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Selective Breeding
Warm Up • Describe the following terms and give examples… • Adaptation • External Structural Adaptations • Behavioral Adaptations • Physiological Adaptations Warm Up • Describe the following terms and give examples… • Adaptation Characteristic or behavior that enhances survival; webbed feet, claws • External Structural Adaptations Part on the outside of body; claws, beaks, wings • Behavioral Adaptations Action; migration, hibernation • Physiological Adaptations Chemistry inside the body; slowing of heartbeat, hormones Tasks • Unit 12 Adaptations, Natural vs Selective Breeding • Finches Goals • I can describe and give examples of adaptations. • I can explain and give examples of natural selection and selective breeding. Adaptation • Characteristic that helps an organism to survive • Happens over a LONG period of time (many generations) • 3 types – Structural – fin, feathers, claws, sharp teeth – Behavioral – hibernation, migration – Physiological – slowing of heart rate, chemical changes in body Physiological Adaptation • Physiological – response by a cell or tissue to maintain homeostasis; chemical change in body; slowing of heart rate Common Name: Trans-Pecos Copperhead Scientific name: Agkistrodon contortrix pictigaster It is known to create an odor that smells like cucumbers. They have large hollow fangs at the front of the mouth. These hollow fangs allow the copperheads poison to be injected into its prey. Behavioral Adaptation • Adaptations that are external are located or happen outside the body • Hibernation • Migration Migration • Moving of organisms to a different location annually • B/C warmer climate, mating season • Birds – geese, some ducks • Herds of Mammals – wildebeest, buffalo • Butterflies • Whales, some fish Hibernation • Dormant (inactive) in winter • Deep sleep – Heart rate slows down – Not as much energy/food is required • Plants – deciduous trees • Animals – bears, squirrels Storage Bulb • Plants store food in a bulb to use later • Plants are often dormant during winter (shed leaves, not as much sunlight) • Onions, tulips, potatoes Selective Breeding vs. Natural Selection Natural Selection • Changes in genetic traits that occur over many generations due to environmental factors for survival or reproduction –Temperature, rainfall, predator-prey, attracting mates Natural Selection • Galapagos Medium Ground Finch • Now several species of finch because the variety of food sources found in different areas Natural Selection • Peppered Moths • During the Industrial Revolution trees were covered with soot from smoke ….the result Selective Breeding • the process of HUMANS choosing specific plants or animals to breed for desirable genetic traits • Domesticated animals • Crops Selective Breeding • • • • Domesticated animals are bred for…. Mild temper Color Speed Selective Breeding • • • • • • • Farm animals are bred for… Lay most eggs More meat Produce more milk Mild temper No horns Strength Selective Breeding • Plants such as fruits, vegetables, and garden flowers are bred for… • To produce more crop • To produce bigger crop • Resistant to pests and diseases • Drought-resistant Make a T chart Natural Selection Selective Breeding Selective Breeding or Natural Selection …you decide Cabbage Varieties Leafy Sea Dragon Selective Breeding or Natural Selection …you decide SELECTIVE BREEDING Cabbage Varieties NATURAL SELECTION Leafy Sea Dragon Selective Breeding or Natural Selection …you decide Bengal Cat Tesonite (Corn) Selective Breeding or Natural Selection …you decide SELECTIVE BREEDING Bengal Cat SELECTIVE BREEDING Tesonite (Corn) Selective Breeding or Natural Selection …you decide Liger Puggle Selective Breeding or Natural Selection …you decide SELECTIVE BREEDING Liger SELECTIVE BREEDING Puggle Selective Breeding or Natural Selection …you decide Eyes that rotate in all directions zebra Selective Breeding or Natural Selection …you decide Eyes that rotate in all directions NATURAL SELECTION NATURAL SELECTION zebra Sequence the diagrams to show in the correct order of finch migration in the Galapagos Islands. Then sequence the statements to describe the correct order of finch migration. The finches increased in numbers and, under influence of natural selection, gradually became adapted to the local environment. Some managed to fly back to the first island but reproductive isolation had occurred between them and the existing population. Originally, there were no finches on the islands. Some finches from the mainland managed to fly across to them. Some of the finches managed to fly to a second island where the environment was different. Gradually they adapted to the conditions on the second island. This process was repeated over and over again as the finches colonized more of the islands. Some finches managed to fly to other islands where the environment was different. Adaptation to the new conditions gradually took place Match the finch beak with the tool that most closely resembles the beak function. I. Large Ground IV. Small Ground II. Large Tree Finch III. Warbler Finch V. Cactus Finch Finch Finch large strong crushing beak strong sharp beak for grabbing and cutting small pointed beak for probing into cracks strong crushing beak I. ___ large ground finch - large strong crushing beak II. ___ large tree finch - strong sharp beak for grabbing and cutting III. ___ warbler finch - small pointed beak for probing into cracks IV. ___ small ground finch - strong crushing beak V. ___ cactus finch - long tough beak for probing A. tweezers B. small nutcrackers C. long-nosed pliers D. large nutcrackers long tough beak for probing E. metal cutters Match the finch beak with the tool that most closely resembles the beak function. I. Large Ground IV. Small Ground II. Large Tree Finch III. Warbler Finch V. Cactus Finch Finch Finch large strong crushing beak strong sharp beak for grabbing and cutting small pointed beak for probing into cracks strong crushing beak A. Small insects in B. Large hard seeds. C. Cactus seeds and D. Large insects cracks and crevices. nectar. such as beetles. long tough beak for probing E. Small hard seeds.
