB.6
8 11
5*13
5
BB.6
8 11
5*13
5
500
500
530
530
530
BB.5
BB.1
6 11
5*13
5
115*
135
115*
135
377
500
834
1195
220
115*
135
5*13
5
BB.2
1 11
5*13
5
429
*135
BB.17 115
508
570
*135
BB.15 115
508
BB.7
BB.1
DET A
207
5*13
5
BB.1
2 11
570
*135
BB.13 115
*135
BB.11 115
*135
BB.9 115
*135
BB.10 115
508
5*13
5
5*13
5
BB.1
8 11
570
333
500
500
500
500
206
*135
BB.4 115
*135
BB.8 115
*135
BB.6 115
383
*135
BB.2 115
500
505
BB.2
0 11
*135
BB.19 115
383
5*13
5
BB.2
3 11
*135
BB.14 115
500
505
443
500
*135
BB.22 115
85
500
500
*135
BB.3 115
5*13
5
BB.2
6 11
206
204
*135
BB.25 115
*135
BB.3 115
500
*135
BB.3 115
*135
BB.3 115
500
500
*135
BB.27 115
5*13
5
BB.2
8 11
BB.2
4 11
5*13
5
*135
BB.31 115
5*13
5
BB.3
2 11
BB.3
0 11
5*13
5
*135
BB.3 115
204
BB.3
9 11
5*13
5
BB.3
5 11
5*13
5
*135
BB.34 115
BB.2
9 11
5*13
5
*135
BB.33 115
5*13
5
BB.3
6 11
BB.2
9 11
5*13
5
*135
BB.37 115
500
*135
BB.40 115
*135
BB.3 115
500
+4.500
5*13
5
BB.3
8 11
*135
BB.42 115
*135
BB.3 115
*135
BB.3 115
5*13
5
BB.4
1 11
*135
BB.3 115
*135
BB.3 115
5*13
5
BB.4
3 11
*135
BB.44 115
*135
BB.3 115
5*13
5
BB.4
5 11
*135
BB.46 115
505
*135
BB.3 115
181
BB.2
9 11
5*13
5
*135
BB.3 115
5*13
5
BB.4
7 11
500
BB.5
1 11
5*13
5
530
298
530
5*13
5
BB.4
8 11
BB.4
9 11
5*13
5
BB.5
3 11
5*13
5
BB.5
4 11
5*13
5
BB.5
5 11
5*13
5
BB.5
6 11
5*13
5
BB.5
8 11
5*13
5
100
BB.5
9 11
5*13
5
BB.6
0 11
5*13
5
530
BB.6
1 11
5*13
5
BB.6
3 11
5*13
5
530
BB.6
2 11
5*13
5
BB.6
4 11
5*13
5
186
490
5*13
5
BB.5
2 11
BB.5
0 11
+12.000
530
206
500
209
500
530
5*13
5
5*13
5
BB.2
9 11
5*13
5
500
BB.8
5 11
5*13
5
5*13
5
BB.6
5 11
BB.5
7 11
500
3882
BB.8
1 11
5*13
5
500
BB.6
9 11
1507
BB.7
7 11
5*13
5
500
500
1507
BB.7
5 11
500
BB.6
6 11
5*13
5
500
1507
BB.7
4 11
5*13
5
BB.7
1 11
5*13
5
DD
531
488 434
500
500
BB.7
3 11
5*13
5
BB.8
4 11
5*13
5
185
BB.7
0 11
5*13
5
BB.7
9 11
5*13
5
BB.7
2 11
5*13
5
530
500
BB.8
3 11
5*13
5
BB.8
2 11
5*13
5
BB.8
0 11
5*13
5
BB.7
8 11
5*13
5
BB.7
6 11
5*13
5
BB.8
8 11
5*13
5
530
+16.895
BB.8
7 11
5*13
5
BB.8
6 11
5*13
5
2605
DC
500
DA
403
278
-0.400
SKALA 1:200
DA
DB
DC
DET 30
36908:110
DET 284
36908:111
DET 141
36908:110
+16.895
B.27 215*1215
TEMPLATE NO.16, 17, 112
S.142
S.127
S.129
TEMPLATE NO. 142
*810
821
2000
DET 11
36908:111
810
B.19 430*810
1474
DET 5
36908:111
246
810
860
S.83
2918
2748
835
B.219 157*315
430*
2361
3896
B.20
S.116
2324
1922
B.21 430
2223
7136
S.58
LOOK AT DETAIL 317
36908:108
*315
TEMPLATE NO.116
S.124
860
B.224 157*315
4864
DET 143
36908:110
