Link - Kraków - AROUND

Transcription

Welcome to Kraków
sobota, 18 kwietnia 15
Dictionary English - Polish
Good Morning - Dzien Dobry
Thank You - Dziekuje
Please - Prosze
Good Bye - Do widzenia
Hi - Czesc
Yes - Tak
No - Nie
Beer - Piwo
Where is... - Gdzie jest...
Toilet - Toaleta
CURRENCY
1 euro - 4 zloty
1 pound - 5zloty
10 norway crown - 5 zloty
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The Barbakan
The Barbakan or Barbican in Krakow in Poland is a fifteenth century gothic fortress which today
serves as a museum.
Built in approximately 1498, the Barbakan is a formidable circular structure with three-metre
thick brick walls and a series of defensive turrets, representing an exceptional example of
medieval engineering. It was built to protect Krakow and particularly the Florian Gate, the city’s
northern gate.
The Barbakan is one of the largest remaining medieval defensive structures in Europe and is
extremely well-preserved.
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The Florian Gate
The Florian Gate (Brama Floriańska) is a gothic tower in Krakow in Poland. Built under the orders of Prince
Leszek II in approximately 1285, the Florian Gate was one of eight towers which helped form the city’s
defences or ‘mury obronne’. It was the main defence of the northern part of the city and was itself protected
by the Barbican gateway.
Further towers were added in the fifteenth century, but the Florian Gate is the only remaining gate from the
original eight, the others having been removed in the nineteenth century ‘modernisation’ of Krakow.
In 1660, the Florian Gate was extended to include a Baroque roof, raising its height by one metre.
Today, the Florian Gate measures around 33.5 metres in height. A tour of the gate takes approximately half
an hour and can be visited together with the Barbakan.
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The Piarist Church of the
Transfiguration
The Piarist order came to Cracow in the second half of the
17th century, and their church was built from 1718 to 1728
by Kasper Bazanka.
The present shape of the facade was made by Franciszek
Placidi and dates from 1759 to 1761. Placidi developed
Bazanka's project, deriving from the situation of the church.
The facade is based on the Il Gesu church in Rome, but
aiming to enhance the frontal effect, the architect added a
decorative top storey and flattened the divisions of the
elevation.
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St. Mary’s Basilica
fter Tartar raids in the 13th century left the original church in a heap of ruins,
St. Mary’s was rebuilt in Gothic style on the existing foundations and
consecrated in 1320. In the early 15th century the towers took the iconic form
they have today, when the northern tower was raised to 80m high and made
into a watchtower for the city. It is from here that the hejnał mariacki - the
city's famous bugle call - is played every hour on the hour. One of the city's
most enduring traditions, the tune ironically breaks off mid-melody in honour of
the mythical trumpeter who was shot in the neck while belatedly warning the
city of Mongol invaders; don't miss it.
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Cloth Hall / Sukiennice
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The world's arguably oldest shopping mall has been in business in the middle of Krakow's centralGrand Square (Rynek
Glowny) for 700 years. Circa 1300 a roof was put over two rows of stalls to form the first Sukiennice building – Cloth Hall –
where the textile trade used to go on. It was extended into an imposing Gothic structure 108 meter long and eight meter
wide in the second half of the 14th century.
Nowadays stalls on the ground floor and shops in the arcades mostly sell assorted souvenirs.
Upstairs, since the 1880s the Krakow National Museum has exhibited its unparalleled collection of the 19century Polish art, including Jan Matejko's famous movie-like giant paintings.
One of two Cloth Hall's spacious cafes, the Noworolski’s on the east side, has been opened since 1910 when
it got its present elegant Art Nouveau decor.
The third cafe is situated upstairs on the premises of the National Museum in Krakow. It's smaller but it boasts
a roof terrace overlooking the most scenic part of the Old Town's central square.
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Town Hall Tower
After many fires, renovations and uncaring demolitions,
the only element of the 14th century Town Hall
remaining is this 70m-high tower, proudly standing next
to the Cloth Hall.
Ascend your way up three flights to the observation
deck for photogenic views of the Rynek, and on your way
take a look at the photography exhibition of Kraków
during the 1960s.
