Survey Network Development

Survey Network Development
Warm Springs Reservation
1996 2011
1996-2011
Mission Statement
There has long been a desire on the reservation to create a
network of survey benchmarks to allow accurate mapping of
reservation resources and entering of GIS data into databanks
for analysis purposes.
In 1996 the reservation and BIA purchased survey grade GPS
equipment from Trimble to aid in preparation of road
construction plans and stakeout of construction projects.
This presentation will outline the process we went thru in
developing a reservation wide survey network and show the
typical survey monuments we deal with.
NGS System of Monuments
T Basic
Two
B i Types
T
Vertical Control Benchmarks
Horizontal
Control
Triangulation
Points
HTTP://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/datasheet.prl
Vertical Control
Survey Projects
All projects on reservation
were second order lines
lines.
One first order project
(best accuracy) located
East of Warm Springs
Reservation.
Work completed
September 1958.
1958
Vertical Benchmark X 502
Note:
Horizontal
position
accuracy +/+/
180 Meters.
Typical Equipment for Level
Surveys
Standard Level
Standard Leveling Technique
Triangulation
Manual
Published in
1959
Horizontal
C t l
Control
Network
Completed in
January
1957 by Coast and
Geodetic Survey
Typical Support Equipment for
Triangulation Network Surveys
Supply Truck
Field Stations
Setting and
Typical
Brass Cap
Monuments
Typical Survey
Crew Hiking to
Survey Station
Chaining to
Reference
Marks from
Monument
Typical Sighting Targets
Typical Survey Transits/Theodolites
Wild T-3
Theodolite
Engineer’ss Transit
Engineer
Parkhurst 1st
Order Theodolite
NGS Datasheet Station SIDWALLA
Note
N
t 1991 Adj
Adjustment
t
t date
d t
Classical (Terrestrial) Observed Station
H i t l Control
Horizontal
C t l Only
O l
Old NGS Datasheet Station FOSTER
Horizontal Control Station
Foster Azmuth Mark
Note painted metal fence
post. Arrow points to
triangulation station ½ mile
away.
Foster Triangulation Station
With T
Two
o Reference Marks
Typical Network Accuracies
Note Increasingg Accuracyy with more recent time pperiod.
GPS Basics
i
Navigational
g
Satellites in
Space and
Receivers on
Earth
Originally designed
to aid in submarine
navigation.
GPS Vector Basics
Two Receivers observing same satellites at same time.
Old
Harn
Network
(1991)
Harn =
High
Accuracy
R f
Reference
Network
NGS Datasheet Old Harn Station
WASCO DAM
HTTP://www.ngs.noaa.gov/CORS/ (Current)
CORS = C
Continous
i
O
Operating
i Reference
R f
S i
Station
NGS Datasheet Station
GOLDENDALE (CORS)
Typical CORS Stations
GPS Equipment Available
4 CORS Stations
Corvallis Gwen,
Corvallis,
Gwen Redmond,Kelso
Redmond Kelso
3 Trimble Survey Grade Receivers
2-4700 Model
1-4800 Model
Strategy:
Dedicate 2 Receivers
Recei ers to Apostle Network
Net ork
4+ Hour Observations (Long Lines)
Use 1 Receiver to Observe Vertical Benchmarks with
Standard Fast-Static Times (Short Lines)
OPUS System
Online
P iti i
Positioning
User
Service
CORS Based + 4 Hour Observation
Solve for new position of base
Apostle Network
with
ith CORS ties
ti
Note
Harn Stations And CORS
Stations Did Not Have
Same EPOCH Date
Should we Hold
Harn or CORS?
Apostle
p
Network
15 N
New S
Survey
Monuments on
R
Reservation
ti
3 new monuments
12 existing monuments
Held 4 (3 off reservation)
Solved for 15 new points
Green = Harn Held XYZ
Blue = Harn Held XY
Red = Ne
New Point
Note: Old Harn Data
and Geiod 96
Apostle Network
E
Error
Histograms
Hi t
Apostle Network Error Ellipses
(Units are in Centimeters)
Note:
CORS station
i at
Redmond = 1.5cm
Warm Springs Vertical Network
19 Stations Held X,Y, and Z (Apostle Points + Harn Stations)
69 Stations Solved for Position
(Mostly FHWA, BPA, and ODOT Vertical Benchmarks)
Fast Static Solutions
From Known Apostle
Monuments Minimum of
Two Independent
V
Vectors
per bbenchmark.
h
k
Error Histograms
V ti l Benchmarks
Vertical
B h
k
Error Ellipses Vertical Network
Station Foster
Held X,Y, and Z
Station G 419
Tree Interference
Stations H 111 and F 419
N
Normal
lS
Survey B
Benchmarks
h
k
New Harn Network
New Harn (1997) vs Old Harn (1991)
Height is ellipsoid height not
the same as elevation data
Elevation is from
Mean Sea Level
Station Junction
Height 1997 = 962.16m
Height 1991 = 962.29m
Difference
= -0.13m
Station Sky
Height 1997 = 963.30m
Height 1991 = 963
963.30m
30m
Difference
= 0.00m
Station Y 502 (Not in old Harn)
Elevation 1997 = 796.77m
Elevation 1991 = 796.68m
Difference
= +0.09m
Bluebook
Study
Selected 6 Apostle
points on the Warm
Springs Reservation and
resurveyed to NGS
standards for recordingg
in their database. Points
selected were near
public roads and had
easy access for off
reservation users.