TEMPLATE NO.58
3437
B.22
430*
810
219
B.25 215
B.26
430*
810
4343
920
B.24 157*315
821
923
B.23 157*315
1559
879
2451
575
2742
TEMPLATE NO.124
TEMPLATE NO.58
TEMPLATE NO.83
853
S.58
3440
+12.000
S.57
TEMPLATE NO.56
956
S.56
TEMPLATE NO.57
B.17 215*900
1668
TEMPLATE NO.25
DET 26
36908:108
TEMPLATE NO.19
S.19
6692
DET 28
36908:109
B.10
810
430*
DET 12
36908:106
B.4 215*315
224
B.3 215*315
232
65
215
222
DET 51
36908:107
DET 25
36908:107
DET 24
36908:107
4881
4604
DET 315
36908:106
4663
4604
3959
4144
DET 34
36908:106
B.2 215*315
218
+4.500
905
TEMPLATE NO.16
B.1 215*315
DET 316
36908:106
TEMPLATE NO.59, 63
TEMPLATE NO.56, 60
TEMPLATE NO.56, 60
-0.400
S.10
811
S.3
5908
S.3
1322
NORTH-EAST
1:50
SKALA 1:200
LOOK AT DETAIL 317
36908:108
1885
3495
3160
B.7 430*810
2559
S.16
215*
315
DET 317
36908:108
B.5 43
0*81
0
B.8 430*810
858
B.9
B.211 157*315
S.25
3731
225
5937
DET 142
36908:107
859
4785
DET 10
36908:109
DET 85
36908:109
3749
DET 79
36908:109
3388
860
7093
B.12 157*315
DET 80
36908:108
1003
215
821
B.14
430*
810
4466
B.13
430*
810
811
1949
B.11 157*315
1984
B.210 157*315
B.18 215*900
DET 27
36908:108
3359
SVERIGES PAVILJONG PÅ VÄRLDSUTSTÄLLNINGEN, EXPO2010 I SHANGHAI - FÖRSLAG TILL TRÄPRISET 2012
DET 62
36908:111
B.28 215*1215
TEMPLATE NO.20, 21, 22, 23
DET 6
36908:110
DD
SVERIGES PAVILJONG PÅ VÄRLDSUTSTÄLLNINGEN, EXPO2010 I SHANGHAI - FÖRSLAG TILL TRÄPRISET 2012
Fotografi: Mattias Klum
SVERIGES PAVILJONG PÅ VÄRLDSUTSTÄLLNINGEN, EXPO2010 I SHANGHAI - FÖRSLAG TILL TRÄPRISET 2012
Fotografi: Mattias Klum
SVERIGES PAVILJONG PÅ VÄRLDSUTSTÄLLNINGEN, EXPO2010 I SHANGHAI - FÖRSLAG TILL TRÄPRISET 2012
Fotografi: CadG
SVERIGES PAVILJONG PÅ VÄRLDSUTSTÄLLNINGEN, EXPO2010 I SHANGHAI - FÖRSLAG TILL TRÄPRISET 2012
Fotografi: Petter Eldin
SVERIGES PAVILJONG PÅ VÄRLDSUTSTÄLLNINGEN, EXPO2010 I SHANGHAI - FÖRSLAG TILL TRÄPRISET 2012
Fotografi: August Wiklund
SVERIGES PAVILJONG PÅ VÄRLDSUTSTÄLLNINGEN, EXPO2010 I SHANGHAI - FÖRSLAG TILL TRÄPRISET 2012
Fotografi: Mattias Klum
SVERIGES PAVILJONG PÅ VÄRLDSUTSTÄLLNINGEN, EXPO2010 I SHANGHAI - FÖRSLAG TILL TRÄPRISET 2012
Fotografi: Petter Eldin
SVERIGES PAVILJONG PÅ VÄRLDSUTSTÄLLNINGEN, EXPO2010 I SHANGHAI - FÖRSLAG TILL TRÄPRISET 2012
Övriga medverkande:
David Essinger, Markus Lidfeldt, Thorbjörn Andersson, Ulf Ranhagen, Thomas Nordh
Bilaga:
Swedish Pavilion at World Expo 2010 in Shanghai – Architecture and Engeneering Perspective
Priser:
BIE award for Creative Display - Gold medal medium size pavilion