Outside the tower you will also find a metal model of the
old Town Hall as it looked in the 18th century - part of a
series made specially by the local authorities to allow the
blind to visualise the city (or in this case, how it once
looked).
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Collegium Maius
Jagiellonian University's oldest building, dating back to the 14th century. It stands at the corner of ulica Jagiellońska(Jagiellon
Street) and ulica Świętej Anny (St. Anne Street) near the main city centre.
The then 36-year-old first university in Poland, known at the time as Akademia krakowska (English: the Krakow Academy),
moved into the building some time in the 14th century after King Władysław II Jagiełłohad purchased it as an educational grant
with funds bequeathed by his late wife, Queen Jadwiga.
The Collegium Maius was rebuilt in the late 15th century as a late-Gothic structure surrounding a large courtyard bordered with
arcades. In 1517 a well was built in the center of the courtyard. Professors lived and worked upstairs, while lectures were held
downstairs.
In the 1490s the Collegium Maius counted among its students Nicolaus Copernicus, the Renaissanceastronomer and polymath
who would revolutionize European ideas about the universe.
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Collegium Novum
The main building of Jagiellonian University, Collegium Novum (Latin: New College) was built in 1873-1887 to a
neo-gothic design by Feliks Księżarski to match the style of Collegium Maius. Subsidised with money from
Vienna when Kraków was a ‘property’ of Austrian Galicia, the building was opened for the university’s 500th
anniversary after years of controversy and debate. In addition to the gorgeous façade, the building contains a
beautiful assembly hall (Aula) where a painting of Austria’s Franz Jozeph I hung until a group of students
famously shredded it in a symbolic act calling for the restoration of an independent Polish Republic in 1918.
Several important paintings remain, however, including portraits of university founders Kazimierz the Great and
Władysław Jagiełło, and Jan Matejko’s Copernicus: Conversation with God. A plaque commemorating
‘Sonderaktion Krakau’ can be found in the first floor lecture hall from which the university’s professors were
arrested. Today the university’s administrative centre, Collegium Novum is not open to tourists, but you can
have a poke around if you pose as a student. A monument to Copernicus also stands nearby.
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St. Francis’ Basilica
Kraków's most colourful church, and our personal
favourite, thanks to the gorgeous Art Nouveau interiors
by native son Stanisław Wyspiański, which nicely balance
the organic and geometric with unique floral patterns.
Wyspiański also made the eight stained-glass windows
around 1895, including the controversial and iconic
centrepiece, 'God the Father in the Act of Creation.'
Dating back to the 13th century, St. Francis' Basilica was
the first brick building in the city and is well worth
popping in, even for those who could care less for looking
at another church.
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Holy Trinity Basilica
Built in 1250 by Dominican friars from Bologna, the church
lost many of its treasures when it was gutted by fire back
in 1850.
Rebuilt in 1872 this huge structure is now an important
evangelical centre. The image of Our Lady of the Rosary,
found inside the Rosary chapel, is said to have healing
powers.
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Church of Saints Peter & Paul
Kraków's premier Jesuit Church was built in the early 1600s, and its crypt serves as the new national
pantheon for Poles distinguished in the arts, science and culture (Sławomir Mrożek was the first interred
here in September 2013). The twelve disciples standing on the gates outside are the church's most striking
feature, although the interior has been extensively renovated and the airy, austere grandeur of this late
Renaissance building is now evident. Possessors of a 46.5m Foucault Pendulum - a device invented by
French physicist Leon Foucault in 1851 which proves the earth's rotation, shows demonstrating its use
generally occur on Thursdays at 10:00, 11:00 and 12:00, but check their website to be sure.
