Eter Shengelia _ Disertacia-2014

Transcription

avtoris stili daculia
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti
humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti
qarTveluri enaTmecniereba
eTer Sengelia
samoselTan dakavSirebuli leqsika megrulmegrul-lazurSi
(istoriul(istoriul-SedarebiTi analizi)
filologiis doqtoris (Ph. D.) akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenili
d i s e r t a c i a
samecniero xelmZRvaneli: filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori,
Tsu asoc. profesori merab Cuxua
Tbilisi
2014
Sesavali
winamdebare
naSromi
dakavSirebuli
miznad
ZiriTadi
isaxavs,
leqsikuri
warmoaCinos
erTeulebi
samoselTan
megrul-lazurSi;
gamoavlinos sakuTriv megrul-lazuri enobrivi monacemebi; gamoiyos is
leqsemebi, romlebsac Sesatyvisebi moepoveba sxva qarTvelur enasa Tu
dialeqtebSi; Seiswavlos dialeqtebSi megrul-lazuridan gasuli da,
piriqiT, dialeqtebidan megrul-lazurSi SeTvisebuli, ucxo enebidan
damkvidrebuli
an
qarTveluridan
sxva
enebSi
gasuli
leqsikuri
erTeulebi.
enis
ZiriTadi
leqsikuri
fondis
asaxva,
misi
Seswavla
metad
mniSvnelovani da aqtualuri sakiTxia leqsikologiisaTvis da, saerTod,
enisa da eris istoriisaTvis.
leqsikis
eniWeba,
dargobrivad
ramdenadac
sisruliT
ama
gamoavlens
mniSvnelobebs
da
TvalsazrisiT,
radganac
saintereso
ubania
Seswavlis
meTods
Tu im dargis
leqsikas,
saTanado
Tanmimdevrulad
daazustebs
adgils
miuCens
warmodgenili
qarTveluri
garkveuli
aRwera
leqsikur
maT
saanalizo
erovnuli
upiratesoba
meti
erTeulTa
terminologiuri
masala
Cacmulobisa
da
erT-erTi
im
wes-
Cveulebebis Sesaswavlad, romlebic samosels ukavSirdeba.
leqsikis
amgvari
aRwera
saintereso
da
faseulia
eTnografiuli
TvalsazrisiTac.
winamdebare
naSromi,
dakavSirebuli
enaTmecnieruli
leqsikis
TvalsazrisiT,
monografiulad
Seswavlis
samoselTan
pirvel
cdas
warmoadgens.
leqsikis dargobrivi Seswavla mniSvnelovania konkretul sityvaTa
Zireuli
da
meoreuli
mniSvnelobebisa
da
enis
leqsikuri
fondis
Sevsebis TvalsazrisiT.
leqsikis dargobriv Seswavlas awarmoebdnen eTnografebic, cxadia, ara
enaTmecnieruli
eTnografiul
kuTxiT.
monacemebze
gasaTvaliswinebelia
is
damyarebiT
dajgufeba
leqsikis
garemoeba,
rom
saTanado
kulturuli wris suraTs iZleva, ramdenadac es kultura leqsikaSia
2
asaxuli. ra Tqma unda, amgvari dajgufeba, rogorc b. foCxua aRniSnavs,
`gareenobrivia~ (foCxua 1974, 240). amdenad, mniSvnelovania eTnografiuli
masalis
gaTvaliswinebiT,
dakavSirebuli
dargobrivi,
leqsikis
sakuTriv
am
SemTxvevaSi,
enaTmecnieruli
samoselTan
TvalsazrisiT
Seswavla, romelic gansazRvravs, erTi mxriv, specialur leqsikasa da
saerTo enas Soris arsebul urTierTobas da, meore mxriv, warmodgenili
masalis adgils qarTuli enis istoriaSi.
sakiTxis Seswavlis istoriisaTvis mniSvnelovania iv. javaxiSvilis, i.
ciciSvilis, n. CofikaSvilis, osman beis, g. yazbegis, a. lambertis, m.
vaniliSis, a. Tandilavasa da sxvaTa gamokvlevebi Tu eTnografiuli
Canawerebi,
romlebic
mniSvnelovan
wyaros
warmoadgenen
calkeul
sityvaTa ganmartebisa Tu istoriisaTvis.
iv.
javaxiSvili
eTnografiul
aRniSnavs,
monacemebTan
rom
samoslis
istoriis
erTad
arsebiTia
misi
dasadgenad
enaTmecnieruli
Seswavla. am mxriv, sayuradReboa l. biniaSvilis sadisertacio naSromi:
`samoslis
aRmniSvneli
leqsika
Zvel
qarTulSi~.
saerToqarTuli
viTarebis gamosavlenad, vfiqrobT, warmodgenili naSromic, `samoselTan
dakavSirebuli
qarTuli
leqsika
samoslis
megrul-lazurSi~,
istoriis
garkveul
Seswavlasa
da
wvlils
misi
Seitans
enaTmecnieruli
TvalsazrisiT kvlevis saqmeSi.
naSromSi
ganxiluli
literaturaSi
masalis
arsebuli
wyaros
monacemebi,
warmoadgens
kerZod,
ivane
specialur
javaxiSvilis
`masalebi saqarTvelos Sinamrewvelobisa da xelosnobis istoriisaTvis~,
gamocemuli
dialeqtis
teqstebi,
leqsikonebi,
saleqsikono
enaTmecnierebis
fondi
institutSi),
eTnografiuli
(daculi
ucxoel
arn.
masalebi,
Ciqobavas
mogzaurTa
lazuri
saxelobis
aRwerilobebsa
da
gamokvlevebSi moZiebuli leqsikuri erTeulebi. amasTanave, 2004 wlidan
disertaciis avtoris mier samegrelosa (Cxorowyus, martvilis, senakis,
walenjixis,
zugdidis,
(xelvaCauris
raionis
arsebuli
viweSi)
istoriuli
savele
xobis,
sarfis
lazeTis
samuSaoebis
abaSis,
Temsa
qalaq
da
TurqeTis
teritoriaze
Sedegad
foTis)
_
da
SemadgenlobaSi
xofaSi,
mopovebuli
lazeTSi
arqabesa
samoselTan
da
da
3
SinamrewvelobasTan dakavSirebuli leqsikuri erTeulebi da saTanado
zepirsityvierebis nimuSebi.
disertaciaSi
SeZlebisdagvarad
dakavSirebuli
tanisamoss,
leqsika
Tavsaburavs,
srulad
megrul-lazurSi.
fexsamoss;
aRiwera
samoselTan
samoselSi
ganvixilavT:
Cacma-gaxdis,
masalis
aRmniSvnel
Tematur jgufebs.
naSromSi gamoiyo sami Tavi:
I Tavi _ samoseli;
II Tavi _ samoslis CacmasTan da gaxdasTan dakavSirebuli sityvebi;
III
Tavi
_
samoselTan
dakavSirebuli
megrul-lazuri
leqsika
frazeologizmebSi.
TiToeul
TavSi
gamoiyo
qveTavebi
da
paragrafebi
semantikuri
jgufebis mixedviT.
samoselTan dakavSirebuli leqsika Tematurad aris gaanalizebuli.
naSromSi yuradReba gamaxvilebulia sityvis mxolod im mniSvnelobaze an
mniSvnelobebze,
romlebic
samoslis
Tematur
jgufSi
Semodis,
sxva
mniSvnelobebi ki amjerad gaTvaliswinebuli ar aris.
megrul-lazuri erTeulebi cal-calke aris ganxiluli. saanalizo
saxelebi warmodgenilia saxelobiTi brunvis formiT, zmnuri erTeulebi
ki mocemulia masdarisa an piriani formiT.
masala
semantikuri
jgufis
SigniT
ganvixileT
struqturuli
da
istoriul-SedarebiTi TvalsazrisiT, raTa semantikuri erTianoba ar
darRveuliyo.
Cven mier mopovebuli masala teqstSi miTiTebulia: Cveni masala.
4
Tavi I
samoseli
iv. javaxiSvili sagangebod msjelobs samoslis saxeobebis Sesaxeb.
misi
SexedulebiT,
SeiZleba
gamoiyos
tanisamosis
jgufebi:
`yovlis
rigis tanisamosi (yovelgvari tanisamosi). e. i. aq Sedis daniSnulebis
mixedviT:
qalis,
kacis,
bavSvis,
queSeTi
sacmeli,
samoseli
zeiT;
samoseli gansxvavdeboda adgilmdebareobis mixedviT: SigniTa, gareTa,
weliwadis droisa da siTbo-sicivis mixedviT, saSinao, sagareo, samuSao
da uqme dReebSi Casacmeli, samoseli qvrivobisa, patiosani, Sesaferisi
da
kargi
Cacma,
pirTaTvis
sxvadasxva
gankuTvnili
wodebisa
tanisamosi:
da
socialuri
samefo,
mdgomareobis
sadedoflo
da
mefis
moxeleTa tanisamosi. iyo agreTve savaWro − vaWarTaTvis, Semdeg e. w.
monaTa
tanisamosi,
mogzaurTa
anu
saRaribo
tanisamosi
da
asakis
mixedviT dajgufebuli~ (masalebi 1962, 85).
SesavalSi
aRvniSneT,
rom
samosels
ganvixilavT
sami
aspeqtis
mixedviT: tanisamosi, fexsamosi, Tavsaburavi. iv. javaxiSvilis mocemuli
klasifikacis
gaTvaliswinebiT,
miviCnieT,
I
TavSi,
romelic
exeba
samosels zogadad, gamogveyo eqvsi qveTavi Sesabamisi paragrafebiT.
I qveTavi
tanisamosi
mocemul qveTavSi ganvixilavT tanisamosis saxelwodebebs zogadad,
konkretul
saxeobebs,
samosels
adgilmdebareobisa
da
daniSnulebis
mixedviT, romlebic ganawilebulia saTanado paragrafebSi:
$ 1. tanisamosis aRmniSvneli zogadi saxelebi
am
jgufSi
romlebic
gaerTianebulia
tanisamosis
zogad
megrul-lazuri
saxelwodebas
leqsikuri
erTeulebi,
warmoadgenen.
masala
5
gamovlenilia rogorc megrulSi, aseve lazurSi warmodgenilia, rogorc
qarTveluri, aseve nasesxebi leqsika.
megruli
megr. barg-i 1) `tansacmeli~. bargi oko q mkiqune, muTa goxvar metia
`tansacmeli unda Caicva, araferi giSvelis metio~. 2) `bargi, qoneba~
TuTaSa difrTuqu do bargi kirilo q dmoxvamileva `Tvemde davbrundebi
da bargi (qoneba) Sekruli damaxvedreo (wasaRebad)~ (qajaia I, 2001).
dasturdeba am fuZidan nawarmoebi sxva formac: bargobua `Casacmeli
zogadad~ (qajaia IV, 2009). (ix. laz. barg-). barg-i qarTulSic gvxvdeba am
mniSvnelobiT: 1. moZravi qoneba (qveSagebi, aveji da misT.); 2. tvirTi; 3.
gadat. mziTvad gatanebuli qveSagebi, tanisamosi, aveji (qegli I, 2008).
T. saxokia aRniSnavs, rom megrulSi tanisamosis mniSvnelobiT bargs
iyeneben
zugdidisa
samegreloSi
nawilebSia
da
sxvagan
ar
daviwyebuli~
samurzayanosken.
xmaroben,
(saxokia
iseve
am
rogorc
1979,
66).
TvalsazrisiT
mas
saqarTvelos
sxva
megrulSi
es
fuZe
warmodgenilia rTuli fuZis Semadgenel nawilad: barg -barxana, Sdr.
qarT. bargi-barxana `nair-nairi bargi, yovelgvari bargi~ (qegli I, 2008).
igive Ziri rTuli fuZis Semadgenel nawilad dasturdeba TuSurSi,
sadac:
barg-band
`Zvelmani,
bargibarxana~
(cocaniZe
2012).
gvxvdeba
xevsurulSic: martivi barg-i `tvirTi~ da rTuli sityvis Semadgenel
nawilad barg-bandi `barg-barxana~ (WinWarauli 2005).
amrigad, megrulisgan gansxvavebiT, dialeqtebSi barg-s tansacmlis
mniSvneloba
ara
aqvs,
saliteraturo
qarTulSi
mxolod
gadataniT
niSnavs tansacmels.
barg- fuZes aqvs zmnuri mniSvnelobac: megr. a-barg-eba ìZuleba, rom
abargdes~ (qajaia IV, 2009). erT-erTi mTqmelisagan CaviwereT: e-barg-eb-a ||
e-barg-af-a òjaxidan wasvla Zirfesvianad~. a. qobaliasTan dasturdeba
paraleluri
forma
e-barg-in-i
àbargeba,
abanakeba~
(qobalia
2010).
zmnuri mniSvnelobiT qarTulSic gvxvdeba: barg- (a-barg-d-eb-a) `bargs
aikravs, wasasvlelad moemzadeba~ (qegli I, 2008).
6
saanalizo sityvis istoriisaTvis mniSvnelovania v. abaevis Sexeduleba.
is qarT. barg- fuZes adarebs os. twarğğ `tvirTi, sapalne~, spars. fal. b r
`tvirTi~, spars. xarv r `viris sapalne~ (abaevi IV, 1989, 49). aRniSnul fuZes
dasaxelebul enebSi tansacmlis mniSvneloba ar udasturdeba. SeiZleba
es mniSvneloba qarTul niadagzea ganviTarebuli. rogorc Cans, bargfuZe megrulSi saliteraturo enis meSveobiT aris Sesuli.
megr. mikaqvenj-i (mika-qven-j-i) `Casacmeli~ || tanmikoqvenj-i
(tan-miko-
(qajaia II, 2002). (SeiZleba am formiTac iyos: tan -miko-qven-j-i) ||
qven-j-i)
tan-mikoqvenj-i
(tan-miko-qven-j-i)
||
tan-mukoqvenj-i
(tan-muko-qven-j-i)
(qobalia 2010) || mukoqvenj-i (muko-qven-j-i) || mukoqunal-i
`tanisamosi~
(muko-quna-l-i) `tansacmeli~ (fifia 2008) || megr. mukaqunal-i (muka-qun-ali) ← *mukooqunal-i (*mukoo-qun-al-i) (qajaia II, 2002); megr. mukaqunal-i
(muka-qun-al-i)
`tansacmeli, Cacmuloba~ (qobalia
2010). Cveni masalis
mixedviT, es formac dasturdeba: m kaqunal-i (m ka-qun-al-i).
gaanalizebuli fuZeebi nawarmoebia zmnuri qun- || qv- `Cacma~ Zirisagan.
maT Soris gamoiyofa martivi da rTuli fuZeebi. martivi: mika-qven-j-i ||
muko-qven-j-i, sadac mika- || muko-
rTuli zmniswinebia, qven- Ziri, -j ki –
sufiqsi. muko-qun-al-i || muka-qun-al-i ← mukoo-qun-al-i
drois
vnebiTi
gvaris
mimReobebia.
aqac
SeiZleba
– momavali
gamoiyos
rTuli
zmniswinebi: muko- || muka- ← mukoo-, qun- Ziri da mimReobis mawarmoebeli –
al sufiqsi, xolo kompozitebSi, tan-miko-qven-j-i || tan-muko-qven-j-i,
SeiZleba gamoiyos martivi tan- `tani~ da nawarmoebi miko-qvej- || mukoqven-j-, romlebic daiSleba zemoT mocemuli fuZeebis msgavsad.
zogadi
mniSvnelobisaa,
agreTve,
qun-
Zirisagan
nawarmoebi
megr.
daqunal-i (da-qun-al-i) `dasaTbunebeli, dasaburi, dasaxuri (qveSagebi)~
(qobalia 2010). es leqsema Tbil mosacmelsac niSnavs. mocemuli erTeuli
struqturulad momavali drois mimReobaa.
samecniero
literaturis
Tanaxmad,
saanalizo
sityva
saerToqarTveluri fuZea: qarT. sarqvel-i || Zv. qarT. sarq el-i *sa-r-qvel-i || sa-r-qu-el-i `Wuris pirsafari~ SeiZleba daukavSirdes: megr. qun(qimkaqunu)
`Caacva,
daaxura~,
mikaqunal-i
||
mukoqunal-i
`tanisamosi~,
7
ginoqvenj-i `wamosasxami~ : Wan. qun- (qodoloqunu) `Caacva~, doloqunu
`tanisamosi~ : svan. q - ( Tq em) `Cacma~, le-req
`tanisamosi~ (Ciqobava 1938,
177, 341-342; rogava 1962, 93-94; JRenti 1956, 103; Tofuria 1979, 269).
megr. omorsal-i || omosal-i || gamorsal-i (o-mors-al-i || o-mosa-l-i || gamors-al-i)
`samoseli,
Sesamoseli~
(es
forma
gamocemul
megrul
wyaroebSi ver davadastureT), romelic nawarmoebia `Cacmis, Semosvis~
aRmniSvneli mors- || mos- Zirisagan (amis Sesaxeb ix. megr. mors- || mosZirTan, gv. 113).
megr. talavar-i `tansacmeli (zogadad)~. (gamocemul wyaroebSi ver
davadastureT). gadataniT niSnavs `Zvirfass~: koCi vari talavari rdua
(Cveni masala) `Zvirfasi adamiani iyo~. qarTulSic dasturdeba talavar-i
Zv. `tanisamosi, tansacmeli~ (qegli VI, 1961), gvxvdeba dialeqtebSic. Sdr.
TuS. talavar
`tansacmeli, morTuloba~ (cocaniZe 2012), xevs. talavar-i
`tanisamosi~,
talavar-n-i
`micvalebulis
sikvdilis
Semdeg
mis
tansacmels Caawyoben loginSi. zogjer am tanisamoss gamoitanen gareT
da dastirian. amas ewodeba talavarni~ (WinWarauli 2005).
megr. tan(i) do kuCx-i 1) `tani da fexi~ || 2) gadat. `tansacmeli da
fexsacmeli~. dida gag moC tani do kuCxiSa (xubua 1937, 82) `deda gayida
Casacmelze (tansa da fexze)~. sainteresoa TuSuri monacemi, sadac tan
`daCiTuli naqsovis fons~ aRniSnavs (cocaniZe 2012).
megr. tanisamos-i `tansacmeli~ (Waraia 1997). Sdr. javax. taisamos-i
`tanisamosi~ (beriZe 1981). mocemul formaSi fuZiseuli n dakargulia.
vfiqrobT, es fuZe megrulSi qarTulis meSveobiT aris damkvidrebuli.
lazuri
laz. doloqunu
(dolo-qun-u) `tansacmeli~ (zogadad) (ix. Cacmis
mniSvnelobiTac) || doloqunale (dolo-qun-al-e) `Casacmeli~ || doloquni
(dolo-qun-i) `tansacmeli~ (Tandilava 2013). dolo-qun-u da dolo-qun-i
warmoqmnili sityvebia, qun- `Cacma~ Ziridan nawarmoebi, dolo- rTuli
zmniswinia qarTuli `Ca~-s mniSvnelobiT. –e da –i saxelobiTi brunvis
niSnebi, dolo-qun-al-e
momavali drois vnebiTi gvaris mimReobaa. dolo8
qun-u
nazmnari
aRvniSneT,
saxelia,
is
-u
sawyisis
mawarmoebelia.
saerToqarTveluri
fuZea
(mis
rogorc
zemoT
warmomavlobasTan
dakavSirebiT ix. megr. mikaqvenj-i). Sdr. kaTandReri doloquna (furt.)
`yoveldRiuri samosi~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
zogadi mniSvnelobiT lazurSi dasturdeba qun- Ziridan nawarmoebi
dolo-qun-u-Si
(dolo-qunu-Si)
`(saxeldaxelod)
Casacmeli~,
zedmiw.
`Casacmlisa~ (Cveni masala). igi warmoSobiT aris nanaTesaobiTari saxeli,
-Si – naTesaobiTi brunvis mawarmoebeli.
laz. uruba `tansacmeli~ (arab.-Turq. uruba) (Tandilava 2013).
$ 2. tanisamosis saxeobebi
tanisamosis
saxeobebze
saubrisas
mniSvnelovania
samegrelosa
da
lazeTSi mogzaurTa Tu mkvlevarTa cnobebi iqaur mkvidrTa Cacmulobis
Sesaxeb,
ris
mixedviTac
maTTvis
damaxasiaTebel
samoselsa
da
Cacmulobas vecnobiT. sayuradReboa osman beis mier lazebis Cacmulobis
aRwera.
misi
gansxvavdeba
aqvs
SexedulebiT,
`lazebis
aWarul-gurulisagan.
mxedruli
xasiaTi:
tanTCacmuloba
lazur
fexebze
Cacmulobas
mWidrod
TiTqmis
ar
SenarCunebuli
gawyobili
muqi
feris
Salisagan Sekerili Sarvali, mokle da viwro zedatani imave qsovilisa.
zedatans
wina
mxareze
aqvs
ori
saqile
(vaznebisaTvis),
welze
Semoxveuli aqvs abreSumis sartyeli, xolo Tavze ―yabalaxi. mxarze
atareben grZel Tofs, romlis kondaxi Semkulia mosevadebuli vercxliT
xanjali Cerqezulis magvari hkidiaT~ (osman-bei 1874, 364).
lazebis
Cacmulobis
gasacnobad
mniSvnelovania
giorgi
yazbegis
Canawerebi. is ase axasiaTebs xofel lazebs: `maTi tansacmeli gurulsa
da
aWaruls
ulamazesi
emsgavseba
kuTxea.
...
xofas,
aqauri
gansakuTrebiT
mosaxleobac
orTa-xofas
silamaziTa
da
midamo,
koxta
tansacmliT gamoirCeva~ (yazbegi 1878, 133). `Cven gvxvdebodnen bazarSi
mimavali
qalebi,
Wreli
sadResaswaulo
tansacmliT
gamowyobilni,
qalebs tvirTi kalTebiT mihqondaT. Txel pirbadeSi (Cadri) gamokrToda
aqauri qalebis cnobismoyvare Tvalebi~ (yazbegi, 1878, 107).
9
tanisamosis
saxeobebSi
ganvixilavT
samoslis
gaudiferencirebel
saxeebs, romlebic ar aris gansazRvruli adgilmdebareobis mixedviT (am
SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba SigniTa, qveda Tu zeda samosi).
megr. birdu-bardu `Zveli, ugvani, Seuferebeli
tansacmeli~. birdu-
bardu àbdaubda~ (qobalia 2010). is agebulebiT kompozitia.
megr.
gadidul-i
`xamis
erTmaneTTan
SeerTebuli~
warmoqmnili
sityvaa.
(Txeli
xamis)
(Wanturias
SeiZleba
kaba,
arqivi,
daiyos
zeda
#
amgvarad:
da
434).
qveda
weli
vfiqrobT,
*ga-did-ul-i
e.
is
i.
*`gadidebuli~. Cans, nawarmoebia did- `didi~ Zirisagan da aris warsuli
drois, vnebiTi gvaris mimReoba, sadac SeiZleba gamoiyos ga- zmniswini
da –ul mawarmoebeli.
megr.
elamosa
àbreSumis
kaba~
(daraiasi,
iisferi).
SeiZleba
is
warmoqmnili sityvaa, sadac ela zmniswini unda iyos (Wanturias arqivi, #
434).
megr. kaba `kaba; axaluxi~ (Coxis qveS Casacmeli). Sdr. kabam-i `kabiani,
axaluxiani~ (qajaia II, 2002).
samecniero
literaturaSi
kabis
warmomavlobis
Sesaxeb
aseTi
Sexeduleba arsebobs:
megr. kabas p. Waraia sparsulad miiCnevs (Waraia 1997). kaba svanurSic
dasturdeba kab formiT, romelic v. Tofurias SexedulebiT, qarTulidan
aris Sesuli (Tofuria 2002, 14).
g. wereTlis azriT, qarT. kaba ← arab. qabā `kaba (mamakacis xalaTi)
`xalaTi~, sadac is Sesulia ← spars. qabāh (wereTeli 1951; wereTeli 1992,
91).
m.
andronikaSvilis
Semosuli
qarTulSi
azriT,
da
kaba
aqedan
uSualod
aris
sparsulidan
damkvidrebuli
aris
megrulSi
(andronikaSvili 1966, 207). maSasadame, qarT. kaba ← spars. kabā → zan.
(megr.) kaba `qalis an kacis zeda samosi.
sityvis istoriisaTvis mniSvnelovania v. abaevis Sexeduleba.
dasturdeba
osurSi
aba `qalis kaba~, romelic mkvlevars qarTulidan Sesulad
miaCnia, xolo qarTuli kaba arabul-sparsul
ab -dan, rac niSnavs: `zeda
samosi, mosasxami (kaba, Coxa, mantia)~ (abaevi 1958, 615 ).
10
b - dan
i. yifSiZe iziarebs, rom qarT. kaba momdinareobs spars.
(yifSiZe 1994, 453).
sayuradReboa
iv.
javaxiSvilis
msjeloba
mocemul
sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT. misi azriT, qarT. kaba `zeviTi tanisamosi~ ← ax. spars.
kaba-dan `zeiTi tanisamosi bewviani~, Sdr. Zv. berZn. kabadio àRmosavluri
tansacmeli~,
berZn.
kabbadion `zeviTi
tansacmeli
sparsuli
yaidisa~
(masalebi 1962, 30, 60, 79).
i. ciciSvilic msjelobs am sityvasTan dakavSirebiT da aRniSnavs, rom
`kaba
orive
sqesis
zeda
samosis
saxelwodebaa,
is
gvxvdeba
XII-XIII
saukuneebis ZeglebSi: `vefxistyaosanSi~, àmiran-darejanianSi~ da `visramianSi~. mkvlevari miuTiTebs, rom qalis zeda samoselsac kaba ewodeba.
amas
Cvenamde
moRweuli
XVII-XVIII
saukuneebis
`mziTvis
wignebic~
amowmeben da eTnografiuli monacemebic; is miuTiTebs, rom kaba arab.
warmoSobisaa, gamoiTqmis samgvarad: yaba/aba/kaba qarTulSi samive forma
daculia (ciciSvili 1954, 52, 55-57).
kaba Sesulia
mkvlevarTa Sexedulebebidan gamomdinare, megrulSi
qarTulidan, qarTulSi ki, zogis varaudiT, uSualod sparsulidan aris
Sesuli, zogis azriT, ki – sparsulis gziT aris gasuli arabulSi da
misi meSveobiT qarTulSi, aqedan ki – osurSi.
megrulSi
dasturdeba
kapot-i
`kaba~
(qobalia
2010).
zogierTi
mTqmelis azriT, es aris `mTliani kaba~, zogierTma ki ase ganmarta:
kapoti re kaba do eSeiani || (rubaSka) `kapoti aris kaba (qvedabolo) da
zeda (tanzemoT Casacmeli || perangi~. a. qobalia `megrul leqsikonSi~
aRniSnavs, rom mocemuli sityva
rusul koftidan momdinareobs. Cven ki
gamovTqvamT varauds, rom saanalizo
fuZeSi SeiZleba
sufiqsi, romelic safiqrebelia, iyos qarT. -ot sufiqsis
gamoiyos
-ot
daniSnulebiT,
romlis Sesaxebac samecniero literaturidan cnobilia: `-ot sufiqsi
awarmoebs
saxelis
kninobiT
formas.
mag.,
kinW-ot-i
`Tonidan
puris
amosaRebi kaviani Samfuri (rkinisa)~ (jorbenaZe, kobaiZe, beriZe 1988, 354).
SesaZloa, fuZeze -ot sufiqsis darTvam gamoiwvia fuZiseuli a-s dakargva
da sufiqsiseulma mkveTrma t-m
gaamkveTra b da, Sesabamisad, *kap-ot- ←
kab-ot- ←kaba-ot-). es sityva gvxvdeba lazurSic.
11
megrulSi dasturdeba no- winaviTarebis prefiqsiT (romelic fardia
qarT.
na-
prefiqsisa)
da
-ia
kninobiTobis,
Tvisebis
an
msgavsebis
mawarmoebeli sufiqsiT nawarmoebi no-kab-ia èrTi Zveli, gasacodavebuli
kaba~ (qobalia 2010).
kaba SeiZleba iyos sxvadasxva saxisa. am mxriv megruli masala sakmaod
mdidaria. akaki Wanturia
`moxatuli
gamoyofs kabis
Ji
qsovilis~,
do
Tudoiani
saxeebs: movis, salamarjis
`qvedabolo
da
zedatani~,
kudelami `kudiani, boloiani~, xabardam-i `mavTulebiani, Sesakravebiani~,
Ji do Tudo arTo taniSa mo unafili frialefiT `tanzegamoyvanili,
morTuli kaba~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. koroxiS-i kaba `Zvirfasi abreSumis kaba~ (Wanturias arqivi, #
434).
megr. laguj-i (xarTa) `cxvrisa da Txis tyavisagan gakeTebuli xalTa,
tyapuWi~.
oqro-varCxiliT
efSa
Tqvan(i)
laguji
do
xarTa
òqro-
vercxliT savse Tqveni guda da xalTa~ (qajaia II, 2002); àmgvarive
tyavisagan
gakeTebuli
literaturaSi arsebobs
tansacmeli~
(Waraia
1997).
mosazreba, rom zan. (megr.)
samecniero
{guj-}, laguj-i
`sazurge tomara, daumuSavebeli cxvris an Txis tyavisagan~ momdinareobs
goj-i fuZidan (Cuxua 2002-2003, 77).
megr.
lobidani
`kaba
zolebiani,
Cinuri
xelovnebis,
Zvirfasi,
foTlebiani~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. palto, qarT. palto [fran. ppaletot] zevidan Casacmeli grZeli,
saxeloebiani samoseli. zamTris palto. _ sazafxulo palto. _ darbazSi
aiSalnen, ... yvela gaCqarebiT icvamda paltosa (s. mgalob.). qalma ...
gaixada palto, dakida (a. bel.) (qegli VI, 1960).
megr.
plaS-i
(Cveni
masala).
Sdr.
qarT.
plaSC-i
(rus.
плащ)
1)
usaxeloebo ganieri zeda tansacmeli (wamosasxami); 2) `sawvimari palto~
(qegli VI, 1960).
megr. Jaket-i, qarT. Jaket-i (frang. jaquette rus. enis meSveobiT) `qalis
mokle zeda tansacmeli (wamosasxami)~; 2) `sawvimari palto~ (qegli VI,
1960).
12
megr.
sak d ro
sakidiro
||
`samkerde,
Casacmlis
saxeoba~.
Tina
ila afuduni, muSi oqroSi sak d roT ìs rom TamaSobda Tavisi oqros
samkerduliT!~ (qajaia II, 2002). sak d ro lentiviT iyo farTo (masalebi
1983,
246).
warmoqmnili
nawarmoebia
k d r-
sityvaa
kidir-
||
(sa-k d r-o
fuZeze
||
sa-kidir-o).
qarTulidan
vfiqrobT,
SeTvisebuli
sa-o
daniSnulebis prefiqs-sufiqsis darTviT.
megr. fafanak-i `fafanagi, - tanisamosi~ (qajaia III, 2002).
megr. qulaja `qurqisnairi tansacmeli qalisa, abreSumisgan keravdnen,
welze naoWebiani iyo, Zirs kurdRlis Tavs Semoayolebdnen~ (masalebi
1983, 242). Sdr. qarT. qulaja (qulajisa) [Turq. kulac `bewvi~] (qegli VII,
1962).
rogorc
Cans,
sityva
ucxo
warmomavlobisaa,
dasturdeba
saliteraturo qarTulSi da megrulSi, albaT, qarTulis gziT aris
damkvidrebuli.
megr. qurq-i `qurqi~ (masalebi 1983, 246). qarT. qurq-i (qurqisa) [Turq.
kurk] 1. adamianis zeda saTbilobeli samoseli bewveulisa; 2. bewviani
tyavi cxovelTa (qegli VII, 1962). is SesaZloa megrulSi qarTulis
meSveobiT aris damkvidrebuli (ix. laz. qurqi).
megr. RarT-i `Coxa~, `sawvimari nabadi~. mekvojini qemeurs,... RarTis
qemeuSxvarTuans `rom gavxede, midis,... Coxas miaqanavebs (miaSxvarTalebs)~
(yifSiZe 1994, 114). RarTs ukan yurebi hqonda da win gulze saqileebi
ekera. RarTs matylisgan qsovdnen, mamakacs RarTi ecva, perangic misi
hqonda (mamakacebs perangze kaba ecvaT da kabaze RarTi (Coxa). `RarTi
sayeloiani iyo. zogi RarTis gulispirs qargavda mwvane da wiTeli
ZafiT~ (masalebi 1983, 241). gvxvdeba rTuli sityvis Semadgenel nawilad:
uCaRarTam-i
`gveli
(uxseneblis
tabuirebuli
saxeli)~
(sityasityviT
`SavCoxiani~) (qobalia 2010). gvaqvs nawamoebi sityva RarT-am-i, rac niSnavs
`Coxosani~ da, agreTve, tabuirebuli saxelia uxseneblisa (qobalia 2010).
o.
qajaia
RarT-s
ganmartavs
rogorc
`kacis
zeda
tansacmeli
maudisagan Sekerili~ (qajaia III, 2002). || RarTa. RarTa-RarTa ùxarisxo
tansacmeli (farTxalia)~ (ix. igive fuZe qsovilTan).
13
RarTi gvxvdeba SesityvebaSi: quni do RarTi `Coxa-nabadi~. RarTi do
kaba `Coxa-axaluxi~; RarTi do nabadi `Coxa-nabadi~; RarTi do Ziqva
`Coxa-Sarvali~; RarTiS kare `nabdis qoxi~ (qobalia 2010).
RarT-i dasturdeba sabasTan `sawvimari nabadi~ (orbeliani II, 1993).
axal qarTulSi `RarTi aris wamosasxami nabadi mwyemsisaTvis, gurul
dialeqtSi ki – `Sin moqsovili saCoxe~ (qegli VII, 1962).
saerTod, nabadi mosasxamebSi gavitaneT, magram radganac misi erT-erTi
mniSvneloba aris `kaba~, amitom aq ganvixileT.
megr. Sinel-i samoslis erT-erTi saxea. es sityva gamocemul teqstebSi
ver davadastureT. erT-erTma mTqmelma ganmarta, rogorc `nabadiviT
Tbili mosasxamiani palto~. qarTulSic gvxvdeba Sinel-i fuZe, romelic
rusulidan aris Semosuli. Sdr. rus.
2.
Zv.
`zed
wamosasxmeli~
(saba).
шинелъ 1. samxedro formis palto;
(qegli
V,
1958).
albaT,
aRniSnuli
erTeuli megrulSi qarTulis gziT aris SeTvisebuli rusulidan.
megr. Coxa `Coxa, Sali~ (Waraia 1997). CoxaSi Ziqva maaZudu `Salis
Sarvali
ecva~
(qajaia
III,
2002).
CoxaSi
`Razlisa,
naqsovi,
qsovili
(sazog.)~ (qobalia 2010). sabas ganmartebiT, Coxa || CoÃa `matylis samoseli
(sqeli)~ (orbeliani II, 1993).
sainteresoa Coxis aRweriloba, romelsac gvaZlevs iv. javaxiSvili. is
wers:
`Coxa
Sedgeboda
ramdenime
nawilisagan:
ukana
bedani
(zurgi),
romelic welze SeiWreboda, wina ori bedani da kalTebi~. kalTebi
Sedgeboda oTxi an eqvsi naWrisagan. `Zvelad mamakacs ecva Coxa da
forCis
perangi~.
saCoxes
qalebi
qsovdnen,
Coxa
mokle
icodnen,
muxlamdis, ukan naoWiani, saxeloebi ganieri hqonda, ikvreboda dugmebiT
(masalebi 1983, 242, 246). rogorc Cans, is samoselic aris da masalac.
Coxis istoriisaTvis mniSvnelovania i. ciciSvilis msjeloba, romelic
aRniSnavs: `Coxa XIX saukuneSi mamakacis zeda samoss ewodeboda. igi
zogjer Cerqezulis saxeliTac aRiniSneboda. Zvelad qarTulSi sityva
`Coxa~ orive sqesis ber-monazonTa samosels aRniSnavda. XIII, XVII, XVIII
saukuneebis cnobebis mixedviT, Coxa ewodeboda monazvnis zeda samoss,
kacisas
Tu
qalisas.
Coxa
qsovilis
erT-erT
saxeobadac
miiCneoda~
(ciciSvili 1954, 58). mkvlevari dasZens: `Coxa~ sami gagebiT iyo naxmari: 1)
14
rogorc xalxuri zeda samosis erT-erTi saxe; 2) rogorc monazonTa
Sesamoseli da 3) rogorc qsovilis saxesxvaoba~ (ciciSvili 1954, 59).
d.
CubinaSvili
matylisagan
Coxa-s
nakeTebi,
ase
xolo,
ganmartavs:
meore
maudi
mxriv,
an
drapi
rogorc
aqlemis
zeda
samosi
samecniero literaturaSi qarT. Coxa, Sedarebulia osur. cu
a || co a
(CubinaSvili 1961, 85).
`Coxa~, spars. čuxā
čux `Salis zeda Casacmeli~, Turq. čuxa,
čux ču a, čoxa `maudi,
maudis tansacmeli~ fuZeebTan (abaevi 1958, 316).
megr. xalaT-i `xalaTi.~ musu loginc qiglujiru daraiaSi xalaTiT
`TviTon loginze wamowolila daraias xalaTiT~ (qajaia III, 2002). Sdr.
xalaT-i,
qarT.
romelsac
udasturdeba
ramdenime
mniSvneloba:
1.
aRmosavluri grZeli da farTo zeda Casacmeli; 2. grZeli xalvaTi
saSinao Casacmeli; 3. tansacmels zemodan Casacmeli samosi (sisufTavis
dasacavad); 4. mamakacis zeda tansacmeli, romelzedac qamars irtyamen, _
bluzi; 5. rTuli fuZis meore Semadgeneli nawili. specxalaTi. SarvalxalaTi (qegli VIII, 1964).
iv.
javaxiSvili
aRniSnavs,
rom
qarT.
xalaT-i
momdinareobs
sparsulidan. Sdr. spars. chal’at. misi azriT, es sityva Semodis jer
rogorc
tanisamosis,
Semdeg
ki
sparsi
da
osmali
mebatoneebisgan
saCuqris anu wyalobis mniSvnelobiT (masalebi 1962, 115).
sparsuli warmomavlobis xalaT-i sityva SeiZleba megrulSi qarTulis
gziT aris damkvidrebuli.
megr. jigania `tyav-kaba; amtani~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr. igive gvarsaxeli
samurzayanul megrulSi.
tanisamosis saxeobebTan SeiZleba ganvixiloT xelTaTmani.
megr. xeSi
TaTman-i (qobalia 2010) || xeS TaTman-i `xelTaTmani~. igi SeiZleba iyos:
kiTam-i `TiTiani~ (kiT-i `TiTi~ + -am qonebis mawarmoebeli sufiqsi). Sdr.
TuS. TaTman ùTiTo xelTaTmani~ (cocaniZe 2002).
xelTaTmanis
mniSvnelobiT
m.
Cuxuas
gamovlenili
aqvs
saerToqarTveluri fuZe: zan. {quj-i}`xelTaTmani~, romelic Seesatyviseba
:
qarT.
(TuS.)
qur-o
`xelTaTmani~
(qur-o
àris
orTave
ÃelTa
15
Sesayofeli farTo bewviani siTbosaTvis~ (saba) : svan. q j (zs), q aj
(lSx.) `saxeluri (kota, maWo)~ (Cuxua 2000-2003, 258).
lazuri
laz. atket-i (aTin.), aklet-i (furt.), akleT-i (viw.), `perangi~ (Turq. atlet)
(uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
elbise
laz.
`kaba,
tanisamosi,
Casacmeli~
(Tandilava
2013).
elbisefemuSi donaxu `misi tansacmlebi garecxa~ (Ciqobava 1936, 97). es
sityva
TurqulSic
dasturdeba,
Sdr.
Turq.
SeiZleba
elbise.
is
Turqulidan aris Sesuli lazurSi.
laz. zupina 1. `kacis perangi~. 2. (art.) `viwro kaba; viwro da mokle
kaba~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. kapot-i 1. `faraja~. 2. `zogadad ruxi feris moklemklaviani
lazuri Jaketi~. 3. (furt. viw.) `sqeli da magari qsovili~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007); `ganieri Casacmeli, icvamen jariskacebi,
lazuri viwro kurtka~ (Tandilava 2013). ix. megr. kapot-i.
laz. kikili1 (viw.) `Sesakravi palto~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. labada `zeda Tbili Casacmeli labada~ (Tandilava 2013). Sdr.
gur. labada `dedaTa welqveda samosi, dabambuli (SaraSiZe 1938). labada
dasturdeba qarTulSic, romelic Sedarebulia spars. l b d
`mokle,
welSi gamoyvanili, axaluxis msgavsi samoseli qalisa~ (kax., qiziy.,
ingil.);
2)
`qalis
dabambuli
welqveda
samoseli~,
3)
`wvimis
dros
wamosasxami, ― sawvimari~ (qegli IV, 1955). libada gvxvdeba aWarulSic
àxaluxis msgavsi qalis samosi~, ikereboda xaverdisgan (koberiZe 2011,
91).
lazurSi
gamovlenilia
libadi
fuZec
`zed
Casacmeli
bambis~
(Tandilava 2013).
saanalizo fuZis istoriisaTvis mniSvnelovania m. Cuxuas Tvalsazrisi.
mkvlevari zan. (Wan.) li-bad-i, romelsac aqvs mniSvneloba –
`palto,
mosasxami~, akavSirebs qarT. bad-, na-bad-i fuZesTan, aRadgens s.qarTv. *nibad-
`nabadi~
formas,
romlisganac
miRebulia
qarT.
na-bad-i,
romlisTvisac amosavali aris *ni-bad-i. mkvlevars zan. li-bad-isTvis
amosavlad miaCnia *ni-bod-i (Cuxua 2000-2003, 56, 229), Tumca samecniero
16
literaturaSi, qarT. nabad-i ucxo enis monacemebTan aris Sedarebuli
(ix. megr, nabad-i).
laz. manTo `qalis Casacmeli Txeli palto~.
orkaS gale manTo
doloqunaptes `kabis gareT `manTos~ Caacmevdnen~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. moqunu `Jaketi, palto~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva
2007).
laz. piJama `piJamo~ (Tandilava 2013) (warmomavlobisTvis ix. megr.
piJamo).
laz. falTo || falto || palto (Tandilava @2013) || falTu `palto~
(uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007). didi falTo qodiliqunu
`didi palto ecva~ (Ciqobava 1929, 7). Sdr. qarT. palto (fran. ppaletot)
`zevidan Casacmeli grZeli, saxeloebiani samoseli~ (qegli VI, 1960). e. i.
sityva franguli warmomavlobisaa, Tumca igi palto formiT gvxvdeba
TurqulSic
da,
SesaZloa,
lazurSi
swored
Turqulidan
iyos
SeTvisebuli.
laz. forka ix.
||
orka `kaba~ (Tandilava 2013) ||
oka `kaba~ (Cveni masala)
oga 1. `kaba, samoseli~. 2. `qalis samosi~. Sdr.
(uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007). emus
ogina `patara kaba~
orkaSi uji qanuWkiu
ìmas kabis wveri mouWra~ (Ciqobava 1929, 127).
aWarulSic
qvxvdeba
forka
`mTliani
kaba~,
romelic,
albaT,
lazuridan aris aWarulSi Sesuli.
laz. forCa `kaba~ (zogadad), `kacis zeda Casacmelia (yvelanairi),
`perangi~ (Tandilava 2013). sari forCas kai megomsqu qemeri `yviTel
kabaze Zalian gSvenis qamari~ (Ciqobava 1936, 85). `Sdr. megr. forCa,
romelic
laz.
erTgvari samoselic aris da qsovilic.
rak-i (Turq. frak) (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007)
`fraki~. franguli warmoSobis sityvaa, romelic lazurSi Turqulis
gziT unda damkvidrebuliyo. Sdr. qarT. frak-i (frang. frac) `mamakacis
sazeimo tansacmeli, - erTgvari serTuki, win amoWrili da ukan grZeli,
viwro kalTebiani~ (qegli VII, 1962).
17
laz. qurq-i || qÁurq-i `qurqi~. Sdr. Turq. k rk. Cans, sityva Turqulidan
aris Semosuli (Tandilava 2013). qurqi diWu do qeSaxTu `qurqi Seikera
da amovida~ (Ciqobava 1936, 60). ix. megr. qurq-i.
laz.
Skawale
`kaba;
wels
qvemoT
samosi~.
saintereso
leqsemaa.
kompoziti Cans, romelic miRebuli unda iyos laz. Ska `weli~ da wale
`qvemoT~ fuZeebis SeerTebiT (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. Carket-i `Jaketi~ (lazuris fondi). Sdr. amave mniSvnelobiT Turq.
Ǐeket.
Ǐeket
J.
diumezili
aRniSnavs,
rom
tansacmels, romelsac lazurad
(lazuris
fondi).
lazurSi
monadireebi
icvamen
specialur
avji CeqeTi hqvia. (Sdr. Turq. avǏek
Ǐek-Ǐeket
Ǐek Ǐeket)
Ǐeket
aseve
dasturdeba
am
fuZis
Semcveli
fonetikuri variantebi: CarkeCi || CeqeTi `pijaki~ (Tandilava 2013) || jeqeT-i
(viw.) (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007) (istoriisTvis ix. megr.
Jaketi).
laz. Coxa `Coxa-axaluxi~ || mCoxa (Tandilava 2013). Coxa va eWofaSa xai
mo izumom `sanam Coxas ar iyidi, lajs rad izomav?~ (kartozia 1972, 227).
(erT-erTi mTqmelisagan saintereso gadmocema CaviwereT Coxis formisa
da gamoyenebis Sesaxeb: `Coxa JuroneCdoviTi wanaSi woxle rtu. emuTe
xoronaptes.
Coxas
Skas
qemeri
uRutes.
Coxa
koWiSa
rtu
`Coxa
ormocdaaTi wlis win iyo. amiT cekvavdnen. Coxaze, welze qamari hqondaT.
Coxa koWebamde iyo (Cveni masala) (Coxis vrceli istoriis Sesaxeb ix.
megr. Coxa).
lazurSi Coxa aris rTuli sityvis Semadgeneli nawili: Coxa-Ziqva `Coxa-axaluxi~.
formis mixedviT Coxa SeiZleba iyos:
toti mkule `moklemklaviani~
(vaniliSi, Tandilava, 1984, 156, 37-38). Sdr. gur. Coxa kverto – mokle Coxa
skalatisa, Savi (zogjer wiTeli), sirmiT gawyobili (SaraSiZe 1938).
laz. xalaTi (qarT.) `xalaTi~ (Tandilava @2013).
laz. xerTeSi `palto~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007);
ùxeSad nakeri qurTuki~ (Tandilava @2013).
laz.
xika
||
xirka
`dabambuli
zeze
Casacmeli
paltos
magieri~
(Tandilava @2013). xika goqTei moT dologoquns `xika ukuRma ratom
gacvia?~ (kartozia 1972, 54).
18
samoslis
saxeobebSi
SeiZleba
ganvixiloT
laz.
seÁ
doloqunuS-i
`Ramis perangi~ (asaTiani 1974, 89) || serdoloqunuS-i || serdoloqunal-i
(Cveni masala). erT-erTma mTqmelma ganmarta, rom is dRisiTac ecvaT. amave
mniSvnelobiT
lazurSi
dasturdeba
gejenluR-i
(Cveni
masala).
Turqulidan
(Sdr.
Turq.
nawarmoebia geǏǏe- `Rame~
romelic
funqciiT
da
qarT.
gejeluR-i
aRniSnuli
geǏǏelik,
-lik
sa-
erTeuli
romelic
daniSnulebis
prefiqsis
(Tandilava
||
momdinareobs
warmoqmnili
prefiqsis
fardia).
2013)
rogorc
sityvaa,
meSveobiT,
vxedavT,
lazuris gejenluR-i formaSi n ganviTarebulia. javaxur dialeqtSi
dasturdeba paraleluri fonetikuri varianti gejaluR-i `Ramis perangi
an qudi fesa, romelsac umetesad qalebi xmarobdnen~ (beriZe 1981, 321).
samoslis saxeobebTan megrulSi ganvixileT xelTaTmani. am semantikis
sityva lazurSic dasturdeba. kerZod. TaTman-i `xelTaTmani~ || xeSi
TaTman-i || xaTaTman-i || xe-TaT-i || xeS-TaT-i `xelTaTmani~ (Tandilava 2013),
Sdr. qarT.
TaTman-i 1. uTiTo xelTaTmani, windasaviT naqsovi (saba). ||
igivea, rac xelTaTmani; 2. bawrisagan moqsovili Ziris gamosadgmeli
gacveTil windaze («dial.») (qegli IV, 1955). megrulSi es formac gvaqvs
da sxva erTeulic dasturdeba (ix. meg. xeSi TaTmani).
samoslis saxeobebSi SeiZleba ganvixiloT laz. xCeon-i (amse, Tain
2004) da misi paraleluri variantebi: qCeon-i (Cveni masala), || qCon-i (mari
1910,
uzunhasanoRlu,
bujakliSi,
aleqsiva 2007) || Con-i (mari
1910)
`TeTrtanisamosiani~, `TeTriani~. marTan agreTve gvxvdeba qCe-forCon-i
`TeTrsamosiani~.
saanalizo erTeulebi nawarmoebi sityvebia: *xCe-on-i || *qCe-on-i || *qC-oni || *C-on-i, sadac *xCe- || *qCe- || *qC- || *C- `TeTris~ aRmniSvnelia, xolo *-on
―
mawarmoebeli
sufiqsi,
romelic
arsebiT
saxelisagan
awarmoebs
zedsarTav saxels, aRniSnavs risame qonebas an siWarbes (mari 1910, 73). –
on sufiqsi funqciurad qarTuli –ian, -ovan, -osan, -ier afiqsebis fardia
(Ciqobava 2008, 548; SaniZe 1980, 122-126).
saanalizo leqsikuri erTeulebi, miTiTebuli literaturis mixedviT,
aRniSnavs:
`TeTrtanisamosiani~;
`TeTriani~.
semantikuri
kvlevis
TvalsazrisiT, mniSvnelovania, rom Cven mier mopovebul masalebSi xCeon19
i
||
qCeon-i
formebs
udasturdebaT
sxva
mniSvnelobac:
`TeTrTmiani,
WaRarosani~ – xCeoni guitu `TeTrTmiani, WaRara dadioda~ (Cveni masala).
vfiqrobT, mocemuli sityvebis amosavali semantika swored es unda iyos.
Sdr. TixCe `TavTeTra~.
saanalizo
erTeulebi,
rogorc
Cans,
fonetikuri
variantebia,
amosavalia xCe-on-i fuZe (romlisganac mJReri x-s dayruebis Sedegad
miviReT qCeon-i (Sdr. qarT. xCe → qCe), romlisganac miRebulia → qCe-on-i.
xCe || qCe- Zirze –on sufiqsis darTvam gamoiwvia fuZiseuli e xmovnis
dakargva, ris Sedegadac miviReT → qC-on-i, Semdeg ki qC- kompleqsis
gamartivebiT miviReT → C-on-i (Sdr. laz. xCe- → qCe- → Ce (Ciqobava 2008,
237-238)).
migvaCnia, rom saanalizo lazuri xCe-on-i → qCe-on-i → qC-on-i → C-on-i
leqsikuri erTeulebi qarT. mxcovan- || Zv. qarT. mჴ
ჴcovanTeTri
Tmis,
wveris
matarebeli~
(qegl
V,
1958)
`WaRarosani~ -
fuZis
fonetikur-
semantikuri Sesatyvisia. qarT. mxcovan-i || Zv. qarT. mჴ
ჴcovan-i,
rogorc
samecniero literaturidan cnobilia, warmoqmnili sityvaa da amgvarad
daiSleba:
m-xc-ovan-
||
m-ჴ
ჴc-ovan-,
sadac
m-xc-
||
m-ჴ
ჴc-
Ziri
`TeTrs
aRniSnavs~, -ovan ki mawarmoebeli sufiqsia. qarT. m-xc-e Zv. qarT. m-ჴ
ჴc-e`WaRara~: megr. rCe || Ce `TeTri~: Wan. xCe || qCe || Ce `moxuci~, `TeTri~: svan.
meC-i `moxuci~ fuZeTa kanonzomieri Sesatyvisoba dadgenilia (Tofuria
1979, 17, 266; JRenti 1953, 75, 79, 135, 185; Ciqobava 2008, 237; klimovi 1964, 144,
267;
fenrixi,
sarjvelaZe
2000
501-502),
saerToqarTvelur
sufiqsad
aRdgeba *-an, (-ov-an, -os-an, -i-an), romelmac lazurSi mogvca -on.
amdenad, laz. xCe-on-i → qCe-on-i → qC-on-i → C-on-i: qarT. mxc-ov-an-i ||
Zv. qarT. m-ჴ
ჴc-ov-an-i.
saerToqarTvelur
fuZed
aRdgeba
*ჴ
ჴc-,
xolo
sufiqsad
–an.
Sdr.
saerToqarTveluri -Ãc-, Ãc-an-. qarT. –an (-ov-an, -os-an, -i-an) Sesatyvisia
laz. –on-isa.
20
$ 3. SigniTa samosi
am paragrafSi SeiZleba gamoiyos
aRmniSvneli
zogadi
saxelebi
da
ori qvejgufi: 1) SigniTa samoslis
2)
kerZo
anu
am
jgufSi
Semaval
elementTa konkretuli saxelwodebani.
1) zogadi saxelwodebani
megruli
megr. milaqunal-i (mila-qun-al-i) || dinaxle milaqunal-i (mila-qun-al-i)
`SigniT
Casacmeli~
tansacmeli~
samoslis
||
qveS
dinaxlen-i
||
(Tudon-i)
aTaqunal-i
Casacmeli~ ||
dinoxlen-i
||
(aTa-qun-al-i)
barg-i
`SigniTa
`nebismieri
mila unafal-i (mila- un-af-al-i)
saxis
`SigniT
Casacmeli kabis, pijakis, perangis, an nebismieri gareTa Casacmlis qveS
Casacmeli~ || aTa unafal-i (aTa- un-af-al-i) `kabis qveS, wels qvemoT
Casacmeli~ (Cveni masala). mocemuli sityvebi ZiriTadad daniSnulebas
gamoxataven. isini warmoqmnili saxelebia da nawarmoebia: qun- `Cacma~ da
un- `gayola, Tanxleba~ zmnuri Zirebisagan.
lazuri
laz. meSaqunu (meSa-qun-u) `SigniT Casacmeli~ meSaqunuSi || doloxe
dolo-qun-u-Si (meSa-qunu-Si || doloxe dolo-qun-u-Si (doloxe `SigniT~ ||
doloxeni `SigniTa~) (Tandilava 2013). || milaxiSe `SigniTa Casacmeli~
(Cveni masala). meSa-/mila- Se-/ga- zmniswinebis fardia (Tandilava 2013).
lazurSic, megrulis msgavsad, mocemul jgufSi warmoqmnili saxelebi
gvaqvs. amosavali aris qun- `Cacma~ Ziri.
2) kerZo anu am jgufSi Semaval elementTa konkretuli saxelwodebani
aq
gaerTianebulia
kabis
qveS
an,
saerTod,
nebismieri
gareTa
tanisamosis qveS Casacmeli da sacvlebi.
21
megruli
megr. abJo `kabis SigniT Casacmeli~ (qobalia 2010), paralelurad Cveni
masalebis mixedviT davadastureTAabJu.
bandaJ-i
megr.
(frang.
`qirurgiuli
bandage)
elastikuri
mWidro
Semosakravi~; teqn. `foladis salte orTqmavlis an vagonis Tvlisa
(borblisa)~ (qegli I, 2008). megrulSi saliteraturo enidan aris Sesuli.
megr.
belio
belio,
bilio
(rus.
gegmomTiresikoni
`TeTreuli,
белие)
`vexvewebodi,
sacvali~.
TeTreuli
voxvewudi,
(sacvali)
rom
gamoecvalaT~ (qajaia 2001). mocemuli sityva rusulidan aris Semosuli.
megr. kurTa `grZeli nifxavi~ || kurTa ofaxvalaia || kurTa kirkintami ||
kurTa kunta (mokle nifxavi) || kurTa xuWili || kurTa paWanakami do
upaWanako
(Wanturias
arqivi, #
434). kurTa
`kvarTi,
qveda
sacvali~
(qobalia 2010). daq das kurTa qaTxua do vegedoxodava `dam das nifxavi
aTxova da ar daajdeo (uTxra)~ (qajaia II, 2002).
samecniero literaturaSi arsebobs sxvadasxva Sexeduleba am sityvis
warmomavlobasTan dakavSirebiT:
v. abaevi qarT kvarT-i, kurtak-i adarebs zan (megr. kurTa `qveda
sacvali~) da os. koyr$
$t || kur$
$t `beSmeti~ (abaevi 1958, 609).
m.
andronikaSvili
adarebs
am
fuZis
Semcvel
sxvadasxva
enobriv
monacems, kerZod: Wan. kurTa, megr. kurTa, qarT. kuarT-i `perangi, qveda
sacvali~, qarT. kurtak-i, soRduri kwrd’k || qwrty `perangi~, iran. kurt ||
kurta
`Salis
samoslis
`daliandagebuli
xalaTi~,
saxe~,
os.
lezgiuri
koyræt
`beSmeti~,
kurt `mokle
Turq.
qurqi~.
körtö
örtö
mkvlevars
aRniSnuli fuZe iranulidan momdinared miaCnia (andronikaSvili 1966,
223).
k.
danelia
Zv.
qarT.
kuarT-s
`zeda
tansacmeli~,
qarT.
kuarT-
(gankuarTva) `kvarTis gaxda, kvarTis kalTebis akecva~ ukavSirebs kolx.
kurTa `qveda sacvali~ (danelia 1991, 113).
iv. javaxiSvilic qarT. kuarT-s akavSirebs megr.-Wan. kurTa-sTan `qalis
perangi~ (masalebi 1962, 85, 91, 199).
22
g. rogavac iziarebs iv. javaxiSvilisa da k. danelias Tvalsazriss da
aRadgens *kvurTa formas, romelic ← kvorTa–sgan miRebulad miaCnia
(rogava 1962, 90).
arn. Ciqobavac Zv. qarT. kuarT-s
`juba, gina perangi~ akavSirebs
zan.
kurTa-sTan `nifxavi~, Tumca amosavlad miaCnia ← *korT- ← *kvorT- v-s
dakargviT (o-s win) da Semdeg o-s daviwroebiT (Ciqobava 1938, 178).
i. yifSiZe aRniSnavs, rom megr. kurTa jer kidev mari brosem daakavSira
Zv. qarT. kuarT- fuZesTan (yifSiZe 1994, 263).
megr. leniS-i `lainisa, lurji narmisa; sacvlebi~ (qobalia 2010). sityva
struqturulad nanaTesaobiTari Cans (*leni-Si – leni `laini~, Si –
naTesaobiTi brunvis niSani).
megr. lifu || lif-i `lifi~, `qalis welzeviT tanisamosi usaxeloebo~.
igive sityva qarTulSic dasturdeba
[holan. lijf rus. enis meSv.] qalis an
bavSvis tanisamosis nawili, wels zeviT mWidrod Casacmeli, usaxeloebo
(qegli IV, 1955).
megr. maTiral-i || moTiru || oma/oTiral-i `gamosacvleli; Semcvleli~
(qobalia 2010) || omaTire `sacvali~ (Cveni masala). es sityva warmoqmnili
fuZea.
nawarmoebia
Tirua
`Secvla,
gacvla
zmnisagan,
daniSnulebas
gamoxatavs, momavali drois vnebiTi gvaris mimReobaa (ix. laz. moqTiruSi).
megr. maika `maisuri an bluzis qveS Casacmeli perangiviT~ (Cveni
masala). es leqsema Semosulia rusulidan. Sdr. rus. майка `maisuri~.
megr. osare `perangi, xalaTi (zeviTa perangi, qveda perangi); urmis
nawili;
kvarTi;
momyoli
(axalSobilisa);
Ramis
samosi
(saRamuri)~
(qobalia 2010). vouRud kos osare do kurTa àr hqonda aravis (kacs)
perangi
da
nifxavi
(xubua
1937,
40).
mniSvnelovania
perangis
iv.
javaxiSviliseuli aRweriloba: `perangs grZels keravdnen, muxlebamdis,
hqonda saxeloebi da sayelo. gverdebi garRveuli hqonda da amas Caqs
uwodeben;
is
sxvadasxva
daniSnulebisa
iyo:
saRamos,
dRis,
abanosi.
(masalebi 1962, 242).
sxvadasxva
rkinaSi
osare
avtorTa
àbjari~
naSromebSi gvxvdeba megr. osare-s saxeobebi:
(Wanturia
1996,
220).
osare,
xeforCa
do
23
o aleSiani `perangi saxeloiani, sayeloiani~; osare uo aleSe do kunta
xeforCami ùsaxelo da moklemklaviani~; osare jamfeziSi `jamfezis
perangi, wiTlad SeRebili~; osare Carqami (Calika)
`xamis perangi~
(koWebamde grZeli), koCiSi `kacisa~, osare baba iSi, varda fsuSi `perangi
baba is
an
selisa~;
osare
baiburiSi
`biabequris
perangi~;
osare
gadiduliS `gadidulis perangi~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434). megr. rSvilosare `jaWvis perangi~ (qobalia 2010); Cariqam-i osare `gverdebze Ziridan
aWrili perangi~; suS osare `selis perangi~ (kacebs ecvaT); (masalebi 1983,
245).
saanalizo sityva gvxvdeva SesityvebebSi:
megr. osare do kurTa `nifxav-perangi; sacvlebi~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. osare do muSi amxanagi igivea, rac osare do kurTa `perangi da
misi amxanagi, nifxav-perangi~ (qajaia IV, 2009).
megr.
saRamuri
osare
`saRamuri~.
am
mniSvnelobiT
sxva
sityvac
gvxvdeba: megr. saRamur-i ← qarT. saRamur-i `RamisaTvis gankuTvnili,
RamiT saxmari (Cveulebriv, tansacmeli)~ (qegli VI, 1960).
mocemuli leqsikuri erTeuli rTuli fuZis
Semadgeneli sityvacaa _
oserafalo `perangisamara~ (qobalia 2010). is SeiZleba daiSalos martiv
fuZeebad: osare `perangi~ da falo àmara, carieli~.
megr. kifiS osare `kanafis perangi (jaWvis perangis SigniT xmarobdnen,
sxeuls icavda)~ (qobalia 2010).
dasturdeba kninobiTobis –ia-Ti
nawarmoebi fuZec: osaria ùbadruki
perangi, patara perangi~ (qobalia 2010).
samecniero literaturaSi sxvadasxva Sexeduleba arsebobs am fuZis
Semcveli Ziris warmomavlobis Sesaxeb. m. Cuxua aRniSnavs, rom megr.
osare-Si adre ser-i `Rame~ fuZis Sesatyvis kanonzomier sar- fuZes
xedavdnen (gamyreliZe, maWavariani 1965, 160-170), rac ar aris marTebuli.
zanuri osare kanonzomierad asaxavs saerToqarTvelur *a-sal-a fuZes,
oRond Tanamedrove osare uZvelesi *osora-(Á) formisagan (qarT. a : zan.
o, qarT. l : zan. r) momdinareobs. Sua safexurad aRdgeba *osora-(Á),
sadac inlauturi o a-Si momdevno –a sufiqsis zegavleniT gadavida.
24
auslauturi
e
zanurSi
a-Á
Tanmimdevrobis
gviandel
realizacias
warmoadgens.
maSasadame:
qarT. asal-i `cxenis zurgze gadafarebuli qsovili~; gur.
asala `qeCa kexis qveS dasafeni~, svan.
os r (zs., lnt.),
osar (lSx.)
`Coxa~. s.qarTv. *a-sal-a `qeCa, Coxa, perangi~ → asala → || asal-i. zan.
osare ← *osara-(&&) ← osora(&&). svan.
os r ||
osar || ( )os
l (Cuxua 2000)
2003, 224).
megr. piJamo. Sdr. qarT. piJama (ing. pyjamas induridan) 1) `saSinao an
RamiT
Casacmeli
tanisamosi;
Sedgeba
Sarvlisa
da
kurtakisagan~;
2)
ìndoeTSi – Txeli qsovilis ganieri Sarvali~ (qegli VI, 1960). rogorc
vxedavT,
sityva
ucxo
warmomavlobisaa
da
megrulSi
SesaZloa
saliteraturo enis meSveobiT aris damkvidrebuli (ix. laz. piJama).
megr. reituz-i `grZeli qveda sacvali~. Sdr. qarT. reituz-i `naqsovi
grZeli qveda sacvali~. is germanuli warmomavlobis sityvaa (Sdr. germ.
reitouzen `cxenze sajdomi Sarvali~), romelic rusulis meSveobiT aris
qarTulSi damkvidrebuli (qegli VI, 1960) da aqedan Sesulia megrulSi.
megr. sagulo `TasyunTisagan Sekerili, zolebiani, sirmiT moqarguli,
qalebs ecvaT SigniT kabasaviT, mkerdi gawyobili iyo vercxliT, oqroTi
an Zvirfasi TvlebiT, saxelos bolos enasaviT Sverili faravda xelis
guls; foCebi hqonda saucxood mowyobili; sayelo ar hqonda~ (Wanturias
arqivi, # 434). sagulo nawarmoebia sa-o daniSnulebis prefiqs-sufiqsiT
gul- Zirisagan.
megr.
yanTar-i
welzeviT
naguralenq
||
kanTar-i
tanisamosi
ebyariT ,
`lifi~
usaxeloebo~
monZaluna
(yifSiZe
(Sdr.
gur.
yanTarefi
1994),
yanTar-i
yantari)
`rCeulebi
`qalis
(Waraia
1997).
(guladebi)
avmoZravdiT, gvmetoben qalebi~ (xubua 1937, 358). yanTar-i `samkerduli,
lifi, naqsovi kostumi, romelic bavSvs ecva siarulis dawyebidan 6-7
wlis asakamde, rom kargi saCoxe Tu sakabe tani hqonoda (qobalia 2010).
megr. Caraqa `Careqiani perangi, muxlebs qvemoT swvdeboda~ (Wanturias
arqivi, # 434). Caraqa, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT osare-sNnawilic aris.
misi paraleluri forma Cans megr. Careq-i `mamakacis grZeli perangis
qveda gverdgaxsnil nawils Careqs uwodeben. amitom perangsac Careqam
25
osares eZaxdnen~ (masalebi 1983, 241) || Carqam-i || Carqam osare `xamis
perangi koWebamde grZeli, xelis dazgaze selisagan moqsovili, romlis
sayelo
zonrebiT
ikvreboda~.
SeiZleba
am
fuZes
Seicavdes
gvari
CareqiSvili).
megr.
CeS-i
`kacis
perangi~.
Zvelad
kacebs
grZeli
perangi
ecvaT,
muxlebamdis, qalebs ki – koWebamdis~ (masalebi 1983, 241). vfiqrobT,
mocemuli sityva nanaTesaobiTaria (*Ce-Si – Ce `TeTri~, -Si NnaTesaobiTi
brunvis niSani. e. i. etimologiurad niSnavs *`TeTrisa~).
megr. xabarda `qalis tanisamosi mavTulebiani, kabis qveS Casacmeli~
(Waraia 1997; masalebi 1983, 244).
lazuri
laz.
doloxeni
gejeluRi
`sacvali~.
zedmiw.
`SigniTa
perangi~.
(diumezili 2009, 24). gejeluRi baxCiSi qomeCeren `Ramis perangi saCuqrad
miucia~ (Tandilava 2013). sityvis istoriisTvis ix. laz. gejeluRi.
laz. eSkaqunaSe `perangis SigniT Casacmeli sacvali~ (uzunhasanoRlu,
bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. iJdon-i (xof.) da misi fonetikuri variantebi || iSTon-i (arq.) ||
don-i `nifxavi, qveda sacvali~ (Sdr. Turq. icdon) (Tandilava 2013) || iSdoni (amse, Taini 2004).
laz. kurTa `qalis qvedasacvali koWebamde~ (Tandilava 2013). oxorjaSi
kurTa elakoreri imtu `qalis qvedascvalaxveuli gaiqca~ (Ciqobava 1936,
48). mas hqonda `Sarvlis~ mniSvnelobac: miTi na mimagatu ―`merheba,
kurTa!~
miwumertes.
`vinc
Semxvdeboda
―`gamarjoba
Sarvals!~
―
meubnebodnen~ (asaTiani 1974, 29). saintereso forma dasturdeba furtunas
xeobaSi: kurTaste (furt.) `(qalebze) nifxavisamara~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007). megr.-laz kurTas Sesaxeb ix. megr. kurTa.
laz.
meSaqunu
(viw.)
||
meSkanqunu
(aTin.)
1.
`SigniT
Casacmeli~.
2.
`perangi, faneli~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. monqTuru || oqTuru (furt.) `sufTa sacvali~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007). nawarmoebia laz. qT- `cvla~ Zirisagan.
laz.
uxelo
ÁeleR-i
Casacmels
`lifi~.
erT-erTi
ÁeleRi-s
eZaxian
mTqmelis
(Cveni
ganmartebiT,
masala).
yovelgvar
ÁeleRi,
agreTve,
ganmartebulia rogorc `Jileti~ (Tandilava 2013). miS ÁeleRis miSi kopWa
26
gioCani `vis Jiletze visi folaqi (kopWa) daabi~ (kartozia 1972, 213). Sdr.
qarT. (gur. aWar.) eleg-i 1. mamakacis welzeviTa tansacmeli, usaxeloebo,
RilebiT Sesakvreli, icvamen Coxis qveS, _ Jileti. 2. qalis welzeviTa
samosi, usaxeloebo, icvamen gul-mkerdis dasafaravad da Sesakravad, _
lifi.
Sdr.
Turq.
yelek `Jileti~. es
sityva
lazurSi,
gurulsa
da
aWarulSi Turqulidan unda iyos Semosuli.
$ 4. zeda samosi
mocemul paragrafSi
saxelebi,
romlebic
saxelwodebania da
SeiZleba gamoiyos ori qvejgufi: 1) zogadi
am
jgufSi
Semaval
elementTa
zogadi
2) kerZo saxelebi, romlebic moicavs am jgufSi
Semaval elemetTa konkretul saxeobebs.
1) zogadi saxelebi
megruli
megr. Jidoiani mikaqunal-i || Jidoian-i || Jidon-i || eSeian-i `zemodan
Casacmeli, tanzeda || zeda samosi~ (Cveni masala).
lazuri
laz.
eÁonqunaSe
||
goÁonqunaSe
1.
`zeda
Casacmeli
zogadad~.
2.
`bluza~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz.
moqunuS-i
(mo-qun-u-Si)
mTqmelis ganmartebiT,
`mosasxami~
(zedmiw.
`mosacmlisa~);
is aris garedan, zemodan mosacmeli (maT Soris,
palto da pijaki) || moJaqunuS-i || moqunuS-i (moJa-qun-u-Si || mo-qun-u-Si)
`mosacmeli~ (gaxsnili) || geJaqunuSi (geJa-qun-u-Si) `zemodan Casacmeli an
mosacmeli~ || eJaqunuS-i (eJa-qun-u-Si) `mosacmeli~ (masala) || SqaS Jin doloqunu (dolo-qun-u) `zeda Casacmeli~ (Ciqobava 1929, 151).
mocemuli lazuri zeda samoslis aRmniSvneli saxelebi warmoqmnilia,
daniSnulebas gamoxataven, nawarmoebia qun- `Cacma~ Zirisagan, axlavs:
moJa-, geJa-, eJa- zmniswinebi, romlebic fardia qarTuli mo- da da27
zmniswinebisa.
moqunuSis
semantikisaa
moJaqunuSi,
eJaqunuSi
da
nanaTesaobiTari saxelebia (-Si – naT. brunvis niSani).
2) konkretuli saxelebi
megruli
megr.
axalux-i,
axaÁux-i
àxaluxi~
(Sdr.
kaba)
(yifSiZe
1994).
literaturidan cnobilia, rom axaluxi ikereboda an abreSumisagan, an
matylgareuli abreSumisagan, bambagareuli abreSumisagan (masalebi 1983,
246) (ix. laz. Ziqva-axalux-i `Coxa-axaluxi" (Cveni masala). qarTulSic
axalux-i
dasturdeba
(naoWasxmuli
an
sarCuldadebuli;
Semdegi
mniSvnelobiT:
Caqebdayrili)
Casacmeli
Ril-kiloebiT
Sesakravi;
1.
welSi
gamoyvanili
mamakacisa,
welamde
sayeloiani,
viwro
saxeloebiani (Cveulebriv Coxis qveS Casacmeli). 2. rTuli fuZis meore
Semadgeneli nawili. Coxa-axaluxi (qegli I, 2008).
iv. javaxiSvilis azriT, axaluxi Turquli sityvaa, romelic ori
nawilisgan
Sedgeba:
axa
lux.
da
axa-s
sruli
da
Tavdapirveli
mniSvneloba aWaruls aqvs daculi, sadac iaxa-s xmaroben tanisamosis
zedatanis
sayelos
tanisamosis
sayelos
aRsaniSnavad.
ewodeba,
Turquli
lik
an
luk
jaka
ki
kides,
napirs
ganyenebul
da
cnebaTa
mawarmoebeli Turquli bolosarTia. TurqulSi TviT termin ჲayaluy-i an
ჲჴaluk-i
ჲჴ
arsebobs da sayelos gasakeTeblad gankuTvnil maudis an
qurqis naWers niSnavs (masalebi 1962, 152).
megr. bluza `qalis an mamakacis zeda Casacmeli naxevrad CaRiluli
(qajaia I, 2001). note ginmurTinuas WiTa bluzaT, vara RarTo `netavi
gadamaqcia wiTel xalaTad, anda Coxad~ (samuSia 1971, 99). qarT. bluz-i,
bluza (bluzisa) [fran. blouse rus. enis meSv.] mamakacis xalvaTi zeda
tansacmeli, romelzedac
rogorc
Cans,
sityva
qamars
ucxo
irtyamen, _
enidan
aris
xalaTi (qegli I, 2008).
Semosuli,
xolo
megrulSi
qarTulis gziT aris damkvidrebuli. ix. laz. bluza.
megr. kastum-i `pijaki~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. rus. костюм `tansacmeli,
tanisamosi, kostumi~. qarTulSic dasturdeba kostiumi || kostum-i.
qegli-
28
s
mixedviT,
is
mniSvnelobebi:
mamakacis
Sedarebulia
frang.
adamianis
tansacmeli.
1.
Tanamedrove
samosis
sruli
costume-Tan,
romelsac
nacionaluri
kompleqti
aqvs
kostumi.
(pijaki,
2.
Jileti,
Sarvali) (qegli IV, 1955). rogorc Cans, sityva frangulia, iqidan aris
rusulSi
gavrcelebuli,
rusulidan
Semosulia
qarTulSi
da
misi
meSveobiT damkvidrebulia megrulSi.
megr.
kitel-i
`zeda
Casacmeli~
||
kitei.
(Cveni
masala).
mTqmelis
ganmartebiT, kostumiviT Sekerili, galife SarvalTan Casacmeli zeda
samoselia. es sityva qarTulSic dasturdeba, romelic ganmartebulia,
rogorc `samxedro formis qurTuki (Cveulebriv sazafxulo)~.
kitel-i
ucxo, germanuli warmomavlobis sityvad aris miCneuli. Sdr. germ.
kittel
rusuli
1955).
enis
meSveobiT
aris
Semosuli
qarTulSi
(qegli
IV,
megrulSi is qarTulis gziT unda iyos damkvidrebuli. ix. laz. kiteli.
megr. rubaSqa `perangi, xalaTi~ (qajaia II, 2002) || rubaSka (Cveni masala).
Ce rubaSqa dogiWu do hava giqaqaluans `TeTri
xalaTi Segikeravs da
haeri (niavi) giqiqinebs~ (samuSia 1971, 235). Sdr.
rus. рувашка. mas igive
mniSvneloba udasturdeba. Cans, rom sityva rusulidan aris Semosuli
megrulSi.
megr. saroCka `perangi~ (mamakacis an kacis garedan Casacmeli gaxsnili,
Rilebiani) (Cveni masala). Sdr. rus. сорочка `perangi~. es sityva megrulSi
rusulidanaa damkvidrebuli.
megr. talma `qalis zeda Casacmeli~ (qajaia IV, 2009). a. Wanturia
aRniSnavs, rom es igivea, rac qaTiba (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. forCa `selis Zafisagan naqsovi~ (Waraia 1997). xolo yifSiZesTan
forCa
`perangi, xalaTi (zeviTa)
uxeSi Zafisagan xeliT moqsovili~
(yifSiZe 1994). qaTirCes forCa falo `qveS daiges mxolod forCa~ (qajaia
III, 2002). es leqsema dasturdeba lazurSic. sityvis warmomavlobisTvis
ix. xeforCa.
megr. q nz-i `tyavisa iyo, saxeloebi ar hqonda. zeviT Casacmelad
xmarobdnen~ (masalebi 1983, 244; qajaia III, 2002).
megr. q nC-i || q nC
saTanadod
`zeda Casacmeli tyavisa~. cxvars gaatyavebdnen,
daamuSavebdnen
da
saxeloian
grZel
`q nC s~
ikeravdnen
29
(masalebi 1983, 241). arZaq q nC
diiWes oSi koCiq `yvelam q nC
Seikeres,
asma kacma~ (xubua 1937, 262).
megr. jempr-i `zemodan Casacmeli naqsovi uRilebo, yeliani an uyelo~.
is SeiZleba iyos: dabali kiserami (jempri) `dabalyeliani~ da xurxami
(jempri) || kiserami (jempri) `yeliani~. es sityva dasturdeba qarTulSic:
jemper-i
(jempr-i).
is
qarTulis
meSveobiT
aris
megrulSi
Sesuli.
qarTuli forma ki Sedarebuli aris imave mniSvnelobis ingl. jumper-Tan.
(qegli VIII, 1964).
lazuri
laz. anTer-i || (r-s dakargviT) anTe-Á `qalis zeda mokle tansacmeli,
qalis zeda xalaTi (umklavo)~ (Tandilava 2013). buSluRi mu Rodaftu,
Razi-anTeri muSi `meSluRi (xuTTumniani oqros fuli) rad undoda CiTis
xalaTi misi!~ (kartozia 1972, 207). mTqmelebis ganmartebiT, laz. anTer-i ||
anTe-Á
aris `kacis zeda Casacmeli~ (Cveni masala). anTer-i warmoqmnili
sityva Cans.
lazurSi dasturdeba am fuZidan nawarmoebi anTeron-i
ànTerCacmuli~
(*anTer-on-i zedmiw. ànTeriani~) (lazuris fondi).
laz. bluza || burza `xalaTi~ (Tandilava 2013). na-moZitu Sarvali do
bluzafe, gamosTu `rom ecva Sarvali da bluzebi, gaZvra~ (JRenti 1938,
87). es sityva dasturdeba qarTulSi (romlis wyarod franguli enis
monacemi aris miCneuli) da megrulSi, sadac es sityva qarTulidan aris
Sesuli,
xolo
lazurSi
damkvidrebuli. || ruza (viw.)
SeiZleba
is
Turqulis
gziT
iyos
|| burza (furt., xof.) 1. `sqeli naWrisagan
damzadebuli Jiletis formis grZelmklaviani samosi~. 2. `dRevandeli
monadiris samosis msgavsi didi da farTo jibiani Jileti~. 3. (furt.)
`skolis winsafari~. 4. `qalis zeda samosi, bluza~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. kasTum-i `kostiumi (pijaki)~ (Tandilava 2013). aÁa koCiq qÁuWofu
kasTumi do Sarvali àm kacma uyida kostiumi da pijaki~ (kartozia 1972,
143). misi warmomavlobisTvis ix. megr. kastum-i.
30
laz.
kitel-i
`mamakacis
Casacmeli
(zeda)~
(Cveni
masala).
sityvis
istoriisTvis ix. megr. kitel-i.
laz. ko ta || ko Ta || kofta `kofTa~; `perangi~ (Tandilava 2013; uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007). SqaS Jin-na doloquns, ko Ta ren
`wels zeviT rom acvia, kofTa aris~ (Tandilava 2013). am mniSvnelobiTY
qarTulSi dasturdeba kofTa, romelic rusulidan aris Semosuli. Sdr
rus. кофта (qegli IV, 1955). es leqsema gvxvdeba megrulSic.
laz. saroCka `perangi~ (asaTiani 1974, 102). sityvis istoriisTvis ix.
megr. saroCka.
laz. forCa `perangi~ (Tandilava 2013); him forCa biTum dicxiri dotu
ìs
perangi
mTlad
sisxli
gaxada~
(Ciqobava
1936,
118).
mTqmelebis
ganmartebiT – `kaba~ (Cveni masala). gvxvdeba am fuZidan nawarmoebi
forCasTe `perangis amara~. ix. megr. forCa.
laz. anela `zeda Casacmeli~ (Sdr. Turq. fanila) (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva). ix. megr. fanel-i.
$ 5. qveda samosi
am paragrafSi
gaerTianebulia qveda kaba da Sarvali, romlebic
zogadi mniSvnelobisaa da agreTve, maTi konkretuli saxelebi.
megruli
megr.
gimeiani
||
gimeiani
kaba
`qveda
kaba~
(Cveni
masala).
am
mniSvnelobiT megrulSi ucxo warmomavlobis iuka || iubkac gvxvdeba
(yifSiZe 1994), romelic momdinareobs rusulidan. Sdr. rus. юбка.iuka
gamkinwyu `qvedakaba gaixada~ (xubua 1937, 140).
megr. Salvar-i || Saluar-i || Sa&&var-i `Sarvali~. si Ziqva migoxiruni,
TiTi jgiri koCi
yofilao~
(qajaia
oferenia `Sen Sarvali rom mogpara, isic kargi kaci
III,
2002)
←
qarT.
Sarval-i
←
spars.
š lvar
lvar
(andronikaSvili 1966, 213).
Sarvlis sxvadasxvava saxe gamoiyofa:
31
megr. afxazur-i Sarval-i (masalebi 1983, 246).
megr. galife Sarval-i `galife Sarvali~ – muxlebs qvemoT viwrod da
zemoTa
nawilSi
dasturdeba
farTod
qarTulSic.
Galliffet, romelic
gamoyvanili
sityva
Sarvali.
ucxo
am
saxis
warmomavlobisaa.
Sarvali
Sdr.
frang.
rusuli enis meSveobiT damkvidrda qarTulSi (qegl I,
2008).
megr. Ziqva || Z qva èrTgvari welSi anaoWebuli da totebmoviwroebuli
Sarvali, romlis Cacma SeiZleboda Seubrunebladac, radgan winac da
ukanac erTnairi iyo, hqonda Rilebi, sartyeli da welze magrdeboda
xvanjriT
(kurTalariT);
ZiriTadad
icvamdnen
upiratesad
moxucebi
da
iqsoveboda
balRebi~
xeliT,
(qobalia
yaisnaRiT,
2010).