Fortune Time - Most Commercially Valuable EXPO Pavilion - Shanghai Expo Bureau and CBN
China Business Journal Award - ”Top 10 Expo Pavilion”
Beyond design - 2010 Shanghai Expo Architecture and Space Design
Svensk Media i urval:
Svd (Näringsliv) – Teknik och natur ska profilera Sverige (21 november 2008)
Svd (Kultur) – Sverige visar vägen till ett stadsliv i ljus (22 april 2009)
GP – Paviljong med Excelarkitektur
DI – Svenska trähus till Kina (maj 2009)
Svt -Kulturnyheterna ”Så ser paviljongen ut” (april 2009)
Ny Teknik – Stjärnfotografens bilder rör sig på SSABs plåtvägg (nov 09)
Aftonbladet – 70 miljoner får se svenska naturbilder (nov 09)
DN – Hon säljer Sverige när världen samlas i Kina (nov 09)
Rapport + Kulturnyheterna i samban med utställningen lanserades
Arkitektur – Snart dags för Kina (feb 2010)
Byggindustrin/Byggvälden – Ett flertal tillfällen
DI – Weekend - Hela världen huserar i Kina (april 2010)
Arkitekten – En svensk själ i Shanghai (maj 2010)
Veckans Affärer – Kinesisk visit i Shanghai (april 2010)
Internationell Press:
China Daily
A+U (Architecture + Urbanism)
Surface – Expo Issues
Southern People Magazine
Domus China
CNN – The good the bad and the ugly
Inesweek
L´ARCA (Spanskt designmagasin)
Progettare (Italiensk arkitekturtidskrift)
Fotografi: Petter Eldin
SVERIGES PAVILJONG PÅ VÄRLDSUTSTÄLLNINGEN, EXPO2010 I SHANGHAI - FÖRSLAG TILL TRÄPRISET 2012
BILAGOR
SWEDISH PAVILION AT WORLD EXPO 2010 IN SHANGHAI –
ARCHITECTURE AND ENGEENERING PERSPECTIVE
Thomas Nordh1, Johannes Tüll 2, Egil Bartos3, Anders Neregård4, Elzbieta
Lukaszewska5
ABSTRACT: The Swedish pavilion at World Expo 2010 in Shanghai has been created by Sweco’s architects, which
were awarded the design contract in November 2008. The structure has a total floor area of 3,000 square meters. The
design is based on the overall theme of the World Expo – “Better City - Better Life”. One of the most innovative
aspects is the wooden construction of environmentally certified glue laminated timber that make up the entrance to the
Swedish pavilion. Wood is a sustainable material in many respects and the complex structural design is aimed at
demonstrating the versatility of this material and showing how wood can be used for more than simply beams and
columns. The Swedish pavilion, designed in glue laminated timber is one of the first steps that SWECO is taking
towards promoting modern and ambitious timber construction in Sweden.