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Wawel Castel
Wawel’s prominence as a centre of political power predates the building of the first Cathedral on the site in
1000AD. Evidence shows that Wawel Hill was being used as a fortified castle before Poland’s first ruler, Mieszko
I (circa 962-992) chose Wawel as one of his official residences. The first Polish king crowned in Wawel
Cathedral was the teenage Władysław the Short (1306-1333) on January 20, 1319, beginning a tradition that
would see a further 35 royal rulers crowned there up until the 17th century. All of these rulers used the Castle
as a residence, and all of them added their own architectural details to the building. The moving of the capital
to Warsaw in 1596 and Poland’s subsequent decline and partitioning saw the Royal Castle fall into a state of
disrepair. The occupying Austrians used it as a military hospital and even went so far as to demolish several
buildings including a number of churches on the site. The 20th century saw the Castle change hands on a
number of occasions, with the huge ongoing renovation works that continue to this day being halted for a
number of reasons, most famously when the Castle was used as the headquarters of the Nazi Governor
General, Hans Frank, during the German occupation of WWII. Today’s Castle complex is a beguiling muddle of
styles including Medieval, Romanesque, Renaissance, Gothic and Baroque. The inner courtyard with its
delightful colonnades is a true architectural masterpiece, and the treasures contained within do much to
contribute to Kraków’s rightful status as a truly world-class city.
Wawel Cathedral
12a
The scene of the crowning of almost every Polish king and queen throughout history, the current Wawel
Cathedral is the third to be built on the site. The first cathedral was built of wood, probably around 1020, but
certainly after the founding of the Bishopric of Kraków in 1000AD. Destroyed by fire it was replaced by a
second cathedral that subsequently burnt down again. The current building was consecrated in 1364 and built
on the orders of Poland’s first king to be crowned at Wawel, Władysław the Short (aka. Władysław the Elbowhigh, 1306-1333), who was crowned among the charred rubble of its predecessor in 1319. Considered the
most important single building in Poland, Wawel’s extraordinary Cathedral contains much that is original,
although many glorious additions have been made over the centuries. Arguably not as stunning as that of its
cousin St. Mary’s on the Rynek, the interior of Wawel Cathedral more than makes up for its visual shortcomings
thanks to the sheer amount of history packed inside. At its centre is the imposing tomb of the former Bishop of
Kraków, St. Stanisław (1030-1079), a suitably grand monument dedicated to the controversial cleric after
whom the Cathedral is dedicated. Boasting 18 chapels, all of them about as ostentatious as you’re ever likely
to see, of particular interest is the 15th-century Chapel of the Holy Cross, found to the right as you enter and
featuring some wonderful Russian murals as well as Veit Stoss’ 1492 marble sarcophagus to Kazimierz IV. The
Royal Crypts offer a cold and atmospheric diversion as the final resting place of kings and statesmen – most
recently fromer president Lech Kaczyński – while at the top of a gruelling wooden series of staircases is the
vast, 11 tonne Sigismund Bell - so loud it can supposedly be heard 50km away.
Dragon’s Den
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Formed about 25 million years ago, the spectacular limestone formation of Wawel Hill is not the solid piece of rock it appears
to be, but rather filled with eerie caves and crawl spaces. As legend would have it, the craggy chambers beneath Wawel were
once home to Smok Wawelski, or the Wawel Dragon, a particularly nasty creature who liked nothing more than to gorge
himself on sheep and local maidens. Story goes that as the village ran out of virgins, the King promised the hand of his only
daughter to the hero who could vanquish the vile beast. Wave upon wave of brave knights fell beneath the dragon's fiery
breath before a poor cobbler named Krak tricked Smok into eating a sheep stuffed full of sulphur, which instantly ignited
inside his gullet. With an unquenchable thirst the dragon went and drank half the river before his distended belly exploded
and the town was freed of his wrath. Krak married the princess, of course, became king, built his castle on the dragon's lair
and the people built a city around it named 'Kraków' after their saviour king.
Smok's bones were hung triumphantly outside the entrance of the Cathedral, where they remain today. His cave became a
famous tavern and brothel during medieval times and today functions as a tourist trap luring families into its dripping, less
than awe-inspiring confines (kids love it!). Save this for last since the route through the caves leads you down a descending
staircase inside the castle courtyard to be later deposited outside the complex on the riverbank below, right in front of
Smok's sculpted bronze likeness unveiled in 1972 to a design by the local artist Bronisław Chromy. It was once possible to
send Smok an SMS which would send him into temporary raptures of fire-breathing bliss, however he now does it without
checking his phone first, so just be patient and don't look down his throat.
