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Auger and Detection of Gamma Ray Bursts in the LAGO project
GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Auger and Detection of Gamma Ray Bursts in the LAGO project Xavier Bertou Centro Atómico Bariloche. Argentina VI-Silafae - November 3, 2006 X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Auger and Detection of Gamma Ray Bursts in the LAGO project Xavier Bertou Centro Atómico Bariloche. Argentina VI-Silafae - November 3, 2006 X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Detection of Gamma Ray Bursts in Auger and the LAGO project Xavier Bertou Centro Atómico Bariloche. Argentina VI-Silafae - November 3, 2006 X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Detection of Gamma Ray Bursts in Auger and the LAGO project Xavier Bertou Centro Atómico Bariloche. Argentina VI-Silafae - November 3, 2006 X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Outline Gamma Ray Bursts LAGO Single Particle Technique The Pierre Auger Observatory The LAGO Project Conclusions X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Discovery BATSE Beppo-SAX SWIFT Discovery of GRBs: Vela 5 GRBs - Vela 5 Discovered accidentally in the 60’s by US military satellites GRB ∆t ≈ 0.01 s - 100 s E > 100 keV Enigma for 30 years origin distance luminosity X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Discovery BATSE Beppo-SAX SWIFT Discovery of GRBs: Vela 5 GRBs - Vela 5 Discovered accidentally in the 60’s by US military satellites GRB ∆t ≈ 0.01 s - 100 s E > 100 keV Enigma for 30 years origin distance luminosity X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Discovery BATSE Beppo-SAX SWIFT Discovery of GRBs: Vela 5 GRBs - Vela 5 Discovered accidentally in the 60’s by US military satellites GRB ∆t ≈ 0.01 s - 100 s E > 100 keV Enigma for 30 years origin distance luminosity X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Discovery BATSE Beppo-SAX SWIFT BATSE: 1991 - 2000 Compton Gamma Ray Observatory OSSE 50 keV - 10 MeV BATSE 20 keV - 20 MeV COMPTEL 800 keV - 30 MeV EGRET 20 MeV - 30 GeV X. Bertou BATSE Field of view: 4 π sr Flux > 0.1 γ cm−2 s−1 Angular resolution > 4◦ GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Discovery BATSE Beppo-SAX SWIFT BATSE: 1991 - 2000 Compton Gamma Ray Observatory OSSE 50 keV - 10 MeV BATSE 20 keV - 20 MeV COMPTEL 800 keV - 30 MeV EGRET 20 MeV - 30 GeV X. Bertou BATSE Field of view: 4 π sr Flux > 0.1 γ cm−2 s−1 Angular resolution > 4◦ GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Discovery BATSE Beppo-SAX SWIFT BATSE Signals 1 GRB per day (30% efficiency) Duration 2 distinct populations X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Discovery BATSE Beppo-SAX SWIFT BATSE Signals 1 GRB per day (30% efficiency) Duration 2 distinct populations X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Discovery BATSE Beppo-SAX SWIFT BATSE Signals 1 GRB per day (30% efficiency) Duration 2 distinct populations X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Discovery BATSE Beppo-SAX SWIFT BATSE Signals 1 GRB per day (30% efficiency) Duration Short < 2 s Long > 2 s 2 distinct populations X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Discovery BATSE Beppo-SAX SWIFT BATSE sky X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Discovery BATSE Beppo-SAX SWIFT Luminosity distribution Deficit at low luminosity Galactic halo Cosmological distribution BATSE showed GRBs are isotropes GRBs are not homogenous Need to measure the distance to GRBs X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Discovery BATSE Beppo-SAX SWIFT Luminosity distribution Deficit at low luminosity Galactic halo Cosmological distribution BATSE showed GRBs are isotropes GRBs are not homogenous Need to measure the distance to GRBs X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Discovery BATSE Beppo-SAX SWIFT Luminosity distribution Deficit at low luminosity Galactic halo Cosmological distribution BATSE showed GRBs are isotropes GRBs are not homogenous Need to measure the distance to GRBs X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Discovery BATSE Beppo-SAX SWIFT Luminosity distribution Deficit at low luminosity Galactic halo Cosmological distribution BATSE showed GRBs are isotropes GRBs are not homogenous Need to measure the distance to GRBs X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Discovery BATSE Beppo-SAX SWIFT Luminosity distribution Deficit at low luminosity Galactic halo