Harn
Densification
2000-2001
Added 6 GPS Stations on
reservation and tied to
first order vertical data.
Network tied 8 counties
together 4 Independent
together.
vectors per station. Now
GEIOD 99 (Better Model)
HARN Densification Observation Schedule
2 ½ hour sessions (2/day)
NGS Datasheet Station CROOK
Note 1998 Adjustment date
GPS Observed Station
New NGS Datasheet Station FOSTER
Bluebook (1998) vs Classical (1991)
Station Quartz (3d Order Vertical)
Elevation 1998 = 841.06m
Elevation 1991 = 839.72m
Difference
= +1.34m
Station Foster (Triangulation Only)
Elevation 1998 = 766.3m
El
Elevation
i 1991 = 765.5m
765 5
Difference
= +0.8m
Station Crook (2nd Order Vertical)
Elevation 1998 = 792.96m
Elevation
ev o 1991
99 = 793.
793.19m
9
Difference
= -0.23m
Warm Springs Survey Network
Current Status 2011
• 57 Permanent Monuments (Three Mile Radius Approx)
– 23 Previous (USGS/FHWA/ODOT/BIA)
– 34 N
New (BIA GPS control
t l points)
i t)
– Yields 5 calibrated sites for RTK survey on reservation
• 38 Elevation Control Points ((Historical data BAD!!!))
• 469 Section and Quarter Corners (PLSS)
• 1969 Property Pins (Subdivision Lot Corners)
• 61 Road
dC
Construction
i Temporary Control
C
l Rods
d
• 110 Tribal Survey Points
Warm Springs RTK Base Network
Worst Observations
No Outliers 160 Observations
Histogram of Errors In Network
Error Ellipses (in Millimeters)
Note Errors in Height > Horizontal Errors
FHWA
V ti l
Vertical
Benchmark
3-24
Established in 1972 by
Western Federal Lands
Office in Vancouver,,
Washington. Survey is
suspect (all resurveys by
BIA and tribal surveyors
show vertical errors in
adjacent monuments).
Benchmarks
h
k are stable
bl
and good location maps.
Vertical Benchmarks vs Previous Data
Station X 502 (2nd Order Vertical)
Elevation 1998 = 796.447m
Elevation 1988 = 796.479m
Difference
= -0.32m
Station 3-24 (3d? Order Vertical FHWA)
Elevation 1998 = 809.631m
809 631m
Elevation 1991 = 808.349m
Difference
= +1.282m
Calibrated Sites (Communities)
Simnasho
Si
h
Sidwalter
Kahneeta
WarmSprings
Seekseequa
Average Error 1-2 cm about 0.1 ft or 1 inch
Warm Springs Reservation
Survey Base Stations
LIDAR Scanning Basics
Two Receivers observing same satellites at same time.
One Receiver in Plane with total station and Lazer scanner.
Other Receiver set on known GPS base location broadcasting RTK signal.
signal
Sample
p Benchmarks
Warm Springs Network
Listed in Order of Importance
USGS Triangulation Benchmarks
New BIA GPS Control Monuments
Old FHWA Benchmarks ((Set in Concrete))
Vertical Control Benchmarks (Set in Concrete)
New PLSS Corners (Set firmly in ground)
New BLM Witness Corners (Set firmly in ground)
Old PLSS Corners (High Set Brass Caps)
BPA GPS Survey Monuments (Iron rods and caps with fencepost)
Tribal
ib l Engineering
i
i Right-of-Way/Property
i h f
/
Pins
i (Permanent
(
control)
l)
BIA Roads Construction Control Points (Temporary project control)
USGS Station
i Foster
New Style BIA
GPS Control
Monument
Note fencepost to aid in finding
station license number, and date
stamp.
Wolfe GPS Station
GPS Station Wolfe
Vandalized
FHWA Benchmark K11
Typical New PLSS ¼ Corner
Note monument set
deeper
p in soil to allow
easier survey with
standard bipod.
BLM Witness Corner
Witness to Meander Corner for
Deschutes River.
Fence crib built over brass cap
monument.
Difficult to survey to now.
Typical Old PLSS ¼ Corner
Note high set of brass
capp makes surveyy
difficult with standard
bipod.
Typical Survey Technique
Old Style
S l PLSS C
Corner
HI = 0.001
0 001 meters
BPA GPS Survey Station WS 1004
Se in 1997
Set
997 For
o Flood
ood Plain
a Study
S udy
Iron Rod With Aluminum Cap
Set below ground with fiberglass post
((could be consumed in range
g fire))
Station in bottom of canyon
Bad visibility of satellites
Not Set in Concrete
Tribal Engineering
Ri h f W
Right-of-Way
or Property Pin
White post only for
right-of-way pins.
BIA Roads Branch
R dC
Road
Construction
i
Survey Control Point
Note punch mark and control point
number. Temporary Control for
Road Construction Project.
New Style BIA Plastic Cap
Meets Oregon State Standard for Survey Pin
Original BIA
Station Woody
Original BIA Station Rosemary
End of Presentation
Thank You