cffp certified vehicles are widely available

CLEAN AIR UPDATE
CFFP CERTIFIED VEHICLES ARE WIDELY AVAILABLE
The Clean Fuel Fleet Program (CFFP) began in September 1998 covering 1999 and
later model year vehicle purchases in the six nonattainment
hBlE I
CLEAN
AIR
NONATTAINMENT
AREAS
areas (See Table 1) which
"opted in" to the federal Clean Fuel Fleet Program:
• Atlanta, GA
OPT IN AREAS
Atlanta.
GA
Baton R_ge.
• Baton Rouge, LA
LA
ChIcago. IL-IN
Denve •...BouIder.
Milwaukee-Hackle.
Washington,
• Chicago-Lake County, IL-Gary, IN
CO
• Denver-Boulder, CO
WI
DC-MD-VA
• Milwaukee-Racine,
WI
OPT OUT AREAS
Boston.
CT
Hartford.
Providence.
YorIr"
All other states with nonattainment
HIlMA
Springfield.
New
• Washington, D.C.-MD-YA
MA
MA
of the federal program and adopt substitute programs to meet the air quality improve-
NY-N.J-CT
Baltimore.
Philadelphia,
ment objectives of the Clean Air Act.
MD
Huntington-Ashland.
WV-KY-OH
In the six "opt in" nonattainment
areas, public or private fleets with 10 or more
PA-N.J-DE
vehicles under 8,500 lbs. gross vehicle weight that are centrally fueled or capable of
EI Paso, TX
Dallas-Fort
communities (Table 1) have chosen to "opt out"
being centrally fueled! must purchase certified clean fuel vehicles. Table 2 (page 4)
Worth. TX
Houston-Galveston-
••.• lI:oria. TX
Bakersfield,
shows the required percentages of total new vehicle purchases that must be clean fuel
CA
vehicles in each model year. The CFFP gives fleets credits for clean fuel vehicle
Loti Angeles-Anaheim-Riwerside.
CA
purchases before the implementation
date, in quantities above the minimums, and for
purchases meeting more stringent than required standards.
These credits can be
!bn Diego. CA
Santa Barbara,
€:A
Phoen •••. AZ
banked against future years' purchase requirements or traded to other fleets. Fleet
managers must register clean vehicle purchases with their local regulatory agencies.
Some of the remaining 18 "opt out" nonattainment
The 24 metropolitan areas covered by the Clean
Air Act all seriousl)' exceed the EPA standards for
pennissible /noe/.<;of carbon mOlw:\ide and ozone
(smog) poUution. These so-called nonattainment
areas have a population of 250 ,OL1Oor more and
often extend beyond city limits to the entire
geographical area.
3
areas have established alternate
emissions programs. The requirements in these areas vary widely, but most do not
include any fleet-specific mandates.
However, fleet managers should contact their
local agencies to ensure proper compliance.
I Centrally
Fueled orCapable of Being Centrally Fueled: A fleet, or that part of a fleet, consisting of vehicles that could
he refuek-d 100 percent of the time at a location that is owned, operated, or controHed by the co\'ered fleet operator,
or is under contmct with the covered fleet operator. The fact that one or more vehicles in a fleet islare not centrally
fueled does not exempt an entire fleet from the progrdm. Vehicles that ate garaged at a private residence at night are
exempt from the program.
While paperwork to comply with the CFFP and local programs is an added burden for
fleet managers, the availability of vehicles necessary to meet purchase requirements
is not a problem. There is a wide selection of regular production 2000 model year
vehicles that are CFFP certified and meet the emissions standards of both the CFFP
and local regulatory entities. Table 3 (page 5) lists 2000 model year vehicles that are
lAm 2
CFFP certified.
CFFP VEHIl:U
EPACT AND THE DOE
The Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT), enacted to reduce
Ught
u.s. dependence
on
Duty Vehicles
PURCHASE
(8,500
REOUIREMfNTS
Ibs. GVWR
Of' 1e•• 1
MYZOOO
50 percent
MY2001 and afte,
70 percent of new purchase.
of new purchases
foreign oil, authorizes the Department of Energy (DOE) to examine whether
alternate fuel mandates for private fleets are needed to accomplish the goals of the
Heavy
Duty
MY 1999
Vehicles
and after
(up to 28.000
lb •• GVWR)
50 percent of new purcha_.