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St. Bernard’s
With most eyes and cameras pointing towards Wawel
it’s easy to miss St. Bernard’s, a church and monastery
founded by St. John of Capistrano (1386-1456), a
Franciscan priest who made a name for himself by
among other things encouraging anti-Jewish pogroms.
Constructed in the second half of the 15th century,
St. Bernard’s was meant as a refuge for those wishing
to atone for their sins and live in accordance to the
teachings of St. Francis of Assisi. Fearing it would be
commandeered as a strategic base by the invading
Swedish troops the Poles burnt the church to the
ground in 1655, later rebuilding it in its current
Baroque style. The main altar was recently restored as
part of an ongoing renovation.
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Saint Paul’s Conversion Church
Saint Paul's Conversion Church was founded by
bishop Michal Szembek in 1719.The church was
designed by Kacper Bazanka who used mirrors inside the
church, which optically magnifying its space.
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Old Synagogue
Built on the cusp of the 15th and 16th centuries, the Old Synagogue serves as the oldest surviving
example of Jewish religious architecture in Poland and is home to a fine series of exhibits that
showcase the history and traditions of Polish Judaism. It is no longer a working synagogue. The
English explanations assume no great depth of knowledge on the reader's part and are therefore a
perfect primer on the subject. In the midst of all the glass cases stands the bimah enclosed in an
elaborate, wrought iron balustrade. There are also changing temporary exhibitions, and the bookshop
sells a fine selection of works related to Jewish Kraków in a number of languages
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New Jewish Cemetery
This enormous cemetery was established in 1800 and was the burial ground for many of
Kraków's distinguished Jews in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Its story takes on a darker
aspect with the decimation of the Jewish population between 1939 and 1945. Many of the
tombstones are actually no more than memorials to entire families that were killed in the
Holocaust, which now lie in overgrown clusters. The rejuvenation of Kazimierz has not fully
penetrated the walls of the New Cemetery, but there are many newly-lit candles burning over the
headstones.
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New Square
New Square is also known as a Jewish Square. Its current shape and size comes from 1844 when it was lastly
planned. Since 1900 a round pavilion has been standing in the middle of the square which contains small
groceries, butcher's and famous in Krakow today, fast food point with delicious casseroles.
On its roof, sometimes music concerts are played. New Square is often a place where music events and festivals
are organized, including events of Jewish Culture Festival and Festival of Soup. During weekdays, square is filled
with stalls of vegetables and antiques. On Sunday mornings it transforms into a busy clothing bazaar. Whole
square is surrounded by popular in town cafes and pubs which on warm summer nights spill out into the square
and form one giant beer garden. It is a popular meeting place for local artists.
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Corpus Christi Church
This massive brick beauty from the 14th century takes up two entire blocks in Kazimierz,
making it one of the city's largest holy sites. A three-naver in the Gothic style, the pulpit
features a golden boat (with oars and a mast even) being held aloft by two mermaids. And
though there are few things we like more than mermaids, the crowning glory has to be the
towering golden altarpiece. According to legend, a robber who had stolen a precious relic
from another church repented on this spot, abandoning the reliquary. The priests in pursuit
saw a strange light emanating from the ground and discovering their sacred prize, founded
a church here in recognition of the miracle.
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The Best Ice Cream in Krakow
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Shopping Center
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Sunday: 10.00AM - 9.00PM
YOUR TRANSFER
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TRIPS
We offer trips:
Auschwitz I
For centuries the town of Oświęcim was a quiet backwater community, largely bypassed by world events. That
changed with WWII when Oświęcim, known as ‘Auschwitz’ under German occupation, became the chosen site
of the largest death camp in the Third Reich. Between 1.1 million and 1.5 million people were exterminated
here, etching the name of Auschwitz forever into the history books; countless films, documentaries, books and
survivor accounts have since burned it into the collective consciousness, and the recent 70th anniversary of the
camp's liberation on January 27th, 2015 was commemorated internationally.