Cosmological distribution BATSE showed GRBs are isotropes GRBs are not homogenous Need to measure the distance to GRBs X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Discovery BATSE Beppo-SAX SWIFT Luminosity distribution Deficit at low luminosity Galactic halo Cosmological distribution BATSE showed GRBs are isotropes GRBs are not homogenous Need to measure the distance to GRBs X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Discovery BATSE Beppo-SAX SWIFT Beppo-SAX - 1996-2002 GRB 40-700 keV monitor Various X-rays detectors Angular resolution: 50” X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Discovery BATSE Beppo-SAX SWIFT GRB 970508 Observation of absorption lines in the optical spectrum of the afterglow Redshift: Z ≈ 0.84 Cosmological origin 1 day 10 days 100 days X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Discovery BATSE Beppo-SAX SWIFT GRB 970508 Observation of absorption lines in the optical spectrum of the afterglow Redshift: Z ≈ 0.84 Cosmological origin 1 day 10 days 100 days X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Discovery BATSE Beppo-SAX SWIFT GRB 970508 Observation of absorption lines in the optical spectrum of the afterglow Redshift: Z ≈ 0.84 Cosmological origin 1 day 10 days 100 days X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Discovery BATSE Beppo-SAX SWIFT GRB 970508 Observation of absorption lines in the optical spectrum of the afterglow Redshift: Z ≈ 0.84 Cosmological origin 1 day 10 days 100 days X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Discovery BATSE Beppo-SAX SWIFT Redshifts Luminosity Typically 1051 -1054 erg X. Bertou Sun Our galaxy 4 × 1033 erg 1044 erg GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Discovery BATSE Beppo-SAX SWIFT Redshifts Luminosity Typically 1051 -1054 erg X. Bertou Sun Our galaxy 4 × 1033 erg 1044 erg GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Discovery BATSE Beppo-SAX SWIFT Redshifts Luminosity Typically 1051 -1054 erg X. Bertou Sun Our galaxy 4 × 1033 erg 1044 erg GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Discovery BATSE Beppo-SAX SWIFT Current Status SWIFT (2004-) allowed detection of short GRB afterglows, early flares, high redshifts GRBs... Long GRBs happen in star formation zone Short GRBs dimmer, but harder spectrum likely to be core-collapse of massive stars coalescence of a pair of compact objects ? connection with SN more data still needed X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Discovery BATSE Beppo-SAX SWIFT Current Status SWIFT (2004-) allowed detection of short GRB afterglows, early flares, high redshifts GRBs... Long GRBs happen in star formation zone Short GRBs dimmer, but harder spectrum likely to be core-collapse of massive stars coalescence of a pair of compact objects ? connection with SN more data still needed X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Discovery BATSE Beppo-SAX SWIFT Current Status SWIFT (2004-) allowed detection of short GRB afterglows, early flares, high redshifts GRBs... Long GRBs happen in star formation zone Short GRBs dimmer, but harder spectrum likely to be core-collapse of massive stars coalescence of a pair of compact objects ? connection with SN more data still needed X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Discovery BATSE Beppo-SAX SWIFT At higher energy? EGRET detected 16 GRBs spectrum with a power law of about ≈ 2.2 3 GRBs with photons of Eγ > 1 GeV maximum energy 18 GeV Observation at higher energy could help GLAST (fall 2007) should give the answer X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Discovery BATSE Beppo-SAX SWIFT At higher energy? EGRET detected 16 GRBs spectrum with a power law of about ≈ 2.2 3 GRBs with photons of Eγ > 1 GeV maximum energy 18 GeV Observation at higher energy could help GLAST (fall 2007) should give the answer X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Discovery BATSE Beppo-SAX SWIFT At higher energy? EGRET detected 16 GRBs spectrum with a power law of about ≈ 2.2 3 GRBs with photons of Eγ > 1 GeV maximum energy 18 GeV Observation at higher energy could help GLAST (fall 2007) should give the answer X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Single Particle Technique WCD Calibration WCD as GRB shower detectors Single Particle Technique A different use of a ground array Normal mode (shower) Single Particle Mode With SPT, there is no direction and/or energy reconstruction GRBs are detected as an excess of counts over background