Ziqva
lazurSic dasturdeba.
lazuri
laz. gotkimale `qveda kaba~. SqaS Tudeni gotkimale ren `wels qvemoT
(qveda)
qveda
kaba
aris~
(Tandilava
2013).
es
fuZe
warmoqmnilia,
nawarmoebia gotkimu `Semortyma~ zmnuri formisgan (*go-tkim-al-e).
laz. iubka `qvedabolo~ (Cveni masala). warmomavlobisTvis ix. megr.
iubka || iuka.
laz. Sarax-i èrTgvari Sarvali~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. Sarval-i || Salvar-i || Saval-i || SarvaÁ (Sdr. Turq. šalvar).
šalvar Salvari
_ Sibi goSadvaleri iyven `Sarvalze Snuri (naWris) gayrili iqneba~
(Ciqobava
1929,
15).
rogorc
zemoT,
megrul
masalaze
msjelobisas
aRvniSneT, Sarval-i qarTulis meSveobiT aris Sesuli megrulSi, magram
lazuri
erTeulebi
Sedarebulia
TurqulTan
(Tandilava
2013).
SesaZlebelia is Turqulis gziT damkvidrda lazurSi.
lazurSic Sarvlis sxvadasxva saxe gamoiyofa:
megrulis msgavsad, lazurSic dasturdeba Ziqva→|| (dezafrikatizaciiT)
zipka || Ziфa (xof.) || Zikva (viw.) || wikva (aTin.) `Sarvali~, `Coxa~. Zikva
gelebudviko Toqme Sarvali-kala `Ziqva damedo ... SarvalTan erTad~
32
(Ciqobava 1929, 68). es fuZe gamovlenilia SesityvebaSi: Ziqva-axalux-i `Coxa-axaluxi" (Cveni masala).
laz. duz-i Sarval-i `swori, inglisuri SarvaliviT~ (Cveni masala).
Sdr. laz. duzi `swori~.
laz. mkule || kule SarvaÁ `mokle Sarvali~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. laz.
mkule || kule `mokle~.
laz. Sibilon-i Salvar-i `zonriani Sarvali~ (Ciqobava 1929, 150). Sdr.
laz. Sib-i `Snuri, zonari (naWris)~ (Tandilava 2013), misgan –on sufiqsiT
unda iyos nawarmoebi Sibiloni.
laz. golф
ф-i || galiф
фe || kalife || kalive (g-s gamkveTrebiT)
(asaTiani
1974, 36; Cveni masala). misi warmomavlobis Sesaxeb ix. megr, galife.
laz. fonTul-i || fonTolon-i `Sarvali~ (Sdr. frang.-Turq. pantolon)
(Tandilava 2013) || fontul-i (aTin.) `Sarvali~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007). aÁa fonToloni en ès Sarvali aris~ (Ciqobava 1929,
150). rogorc Cans, sityva Turqulis gziT aris damkvidrebuli lazurSi.
laz. torvela 1. (Cxal.) `moSvebuli Sarvali~. 2. (furt.) ùlamazod,
usufTaod Cacmuli~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. Wak-Wirina `Txeli qsovilisagan Sekerili Sarvali~ (Tandilava
2013; uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
sityva
Sarval-i
orive
jgufisTvis,
rogorc
megrulisTvis,
aseve
lazurisTvis, Sarvlis zogad saxeladac SeiZleba moviazroT.
$ 6. mosasxami, mosacmeli
am
paragrafSi
romlebic moicavs
gaerTianebulia
ori
jgufi:
1)
zogadi
saxelebi,
am jgufSi Semaval elementTa zogad saxelwodebebs
da 2) kerZo – am jgufSi Semaval elementTa konkretuli saxelwodebani.
1) zogadi saxelebi
megruli
33
megr. maqunal-i || ginaqunal-i `mosasxami~; `Casacmeli~ (masalebi 1983,
243); || galen-i ginaqunal-i `garedan mosacmeli~ || galeian-i `gareTa~ ||
galen-i mukaqunal-i || m kaqunal-i `garedan Casacmeli~ (Cveni masala).
lazuri
am jgufis lazuri saxelebi saziaroa tanzemoT Casacmeli zogadi
saxelebisa. ix. am qveTavis $ 4.
2) konkretuli saxelebi
megruli
megr. anafora || anafara ànafora~ || mafor-i `saburveli, anafora,
onfori, xucis samosi, mfarveli~ (qobalia 2010). anafara formaT uRu,
oma al
abragebc ànafora formad aqvs, megobrobs yaCaRebTan (qajaia I,
2002). Sdr. qarT. anafora (berZn. anaphoro) `mRvdlis samosi, farTo da
grZeli~ (qegli I, 2008).
megr.
barWoS-i
`grZelbewviani,
Wavliani
nabadi,
iTeleboda
daxuWuWebuli, narCeni an sagangebod daupentavi boWkosagan~. barWoS
nabad-i || barWoSi. barWo ―grZeli bewvi, Wavli nabdisa; matylis narCeni
gapentvis Sedeg (qobalia 2010).
megr. biniS-i èrTgvari naqsovi mosasxami~ (qobalia 2010). es SeiZleba
nanaTesaobiTari saxelia, bin- `Sebneva~ Zirze naTesaobiTi brunvis –iS
niSnis darTviT miRebuli.
megr.
garoz-i
(Wanturias
arqivi,
`naqsovi,
#
434).
mosasxami~
garoziSi
(Waraia
Sarfi
1997);
uRudu
`Tavsaxuravi~
`garozis
Sarfi
hqonda~ (qajaia I, 2002). Sdr. aWar. guruz-i `qsovisas erT-erTi svla~
(Tvlis wamateba). imer., raW. garoz-i `naqsovi mosasxami~, rus. гарусъ
(beriZe 1912).
34
megr. gaforafal-i `Semosafari, Semosaburi (nabadi)~ (qobalia 2010). igi
for-
momdinareobs
`dafarva~
zmnur
ga-
Zirze
zmniswinisa
da
-al
sufiqsis darTviT.
megr. gaqunal-i `dasaburi, mosasxami, SesafuTi~ (qobalia 2010). leqsema
miRebulia qun- Zirze ga- zmniswinisa da -al sufiqsis darTviT.
megr. gvabana `wamosasxami~. mzaddeboda matylisagan, nabadiviT TovlSi,
qarsa da wvimaSi zeviT Casacmelad. gvabana muxlamde iyo, saxeloiani
(masalebi 1983, 244-245). gvabana `qeCa~ (kilanava 1998; qajaia I, 2001).
megr. ginoqvenj-i (ginoqvinji) `yaryumis, siasamuris
an wavis bewv-
gadakruli~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434). mis warmomavlobasTan dakavSirebiT
ix. mikoqvenji.
megr. kapuW-i `mosasxami mTeli tanis sigrZeze, ikvreboda erTi kaviT,
abreSumis,
zoliani,
gawyobili
oqroTi
da
sxva
ZvirfaseulebiT~
(Wanturias arqivi, # 434). `cxvris an Txis gamoqnili tyavi da misgan
damzadebuli tyapuWi, abga, guda da sxv.~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. koWilulu `mTlianad sirmiT moqarguli maudis an abreSumis
mosasxami (JaketiviT), saxelo idayvamde hqonda~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. libad-i `labada~ (qobalia 2010). warmomavlobisaTvis ix. laz.
labada.
megr.
mosasxan
`qalis
zeviTa
Casacmeli,
saxeloebi
ar
hqonda,
abreSumisa da Salisagan keravdnen, gverdebSi iqiT-aqeT moyvanili iyo,
mTlianad mZivebiT gawyobili. igi muxlebamde wvdeboda, tolmaze ufro
mokle iyo~ (masalebi 1983, 243).
megr.
nabad-i `nabadi; Teqa~. nabadam-i `nabdiani~ (sokos jiSi) (qobalia
502). aleiaq gegni oT muSi WiTa nabadia àleqsandrem gadaigdo Tavisi
wiTeli nabadi~ (xubua 1937, 159). javaxuri nabada `vaSlis jiSia, Zalian
msxmoiarea,
`nabdisagan
sqeli
qerqi
gakeTebuli
aqvs~
xmali~
(beriZe
1981).
(beriZe
1981).
javax.
nabd-i
zogierTi
xmal-i
avtoris
mosazrebiT, qarT. nabad-i sxva enebTan aris dakavSirebuli. kerZod: qarT.
nabad-i, iran. nymet nimæt `qeCa, nabadi~, os. namata `qeCa~, Zv. ind. namata, arab.
namat (abaevi
1973).
Sdr.
megr.
uCanabadam-i
`Savnabdiani,
WianWvelas
35
tabuirebuli saxeli (WianWvelas ar axseneben, roca abreSumis Wia uziT)~
(qobalia 2010). am sityvis warmomavlobisTvis ix. laz. labada || libadi.
megr.
ortafi-SarSaf-i
`naqsovi,
abreSumis,
Wreli
da
farTo,
Semosakravi ~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434). kompozitia, miRebuli megr.
ortaf-i da Turquli čaršaf `zewari~ sityvisagan.
megr.
toloma
||
tol ma
`nabadiviT
mosasxami
qalisa,
usaxeloebo
(masalebi 1983, 243).
megr.
qeCa
`Teqa,
qeCa,
dasturdeba
SeuRebavi
romelic
nabadi~
(qobalia
ganmartebulia
2010).
rogorc
qarTulSic
`nabadi~
da
Sedarebulia Turq. kečče fuZesTan, rac niSnavs: `qeCa, Teqa~ (qegli VII,
1962).
megr. qun-i `dasaxuri, saban-gobani, saburveli; nabadi, gare mosasxami~
(qobalia 2010).
megr. qunC-i `qurqi, bewviani mosasxami~ (qajaia III, 2002); `sazogado
saxeli qurqisa, jubisa, gvabanakisa, tyapuWisa; gadabrunrbuli tyavi,
zurgze mosasxami, sazamTro samosia erTgvari, nabdis saTbura~ (qobalia
2010). qunCi WyiSiS ginaqunali re, CxuruSe do WvimaSe icvens `qunCi~
mwyemsis wamosasxamia, sicivisa da wvimisagan icavs~ (xubua 1937, 69). Sdr.
qunCa || qunCar-i `tyapuWiani, bewviani~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr. leCx. qunC-i
`qurqi, bewviani wamosasxxami~ (Rlonti 1984).
lazuri
laz.
kabalaxuntka
`mosasxami,
romelic
Txis
tyavisagan
mzaddeba,
wyalgaumtaria~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz.
kirki || kiki `mosacmeli (Zvirfasi – oqrosi)~ (Tandilava 2013).
neÁmes moZitu kirki alTuniSi `neimes ecva oqros mosacmeli~ (JRenti 1938,
170).
laz. labada || libadi `zed Tbili Casacmeli bambis~; `mosasxami~.
saanalizo fuZis istoriisTvis ix. laz. labada samoslis saxeobebSi.
nabdis mniSvnelobiT lazurSi dasturdeba, agreTve, ÁamC-i || ÁamW-i
(Tandilava
2013), romelic
SeiZleba
momdinareobs
Turqulidan. Sdr.
36
Turq. yamči. ÁamCi homuJikidu mxujis `nabadi gadaikida zurgze~ (kartozia
1972, 36).
laz. Cepqen-i `maudis grZelmklaviani mosasxami gaxsnili mklavebiT~
(Sdr. Turq. Cepken) (Tandilava 2013).
laz. jubbe ànafora~ (arab. cubbe) (Tandilava 2013). qodiliqunu jubbe
`Caicva
anafora~
(kartozia
1970,
27).
Sdr.
qarT.
juba
1.
`ganieri
sakmaod
farTod
wamosasxami xalaTi~. 2. `dabambuli kurtaki~ (qegli VIII, 1964).
I
qveTavSi,
romelic
tanisamoss
exeba,
masala
gamovlinda. es qveTavi paragrafebad aris dayofili. masSi aRwerili da
ganxiluli aris tanisamosis aRmniSvneli zogadi saxelebi., romlebic
ZiriTadad warmoqmnili saxelebia, nawarmoebi saerToqarTveluri qunZirisagan. am qveTavSi, garda zogadi saxelebisa,
ganxilulia samoslis
konkretuli saxelebi, romelsac gaudiferencirebeli vuwodeT da Semdeg
ki
davajgufeT
samoseli
adgilmdebareobis
mixedviT.
Sesabamisad,
gamoiyo: SigniTa samosi, zeda samosi, qveda samosi, mosasxami. semantikur
analizTan erTad ganvixileT maTi struqtura. gamovlinda martivi, da
rTuli saxelebi, sakuTriv megrul-lazuri, saerToqarTveluri da ucxo
warmomavlobisa.
II qveTavi
fexsamosi
am qveTavSi ganxilulia fexsamosi. gamoiyofa: 1) zogadi – jgufSi
Semaval elementTa zogadi saxelwodebani da 2) kerZo –konkretuli
saxelwodebani anu fexsamosis saxeobebi.
$ 1. fexsamosi
1) zogadi saxelebi
megruli
megr.
madvalar-i
(ma-dval-ar-i)
`fexsacmeli~
(qobalia
2010)
warmoqmnili fuZea, nawarmoebia megr. dvala `deba~ zmnisagan. warmoebis
37
mixedviT mimReobaa, gamoxatavs daniSnulebas, zedmiw. niSnavs `(fexze)
(martvilurSi madvalar-i iTqmis, rogorc tanisamosis, aseve
mosadebi~
fexsacmlis
Sesaxebac).
am
mniSvnelobiT
dasturdeba
Sesityvebac
da
rTuli sityvac: kuCxiSi madvalar-i || kuCx modval-i || kuCx modvalu/ .
isini
SeiZleba
daiSalos
kuCxiS-
an
kuCx-
`fexis~
da
madvali
an
madvalari `mosacmeli, mosadebi~. kuCxiS naTesaobiTi brunvis formaa,
romelic
gamartivebuli
saxiTac
gvxvdeba,
Cavardnilia
naTesaobiTi
brunvis niSani -iS, sityvis meore komponenti, rogorc vxedavT, aris
modval-i || madvalar-i. msgavsi warmoeba gvaqvs lazurSic. warmoebis
mxriv, qarTulSic msgavsi viTarebaa. Sdr. qarT. fex-sa-cm-el-i.
lazuri
laz.
modvalu
(mo-dval-u)
||
modvaluS-i
(mo-dval-u-Si)
`fexsamosi
(zogadad)~ (Tandilava 2013) || kuCxeS-i modvalu/i || kuCxeSi modvaluSi
`fexsacmeli~ (mari 1910, Cveni masala). warmoebis mxriv, mocemuli fuZeebi
warmoqmnilia.
megrulis
msgavsad,
sayrdeni
fuZe
nawarmoebia
dval-
zmnuri Zirisagan. modvalu || modvaluSi daniSnulebis saxelebia, sadac
zmnur ZirTan erTad gamoiyofa mo- zmniswini, –u sawyisis mawarmoebeli
da –Si – naTesaobiTi brunvis niSani, romelic daniSnulebis funqcias
asrulebs, xolo rTul fuZeebSi: kuCxeS-i modvalu/i || kuCxeSi modvaluSi
pirveli Semadgeneli nawili aris kuCxe `fexi~ naTesaobiTi brunvis
formiT: kuCxe-S || kuCxe-Si `fexis~.
2) fexsamosis konkretuli saxelwodebani
fexsamosSi
gamovyaviT
sami
jgufi:
1)
fexsacmlis
saxeobebi,
2)
fexsacmeli formis mixedviT.
1) fexsacmlis saxeobebi
am qvejgufSi gaerTianebulia fexsacmlis saxeobebi: qoSebi, Custebi,
Ceqmebi,
winda-fexsacmeli;
formis
mixedviT:
qusliani,
maRalyeliani,
uyelo || dabalyeliani, msxvil an wvrilcxviriani; masalis mixedviT:
38
rezinis, matylis, qsovilis, xis; xarisxis mixedviT: Zveli, uvargisi,
ubralo,
Zvirfasi,
sportuli,
daniSnulebis
mdidruli;
bavSvis,
qalis,
wuRis
qveS
mixedviT:
Casacmeli,
glexuri,
sacekvao,
mTaSi,
Tovlze, WaobSi sasiarulo; gamovlenilia iseTi saxeobebi, romlebic
ganmartebulia, rogorc èrTgvari fexsacmeli~, ar aris gansazRvruli
maTi
daniSnuleba.
romelTa
fexsacmlis
saxelwodeba
jgufSi
gamoiyofa
gamomdinareobs
iseTi
fexsacmlis
saxeobebic,
sawarmoeblad
gamoyenebuli masalisagan. maSasadame, fexsacmlis saxeebi gamoyofilia:
formis,
masalis,
erTeulTa
daniSnulebis
struqtura
―
mixedviT.
gvaqvs
rogorc
mniSvnelovania
martivi,
aseve
leqsikur
nawarmoebi
sityvebi; mniSvnelovania maTi sxva enebTan mimarTebis sakiTxi. radganac
TiToeul saxeobas gaaCnia ramdenime maxasiaTebeli erTdroulad, amitom
maT saxeobebSi vaerTianebT da cal-calke jgufebad ar ganvixilavT.
megruli
megr. Cafla || Cafula (masalebi 1983, 243) `fexsacmeli~ || Caf la || Cafia
`fexsacmeli~, `qalamani~ (xis qerqisagan mzaddeba) (yifSiZe 1994) || Cafila.
baRanas Cafla kvarCxiSe qumudval
(Cveni masala). Sdr.
`bavSvs fexsacmeli ukuRma Caucvams~
laz. Cafla (Tandilava 2013) || Cafula || Cabla `wuRa~
(mari 1910); qarT. Cafula `ferÃis sacmeli~ (saba II, 1993).
Zv. qarT. Cafla
1) `qalamani~ (abulaZe 1973); 2) `Ceqmaze Casacmeli maSia, galoSis msgavsi~
(javaxiSvili 1930, 219-220). qarT. Cafula (imer.) ùquslo, dabalyeliani
fexsacmeli, _ wuRa~ (qegli VII, 1962).
Cafula-s
formis Sesaxeb iv. javaxiSvili wers: `Cafula da wuRa
erTnairad ikereba, cxviri wvetiani aqvs, kalapoti sworia da amitomac
marjvena da marcxena Cafula erTi meorisagan ar gairCeva~ (masalebi 1983,
249).
saanalizo
sityva
rTuli
fuZis
Semadgeneli
nawilia.
kerZod:
kuCxCafulam-i (kuCx-Caful-am-i – kuCx- `fexi~, Caful-am-i `(fex)sacmliani),
kuCxuCafule (kuCx-u-Caful-e _ kuCx- `fexi~, u-Cafl-e u(fex)-sacml-o)
`fexSiSveli~ (qajaia II, 2002).
39
sityvis istoriisaTvis mniSvnelovania, rom es fuZe Sedarebulia sxva
enis monacemTan: qarT. Cafula `fexsacmeli~, svan. Zab r `fexsacmeli~,
svan. Caf l `wuRi~, zan (m) Cafula || Cafola `qalamani~, zan (W) Cafula,
os. 0abir `wuRi~ (abaevi 1958, 387).
mocemuli sityvis istoriis
Sesaxeb msjelobs k. danelia. mas miaCnia,
rom qarT. Cafula || Cafla (`ferÃis sacmeli, monazvnis fexsacmeli,
qalamani~)
qarTulSi
kolxuridan
aris
Sesuli.
fuZis
amosavali
semantikisTvis is aRadgens kolx. *Can-fula da xsnis amgvarad: Can- ||
Cal+fula
`fexis dafarva, fexi+dafarva~. misi azriT, kolx. *Cal- || Can-
`fexi, Seferxeba~ (qarT. CanCal- (Can-Cal-) `fexis TreviT siaruli~), ful(fula) `dafarva~ (danelia 1991, 622).
ganmartebebidan
gamomdinare,
megr.
Cafula
fexsacmlis
erTgvari
zogadi saxelia, amdenad, amitom ganvixileT is upirvelesad.
megr. Cafla SeiZleba iyos sxvadasxva saxisa:
Cafla SxuriS-i (kacis), Cafla Wabrul-i (kacis), Cafla xuWil-i (kacis)
(Wanturias arqivi, # 434). vfiqrobT, Cafla SxuriSi matylis fexsacmelia,
xolo Cafla xuWili aris `danaoWebuli fexsacmeli
megr. kaniS Cafla || kaniS Cafula `qalamani~ (masalebi 1983, 243);
kaniSCafla || kanCafula, kanCafla, kanCafia `qalamani, tyavis fexsacmeli~
(qajaia II, 2002).
megr. burTul-i Cafla (kacis) `gardigardmo Sekruli Txis tyavis
fexsacmeli~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. kakam Cafla – fexsacmeli erTgvari, Sesakravebiani (kaka `mZivi~,
e.i. kakami “mZivebiani”)
(qobalia 2010).
megr. meSiS-i Cafla `meSis fexsacmeli~; megr. meS-i `meSi~ – `cxvris
tyavi~
(masalebi 1983, 250); meSin-i `nebismieri damuSavebuli tyavi~
(qajaia II, 2002).
megr. ozgilitaia Cafla `sriala fexsacmels~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. megr.
ozgilitaia `sriala, sasrialo, molipuli~ (qajaia 2010).
megr. aziack-i àziuri uquslo, wvrilWvintiani, fexze Semotkecili
tyavis maRalyeliani Ceqma~. aziacki maaZudu kuCxis ìm kacs aziurebi
ecva fexze~ (qajaia I, 2001). Semosulia rusulidan. Sdr. rus. азиатский.
40
megr.
balaR-i
`fexsacmeli
erTgvari
(Zroxisa
da
xbos
tyavisagan
mzaddeboda)~ (masalebi 1983, 250).
megr. baletka `CustiviT fexsacmeli~. asede miSarT baletkemq àxlaxan
Semovida baletkebi~ (Cveni masala).
megr.
bandil-i
(erTgvari
`blondi,
Zirgabanduli
SoriSor
tyavis
naqseli,
fexsacmeli
dablanduli;
Tovlsa
banduli
da
yinvaSi
sasiarulod)~ (qobalia 2010). bandil-i (band-il-i) mimReobaa, romelic
megr. band- (band-ua) `blandva, SoriSor qselva~ zmnuri Ziridan aris
nawarmoebi. Sdr.
qarT. banduleb-i 1. lanCa-dawnuli fexsacmeli (saba);
`mTaSi sasiarulo qalamani, romelsac Zirebi wvrilis RvediTa aqvs
dawnuli~; 2. kuTx. (imer.) nabdisagan Sekerili Tbili fexsacmeli (Sdr.
bagvi `matylis sqeli winda TovlSi sasiarulod~) (qegl I, 2008).
megr. basanoCka
`sazafxulo
fexsacmeli~. Cqimi didaq goRa
skvami
basanoCka momiR `dedaCemma (Cemma dedam) guSin lamazi bosonoSi momitana~
(Cveni masala).
megr. batinka || baSmakef-i `dabalyeliani zamTris fexsacmeli~ (Cveni
masala). a. Wanturia baSmakebs ganmartavs rogorc `qalis fexsacmeli~
(Wanturias arqivi, # 434, fondi). zoTons batinkefi oko midve, tibas
qugoko rdeda `zamTarSi `baTinkebi~ unda Caicva, Tu ginda Tbilad iyo~
(Cveni masala).
megr. baCuC-i `Custi~ oTaxis baCuCefiT gilula òTaxSi CustebiT
dadian~ (Cveni masala).
megr.
baCxaCxia
`qoSebi~.
biwkal-i
–
baCxaCxiaT
gilurs
`qoSiT
dadis~
(Cveni
masala).
megr.
(sacekvao
fexsacmeli).
koxta,
koxtad
moyvanili
msubuqi fexsacmeli, cerze mdgariviT SemarTuli (qobalia 2010). Sdr.
megr. biwk-i `fexis wveri, ceri~.
megr. biwkantia `puantebis msgavsi uyelo, koxtad moyvanili msubuqi
fexsacmeli, upiratesad naWrisa an rbili tyavisa, romelsac WvintTan
datanebuli hqonda naWeri cerebze siarulisa da cekvis gasaadvileblad.
ityodnen
fexsacmelSi
meti
siTbosaTvis
Casatanebel
naWris
uyelo
windebzec da, iSviaTad, oboxuazec, xis qoSze, saboze~ (qobalia 2010).
avtors saanalizo sityvasTan Sesadareblad mohyavs biwk-i `fexis wveri,
41
ceri~.
SeiZleba am Zirisgan iyos nawarmoebi mocemuli sityva, romelic
`cerul cekvasac~ niSnavs.
megr.
berwkinte
(qobalia
2010).
`brWyviala
moWyudus
fexsacmeli~
berwkinte
(sapatarZlo
maZ d
fexsacmeli)
`patarZals
brWyviala
fexsacmeli ecva~ (Cveni masala).
megr. bot-i `rezinis Ceqma~. WvimaSi gilaularo botefi oko u ide
baRanems `wvimaSi sasiarulod rezinis Ceqmebi unda vuyido bavSvebs~
(Cveni masala). nasesxebia rusulidan.
megr.
bug-i
`matylis
Tbili
fexsacmeli~
←
*bogv-i.
bagv-i
qarT.
`matylis sqeli winda TovlSi sasiarulod~; `nabdis Tbili, yeliani
fexsacmeli~. s. qarTv. *bagu (Cuxua 2000-2003, 56). bugi CxuruSi madvalaro
jgirie `bugi siciveSi Casacmelad kargia~ (Cveni masala).
megr. espadrel-i `CustiviT fexsacmeli~ (Cveni masala).
megr. valnik-i `rezinis Ceqma, botebi~. Ticali Wvima re, valnikefi oko
qimibdve ìse wvims, rezinis Ceqmebi unda Cavicva~ (Cveni masala). Sdr.
qarT. valenkeb-i (rus. валенки) `qeCis Ceqmebi~ (qegli IV, 1955).
megr. vitiaSka `maRalyeliani Ceqma muxlzemoT~ (Cveni masala).
megr.
Txilamur-i
||
Txiam-i
`Txilamuri~
(qobalia
2010).
qarT.
Txilamureb-i 1. moRunuli da rkalad Sekruli Txilis an sxva risame
totebi
gardigardmo
fexsacmelebze.
TokiT
xmaroben
an
mTaSi
wneliT
did
gaxlarTuli;
TovlSi
sasiarulod;
ikraven
amJamad
uwodeben Tovlsabij Txilamurebs; 2. fexebqveS amosakravi grZeli da
brtyeli
Zelebi,
Tovlze
sasrialo,
sasiarulo...)
(qegli
IV,
1955).
TuSurSic dasturdeba Txilamur `did TovlSi sasiarulod dagrexili
wnelebisagan gakeTebuli fexze amosakravi rgolebi~ (cocaniZe 2012).
megr. kalatoz-i `xis qusliani fexsacmeli~ (Cveni masala).
megr. kaloSk-i `kaloSi~. kaloSkis wyari menove `kaloSs Turme wyali
Sesdis~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. rus. калоши `kaloSebi~.
megr. ketef-i `sportuli fexsacmeli~. burTis ketefiT
lafena `burTs
ketebiT TamaSoben~ (Cveni masala).
megr.
kunta
fexsacmelic,
TaTman-i
upiratesad
`mokle
naqsovi,
winda.
Salis
es
iyo
ZafebiT
Taviseburi
saSinao
moqsovil
xalvaT
42
windas ZirSi tyavs gamoakerebdnen da xevsuruli TaTebisa da TuSuri
CiTebis msgavsad xmarobdnen~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. koTxunj-i || koxunj-i `xis qerqis an Wilis qalamani~; glexuri
fexsacmelia erTgvari~ (qobalia 2010). gvxvdeba sabasTanac.
megr. lanCa `kacis fexsacmeli~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434). qarT. lanCa
(lanCisa) 1. sqeli tyavi fexsacmlis Zirisa. 2. kuTx. (qiz.) iatakis ficris
qveS datanebuli soli an nafoti simagrisaTvis (s. menT.) (qegli IV, 1955).
megr. larCem-i (larCim-i) `Ceqmis msgavsi fexsacmeli~ (Wanturias arqivi,
# 434).
megr. last-i || lastef-i `Custebi~. e unorme baRanaq lastefi gale
qomi oT
àm
aranormalurma
bavSvma
Custefi
gareT
gamigdo~
(Cveni
masala).
megr. maguia || magu || magunia `Sinnamzadi fexsacmeli WaobSi da qvis
karierze sasiarulod (adre iTleboda xisgan, mogvianebiT ikereboda
manqanis saburavisagan)~; magu `mogvi, tyavi, cudi fexsacmeli.~ (qobalia
2010). m. Cuxua am fuZes saerToqarTvelurad miCnevs – magu-ia `waRa~, Wan.
mangu `sabeli~. qarT. mogv-i `fexsacmlis saxeoba~. svan. meg ,
`tyavi~. s.qarTv. * meg
`tyavis Tasmebiani fexsacmeli~ → qarT. mogv-i ←
*meg -i, zan. magu- → || mangu, svan. meg , sa-meg
megr.
matatia
||
sa-meg
matatafal-i
`flosti,
(Cuxua 2000-2003, 151).
Custi,
fexis
wasadgmeli.~
(qobalia 2010). kuCxiq TeSi domSind , matatiaS meti muTuni vammadvine
`fexi ise damisivda, Custis mets verafers ver vicvam~ (Cveni masala). Sdr.
motatafa `Cacma, fexis wadgma fostlebSi~ (qobalia 2010). mocemuli
zmnuri fuZidan aris nawarmoebi es sityva.
megr. maSaia || maS-i || maSia `fexCasadgmeli (qalisa, qoSiviT), Ziri
rkinisa iyo daWedili~;
`fexsacmeli (qalis) uquslo; `sapire mxolod
win aqvs, Cadgmuli fexis qusli Riaa, saZire muyaosi aqvs. fexCasadgmeli
(CustiviT)~ (masalebi 1983, 244-249); ùquslo fostali an qoSi (Wanturias
arqivi,
#
fexsacmeli,
434).
Sdr.
ucxviro
qarTl.
da
maSia
1)
usaqusro~
ax.
qarT.
(ixmareba
`qalis
sazafxulo
e.
bosonoJkis
w.
mniSvnelobiT). 2) Zv. `qoSis msgavsi fexsacmeli~ (qegli V, 1958).
43
maCarxafal-i ||
megr.
CarxiaAA`fexis
wasadgmeli
Zveli
fexsacmeli,
jRanebi~ (qobalia 2010). mi re amdRa, CarxiaT gilursuni `vin aris dRes,
jRanebiT rom dadis?~ (Cveni masala).
megr. mesT-i || mest-i `yeliani fexsacmeli wuRis qveS Casacmeli, ikereba
cxvris tyavisagan, uZiro dabalyeliani fexsacmelia (masalebi 1983, 244249). Sdr. Turq. mest, osuri mest `tarsikonis winda, Ceqmebi~.
megr. obawkaia `koxta, WraWuna, bakuna (fexsacmeli)~ (qobalia 2010).
WiWelems
u ora
obawkaia
CaflaSi modvala
`patarebs uyvarT bakuna
fexsacmlis Cacma~ (Cveni masala). vfiqrobT, es sityva warmoqmnilia,
nawarmoebia megr. bawk- zmnuri Ziridan. Sdr. megr.
WraWuni (fexsacmlisa) (qobalia 2010),
bawkini `baka-buki,
SeiZleba gvaqvs ormagi warmoeba:
bawk- zmnuri Ziridan pirvel safexurze
-a (is SeiZleba iyos qonebis an
kninobiTobis) sufiqsis meSveobiT aris nawarmoebi bawk-a *`bakuna~ da
meore
safexurze
o-
daniSnulebis
prefiqsisa
da
kninobiTobis
–ia
sufiqsiT miviReT es forma. maSasadame, *o-bawk-a-ia (Sdr. Cel-a, Cel-a-ia).
megr. oboxua `braxuna, fexis xis proTezi, xis qoSi, sabo, oCofexebi,
WaobSi
savali
grZeli
joxi,
romelsac
fexis
dasadgmeli
aqvs
miWedebuli” (qajaia III, 2002). Cqimi mumas uRudu oboxua, fSu `Cems mamas
(mamaCems) hqonda oboxua, maxsovs~ (Cveni masala). es igive oCofexia.
vfiqrobT,
sityva
nawarmoebia
box-
`braxuni~
zmnuri
Zirisagan,
-ua
sawyisis mawarmoebelia, xolo TavsarTi o- qarTuli daniSnulebis saprefiqsis
fardi
siarulisTvis
unda
iyos.
gankuTvnili~.
e.
i.
*o-box-ua
vfiqrobT,
`braxuniT
bgerweriTi
(xmauriT)
sityvaa.
a.
qobaliasTan gvxvdeba oboxuaS gerina `Sejibreba oCofexebiT siarulSi~
(qobalia 2010).Msainteresoa erTi megruli andazac: koCi jaSa oboxuami
eSmeSua do eSmakiq Tqua: ase geglanTxasini, ma qodmabralensia `kaci xeze
omboxebiani adioda, eSmakma Tqva: axla rom Camovardes, me damabralebso~
(memiSiSi, Serozia 1990, 74).
megr. orSvalef-i `bandulebi~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr. qarT. bandul-i
èrTgvari
xis
fexsacmeli
maguias
tipisa~
(qegli
II,
2010).
megr.
orSvalef-i daniSnulebis saxelia, nawarmoebia megr. rSu- || Su- (rSu-ala
|| Sua-la) `qsova, wvna~ zmnuri Zirisagan o-al konfiqsiT.
44
megr. orCofex-i `qoSiviT fexsacmeli~. es aris igive oCokuCx-i `grZeli
joxebi, romelsac kacis simaRleze fexis dasadgmeli Sverilebi aqvs
(qobalia 2010). baRanobas miZir orCofexi maZ des ni `bavSvobisas minaxavs,
oCofexa rom ecvaT~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. qarT. oCofexa `fostlis msgavsi
fexis xis Ziriani fexsacmeli~ (qegli VI, 1960).
megr. paWiW-i `paiWi~ (bavSvis fexsacmeli) (qobalia 2010). WiWe vordini,
bebi paWiWis mumodvand
`patara rom viyavi, bebia paiWs macmevda~ (Cveni
masala). Sdr. qarT. paiW-i `wvivze wamosacmeli (Cveulebriv masSi aris
Catanebuli Sarvlis toti)~ (qegli VI, 1960).
megr. rant-i `boti~. so re rantiT ulin ni, onjRore varduo `sad aris
botiT rom wasula, sircxvili ar iyo?~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. qarT. rant-i,
germ. rand `napiri, arSia~, `fexsacmelze Semovlebuli tyavis viwro arSia,
romelzedac mikerebulia fexsacmlis Ziri~. is rusuli enis meSveobiT
aris qarTulSi Semosuli (qegli VI, 1960), aqedan ki _ megrulSi.
megr. sabo || saboia `sqelZiriani, maRalqusliani, uquslo fexsacmeli~.
ma muWo fSuni, sabos quri vauRudu `me rogorc maxsovs, sabos qusli ar
hqonda~. (Cveni masala).
megr. samge `fexsacmeli erTgvari (Zirs qusli rkiniT iyo daWedebuli)~
(masalebi 1983, 243). Sdr. gur. samuge `Txis tyavi, meSi~ (SaraSiZe 1938).
megr.
sandal-i
qarTulSic
`fexsacmeli~
dasturdeba
(basanoCkasaviT)
sandal-i,
romlis
(masalebi
erT-erTi
1983,
249).
mniSvnelobaa
`msubuqi sazafxulo fexsacmeli~; Zv. saberZneTsa da romSi xmarebuli
fexsacmeli, warmoadgenda xis, korpis an tyavis saZires, romelsac fexze
tasmebiT amagrebdnen (qegli VI, 1960).
megr. sacveT-i (kacis sacveTi) (wylis qveS Casacmeli) `wuRis SigniT
Casacmeli (yeliani), Txeli tyavisgan keravdnen~; `dabalyeliani uZiro
wuRa~; `wvivze Casacmeli, zeviTa da qveviTa napirs qvemodan qoba hqonda .
qvemoT
paWanaki
aqvs
fexis
gasayreli,
ikereboda
ukuRma
piridan~
(masalebi 1983, 243, 249). qarT. sacveT-i 1. wvivebze Casacmeli tyavisa (an
Salisa); faravs fexs muxlidan koWebamde, _ sawvive; 2. kuTx. (imer.) igivea,
rac daTva. (qegli VI, 1960). Sdr. aWar. sacveT-i ùZiro fexsacmeli,
45
mokleyelaa, dabla viwroa, maRla – farTo, koWTan aris Sesnili, tyavis
Tasmebi aq da imiT ikvreba~ (koberiZe 2011, 80).
megr. tatabia. ganumartavia. avtori ganixilavs qalis fexsacmelTa
rigSi (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. tufl-i `lanCiani uyelo fexsacmeli~. guSulirSo tufli moko
ipWueni `gazafxulisTvis (gamosulisTvis) tufli minda Sevikero~ (Cveni
masala).
tufl-basanoCka
megr.
`naxevrad
Ria
da
naxevrad
daxuruli
fexsacmeli~. (Cveni masala).
megr.
faCuC-i
`Custi~.
yudeS
madvalaro
faCuCis
xvarena
`saxlSi
Casacmelad Custs xmaroben~ (Cveni masala). qarTulSic dasturdeba faCuCi 1. saSinao Tbili, uquslo fexsacmeli. || Custi; 2. bavSvis fexsacmeli
rbili tyavisa (qiz.) Sinauri frinvlis fexze Sebmuli niSani (qegli VII,
1962).
megr. fostal-i `flosti~. fostals
udes midvana `flosts saxlSi
Caicvamen~ (Cveni masala). qarT. fostal-i igivea, rac flosti (qegli VII,
1962). qarT. flosti ùquslo fexsacmeli; Cveulebriv saSinao; sapire
mxolod TaTze aqvs~ (qegli VII, 1962). fostal-i warmoqmnili sityvaa,
nawarmoebia spars. fost- `tyavi~ Ziridan. Sdr. aWar. fost-i `qeCxo~
(koberiZe 2011, 30).
megr. foCiS-i `tyavis fexsacmeli~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434). warmoebis
mixedviT, daniSnulebis saxeli Cans: *foCi-Si `tyavisa~.
qalaman-i
megr.
(masalebi
1983,
`xami
250).
tyavis
Cqimi
babu
fexsacmeli~
Wand
(glexuri
qalamans
tyebiSe
fexsacmeli)
`Cemi
babua
(babuaCemi) keravda qalamans tyavisgan~ (Cveni masala).
megr.
qosala
`fexsacmeli
erTgvari~
(qobalia
2010).
dasturdeba
qarTulSic: qosala [Sdr. spar. gosala ,,boCola~] 1. xbos tyavi, dabaxanaSi
gamoyvanili fexsacmlis sapired. 2. kuTx. (gur.) `sqeli da uxeSi sawuRe
tyavi~ (qegli VII, 1962).
megr.
qoS-i
(Wanturias
`maRalqusliani
arqivi,
#
434).
qoSi
fexsacmeli,
dinaxale
upiratesad
mumoZ na,
mara
saSinao~
kankaleSa
46
sagareoT
xolo
fxvarenT
`qoSi
Sin
gvacvia,
magram
zogjer
gareT
Casacmeladac (sagareodac) vxmarobT~ (Cveni masala).
megr.
RaSia
||
RarSia
||
noRarSia
`cudi
tyavisagan
damzadebuli
fexsacmeli saerTod Zveli, uvargisi~. gale kaloSi mimoZu do dinaxale
RaSia `gareT kaloSi macvia da SigniT _ RaSia~ (qajaia III, 2002).
megr. yayab-i || yayafi (qoSi) `xis Ziriani quslebiani mZime fexsacmeli,
qoSebi (masalebi 1983, 244; kilanava 1998); `qalebis fexsacmeli~ (Waraia
1997).
ioseb
maRalquslian
yayab-i
yifSiZesTan
xis
Zirze~
aris
(yifSiZe
`tyavis
1994).
ZRab
cxviriani
mirule
fexsacmeli
yayabami,
boS
geTxozu nabadami `gogo mirbis qoSiani, biWi misdevs nabdiani~ (qajaia III,
2002). yayaf-i miRebuli aris b-s dayruebiT. yayabi SeiZleba iyos: Jiri
borkami òrfexa~, oTxi borkami òTxfexa~; birkulami `rikulebiani~
(Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. Suz-i || Suzef-i `maRalyeliani zamTris fexsacmeli~. zoTons
maZ na Suzefi `zamTarSi acviaT Suzebi~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. inglisuri
shoes `fexsacmeli, Ceqma~ (sityva SedarebiT axali Semosulia).
megr. Slopancef/b-i `rezinis, TiTgasayreli fexsacmeli~. Slopancefi
kiTiS
miTarRvafali
Cafla
re
`Slopancebi
TiTis
gasayreli
fexsacmeli aris~ (Cveni masala).
megr. Cakaboxu `fexsacmeli~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434). vfiqrobT, is
rTuli sityvaa da SesaZloa daiSalos: Caka da boxu fuZeebad. sityvis
meore Semadgeneli nawili SeiZleba aris `box~ Ziris Semcveli da,
Sesabamisad, Cakaboxu òboxuasaviT didi, braxuna fexsacmeli~.
megr. Ceqma
`Ceqma~ (Waraia 1997). mis Sesaxeb saba wers: Ceqma TurqTa
enaa, qarTulad `mogvi~ hqvian (saba 1993). gvaqvs am Ziridan no- da -ia
afiqsebiT nawarmoebi megr. noCeqmia èrTi ubadruki Ceqma” (qobalia 2010).
qumuRirzafu
Ceqma
do
qimurs
kampaniaSa
`Caucvams
Ceqma
da
midis
qorwilSi~ (Cveni masala).
megr. Cust-i `Custi~; `kaloSisnairad amoRebuli fexsacmeli~ (qalis);
`qalebis fexsacmeli. guli amoRebuli aqvs, feradi tyaviT moqobili,
zogjer
quslic
ukeTdeba~
(masalebi
1983,
244,
249).