KEYWORDS: Glulam structures, wooden construction, wooden pavilion, innovative wooden construction
1 INTRODUCTION 123
The theme for Expo 2010 in Shanghai is Better City –
Better Life with the objective of creating better living
conditions in cities. The theme has been chosen to reflect
the explosive population growth that has taken place in
the cities of the world. In the year 1800, 2 per cent of the
world’s population lived in cities; in 1950 the number
had grown to 29 per cent, and in 2000 almost half of the
people in the world lived in cities. UN estimates indicate
that steadily increasing urban populations will mean as
many as 55 per cent of the worlds communities will live
in cities by 2010.
The Swedish co-financiers have found the Chinese
arranger’s theme for Expo 2010, Better City, Better Life,
easy to embrace. In close conjunction with the cofinancing companies, regions and organizations, three
keywords for Sweden’s participation have been
established as Expo cornerstones: Innovation,
Sustainability, and Communication. These keywords
1
Thomas Nordh, SWECO Structures AB, Gjörwellsgatan 22,
Box 34044, 100 26 Stockholm, Sweden.
Email: [email protected]
2
Johannes Tüll, SWECO Architects,
Email: [email protected]
3
Egil Bartos, SWECO Structures AB,
Email: [email protected]
4
Anders Neregård, SWECO Architects,
Email: [email protected]
5
Elzbieta Lukaszewska, SWECO Structures AB,
Email: [email protected]
have been further developed into Sweden’s theme for
Expo 2010: Sweden – Spirit of Innovation.
The Swedish pavilion at Expo 2010 is a temporary
building that will contain the Swedish exhibition, VIP
areas and other facilities, such as offices. The 3,000
square meter building will be constructed on a site
approximately the same size, and will be located in the
European section alongside the other Nordic countries.
This paper presents an overview of the design process of
the glulam structure which is part of the Swedish
pavilion for Expo 2010. The project is first presented
from the architectural perspective where, the concept
behind the form of the structure is explained. The
description of structural analysis is then outlined.
2 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
Modern day Sweden has an urban culture in which the
lifestyle of the cities is increasingly attractive. Sweden
has its own interpretation of what is important in this
urban culture. Our urban culture is defined by openness
and security, humanity and consideration. In addition,
this vibrant urban culture exists in dialogue with
Sweden’s right of public access to mountains, forests,
lakes and meadows.
Making the leap to sustainable society demands
creativity in developing innovative solutions that enable
city, nature and mankind to grow together. The Swedish
pavilion, designed by architects at Sweco, is founded on
this three-way relationship (Figure 1).
Figure 1: A central idea influencing the design of
Swedish pavilion – city, mankind and nature
Symbolizing the city, the pavilion façade is of perforated
metal and patterned to resemble the most urban
environment in Sweden, the street plan of downtown
Stockholm (Figure 2). The inner walls are decorated
with scenes from Swedens nature and the environment
that we all share (Figure 3).
The pavilion will reflect the meeting between city and
nature and the optimism and strength that can be created
where they come together. The development of a
sustainable society requires individuals who are capable
of creating new and innovative solutions, a
society where the natural and urban environments can
evolve in harmony.
The pavilion structure has been designed with
sustainability in mind and can be moved and reused. The
architecture reflects a holistic approach aimed at making
visitors feel welcome from the moment they join the
queue to when they leave, full of positive impressions
and feelings.
Figure 4: The model of the pavilion – 4 cubes with
the frontage designed in glulam
The pavilion opens up and branches carefully into four
cubes (Figures 4 & 5), partly to draw the visitors in but
also as a physical manifestation of the Swedish
contribution "spirit of innovation". The building is
designed to show inspirational murals with innovative
perspectives and to highlight the coming together of
mankind and nature to demonstrate openness and
interaction.