X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Single Particle Technique WCD Calibration WCD as GRB shower detectors Single Particle Technique A different use of a ground array Normal mode (shower) Single Particle Mode With SPT, there is no direction and/or energy reconstruction GRBs are detected as an excess of counts over background X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Single Particle Technique WCD Calibration WCD as GRB shower detectors Single Particle Technique A different use of a ground array Normal mode (shower) Single Particle Mode With SPT, there is no direction and/or energy reconstruction GRBs are detected as an excess of counts over background X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Single Particle Technique WCD Calibration WCD as GRB shower detectors Single Particle Technique A different use of a ground array Normal mode (shower) Single Particle Mode With SPT, there is no direction and/or energy reconstruction GRBs are detected as an excess of counts over background X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Single Particle Technique WCD Calibration WCD as GRB shower detectors Water Cherenkov Detectors Pure Water Diffusive water enclosure Phototube Electrons Photons Muons X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Single Particle Technique WCD Calibration WCD as GRB shower detectors Water Cherenkov Detectors Pure Water Diffusive water enclosure Phototube Electrons Photons Muons X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Single Particle Technique WCD Calibration WCD as GRB shower detectors Water Cherenkov Detectors Pure Water Diffusive water enclosure Phototube Electrons Photons Muons X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Single Particle Technique WCD Calibration WCD as GRB shower detectors Signals in a WCD Electrons Signal proportional to energy Photons Conversion γ → e+ e− Signal proportional to energy Muons Can´t usually be stopped in the water volume Signal proportional to the track length X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Single Particle Technique WCD Calibration WCD as GRB shower detectors Signals in a WCD Electrons Signal proportional to energy Photons Conversion γ → e+ e− Signal proportional to energy Muons Can´t usually be stopped in the water volume Signal proportional to the track length X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Single Particle Technique WCD Calibration WCD as GRB shower detectors Signals in a WCD Electrons Signal proportional to energy Photons Conversion γ → e+ e− Signal proportional to energy Muons Can´t usually be stopped in the water volume Signal proportional to the track length X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Single Particle Technique WCD Calibration WCD as GRB shower detectors Muon Calibration VEM: Vertical Equivalent Muon. The average charge deposited by a vertical and central muon VEM - Hump shift due to muon track distribution and photostatistic X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Single Particle Technique WCD Calibration WCD as GRB shower detectors Muon Calibration VEM: Vertical Equivalent Muon. The average charge deposited by a vertical and central muon VEM - Hump shift due to muon track distribution and photostatistic X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Single Particle Technique WCD Calibration WCD as GRB shower detectors Muon Calibration VEM: Vertical Equivalent Muon. The average charge deposited by a vertical and central muon VEM - Hump shift due to muon track distribution and photostatistic X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Single Particle Technique WCD Calibration WCD as GRB shower detectors Muon Decay Look for two consecutive triggers at low threshold. Time difference is µ lifetime, ∼ 2.2µs. X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Single Particle Technique WCD Calibration WCD as GRB shower detectors Muon Decay Look for two consecutive triggers at low threshold. Time difference is µ lifetime, ∼ 2.2µs. X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Single Particle Technique WCD Calibration WCD as GRB shower detectors Muon Decay X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Single Particle Technique WCD Calibration WCD as GRB shower detectors Muon Decay X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Single Particle Technique WCD Calibration WCD as GRB shower detectors Muon Decay X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Single