Custi
gemuani
madvalari mafu `Custi moxerxebuli (gemrieli) Casacmeli maqvs~ (Cveni
masala).
47
megr. Cxark-i
`Custi, Zveli flostebi~. dasturdeba am Ziridan
no- da
-ia afiqsebiT nawarmoebi megr. noCxarkia `fostlebi, jRanebi, nagdebi
fexsacmeli~ (qobalia 2010). sodgareni miRudu Cxarki do soTini vaorwyeq
`sadRac mqonda Zveli flostebi da versad ver vxedav~ (Cveni masala).
megr. Cxaputia
Cxarki, jRarki, ― quslCakecili wuRa.
igivea, rac
(qajaia III, 2002). irdixaSa Cxaputia mikuZ
masala). Sdr. gur. Cxaputi
`yvelgan Cxaputi udevs~ (Cveni
Zveli uquslo fexsacmeli (Rlonti 1984).
gurulSi Cxaputi zanizmi unda iyos.
megr. carck-i `samefo fexsacmeli, mdidruli~. jveSo mdidarems carcki
maZ des `Zvelad mdidrebs `carcki~ ecvaT~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. rus. цар
`mefe~, e.i. `samefo fexsacmeli~.
megr. ciblik-i `Sverili; xis maRalqusliani qoSebi~ (qobalia 2010).
wuRa
megr.
(qobalia
||
2010);
wuRaz-i
`wuRa;
ùyelo
fexsacmeli~
Semokerebulia). didaq qumuR
maRalyeliani,
(sapire
qusliani
fexsacmeli~
amoRebuli
aqvs,
Ziri
skuas Cani kiTiSi maSxva wuRazefi `dedam
moutana Svils ceri TiTis simsxo wuRebi~ (yifSiZe 1994, 60). wuRis
Sesaxeb iv. javaxiSvili ambobs: `wuRas gamoWridnen fexis zomis mixedviT.
is qvevidan ikereboda. zeviT erTi TiTis sifarTeze iyo ginozekili
(gadayolebuli)
da
silamazis
mizniT
aTasnairad
xanturandes
(moxatavdnen) zogi mwvane ZafiT da zogi sirmiT (masalebi 1983, 243). Sdr.
qarT.
waRa
`maRalyeliani,
qusliani
fexsacmeli~,
svan.
waR-ar-al
`wuRebi~. m. Cuxua am fuZes aRadgens s.qarTvelurSi. kerZod: zan. (megr.)
wuRa
ùyelo
fexsacmeli~,
an
qarT.
dabalyeliani
waRa
fexsacmeli~,
`maRalyeliani,
Wan.
qusliani
wuRa
`Cafula,
fexsacmeli~,
svan.
{waR}, waR-ar-al `wuRebi~. s.qarTv. *waR-a `Casacmeli, fexsacmeli~ →
qarT. waR-a, zan. wuR-a ← *woR-a, svan. waR-ar- l (Cuxua 2000-2003, 355).
megr. wuRa-mest-i wuRis SigniT icvamdnen ara marto windebs, aramed
Txeli tyavisagan Sekeril mestebs (|| mesTebs), aqedan: wuRa-mesti (qajaia
III, 2002).
megr. wuRaziS Cafla `wuRis SigniT Casacmeli saTbura~ (qobalia 2010).
waRa ùZiro fexsacmeli~ (masalebi 1983, 250). ix. laz. wuRa `fexsacmeli~.
48
megr. jurab-i ||
jorab-i
èrTgvari fexsacmeli~ (Cveni masala). Sdr.
spars. Ǐurāb
Ǐur b `winda (rogorc mokle, aseve grZelyeliani)~ (rubinCiki 1983).
dasturdeba TurqulSic: Sdr. Turq. čorap `winda~.
megr. jRark-i igivea, rac Cxark-i, ― `Zveli fexsacmeli (uvargisi),
romelsac ar aqvs saqusari, ― mocilebulia an Cakecili~. jRarkijgura
Cafla mimoZudes `jRani fexsacmeli gvecva~ (qajaia III, 2002). Sdr. raW.
jRark-i jRani~ (beriZe, 1912). javax. jRan-i `Tasmis gamownuli Zveli
qalamani~, jRanai (metsaxelia mamakacisa), jRani-mani `Zvelmani tanisamosi
Tu
fexsacmeli~
(beriZe
1981).
qarT.
jRan-i
1.
gacveTili,
daxeuli
fexsacmeli; 2. gabanduli qalamani. 2. saub. gadat. cudi, uSno ram. (qegli
VIII, 1964).
am jgufSi ganvixilavT: windebs, fexze Semosaxvevebs.
megruli
megr. gamaS-i `Ceqmisa da wuRis mosacmeli~ (eliava 1997). Cveni masalis
mixedviT,
gamaSi
aris
muxlamde
grZeli
windac,
romelic
acviaT
fexburTelebs.
megr. getr-i (frang. guêtre `tyavis an qsovilis sawvive saTburi (samosi)~.
tibu getri mumoZ `Tbili getri macvia~ (Cveni masala).
megr. elastik-i `reituzis msgavsi Casacmeli~. i ZRabis elastiki maZ d
ìm gogos elastiki ecva~ (Cveni masala).
megr. TaT{i}man-i || TaT man-i || kuCxiS-i TaTman-i `TaTmani~, `winda~
(grZeli) `winda-fexsacmeli, fexis TaTmani~ (Waraia 1997; qajaia II, 2002;
Cveni masala). arT TaTmans kvarCxiSe qimibdvanqia èrT windas ukuRma
Cavicvamo~ (xubua 1937, 246). `TaTmani~ SeiZleba iyos sxvadasxva saxis:
aJurn-i TaTman-i `zigzagebiani mokle an grZeli winda~ (Cveni masala).
megr. brezrazmeraS-i TaTman-i `welvadi winda, mokle an grZeli~ (Cveni
masala). Sesityvebis pirveli wevri nasesxebia rusulidan da gaCenilia r
fonema. Sdr. rus. без размера.
49
megr.
saxvevi~
gaqital-i
(qobalia
`Ceqmis
2010).
SigniT
amis
SiSvel
fexze
paralelurad
Semosaxvevi
gvxvdeba
naWrebi,
geq tal-i
megr.
`fexze Semosaxvevi naWeri~ (masalebi 1983, 244). ix. qitua.
megr. godg mil-i TaTman-i ùkan gakerili, xazi, nakeri rom gasdevs
iseTi winda~ (Cveni masala).
megr.
kunta
fexsacmelic,
TaTman-i
upiratesad
`mokle
winda.
naqsovi.
es
Salis
iyo
Taviseburi
saSinao
moqsovil
xalvaT
ZafebiT
windas ZirSi tyavs gamoakerebdnen da xevsuruli TaTebisa da TuSuri
CiTebis msgavsad xmarobdnen~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. nask-i `winda~. ketefiSi dinaxale naski inomiuns `ketebis SigniT
winda maqvs Cayolebuli~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. rus. носок `winda~.
megr. Semux-i || Sumux-i `paiWze gareT idebdnen muxlze. is agreTve
sirmiT iyo gawyobili.~ meore ganmarteba: `muxlze dasadebi (vaJebisTvis)
paWiWis qvemoT;~ moqsovili iyo RarTisagan (masalebi 1983, 243-244).
lazuri
laz. Cafula `fexsacmeli~ da misi fonetikuri variantebi, saerTo
masalis gamo, ganvixileT megrul fexsacmlis saxeobebTan. ix. II qveTavis,
$ 2.
laz. az&&atsk-i àziuri fexsacmeli kacis CeqmasaviT~ (diumezili 2009).
mjveSefes az&atskefe moZites `Zvelebs aziurebi ecvaT~ (Cveni masala). mis
warmomavlobasTan dakavSirebiT ix. megr. aziacki.
laz. baSmayan-i `fexsacmeli erTgvari~. masalaSi miTiTebulia, rom is
TaTrulia (lazuris fondi).
laz.
borCxal-i
èrTgvari
fexsacmeli,
formiT
didi~
(lazuris
fondi).
laz. valink-i `rezinis Ceqma~. man valinki va miRun `me rezinis Ceqma ar
maqvs~ (Cveni masala.). ix megr. valinki.
laz.
Texel-i
`Zroxis
fexis
tyavisagan
gakeTebuli
flostebi~
(Tandilava 2013).
50
laz. Txelamure `Tovlis fexsacmeli, xedeki~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. kaloS-i `kaloSi~ (Sdr. Turq. kaloš) (lazuris fondi). kaloSfoTin-i `kaloSi da fexsacmeli~ (lazuris fondi) || foTini kaloSi ||
kaloSi `kaloSi, rezinis fexsacmeli~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007). si ar kaloSi qomeginjRoni `Sen erTi kaloSi gamogigzavne~
(JRenti 1938, 163). ix. megr. kaloSki.
laz.
kapWin-i
`fexsacmeli~;
`naxevarwinda,
matylisgan
moqsovili~
(Tandilava 2013).
laz. katir-i2 (xof., mari) `qalis fexsacmeli, romelsac patarZals
Cuqnida dedamTili~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. lastik-i (Cxal.) || lastiR-i (furt.) `kaloSi~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007). mWimas-Si lastiki moidvaminon `Tu iwvimebs,
kaloSs Cavicvam~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. Turq. lastik `rezini, rezinisa~.
laz. mesT-i || mest-i. am sityvis ramdenime ganmarteba gvaqvs mocemuli: 1)
`yeliani fexsacmeli wuRis qveS Casacmeli~ (Cveni masala) 2) Cafula
―`tyavis Custi~ (lazuris fondi); 3) ùZiro wuRa~. badefeq zamanis mesTi
muidumetes `moxucebi Zvelad uZiro wuRas icvamdnen~ (Tandilava 2013).
Sdr. arab.-Turq. mest. ix. megr. mesti.
laz. mid-i `flosti~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz.
nalin-i
`xis
qoSi~
(Sdr.
arab.-Turq.
nalin)
(Tandilava
2013).
naliniTe goulu `qoSiT davdivar~ (kartozia 1972, 216).
laz.
nalCon-i
`nalini~
(fexsacmeli).
es
sityva
warmoqmnilia,
nawarmoebia Turq. Turq. nalca-dan -on sufiqsis meSveobiT.
laz. papuw-i `saxlSi fexze Casacmeli, romelsac ukana mxare ara aqvs,
flosti~, `Custi~ (Sdr. Turq.-spars. pabuč) (Tandilava 2013). wkais meÁtuSi,
papuwi
qodolalu
`wyalSi
rom
gadioda,
flosti
(qoSi)
Cauvarda~
(JRenti 1972, 134).
laz. safoR-i `Ceqma~ || safoxi `Ceqma~ (Tandilava 2013). aÁa
koCis
safoRefe moZin ìm kacs Ceqmebi acvia~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. rus. сапог.
51
laz. uZiru `fexze Casacmeli yeliani Custi, romelsac ZirSi tyavi ara
aqvs~ (Tandilava 2013). nawarmoebia Zir- fuZeze uqonlobis u- afiqsis
darTviT.
laz. foTin-i `fexsacmeli~ (Sdr. amave mniSvnelobis frang. bottin).
kuCxes foTini qomuidu `fexze tuflebi Caicva~ (Ciqobava 1929, 7).
laz.
fosTal-i || fostal-i `wuRa~ (Tandilava 2013). boSine fostali
mo biwuf `tyuilad wuRas nu xev!~ (Ciqobava 1929, 134).
laz. qalman < qalaman || qelman-i (mari 1910). qarT. qalaman-i || gur.
qalaban-i
(Ciqobava
(JRenti
1929,
1936,
96).
24).
qalamani
samecniero
qomovidviT
literaturaSi
`qalamani
qarT.
CavicviT~
qalaman-i
Sedarebulia os. gala || galatæ `fexsacmeli~ (abaevi 1958, 507).
laz. qontra `fexsacmeli~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007) ||
qonTra `yeliani fexsacmeli~ (Tandilava 2013). qonTraSi nokuCxeni letas
qogÁoxen `batinkis nafexuri miwas amCnevia~ (Ciqobava 1936, 140). Sdr. megr.
kondra `mamakacTa xis qoSi~ (qajaia II, 2002).
laz. Castara `flostebi~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. Cizme || Cize `Ceqma, waRa~ (Sdr. Turq. čizme) (lazuris fondi). ar
eheri, arTi baba muSiSi Cizme wutelas qodosqidu èrTi unagiri, erTic
mamamisis
Ceqma
umcross
daurCa~
(yifSiZe
1994,
56).
lazurSi
am
mniSnelobiT Ceqmac dasturdeba (Cveni masala).
laz. xedek-i || xedik-i `Tovlze sasiarulo Txilamuri~ (Tandilava
2013). amave mniSneleobiT gvaqvs: Txilamure (Cveni masala).
laz. wang-i (berZn.) `qalis yeliani fexsacmeli~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. wuRa || wuRazi `maRalyeliani, qusliani fexsacmeli”. kuCxe wuRas
meSamaleri miRutu `fexi CustebSi Seyofili mqonda~ (Ciqobava 1936, 73). am
fuZis Sesaxeb ix. megr. wuRa.
amave jgufSi ganvixilavT windebs.
lazuri
laz. TiTxu winek-i `Txeli winda~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. TozloRan-i `matylis winda muxlebamde~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. kapWin-i `naxevarwinda, matylisgan moqsovili~ (Tandilava 2013).
52
laz. kuCxeS-i motkuS-i `paWanaki~ (Cveni masala). zedmiwevniT niSnavs
fexis mosartymels.
laz. nask-i `winda~. es sityva qarTulis meSveobiT aris rusulidan
Semosuli
(lazuris
fondi).
sainteresoa,
rom
erT-erTi
mTqmelis
gadmocemiT, windebze qsovisas gamosaxavdnen sxvadasxva saxis dekorebs.
laz. winek-i || windeq-i || wineq-i `winda~ (Tandilava 2013, lazuris
fondi). kapiner-kapineri oxoiSa moxTu do kuCxes wineki moiwku `sirbilsirbiliT saxlSi movida da fexze winda gaiZro~ (JRenti 1938, 32).
es qveTavi exeba fexsamoss. is moicavs: fexsacmelsa da windebs. saerTo
principidan gamomdinare, aRiwera da gaanalizda zogadi da konkretuli
saxelebi.
zogadi
saxelebi
warmoqmnili
saxelebia,
saerToqarTveluri fuZisagan: qarT. dev- || dv- || d-
nawarmoebi
`deba~ : megr. dv- || d- :
laz. dv- || d-. masala mravalferovania. xolo konkretul saxelebSi
gamovlinda sakuTriv megrul-lazuri, saerToqarTveluri da nasesxebi
leqsika. struqturuli TvalsazrisiT: martivi da rTuli.
2) fexsamosi formis mixedviT
am jgufSi ganvixilavT: fexsacmlis moyvanilobas, Ziris formas.
megruli
gvigval-i niCvam-i (Cafla) `msxvilcxvira fexsacmeli~; gvegveria niCvam-i
(Cafla) ìd.~; wvandam-i || wkventam-i Caf la `wvetiani fexsacmeli~; niCvam-i
(Caf la) ùSno cxviriani fexsacmeli~; lafarTia (Caf la) `farTo, uSnod
didi~ (Cveni masala); Wife qurami (Caf la) `wvrilqusliani fexsacmeli~;
Sxu qurami (Caf la) `msxvilqusliani fexsacmeli~; oTxkunTxuri qurami
(Caf la) òTxkuTxa quslis mqone fexsacmeli~; labartyia qurami (Caf la)
`brtyelZira
fexsacmeli~;
fexsacmeli~; uquro Caf la
qurami
(Cafla)
(||
madvalari)
`qusliani
ùquslo fexsacmeli~ (Cveni masala).
53
lazuri
laz. quolon-i modvalu `qusliani fexsacmeli~ (Cveni masala). amave
mniSvnelobiT:
laz.
quron-i
`qusliani~
(Tandilava
2013).
quroni
nawarmoebia laz. qur- `qusli~ sityvisagan –on sufiqsis meSveobiT.
laz. alwa || axom-i `fexsacmlis forma~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi,
aleqsiva 2007).
III qveTavi
Tavsaburavi
Tavsaburavi samoslis erT-erTi Semadgeneli nawilia. am semantikur
jgufSi SeiZleba gamoiyos
elementTa
konkretuli
zogadi da kerZo – am jgufSi Semaval
saxelwodebani.
struqturuli
TvalsazrisiT,
gvaqvs: martivi, nawarmoebi, rTuli, kerZod, erT-, or-, samkomponentiani
erTeulebi an Sesityvebani.
TavsaburavSi gamoiyo Semdegi ZiriTadi jgufebi:
$ 1. Tavsaburavis aRmniSvneli zogadi terminebi
megruli
megr. awarTumalar-i `Sublze Camosafxati~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. gaxvaxval-i || dudiS-i gaxvaxval-i (ga-xvaxv-al-i) `Tavis Sesakravi,
Semosaxvevi~. Cxuruq ma u do mudgaini dudiSi gaxvaxvali dobgore oko
`Semcivda (sicive meqna) da raime Tavis Sesaxvevi unda movZebno~ (Cveni
masala). warmoebiT mimReobaa, megr. xvax- `SefuTva, Semoxveva~ Zirisagan
miRebuli.
megr.
giorTumalar-i
(gi-o-rT-um-al-ar-i)
||
dudiS-i
giorTumalar-i
`Tavsaburavi~ (nebismieri saxis). dudiSi giorTumalari vaiRuno muTuni,
muWo re gilurquni `Tavze dasafarebeli ara gaqvs raime, rogor aris,
rom dadixar?~ (Cveni masala). mocemuli sityva nawarmoebia gerTumala
54
`dafareba~,
`daxurva~
zmnisagan
o-
da
-ar
mawarmoebeli
afiqsebis
meSveobiT. paralelurad amave mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba Sesityveba dudiS-i
giorTumalar-i zedmiw. `Tavis dasafarebeli, dasaxuri~ (eliava 1997) ||
megr.
obural-i
(o-bur-al-i)
`{da}saburavi~
(gamoxatavs
daniSnulebas,
miRebulia bur-Zirisagan o- da –al afiqsebis darTviT) || megr. gioqunal-i
`dasaxuravi~ (qajaia II, 2002).
megr. giotatafal-i (gi-o-tat-af-al-i) || dudiS-i giotatafal-i `Tavze
msubuqad dasaxuri, dasafarebeli~. dudiS giotatafali qomuCi mudgaini
`Tavze dasafarebeli momeci raime~ (Cveni masala). esec daniSnulebis
saxelia,
nawarmoebia
megr.
tatua
`cacuni,
TaTuni~
zmnisagan,
e.
i.
`msubuqad Sexeba~.
megr. dudiS-i gioxuafal-i (gi-o-xu-af-al-i) `Tavze Camosamxobi~ (Cveni
masala).
daniSnulebis
saxelia,
nawarmoebia
megr.
xuafa
`damxoba~
zmnisagan. warmoebiT mimReobaa.
megr. dudiS-i gio oTamal-i (gi-o- oT-am-al-i) `Tavze mosagdebi~ (Cveni
masala). daniSnulebis saxelia, miRebuli oTama `gdeba~ masdarisagan.
megr.
ki/k nakiral-i
wasakravi~.
(kina-kir-al-i)
||
dudiS-i
ki/k nakiral-i
`Tavze
aka dudiSi kinakirali vamapalu èrTi Tavze wasakravi ar
mabadia (momepoveba)~ (Cveni masala). daniSnulebis saxelia, nawarmoebia
megr. kirua `Sekvra~ zmnisagan. warmoebiT mimReobaa.
lazuri
laz. goTvalu (go-Tv-al-u) || moTvalu (mo-Tv-al-u) || moTvaluS-i (mo-Tval-u-S-i) || TiSi g&&oTumale `Tavze dasaxuravi~ (Ciqobava 1929, 150); || Tis
eÁoTvala || Tis eJoTvalu `Tavsaxuravi~ (amse, Taini 2004). yvela es
leqsikuri erTeuli nawarmoebia daxurvis aRmniSvnel lazur Tv-Zirze
sxvadasxva zmniswinis darTviT.
$ 2. Tavsaburavis aRmniSvneli konkretuli terminebi
55
am semantikur jgufSi gamoiyofa ori qvejgufi: 1) Tavsafari da 2) qudi.
1) Tavsafari da misi saxeobani
megruli
megr. aramcelia igivea, rac gagurjela, ― qalTa Tavsaburavis nawili,
rgoli, leCaqTan rom ixmareboda, ― Cixti, Cixta (qajaia IV, 2009).
WanturiasTan aris: gagurjela = aramcelia = Cixtikopi asali `cxenis
zurgze gadasafarebeli qsovili~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. gagurjela || gargujela || gaurjela || gagurj la (masalebi 1983,
244) || gagurkla (yifSiZe 1994); `gvirgvini; Cixtikopi, qalebis Tavsaburavi~.
qalebi
kakulars
zeviT
ixuravdnen
sirmiT
gawyobil
gagurjelas;
moqsovili iyo abreSumisagan, foCebiani (`CxviCxvami~). Tavmomwone vaJebi
kiserze ikeTebdnen (yelze Semosaxvevi kaSnesaviT) (masalebi 1983, 244).
Sdr. kakula `kavebi~ (qajaia II, 2002; masalebi 1983, 244). || gaguja `leCaqis
msgavsi~ (masalebi 1983, 248). gargunjela `gvirgvini, grexili~, gargunjia
`wnuli gvirgvini, erTmaneTSi Cawnuli da rgolad Sekruli ram. Sdr.
gargunjua `daxveva, gvirgvinad Sekvra~ (qobalia 2010). swored am zmnidan
unda iyos nawarmoebi gargunjela. Sdr. (raW.) gaurjila/e-&,
gorjela
`Cixtikopis samkauli~ || gegel-gorjela `Cixtikopi~ (beriZe 1912).
megr. daraia 1. àbreSumis Tavmosasxami~ (makalaTia 1941, 21) àbreSumis
qsovili~ (yifSiZe 1994).
5iya
m. andronikaSvilis azriT, megr. daraia ← qarT. ← spars. dar5
àbreSumis qsovili~ (andronikaSvili 1966, 205).
megr. elamorsa èrTgvari Tavsafari~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434). am
fuZeSi xom ar SeiZleba gamoiyos `Semosvis~ aRmiSvneli megr. mors- Ziri?
megr.
TavSal-i
SesaZloa,
(martv.)
qarTulidan
`TavSali,
aris
Sesuli.
didi
qarT.
Tavsafari~
TavSal-i
(Cveni
←
masala).
Tavi
Sali
(Tofuria 1971, 107).
megr.
kakular-i,
kakula
`kavebi~;
`kavebiani
Cixta
(qalebis
Tavze
dasaxuravi (masalebi 1983, 242). Sdr. kakular-i `Cixti~ (qobalia 2010).
Sdr. kakul-i `kululi, kavi (Tmisa), kakularze (Cixtze) Camosakidebeli
56
flurebi~
(qobalia
2010).
kakular-i
SeiZleba
nawarmoebi
iyos
megr.
kakula `kavebi~ || kakul-i `kululi, kavi (Tmisa)~ formisagan.
megr.-laz. kasinka `patara Tavsafari~. dus skvami kasinka giorTudu
`Tavze
lamazi
patara
Tavsafari
exura~
(Cveni
masala).
nasesxebia
rusulidan.
megr.
lakolka
`koWis
ZafiT,
rifsiT
naqsovi
patara
samkuTxa
Tavsafari, romelsac CxviCxvebiT `baxramiT~ amSvenebdnen~ (rus.) (qobalia
2010).
megr. leCeq-i || leqeC-i `leCaqi~ (Waraia 1997; yifSiZe 1994). jveSo
osurems leCeqi giorTudes dus `Zvelad qalebs leCaqi exuraT Tavze~
(Cveni masala). rogorc iv. javaxiSvili aRniSnavs, Txeli narmisgan iyo
Sekerili, karg, Tavmomwone qalebs hqondaT (masalebi 1983, 244). es leqsema
dasturdeba
leCaq-i
qarTulSi:
1)
`qarTuli
Tavsaburavi
qalisa,
abreSumis wminda badisebri qsovili, ixuraven Cixti-kopTan an baRdadTan
erTad~ (qegli IV, 1955). gurulSi gvxvdeba laCaq-i formiT (SaraSiZe 1938).
mocemuli
sityvis
Sesaxeb
samecniero
literaturaSi
arsebobs
5č5k,
Sexeduleba, rom leCaq-i momdinareobs sparsulidan, Sdr. spars. l5
5k,
dasturdeba azerbaijanulSi lečček da TurqulSi
lečček (qavTaraZe 1964, 252,
318).
iv. javaxiSvili am sityvis Sesaxeb wers: `leCaqi kubastia, dedaTa
Tavsaburavi~
`samosels,
l qvem
(saba).
es
tanisamoss
Sedgenilia
termini
niSnavs,
sa-s
ZvelisZveli
l qvem
ki
iyos.
wamosasxams
l -
gamomxatveli
unda
svan
hqvia.
TavsarTisa
da
l Ceqv
rogorc
mosvis
aRmniSvneli qvem- Zirisagan, iseve l Ceqvic imave formantisa da CeqvZirisa, Tu fuZisagan unda iyos Semdgari~ (masalebi 1983, 134, 135).
megr. maska `niRabi~. maxins maska enoZed
`qurds niRabi ekeTe Turme~
(Cveni masala). qarT. maska `niRabi~ (laT. mascha, rusuli enis meSveobiT)
(qegli V, 1958).
megr.
omorgualo
samorgualo
qica
(o-mo-rgu-al-o)
(sa-mo-rgu-al-o)
||
orgaSe
qica
||
omorguale
(o-rg-aS-e)
||
(o-mo-rg-u-al-e)
`samgloviaro Tavsafari~ (sada -o afiqsebiT nawarmoebi). omorguale
qicas arT wanas iSen girTvana `samgloviaro Tavsafars erT wels mainc
57
ifareben~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. gargueba `maradi glova, glovas gadayola;
uSvilZirod darCenili mgloviare, romelic mTeli sicocxle atarebs
Savs,
glovas
gadayolili~
(qobalia
2010).
mocemuli
erTeulebi
warmoqmnili saxelebia, nawarmoebia megruli rguala `glova~ zmnisagan
o-o (o-mo-rgu-al-o), sa-o (sa-mo-rgu-al-o) prefiqs-sufiqsiT, xolo o-rgaS-e
formaSi
naTesaobiTi
SeiZleba
brunvis
gamoiyos
niSani.
o-e
amdenad,
daniSnulebis
orgaSe
afiqsi
zedmiwevniT
da
-S
niSnavs
`glovisa~.
sagurguno
megr.
(sa-gurgun-o)
`saqorwilo
fata,
sagvirgvino~
(Wanturias arqivi, # 434). warmoqmnili sityvaa, nawarmoebia megr. gurgin`gvirgvini~ fuZisagan sa-o daniSnulebis afiqsiT.
fata
megr.
`fata~.
kampanias
moWyudu
fatas
girTvand
patarZali fatas ifarebda~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. laz. fata ||
`qorwilSi
ata.
megr. foCvam-i qica || foCoCam-i qica `foCebiani Tavsafari~. Cqimi ZRabiq
momiR
foCvami qica `Cemma gogom momitana foCebiani Tavsafari~ (Cveni
masala). foCvam-i, foCoCam-i warmoqmnili sityvebia, sadac –am raRacis
mqoneblobas gamoxatavs.
megr. qica `leCaqi~; `mandili~ (Waraia 1997); `leCaqi~ (yifSiZe 1994);
`leCaqi~; `mandili~ `Tavsafari~; `Txeli Tavsakravi; qalebis Tavsaxuravi
Txlad naqsovi~ (masalebi 1983, 241). gvaqvs misgan no- da –ia afiqsebiT
nawarmoebi noqicia ùbralo, Zveli Tavsafari~ (Cveni masala).
a. Wanturia megr. `qicas~ or saxes gamoyofs: 1) qica umoso sumi
kunTxuri re `Tavsafari metwilad samkuTxaa~. 2) qica ganiSi `Tavsakravi
ganis~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
garda amisa, formis mixedviT, Tavsafari SeiZleba iyos: sumkunTxur-i
`samkuTxa~,
agreTve
wkventur-i
||
wvetur-i
caxoc-i
`patara
samwvera
Tavsafari, TavSalisgan gansxvavebiT, mas SublTan gainaskvaven (igivea,
rac WiWe qica)~ (qobalia 2010). nawarmoebia w(k)vet fuZeze –ur sufiqsis
darTviT.
megrulSi aseve gvxvdeba Tavsafris Semdegi saxeebi:
megr. oTxkunTxur-i òTxkuTxa~. (Cveni masala).
58
megr. salafarTo (sa-la-farT-o) || olafarTe (o-la-farT-e) `grZeli da
farTo Tavsafari~ (Cveni masala). mocemuli erTeulebi daniSnulebis
saxelebia, nawarmoebia megr. farT(o) `farTo~ fuZisagan sa-o da o-e
afiqsebiT.
megr. salabo qica `grZeli oTxkuTxa (SedarebiT viwro)~ (Cveni masala).
agebulebiT warmoqmnili Cans, sa-o daniSnulebis mawarmoebeli unda iyos.
megr. yruJaoam-i || yurJaoam-i || kruJaoam-i qica `maqmaniani Tavsafari~
(Cveni masala). Sesityvebis pirveli wevri nasexebia rusulidan. Sdr. rus.
кружево `maqmani, arSia~.
megr. Raz-i 1) `Salis msxvili ZafiT moqsovili qalis Tavsaburavi~,
`Razli~; 2) `xazi~. Razl-i, Razla, `Razli~, `matylis mkedi sxÂli~ (saba),
Sdr.
Razl-i
gur.
`matylis
Zafi~
`Salis
(koberiZe
Tavsaburavi~
2011,
81).
(Rlonti
maSasadame,
1984).
aWar.
megrulSic,
Razla
rogorc
qarTulis masalam gviCvena, Raz-i Zafis saxeoba iyo da, Sesabamisad,
masalis saxelwodebam gansazRvra sagnis saxeldeba.
qarT.
Razl-s
arab.
ğazl
`rTva,
narTi~
ukavSirebs
g.
wereTeli
(wereTeli 1951).
megr. yaraoz-i èlamorsas meore saxeli~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. SarSab-i àbreSumis Tavsafari~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434). ix. laz.
CarCab-i.
megr. caxorc-i `Tavsaxuravi Txeli rame~ (Waraia 1997). caxorc-i ||
caxoc-i (martv.) `Tavsafari~. osuriSi caxorciT Jirxolo Toli guuTel
`qalis TavsafriT orive Tvali gaumTela~ (yifSiZe 1994, 44). imerul
dialeqtSi dasturdeba cicaxoc-i `Tavsafari~, romelic o. kaxiZis azriT,
megruli caxorc-i || caxoc-isagan momdinareobs (kaxaZe 1997, 93 ). is
gvxvdeba
sxva
uskudaris
dialeqtebSic.
caxoci
`Talxi
Sdr.
feris
aWar.
msubuqi
caxoc-i
`Tavsafari~.
Tavsafari.
gur.
stambolidan
SemohqondaT guriaSi (uskudari stambolis aziuri nawilis erTi ubania)~
(SaraSiZe 1938). megrulSic dasturdeba usqudari, romelsac a. qobalia
ganmartavs, rogorc gaunaskvavad dasaxur daraias, cxvirsaxocs (qobalia
2010).
megr.
qalebis
usqudars
feradi
a.
Wanturia
Tavsaxuri,
Zalian
ganmartavs,
lamazi
da
rogorc
àxalgazrda
Zvirfasi~
(Wanturias
arqivi, # 434).
59
megrulSi mandili uSualod Tavsafris aRmniSvnelad ar gvxvdeba,
magram gvaqvs misgan nawarmoebi fuZe: megr. madilosan-i || mad losan-i
`mandilosani~.
CxiCxvel-i
megr.
qica
`Semouqobavi
Tavsafari~.
CxviCxveli
qicas
omorgualeT girTvana `Semouqobav Tavsafars samgloviarod ifareben~
(Cveni
masala).
(samegreloSi
samgloviaro
Semouqobav
Savi
qsovilis
naWers kacebic waikravdnen Tavze didi mwuxarebis niSnad. samegreloSi
es wesi zogan dResac cocxalia).
mTqmelebis gadmocemiT, mgloviarobis niSnad kacebi pijakze marcxena
mxares sayeloze jibesTan axlos miikerebdnen Sav qsovils, ZiriTadad
samgloviaro
saerTod
tansacmlis
samgloviaro
nawils.
kabis
qalebi
gareT
ki
rac
paltoze
ecvaT,
imaze
garedan,
an
zonariviT,
daaxloebiT 20 santimetris siganis qsovils daikerebdnen. samgloviarod
aucileblad ikeravdnen kabas, Tu Zalian `sanwaro~ `samwaro~ iyo, ar
Semoqobavdnen arc fesvze, arc mklavze. samgloviaro periodis gasvlis
Semdeg
samgloviaro
samgloviaro
tanisamoss
tansacmeli
Zalian
wyals
gaatandnen,
ubralo
an
dawvavdnen.
qsovilisgan
ikereboda,
ZiriTadad satina. es wesi axla farTod gavrcelebuli ar aris, magram
zogi am wess axlac icavs. didi mwuxarebis niSnad kacebic icvamdnen
Semouqobav perangs. qalebi waikravdnen patara Tavsafars ise, rom Subli
ar gamoCeniliyo, garedan, zemodan ki did Tavsafars gadaifarebdnen.
megr. Sal-i `TavSali, didi Tavsafari~. i dedibis dus tibu Sali
giorTudu ìm moxucs Tavze Tbili TavSali efara~ (Cveni masala). Sdr.
Sal-i `qsovilis saxeli~, romelsac d. CubinaSvili sparsulad miiCnevs
(CubinaSvili 1961).
megr. Sarf-i `Sarfi~. arTi Sarfiq memewon, mara faraq vambaR do
vama idir èrTi Sarfi momewona, magram fuli ar meyo da ver viyide~
(Cveni masala). Cveneburebis qarTulSi dasturdeba Sarfa (Turq. šarpa)
(futkaraZe 1993, 627). ix. laz. Sar i.
aqve gavaerTianebT kaSnesac.
megr. kaSn-i `kaSne~. kisers Cxuruq ma u do kaSni qigTibdvi `yelze
Semcivda (sicive meqna) da kaSne Semovixvie (Semovide)~ (Cveni masala).
60
megr. kiseriS-i giTakiral-i || g Takiral-i `yelze mosaxvevi~ || kiseriS-i
giTadvalar-i//g Tadvalar-i zedmiw. `yelze mosadebi~.
lazuri
laz. duaR-i || duvaR-i `patarZlis Tavsaburavi~. duaRi noRamisaSi
moTumale ren `duaRi patarZlis Tavsaburavi aris~ (Cveni masala). Sdr.
aWar. dvaR-i ← duvak `sadedoflo Sarfi~ (niJaraZe 1975, 21).
laz.
vala
ìgivea,
rac
kazi,
dedoflebi
ixuraven~
(vaniliSi,
Tandilava 1984, 79). mufer nomsqun satina-kala vala `rogor Svenis
satinasTan vala~ (yifSiZe 1994, 47).
laz.
Tabla
(viw.-arq.)
`Cixtikopi;
`qalis
Tavsaxuravi,
mrgvali
moyvanilobis, irgvliv mibmulia oqros monetebi~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. TavSal-i `TavSali~ (Cveni masala). ix. megr. TavSali.
laz. Tis golakiuS-i || golakiuS-i `Tavze wasakravi~ (Cveni masala).
Sdr. qarT. Tavsakravi.
laz.
Ti
moJakiuS-i
`Tavze
mosaxvevi~
(Cveni
masala).
Sdr.
qarT.
Tavmosaxvevi.
laz. kaz-i `Tavsafari, pirbadesaviT~. Sdr. Turq. kaz. ← frang. gaz.
rogorc a. Tandilavas azriT, kazi èrTgvari maRali xarisxis qsovilis
saxelia, romelsac wamoaxuraven dedogfals~ (vaniliSi, Tandilava 1984,
79). noRamisas
mogolafanSi kazi `dedofals rom mogafareben kazs~
(JRenti 1938, 168).
laz. mandil-i `qalis Tavsafari~. qCe mandilis qCe bedali godveri, mo
memaSkum
guris
qva
dolobReri
`TeTr
mandilze
TeTri
arSia
Semovlebuli, ar damtovo gulSi qvaCayrili~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007). ix. megr. mandil-i.
laz. mgaaS-i (moTvaluS-i) `samgloviaro~ (zedmiw. `tirilis Tavsafari~)
(naTesaobiTi brunvis –Si niSniT nawarmoebi).
laz.
mendil-i
`mandili~.
Sdr.
(Turq.
mendil
←
arab.
mindil
`pirsaburavi~; `xelsaxoci~ (masalebi 1983, 249).
61
laz. moTvalu || moTumale || moTvaluS-i || Ti-moTvaluS-i || TiS-moTvalu
|| moTumuS-i || Ti-moTvalon-i || TiSTimale `Tavsaburavi zogadad~ (Cveni
masala). amaTgan moTumale martivi fuZea, xolo moTvaluS-i || moTumuS-i
naTesaobiTi brunvis –Si niSniT aris nawarmoebi da
zedmiw. niSnavs
`Tavsaburavisa~.
muJvokirale `Tavsafari~ (Tandilava 2013). nawarmoebi sityvaa
laz.
Sekvris aRmniSvneli lazuri kir- Ziridan zmniswinisa da –al da –e
sufiqsebis darTviT.
laz. mSal-i `TavSali~ (Tandilava 2013). igive Ziria, rac Sal- fuZeSi
gvaqvs, oRond lazurSi sityvis TavSi gaCenilia m.
laz. fata ||
ata `fata~. ix. megr. fata.
laz. ferde `Cadri~; es sityva sparsulia, Tumca lazurSi nasexebia
Turqulidan. Sdr. spars.-Turq. perde `farda~. Cadris semantika sakuTriv
lazurSi unda iyos ganviTarebuli.
laz. feCe `fata~ (Cveni masala); `saxeze Camosafarebeli~ (Tandilava
2013). noRameq xamiTe feCe elawkams `saqmro daniT saxeze Camosafarebels
axsnis~ (JRenti 1938, 30). dasturdeba aWarulSic. Sdr. Turq. peče `pirbade~
(koberiZe 2011, 30).
laz. SaTx-i `Salisagan xelovnurad moqsovili Tavsaburi~ (Tandilava
2013).
laz. Sarф-i `Sarfi~ (lazuris fondi). ma arTi TiSi Sarфi var miRunÁa `me erTi Tavze dasaxuri Tavsafari ar maqvso~ (Ciqobava 1936, 15). Sdr.
Turq. šarpa `Tavsaburi~. swored Turqulidan aris Semosuli lazurSi.
ix. megr. Sarf-i.
Cadris mniSvnelobiT lazurSi gvaqvs ramdenime sityva:
laz. Cadr-i `Cadri~. Sdr. qarT. Cadr-i ← spars. Cadir `zewari~, spars.
Cadre
||
Cador
fexebamde
`farTo
sparsTa
dasturdeba
erTferovani
qalebi~
TurqulSic
da
wasaburavi,
(andronikaSvili
lazurSi
romelSic
1966,
Turqulidan
527);
ifarebian
es
SeiZleba
sityva
iyos
SeTvisebuli.
laz. CarCab `Cadri, pirbade~ (vaniliSi, Tandilava, 1984, 115) || CarSa -i ||
CarSaf-i
`Cadri,
qalis
saburavi
(muslimanuri~
(spars.-Turq.
Caršaf).
62
CarSa i moTvaleri ar oxorja nitu `Cadrmoxuruli erTi qali midioda~
(Tandilava 2013).
laz. xanjula `moxuci qalebis Tavsaburi~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz.
xase
saxuravi),
||
xasa
masala~
`Tavsafari
erTgvari~
(Tandilava
2013).
||
xase
homomfinu
`dolbandi
xase
(Tavze
`gadamafara
dolbandi~ (kartozia 1972, 143). Sdr. aWar. xas-i arab. `salocavi, fardagi~
(koberiZe 2011, 89); javax. xas-i 1) `Zvirfasi, saukeTeso xarisxisa, rCeuli
qsovili~; 2) `moqnili, rbili, adviladD wevadi~ (beriZe 1981, 175).
laz. hijab-i (arab.) `Cadri, romelic mTlianad faravs saxes~ (Cveni
masala).
laz. Áazma || aÁazma (Turq. yazma) `Tavsafari~. erT-erTi mTqmelis
ganmartebiT,
es
erTgvari
pirbadec
iyo.
Áazma
moTvalei
nulun
`TavsafriT dadis~ (Cveni masala).
laz. ÁaluR-i (aTin.) || ÁaRluR-i (furt.) `Tavsafari~. ÁaluRi dudis
qeinkoru `Tavsafari Tavze waikra~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva
2007).
1) qudi da misi saxeebi
megruli
megr. qud-i `qudi~; `qudi, Tavsaburavi~ (Waraia 1997). qarT. qud-i ← Zv.
spars.
xauda (andronikaSvili
1966,
196).
m.
Cuxua
ar
iziarebs
am
Tvalsazriss da miaCnia, rom qarT. qudi nasesxebia naxur enaTa qud- -sgan.