Figure: 2 The pavilion façade covered with
perforated metal – patterned to bear a resemblance
to the street plan of downtown Stockholm
Figure 5: Swedish pavilion at Expo 2010 in
Shanghai
Figure 3: The entrance to the Swedish pavilion –
glue laminated construction
The structure has a total area of 3,000 square meters, half
of which will be used for exhibition space and half of
which will contain conference and meeting facilities for
companies together with a shop, a café and offices. The
pavilion consists of four cubes that are linked together
by glass passages (Figure 5). On the roof, guests are
invited out onto a terrace with views overlooking the
exhibition area and downtown Shanghai.
One of the innovative aspects is the wooden construction
of environmentally certified glue laminated timber that
makes up the entrance to the Swedish pavilion (Figures
3, 5 & 6). Here, the visitors can find both shelter and
shade while waiting to enter the exhibit (Figures 3 & 7).
Wood is a sustainable material in many respects and the
complex structural design is aimed at demonstrating the
versatility of this material and showing how wood can be
used for more than simply beams and columns.
the exhibition time (6 months) and afterwards can be
reassembled and reused in other locations. All structural
elements have been produced in Sweden and transported
to the construction site.
3 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
3.1 3D MODEL OF THE PAVILION
The analysis of internal forces has been conducted with
the finite element program Robot Autodesk Robot
Structural Analysis Professional 2010 [1]. The static
model is presented in Figure 8. Generally the
connections have been modelled as pinned with few
examples, which have been designed as moment
resisting connections. This is rather common in timber
structures where it is difficult and costly to design
moment stiff connections.
The connection details and post-tension members have
been designed in detail by vendor, Martinsons AB. Some
of the detail will be outlined later in this paper.
Roof structure
Figure 6: The glue laminated construction of
pavilion
Terrace structure
Figure 8 3D model of the pavilion for the structural
analysis – draught from Robot Millennium
Figure 7: An overview of the structure from the
walkway level
The glued laminated pavilion has a rectangular shape
and approximate plan dimensions of 20×20 m and a
height of 16.9 m. The building will be only used during
Figure 9 presents models of roof structure, terracewalkway level and walls. The bearing structure is
designed in the form of a cube. The walls of the structure
were designed in such a way that every wall contained
different arrangements of bearing and secondary struts
(Figure 9c-f). As well as walls the roof layout presents
free arrangements of main and secondary beams (Figure
9a). The roof structure was constructed with posttensioned glued laminated timber sections measuring
215×1035 mm (Figure 10), 215×1215 mm and 215×765
mm (Figure 9a). The walkway terrace at 12 m has been
designed to provide stability for the entire pavilion
structure, Figure 9b. The terrace structure has been
constructed as a lattice with members of 215×900 mm
and 215×315 mm, which are connected to the main
structure members by steel details presented in Figure
15.
GL 215×1215 mm
N
designed in the SW wall (Figure 9e) and has a total
length of 22.8 m.
GL 215×1035 mm
See detail in Figure 13
GL 215×765 mm
Figure 10: An example of a post-tensioned beam
(max L=22.8 m)
a)
GL 215×900 mm
GL 215×315 mm
b)
Figure 11: An example of a post-tensioned beam
c)
d)
e)
f)
Figure 9: Models of a) roof, b) walkway terrace, c)
North-West (N-W) wall, d) North-East (N-E) wall, e)
South-West (S-W) wall and f) South-East (S-E) wall
Further, the structure of four walls is presented in Figure
9c-f. The main struts (Figure 12) were produced by
gluing and screwing together two glued laminated timber
sections measuring 215×810 mm giving the total cross
section of 430×810 mm. The longest member was
Figure 12: Main strut – two 215×810 mm cross
sections glued and screwed together
3.2 GENERAL STANDARDS AND LOADS
The design of the structure has been conducted in
accordance with the principles of the [2] Chapter 3 –
Principles of limit states design and Chapter 4 – Basic
variables, which differentiates between the Ultimate
Limit State (ULS) and Serviceability Limit State (SLS)
using characteristic values and design values just as
required in the Expo 2010 Design Standard [3]. The
reference characteristic snow load used in the design
calculations is 0.2 kN/m2, which was in accordance to
the above mentioned Expo 2010 standard. The reference
characteristic wind load used in the design calculations is
0.55 kN/m2 together with a form factor of 1.5 resulting
in a wind load of 0.85 kN/m2. The seismic response of a
timber structure in general is a complex issue, involving
many different interacting factors, which need to be
understood and quantified. In the seismic design of a
structure, different approaches can be followed to
achieve the desired structural performance. To ensure
good structural performance the design of the pavilion
was carried out with respect to stiffness, strength and
ductility. The glued laminated timber pavilions structure
has been designed for earthquake resistance according to
the method presented in Chinese standard GBJ500112001 [3,4] with the following parameters: (i) earthquake
group I, (ii) site type IV, (iii) basic intensity – grade 7.