Particle Technique WCD Calibration WCD as GRB shower detectors HECR Atmospheric Showers What reaches ground Scintillator NO Photons (90%) WCD YES Electrons (9%) YES YES Muons (<1%) YES YES∗ If a GRB emits at high energies (> 1 GeV), HE photon flux is expected at the top of the atmosphere, Secondary photon flux is expected to increase during the burst X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Single Particle Technique WCD Calibration WCD as GRB shower detectors HECR Atmospheric Showers What reaches ground Scintillator NO Photons (90%) WCD YES Electrons (9%) YES YES Muons (<1%) YES YES∗ If a GRB emits at high energies (> 1 GeV), HE photon flux is expected at the top of the atmosphere, Secondary photon flux is expected to increase during the burst X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Single Particle Technique WCD Calibration WCD as GRB shower detectors HECR Atmospheric Showers What reaches ground Scintillator NO Photons (90%) WCD YES Electrons (9%) YES YES Muons (<1%) YES YES∗ If a GRB emits at high energies (> 1 GeV), HE photon flux is expected at the top of the atmosphere, Secondary photon flux is expected to increase during the burst X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO Single Particle Technique WCD Calibration WCD as GRB shower detectors HECR Atmospheric Showers What reaches ground Scintillator NO Photons (90%) WCD YES Electrons (9%) YES YES Muons (<1%) YES YES∗ If a GRB emits at high energies (> 1 GeV), HE photon flux is expected at the top of the atmosphere, Secondary photon flux is expected to increase during the burst X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Pierre Auger Observatory Simulations Scaler Data The Pierre Auger Observatory Located in Malargüe, Mendoza, at 1400 m asl 1600 Water Cherenkov Detectors (1000 in operation) (fluorescence telecopes) Scalers Low (3 ADC ≈ 6 pe ≈ 15 MeV) scaler count, Muon (20 ADC ≈ 100 MeV) scaler count, Send to central DAQ difference of both every second X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Pierre Auger Observatory Simulations Scaler Data The Pierre Auger Observatory Located in Malargüe, Mendoza, at 1400 m asl 1600 Water Cherenkov Detectors (1000 in operation) (fluorescence telecopes) Scalers Low (3 ADC ≈ 6 pe ≈ 15 MeV) scaler count, Muon (20 ADC ≈ 100 MeV) scaler count, Send to central DAQ difference of both every second X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Pierre Auger Observatory Simulations Scaler Data Simulation of Auger WCD Response 1.4 billion showers simulated with CORSIKA (no thinning) between 10 MeV and 10 TeV, 0 and 30 degrees Detector response with G4FastSim (Auger fast version of G4) X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Pierre Auger Observatory Simulations Scaler Data Comparison of Auger Response with Scintillator array X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Pierre Auger Observatory Simulations Scaler Data Auger Data Scalers since September 2005 Rate vs Time Rate vs Station Id Sensitivity ≈ 2 particles/m2 Only Ligthning Events X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Pierre Auger Observatory Simulations Scaler Data Auger Data Scalers since September 2005 Rate vs Time Rate vs Station Id Sensitivity ≈ 2 particles/m2 Only Ligthning Events X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Pierre Auger Observatory Simulations Scaler Data Auger Data Scalers since September 2005 Rate vs Time Rate vs Station Id Sensitivity ≈ 2 particles/m2 Only Ligthning Events X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Pierre Auger Observatory Simulations Scaler Data Auger Data Scalers since September 2005 Rate vs Time Rate vs Station Id Sensitivity ≈ 2 particles/m2 Only Ligthning Events X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status LAGO LAGO Large Aperture G RB Observatory Idea Detect GRB at high energy from the ground Who? Argentina Bolivia Mexico + France, Venezuela, Italy How? Using WCD: Easy to calibrate Detect Photons X. Bertou GRB in WCD Where? In high altitude mountain sites (> 4000 m) GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status LAGO LAGO Large Aperture G RB Observatory Idea Detect GRB at high energy from the ground Who? Argentina Bolivia Mexico + France, Venezuela, Italy How? Using WCD: Easy to calibrate Detect Photons X. Bertou GRB in WCD Where? In high altitude mountain sites (> 4000 m) GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status LAGO LAGO Large