Sdr. bacb. qud ← qud- (Cuxua 2008).
megr. boxox-i, boxoxia `boxoxi, cxvris tyavis qudi~. ducu giorTu
boxoxia
`Tavze
axuravs
boxoxi~
(qajaia
I,
2001).
boxox-i
qud-i
–
ikereboda batknis tyavisagan (masalebi 1983, 241). Cveneburebis qarTulSic
gvxvdeba boxox-i `cxvris tyavis qudi~ (futkaraZe 1993, 403).
megrulSi gvaqvs sityva qudis Semcveli Sesityvebani:
megr. bowowam-i qud-i || bowowiS-i qud-i `bewviani qudi~ (Cveni masala).
Sdr. megr. boworia `grZelbewviani~.
63
megr. boxoxiaS-i || buxariS-i qud-i `buxris qudi~, `cxvris tyavis qudi~
(yifSiZe 1994). Sdr. qarT. buxris qud-i `kravelis qudi, saerTod cxvris
tyavis qudi~ (qegli I, 2008).
megr.
konwolam
qudi
`wvetiani,
kunkuliani
qudi~
(megr.
konwol-i
`kunwuli, Tmis kululi; lolua (yinulisa), cacxvisa da sxvaTa nayofi,
wawvetebuli ram, wvetiani~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. kraveliS qud-i `kravelis qudi~. Sdr. TuS. kravel-i `batknis
matyli~ (cocaniZe 2012).
megr. nabadiaS-i qud-i `nabdis qudi~ (qajaia II, 2002).
megr. tetiaS-i qud-i `tetiis qudi~ (qajaia III, 2002).
megr. Sonur-i qud-i `svanuri qudi~ (qajaia III, 2002).
megr. farTxvaia qud-i `farTxuna qudi~ (qajaia III, 2002).
megr. montyoriS-i qud-i `matylis Tbili qudi~ (Cveni masala).
megr. WiliS-i qud-i || WoliS-i qud-i `Wilis qudi~ (Cveni masala).
megr. uSanka qud-i
`zamTris Tbili qudi, yurebiani~ (Cveni masala).
Sesityvebis pirveli wevri nasexebia rusulidan.
megr. baSlayu (masalebi 1983, 248) || baSlayv-i || baSlay
|| baSჲ
ჲa u
`yabalaxi, baSlayvi~ (qajaia I, 2001), dasturdeba i. yifSiZesTanac da
miuTiTebs, rom Turqulia. a. qobaliasTan gvxvdeba baSlay-i `yabalaxi,
Cabalaxi;
meomris
jaWvis
qudi,
muzaradi,
Tavsarqmeli
sazogadod~
(qobalia 2010). || baSiliy-i (baSiay) `yabalaxi~ (eliava 1997). || baSlayu
ìribulad
gamoWrili
Tavsaxuri
qalebisTvis
cxeniT
mgzavrobisas
saxmari~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434). note ginmorTinuas... vara qviSor
baSlayuo `netavi gadamaqcia... qviSisfer yabalaxad~ (samuSia 1971, 99).
TuSuri baSlaÃa
`baSliyi ― Teqaze mokerebuli wvetiani Tavsafari
avdarSi gadmosafareblad~ (cocaniZe 2012). z. aWar. yabalax-i, qv. aWar.
baSluR-i (koberiZe 2011, 26).
megr. beret-i èrTgvari maRali qudi~. Cqimi boSis goRa bereti muRi
do Zams mowons `Cems biWs guSin bereti movutane da Zalian moswons~
(Cveni masala). Sdr qarT. beret-i [it. beretta `brtyeli qudi~] `mrgvali,
usaCrdilo (ufarflo) rbili qudi (Cveulebriv, qalisa)~ (qegli I, 2008).
megr. gurgin-i `gvirgvini~. nagurgina `jvardanaweri, gvirgvinnakurTxi,
saqorwino; gvirginosani~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr. megr. gurgin-i `kefaze
64
wertili, saidanac Tma wriulad lagdeba Tavze~ (qobalia 2010). ix. megr.
sagurguno.
megr. kepka `kepi~. kepka CxanaSi giorTumalaro Zam jgiri qore `kepi
mzeze dasafareblad Zalianac kargi aris~ (Cveni masala).
megr. oCxanie || saCxanio || CxanaS-i qud-i `mzis qudi~ (o- -e, sa- -o da
naTesaobiTi brunvis –Si niSniT nawarmoebi). gagania Cxanas saCxanio
qudiS umSo veglerTe `papanaqeba mzeSi mzis qudis gareSe ar SeiZleba
siaruli (ar gaivleba)~ (Cveni masala).
megr. tatuc-i `fafanaki~ - Zvelad keravdnen tyavisagan, rgvlad iyo
amoWrili
da
Tavze
exuraT
(giotatudes);
rom
ar
Camovardniliyo,
sayelos ukeTebdnen (masalebi 1983, 244).
megr.
fayu
`qudi,
Tavsaburavi~
(qajaia
III,
literaturaSi aris aseTi dakavSireba: svan. fay
2002).
samecniero
`qudi~, megr. fay-
(gefayu) `qudi devs~, Wemguuri f 6 , yabard. pué (janaSia 1959, 112).
megr.
yabalax-i
`yabalaxi~.
jveSems
yabalaxi
giorTudes
`Zvelebs
yabalaxi exuraT~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. qarT. yabalax-i (Turq. kabalak)
`wowola, Zabris moyvanilobis grZeltotebiani Tavsaburavi Cveulebriv
mamakacisa. || uxmariaT kapiuSonis mniSvnelobiT~ (qegli VII, 1962).
megr. Sliapa (erTgvari qudi), Sdr. qarT. Sliapa || Slapa [germ. Schlappe]
1.
mamakacis
qudi
mrgvali
moyvanilobisa,
irgvliv
farfliani.
[glaxaTubnels] Tavze Calis Slapa exura (g. wereT._. 2. qalis qudi
(qegli VII, 1962).
megr. cilindr-i `cilindri~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. qarT. cilindri (berZn.
kylindros) 1. geometriuli sxeuli, romelic warmoiqmneba sworkuTxedis
trialiT Tavisi erT-erTi gverdis garSemo. 2. teq. orTqlis manqanis an
Sigawvis Zravis nawili cilindris formisa. 3. mamakacis qudi cilindris
formisa,
viwrofarflebiani
da
maRali
(qegli
VIII,
1964).
ix.
laz.
cilindri.
megr.
ZafeZia
`mZivebiani,
totebiani
gvirgvini
nefe-dedoflisaTvis,
romelsac adgamen eklesiaSi jvriswerisas~ (a. qob., 689).
megr. Wyvintian-i yabalax-i (mokle da viwro Wyvintebs Semoikeravdnen
Tavze) (masalebi 1983, 242).
65
lazuri
laz. qud-i `qudi~ (mari 1910). Tavze yvelanair Camosacmels eZaxdnen
quds. Tis qudi gÁoTun `Tavze qudi axuravs~ (Cveni masala).
laz.
baSlu
||
baSluR-i
1)
`yabalaxi~
(Turq.
èrovnuli
bašlik(γi))
lazuri Tavsaburavi~. 2) baSluR-i `sacolis daniSvnis dros gaRebuli
saCuqari, qrTami qalis mSoblebisaTvis~ (lazuris fondi). es sityva
momdinareobs Turqulidan. Sdr. Turq. bašlik (andronikaSvili 1966, 229),
warmoqmnili sityvaa: Turq. baš `Tavi~, luγγ ki formantia (masalebi 1962, 145).
laz. boxox-i `boxoxi~. papuli Cqimi boxoxi moTumei nulutu `babuaCemi
boxoxdafarebuli
dadioda~
(Cveni
masala).
boxox-i
qud-i
`boxoxi~
(lazuris fondi). ix. megr. boxox-i.
laz. boxCa `mandili~.
laz. Taqia `kaxuri qudis msgavsia~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz.
kavux-i,
(lazuris
kauxa
`Zveleburi
Tavsaburavi;
safarveli,
fondi). Sdr. Turq. kavuk. Sdr. kauRi `kacis
garsi~
Tavsaburavi,
romlis boloebic TasmiT ikvreba~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. kalfaR-i || kalafaR-i `qudi~. Sdr. Turq. kalpak `qudi, fafaxi~.
laz. kukula1 (viw.) `berikacis qudi~ || kukuli2 `kunkuli; berikacis
(moxucis) wagrZelebuli qudi~ (Tandilava 2013). Sdr. qarT. kunkul-i ekl.
Zv. 1. berebis Tavsaxuravi – maRali qudi ukan CamoSvebuli saburaviT. 2.
qsovilis naWeri, romelSic xvevdnen embazidan amoyvanil axalmonaTlul
bavSvs. || qsovilis naWeri, romelsac uZRvnida naTlia bavSvis dedas an
TviT bavSvs (qegli IV, 1955).
laz. mJuaS-i qud-i || mJoraS-i qud-i `mzis qudi~. dido mCxvafa ren do
mJuaSi qudi epWofaminon `Zalian sicxe aris da mzis qudi unda viyido~
(Cveni masala). Sesityvebis pirveli wevri miRebulia mzis aRmniSvnel
lazur `mJua~ fuZeze naTesaobiTis –S niSnis darTviT).
laz. papax-i || fafax-i || fafaR-i `qudi~. ginon-na papaxi Cqimi qomeqCa `Tu
ginda,
Cemi
`brtyeli,
(boxoxis)
wverfarTo,
qudi
mogce~
maRali
(Ciqobava
qudi,
cxvris
1929,
62).
aWar.
tyavisagan
fafaR-i
ikereboda,
66
ZiriTadad mecxvarisa iyo~ (koberiZe 2011, 92). qarT. fafax-i (fafaxisa)
[Turq. papak] bewviani tyavis (upiratesad kravlis) maRali qudi, romelsac
ca SeiZleba amoRebuli da qsovilis (maudis) naWergamokruli hqondes
(qegli VII, 1962).
laz. semsifer-i `foCebiani qudi~ (Tandila 2013).
foTeÁ
laz.
–
mJuaSi
qudi
`mzis
paralelurad lazurSi dasturdeba:
qudi~
(Tandilava
2013).
mis
oteri 1. `Sapka~. 2. `tradiciul
lazur CacmulobaSi Tavze daxveuli grZeli
materia~ (uzunhasanoRlu,
laz. qaCula `boxoxis qudi~ (Tandila 2013).
laz. Sapka, Saфka, Safka, Savka `qudi~. skani Sapka kai mawonen `Seni
qudi momwons~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. Turq. šapka ìd~.
laz. Subara `maRali qudi~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. cilindr-i `cilindri~. ginon-na cilindri egiWofa `Tu ginda,
cilindrs giyidi~ (Cveni masala). ix. megr. cilindr-i.
laz. Wilob-i (qarT.) `Wilobi~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. xasiri2 `Wilobi~ (arab.-Turq. hasir) (Tandilava 2013). xasiris-Ti
razi re, dadi Cqimi `Wilobzec Tanaxma xar, Cemo deida (mamida)~ (yifSiZe
1994, 53).
laz. фes-i
(Turq. fes) `Tavze dasaxuravi (fesi)~ (futkaraZe 1993, 589) ||
`wiTeli qudi, fesi~. Sdr. jan- esi `qudi, fesi~. xojas
esi gÁoTun
`xojas fesi axuravs~ (Tandilava 2013).
am
qveTavSi
ganvixileT
Tavsaburavi.
leqsika
ganvixileT
ori
mimarTulebiT: davajgufeT zogadi da konkretuli saxelebi. rogorc
megrulSi, aseve lazurSi masala sakmaod gamovlinda. zogadi saxelebi
struqturuli
TvalsazrisiT
warmoqmnilia,
nawarmoebi
saerToqaraTveluri Zirisagan, kerZod: qarT. rTu- || rT- : megr. rTv- || rT: laz. rTv- || Tu- || T-. konkretul saxelebSi gamovlinda Tavsaburavis
sxvadaxva
saxe.
warmomavlobis
struqturulad
gvaqvs
TvalsazrisiT,
martivi
sakuTriv
da
rTuli
saxelebi.
megrul-lazuri,
saerToqarTveluri da nasesxebi leqska.
67
IV qveTavi
samoslis nawilebi
zemoT
ganvixileT
samoslis
saxeobebi:
tanisamosi,
fexsamosi,
Tavsaburavi. TiToeul maTgans gaaCnia Tavisi Semadgeneli nawili. am
qvejgufSi ganvixilavT tanisamosis, fexsamosis, Tavsaburavis Semadgenel
nawilebs, Sesakravebs, sartylebs, samkaulebs, mosarTavebs.
$ 1. samoslis nawilebi
1) tanisamosis nawilebi
megruli
megr. abJand-i àvJandi, uzangi, paWanaki, Sarvlis an qveda sacvlis
totze amokerebuli zonari fexis terfze amosadebad~ (qobalia 2010).
Sdr.
mesx.
abJand-i
`paWaniki,
Sarvlis
an
qveda
sacvlis
totze
amokerebuli zonari fexis terfebze amosadebad~ (Rlonti 1984).
megr. azRot-i àzRudi, tansacmlis gverdebSi Cadgmuli patara zomis
iribi naWeri ganisa da iribi formis misacemad (igivea, rac bartyi,
miSadgumali, aSadgumali)~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr. qarT. azRud-i `kabis
TeZos uribi~ (saba I, 1991). TuS. azRot `tyavkabis an qaTibis gverdze
Casakerebeli naWrebi~ (cocaniZe 2012). xevs. azRot-i `Coxis nawilia~
(WinWarauli 2005).
megr. aTa unafal-i `qveS dasatanebeli, mosayolebeli.~ (qobalia 2010).
daniSnulebis
saxelia, nawarmoebi
unafa
`wayvana, tareba~ zmnisagan.
kabaS aTa unafali qipide oko `kabis qveS dasatanebeli unda viyido~
(Cveni masala).
megr. awakiral-i `winsafari; Sublze wasakravi (ZaZis naWeri)~ (qobalia
2010). kabaSi awakirali qumoTxi aka `kabaze wasakravi maTxove erTi~ (Cveni
masala). amave mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba awaforal-i `winsafari~. Sdr. forua
68
`dafarva, dafareba~ (qajaia I, 2001). awaforal-i mimReobaa da nawarmoebia
forua zmnidan, daniSnulebas gamoxatavs, awa- zmniswinia.
megr. baikart-i `gulmkerdis are~. qomicues Te kaTaq do qigmosofes
baikarti `momcvivdnen es xalxi da Semomaglijes baikarti~ (qajaia I,
2001).
megr. barty-i `tansacmelSi Casadgmeli, Casakerebeli~.
megr. bedan-i `Coxis Semadgeneli nawili.~ Coxa Sesdgeboda ramdenime
nawilisagan: ukana bedani (zurgi), romelic ukan SeiWreboda, wina ori
bedani
da
kalTebi
(masalebi
1983,
247).
saanalizo
fuZeSi
SeiZleba
gamoiyos bed-(an-i) Ziri, romlisTvisac amosavlad migvaCnia *bod-(an-i),
Sdr. qarT.: tyav-i : megr.: tyeb-i ← *tyob-i; qarT.: ZarRv-i : megr.: jerRv-i
← *jorRv-i. rogorc Cans, qarTvelur enebSi o→e gadasvla dasaSvebia,
rogorc
Sesatyvisobis,
aseve
erTi
enis
farglebSi.
SesaZlebelia,
aRniSnuli fonetikuri procesis gaTvaliswinebiT, zan. o-s moeca e da
Sesabamisad *bod-(an-i) formidan migveRo realurad arsebuli bed-an-i.
h.
aWariani
miiCnevs,
rom
baden-
qarTulSi
somxuris
gziT
aris
ebraulidan Semosuli (aWariani 1971, 374).
baden-is
ebraulidan
warmomavlobas
iziarebs
d.
CubinaSvili
(CubinaSvili 1984).
mniSvnelovania
dakavSirebiT.
iv.
javaxiSvilis
mkvlevari
qsovaze
Sexeduleba
aRniSnul
sakiTxTan
msjelobisas
imowmebs
danielis
winaswarmetyvelebis 12,6-s oSkuri xelnaweris mixedviT da aRniSnavs, rom
qsovis erT-erTi saxeoba badec iyo. is baden-i sityvis amosavlad bade-s
varaudobs (masalebi 1962, 199).
am mxriv sainteresoa m. Cuxuas Tvalsazrisi, romelic aRniSnavs, rom
qarT.: bad-en-i SeiZleba ukavSirdebodes bad-e-Si gamoyofil bad- Zirs da
aRadgens *bod-s zanurisTvis (Cuxua 2002-2003, 56, 229).
radganac
qarTuli
bad-(en-i)
Ziris
Sesatyvisad
samecniero
literaturaSi zanurisTvis *bod- Ziri vlindeba, vsvamT sakiTxs qarT.
baden-: zan.(megr.) bedan- Sesatyvisobis Sesaxeb, romlisTvisac *bod-an-i
iqneboda amosavali da, zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, ar gaviziarebdiT
Sexedulebas qarT. baden- fuZis ucxouri warmomavlobis Sesaxeb.
69
megr. betk-i `salte~, s.qarTv. *betk- `salte; tkeCi~ → qarT. zan. betk-i
← batk-i, svan. betk (Cuxua 2000-2003, 66).
megr. bua, boa `sayelo~. bua bewvsac niSnavs (qobalia 2010).
megr. eiobinal-i àsabnevi~ (qobalia 2010). esec imave bin- `Sekvra~
Zirisagan aris nawarmoebi.
megr. varandik-i || varadnik-i (rus. воротник) `sayelo~. jgiri varadniki
oko guukeTeni `kargi sayelo unda gavukeTo~ (qajaia I, 2001). rusulidan
nasexeb am sityvaSi n fonemis meZoblobaSi t gamJRerebulia, Tanac erT
variantSi n gadasmulia d-s win.
megr. karTe `kalTa~ (Waraia 1997). arT dixas dimaxvenc, karTes muTun
vawucenc
èrT
adgilas
damjdoms,
kalTaze
araferi
daucvivdeba~
(samuSia 1971, 117). samecniero literaturaSi qarT. kalTa dakavSirebulia
megr. karTe-sTan (Tofuria 1979, 178).
megr. kile || kie `mklavi~ (saxelo). Sdr. megr. xeforCami, kileam-i ||
kieam-i `mklaviani~ (Cveni masala).
megr. kink-i `nakeri, ube Sarvlisa, nifxvisa~. daq das kurTa qaTxua do
kinkis vegemdoxodava `dam das nifxavi aTxova da nakerze ar damijdeo~
(memiSiSi, Serozia 1990, 35).
megr. konk-i `kabis bolo~ (Cveni masala).
megr. kudel-i, kude-i `kudi~ (qajaia
II, 2002); `kabis
bolo, kabis
nawili~. TiS magirZa kaba mikaqunsu, kudeli dixas miaCerCel
ìm sigrZe
kaba acvia, kabis bolos (kuds) miwaze miaTrevs (uCoCialebs)~ (Cveni
masala).
megr. luba
(kilanava 1998) || l ba (yifSiZe 1994) || uba || liba (martv.)
ùbe~ Sdr, laz. uba ùbe, mkerdi~ (mari 1910). sqani dudi qomuCasi lubaSi
dinaxunafalo `Seni Tavi momca, ubeSi Casasmelad~ (samuSia 1971, 143).
megr. manja `maja~ (samoslis) (Cveni masala) || manJet-i `maja~ (qobalia
2010).
megr. naT-i `weli (tanisamosisa)~ (Waraia 1997) || naTiu || naTia `nakeri;
tansacmlis zeda ukana mxare; sxvisi kerZi; nawiladevi~ (qobalia 2010).
70
megr. obinal-i `sakinZe, sakinZi (perang. da sxv) (Sesakravebi) (Waraia
1997). leqsema warmoqmnilia binua `Sekvra~ zmnisagan o-al afiqsebiT.
megr. olar-i òlari~. olara nina `grZeli ena~. Sdr. larafa ninaSi
(qajaia II, 2002). papas olari mukaqunsu `mRvdels olari acvia~ (Cveni
masala). qarT. olar-i 1) `mRvdlis yels sakidi~; 2) `sartyeli~ (saba I,
1991).
olar-i
(berZn.
orarion)
`mRvdlis
samoslis
nawili,
_
yelze
Camosacmeli grZeli da viwro, oqromkediT naqargi qsovili~ (qegli VI,
1960).
megr. o ale || o aleS-i `sayelo~ (kilanava 1998). aTe kabaSa o aleSi
mafu okeTebeli àm kabisTvis sayelo maqvs gasakeTebeli~ (Cveni masala).
o ale warmoqmnili sityvaa, miRebuli
al- fuZisagan o-e daniSnulebis
afiqsis darTviT, o aleS-s ki naT. brunvis –S sufiqsic erTvis.
megr. pij-i `sapire~ (piji do sarCuli `sapire da sarCuli~) (Waraia
1997).
megr. ruSqo `kirkinti kurTaSi g Ta unafali (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. rRia ìRlia~. kabaSi rRia naptani alaWkirili afudu `kabis
iRlia nametani amoWrili hqonda~ (Cveni masala).
megr. sarRio `saiRlie Wrili samosisa; avgarozi, romelic iRliis
xazze unda miekros balRis tansacmels~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. sarCul-i `sarCuli~. piji do sarCuli `sapire da sarCuli~
(Waraia 1997). e kabas sarCuli vanoRve àm kabas sarCuli ar hqonia~ (Cveni
masala). sarCul-i miRebulia rC- Zirze sa-ul afiqsebis darTviT. Sdr.
qarT.
sarCul-i
1.
tansacmlis,
sabnisa
da
misT.
SigniTa
pirad
gamokerebuli qsovili. 2. risame qveS simagrisaTvis amodebuli sagani, _
qvesadebi. 3. gadat. mizezi, sababi (qegli VI, 1960).
megr. safulaqo `saRile, Ril-kilo~ (qobalia 2010). safulaqo mafu
eSaWkirali `saRile maqvs amosaWreli~ (Cveni masala). nawarmoebi sityvaa,
miRebulia fulaq- `Rili~ fuZeze sa-o afiqsis darTviT.
megr. fota `fuTa, winsafari~. jveSo osurefi fotas iWandes `Zvelad
qalebi winsafars ikeravdnen~ (Cveni masala). forCisagan qalebi fotas
ikeravdnen. aiRebdnen erT gans, miakerebdnen zonars da win Semoikravdnen.
mkerdidan barZayamdis hqondaT Semoxveuli didi zomis oTxkuTxa an
71
sworkuTxa naWeri, romelsac iyeneben foTlis (TuTis, Cais) Sesaxvevad da
gadasatanad (masalebi 1983, 240, 245). gur. fota `raime Tavmokruli~. zan.
fota
`raime
ganmartebiT,
Tavmokruli,
fotas
winsafari~
muSa
qalebi
(JRenti
Romis
1936,
cexvis
25).
a.
dros
Wanturias
ikeTebdnen,
axlandeli winsafris magier (Wanturias arqivi, # 434). Sdr. laz. fota.
megr. qila `qila (Coxis masra)~, qileb-i `Coxis masrebi~. RarTi vamokon
do qila `Coxa ar minda da masra~ (samuSia 1971, 122). masra keTdeba irmisa
da kameCis rqisagan. saWiroa, agreTve, urTxela. rqa ganiT gadaixerxeba
or-ori
TiTis
sifarToeze,
TiToeuli
nawili
iTleba
najaxiT
da
WibursaniT sufTavdeba da Semdeg SalaSiT gaixvriteba. Zvelad qila
gaxvretili iyo da ramiT gamotenili. XX s-is 30-ian wlebSi qilis Tavi
ar aris gaxvretili. urTxela daiWreba, TiToeuli sami TiTis sigrZisa,
Semdeg daniT gaiTleba da gaiwmindeba, garSemoweriloba unda iyos 6
santimetri. am xeebs erT TavSi Wdeebi aqvT. rqebsa da xeebs erTmaneTSi
Caayeneben da Tevzis weboTi daawepeben. irmis rqas da urTxelis xes Sua
Caayoleben kameCis an Txis rqis zols. qilebis zoma: sigrZe _ 9 sm,
irgvliv _ 6 sm. erT Coxas sWirdeba 20 cali qila (masalebi 1983, 240).
Sdr. qarT. qila 1. pirfarTo, umuclo WurWeli Tixisa, minisa _ erbosa,
murabisa da misT. Sesanaxavad da mawvnis Casadedeblad. 2. am WurWlis
tevadobisa. 3. kuTx. (imer. gur.) marcvleulis, fqvilis sawyao, udris erT
fuTs. 4. kuTx. (qarTl. imer. gur.) igivea, rac masra (qegli VII, 1962).
megr. saqilo `saqile, samasre (Coxisa); safqvile (tomara)~ (qobalia
2010) || saqile `samasre~ (qajaia II, 2002). saanalizo formebi qila-sgan
miRebulia sa-e da sa-o afiqsebiT.
megr. quba `qoba, tanisamosis nawili~ (Waraia 1997; qajaia III, 2002). quba
geiTuSqvi do kaba deginzarebu `qobi gamouSvi da kaba dagrZeldeba~
(qajaia III, 2002). Sdr. qarT. qoba (qobisa) 1. samoslis boloze Signidan
xelis sibrtyed Semovlebuli sarCuli. 2. gadat. saerTod, zoli risame
kideze (qegli VII, 1962).
megr.
Caq-i
`Coxis
garRveuli
gverdebi~
(masalebi
1983,
242).
Caq-i
`samosis Caxsnili gverdi, yuri samoslisa, romelSic iyreba qamari,
Caquri (igivea, rac Carq-i); mokle, damaxinjebuli fexi~ (qobalia 2010).
Sdr. Caq-i `kalTis Senaxevi~ (saba I, 1991). qarT. Caqi (spars. Cak `xvreli,
72
tanisamosis gaxeuli adgili~) 1. amoukeravad datovebuli adgili zeda
samosis gverdiT kalTebze. 2. kuTx. (kax. TuS. xevs.) gamoSverili nawili
Coxis an axaluxis ukana kalTebis gadanakerebSi (welTan) (qegli VIII,
1964). Sdr. aWar. Caq-i `CaWrili maja~ (koberiZe 2011, 90). ix. megr. Careqami
osare.
megr. CxviCxv-i `fesvi; samoslis SemoZenZili bolo; ZenZ-foCi; simindis,
bostneulis katari~ (qobalia 2010). kabas CxviCxvi guTabu `kabas ZenZ-foCi
abia qvemodan~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. qarT. CxviCxv-i `fesvi~. megr. CxviCxv-i m.
Cuxua ganxiluli aqvs s.qarTvelur fuZed:
qarT. cocx-i, svan. CeCx- ||
CaCx- (zs, qs,) `cocxi~ da s.-qarTv. aRadgens *cocx- `cocxi, fesvi~ fuZes
(Cuxua 2000-2003, 327).
megr. wel-i `weli sxeulis an samoslisa~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr. qarT.
weli1 àdamianis sxeulis nawili _ neknebis dasasrulsa da TeZos Zvlebs
Soris~ (qegli VIII, 1964).
megr. xeforCa `saxelo (tanisamosis)~ (Waraia 1997). xeforCa ← xe+forCa
`xeli + perangi~ (perangis xeli). Sdr. laz. forCa `perangi~ (n. mari).
sityvis warmomavlobisTvis mniSvnelovania m. Cuxuas Sexeduleba: zan
(megr.) {forC-a}, xe-forC-a `saxeluri~. Wan. forC-a `perangi~, xeforCa,
qarT. fanc-i `qsovili~ (zogadad), fac-er-i `Tevzis maxe~ (saba), fac-erkod-i `tredis maxe~ (saba), svan. f C-i (zs), faC-l-88l `bavSvis naqsovi
fexsacmeli~. s.qarTv. *fac- `qsova, qsovili~ → qarT. {fac
facfac-}, fanc-i (←
fac-i), fac-er-i, zan. forCa (←
← foC-a), svan. f C- || faC- (Cuxua 2000-2003, 232).
megr. jibe `jibe~. sqani Sarvals jibe goxarcqu `Sens Sarvals jibe
gaxevia~ (Cveni masala). qarTulSi nasesxebia arabulidan, xolo qarTulis
gziT damkvidrebulia megrulSi. Sdr. qarT. jibe (arab. Jib) 1. zeda
tansacmelze mikerebuli patara parki fulis, cxvirsaxocis da misT.
Casadebad.
||
aseTi
daniSnulebis
saTavsi
Cemodnis,
parkis
da
sxva
gverdebze. 2. anat. Rru, upe, romelSic Tavsdeba zogierTi organo (qegl
VIII, 1964). es mniSvnelobebi megrul jibesac udasturdeba.
73
lazuri
laz.
bob-i
`sacvlis
ube~
(Cveni
masala).
qarTulis
dialeqtebSi
dasturdeba: bab-l-i, bab-l-eb-i 1) `sabnis qveda piris gadmonakeci gulis
garSemo~; 2) `muTaqis piris Tavebi (sxva qsovilisa)~; 3) `Sarvlis ubis Sida nawili~. qiziyurSi bab-l-i, bab-l-eb-i `naqargis erT-erTi saxea, samkuTxedad naqsovi~.
migvaCnia, rom qarTlur-qiziyuri bab-l-is fonetikur-semantikuri Sesatyvisi Cans lazur metyvelebaSi dadasturebuli bob- fuZe, Sdr. laz.
bob-i `Sarvlis an sacvlis ube~.
mocemuli qarTul-zanuri fuZeebi semantikurad igiveobrivia, xolo
fonetikurad qarTuli a: zanuri o Sesatyvisoba eWvs ar iwvevs; qarTul
dialeqtebSi povnieri fuZiseuli -l- lazurSi SeiZleba dakarguli iyos.
laz. bobR-i `konki~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. gerCafule (ge-rC-af-ul-e) `sarCuli~ (Cveni masala). ix. megr.
sarCuli.
laz. gorCalu (go-rC-al-u) `winsafari~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. gotkale (go-tk-al-e) `saTave (betki)~ (Cveni masala). nawarmoebia
gotkala `Semortyma~ zmnisagan.
laz. gowaki(r)u (go-wa-kir-u) `winsafari~ (vaniliSi, Tandilava 1984, 79).
amave mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba fanTuki `winsafari~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz.
gowakorale
(go-wa-kor-al-e)
||
gowakoru
(go-wa-kor-u)
||
kowoTvala (ko-wo-Tv-al-a) `winsafari~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. kowankoru (ko-wa-n-kor-u) || kowoTvalu (ko-wo-Tv-al-u) `winsafari~
winsafris aRmniSvneli es leqsikuri erTeulebi miRebulia k- `kvris~
aRmniSvneli Zirisagan, romelic sxvadasxva zmniswiniTaa gaformebuli.
laz. gur-pij-i `gul-mkerdi (kabis)~ (Cveni masala).
laz. Telik-i `saRile~. Telikef-e `saRileebi~. aÁa forCas TeliRefe
va uRun àm perangs saRileebi ar aqvs~ (Cveni masala).
laz. kalamb-i `rezinis gasayreli adgili tansacmelSi~ (Tandilava
2013).
74
laz.
konk-i
`naxevi,
WinWi~.
konkefeTen
gebueli
Sarvali
`WinWebdakerebuli Sarvali~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. megr. konk-i.
laz. kuCx-i `Sarvlis toti~. kuCxefe `Sarvlis totebi~ (Cveni masala).
laz. (xeSi) mendikon-i `maja~ (Cveni masala).
laz.
mbela
`WinWi,
naWeri;
nawili~
(Tandilava
2013).
qCe
mbela
gegirCare `TeTri naWeri unda dagifino~ (Ciqobava 1936, 58).
laz. oba (obafe) (lazuris fondi) || uba ùbe~ (Cveni masala). koCisTi
muTxani obas qomulobRu `kacsac raRaca ubeSi Cauyara~ (kartozia 1970,
105).
laz. omuzluR-i `samxre~ (Turq. omuzluk). burzas omuzluRi
medgimuSi
ren `bluzaze samxre misakerebeli aris~ (Tandilava 2013). miRebulia
Turq. omuz `mxari~ fuZeze -luk `daniSnulebis afiqsis darTviT.
laz. pintola ||
tili (viw.) `nawili, nafleTi~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujak-
liSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. piSTimale `mosaxuravi, winsafari~. uCa piSTimale mogoTume do
dogoxunaf, gÁelini Cqimi `Sav mosaxuravs dagafareb da dagsvam, Cemo
patarZalo~ (Ciqobava 1929, 139).
laz.
podia
`kalTa~.
gowakiruS
podias
uRun
azuRi
`winsafriT
daatarebs saWmelsa~ (vaniliSi, Tandilava 1984, 79).
laz. falasqa `kabis qveda nawilze momatebuli figuronis nawili~
(Tandilava 2013).
laz. faloTefe `samxreebi~. mxujis faloTefe geWeri uRutu `mxarze
samxreebi dakerili hqonda~ (Cveni masala).
laz. feS-i `naWeri (kabis)~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. aWar. feS-i (koberiZe
2011, 90).
laz. qena `gverdi (kabis)~ (Cveni masala).
laz. yal-i || oyale || yaliSi || Áaqa `sayelo~. oyale memidgi || memiWi
forCaSa `kabaze sayelo mimidgi || mimikere~ (Cveni masala). ix. megr. o ale.
a.
TandilavasTan
aRniSnulia,
rom
laz.
Áaqa
momdinareobs
amave
mniSvnelobis Turq. yaka formisagan (Tandilava 2013).
laz. Ska || Sqa `weli, TeZo~. Coxas Skas qemeri uRutes `Coxaze, welze
qamari hqondaT~ (Cveni masala).
75
laz. Ralajij-i || xelajij-i ìRlia~ (mari 1910; lazuris fondi).
laz. xe `samosis mklavi~. Sdr. xeon-i `mklaviani~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva
2007). ar xeoni forCa
ebWofare èrTi mklaviani
(xeliani) perangi unda viyido (Cveni masala).
laz. xenWal-i `maja~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. xeforCa `samosis mklavi~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva
2007). xeforCaSen xe qegamiRu `mklavidan xeli gamoiRo~ (Cveni masala).
laz. jebe `jibe~ (asaT., 32, 5) || jib-i || jebe (Sdr. Turq. Jep) (lazuris
fondi).
jebes fara va miRun hiC `jibeSi fuli ara maqvs sruliad~
(asaTiani
1974,
32).
andronikaSvilis
azriT,
momdinareobs
spars.
J9b
formidan (andronikaSvili 1996, 215). ix. megr. jibe.
laz.
orkaSi uj-i `kabis kalTa (bolo)~. emus
orkaSi uji qanuWkiu
e-do qoSinaxu ìmas kabis kalTa moaWra da Seinaxa~ (Cveni masala). Sdr.
Zv. qarT. yur-i `tansacmlis kabis kudi~ (abulaZe 1973).
2) fexsamosis nawilebi
megruli
megr. boRaz-i 1) navisebri amonaWrebi fexsacmlisa, wuRisa~; 2) `yure,
navmisadgomi; sabalaxo~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr. Turq. boğaz.
megr. inarCafal-i `Casafeni~ (Cveni masala). CaflaSi inarCafalq diSir
`fexsacmlis Casafeni gacvTa~. Sdr. megr. rC- (rCa-fa) `dafena~. am zmnuri
Ziridan aris nawarmoebi mocemuli sityva: ina-rC-af-al-i. is daniSnulebis
saxelia.
megr. naCa èna~. igivea, rac narCa `lanCa, Ziri~ (qobalia 2010); Sdr.
megr. narCakuCx-i `lanCa, fexis Ziri, terfi.~ (qajaia II, 2002); qorTuli
Cafla mugoZuna naCa giToputorili `qarTuli fexsacmeli gacviaT lanCa
(terfi) gamoglejili~ (beriZe 1920, 11). Sdr. naCaqur-i `quslis nerCi.~
qarT.
lanCa
1) `sqeli tyavi fexsacmlis Zirisa~; 2) (qiz.) ìatakis
ficris qveS datanebuli soli an nafoti simagrisaTvis~ (qegli IV, 1955).
megr. paWanak-i `paWanaki, fexze gasayreli.~ sacveTs qvemoT paWanaki aqvs
76
fexis gasayreli (qajaia II, 2002). adre paWanakefi uCqudes àdre paWanaki
(fexze gasayreli) icodnen~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. javax. paWanik-i `fexis
koWisa da muxlis Tvlamde Casacmeli moqsovili wvivsakravi~ (beriZe
1981).
megr. CaflaSi niCvi `fexsacmlis cxviri~. CaflaSi niCvi doSirele
`fexsacmlis cxviri gacveTila~ (Cveni masala).
megr. sajinje `saZire~ (wuRasTvis) (masalebi 1983, 249). daniSnulebis
saxelia, nawarmoebia megr. jinj- `Ziri~ saxelisagan sa-e prefiqs-sufiqsis
meSveobiT.
lazuri
laz. qur-i || qui `fexsacmlis qusli~ (mari 1910). Cqar giZiruni xamfaS
kulani maRali quroni papuwefeTe `ginaxavs saerTod xamfas qaliSvili
maRalquslianifexsacmliT~ (JRenti 1938, 159).
laz. modvaluS-i nena (Cveni masala).
laz. modvaluS-i Cxvind-i `fexsacmlis cxviri~ (Cveni masala).
2) Tavsaburavis nawilebi
megruli
megr. kant-i `kanti~. qicas sqvamas qugu une kanti `Tavsafars lamazad
Semoatare (Semoayole) kanti~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. qarT. kanti2 (germ. kanke
rusuli
enis
movlebuli
an
meSveobiT)
`qsovilis
nakerSi
Cayolebuli.
viwro
||
zoli
raime
tanisamosis
masalis
viwro
kideze
zoli,
Semovlebuli risame kideebze~ (qegli IV, 1955).
megr. kowol-i `nawnavi, konkrixoze datovebuli Tma, kululu, foCi,
naZenZi, kenwero, kunwuli; wverokina; qudisa da Cabalaxis wveti~ (qobalia
2010). TuSuri kowol
1) `Tmis
nawnavi~, 2)
`siTxis
duRilis
Sxefi~
(cocaniZe 2012).
megr. qicaSi wkvet-i || wkvent-i `Tavsafris wveti, wveri~ (qajaia III, 2002)
|| megr. qicaS-i wvand-i `Tavsafris wveri~ (Cveni masala).
77
megr. qudiS-i uj-i `qudis yuri~ (Cveni masala).
lazuri
laz. qudiS-i kukut-i `qudis yuri~.
laz. mimiti `qalis Tavsaburavis boloebi~ (Tandilava 2013).
$ 2. samoslis Sesakravebi; sartylebi
megruli
megr. aTakiral-i `qveS amosakvreli, misabmeli~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. akabinal-i `sakinZe, Sesabnevi~ (qobalia 2010). mimReoba, nawarmoebi
binua `Sebneva, Sekvra~ zmnisagan.
megr. ampour-i, ampeur-i `Tasma, apeuri~. || ampur-i || ampura. Sdr. Zv qarT.
apaur-i.
megr.
band-i
saxlarTad
`Sekvra~,
`blondi,
iyeneben~
`naskvi~,
bondi,
(qobalia
`wvrili
wvrili
2010).
Toki
an
Tasma
Sdr.
qarT.
Tasma
an
Toki,
band-i
romelsac
(spars.
saxlarTad,
bänd)
mosakravad
gamoyenebuli~, `Wrilobis Sesaxvevi (qsovili)~ (qegli II, 2010).
megr. bant-i `bafTi, lenti, zonari~ (yifSiZe 1994). Sdr. qarT. bant-i
(germ bang) `wyvilad gamoskvnil-gamoyulfuli lenti~ (qegli I, 2008).
megr.
gaskval-i
||
gasqval-i
`gasakvanZi,
Sesakravi,
gasafskvneli~
(qobalia 2010).
megr. dalal-i igivea, rac kakula (qajaia I, 2001).
megr. dugmeb-i `Sesakravi (Coxis saxelosi)~ (masalebi 1983, 242). Sdr.
qarT. dugma `liTonis erTgvari Sesakravi, _ liTonis Ril-kilo, xrika.
eniani~ (qegli III, 1953).
megr. emaxuW-i `tomris gadanakecSi gayrili Tavis mosakravi zonari;
manJeti, totebis bolos Sesakvreli, xvanjari, yiTa~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. zmeika èlva (zmeika)~ (Cveni masala). zmeika gafu gonwy mili
èlva gaqvs Sexsnili~ (Cveni masala). nasesxebia rusulidan.
78
megr. zort-i `zorti, grZeli Sesakravi~ (Waraia 1997). TuSuri zolt
`tansacmlis Sesakravi naWris brtyeli zonari~ (cocaniZe 2012). Sdr.
qarT. zort-i `larisagan samoseli SesakinZavi~ (saba I, 1991). qarT. zorti
`qsovilis viwro zoli, zonari, romliTac ikraven tanisamosis ama Tu im
nawils~ (qegli IV, 1955).
megr. Tasma `Tasma, Rvedi~ (Waraia 1997). Sdr. qarT. grZlad da wvrilad
gamoWrili tyavis zonari, _wvrili Rvedi~ (qegli IV, 1955).
megr. kak-i `Rili abreSumis grexilisa (zogjer masSi atmis Rersac
Caawnavdnen,
rom
bzinvareba
Semateboda,
akerebdnen
axaluxze,
qalis
Zvirfas samosze~ (qobalia 2010).
megr.
kakeb-i
abreSumisgan
`Rilebi~.
iyo
kakebi
damzadebuli,
keTdeboda
zogjer
grexilisagan,
kakebs
TmiTac
romelic
amkobdnen
(masalebi 1983, 241, 246). ix. laz. kik-i `Sesakravi~.
megr. kancxu `kauWi, dugma~ (qobalia 2010) || kacxu `qinZisTavi~ (qajaia
II, 2002).
megr. kanjo `kanjo~ (Waraia 1997), martvilurSi niSnavs `qinZisTavs~.