Act. The DOE held meetings with members of the American Automotive Leasing
Association (AALA) and the National AssociationofFleet Administrators (NAFA)
during this past winter to discuss possible EPACT fleet mandates. The DOE will
continue such discussions before any final decision is made.
CLEAN
VEHICLE
Ultra-Low
Emissions
Inherentfy
Low Emission
National
In the absence of significant improvements in fuel economy, alternative fuel vehicle
FUH
Low Emi •• ion Vehicles
Vehicles
Low Emission
CATEGORIES
ILEV)
CULEY)
Vehicles
Vehicle.,
IILEY)
INLEV)
Z.ro Emission V.hicl •• (ZEV)
purchases will likely be required beginning in year 2002. Automakers have prototype
sedans designed to achieve 80 miles per gallon and are continuing development in
this area. In addition, the rapid development of hybrids and fuel cell vehicles may
preclude the necessity for EPACT action.
CLEAN VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES
Battery powered electric vehicles have not been successful as they necessitate heavy,
costly batteries, take a long time to recharge and have extremely limited range and
power. These shortcomings were recognized in the marketplace. Less than 2,500
electric vehicles from all manufacturers had been leased as of eatly 1999. In late April
1999, Honda announced it was discontinuing production of its electric vehicle to
concentrate on fuel cell and hybrid technologies. While other manufacturers voiced
their continued support for their electric programs, the future of such vehicles
appears dim.
4
TAm 3
AVAilABLE
VEHICLl
COMPACTS
Chenolct Ca,'alicr
Chenolet Malibu
Chrysler Cirrus
Dodge/Plymouth Neon
Dodge Stratus
Ford Contour
Mazda Protege
Nissan Altima
Nissan 5cntra
Oldsmobile Alcro
Oldsmobile Cutlass
Plymouth Brt'cze
Pontiac Cr,lnd Am
Pontiac SUllfire
MIIJSIZE CARS
Buick Century
Buick Ikgal
Chcvrolet Impala
Chevrolet Lumina
Ford Taurus
Mercury Sable
Oldsmobile Aurora
Oldsmobile Intrigue
Pontiac Grand Prix
Subaru Legacy
Toyota Camry
LARGE CARS
Buick l.eSabre
Buick Park Avenuc
Cadillac Eldorado
Cadillac Seville
Ford Crown Victoria
Lincol n Town Car
Lincoln 1.5
Mercury Grand Marquis
Pontiac Bonneville
Toyota Avalon
COMPACT PICKUPS
Chevrolet S10
Ford Ranger
Gl\fC Sonoma
Mazda B2500
Nissan Frontier
FEDERAL
CLEAN
FUEl
CERTIFIED
CERTlFICAnON'
FEDERAL CERTlflCAnON'
VEHICLE
LEY, Bi.fueL Gas/CNG
LEV
LEV
LEV, ULEV, ILEV
LEV
Bi~Fuel;Gas/CNG
LEV, ULEV (Gas)
LEV
LEV
LEV
LEV
LEV
LEV
LEV
LEV
LEV, ULEV, ILEV
FULL SIZE PICKUPS
Chevrolet C1S00/2500 Silverado
Chevrolet ClK
Dodge RAtv1 Pickup
Ford F 150/250
Gi\.1CC1500/2500 Sierra
Toyota'l'unclra
MINIVANS
Chevrolet Astra
Chevrolet Venture
Chrysler 'I()wn & Country
Dodge Caravan/Plymouth Voyager
Ford Windstar
Nissan Quest
Oldsmobile Silhouette
Pontiac tv10ntana
Toyota Sit'nlla
FULL SIZE VANS
Chevrolet 1100/2500 Express Van
Dodge RA M Van
ULEV,ILEV
LEV, ULEV, ILEV
LEV
LEV
LEV
LEV
LEV, ULEV, ILEV
LEV
Ford Econoline
GMC 1500/2500 Savana
GMC Safari
UTILITY VEHICLES
Chcvrolet Blazer
Chevwlet Tahoe