Aperture G RB Observatory Idea Detect GRB at high energy from the ground Who? Argentina Bolivia Mexico + France, Venezuela, Italy How? Using WCD: Easy to calibrate Detect Photons X. Bertou GRB in WCD Where? In high altitude mountain sites (> 4000 m) GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status LAGO LAGO Large Aperture G RB Observatory Idea Detect GRB at high energy from the ground Who? Argentina Bolivia Mexico + France, Venezuela, Italy How? Using WCD: Easy to calibrate Detect Photons X. Bertou GRB in WCD Where? In high altitude mountain sites (> 4000 m) GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status LAGO LAGO Large Aperture G RB Observatory Idea Detect GRB at high energy from the ground Who? Argentina Bolivia Mexico + France, Venezuela, Italy How? Using WCD: Easy to calibrate Detect Photons X. Bertou GRB in WCD Where? In high altitude mountain sites (> 4000 m) GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status Why going in altitude Particles at ground level At 5200 m 100 × more signal 8 × more noise √ √ S/ N ≈ 35 ≈ 1600 1 detector at 5200 m ≈ 1600 Auger detectors at 1400 m X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status Why going in altitude Particles at ground level At 5200 m 100 × more signal 5200 m 8 × more noise √ √ S/ N ≈ 35 ≈ 1600 1 detector at 5200 m ≈ 1600 Auger detectors at 1400 m 1400 m X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status Why going in altitude Particles at ground level At 5200 m 100 × more signal 5200 m 8 × more noise √ √ S/ N ≈ 35 ≈ 1600 1 detector at 5200 m ≈ 1600 Auger detectors at 1400 m 1400 m X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status Why going in altitude Particles at ground level At 5200 m 100 × more signal 5200 m 8 × more noise √ √ S/ N ≈ 35 ≈ 1600 1 detector at 5200 m ≈ 1600 Auger detectors at 1400 m 1400 m X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status LAGO Sites Various sites Sierra Negra, Mexico Chacaltaya, Bolivia Auger South, Argentina Detection in coincidence ∆Ω[Auger ,Chacaltaya] ≈ 15◦ Other sites in Argentina and/or Venezuela? X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status LAGO Sites Various sites Sierra Negra, Mexico Chacaltaya, Bolivia Auger South, Argentina Detection in coincidence ∆Ω[Auger ,Chacaltaya] ≈ 15◦ Other sites in Argentina and/or Venezuela? X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status LAGO Sites Various sites Sierra Negra, Mexico Chacaltaya, Bolivia Auger South, Argentina Detection in coincidence ∆Ω[Auger ,Chacaltaya] ≈ 15◦ Other sites in Argentina and/or Venezuela? X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status LAGO Sites Various sites Sierra Negra, Mexico Chacaltaya, Bolivia Auger South, Argentina Detection in coincidence ∆Ω[Auger ,Chacaltaya] ≈ 15◦ Other sites in Argentina and/or Venezuela? X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status LAGO Sites Various sites Sierra Negra, Mexico Chacaltaya, Bolivia Auger South, Argentina Detection in coincidence ∆Ω[Auger ,Chacaltaya] ≈ 15◦ Other sites in Argentina and/or Venezuela? X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status Pictures Chacaltaya - 5300 m asl (March) Sierra Negra - 4600 m asl (last week) X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status Pictures Chacaltaya - 5300 m asl (March) Sierra Negra - 4600 m asl (last week) X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status Pictures Chacaltaya - 5300 m asl (March) Sierra Negra - 4600 m asl (last week) X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status Pictures II: Sierra Negra, last monday X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status Prototype Detectors Prototypes for Chacaltaya Old prototype equipment from Auger (EA): Nahuelito Electronics PMTs Commercial water tanks: 1 PMT per tank 6 tanks per electronic Software rewritten: 4 scalers per PMT 5 ms time sampling Low cost X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status Prototype Detectors Prototypes for Chacaltaya Old prototype equipment from Auger (EA): Nahuelito Electronics PMTs Commercial water tanks: 1 PMT per tank 6 tanks per electronic Software rewritten: 4 scalers per PMT 5 ms time sampling Low cost X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status Prototype Detectors Prototypes for Chacaltaya Old prototype equipment from Auger (EA): Nahuelito Electronics PMTs Commercial water tanks: 1 PMT per tank 6 tanks per electronic Software rewritten: 4 scalers per PMT 5 ms