Sdr. qarT. kanjo 1) `dugma~; ànkesi, nemskavi~ 2) `galavnis qongurebi,
borblis kbilebi~ ← Turq. qanǏǏa `dugma~; ànkesi, nemskavi~ (qegli IV, 1955).
megr. kurTaer-i (l dakargulia) || kurTalar-i `xvanjari~. p. Waraia am
sityvas Slis amgvarad: kurTa `sacvali~ + lari `Zafi, simi~ e.i. nifxavis
Zali (Waraia 1997).
megr.
lar-i
`lari,
simi
abreSumisa;
naqsovi
sartyeli,
xvanjari~
(qobalia 2010). Sdr. qarT. lar-i 1. saqonlis nawlavisa an myesisagan
gakeTebuli simi (Conguris, fanduris an misTanaTaTvis), _ alya, Zali. 2.
gaWimuli bawari (Toki, Zafi...) sxvadasxva daniSnulebisa (qegli IV, 1955).
megr.
lekverTx-i
`lakverTxebi,~
||
ÁekverTx-i
`wvivsakravi~
||
(masalebi
ÁakverTx-i
1983,
245).
||
Sdr.
lekverTxeb-i
lekverTxia
`lekverTxi, wvivsakravi, paWiWis Sesakravi enebiani Rvedi~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. manik-i `balTa (igivea, rac barTa)~; Rilkilo; sakravis yelze
dakruli firfita (igivea, rac maliki = xis patara firfita, fanduris
yelSi
gasayreli,
romelzedac
dakvris
dros
TiTebs
daatareben);
abzinda, saCxvleteli rkinisa~ (qobalia 2010).
79
megr. martyafal-i (ma-rty-af-al-i) `sartyeli, Semosartymeli~ (qobalia
2010). warmoebiT mimReobaa, miRebuli rtyafa `mortyma~ zmnisagan ma- da –
al afiqsebiT.
megr. ortyafu (o-rty-af-u) `sartyeli~ (qajaia II, 2002) || ortkafu
`sartyeli~. is saerToqarTveluri fuZea: qarT. sartyel-i zan (megr.) ||
ortkafu zan (Wan.) otkafu (Ciqobava 1938, 60).
megr.
oskval-i
(o-skv-al-i)
`Sesakravi,
gasanaskvi,
gasafskvneli~
(qobalia 2010). mimReoburi formaa, nawarmoebi skuala `Sekvra~ zmnisagan
o-al afiqsebiT.
megr. sadaf-i `folaqi, Rili~ (Waraia 1997). dasturdeba lazurSic,
romelic Turqulidan unda iyos Semosuli. Sdr. Turq. sedef `Rili~.
megr. folaq-i || fulaq-i `folaqi~ (Waraia 1997) || faÁaq-i (banZ.-martv.)
(qajaia III, 2002). raW. folaq-i < spars. (beriZe 1912). megrulSi dasturdeba
Rilis
saxeoba:
kuCxam
fulaq-i
`fexela,
dafexili
Rili
sqeli
qsovilisaTvis (Coxaze ician)~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. SimSi – `qamris Zewkvi~ (qajaia IV, 2009).
megr. SqverT-i `Tasma, Solti~ (kilanava 1998). m. Cuxuas aqvs aseTi
dakavSireba:
zan.
(megr.)
SqverT-i,
SqverT-,
SqverT-ia
`Solti~.
qarT.
Solt-, Solt-i `tyavis anaWeri grZlad~ (saba) (Cuxua 2000-2003, 308).
megr. CafariaS-i || CafareS-i `firfitiT naqsovi abreSumis zonari, arSia
tansacmlis
mosarTavad
an
nakerebze
mosavlebad~
(qobalia
2010).
nawarmoebia Cafaria fuZisagan naT. brunvis –Si sufiqsis meSveobiT.
megr.
Wapu
salocavi;
`qalamnis
bavSvi
rom
amosakravi
siarulis
Tasma,
wvrili
dawyebas
Toki;
erTgvari
daagviandeba,
Wapus
gamoulocavdnen, mozrdil kvers akvakvars gamoacxobdnen, balRs wiTeli
ZafebiT Semokravdnen, samzadis karTan daayenebdnen, vinmes mezoblis
balRTan akvakvars natexs miscemdnen xelSi, ezos Semoarbeninebdnen da
ityodnen, RmerTo, maCvene, esec ase darbodeso, morbenali bolos Sekrul
balRsac gaurbenda da wvivebze Zafebs Seawyvetda. sam dReSi igi fexs ar
dgamda~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. xarTa `Semosakravi, Semosavlebi~ (kilanava 1998).
80
megr. xvanjar-i Sesakravi (masalebi 1983, 241). Sdr. qarT. xvanjar-i
`Sarvlis saTaurSi gasayreli zonari (qsovdnen abreSumis Zafisagan)~
(qegli VIII, 1964).
lazuri
laz. gotkafu (go-tk-af-u) `qamari~ || gotkale (go-tk-al-e) || otyafu (oty-af-u) `SkaSi qemeჲ~ (Cveni masala) || otkafu (yifSiZe 1994) || gotkaloni
(go-tk-al-on-i) || gotkafule (go-tk-af-u-le) `sartyeli~ (Tandilava 2013).
oxoiSa mexTu-Si otkafu qaguiwku `Sin rom mivida, sartyeli Seixsna~
(asaTiani 1974, 43).
laz. zipa `Sesakravi Tasma~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. Toi fusqulon-i (lazuris fondi) `welze Semosartyami~. Sdr.
Turq. tor.
laz. Toka `qamari~ (naqsovi `Toki~) || ToW-i || mTuk-i || Tuk-i (mari 1910,
lazuris fondi) (Turq. < ital.) toka `balTa~. Toka qogovitki `qamari
Semovirtyi~ (Cveni masala).
laz. Tor-i || ToÁ èrTgvari qamari~ (naqsovi). ToÁ formaSi r aris
Cavardnili. gvaqvs agreTve Tor-i `naqsovi qamari~. xeSen noSvale-Ti
guSudumelan
―
&a
Tori
en,
metaqsiSi
&a
nokefeSi
iyven
`xeliT
moqsovilsac gauyrian, is aris Tori, abreSumis iqneba an Zafis~ (Ciqobava
1929, 150). a. TandilavasTan gvxvdeba misi paraleluri saxeobebi, romelTa
sityvis TavSi gaCenilia m an n: mTor-i || nTor-i àbreSumis foCebiani
qamari~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. koklewa (aTin.) `welze mosartymeli Savi naWeri~ (uzunhasanoRlu,
laz. kuspiWi || kukuli (furt.) `windebis erTmaneTTan misamagrebeli,
dasakavSirebeli
patara
Rili~
(uzunhasanoRlu,
bujakliSi,
aleqsiva
2007).
laz. kuSaRi `welze Semosaxvevi~ (Turq. kušak) (Tandilava 2013).
laz.
laTinka
||
kolTuRa
`monadiris
welze
Semosartymeli
tyviebisTvis~ (Cveni masala);
81
laz. motkale `sartyeli, qamari~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. okokoron-i || okokironi `Sesakravi Tasma~ (Tandilava 2013).
Sdr.
megr. akakiral-i.
laz.
ortkafu
||
ortafu
||
otkafu
otkapu
||
`qamari,
sartyeli~
(Tandilava 2013).
laz. sirim-i `qalamnis gasyreli, Sesakravi tyavisa.~ (Cveni masala) ||
sirma (Turq. sirma) `sirma, yaiTani~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. фiSeluR-i `monadiris qamari~ (Cveni masala).
laz.
qeme(r)-i
`qamari~
(Turq.
kemer)
`sartyeli,
qamari~
>
Cemer-i
(lazuris fondi). samecniero literaturis mixedviT, qarT. qamar-i ←
spars. kamar `qamari~, os. kamari `qalis qamari~ ← qarT. (abaevi 1958, 570).
laz. Rved-i `zonari~. qalamaniS-i Rved-i `fexsacmlis zonari~. Rvedi
va uRuntan-Si, kinafiTen xolo Wafan, amma ordo dosTun `zonari Tu ar
aqvT, kanafiTac keraven, magram male fuWdeba~ (Ciqobava 1929, 165).
laz. Sib-i `sartyeli~. samecniero literaturaSi es fuZe miiCneva
s.qarTvelurad:
Wan.
Sib-i
`zonari~,
qarT.
siba
`sartylis
adgili.
sasartyle~, svan. Sib (zs., lnt.) `xvanjari~ (Cuxua 2000-2003, 204).
laz.
Ziminji
`daTvis
an Roris
tyavisagan damzadebuli
qamari~
(Tandilava 2013).
laz. xamaili (viw.) || qÁaSi || hemaili (aTin.) `welis qamari~ (Turq. hamail)
$ 3. samkaulebi
megruli
megr.
beWed-i
`beWedi~.
moWyudus
xes
briliantiSi
beWedi
magudu
`patarZals xelze briliantis beWedi ekeTa~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. qarT.
beWed-i 1. samkauli TiTze Camosacmeli Zvirfasi liTonis an sxva masalis
rgoli (xSirad, _ TvlebiT mooWvili). (qegli I, 2008).
82
megr. broCka || broSka gulsabnevi (Cveni masala). paltoSa skvami broSka
qimkubinafudu
`paltoze
lamazi
gulsabnevi
daebnia~.
nasesxebia
rusulidan.
megr.
kakal-
`kakali
(cali);
marcvali;
mZivi;
Roris
avadmyofoba,
fetvela (xorcSi fetvis marcvaliviT daayris da mavnebels xdis. ix.
Cxvere, fatlenji)~ (qobalia 2010).
megr.
kakila
`krialosani,
mZivebis
asxmula
(akvanze
kidebdnen);
gvirilas msgavsi dabali balaxi~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. kobiWa `mkerdze dasakidi qalebisaTvis, mTlianad vercxliT da
oqroTi
moWedili
samkauli,
qalebi
atarebdnen
mkerdze,
Cafrazis~
megr. marwkind-i `beWedi; mbrwyinavi, brWyviala; sawindari; cicinaTela~.
Sdr. megr. marwkindia `cicinaTela; cimcima~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. oqroWkadil-i òqroWedili, oqros nakeToba~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. qiniste `qinZisTavi~ || qinZisTe igivea, rac qiniste `qinZisTavi~
(qajaia III, 2002). samkaulic aris.
megr. SimS-i `qamris Zewkvi~ (qajaia IV, 2009).
megr. Cafrazi `farTo, kavis msgavsi, waldis formis Sesakravi, mkerdze
ikeTebdnen~;
Cafrazi
beWili
`dawnuli,
Zewkviani,
romelic
xmas
gamoscemda~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. CiRilouri òqros an vercxlis samkerde, samkauli, Tvlebiani
megr. cef-i `jaWvi~ (Cveni masala). baRanas
nanaTa cefi qigiobune
`bavSvs naTlobis Zewkvi dahkide~.
megr. Zewkv-i || Zewv-i `Zewkvi~, `wvrili jaWvi~ (qajaia III, 2002). gvxvdeba
sabasTanac: Zewkv-i, ZewkÂ (saba I, 1991).
megr.
Zia
`mZivi~;
`Tevzis
qviriTis
Semadgeneli
calkeuli
Zafi,
asxmula~ (qobalia 2010). baRanaq Zia gomsofu `bavSvma mZivi damirRvia~
(Cveni masala).
megr. xati Zewkviani òqros an vercxlis Zewkvi, TerTmetjer hqonda
xats Semovlebuli, qalebi atarebdnen mkerdze samkaulad~ (Wanturias
arqivi, # 434).
83
lazuri
laz. bilezuRi `samajuri~. nasesxebia Turqulidan. Sdr. Turq. bilezik
(Tandilava 2013). man alTuniSi bilezuRi miRun `me oqros samajuri
maqvs~ (Cveni masala).
gebunafale
laz.
(ge-bun-af-al-e)
kiseriSi
||
gebunafale
`Camosakidebeli, dasakidi~ (Cveni masala).
laz. godvaloni (go-dv-al-on-i) `samajuri~. xeSi godvaloni ginoni
`samajuri (xelze Semosadebi) ginda?~ (Cveni masala). nawamoebi saxelia,
miRebuli godvalu `Semovleba~ zmnaze –on sufiqsis darTviT (Tandilava
2013).
laz. dada-kaka àWrelebuli, nair-nairi samkauli~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. dolokidon-i (dolo-kid-on-i) `Camosakidebeli (yelze)~ || alis
dolokidoni (asaTiani 2012). muTu alis dolokidoni giRuni `raime yelze
dasakidebeli gaqvs?~ (Cveni masala).
laz. elanjuR-i `vercxlis Zewkvi, gulze dasakidi~ (lazuris fondi) ||
ilanjuR `yelze dasakidi Zewkvi~ (vaniliSi, Tandilava 1984, 114).
laz.
zenjir-i
||
zenjil-i
||
zenjin-i
||
zinjir-i
`jaWvi,
Zewkvi~.
momdinareobs sparsulidan `jaWvi~ (koberiZe 2011, 30).
laz. Tabla (Turq. tepelik) `Tavsamkauli qalisa~ (mari 1910).
laz. Taji `gvirgvini~. nasesxebia sparsulidan Turqulis meSveobiT
(Sdr. spars.-Turq. tač) (Tandilava 2013).
laz. Tingiri `sayure~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. Tilisimi `Tilisma~. ar Tilisimi quRutu,
alis dolobutu
èrTi Tilisma hqonda, yelze ekida~ (Ciqobava 1929, 91).
laz. TuRi `gvirgvini~. TuRi gelogocigesi? `gvirgvini wamogacves?~
(Tandilava 2013).
laz. kumb-i `qalis samkauli~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz.
mawkindi
||
mawindri
`beWedi
(TiTze
wamosacmeli)~.
ix.
megr.
marwkindi.
laz. mindal-i `medali~ (lazuris fondi).
laz. moni `mZivi~. Sdr. gvari moniava.
84
laz. muxuri1 (spars.) `beWedi, Stampi~ (Tandilava 2013). baba-CqimiSi
muxui miRunÁa `mamaCemis beWedi maqvso~ (kartozia 1972, 157).
laz. nusqa || nuska àvgarozi~. nasesxebia Turqulidan. Sdr. Turq. nuska.
lazurSi gvxvdeba misi fonetikuri varianti: muska àvgarozi (Tilisma)
(patara, piriT dasakravi)~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. o uje `yursakidi, sayure~ (Tandilava 2013). nawarmoebi sityvaa,
miRebuli
yuris
aRmniSvnel
uj-
Zirze
daniSnulebis
o-e
afiqsis
darTviT. Sdr. megr. o uje ìd~.
laz. qჲ
ჲosteR-i (Turq. köstek) `Zewkvi~ (lazuris fondi).
laz. yaliS saat-i `gulis (yelis) saaTi~ (lazuris fondi).
laz. yujiS-i `yursakidi, sayure~ (Tandilava 2013). nawarmoebi sityvaa,
miRebuli
yuris
bolosarTis
aRmniSvnel
darTviT,
e.i.
uj-
Zirze
`yurisa~.
naTesaobiTi
lazurSi
am
brunvis
–iS
mniSvnelobiT
dasturdeba Sesityvebebic: uji dolokidale || yujiSi dolokidale ||
ujis gelakidon-i `sayure (yurze dasakidebeli)~.
laz. qÁufe `sayure~. nasesxebia Turqulidan. Sdr. Turq. küpe ìd~.
laz. hilanjuR-i `qalis yelze Camosakidi vercxlis Zewkvi~ (Tandilava
2013).
$ 4. samoslis mosarTavebi
megruli
megr. barTa `balTa~ (qobalia 2010).
megr.
gasanwyo
warmoqmnili
||
sityvaa,
mosanwyo
`gasawyobi,
nawarmoebia
nwyuala
mosarTavi~
(Waraia
1997).
`mowyoba~
zmnisagan
sa-o
daniSnulebis afiqsebisa da ga- an mo- zmniswinebis darTviT. Sdr. laz.
mowyvinu.
megr. kruJao || yruJao || yurJao `maqmani~ (Cveni masala). ix. laz. TenTene
|| tisma.
megr. kuWul-i, kuWula `foCi~.
megr. mosarTe (mo-sa-rT-e) `mosarTavi~ (Waraia 1997).
85
megr. ruSqi `kirkintami kurTaSi giTa unafali (r) Rili~ (Wanturias
arqivi, # 434).
megr. sirma `sayeloze Semosavlebi~ (masalebi 1983, 241). Sdr. qarT.
sirma `sxvaTa enaa, qarTulad oqros-Tma hqvian~ (saba I, 1991). gvxvdeba
aWarulSic: aWar. sirmian-i (Turq. sirma) `naqargi~ (koberiZe 2011, 88).
megr.
foCv-i
`foCi~
||
foCveb-i
`Zvelad
farTo
naqsovi
sartyeli
hqondaT, ganiT erTi mtkaveli. sartyels ori bolo hqonda, romlebsac
foCvebi ekera. ikravdnen marcxena mxareze rgvlad gamokrulad~ (masalebi
1983, 242, 248). Sdr. aWar. foCv-i `Zafis kona~ (koberiZe 2011, 89).
megr. yaiTan-i `gasawyobi masala~ (masalebi 1983, 248).
lazuri
laz. dalalefe `qamarze Camokidebuli rkiniani tyavis Camosakidi~
(Cveni masala).
laz. dolocigale (dolo-cig-al-e) `CasarWobi~ (lazuris fondi).
laz. TenTena `maqmani~. xases TenTena godvaleri uRun `pirbadeze
maqmani aqvs modebuli~ (Cveni masala).
laz. kordela `banti, lenti, bafTa~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. kruJavo `maqmani~ (Tandilava 2013). ix. megr. kruJao.
laz. mecigale (me-cig-al-e) `Zvirfasi qinZisTavi, gulsabnevi~
|| fei
(vaniliSi, Tandilava 1984, 114).
laz. mowifxu (mo-wifx-u) || mowifxuS-i (mo-wifx-u-S-i) `mosarTavi~.
laz. mful-i `Rili~ || ful-i (lazuris fondi). a. Tandilava mas
ganmartavs, rogorc oqros monetas.
laz. sedef-i `Rili~ || sedeф
ф-i. nasexebia Turqulidan. Sdr. qv. aWar.
sedef-i (koberiZe 2011, 90). ix. megr. sadaf-i.
laz. topWa `Tokis gasayreli, gamosabmeli, Sesakravi, pijakis orive
mxares ZafiT dakerebuli~. a. TandilavasTan gvxvdeba kopWa (Turq. kopčča)
`folaqi~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz.
falasqa
`foCebi~.
falasqa
gondvaleÁ
||
goWeri
forCa
`foCebSemovlebuli (Semokerebuli) samosi~ (Cveni masala).
86
laz. qeme-Á `kanti~ (Cveni masala).
laz. Sib-i `gasayreli~ (rezinis an naWris). Sdr. TuS. Sib 1) `vercxlis
Zewkvi~; 2) `gviristuli nakeri~ (cocaniZe 2012). Sibi gvxvdeba sabasTan da
ganmartebulia ase èrTi naqsovi~ (saba I, 1991).
laz. jafrast-i `Sesakravi~ (mari 1910, 157). am sityvas Semdeg enobriv
monacemebs udarebs v. abaevi: qarT. Cabrast-i `Sesakravi~ (dial.) ← spars.
čapr st `Sesakravi~, zan (W) jafrast-i, os. carasi `kauWi~ (kabaze) ← qarT.
(abaevi 1958, 289).
am TavSi aRiwera
da
gaanalizda samoslis
Semadgeneli nawilebi.
kerZod: tanisamosis, fexsamosis, Tavsaburavis nawilebi. gamoikveTa maTi
forma
da
daniSnuleba;
aqve
ganvixileT
samoslis
mosarTavebi
da
samkaulebi.
TematurTan
erTad
gavaanalizeT
misi
struqtura,
ris
Sedegadac
warmoCnda martivi da rTuli saxelebi. warmomavlobis TvalsazrisiT,
SeZlebisdagvarad,
gamovlinda
sakuTriv
megrul-lazuri,
saerToqarTveluri da nasesxebi leqsika.
sayuradReboa
is
garemoeba,
rom
sxvadasxva
jgufis
sityvebi
semantikurad kveTen erTmaneTs.
gamolinda sityvebi, romlebsac gadataniTi mniSvnelobebi gaaCniaT.
V qveTavi
samoseli formisa da ragvarobis mixedviT
megruli
megr.
elaxuWil-i
(e-la-xuW-il-i)
||
moxuWil-i
(mo-xuW-il-i)
`monaoWebuli kaba~ (Cveni masala). nawarmoebia megr. xuWua zmnisagan.
megr. alaginZa (a-la-ginZ-a) `CamogrZelebuli~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. megr.
ginZe `grZeli~.
megr. burd-i ùvargisi, cudi tanisamosi~ (Cveni masala).
87
megr. gakoburdRonil-i (ga-ko-burdR-on-il-i) (mikaqunali) `dafleTili
Casacmeli~
(Cveni
masala).
Sdr.
megr.
akoburdRonil-i
`dafleTili,
aburduli~.
megr.
Tarx-i
(mikaqunali)
`Talxi
tanisamosi~.
Sdr.
qarT.
Talx-i
`samgloviaro ferebi~ (saba I, 1991).
megr. oqaqalaia kaba `friala kaba, kloSiviT~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. megr.
qaqal-i `friali~.
megr. onaraia kaba
`talRiseburi kaba~ (Cveni masala). mu onaraia kaba
mukaqunsu e ZRabis `ra talRiseburi kaba acvia am gogos~.
megr. saomorgualo (sa-o-mo-rgu-al-o) `samgloviaro~ (qobalia 2010).
miRebulia glovis aRmniSvneli megruli rg- Ziridan.
megr. uCa mukaqunal-i `Savi samgloviaro samoseli, ZaZa~ (qobalia 2010).
megr.
ZonZ-i
`ZonZi;
Zalian
Zveli,
dafleTili
tanisamosi;
Cvari~.
(qajaia III, 2002). Sdr. ZonZ-i àrs yo(v)elive samoselTagan Zveli da
nagleji~ (saba I, 1991).
megr. orSialaia (mikaqunali) `Sriala (tanisamosi)~ (Cveni masala). Sdr.
megr. rSial-i `Sriali~.
megr. sasurd-i `sudari, sudara~, Sdr. surdua `sudrva~ (p. W., megr.qarT...). megr. sasurd-i `sasurdi; sudara; micvalebulze gadasafarebeli
an gasaxvevi qsovili; micvalebulis Sesamoseli ― da qveda sacvali an
Zveli xalaTismagvari Casacmeli; sasurdi, upiratesad, TeTri tilosi
unda yofiliyo, radgan abreSumi didxans ar dalpeboda da micvalebuls
Seawuxebda. amasTan, radganac abreSumi Wiisaa, iTvleboda, micvalebuls
matli daexvevao~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. xurxam-i || varandikam-i `yeliani~
(Cveni masala).
megr. dolafir-i `dagdebuli (ubralod Sekerili)~ (Cveni masala).
megr. cxirilia kaba `badisebri qsovilis kaba~ (Cveni masala).
megr. gofre (gofre kaba). Sdr. qarT. gofre (frang. gaufré) 1. erTmaneTze
miwyobilnakecebiani qsovili. 2. aseTi qsovilis qveda kaba (qegli II, 2010).
megr. elaCaxvili kaba àlag-alag amoberili, uformo~ (Cveni masala).
megr. samoWyuduo kaba `sapatarZlo kaba~ (Cveni masala).
megr.
nagurgina
mukaqunal-i
`saqorwino
samoseli
(zogjer
samkvidrodac Seinaxavdnen)~ (qobalia 2010). ix. gurgin-i.
88
megr. sasumaro `sastumro, stumrisTvis gankuTvnili, sagareo samosi~
(qobalia 2010).
megr. rRamil-i || eSarRamil-i `gulamoRebuli, amoWrili~. Sdr. rRamua
`Rrmoba, Rrmulis, Rrantes, fosos gakeTeba~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. konkil-i `konkebi~ (qajaia II, 2002).
megr. RaJuria (mikaqunali) `Wreli~ (qajaia II, 2002).
megr. firfiSia kaba `koxtad, lamazad gaSlili kaba~ (Cveni masala).
megr. firsikia kaba ùbralo kaba~ (Cveni masala).
megr. gur-fiCa kaba `gulgaxsnili (gadaReRili) kaba~ (Cveni masala).
megr. swor-i kaba `swori kaba~ (Cveni masala).
megr. WaWil-i kaba àzborili kaba~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. megr. WaWua
àsxma~.
megr. kloS-i kaba `klioSi~ (Cveni masala). ix. laz. Calistoni фorka.
megr. tkvaCil-i kaba `farTo fenebiani, daplesili kaba~ (Cveni masala).
megr. plesil-i (|| presil-i) kaba `wvrilfenebiani kaba~ (Cveni masala).
megr. butilka kaba `viwro kaba~ (Cveni masala).
megr. alanwy mil-i || gonwy mil-i kaba, palto `Caxsnili kaba, palto~
(Cveni masala). miRebulia megr. nwy ma `gaxsna~ zmnisagan.
megr. alaRaril-i (a-la-Rar-il-i) `Caxsnili~ (Cveni masala).
megr. Tangebian-i `Tangebiani~ (Cveni masala).
megr. gorRamil-i (kaba) `Rrmad CaWrili, Caxeuli, Caxramuli~ (qobalia
2010).
megr. gotebul-i kaba ùbralod Sekerili, moSvebuli kaba (nebismieri
tanisamosi)~ (Cveni masala).
megr. lagujijgura kaba e. i. tomarasaviT kaba (Cveni masala). ix.
laguji.
megr. gosvitil-i (go-svit-il-i) `swori~ (Cveni masala).
megr. ofioraia kaba `friala kaba~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. megr. fior-i
`friali~.
megr. JiSe kloS-i saorsulojgura `zemodan klioSi~ (Cveni masala).
megr. oyvayvaia palto `bewviani~ (Cveni masala).
megr. owawaia (kaba, palto) `grZeli, koxta~ (Cveni masala).
89
megr. oyoraia kaba || palto `lamazad rom irxeva iseTi kaba, palto~
(Cveni masala).
megr.
ofarTxalaia
ùSno,
farTxuna~
(Cveni
masala).
Sdr.
megr.
farTxal-i `farTxuni~.
megr. Wkiril-i uCa `Semouqobavi tansacmeli (zedmiw. daWrili Savi)~
(Cveni masala).
megr. gonwkilir-i kaba `viwro tansacmeli~ (Cveni masala).
megr. awokunta `winidan ufro mokle~. ityvian tansacmelze. Sdr. megr.
kunta `mokle~ (Cveni masala)..
megr. elakunta àlag-alag mokle~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. megr. kunta
`mokle~.
megr. lagirZia àlag-alag grZeli~ (nebismier tanisamosze ityvian).
Sdr. megr. girZe `grZeli~ (Cveni masala).
megr. Sveba `moSvebuli, xalvaTi (samosi)~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. ferTxiSia || firTxiSia ùSnod Sekerili, ubralo~ (Cveni masala).
megr. bambiam-i < bambeam-i `bambiani~ (qajaia II, 2002).
megr. tibu m kaqunal-i `Tbili tansacmeli~ (Cveni masala).
megr.
buJuJam-i
`xaoiani~.
Sdr.
qarT.
buJuJ-i
`cxovaris
tyavi
dagruzvili~ (saba I, 1991).
megr. oSarSalaia `Sriala, Zvirfasi samoseli~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr.
megr. SarSal-i `Sriali~.
megr. Sil-i `moqsovili, naqsovi~ (kilanava 1998). Sdr. megr. Suala
`qsova~.
megr. Wel-i `Sekerili~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr. megr. Wala `kerva~.
megr. oJgvarTalaia ùSnod CamogrZelebuli~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. brelfa `mravalfena~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. gofirfiCel-i `maqmanebiani, foCebiani (kaba); morTul-mokazmuli
(gogona)~ (qobalia 2010).
megr.
aWkiril-i
àWrili,
asxmuli;
gamokvalTuli,
qvemodan
Semotmasnili tansacmeli da masSi gamokveTili nakvTebi~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. mino/m no-finil-i `fenebiani~ (Cveni masala).
megr. WonWil-i `fena-fena erTmaneTze mikerebuli~ (Cveni masala).
90
megr.
foCvam-i
`foCiani,
foCmovlebuli~,
foCvam-i
kaba
`foCiani
||
foCebiani kaba~ (Cveni masala).
megr. kilekunta `moklemklaviani~ (Cveni masala).
megr. girZe xeforCami `grZelsaxeloebiani~ (Cveni masala).
megr.
faRuri
kaba
(mdidruli
kaba)
qudi,
faRuri
m kaquns
(e.
i.
mdidrulad acvia) (Cveni masala).
lazuri
laz. gononsTike `daglejili~ ||
gonosTike `dafleTili~ (Tandilava
2013).
laz. goCablu `fexsacmlisgan formis Secvla xmarebisas~ (Tandilava
2013).
laz. derdoniSi (Sdr. Turq. dert `wuxili~) doloqunu || uCa doluqunu ||
uCaloni `samgloviaro Casacmeli~ (Cveni masala).
laz.
dorki (aTin.)
|| dorkiSi èrTi feris, araWreli (samosi)~ (uzun-
hasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. kirmaRi forCa `gofre kaba~ (Cveni masala).
laz. meqiter-i `daplesili~. meqiter-i forCa `daplesili kaba~ (Cveni
masala).
laz. tuca doloqunu `Tbili tansacmeli~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. megr.
tucua `trusva, fufqva~. ix. megr. tibu mukaqunali.
laz. feSelon-i || feSeron-i forCa `naWrebiani kaba~. feSeron-i forCa
`naWrebiani kaba~ (Cveni masala).
laz. fCxatua doloqunu `brWyviala tansacmeli~ (Cveni masala).
laz. CoxaS-i doloqunu `nabadi~ (Cveni masala).
laz. noRamisluR-i `sadedoflo~ (Cveni masala).
laz. Calistoni
orka `klioSi~ (Cveni masala).
laz. xemkule `moklemklaviani~ (Cveni masala).
laz. xeolon-i `mklaviani~ (Cveni masala).
laz. cigeÁ àzborili~. cigeÁ forCa àzborili kaba~ (Cveni masala).
laz.
xuel-i
||
mexuel-i
àzborili~.
xuel-i
||
mexuel-i
forCa
àzborili kaba~ (Cveni masala).
91
laz.
zewari
`micvalebulis
gadasafarebeli~
(vaniliSi,
Tandilava
1984, 136).
laz. qeф
фin-i `sudara~ (Turq. kefen) (lazuris fondi).
laz. duvaR-i `farda, romelsac gadaafareben patarZals saqorwilo
msvlelobis dros, xeliT uWiravs patarZlis axlobels~. Turq. duvak (ği)
(lazuris fondi).
laz. ZinZola `dafxrewili~ (Tandilava 2013).
mocemul
qveTavSi
dajgufda
samoseli
formisa
da
ragvarobis
mixedviT. am TvalsazrisiT, sityvis analizi mniSvnelovania, radganac is
eris kulturuli yofis Taviseburebebs asaxavs. gamovlinda sxvadasxva
formis samoseli. garda Sinaarsibrivi mxarisa, am jgufSi Semavali
saxelebi
struqturulad.
gvaqvs:
martivi
da
rTuli
saxelebi
da
Sesityvebebi.
VI qveTavi
samoslis masala
am qvejgufSi ganvixilavT im masalas, romelic samoslis (tanisamosis,
fexsamosis,
Tavsaburavis)
sawarmoeblad
gamoiyeneba,
kerZod:
Zafi,
qsovili, tyavi, mcenare, matyli.
1) Zafi
megruli
megr. arTxe Zaf-i èrT xelad amoRebuli Zafi~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. bambeS Zaf-i `bambis narTi~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. kapron-i èrTgvari Zafi~. Sdr. qarT. èrTgvari xelovnuri boWko~
(qegli IV, 1955).
megr. kvirkv-i `Zafis koWi~ (kilanava 1998) || megr. kvikv-i `simrgvale,
narTi gorglad; kanafis ritualuri morgvi, romelsac swiraven kanafis
suls kvikvinas~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. konWiS Zaf-i `koWis Zafi~ (qobalia 2010).
92
megr. land-i (gila oTama abreSumi) èrTi amoReba abreSumis Zafi~
(Waraia 1997); `landi; blondi; Sulo, erTi amoxveva abreSumis Zafi, Zafis
kona~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr. raW. land-i èrTi amoReba abreSumis Zafi~
(beriZe 1912) da aWar. land-i èrTi gabma abreSumis Zafi~ (koberiZe 2011,
83).
megr. landZaf-i èrTi amoxveva, landad amoxveuli Zafi~ (qobalia 2010).
Sdr. aWar. dalandva `landis, xifis damzadeba (Salis Zafs davlandavT,
landebaT gavakeTebT)~ (noRaideli 2008, 17).
megr. laSqva `nemsze erTi ageba Zafi~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. lilaZaf-i `gawvrilebuli Zafi~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. malaTa òqromkedi~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. maxeri || moxeri (Zafi) (Cveni masala).
megr. morgv-i `rgvali~ (yifSiZe 1994) || ZafiSi morgvi || megr. murg-i
`Zafis gorgali~. o. kaxaZis azriT, qarT (imer.) murgv-i `Zafis gorgali~,
igive Ziria, rac Wan. murgv-al-i || mugv-al-i `mrgvali~ (kaxaZe 1987, 20).
Sdr. aWar. murgv-i `morgvi, narTis gorgali~ (noRaideli 2008, 35).
megr. naTuxa `danarTi Zafi,~ `narTi~ (qajaia II, 2002).
megr. namarqva `maqoze darTuli ukuqceuli Zafi~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. orSval-i `dasaqsuli, qseli; saqseli Zafi~ (qobalia 2010).
Sdr.
megr. rSuala `daqselva~.
megr. oSual-i (oSe) `saqsovi~ (kilanava 1998).
megr. omiSor-i igivea, rac omoSir-i `sazedao Zafi~. omoSiri Zafi
`saqsovi Zafi~ (masalebi 1983, 218).
megr. orSual-i `saqseli~ (masalebi 1983, 218). mimReobaa, nawarmoebi
megr. rSuala `daqselva~ zmnidan.
megr. oqroSi Zafi òqros Zafi, oqromkedi~ (qajaia III, 2002).
megr. sirma òqros an vercxlis Zafi, - oqromkedi~ (qajaia II, 2002). ix.
laz. sirma.
megr. anWiS Zaf-i àbreSumis Zafi~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. Sqvila || Sqvilua èrTi amoqna (amoReba) Zafi~. Sdr. Sqvilua
`mSvildiT pentva~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. CxviCxveli Zafi `CamoSlili Zafi~ (Cveni masala).
93
megr. Zaf-i `Zafi; Zili; Zali sakravisa~. Sdr. megr. Zafef-i `Zafebi,
Zafeuloba~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. Zaf do lar-i `Zafi da lari~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. Zafkarkazel-i `Zafis gorgali~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. Zila `wyvili Zafi~ (Cveni masala).
megr. Z ga `matylis Zafi~ (Wanturia 1996, 223).
megr. wiap-i `gawvrilebamde gawelili, ganziduli Zafi (igivea, rac
Wapi)~. wiapel-i `magrad ganaskuli, gawripuli, ukiduresad gawewili da
gawvrilebuli (Zafi)~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr. wiapua `gawvrileba~.
lazuri
laz.
Txveri
`Zafi~
(Tandilava
2013).
mimReobaa,
oTxu
miRebuli
`darTva~ zmnisagan.
laz. kanZ-i `kanZi, kanafisagan aclili Zafis buCqi~ (lazuris fondi).
laz. lor-i1 `Zafis saxeoba nemsSi gasayreli~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz.
mak
||
makaa
||makara
||
makaÁa
`koWis
Zafi~
(lazuris
fondi).
nasesxebia Turqulidan (Sdr. Turq. makara).
laz. montkoiSi nokefe `matlis Zafi~ (Cveni masala).
laz. mtva `Zafi~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. nokef-e || nenkef-i (marii 1910, 30) || nenkef-e || nokef-i (Tandilava
2013) || nonWefi (art.) || noWefi (aTin.) (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007) `Zafi~.
laz. nok-i `wvrili Zafi~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. sirma `sirma, yaiTani~. SqaSa qagegixTeren Txozerefe sirmaSi
`welamde Camogsvlia, dawnili Tma sirmisa~ (vaniliSi, Tandilava 1984,
157). si eko megomsqun ho iar, ho iar, he sirmoni baSluRi `rogor gSvenis
ho iar, ho iar he sirmiani baSluRi~ (vaniliSi, Tandilava 1984, 162).
laz. tono `kenafisagan damzadebuli Zafi~ (vaniliSi, Tandilava 1984,
86).
laz. cqiali `vercxlis Rilebiani Zafi mikerebuli kabis saxeloze
idayvamde~.
2) qsovili
94
megruli
megr.
aknamosa
`Sinnaqsovi,
miblandul-moblanduli,
Sekowiwebuli
qsovili, ablabuda~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. areSum-i (yifSiZe 1994) ||
a(v)reSum-i àbreSumi~
(qobalia 2010).
aruSum do yaznay-i àbreSumi da yaisnaRi~ (krebiTi saxeli dazgiTa da
xeliT naqsovisa) (qobalia 2010). abreSumeuloba igivea, rac abreSumeuli
― àbreSumis qsovilebi~. Sdr. gur. yaW-abreSum-i `qsovili, abreSumisa da
yaWis Zafisgan~ (SaraSiZe 1938).
megr. atlaz-i (yifSiZe 1994) || antlas-i, atlas-i àtlasi~. Sdr. qarT.
atlas-i `naqsovi, lari~ (saba I, 1991).FSdr. megr. antlas-i do arxama
`diba-atlasi, Zvirfasi qsovilebi~ (sazog.) (qobalia 2010).
megr. atrez-i `nebismieri qsovili~ (Cveni masala).
megr. bambazia `bambis Tbili qsovili, rbili, bususiani~ (qajaia I, 2001).
megr.
budusua
`farCeuli,
Zvirfasi
qsovilebi~.
Sdr.
budusuefi
`Zvirfaseuloba~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. glas-i àbreSumis sqeli, mtkice qsovili~ (Wanturias arqivi, #
434).
megr. gogra àbreSumis Savi, usaxo qsovili~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. daraia àbreSumis qsovili, xeliT naqsovi~ (Wanturias arqivi, #
434). Sdr. qarT. daraia àbreSumis qsovili~ || àbreSumis didi mosaxvevi,
madnili~ (qegli III, 1953).
megr.
TasyunT-i
`Zvirfasi
abreSumis
zolebiani,
Zvirfasi
sakabe
qsovili~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. korox-i `Zvirfasi abreSumis saxeli~ (koroxiSi kaba) (Wanturias
arqivi, # 434) || `diba, farCa~ (qajaia II, 2002).
megr.
korCa
`qsovilis
saxeobaa
erTgvari,
selisagan
qsovdnen~
(masalebi 1983, 228).
megr. len-i `laini; lurjad SeRebili qsovili, upiratesad narma~
(qobalia 2010). kabasac da sacvlebsac lenisgan keravdnen, winsafarsac
(masalebi 1983, 242). Sdr. qarT. laini `Sinauri wesiT damzadebuli Txeli
bambis qsovili, upiratesad muq-lurjad SeRebili~ (qegli IV, 1955). qarT.
95
lains
exeba
v.
abaevi:
lain-i
qarT.
`SeRebili
tilo~
<
os.
lajyn
`SeRebili~ < arab. laīn `gluvi, rbili~ (abaevi 1958, 142).
megr. len-i (CineTis) `Txeli, Cinuri leni~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. leni (baRdadis) `moSavo, sqeli leni~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. lobidani èrTgvari qsovili~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. materia `qsovili~. Sdr. qarT. materia saubr. `qsovili~ (laT.
materia) (qegli V, 1958).
megr.
melez-i
àbreSumis
qsovili,
qselad
(òrSvalo~)
iyenebdnen
abreSumebs, misaqselad sels (Txviri), qsovils mduRareSi amoavlebdnen
(`dogibundes~),
riTac
igi
rbili
xdeboda,
ixmareboda
qalebis
saperanged~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. mis r li yuni `Zvirfasi abreSumis sirmiani qsovili; TasyunTi
amaze ufro mdare iyo~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. mitkal-i èrTgvari qsovili~. Sdr. qarT. mitkal-i (arab. mitkal)
`bambis TeTri qsovili~ (qegli V, 1958).
megr.
movizi
yanaozi
`Wreli
sakabe,
Zvirfasi,
Cinuri~
(Wanturias
arqivi, # 434).
megr. narma `narma, bandi, dolbandi~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr. qarT. narma
`bambis qsovili, uxeSi mitkali~ (qegli V, 1958).
megr. noWker-i `naWeri (qsovilisa)~. mimReobaa, nawarmoebi megr. Wkirua
`Wra~ zmnidan.
megr. obarbale CinTi `wminda barbalesaTvis Sesawiri qsovili, feradi,
upiratesad wiTeli da TeTri or arSinamde zomis CiTis naWrebi an
saalabo
Tavsafrebi,
romelTac
tovebdnen
sakraluri,
wminda
xeebis
totebze an mihqondaT salocavSi, sadac eklesiis msaxurebi saforebad
dafarnebad iyenebdnen~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. pint-i `binti, Cvari, WinWi~ || pintia `WinWris, Cvris nagleji~
(qajaia II, 2002).
megr. pirkal-i. Sdr. qarT. pirkal-i ìgivea, rac mitkali~ (qegli VI,
1960).
megr.
JirganiS-i
òrganiani
(qsovili)~
(qobalia
2010).
kompozitia,
miRebuli megr. Jir- òri~ da gan- `gani~ fuZeebis SeerTebiT, romelsac
darTuli aqvs naT. brunvis –iS niSani.