Auschwitz II - Birkenau
Having completed the long tour of Auschwitz I, some visitors decline the opportunity to visit Auschwitz II –
Birkenau, however it’s here that the impact of Auschwitz can be fully felt through the sheer size, scope and
solitude of the second camp. Added in 1942 Birkenau contained 300 barracks and buildings on a vast site that
covered 175 hectares. Soon after the Wannsee Conference on January 20, 1942, when Hitler and his
henchmen rubber-stamped the wholesale extermination of European Jews, it grew to become the biggest and
most savage of all the Nazi death factories, with up to 100,000 prisoners held there in 1944.
Wieliczka Salt Mine
A visit to the salt mine begins at the Daniłowicza Shaft; buy your ticket from the adjacent ticket office and
check the outside display for the time of the next guided tour in your language. Your ticket is valid for two
parts of the salt mine: the Tourist Route, which comprises the first 2 hours, and the Underground Museum
which takes an additional hour to visit. In between there’s an opportunity to take a break, use the restrooms
and even get something to eat (or escape if that’s your preference). However, be aware that the tour does not
end at the restaurant as many tour guides suggest it does to foreign groups; in fact, they are obliged to escort
you to and through the Underground Museum (which you have already paid for) as well.
Zakopane
Occupying a valley between the fearsome Tatra mountains and the hillside settlement of Gubałówka the town
of Zakopane owes its status to one man – Tytus Chalubinski. Visiting for the first time in 1873 our protagonist
was knocked out by the mountain scenery, crisp air, strange jodhpur-wearing local chaps and picture book
beauty. He returned to Warsaw full of the glories of the Zakopane, and couldn’t wait to let the cat out of the
bag. Within years what had been an obscure sheep-rearing community had been transformed into Poland’s
favourite mountain spa – the first wave of visitors were looking to cure their breathing ailments, and they were
swiftly followed by artists and authors searching for inspiration of both a spiritual and liquid kind. Composers
Szymankowski and Monuiszko and literary figures like Tetmajer and Witkacy all kept quarters here, as did a
pre-revolutionary Lenin, adding to the avant-garde legend that was growing around the town. By the outbreak
of WWII it had become one of Poland’s most high-profile destinations, and it’s a reputation that it still enjoys.
The year round population of the resort stands at 28,000, but the three million visitors who arrive annually do
a good job of making it feel there’s a couple of zeroes missing from the figure.
Eye Of The Sea
To enjoy your trip to Morskie Oko (The Eye of the sea), which is the largest lake in the Tatra
Mountains; you will need to set off a whole day. Firstly, because you need to get to “Lysa Polana” or
“Palenica Bialczanska," where the trail to Morskie Oko starts. From here you will need to travel the
9km up to the lake. Despite its length, the height difference on this route is only a little over 400
meters. The route, which largely runs along an asphalt road is not too difficult. However, it is a
relatively long walk for those of you that chose to walk this distance. It is worth putting the extra effort
into completing this journey, as you make your way up to the eye of the sea, you will be surrounded
by stunning views of the mountain peaks.
Wadowice
John Paul II’s Second House
Located some 50km southwest of Kraków, the small town of Wadowicefeatures a population of around 20,000
and is fairly unremarkable beyond the fact that it was here on May 18, 1920 that the future Pope John Paul II
was born, an event that"s turned the otherwise sleepy municipality into a major place of pilgrimage, complete
with tacky tourist trappings. Everything of interest revolves around the town"s small central square, the
appropriately named Pl. Jana Pawła II, including John Paul II"s Family House - a museum dedicated to the
great man"s life and work in the house he grew up in.
Black Madonna of Czestochowa
According to legend, Prince Ladislaus of Opole discovered the Black Madonna (age, ethnicity, birthplace:
unknown) in the Ukranian city of Belz where it was venerated for its miraculous properties after a mysterious
cloud enveloped the chapel housing the icon during the looting of the city, thus protecting it from the grubby
clutches of the Tartars. Ladislaus liked the painting and apparently took it with him, bringing it to Poland in
1382 and bestowing it to the Pauline monks who had recently been granted a monastery in Częstochowa.
check the price and book
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Link - Kraków - AROUND

Transcription

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