time sampling Low cost X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status Prototype Detectors Prototypes for Chacaltaya Old prototype equipment from Auger (EA): Nahuelito Electronics PMTs Commercial water tanks: 1 PMT per tank 6 tanks per electronic Software rewritten: 4 scalers per PMT 5 ms time sampling Low cost X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status Prototype Detectors Prototypes for Chacaltaya Old prototype equipment from Auger (EA): Nahuelito Electronics PMTs Commercial water tanks: 1 PMT per tank 6 tanks per electronic Software rewritten: 4 scalers per PMT 5 ms time sampling Low cost X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status Current Status Sierra Negra Bariloche Running 1 m2 prototype detector 14 m2 with runnning DAQ (since last friday) 2 × 1 m2 detectors Chacaltaya Running 1 m2 prototype detector 4 m2 fiberglass tank in construction X. Bertou 3 × 4 m2 detectors First data recovered (monday) GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status Current Status Sierra Negra Bariloche Running 1 m2 prototype detector 14 m2 with runnning DAQ (since last friday) 2 × 1 m2 detectors Chacaltaya Running 1 m2 prototype detector 4 m2 fiberglass tank in construction X. Bertou 3 × 4 m2 detectors First data recovered (monday) GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status Current Status Sierra Negra Bariloche Running 1 m2 prototype detector 14 m2 with runnning DAQ (since last friday) 2 × 1 m2 detectors Chacaltaya Running 1 m2 prototype detector 4 m2 fiberglass tank in construction X. Bertou 3 × 4 m2 detectors First data recovered (monday) GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status Issues Calibration at high altitude Light leaks Use muon "shoulder" No muon decay Lightning Use one scaler below baseline X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status Issues Calibration at high altitude Light leaks Use muon "shoulder" No muon decay Lightning Use one scaler below baseline X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status Issues Calibration at high altitude Light leaks Use muon "shoulder" No muon decay Lightning Use one scaler below baseline X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status First data X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status Conclusions GRBs are no longer such a mystery Still no information at high energies (low fluxes) Chacaltaya @ 5300 m WCD are very efficient instruments to detect GRB from the ground Auger is quite competitive with dedicated ground based experiments A low-cost efficient experiment can be done by using WCD at high altitude X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status Conclusions GRBs are no longer such a mystery Still no information at high energies (low fluxes) Chacaltaya @ 5300 m WCD are very efficient instruments to detect GRB from the ground Auger is quite competitive with dedicated ground based experiments A low-cost efficient experiment can be done by using WCD at high altitude X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status Conclusions GRBs are no longer such a mystery Still no information at high energies (low fluxes) Chacaltaya @ 5300 m WCD are very efficient instruments to detect GRB from the ground Auger is quite competitive with dedicated ground based experiments A low-cost efficient experiment can be done by using WCD at high altitude X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status Conclusions GRBs are no longer such a mystery Still no information at high energies (low fluxes) Chacaltaya @ 5300 m WCD are very efficient instruments to detect GRB from the ground Auger is quite competitive with dedicated ground based experiments A low-cost efficient experiment can be done by using WCD at high altitude X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status Conclusions GRBs are no longer such a mystery Still no information at high energies (low fluxes) Chacaltaya @ 5300 m WCD are very efficient instruments to detect GRB from the ground Auger is quite competitive with dedicated ground based experiments A low-cost efficient experiment can be done by using WCD at high altitude X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status Gracias... X. Bertou GRB in WCD GRB Single Particle Technique in Water Cherenkov Detectors The Pierre Auger Observatory LAGO The Large Aperture G RB Observatory High Altitude Sites Prototypes WCD LAGO status And hope to see you in Bariloche X. Bertou GRB in WCD