[8]. The material properties of the glulam, which were
used for structural analysis, are presented in Table 1.
The design methods in Expo 2010 Design Standard were
not sufficient for the design of modern glued laminated
timber, for example in the definition of glued laminated
timber it is required that the thickness of the laminations
shall be no more than 4 mm, but in modern glued
laminate timber it is allowed to use laminations
thicknesses up to 45 mm to 50 mm. Furthermore, there
were no specified design methods for connections. At
the moment the Chinese standardization Committee
GB5, responsible for the Code for design of timber
structures, GB 50005-2003 [5], is in the final stage of
preparation of the standard (Technical Code of Glued
Lumber Structures). European Wood Initiative – EWI –
represented by Prof. Riberholt has contributed with text
proposals for several of the chapters of the Technical
Code of Glued Lumber Structures. EWI has also been
able to present comparisons between the mechanical
properties of glued laminated timber listed partly, in the
Chinese code, partly in Eurocode 5 [6]. The properties
have similarities. Further, EWI has also compared the
Chinese and the European design methods, especially the
design methods for fire and it has been documented that
the methods lead to rather similar designs. Given the
above circumstances it has been found wise and natural
to use the European design methods for strength
verification and verification of deformations. The
strength verification has been conducted in accordance
with BKR 2003 [7], which have been prepared parallel
with the development of Eurocode 5, so their design
results are similar.
3.4 CONNECTIONS DESIGN
Table 1 Strength and stiffness properties of glued
laminated timber of class L40c
Material property
Bending strength
Tension strength
Compression strength
Shear strength
Modulus of elasticity
Shear modulus
Density
fm,k
ft,0,k
ft,90,k
fc,0,k
fc,90,k
fv,k
E0,mean
E0,05
E90,mean
Gmean
k
30.8
17.6
0.40
25.4
2.7
2.7
13000
10500
410
760
400
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
kg/m3
As mentioned above the connection details and posttension members have been designed in detail by vendor,
Martinsons AB. All connections in the pavilion have
been designed in accordance with the Swedish code
BKR 2003 [7]. The connections have been designed in
the program Statcon V3.6 SP1 [9]. Most of the
connectors have been designed as slotted-in steel plates
with 7 and 12 mm steel dowels. Connections between
wood members are made with 24 mm bolts. In a number
of connections 8.2 mm screws are used. Figure 13
presents a connection detail used in post-tensioned
beams.
a)
It has been verified that the glued laminated timber
members have a fire resistance of at least 60 minutes.
The design method from Eurocode 5 part 1-2 has been
compared with the one in Technical Code of Glued
Lumber Structures, which provided almost the same
dimensions for a glued laminated timber member
exposed to fire for 60 minutes.