96
megr. sakabo `sakabe~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. salamarja `moxatuli (qsovili)~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. saosaro `saperange~ (Waraia 1997).
megr. satina `priala qsovili~. Sdr. qarT. satin-i (satinisa) [arab. zaitun
(CineTis
erT-erTi
navsadguris
saxelwodebidan)]
atlasiviT
priala
qsovili bambisa an abreSumisa. otia ... satinis axaluxiT ... Camovida
qalaqSi (d. kld.). lurji satinis sada tansacmeli ver faravda ...
[jeiranis] sxeulis lamaz agebulebas (a. Wumb.) (qegl VI, 1960).
megr. fakva || fakv-i `Zveli, uvargisi qsovili, migdebuli, flasi~
(qobalia 2010).F
megr.
faneli
frangulidan
`flaneli~
(Sdr.
frang.
(qajaia
flanelle)
III,
2002).
(qegli
VII,
qarTulSi
1962),
nasesxebia
megrulSi
ki
qarTulidanaa damkvidrebuli.
megr. farCa `farCa, Zvirfasi qsovilis naWeri~. Sdr. qarT. farCa (spars.
farCah) 1. erTgvari Zvirfasi abreSumis qsovili. 2. qsovili saerTod, farTali.
megr. forCa `farCa~. forCas qsovdnen selis Zafisagan daraiasaviT,
mxolod misi gani ufro viwro iyo, vidre daraiasi. forCisagan Zvelad
mamakacis perangs keravdnen, muxlebamde grZeli iyo (masalebi 1983, 240).
qaTirCes forCa falo `qveS daiges mxolod forCa~ (mas., 77). Sdr. qarT.
farCa1 (farCisa) [spar. farCah] 1. erTgvari Zvirfasi abreSumis qsovili.
siRaribem farCis kaba gamacveTinao (andaza). [mJaunaSvilma] Caicva farCis
axaluxi (n. lom.). || figur. ra xania baRSi xeebs ar acvia mwvane farCa (g.
kaWax.). 2. qsovili, saerTod, _ farTali. rva Tvis Semdeg durmiSxanma
mTeli qaravani sxvadasxva farCebisa wamoiRo stambolidan (d. Wonq.).
`CavagebT ... [soroSi] Tbilad, rac mogvxdeba _ ...ZonZmanZi, svadasxva
farCis nakerebi, ... Cala, _ davaTbunebT da mere Sig CavsxdebiT~ (T.
razik.). qarT. farCa2 (farCisa) Zv. naWeri, nawili. erTi mTeli cxvari eqvsi
farCa aris: ori farCa _ ori mxari, gverdebi; ori farCa _ ori[v]
barklebi, erT farCad _ zurgis Zvali, erT farCad _ mkerd-kiseri
(«dasturl.») (qegli VII, 1962).
megr. fSali (Wanturias arqivi, # 434) || Sal-i `Sali~ (qajaia III, 2002).
Sdr. megr. Salobua `Saleuli~ (qobalia 2010).
97
megr. RarTa `Coxis naWrebi CeqmaSi Casataneblad~ (qobalia 2010).
RarTi
megr.
`Coxis
qsovili~
(akaki
Wanturias
arqivi).
RarTi
ix.
samoslis saxeobebSi.
megr. yanaoz-i àbreSumis saxeoba~ (qobalia 2010); àbreSumis qsovili~
(Waraia 1997). es sityva qarTulSic dasturdeba da v. abaevi mas akavSirebs
saTanado
osur
da
sparsul
qsovilis saxeoba~ ← os.
formebTan:
anawyz ← spars.
qarT.
yanaoz-i
àbreSumis
an viz (abaevi 1973, 263).
megr. yarmandul-i || yarmandlo èrTgvari qsovilia wminda matylisa,
saaxaluxe, mbzinvare Savi ferisa~ (qobalia 2010).F
megr. yunTi èrTgvari qsovili~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. SaliS anWi `Salnarevi abreSumi~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. CeSi `bambis qsovili~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434). ix. CeSi samoslis
saxeobebTan.
megr. CinT-i `CiTi~. Sdr. qarT. CiT-i (ind. Cit) `bambis Txeli, saxeebiani
qsovili~
(qegli
VIII,
1964).
Sdr.
TuSuri
CiT
`Sinauri,
matylis
narTisagan naqsovi da nakeri fexsacmeli ― faCuCi~ (cocaniZe 2012).
megr. Coxa `Sinmoqsovili Sali~ (qajaia III, 2002).
megr. cxomuri `wminda selis (Txviris) ubralo qsovili~ (Wanturias
arqivi, # 434).
megr. xaverd-i || xavedi `xaverdi~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr. qarT. xaverd-i
karg pirze xaos mqone qsovili (Cveulebriv, abreSumisa). [xvaramzes] tanze
Savi xaverdis qaTibi acvia (m. javax.). || am qsovilis tanisamosi. mefe...
xaverdebSi gamowyobili (v. barn.). (qegli VIII, 1964).
megr. xak-i `sqeli qsovili~. Sdr. qarT. xak-i1 (xakisa) 1. sqeli, uxeSi
qsovili. 2. kuTx. (TuS.) tomara, sacalo~ (qegli VIII, 1964).
megr. xamle `xami bambisagan~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. xamien-i `xami~. bambeSe Sundes xamiens `bambisgan qsovdnen xams~
(qajaia
III,
qsovilisagan
2002).
xamien-i
keravdnen
igivea,
sabnis
rac
leibis
xamiel-i,
pirs,
xamie-i
zewars,
-
zeda
bambis
da
am
qveda
sacvlebs, pirsaxocs da a. S. Sdr. xam-i `bambis SeuRebavi qsovili, Sin
darTuli (msxvili) Zafisagan~ (masalebi 1983, 228; qajaia III, 2002). Sdr.
qarT. xam-i (xamisa) [spar. xam) 1. daumuSavebeli, gamouyvaneli, mouqneli.
98
xami Zafi. _ xami CiTi. _ xami tyavi. 2. bambis SeuRebavT qsovili, Sin
darTuli (msxvili) Zafisgan. wiTel perangsa giyidi, Torem xami bevriao
(xalx.). || egeve qsovili, raime ferad SeRebili. xali... gaxsnil wiTeli
xamis
perangs
SeuRebavi
ucodinari.
icvamda
da
(vaJa).
daumuSavebeli.
èh,
Cemo
kargebo,
3.
teq.
4.
jer
qsovili
saqsov
gamoucdeli,
Tqven
dazgaze,
SeuCveveli;
gamoucdeli,
xamebi
jer
risame
xarT,
guSindeli balRebi, kargad ver icnobT muxTal wuTisofelsa!~ (vaJa)
(qegli VIII, 1964).
megr.
xamCe
botan.
`bamba~;
igivea,
rac
xamle,
xamleni,
―
bambis
Zafisagan Sin moqsovili materia (qajaia III, 2002).
megr. xara àbreSumis sqeli qsovili, rogorc gogra, erTi ferisa,
magari da gamZle iyo~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. jvalo ùxeSi, Txis bewvnarevi qsovili~. Sdr. qarT. jvalo 1.
ùxeSi, Txis bewvnarevi qsovili~. 2. (aWar.) igivea, rac tomara (qegl VIII,
1964). dasturdeba javaxurSic: jvali `tomara~ (beriZe 1981).
lazuri
laz. antlas-i || atlas-i àtlasi~. Sdr. qarT. atlas-i `naqsovi, lari~
(saba I, 1991); àbreSumis priala qsovili~ (qegli I, 2008). m. koberiZe mas
arabul nasesxobad ganixilavs (koberiZe 2011, 93).
laz. astar-i ùxeSi tilo, xami~ (Turq. astar `sarCuli~) (lazuris
fondi).
laz. bez-i (Turq. bez) `tilo, parusina, narma, qsovili~ (lazuris
fondi).
laz. batanÁe `qsovili erTgvari~ (lazuris fondi).
laz. dibet-i (furt.) `qsovilis saxeoba~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi,
aleqsiva 2007).
laz. diril-i `qsovilis saxeoba~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. ifeR-i (Turq. ipek) àbreSumi~ (lazuris fondi). Sdr. ombriSumiSi
|| ifeqli (Turq. ipekli) àbreSumis~. dadefeq qomoiRates ifeRiSi mendili
`mdidrebma (mdidrebs) mohqondaT abreSumis cxvirsaxoci~ (Ciqobava 1929,
67).
99
laz. Ta Ta `qsovilis saxeoba~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. kalata `qsovilis saxeoba~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. karamandula `Savi feris qsovili~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz.
kati -e
nasesxebia
`xaverdi~.
Turqulidan.
gamsesxebeli
eniseuli
arabuli
Sdr.
d
warmoSobis
(arab.-Turq.
fonema
kadife)
lazurSi
sityvaa,
romelic
(Tandilava
k-sTan
2013).
mezoblobaSi
gamkveTrebulia da gadasulia t-Si.
laz. kenevew-e || keneviz-i `Zvelad moskovidan Semotanili qsovilis
saxeoba~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
koknew-i
laz.
(furt.)
`qalebis
welze
Semosaxvevi
Salisagan
damzadebuli sakabe~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz.
kumaS-i
qodovandvi
èrTgvari
kumaSi
qsovili,
`tansacmels
abreSumi~.
Camomitans,
doloqunu
davabare
momimers,
abreSumisa~
(vaniliSi, Tandilava 1984, 156). Sdr. Turq. kumaš `qsovili~.
laz. lemza `Zafis qsovili~, Sdr. – melezi abreSumi (Tandilava 2013).
laz. mal-i4 `naWeri, qsovili~. nasesxebi unda iyos Turqulidan. Sdr.
Turq. mal.
laz. mandabol-i `mitkali~ (lazuris fondi).
laz. mekdas-i || metaqs-i || mektas-i || metaqs-e àbreSumi~ (Tandilava 2013)
|| metas-i (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. mSard-i (Tandilava 2013) || mSal-i || mSalT-i `Sali~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. naÁloniı `neiloni~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. narma `narma~ (lazuris fondi). ix. megr. narma.
laz. ombriSumi àbreSumi~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. omoqsura `zemodan naqargi TeTri feris qsovili~ (Tandilava
2013).
laz. pinti `Cvari, binti~ (Tandilava 2013). ix. megr. pinti.
laz.
JorJeti
||
JaJoti
(viw.)
`bambisgan
damzadebuli
qsovilis
saxeoba~(uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. saz-i àbreSumi~.
100
laz. satina || satena `satina~ (qsovili) (Tandilava 2013). ix. megr.
satina.
laz. skalati1 `maudi~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. sukno `maudi~. nasesxebia rusulidan (Tandilava 2013).
laz. tilo (lazuris fondi)
|| vilar-i `tilo~ (yifSiZe 1994, 85).
laz. tkomila2 `SeRebili abreSumi~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. farCa `naWeri~. a&a фorkaSi meWkireli farCa ma moT miRun àm
kabis naWeri me ratom maqvs?~ (Ciqobava 1929, 28).
laz. fiTikozi `materiaa – fildekosi~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. Sal-i (Turq. šal) `Sali~. Sdr. qarT. Sal-i (Salisa) 1. matylis
qsovili. maudis, Salisa da abreSumis tanisamosi TiTqmis yvela kacsa da
qalsa aqvs (i. gogeb.). [beglars] Savi Sarvali da TeTri Salis windebi
acvia (n. lorTq.). gamoSvebulia didi raodenobiT ... Salis, abreSumisa da
bambis qsovilebi; 2. qalis Tbili mosasxami (mosaxvevi) matylis sqeli
qsovilisa, [oTaraanT qvrivma] moixvia Tavs Savi Sali (ilia). Tebro,
Tavidan fexebamdis dedis SalSi gaxveuli, cxenze ijda (vaJa) (qegli VII,
1962). iv. javaxiSvili mas qarTulSi sparsul nasesxobad miiCnevs. qarT.
Sal-i (term.) ← spars. šal `qsovilis saxeoba~ (masalebi 1983, 165, 299).
laz. Cadir-i 1) `narma~. 2) `karavi~ (lazuris fondi). a. Tandilava
ganmartavs rogorc `tilos (Tandilava 2013).
laz. CeCe `maudi~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. CiT-i `CiTi~. sityvis istoriisaTvis ix. megr. CiT-i.
3) tyavi
megruli
megr. balaRia `xbos tyavis saqalamne~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. bua `bewvi~. Sdr. buaSi `bewvisa~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. kan-i `tyavi, kani~. jveSo kaniS Caflas Wandes `Zvelad tyavis
fexsacmels keravdnen~ (Cveni masala).
101
megr. kvaxCa `qeCxo; Txisa da cxvris tyavi bewviani~. Txis an cxvris
Tmiani tyavi, romelsac mwyemsebi iyeneben qveSsagebad (mTaSi); xmaroben
mosasxamad (saxeloebi ara aqvs, mwyemss ufaravs zurgs) (qajaia II, 2002).
megr. sakanCaflo `saqalamne~ (qobalia 2010).
megr.
tyeb-i
`tyavi~.
tkeb-i,
laz.
teb-i
`kani,
tyavi~.
es
fuZeebi
saerToqarTvelurad miiCneva samecniero literaturaSi: qarT. tyav-i :
zan. tyeb- || tyab-, tyeb-i || tkeb-i `tyavi~, tyab-ar-u-a `gatyaveba~, gur. ←
zan. tyobura, qarT. tyav-i, tyav-eb-a, gada-e-tyav-eb-a, a-tyav-eb-s, svan.
ty ef- || ty f- || ty f- (a-x- ty f) (zs., lSx.) x-e- ty ef-en-i lnt. `sZvreba
(tyavi, kani)~, me- ty ef-e àtyavebuli~ (Cuxua 2000-2003, 218).
megr. qandaq-i `saqalamne, gamoyvanili da Soltebad aWrili tyavi
Rorisa; satyave Rori; erTgvari gadasaxadi Zv. samegreloSi. e. w. xmeli
begara. gadaixdeboda saSaSxe RoriT da tyaviT~ (qobalia 2010).
megr.
Sigrin-i
`Zvirfasi
tyavi
(sagrenidan);
Zvirfasi
samoseli
sazogadod~. Sdr. Sigrini do budusua `Zvirfasi tyavi da qsovili;
Zvirfasi samoseli (sazog.)~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. Sort-i `tyavis erTi naWeri.~ Zroxis an Roris tyavs TiTo
modvalaT (Cacmad) grZlad davWridiT, erT naWers Sorti ewodeboda
(masalebi 1983, 243); `Solti, fena, saqonlis tyavis an xis qerqis anaWeri
mTel sigrZeze, erTi fena tyavi, saqalamne tyavi; sazomi erTeulicaa
tyavisa (erTi Zroxis tyavi 8-14 Sortia, Sortisgan 6-7 qalamani gamodis)~
(qobalia 2010).
megr. wilamur-i `bewvi, Wavli (nabdisa)~ (qobalia 2010).
lazuri
laz. gÁoni (Turq. gön) `tyavi~.Aar qalamaniSi gÁoni miRun Senaxei èrTi
qalamanis tyavi maqvs Senaxuli~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. Toma `bewvi, Tma~ qalamani do CafulaSi doloxe mCxuiSi TomaSi
wineki
Sufan
do
muidumelan
`qalamnisa
da
wuRis
SigniT
cxvris
bewvisagan windas qsoven da icvamen~ (Ciqobava 1929, 150).
laz. TulaWi `tyavis saxeoba~ (Tandilava 2013).
102
laz. siriRi (Turq. sirik) `qalamnis Sesakeri tyavis zonari, Snuri~
(Tandilava 2013).
laz. tkeb-i || teb-i || keb-i `tyavi, kani~ (Tandilava 2013). si mTuTiSi
tkebiSi ar didi forCa domiWi `Sen daTvis tyavisgan erTi didi perangi
Semikere~
(lazuris
fondi).
amJamad
tkebis
nacvlad
gavrcelebulia
Turqulidan nasesxebi fosti.
laz. fomfolozi `bewvi (?), xao (?), RinRli (?)~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. fost-i || fosT-i `tyavi (cxvrisa gaukreWavi)~ (Cveni masala).
4) mcenare
megruli
megr. bambaia
ùxarisxo bamba, bambis qsovili~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. bambe `bamba~. Sdr. qarT. bamba 1. teqnikur kulturaSi farTod
gavrcelebuli erTwlovani balax-mcenare; datotvilia, aqvs momrgvalo
foTlebi; iZleva sarTav masalas. 2. amave mcenaris nayofSi gamoxveuli
TeTri boWko, romelsac saTanado damuSavebis Semdeg iyeneben safeiqro
mrewvelobaSi, medicinaSi da sxva (qegli II, 2008).
v. abaevi qarT. bambas
udarebs osuri enis saTanado formas da miaCnia sparsul nasesxobad:
qarT. bamba ← spars. pambah || os. b$
$mb$g
$g || b$
$mp$g
$g `bamba~ (abaevi 1958, 249).
iv. javaxiSvili aRniSnavs, rom XII-XIII saukuneebSi bambis qsovilebi
saqarTvelodan ucxoeTSic ki gahqondaT (javaxiSvili 1930, 143).
megr. kif-i || k f-i `kanafi; uxeSi, magari ram sazogadod~. kifiS kurTa
`kanafis sacvali; gaWirvebisa, gaWirvebulis samyofi (gadat.)~ (qobalia
2010). Sdr. qarT. kanaf-i 1. èrTwlovani boWkovani mcenare, aqvs maRali
Rero,
TaTisebri
foTlebi
da
orsaxliani
wvniki
yvavilebi;
misi
Rerosagan amzadeben sarTav boWkos – qerels~. 2. àm mcenaris qerqi –
sarTavi boWko~ (qegli IV, 1955). iv. javaxiSvilis azriT, qarT. kanaf-i ←
berZn. <annabis (javaxiSvili 1930, 395). v. Tofuria qarT. kanafs ukavSirebs
svan. qan, q nS==r `kanafis Teslis guliani puri~ (Tofuria 1979, 166).
megr. su || fsu `seli~. forCas akeTebdnen susagan `selisagan~ (masalebi
1983, 240). `Zveli antikuri xanis mwerlebis cnobebis Tanaxmad, kolxeTi
103
ganTqmuli iyo selis nawarmis maRali xarisxiT. uTuod seli qarTuli
sityva unda iyos da SeiZleba qarTul qsels ukavSirdebodes da misgan
momdinareobdes~ (ciciSvili 1954, 4). ix. laz. fsiji.
megr. Wilof-i `Wilobi~ (Waraia 1997) || Wil-i || Wilo `Wili, leli,
Waobis
wvrili
mcenare
(sazog.)~.
Sdr.
Wilobua
`Wilis
nakeTobani~
(qobalia 2010).
lazuri
laz. bambu `bamba~ (lazuris fondi). Llaz. Bbambaki `bambis saxeoba~
(Tandilava 2013).
laz. fambuRi `bamba~ (Turq. pamuk) (Tandilava 2013).
laz. fsij-i || sij-i `seli~. ha&a fsijiTe gefSumT àmas seliT vqsovT~
(lazuris fondi). rogorc osman-bei aRniSnavs, `lazuri seli maRali
xarisxisaa da iqaurebi imisagan qsoven tilos, romelic saxelmoxveWilia
aRmosavleTSi~ (osman-bei 1874, 364).
laz. sule-i `seli, kanafi~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. Wefr-i || ke -i `kanafi~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. xuten-i ùTeslo kanafi~ (Tandilava 2013).
5) matyli
megruli
megr. beWva montyori `bewva matyli~ (qajaia I, 2001).
megr. buTa `gazafxulze ganakreWi, pirveli gakreWis matyli~ (qobalia
2010). nabuTu montyori `gazafxulze gakreWili matyli~. Sdr. afx. ab>a
(Waraia 1997). xevsurulSi gvxvdeba: buTuT-i `xSirmatylianis epiTeti~
(WinWarauli 2005).
megr.
oTuxal-i
`TiTistarze
dasarTavi
matyli,
bamba,
saZaxavi,
sarTavi~ (qajaia III, 2002).
104
megr. kanZ-i `kvanZi, erTi xveula matylisa~ (qobalia 2010). es fuZe
nawarmoebia kanZua zmnidan `gakreWa cxvrisa, kanZiT, matyliT datena
risame~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. kvarkvaSa montyor-i `daxveuli matyli, matylis qula, kurkumela~
(qobalia 2010). am fuZes m. Cuxua saerToqarTvelurad ganixilavs: zan.
kvarkvaSa
(megr.)
`qula
(matylisa)~,
qarT
(mTiul.)
kvirsl-i
`bewvi
Salisa~, svan. kunk s `narTi, Sulo (Zafisa)~. s. qarTv. *k irs-(l) `qula
(matylisa)~ → qarT. kvirsl-i, zan. kvar-kvaSa ← k irS-k irSa, svan. kunk s
← k ir-k eSa ← *k irS-k irSa (Cuxua 2000-2003, 130). vvaraudobT, rom
kvarkvaSa nawarmoebi unda iyos megr. kvarkvaSua `daxveva~ zmnisagan.
megr. montyor-i `matyli~. nagval/
montyor-i `mTis matyli~ (masalebi
1962, 213).
megr. fatana `fTila, fartena~ (masalebi 1962, 218). Sdr. fart-en-a
`matylis fTila~ (saba II, 1993).
megr. qeqil-i `dafeTili, ganmurkluli (matyli)~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. Rawawa `metad nazi matyli, grZelbewviani~ (qajaia III, 2002).
lazuri
laz. montkor-i `matyli~ (lazuris fondi).
laz. ÁafaRi (Turq.) `matyli~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. Áuni `matyli~ (Turq. yün) (Tandilava 2013).
am
qveTavSi
ganvixileT
samoslis
masala.
gamovlinda,
Tu
risgan
mzaddeboda samoseli. am TvalsazrisiT, aseTi suraTi miviReT: samoslis
masalad
gamoiyeneboda:
struqturulad
gvaqvs:
Zafi,
qsovili,
tyavi,
martivi,
rTuli
saxelebi
mcenare,
da
matyli.
Sesityvebebi.
warmomavlobis mxriv, sakuTriv megrul-lazuri, saerToqarTveluri da
nasesxebi leqsika.
105
Tavi II. samoslis CacmasTan da gaxdasTan dakavSirebuli sityvebi
am
TavSi
dakavSirebul
Tavsaburavis
ganvixilavT
zmnebs.
samoslis
cal-calke
daxurvis,
Cacma-daxurvis,
warmovadgenT
fexsamosis
Cacmis,
gaxdasTan
tanisamosis
morTvisa
da
Cacmis,
agreTve,
tanisamosis, fexsamosis gaxdis, Tavsaburavis moxdisa da mosarTavebis
moxsnis aRmniSvnel leqsikur erTeulebs.
1) tanisamosis Cacma
megruli
megr. (muko)quna (muko-qun-a) `Cacma, daburva, SefuTva~. gamoiyofa qunsaerToqarTveluri Ziri. misi warmomavlobis Sesaxeb ix. megr. mikoqvenj-i.
mikiqunans
ìcvams~.
am
Zirisgan
aris
nawarmoebi
moquna
(mo-qun-a)
||
ginoquna (ginoquna) `mosxma, mocmma~. nabadi qigniqunu do midarT `nabadi
Caicva da wavida~. goquna `Semoxurva, Semoburva (gaquns `Semoxveuli
aqvs~)~. gvaqvs am Zirisagan nawarmoebi mimReobebi, romlebsac gadataniTi
mniSvnelobac
miko/mukoqunel-i
aqvT.
`Cacmuli~;
`tanisamosiT
uzrunvelyofili~. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, -qun Zirs aqvs `daburvis,
SefuTvis~
mniSvneloba:
diqunu
`Tbilad
Caicva,
SeifuTa~.
aqedan
nawarmoebi qunil-i `daTbunuli, SefuTuli, burvili, mosili~ (qobalia
2013). qun- Zirisagan iwarmoeba samoslis zogadi saxeobis aRmniSvneli
sxvadasxva fuZe. ix. mikaqunal-i, ginaqunal-i,, maqunal-i. sainteresoa,
agreTve,
tanisamosis
waRma
da
ukuRma
Cacmis
aRmniSvneli
sityvebi.
kerZod, megr. morZgviSe mukoquna `waRma Cacma~, zedmiw. `marjvnisken
Cacma~, kvarCxiSe mukoquna ùkuRma Cacma~, zedmiw. `marcxnisken Cacma~,
arsebobs amis paraleluri forma: mundkile mukoquna ùkuRma Cacma~.
megr. aTabirZR
(aTa-biZR )
`viwro, mokle Sarvali an sacvali acvia~.
gamoiyofa birZR- Ziri. Sdr. birZRafa `potineba, bRauWi~.
megr. aTo unafa (aTo- un-afa) `kabis qveS perangis (welamde) Cacma~. Sdr.
un-
( un-afa)
romelic
`Tanxleba~.
gvaZlevs
mixedviT: mila unafa
gvaqvs
semantikur
am
Ziris
sxvaobas
Semcveli
samoslis
sxva
erTeulic,
adgilmdebareobis
(mila- un-afa) `kabis an nebismieri gareTa samoslis
106
qveS ramis Cacma, Cayolieba~. am zmnuri Zirisagan aris nawarmoebi SigniTa
samoslis aRmniSvneli zogadi saxelebi: mila unafal-i || aTa unafal-i.
qvedaboloSi,
SarvalSi
gamomxatveli
sityvac
`Catanieba,
Cayolieba~.
an
fexsacmelSi
iwarmoeba
am
am
ramis
Ziridan:
semantikur
Cataniebis
ino unafa
mravalferovnebas
Sinaarsis
(ino- un-afa)
gansazRvravs
zmniswini.
megr. awokirua (awo-kir-ua) `winsafris wakvra~. gamoiyofa kir- (kir-ua)
`Sekvra~. farTukis awikirans `winsafars waikravs~. es saerToqarTveluri
fuZea. Sdr. qarT. kar- || kr- (v-kar, Se-v-kar) : megr. kir- || k r- (kirua|| k rua) : laz. kor- || kir- (o-kor-u || o-kir-u) `Sekvra~ (fenrixi, sarjvelaZe
2000, 170).
megr. burua `daburva, dafareba~, buruns ìburavs, ifarebs~ (qajaia II,
2002). buril-i `daburuli, dafuruli~.
megr. ganWu (ga-nW-u) (palto, nabadi an nebismieri Sesakraviani, gaxsnili
gonWafa (go-nWa-fa) || gonWa
samosi) `moergeba, Semoswvdeba samosi~. Sdr.
(go-nW-a) `wvdoma, gawvdoma~.
megr. garokans `mokle tanisamosi acvia~ (Cveni masala).
megr. ginofaxua (gino-fax-ua) `wamokoseba~. nabadi ginafaxudes `nabadi
hqondaT wamokidebuli (wamokosebuli)~ (qajaia I, 2001). Sdr. fax- (fax-ua)
`faxva matylisa~ (qobalia 2010).
megr.
gojvanjua
`SefuTva,
gaxveva~.
sityva
aRniSnul
Sinaarss
gamoxatavs zogadad, igulisxmeba nebismieri sagnis SefuTva an gaxveva.
magram is bevri samoslis erTad an uSnod
arTo
qimkijvanju
`yvelaferi
erTad
Cacmasac niSnavs: ifreli
Caicva,
SeifuTa,
Semoixvia~.
gojvanjvil-i `SefuTnuli, gaxveuli~. sqeli an ramdenime Tavsafris
erTad Semoxvevasac niSnavs: iuka gamkinwyu do TiT gojvanjvili q morT
udeSa `qveda kaba gaiZro da imiT SefuTnuli movida saxlSi~ (xubua 1937,
140).
megr. gino oTama (gino- oT-ama) `mogdeba (mxarze)~. gamoiyofa oT- ( oTama) Ziri `srola, gadagdeba~; gvaqvs am Zirisagan nawarmoebi muko oTama
(muko- oT-ama) `tansacmlis swrafad Cacma, mogdeba~. es fuZe tansacmlis
107
gaxdasac
aRniSnavs,
magram
konteqstis
mixedviT
unda
ganvasxvavoT
Sinaarsi. mag.: kabas ucbas qimki oTans `kabas uceb Caicvams, zedmiw.
`moigdebs~; kabas gamki oTans `kabas swrafad gaixdis, zedmiw. `gaagdebs~.
am zmnisagan nawarmoebi leqsikuri erTeulebi fexze Cacma-gaxdis, Tavze
daburvisa
da
Tavsaburavis
moxdis
aRsaniSnavadac
gamoiyeneba.
am
Zirisgan fexze swrafad Cacmis, Tavze swrafad daburvis, welze swrafad
sartylis
Semortymis
aRmniSvneli
sityvebic
iwarmoeba. ix. mo oTama,
ge oTama, gi/ To oTama.
megr. gorinafa (go-rina-fa) `tanze moyvana, morgeba (Coxisa), gorinel-i
`tans momdgari (Coxa)~ (qobalia 2010). es sityva zedmiwevniT niSnavs:
`garSemo yofna~. piriani formac ewarmoeba mas: gare – kaba gare `kaba
momdgari aqvs~, zedmiw. `garSemo aris~. am formaSi ga- zmniswinia, re ki –
àris~.
megr.
doforua
(do-for-ua)
`Semosva
(Sesudrvis)
mniSvnelobiT~.
gamoiyofa for- Ziri, difor `Seisudra~. doforili gilurcu `Semosili
(Sesudruli dadis)~. am zmnisagan aris nawarmoebi samoslis zogadi
saxeli gaforal-i `Sesamoseli, Semosafarebeli~.
megr. doZonZua (do-ZonZ-ua) daZonZva, daxunZvla; ZaZebiT Sesudrva;
ZonZebSi gaxveva (qobalia). ZonZ- Ziridan aris nawarmoebi doZonZil-i
`ZaZebiT Sesudruli, ZonZebSi gaxveuli~. Sdr. ZonZ-i `ZonZi, daZonZili,
zonzroxa~. SesaZloa is nazmnari saxelia. Sdr. qarT. ZonZ-i `Zveli,
dafleTili tanisamosi~.
megr. mukorsxipua || mikorsxipua || m korsxipua (muko-rsxip-ua || mikorsxip-ua
||
gamoiyofa
m ko-rsxip-ua)
rsxip-
`viwro
(rsxip-ua)
Ziri
an
Semotkecili
`Semosxepa,
tanisamosis
Semotkeca,
Cacma~.
gansxirpva,
gaWimva~. (qobalia 2010). mikirsxipans `viwro tanisamoss Zlivs icvams ise,
rom
Semosxepili
aqvs~.
Sesabamisad,
morsxipil-i
kaba
`Semosxepili,
Semotkecili kaba~. viwro an Semotkecili Sarvlis Cacmasac niSnavs –
mirsxipans
`viwro
an
Semotkecil
Sarvals
icvams~.
Sesabamisad,
morsxipil-i Sarvali `Semosxepili, Semotkecili Sarvali~. mocemuli
fuZe
viwro,
motkecili
fexze
qudis
momjdari
daxurvis
fexsacmlis
aRmniSvnel
Cacmisa
da
sityvebsac
viwro
Tavze
awarmoebs.
ix.
108
morsxipua, gersxipua. samecniero literaturaSi saanalizo fuZis amgvari
qarT. sxerp- || sxirp- (gan-sxirp-v-a) `gakvra~ : megr.
dakavSireba arsebobs:
rsxip- (go-rsxip-u-a) `gakvra; moWera~; i-rsxip-un-s ùWers~ < *sxirp-, : svan.
cxep- || cxip- (x-a-cxip àrtyia~, x-e-cxp-i `Semoertymis, ertymeba~; x-e-cxep-i
(lnt.) < * sxep- (fenrixi, sarjvelaZe 2000, 278). megr. rsxip- Zirisagan
iwarmoeba
viwro,
Semotkecili
fexsacmlis
Cacmis
an
Tavsaburavis
daxurvis aRmniSvneli sityvebi. ix. megr. morsxipua, gersxipua.
megr. (dudiSi) inoRala (ino-Ral-a) `Tavis Cayofa tanisamosSi (Cacma)~.
gamoiyofa Ral- (Ral-a) `waReba, tareba~. ZiuT iniR
dudi kabaSa `Zlivs
Cayo Tavi kabaSi (Zlivs Caicva)~. am Zirisagan iwarmoeba fexsacmlis
Cacmis aRmniSvneli sityva. ix. (kuCxiSi) inoRala.
megr. inoCvaCvafa (ino-CvaCva-fa) ùSnod Catanieba~. gamoiyofa CvaCvaZiri, romlic gaorkecebuli Cans (*Cva-Cva). iniCvaCvans ùSnod Caitaniebs~.
gvaqvs am Ziridan nawarmoebi inoCvanCvil-i ùSnod Cataniebuli~.
megr.
(mu/ kaqunali)
gatkaC
(ga-tkaC
)
(
||
mu/ katkaC
(mu/ ka-tkaC )
Semotkecili aqvs~. Sdr. gotkaCua (go-tkaC-ua) `gaWedva
`tansacmeli
risame~.
megr.
mukalagal
(muka-lagal ) `zomaze
didi
tansacmeli
acvia~.
SeiZleba gamoiyos Ziri lagal- ùniaTo svla, moSvebuloba, famfali~
(qobalia
2010).
gamoiyeneba
malagal
da gialagal .
fexsacmelTanac
da
TavsaburavTanac.
ix.
megr. gonwerua (go-nwer-ua) `gasudrva, ZaZebiT Semosva, CaSaveba~. inweru
`SavebiT imoseba~. gamoiyofa n-wer- (n-werua) `Sesudrva~. am fuZeSi n
ganviTarebulia.
Sdr.
gonweril-i
||
nweril-i
`gasudruli,
ZaZebiT
Semosili, CaSavebuli~; `Sesudruli~ .
megr.
mukontira
(muko-ntir-a)
`Semoteva,
morgeba
tanisamosisa~.
gamoiyofa ntir- `teva~. ix. montira (mo-ntir-a) `fexsamosis morgeba~;
gentira gentira `Tavze morgeba, zedmiw. `Semoteva~.
megr. ekarTua (e-karT-ua) `kalTis aweva, akalTva, akapiweba Sarvlis
totisa~
(Waraia
1997).
gamoiyofa
karT-
(karT-ua)
àkalTva,
akecva
saxelosi~. kabas eikarTans `kabas aikalTavebs~, misgan aris nawarmoebi
ekarTel-i
àkalTavebuli~.
Sdr.
qarT.
akuarTul-i
`kvarT-aweuli~.
109
paralelurad
àkapiweba
(kileSi)
gvxvdeba
saxelosi~,
kino/kunokarTua
Sesabamisad,
gvaqvs
(kino/kuno-karT-ua)
misgan
nawarmoebi
kilekunokarTel-i `saxelowakapiwebuli~.
megr. ekapiwua (e-kapiw-ua) igivea, rac ekarTua – Sarvlis totis akecva
(qajaia I, 2001).
gamoiyofa kapiw- Ziri. es fuZe, albaT, qarTulidan aris
Sesuli. Sdr. qarT. akapiweba (a-kapiw-eba).
megr.
mukozimafa
(muko-zim-afa)
`Cazomeba~.
–zim
(zim-afa)
`zmaneba~
zmnur Zirs Seicavs es fuZe. gvaqvs nawarmoebi sxva fuZeebic, romlebic
`Cacmis~ semantikur jgufSi ganixileba. ix. gezimafa, mozimafa.
megr.
lafaCaT
mikoquna
`Silifad
Cacma,
msubuqad,
xalvaTad
(usartylod, uiaraRod) (Waraia 1997). avtori aRniSnavs, rom ase icodnen
Zvelad Cacma.
megr. (xeSi) || kileSi) miToRala (miTo-Rala) `mklavis gayra~, zedmiw.
`xelis
Setana~.
nawarmoebia
Rala
`waReba~
zmnisagan.
xes
miTiRans
`mklavs gauyris~, zedmiwevniT `xeli Seaqvs~. am Zirisagan fexsacmlis
gaxdis aRmniSvneli sityvac iwarmoeba. ix. eSaRala.
megr. (xeSi) miTodvala (miTo-dv-ala) `mklavis gayra~, zedmiw. `,xelis,
mklavis Sedeba~. nawarmoebia dv- (dv-ala) `deba~ zmnisagan. kile qimTudvi
`mklavi gauyare~, zedmiw. `mklavi Sede~. am Zirisgan fexsacmlis Cacmis
aRmniSvneli sityvac iwarmoeba. ix. modvala.
megr. modvala (mo-dv-ala) `Cacma~. gamoiyofa dv- (dv-ala) `deba~ zmnuri
Ziri.
martvilurSi
es
forma
tanisamosis
Cacmasac
niSnavs
da
fexsamosisac. mag. kabas midvans `kabas icvams~, kuCxiSa midvans `fexze
icvams~, sxva dialeqtebSi is mxolod fexze Cacmas aRniSnavs. megrulSi
Sarvlis Cacma da fexsacmlis Cacma erTi da imave sityviT gadmoicema.
mag.:
megr.
Salvars
midvans
`fexsacmels Caicvams~.
`Sarvals
Caicvams~
–
Cafulas
midvans
am mxriv gansxvavebuli viTareba aris qarTulSi,
sadac nebismieri tanisamosisa (garda mosasxmelisa) da fexsamosis Cacma
aRiniSneba erTi da imave sityviT. Sdr. qarT. kabas icvams, fexsacmels
icvams, Sarvals icvams.
megr. (xeSi || kileSi) milarRvafa (mila-rRv-afa) || ki/ larRvafa xelis.
`gayra~. is nawarmoebia rRvafa `{gada}yra~ zmnuri Zirisagan. ki/ larRvafa
110
|| mi/ larRvafa `zonris an nebismieri saxis Tasmis gayrasac~ niSnavs.
kabas kiles kulurRvans `kabaSi mklavs uyris~. ix. gaxdasTan.
megr. mukodacua (muko-dac-ua) `tanze momdgari, motkecili an Zvirfasi
tanisamosis,
an
saerTod,
kargad
Cacma~.
gamoiyofa
dac-
(da-cua)
`zedmiwevniT kargad gakeTeba~. dasturdeba mocemuli Zirisgan nawarmoebi
mimReoba: modacil-i `kargad Cacmuli~. am Zirisgan iwarmoeba, agreTve,
fexsamosis an Tavsaburavis moxdenilad daxurvi aRmniSvneli sityvebi. ix.
megr. modacua, gedacafa.
megr. mukodrangua (muko-drang-ua) `koxtad an mdidruli tanisamosis
Cacma~. ix. modrangua.
megr. mukonwkilua (muko-nwkil-ua) `viwro ramis Cama~, `Semotmasna~.
gamoiyofa
nwkil-
fexsacmlis
(nwkilua)
Cacmisa
da
`Cakvexeba,
Catena~.
Tavsaburavis
es
daxurvis
zmna
gamoiyeneba
mniSvnelobiT.
ix.
monwkilua; genwkilua.
megr. mowkantua (mo-wkant-ua) `koxtad, lamazad, sufTad Cacma~. Sdr.
wkantua `koxtad da sufTad keTeba~. mowkantili `koxtad Cacmuli~.
megr. mokvazua (mo-kvaz-ua) `koxtad Cacma, gamowyoba~. gamoiyofa kvaz(kvaz-ua) Ziri `kopwiad keTeba~.
megr. mu/ kobardRafa (mu/ ko-bardR-afa) `tanisamosis uSnod Cacma an
uSno tanisamosis Cacma~. muka/m kabardR
ùSnod acvia an uSno rame
acvia~. gamoiyofa bardR- Ziri. Sdr. bardRa || bardRala `farTxuna,
feTxumi~. mikibardRuans ùSnod Caicvams~. am fuZisgan aris nawarmoebi
obardRalaia
`farTxuna~.
Sesabamisad,
SeiZleba
es
sityva
iyos
ganmsazRvreli samoslis saxeobisa. mag.; obardRalaia kaba `farTxuna,
uSno
kaba~;
obardRalaia
obardRalaia
qudi
mniSvnelobiTac:
Sarvali
`farTxuna,
minobardRafa
uSno
`farTxuna,
qudi~.
`msubuqad
es
moxurva,
uSno
fuZe
Sarvali~;
gvaqvs
mogdeba
sxva
(mxrebze)
(qobalia 2010). mocemuli Zirisagan fexze Cacmisa da Tavze daburvis
aRmniSvneli sityvebic iwarmoeba. ix. mobardRafa. gebardRafa.
megr. mu/ korWipua
Semotmasna~.
gamoiyofa
(mu/ korWipua) `viwro tanisamosis Zlivs Cacma,
rWip-
(rWip-ua)
`gaWimva,
gaweva~
zmnuri
Ziri.
mikirWipans `viwro tanisamoss Zlivs, welavs da ise icvams~. gorWipil-i
111
kaba `viwro, Semotmasnili kaba~. gvaqvs am fuZis Semcveli aTorWipua
`viwro
sacvlis
amocma.
aTirWipans
`viwro
sacvals
Zlivs
icvams~.
dasturdeba, agreTve, morWipua `viwro Sarvlis Cacma~, mirWipans `viwro
Sarvals Zlivs icvams~. Sesabamisad, gvaqvs gorWipil-i Sarval-i `viwro,
Semotmasnili Sarvali~. am Zirisgan iwarmoeba fexze Cacmis an Tavze
daburvis aRmniSvneli sityvebi. ix.
mukofiorafa
megr.
morWipua, gerWipua.
(muko-fior-afa)
`farTo,
tansacmlis Cacma~. SeiZleba gamoiyos fiormukoWonWua
megr.