Dodge Durango
LEV, ULEV
LEV, ULEV,
LEV, ULEV,
LEV
LEV
LEV, ULEV
LEV
LEV
LEV
LEV, ULEV,
LEV
VEHICLES
ILEV
ILEV
LEV
LEV
LEV, ULEV (CNG),
Bi-fuet Gas/CNG 0' LPG
LEV
LEV,ILEV
LEV
LEV
LEV
LEV
LEV
LEV
LEV
LEV
LEV
ford Explorer
kt'p Grand Cherokee
t\'lerulry Mountaineer
Nis,~anPathfinder
Oldsmobile Bravada
'](lyota 4Runncr
ILEV
LEV, ZEV, Bi-fuel: Gas/Ethanol
LEV, ULEV, ZEV
LEV, Bi-fuel: Gas/Ethanol
LEV
LEV
LARGE UTILITY VEHICLES
Cadillac Escalade
Chcvrolet! GMC Suburban
ford Expedition
GMCYukon
Lincoln Navigator
Note: Each model above comes with different engine options,
Be sure to verify vehicle certification
5
LEV, ULEV, ILEV
LEV
LEV
LEV,ZEV
LEV, ULEV
LEV
LEV
LEV
LEV
LEV
Gtv1C Jimmy
(CNG)
LEV
Bi-fuel: Gas/CNG
LEV
LEV, ULEV (CNG)
LEV, Bi-fuel: Gas/CNG
LEV
with the manufacturer
LEV
LEV
LEV
LEV
LEV
some of which may not be CFFP certified.
prior to purchase.
Hybrid technology, which combines batteries and electric motors with small internal
combustion engines, obtains extended miles per gallon (mpg) and low emissions.
Toyota has a hybrid on the market, and GM, Ford and DaimlerChrysler
prototype hybrids they intend to market within a few years.
have
However, hybrid
technology is expensive and mechanically complex and may not be viable for long,
term mass production.
~j)lI;Z.t/*1}P...i2 '
2000
Alternate
fuels (compressed natural gas, propane, E85, ethanol and methanol)
Altemate Fuel Vehicle Toyota Rav 4 EV
continue to be hampered by the lack of an infrastructure to produce and deliver the
fuels. In addition, many alternate fuel vehiCles require large, heavy and expensive fuel
tanks which reduce the vehicle's storage capacity.
Fuel cell vehicles continue to be the most promising technology for the future. Fuel
cell vehicles have electric motors which, instead of using batteries as a power source,
create their own electricity by combining hydrogen and oxygen electrochemically
while discharging only heat, water vapor and minute traces of carbon dioxide.
Although hydrogen storage is expensive and dangerous, new technology can extract
hydrogen from gasoline and could thus utilize the current gasoline infrastructure.
DaimlerChryslerand
2000 Altemate Fuel Vehicle Chrysler Electric Minivan
Ford have operating fuel cell prototypes with on,board hydrogen
storage tanks.
FOR
COMPLIANCE
ONlillJIfG
UPDATES
REQUIREMENTS
ArID
ABOUT
CFFP
CLEAN
AIR
CERTIFIED
EPA
http://_.epa.gov/orns_lcH.hbtI
EPA
http://_.epa.gov.orcdiJ:Ull/cH.htm
ACT
VEHICLES,
VISIT
http://_.dnr.state.ga.uaJdnr/ec,,riron
http:lt-.cdphe.&tate.co.uaJcdpheteg.htmlllapreg
Louisiana
http://www.deq.state.la.usIoarp/oarpdiv.htm
Wisconsin
http://www.dnr.state.w1.U$/orgIaw/air/reglcff/cH.htm
T.~
http://_.tnrcc.state.tx.LI$/alr/msltd.htm
Califomia
http://_.artJ.ce.gov1homepage.htm
lRinols
http://_.epa
••••
http://_.epa.ohlo.gov/otfter/sbaoldNnairJrtml
.• tate.il.uslair/clean-flaeMleetl"mdex.html
http://www.epa.ohio.gov/other/moJsbeaal.html
Olone Transport
Commbsig.n
http://www.aso.lKgfotel
6