3.3 MATERIAL PROPERTIES
The elements of the pavilion were produced from glulam
of strength class L40c, approximately equivalent to
strength class GL28c/GL32 in accordance with EN 1194
b)
Figure 13: An example of a post-tensioned beam
detail: a) an overview of the connection and b) steel
plates glued into the bars
Figure 13a-b presents a connection example with five
glued laminated sections measuring 430×810 mm, which
was designed in the NW wall. Figure 14 a-d presents two
examples of steel plate details, which were designed for
the moment connection of main struts of dimension
430×810 mm in the pavilion wall structure. In Figure 15
an example of a connection detail is shown, which was
designed for joints in the lattice walkway. The details of
all connections have been designed in a simple and
inexpensive way in order to make it easy to reassemble
the structure.
a)
b)
3.5 SPECIAL CONSIDERATION
c)
d)
Figure 14: Examples of connection details: a-b) an
overview of the connection detail in which five struts
of dimension 430×810 mm joint, c-d) steel plate
designed for connection between main struts of
430×810 mm
Figure 15: An example of connection detail
designed in lattice of walkway terrace
Research into the perception of uncomfortable vibration
indicates that bodily oscillation in the range 4-8 Hz
induces the greatest discomfort [10,11] (BSI 1984, ISO
1978). However, the degree of discomfort suffered by an
individual can change depending on whether the person
is moving or stationary. Moreover, acoustic cues such as
noise, reverberation, or shaking of floors and furnishings
can be as important to the perception of vibration as
motion of an individual’s body. Body perceptions of
motion are important at frequencies of 4-8 Hz, but noise
and acoustic cues are more important at higher
frequencies [12]. Therefore, it is clear that there should
be an override in any design methodology to ensure that
the fundamental natural frequencies of floors are greater
than 8 Hz to avoid 4-8 Hz vibration, to which humans
are most sensitive [13] (after Smith and Chui 1988 [14]).
As the pavilion is of temporary timber construction with
lightweight materials, special consideration had to be
made for the effect on its natural frequencies. For
lightweight structures increasing the mass so that the
inertia of the floor is high relative to the magnitude of
the impulse is attractive because it is easy to achieve.
However, this approach has several shortcomings [12],
notably the extra material requirements are accompanied
by increased costs, reduced resonance frequencies [15],
increased deflections, and long-term creep of the floor.
Supporting structures must also be larger, and
earthquake resistance may be compromised [12].
Accordingly, [16] presented clear evidence that
increasing the mass of the floor is counterproductive
unless the mass contributes to structural rigidity [12].
On the roof of the pavilion, visitors are able to overlook
the exhibition area and downtown Shanghai. The terrace
quarter prepared for visitors on the roof is covered with
glass, Figure 16. Therefore, due to the specific structure
and purpose of the roof it was necessary to check the
dynamic behaviour of the main elements (post-tensioned
beams) as well as the entire roof. The natural frequencies
for the post-tensioned beams in the terrace were
calculated using InfoCAD Version 9.0 commercial
program [17]. Figure 17 presents the 3D model for
dynamic analysis and first natural frequency of the roof
structure. In Figure 18 the first natural frequency of the
post-tensioned beam is presented. It was found that the
first natural frequency of the entire roof structure was
6.75 Hz while the second natural frequency was 7.98 Hz.
Due to the fact that the entire pavilion is a temporary
structure and visitors will be present at the terrace for
short period of time the values of natural frequencies are
in an acceptable limit.
Figure 19 The glue laminated construction of
pavilion – picture from the building site
Figure 16: The roof structure – an overview of the
glass terrace for visitors under construction
Figure 17: 3D model for the dynamic analysis of
roof structure and post-tensioned.
Figure 20: The glue laminated construction of
pavilion – picture from the building site
Figure 18: First natural frequency – post-tensioned
beam
4 ASSEMBLY OF THE PAVILION
One of the principle design considerations was that the
whole timber pavilion would have to be delivered to the
site and erected in a very short time – 4 months was
planned for the entire pavilion. It would also need to be
dismantled quickly, easily and safely at the end of the
exhibition for possible re-erection elsewhere.
The timber elements and fixtures have been produced in
Sweden and delivered on site for the assembly. Figures
19-25 show different assembly stages of glued laminated
timber pavilion.
Figure 21: South-east wall with primary and
secondary beams and struts
Figure 25: The pavilion – an overview from the
street level
Figure 22: An overview of the walkway level
5 CONCLUSIONS
This paper presents the Swedish pavilion which has been
designed at World Expo 2010 in Shanghai by Sweco’s
architects and structural engineers [18]. The design has
been based on the overall theme of the World Expo –
“Better City - Better Life”. One of the most original
aspects is the wooden construction of environmentally
certified glue laminated timber that makes up the
entrance to the Swedish pavilion. The complex structural
design aims to demonstrate the versatility of timber
material and shows how wood can be used for more than
simply beams and columns. The Swedish pavilion
designed in glue laminated timber is a first step that
SWECO is taking towards promoting modern and
ambitious timber construction in Sweden.
Figure 23: An overview of walkway level with glass
surface
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Project credits
The Swedish pavilion has been created by Sweco’s
architects. A team from the company has been working
under the supervision of architects Christer Stenmark
and Johannes Tüll.
Project
Manager:
Christer
Stenmark,
email:
[email protected];
Chief Architect: Johannes Tüll;
Architecture team: Anders Neregård, Anna Markström,
August Wiklund, Alessio Boco, Peter Järvholm;
Project team: David Essinger, Markus Lidfeldt,
Thorbjörn Andersson;
Structural design: Tomas Nordh, Egil Bartos;
Systems: Lars Olof Matsson.
Figure 24: The overview of the construction – inner
façade
Pavilion Contractor: Martinsons AB, contact person
Greger Lindgren, email: [email protected].
The full list of co-financiers of the Swedish pavilion can
be found at www.expo2010.se.
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D=123112&id=11818169
[2] CEN. Eurocode 0-Basis of structural design. prEN
1999:2001, European Commitee for Standarization,
Bruxelles, Belgium, 2001.
[3] Expo 2010 Design Standard - available on the
request from Expo Organizing Committee.
www.expo2010.cn.
[4] GBJ50011-2001 Earthquake resistance design
standard of construction.
[5] GB 50005-2003. Code for Design of Timber
Structures.
[6] CEN. Eurocode 5-design of timber structures-part 11: General rules and rules for buildings. prEN 19951-1, European Commitee for Standarization,
Bruxelles, Belgium, 2003.
[7] BKR. Regelsamling för konstruktion. Boverkets
konstruktionsregler. BKR, byggnadsverkslagen och
byggnadsverksförordningen, 2003.
[8] CEN. Timber structures-glued laminated timberstrength classes and determination of characteristic
value. EN 1194, European Committee for
Standarization, Bruxelles, Belgium, 1999.
[9] http://www.consultec.se/produkter/produkter_detalj.
asp?Link=Produkter&Hilite=31&ID=2&Post=StatC
on+TimberJoints&StrKat
[10] BSI. Evaluation of human exposure to vibration in
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British Standards Institute, London, UK, 1984.
[11] ISO. Guide for evaluation of human exposure to
whole-body vibration. Standard 2631, International
Standards Organization, Geveva, Switzerland, 1978.
[12] Bernard, E. S. Dynamic serviceability in lightweight
engineered timber floors. Journal of Structural
Engineering, 134(2), pp. 258-268, 2008.
[13] Ohlsson, S. Floor vibrations and human discomfort.
Doctoral Thesis, Chalmers University of
Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, 1982.
[14] Smith, I., and Chui, Y. H. Design of lightweight
wooden floors to avoid human discomfort.
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 15(2), pp.
254-262, 1988.
[15] Chui, Y. H., and Smith, I. A dynamic approach for
timber floor design. New Zealand Journal of Timber
Construction, 6(1), pp. 9-10, 1990.
[16] Ohlsson, S. Springiness and human induced floor
vibrations-A design guide. Swedish Council for
Building Research, Stockholm, Sweden, 1988.
[17] http://www.infograph.eu/
[18] www.sweco.se