(muko-WonW-ua)
`bevri
gaSlili,
msubuqi
Ziri `farfati, friali~.
tansacmlis
uSnod
Cacma~.
gamoiyofa WonW- Ziri `daWonWeba, dabebkva, daWonWva~. ix. megr. geWonWua.
megr. mukofarTxafa (muko-farTx-afa) tansacmlis uSnod, feTxumiviT
Cacma. SeiZleba gamoiyos
farTx- Ziri, romelic savaraudebelia, iyos
igive farTxu `feTxumi~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. mokvarTxua (mo-kvarTx-ua) `gamokvalTva, gamowkepa (qobalia 2010).
es fuZe Seicavs kvarTx- Zirs. Sdr. qarT. mokvalTul-i (mo-kvalT-ul-i)
tanze
lamazad
gasworebuli,
koxtad
momdgari,
mWidrod
–
momdgari
(tansacmeli).
mu/ koJgvarTafa
megr.
tansacmlis
mouxdenlad
(mu/ ko-JgvarT-afa)
Cacma~. gamoiyofa
`Solti, moqnili wneli~. mu/ koJgvarT
`CamogrZelebuli
JgverT-
uSno
JgverT-i
Sdr.
e. i. `CamogrZelebuli, tanisamosi
acvia~.
megr. mukoqvaqvafa (muko-qvaqva-fa) `tansacmlis koxtad, lamazad Cacma~.
am sityvaSi SeiZleba gamoiyos qvaqva- , romelic semantikurad igivea, rac
`patara, moxdenili, koxta~. is SesaZloa, gaorkecebuli fuZea: *qva-qva.
mukaqvaqu `koxta tanisamosi acvia~.
mowkantua
megr.
wkant-
(wkant-ua)
(mo-wkant-ua)
`koxtad
Cacma,
`zedmiwevniT
koxtad
da
gamowyoba~.
sufTad
gamoiyofa
keTeba
risame~.
mowkantil-i `koxtad Cacmuli~.
megr. muka/m kagvangu (muka/m ka-gvang-u) `bevri, sqeli tanisamosi acvia~.
am fuZes sawyisi ar ewarmoeba. es igive gvangva `sqeli, msxvili~ fuZe xom
ar aris?
112
megr. muka/m kaCax-u
(muka/m ka-Cax-u) `zedmeti rom acvia, bevri da
zomaze didi~. gamoiyofa Cax-. SeiZleba
Cax(v)_ Ziris Semcvelia samoslis
erT-erTi saxeoba – elaCaxvil-i kaba àlag-alag gamoberili kaba~.
mukolagal-i
megr.
(muko-lagal-i)
`sruli,
moSvebuli
tanisamosis
tareba~. muka/m kalagal (muka/m ka-lagal ) `sruli, moSvebuli tansacmeli
acvia~. SeiZleba gamoiyos lagal- fuZe `moSvebuloba, uniaTo svla~. is
dinamikurobas ver gamoxatavs, statikuria.
megr. mu/ korwkipua (mu/ ko-rwkip-ua) `viwro tansacmlis Zlivs Cacma~.
mikirwkipans `viwro tanisamoss Zlivs icvams~. mukarwkipu || mukawkipu
`viwro tanisamosi Zlivs acvia~. gvaqvs am Ziris Semcveli aTo(r)wkipua
(aTo-(r)wkip-ua) `viwro, mokle Sarvlis an sacvlis Cacma~. aTirwkipans
`mokle, viwro Sarvals an sacvals Zlivs icvams~. ewarmoeba mimReoburi
mowkipil-i
formebi:
`gamowkepili,
koxtad
Cacmuli~
(Waraia
1997).
gorwkipil-i kaba (Sarvali, palto da sxv.). am Zirisagan fexze Cacmisa da
Tavze
daburvis
aRmniSvneli
sityvebic
iwarmoeba.
ix.
morwkipua,
gerwkipua. gamoiyofa r-wkip- (r-wkip-ua). m. Cuxua am sityvas ganixilavs
rogorc
saerToqarTvelur
fuZes.
kerZod:
rwkip-,
rwkipua
`mWidrod,
viwrod Semovleba, Cacma raimesi~, go-rwkip-il-i `gawkepili~, qarT. wkep- ||
wkip-, ga-wkep-il-i, svan. skib (z.s., lSx.,), sk ib (bq.) `mWidro~. is aRadgens
s. qarTv. *wkep- || *wkip- `mWidro, SemWidroeba~ → qarT. wkep- || wkip-, gawkep-il-i, zan. rwkip-, go-rwkip-il-i (Cuxua, leqs., gv. 204). ix. morwkipua,
gerwkipua.
megr. mukoSqvarTafa (muko-SqvarT-afa) `grZeli, mdidruli tanisamosis
moxdenilad
Cacma~.
gamoiyofa
SqvarT-,
rac
SeiZleba
igivea,
rac
SqvarTal- `tanis lamazi rxeviT siaruli~.
megr.
mukoZvaZvafa
(muko-ZvaZv-afa)
`mZime,
sqeli,
zomaze
didi
tanisamosis Cacma~. iro jveSi paltos mikiZvaZuans `yovelTvis Zvel,
satareblad mZime paltos icvams~. Sdr. ZvaZv-i `tanmZime, daZonZili bewvi~.
megr. morsua (mors-ua) || mosua (mos-ua) `Semosva, dafarva~. gamoiyofa
mors- || mos- Ziri. imorsu imoseba. gvaqvs misgan nawarmoebi formebi: morsil-i | do-mors-il-i | go-mors-il-i `Semosili", `dafaruli": domorsili
ciraq qawudirTH woxole `Semosili (kargad Cacmuli) gogo daudga win~,
113
gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT: domorsili kinoxe kunTxusu `moRuSuli (warbSekruli) zis kuTxeSi~. ako-mors-il-i `daburuli~: akomorsilie qiana
`qveyana daburulia (zedmiwevniT `yvelaferi erTpiradaa qceuli", `damxobili~; eSa-mors-il-i (a)morTuli : Wkudi eSamorsilie. `sasaxle (a)morTulia~. es Ziri Cacmis mniSvnelobiT gamovlenilia lazurSic. erT-erT
mTqmelTan davadastureT aseTi forma:
mosvei-moqite& `Cacmul-Semosili~.
mosvei-moqite& guitu `Cacmul-mokazmuli dadioda~. gamoiyofa mos-(v) Ziri
`mosva,
mocva~:
pati
SuiTen
mosve& `cudi
ganzraxvis,
bneli
sulis
adamiani~.
qarTulSi mos- dasturdeba uZveles werilobiT ZeglebSi. samecniero
literaturaSi qarT. mos- (mos-av-s, Se-i-mos-a) dakavSirebulia svan. msEZirTan (li-msE-i `dafarva", `Semosva"; i-ms-i ìmoseba";
ms-an `Seimosa"),
romelic <*mos- Zirisagan (fenrixi, sarjvelaZe 2000, 334). svanurSive dasturdeba, agreTve, zmnuri forma: a-mos-i `SiSvels mosavs, acmevs".
am
fuZeebis Sesatyvisi unda iyos megr. laz. mors- || mos- `Semosva, dafarva~.
megrul mors- ZirSi r- fonetikuri danarTi unda iyos (*mos-) zanurSi,
gansakuTrebiT megrulSi, xSiria r-s ganviTarebis SemTxvevebi spirantebis win. mag.: qorsa (← qosa), firsa (← fisi). spirantebis
win r-s ganvi-
Tarebis TiTo-orola magaliTi lazurSic dasturdeba. mag. ses-i | sers-i
`xma", korRon-i `koRo". samecniero literaturidan cnobilia, rom ganviTarebuli r- Ria marcvals xuravs (danelia 1980, 176). albaT, am fonetikuri movlenis gamo gvaqvs megr. mors- | mos- (mors-ua | mos-ua), xolo
laz. mos- (vei).
samecniero literaturaSi arsebobs mosazreba qarT. mos- Ziris iranuli warmomavlobis Sesaxeb (andronikaSvili 1966, 258).
vinaidan, qarT. mos- zmnuri fuZe dasturdeba uZveles qarTul teqstebSi da moepoveba Sesatyvisi svanurSi, megrulsa da lazurSi, ver gaviziarebT m. andronikaSvilis mosazrebas misi iranulidan nasesxobis Sesaxeb,
miT umetes iranulSi gviandeli fonetikuri variantia.
megr.
moleba
(mo-l-eba)
`morgeba~.
zedmiw.
`mouva~.
baRanas
palto
vamale `bavSvs palto ar moergeba~. mocemul fuZeSi gamoiyofa l- Ziri,
114
romelsac
ula
megr.
`svla~
zmnis
Semcvelia.
ix.
megr.
moleba
fexsacmelTan.
megr. mukatat
|| m katat `Txeli, sxeuls zed rom edeba, iseTi rame
acvia~. gamoiyofa tat- Ziri. Sdr. getatafa òdnav Sexeba~. gvaqvs misgan
nawarmoebi aTotatafa (aTo-tat-afa) sacvlis amocma~. am Zirisgan fexze
Cacmisa da Tavze daburvis aRmniSvneli sityvebic iwarmoeba. ix. megr.
motatafa, getatafa. SesaZloa, imave Zirs Seicavs megr. matatia èrTgvari
Custi, uquslo, e. i. fexis Sesayofi~.
megr. mu/m konZgilua (mu/m ko-nZgil-ua) `Cacma (gaWirvebiT)~. gamoiyofa
nZgil-
(nZgilafa
||
nZgilafi
||
nZgvilafi)
mikinZgilans `viwro tansacmels Zlivs
`CiCqna~
icvams~, m kanZgil
zmnuri
Ziri.
`Zlivs acvia
(viwroa)~. am Zirisgan zmniswinebis meSveobiT iwarmoeba fexze Cacmisa da
Tavze daburvis aRmniSvneli sityvebi. ix. megr. monZgilua, genZgilua.
megr. mukogujua (muko-guj-ua) `bevris Cacma~. gamoiyofa guj- Ziri. Sdr.
gujua (guj-ua) àmovseba (riTime naxvretisa), Ca-tena, Cxera~ (qajaia II,
2002).
megr. mukonwilua (muko-nwil-ua) `viwro tansacmlis Cacma~. gamoiyofa
nwil-
nawarmoebia
(nwil-ua)
`magrad
CaWera~.
mikinwilans
viwro
tanisamoss icvams. amave mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba gonwilua (gon-wil-ua.). am
Zirisgan
iwarmoeba
fexze
Cacmisa
da
Tavze
daburvis
aRmniSvneli
sityvebi. ix. megr. monwilua, genwilua.
megr. mukoforafa (muko-for-afa) || m koforafa (m ko-for-afa) mofareba
(tanze) (qobalia 2010). mikiforans ìcvams (ifaravs tans, mTavaria, Caicvas,
Semosili
iyos
da
ara
aqvs
mniSvneloba,
ras
Caicvams).
mudgias
mikifobranq `nebismier rames Cavicvam~, e. i. tanisamosi ar aris misTvis
mTavari.
megr. mukofayvafa (muko-fayv-afa) `fafuki ramis Cacma~. es zmna ufro
statikurobas gamoxatavs, mag., mukafayu `fafuki, bewviani rame acvia~;
ginafayu `fafuki rame aqvs mogdebuli~. gamoiyofa fayv- Ziri (fayv-in-i ||
fa v-in-i || fa -ua) `mCated (fayved) gdeba, jdoma, vardna~ (qajaia II, 2002).
am
Zirisgan
iwarmoeba
fafuki
fexsamosis
an
fafuki
Tavsaburavis
daburvis aRmniSvneli sityvebi. ix. giofayu, mafayu.
115
mukoCvanCua
megr.
(muko-CvanC-ua)
`bevris
uSnod
Cacma~.
mikiCvanCans
`bevrs, uSnod icvams~.
megr. mukoyvayvafa (muko-yvayva-fa) || m koyvayvafa (mum ko-yvayva-fa) `Cacma
(bewviani
ramisa)~.
bewviSi
palto
m kayvayu
`bewvis
palto
acvia~.
gamoiyofa yvayv- (yvayv-afi) `rblad, didi fantelebiT Tova, burtylis
cvena~ (qobalia 2010). misgan mimReobac iwarmoeba: doyvayvil-i `rbili,
Tbili, bewviani ramiT Semosili~. am Zirisgan fexze Cacmisa da Tavze
daburvis aRmniSvneli sityvebic iwarmoeba.
gonwerua
megr.
(go-nwer-ua)
`gasudrva,
ZaZebiT
Semosva,
CaSaveba~.
(qobalia 2010). gonweril-i `gasudruli, ZaZebiT Semosili, CaSavebuli~
(qobalia 2010). es sityva wyevlis erTgvari formulac aris: gonwerili
sqani dudi! `gamwarde Sen!~.
megr. mokvanwua (mo-kvanw-ua) `gamowyoba, koxtad Cacma~. gamoiyofa kvanw(kvanw-ua)
Ziri
gamoewyo,
`lamazad,
koxtad
koxtad
Caicva~.
gakeTeba
mokvanwil-i
saqmisa~.
`morTuli
mikvanw
`kargad
(tanisamosiT
an
(tanisamosiTac
da
samkaulebiT), mokazmuli~.
megr.
monwyuala
(mo-nwyu-ala)
`morTva,
mowyoba
samkaulebiTac)~. gagminwyu `Caicva, gaemzada~. nawarmoebia nwyu- (nwyu-ala)
`wyoba, wesrigSi moyvana~ zmnisagan.
monwyil-i || monwyiir-i `morTuli,
mowyobili~ (qajaia II, 2002).
megr.
moRirzua
(mo-Rirz-ua)
`motmasna,
ugvanod
SemokvalTva
(Sarvlisa)~ munaRirza `motmasnili (Sarvali)~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. mukocikua (muko-cik-ua) `mokle tanisamosis Cacma~. gamoiyofa cik(cik-ua)
`soba~.
mikicikans
`mokle
tanisamoss
icvams,
ar
ergeba,~.
Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba gvqondes kabis amgvari saxe: mocikil-i
kaba `Zalian mokle kaba (Seusabamo)~. cikua fuZisagan iwarmoeba fexze
Cacmisa
da
Tavze daburvis
aRmniSvneli sityvebi. ix. megr. mocikua,
gecikua.
megr. mukoZgibua (muko-Zgib-ua) `viwro tansacmlis Cacma~. gamoiyofa –
Zgib- (Zgibua) zmnuri Ziri àmovseba, datena, dacoba~. mikiZgibans `viwro
tansacmels icvams. Sdr. qarT. Zgib- (Zgib-va) `Wimva~. am Zirisgan iwarmoeba
116
fexze Cacmisa da Tavze daburvis aRmniSvneli sityvebi. ix. megr. moZgibua,
geZgibua.
megr. mofirfiSua (mo-firfiS-ua) `lamazad, koxtad an furfuSebiani
tanisamosis
Cacma~.
Sdr.
`naoWasxmuli
naWrebi,
dakerebuli~.
mifirfiSu
firfiS-i.
igivea,
tansacmelze
`lamazad,
Tu
rac
sxva
koxtad
qarT.
furfuSeb-i
rameze
mosarTavad
Caicva~.
mofirfiSel-i
`lamazad gamowyobili an furfuSebiani tanisamosiT Semosili~.
megr.
moCistua
gamoiyofa
Cist-
(mo-Cist-ua)
Ziri.
moCistele `koxtad,
Sdr.
sufTad
`koxtad,
rus.
sufTad
`sufTad,
чисто
Cacmula~.
Cacma,
misgan
wmindad,
nawarmoebi
gamowyoba~.
faqizad~.
moCistil-i
`kargad Cacmuli~.
megr. m kaCax-u `zedmeti rom acvia, bevri da zomaze didi~. am zmnas ar
ewarmoeba sawyisi, gamoxatavs mxolod statikurobas.
megr. surdua `Savad Semosva~. gisurdu `Savad Seimosa, Seisudra~.
ewarmoeba mimReobac: surdil-i `SaviT Semosili, Sesudruli~. Sdr. qarT.
Sesudvra.
megr. SxvarTua
(SxvarT-ua) `tansacmlis moxdenilad (lamazad) tareba~
(yifSiZe 1994). Sdr. oSxvarTalaia es SeiZleba nasaxelari zmna iyos,
nawarmoebi
SxvarT-i
moyvanili
da
||
SxverT-i
grZeli~
||
SxverT-i
saxelisagan.
`swori,
mukaSxvarT
moqnili,
`grZeli,
kargad
moxdenili
tanisamosi acvia~.
megr. mukofarTxalafa (muko-farTxal-afa) `tanisamosis uSnod Cacma~.
gamoiyofa farTxal- Ziri, Sdr. megr. farTxal-i `farTxali, farTxuni~,
farTxala
`farTxuna~.
Sdr.
qarT.
feTxum-i
ùwesrigo,
usufTao~.
mukafarTxal `farTxuna tansacmeli acvia; uSnod acvia~. Sesabamisad,
gvaqvs saxeoba samoslisa: ofarTxalaia kaba `farTxuna, uSno kaba~.
megr. mukoZikua (muko-Zik-ua) || m koZikua
ramis Cacma~. mukaZik
(m ko-Zik-ua)
`viwro, mokle
`viwro, mokle ram acvia~. aToZikua (aTo-Zik-ua)
`viwro ramis amocma~. aTaZik `viwro rame acvia~. gamoiyofa Zik- Ziri,
Zikua
(Zik-ua) `gatena, gavseba~. Sdr. qiziy. Zek- (gamo-Zek-va) `gavseba,
gamotena (tomris, gudasi da misT.)~, gamoZekil-i (gamo-Zek-il-i) `rac
gamoZekes~ (qegli II, 2010). es Ziri dasturdeba qarTlurSic: Zek-, gaZekil117
i (ga-Zek-il-i), CaZekil-i (Ca-Zek-il-i) `Zalian gavsebuli, gatenili~. megr.
Zik- Zirisagan iwarmoeba fexsacmlis Cacmisa da Tavsaburavis daburvis
aRmniSvneli saxelebic. ix. megr. moZikua, geZikua.
megr. mukafaJval (muka-faJval ) || m kafaJval
(mukafaJval ) `xalvaTad,
uSnod acvia~. gamoiyofa faJv- Ziri. Sdr. megr. faJua `moSveba, gawelva,
CafarTxuneba~, gofaJval-i sixalvaTe (samosisa tanze)~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. moCarxua (mo-Carx-ua) `kargad Cacma-daxurva, Calxad Cacma (fexze),
SemarTva~ (qobalia 2010). gamoiyofa Ziri Carx-. gvaqvs aqedan nawarmoebi
moCarxil-i
`kargad
gamojgimuli~.
Cacmul-daxuruli,
moCarxele
`kargad,
Calxad
kargi
Cacmuli
tanisamosiT
fexze,
gamowyobila,
gamojgimula~. ix megr. moCarxafa.
megr. qunCua (qunC-ua) `Sexveva, Seburva, qunCiT daTbuneba~. dudi axali
nabona gafu do mangaras giiqunCi! `Tavi axali dabanili gaqvs da magrad
Seixvie!~ (qajaia III, 2002). doqunCili re `Seburvilia, bevri ram aqvs
tanze Semoxveuli~.
lazuri
Llaz. gekarTu || gekarTafa `dakapiweba, gamowyoba, galamazeba~. Sdr.
gekarTeri `saxelodakapiwebuli~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. goTvalu || goTumu || goTumalu `Semoxveva, Semofarva~ (Tandilava
2013). metaqsiSi goTvalu, xolo
iraje CarSavi ÁuWofaTen àbreSumis
Semosaxvevi, kidev firalis pirbade unda uyidoT (Ciqobava 1936, 64). Sdr.
goTumalafa ìrgvliv mofareba~.
laz. gokiru || golakiru || golakoru || golakiafa `Sexveva, Semoxveva~
(Tandilava
Camovxseni
2013).
da
ar
muTxani
Sevixvie~
qagepwki
(kartozia
1972,
do
124).
qogovikii
Sdr.
èrTi
laz.
raRac
golakiale
`Semosakravi, Semosaxvevi~.
laz. gonZiqu àkalTaveba, wakapiweba~. Sdr. gonZiqeri àkalTavebuli~
(Tandilava 2013).
laz. gorCu `Semofarva, Semoxveva~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. gowakoru || gowakiru `wakvra (winsafris)~. bozofe kuCxe teteli,
Tis ar Áazma melakorer do ar fota gowakorer dulÁaSa ulunan
118
`gogoebi
fexSiSvelni,
Tavze
erT
TavsafarSemoxveul
da
erT
winsafarwakruli midian~ (lazuris fondi).
laz. dolodrawu `mitmasnva tansacmlis da CaRmavebis gaCena~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz.
doloqunu
`Cacma
(tanze)~
(Tandilava
2013),
romelic
`Casacmelsac~ niSnavs. man doloiquna `vicvam (tanze)~. eSo doloquns,
muTu var aZiren ìse acvia, rom araferi ar uCans~ (Cveni masala) ||
doloqunafa `Cacma~ (Tandilava 2013). WumaniSi qagopkucxi do qeiseli,
qodoloiquni
orkafe `dilas gaviRviZe da avdeqi, Cavicvi tanisamosi
(kabebi) (asaTiani 1974, 53). Sdr. doloquner-i `Cacmuli~. ix. megr. doqunua.
laz. elanZiqu àkalTaveba~. Sdr. laz. elanZiqeri àkalTavebuli~.
(Tandilava 2013).
laz. TaTmaniSi modvalu `xelTaTmanis gakeTeba~ (Cveni masala).
laz. mezimu `mozmaneba~. man meizimuf `vizomeb~. ix. megr. mezimafa
`mozomeba,~ `mozmaneba~ (o. qajaia II, 2002).
laz. molanZiqu || elanZiqu àkecva (grZelis samosis an xelis)~. man
SarvaÁ
elanZiqeÁ
miRun
`me
Sarvali
akecili
maqvs~.
Sdr.
elanZiqe&&
àkecili~ (Cveni masala).
laz. moqTiu `gamocvla~. ma viqtaf `vicvli~ (Cveni masala).
laz. mowifxu, mowyvinu `morTva, gamowyoba~ (Cveni masala).
2) Tavsaburavis daxurva
megruli
megr. burua (bur-ua) `daburva, dafareba~ (Waraia 1997). gamoiyofa burZiri: buruns ìburavs, ifarebs~. misgan aris nawarmoebi Tavsaburavis
aRmniSvneli
zogadi
saxeli
obural-i
(o-bur-al-i)
`dasaburavi~.
is
warmoebiT mimReobaa, daniSnulebas gamoxatavs. Sdr. qarT. bur- (burva)
`zeidam dafareba~ (saba).
megr. gerTumala
(ge-rT-um-ala) || geTumala (ge-Tum-ala) `daxurva,
daburva (Tavisa)~. gamoiyofa daxurvis, daburvis aRmniSvneli rT- Ziri.
girTvans ìxuravs~. am Ziris Semcveli sityva gvaqvs lazurSi. Sdr. laz.
119
moTvalu || moTumu. megr. rT- Ziridan aris nawarmoebi Tavsaburavis
aRmniSvneli zogadi terminebi. ix. giorTumalar-i.
megr. gebardRafa (ge-bardR-afa) ùSno Tavsaburavis an Tavsaburavis
uSnod dafareba~. giobardR
Zirisgan
tanisamosisa
da
ùSnod an uSno rame axuravs, afaria~. am
fexsacmlis
Cacmis
Cacmis
aRmniSvneli
sityvebic iwarmoeba. ix. mukobardRafa, mobardRafa.
megr. gebartyafa (ge-barty-afa) `rbili, fafuki Tavsaburavis daxurva,
dafareba~. gamoiyofa barty- zmnuri Ziri. Sdr. bartyua `bertyva, ferTxva,
rbilad gartyma; daabartyu `rbilad daeca~; birtya `brtyeli~. qudi
giobarty `rbili fafuki qudi axuravs~.
megr. gebiZgafa (ge-biZg-afa) `viwro Tavsaburavis daxurva~. giobiZg
(gio-biZg) `viwro Tavsaburavi axuravs~. am Ziris Semcveli sityva gvaqvs
fexsacmlisa da tansacmlis Cacmis aRsaniSnavadac.
megr. gedacafa (ge-dac-afa) `moxdenilad an swrafad qudis daxurva~.
qigidacans qudis `moxdenilad daixuravs quds~. gamoiyofa dac- Ziri.
misgan iwarmoeba tanisamosisa da fexsamosis Cacmis aRmniSvneli sityvebi.
ix. megr. mukodacua, modacua.
megr.
gezimafa
`Tavsaburavis
dazomeba~.
dudiSa
gizimuans
`Tavze
moizomebs~.
megr. gekvakvafa (ge-kvakva-fa) `koxtad an
koxta, patara Tavsaburavis
daburva~. gikvakuans `koxta Tavsaburavs, an koxta Tavsaburavs koxtad
iburavs~. gamoiyofa kvakva- Ziri, romelic gaorkecebulia. Sdr. megr.
kvakva `koxta, lamazi~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. gentira (ge-ntir-a) `Tavze morgeba, metwilad qudisa~, zedmiw.
`dateva~. gamoiyofa ntir- (ntir-a) `dateva~ zmnuri Ziri. dusu qudi
giantire `Tavze qudi eteva~. am Zirisgan nawarmoebi sityvebi gvaqvs
tanisamosisa da fexsamosis Cacmis mniSvnelobiTac. ix. megr. mukontira,
montira.
megr. genwilua (ge-nwil-ua) `viwro qudis daxurva~. gionwil . `viwro
qudi axuravs~. amosavali aris
Zirisgan
tansacmlisa
da
nwil- (nwil-ua) `magrad Cawera~. am
fexsacmlis
Cacmis
aRmniSvneli
sityvebic
iwarmoeba. ix. megr. mukonwilua, monwilua.
120
megr. gerWipua (ge-rWip-ua) `viwro qudis daxurva~. gamoiyofa rWip- Ziri.
rWipua (rWip-ua) `gaWimva, gaweva~. girWipans `viwro quds ixuravs~. am
Zirisgan
iwarmoeba
tanisamosisa
da
fexsamosis
CaCmis
aRmniSvneli
sityvebi. ix. meg. mukorWipua, morWipua.
megr. gefaxvafa (ge-faxv-afa) `msubuqi an fumfula qudis daxurva an
Tavsafris dafareba~. gamoiyofa faxv- zmnuri Ziri. Sdr. megr. faxv`msubuqi
ramis
an
vinmes
davardna,
dacema~
(qobalia
2010),
giofaxu
`msubuqi, fumfula Tavsaburavi axuravs~.
megr. gefayvafa
(ge-fayv-afa)
`msubuqi, bewviani
Tavsaburavis, ufro
metad qudis daxurva~. fayv- aris zmnuri Ziri. Sdr. fayvin-i (fayv-in-i) ||
fa vin-i (fa v-in-i) || fa ua (fa- ua) `mCated (fayved) gdeba, jdoma, vardna~
(qajaia I, 2001). giofayu `msubuqi, bewviani Tavsaburavi axuravs (mCated)~.
Sdr. imer. fayve `zomaze didi tanisamosi~ (Wyonia 1910). megr. fayvsityvis istoriisTvis ix. megr. fayu.
megr. geforafa (ge-for-afa) `dafareba~. gamoiyofa for- (for-ua) zmuri
Ziri, romlisganac aris nawarmoebi awoforafa (awo-for-afa) Camofareba
(Tavsafrisa),
Camofxatva
(qudisa),
ix.
awoforafa
tansacmelTan
`winsafris wakvra~.
megr. getatafa (ge-tata-fa) `Txeli, msubuqi Tavsaburavis daxurva~.
qudi giotat
Ziri.
misgan
`Txeli qudi axuravs~. gamoiyofa tat- (tat-afa) zmnuri
nawarmoebi
sityvebi
gvaqvs
tansacmlisa
da
fexsacmlis
Cacmis semantikur jgufSi. ix. megr. mukotatafa, motatafa.
megr. gialagal
`zomaze didi qudi axuravs ise, rom qudi Tavis
garSemo moZraobs.~
megr giToyvayvafa (giTo-yvayva-fa) `yelze bewviani ramis (Tavsafris an
kaSnes Semoxveva)~. giTayvayu `yelze bewviani mosaxvevi aqvs moxveuli.
gamoiyofa yvayv- Ziri. misgan nawarmoebi sityvebi gvaqvs tanisamosisa da
fexsamosis Cacmis aRmniSvnel Tematur jgufSi. ix. megr. mukoyvayvafa,
moyvayvafa.
megr. genwkilua `viwro Tavsaburavis, kerZod, qudis daxurva~.
121
megr. gefaxvin-i (ge-faxv-in-i) `qudis (srulad) daxurva~. igivea, rac
gefa vini `didi ramis fuyed deba~ (qajaia I, 2001). qudi giofaxu dus
`qudi (srulad) axuravs Tavze~.
megr. getatafa (ge-tata-fa) `Txeli, msubuqi Tavsaburavis daxurva~.
qudi giotat
Ziri.
misgan
`Txeli qudi axuravs~. gamoiyofa tat- (tat-afa) zmnuri
nawarmoebi
sityvebi
gvaqvs
tansacmlisa
da
fexsacmlis
Cacmis semantikur jgufSi. ix. megr. mukotatafa, motatafa.
megr.
giTodvala
(giTo-dval-a)
g Todvala
||
(g To-dval-a)
`yelze
kaSnes an sxva ramis Semovleba (Semodeba)~. giTidvans `yelze kaSnes an
sxva
rames
Zirisagan.
Semoidebs~.
misgan
dval-
nawarmoebia
aris
nawarmoebi
(dval-a)
yelze
`deba~
Semosaxvevis
zmnuri
zogadi
saxelwodeba – guTadvalar-i (guTa-dval-ar-i) || giTadvalar-i (giTa-dvalar-i)
`Semosadebi
daniSnulebas
enacvleba.
(mosaxvevi)~,
gamoxatavs.
kerZod,
romelic
statikurobis
(kisers)
guToZ
warmoebiT
gadmosacemad
||
g ToZ
||
mimReobaa,
mas
g TaZ
sxva
fuZe
`yelze
aqvs
Semovlebuli, Semodebuli~.
megr. guToskuala (guTo-sku-ala) || guTosquala (guTo-squ-ala) `yelze
Semoxveva,
Sekvra~.
squ-
gamoiyofa
||
sku-
Ziri,
`Sekvras
niSnavs~.
giTiskuans `yelze Semoixvevs.~
megr. kir- `Sekvra~ zmnis Zirisagan iwarmoeba sxvadasxva Sinaarsis
fuZeebi:
giTokirua
(giTo-kir-ua)
||
g Tokirua
(g To-kir-ua)
`yelze
Semoxveva~. giTakir || g Takir `yelze Semoxveuli aqvs~; gokirua (go-kirua)
`Tavis
`Semoixvia
Sekvra,
Sexveva,
yabalaxi~;
yabalaxis
(dudiS)
Semoxveva~:
kinokirua
qigikir
(kinokirua)
||
baSlayu
k nokirua
(k nokirua) `wakvra~. kinikirans `waikravs~. mocemuli zmna gadataniTi
mniSvnelobiT
gvxvdeba
vaSi
SesityvebaSi:
kinokirua
`damwuxreba,
mgloviaroba~, zedmiw. Sublze wakvra~. es erTgvari eTnografiuli wesia,
romlis arsi aseTia: glovis niSnad kacebic da qalebic Tav-Subls Savi
samkuTxa TavsafriT ikraven (qobalia 2010).
megr. ge oTama (ge- oT-ama) `swrafad daxurva Tavsaburavisa~, zedmiw.
`Tavze saburavis dagdeba~. gamoiyofa
oT- ( oT-ama)
Ziri. `dagdeba~. am
122
Zirisgan
iwarmoeba
tanisamosisa
da
fexsamosis
Cacmis
aRmniSvneli
sityvebi. ix. megr. mo oTama, muko oTama.
megr.
goxvaxua
(go-xvax-ua)
`gaxveva,
gaburva;
mravalfad
SefuTva,
Seburva (Tavisa). gixvaxvan-s `mravalfad, an Tbili TavsafriT SeifuTavs,
Seiburavs Tavs~. gamoiyofa xvax- zmnuri Ziri. am Sinaarsis mixedviT
Tavsafari SeiZleba iyos gaxvaxvali.
megr.
gokarkatua
(go-karkat-ua)
TavSesakravisa)~. gamoiyofa karkat-
`Semoxveva
(Tavsaburavisa,
Ziri. dudiSa baSlayus qigikarkatans
`Tavze yabalaxs Semoixvevs~.
megr. mocikafa (mo-cik-afa) `cilindriviT an uSno qudis daxurva,
wamocma Tavze~. gamoiyofa cik- (mo-cik-ua) Ziri `wamocma~ (tarze). qudi
giocik qudi axuravs~.
lazuri
laz. goTvalu `dafareba~. Sdr. goTvalei `dafarebuli~. ar oxoiSa
qomoxTu fosti goTvalei do xezmeqÁaÁ qemzdiT!-Áa èrT saxlSi movida
tyavdafarebuli da mosamsaxured amiyvaneT!-o~ (asaTiani 1974, 102).
laz.
gokiru
||
gokiu
`Semokvra,
Semoxveva~.
kapulas
falTo,
Tis
baSluRi gikirtu’Wkule hemdi xolo yiniTen TirTintu `zurgze palto,
Tavze baSlayi hqonda Semokruli hemdis da mainc siciviT kankalebda~
(Ciqobobava 1929, 28). asaTianTan gvaqvs: elo(<ela-o)-kor-u-n {Se}moxveuli
{Se
aqvs (garedan, garSemo...). Sdr. melakorer-i `Sexveuli~ (mela-kor-er-i):
Tis-Ti uCa &azma melakorer gulunan `Tavze SavTavsafarSemoxveulebi
dadian~ (diumezili 2009, 128). yalis kasinka gokirs `yelze kasinka aqvs
Semoxveuli~ (Cveni masala).
laz. golakiu || Tis golakiu `wakvra~ (Cveni masala).
laz. gÁeTvala || gÁeTvalafa `dafareba, daxurva~. Sdr. gÁeTvaleri
`daxuruli~. Jur patanie gÁeTvaleri janutu òri sabangadaxuruli iwva~
(Tandilava 2013).
laz. eTvafa `daxureba~ (Tandilava 2013).
123
laz. elakiru `Semoxveva~. Sdr. elakirer-i, elakirel-i `Semoxveuli~.
Áazma elakireli muntu qÁoiSa `TavsafarSemoxveuli modioda sofelSi~
(lazuris fondi).
laz. melakoru || milakoru ||milakorafa `Sexveva, gaxveva~. bozofe
kuCxe teteli, Tis ar Áazma melakorer do ar fota gowakorer dulÁaSa
ulunan `gogoebi fexSiSvelni, Tavze erT TavsafarSemoxveuli da erT
winsafarwakruli midian~ (lazuris fondi).
laz. meJakiu `wakvra~ || Ti meJakiu `Tavze wakvra~. Ti meJakieri giRu
`Tavi wakruli gaqvs~ (Cveni masala).
laz. moTumu `daxurva~. man moiTumer mandilis `mandils vixurav~.
papaxiSi moTumu
`daxuruli~
`qudis daxurva~. Sdr. laz. moTumer-i || moTvale-Á
(Cveni
masala).
bozofe
metaqsiSi
фota
Tiz
moTфaler...
gulunan `gogoebi abreSumis Tavsafardafarebulebi dadian~ (diumezili
2009, 13).
laz.
ontkobinu
(o-{n
{n}tkob-in-u)
{n
`damalva,
Cadris
dafareba~.
ma
va
gofTa-&a awia-a? amus otkobinu unonia, otkobinu ― Cadri na giTumelan
`me awi ar gaviaroo? amas damalva undao, damalva – Cadrs rom ifareben~
(Ciqobava 1929, 37).
3) fexsamosis Cacma
megruli
fexsamosis Cacmis semantikur jgufSi aRwerili da gaanalizebulia
fexsacmlis an windis Cacmis aRniSvneli
struqturulad.
zogadad,
Cacma,
gaTvaliswinebulia
morgeba,
sityvebi semantikurad da
fexsamosis
Cazomeba,
Cacmis
moxdeniloba.
niuansebi
Cacmis
–
manera
damokidebuli aris fexsamosis formaze, xarisxze. am TvalsazrisiT, am
jgufSi Semavali saxelebi metad sainteresoa.
megr. malagal
`zomaze
didi fexsacmeli acvia ise, rom fexsacmeli
moZraobs SigniT~
124
megr. mobaxvafa (mo-baxv-afa) `formiT, an zomiT, an braxuna fexsacmeli
acvia~.
bax-
gamoiyofa
Ziri.
mabax-u
`didi
fexsacmeli
acvia~.
Sdr.
oboxua èrTgvari fexsacmeli~.
megr. monkalua (mo-nkal-ua) `viwro fexsacmlis Cacma, gakvexeba fexisa~.
gamoiyofa
nkal-
(nkal-ua)
`Setenva,
gakvexeba~.
minkalan-s
`viwro
fexsacmels Zlivs icvams~.
megr. monwkilua (mo-nwkil-ua) `viwro fexsacmlis Cacma~ (Cveni masala).
megr.
uSnod
moCvarTafa
Cacma.
(mo-CvarT-afa)
miCvarTuan-s
ùSno
ùSno
fexsacmlis,
fexsacmels,
an
an
fexsacmlis
fexsacmels
uSnod
icvams~. gamioyofa CvarT- Ziri. Sdr. megr. CvarTa `fexmrudi, mrude
terfis mqone~ (qajaia III, 2002). CvarT- Zirisagan iwarmoeba mimReoba
moCvarTil-i ùSnod Cacmuli~. dasturdeba mocemuli fuZisgan nawarmoebi
fexsacmlis
saxeobis
aRmniSvneli
oCvarTaia
sityva:
Cafula
ùSno
fexsacmeli~.
megr. moyvayvafa (moyvayvafa) `bewviani, Tbili fexsacmlis an windis
Cacma~. gamoiyofa yvayva- Ziri.
mayvay-u `bewviani, Tbili fexsacmeli an
winda acvia~. mayvay-u `Tbili, bewviani fexsacmeli an winda acvia. am
Ziris
Semcveli
sityvebi
gamovlenilia
tanisamosis
Cacmis
an
Tavsaburavis daburvis aRsaniSnavad. ix. megr. mukoyvayvafa, geyvayvafa.
megr.
modrangua
(mo-drang-ua)
`kargi
fexsacmlis,
moxdenilad,
morgebulad Cacma~. gamoiyofa drang- Ziri. midrangan-s `karg fexsacmels
moxdenilad icvams~. am Zirisgan aris nawarmoebi tanisamosis Cacmis
aRmniSvneli sityva. ix. megr. mukodringua.
megr. moCarxafa (mo-Carx-afa) `Calxad Cacma, zomaze didi fexsacmlis
Cacma~ (qobalia 2010). gamoiyofa Carx- zmnuri Ziri. miCarxuan-s `zomaze
did fexsacmels Calxad Caicvams~. am Zirisgan iwarmoeba tanisamosis
Cacmis aRmniSvneli sityva. ix. megr. moCarxua.
megr.
moCarTafa
`zomaze
didi,
an
uSno
fexsacmlis,
an
uSnod,
mouxdenladDCacma~. gamoiyofa CarT- Ziri. miCarTuan-s `zomaze didi, uSno
fexsacmels an uSnod, mouxdenlad icvams~.
megr. modacua (mo-dac-ua) `kargi fexsacmlis, an moxdenilad Cacma~.
gamoiyofa
dac-
Ziri.
qimidacan-s
`karg
fexsacmels
an
moxdenilad
125
Caicvams~.
am Zirisgan iwarmoeba tanisamosisa da Tavsaburavis daxurvis
RmniSvneli sityvebi. ix. megr. mukodacua, gedacafa.
megr. motatafa (mo-tat-afa) `Custis Cacma, fexis wayofa~. mitatuan-s
`Custs Caicvams, wayofs fexs~. gamoiyofa tat- Ziri. migan iwarmoeba
tanisamosis Cacmisa da Tavsaburavis daxurvis aRmniSvneli sityvebi. ix.
megr. mukotatafa, getatafa.
megr.
moZikua
(mo-Zik-ua)
`viwro
gamoiyofa Zik- Ziri. Sdr. megr. Zikua
fexsacmlis
mouxdenlad
Cacma~.
(Zik-ua) `gatena, gavseba~. miZikan-s
`viwro fexsacmels uSnod Caicvams~. am Zirisgan iwarmoeba tanisamosis
Cacmis aRmniSvneli sityva. ix. megr. mukoZikua.
megr. mobiZgua (mo-biZg-ua) `viwro fexsacmlis Cacma~. gamoiyofa biZgZiri. mibiZgan-s `viwro fexsacmels icvams~. mabiZg
fexsacmeli~.
am
Zirisgan
iwarmoeba
tanisamosis
`Zlivs acvia viwro
Cacmisa
da
Tavze
daburvis aRmniSvneli sityvebi. ix. megr. mukobiZgua, gebiZgua.
megr. monwilua (mo-nwil-ua) `viwro fexsacmlis Cacma~. gamoiyofa nwilZiri. minwilan-s `viwro fexsacmels Zlivs icvams.~ am Zirisgan iwarmoeba
tanisamosis Cacmisa da Tavsaburavis daburvis aRmniSvneli sityvebi. ix.
mukonwilua, genwilua.
megr. moleba (mo-l-eba) `moxdoma, morgeba~. gamoiyofa l- Ziri. male (mal-e) mouxdeba, moergeba~, zedmiw. `mouva~. am Ziris Sesaxeb ix. tanisamosis
Cacmis jgufSi megr. moleba.
megr. kuCxiSi inoRala `Cacma, fexis Seyofa~ zedmiw. `fexis Setana~.
kuCxis iniRans ìcvams~, zedmiw. `fexi Seaqvs (fexsacmelSi)~.
megr. kuCxiSi inodg ma `Cacma~, zedmiw. `fexis Cadgma~. kuCxis inodg ns
ìcvams, fexs yofs~, zedmiw. `fexs dgams (fexsacmelSi)~.
megr. kuCxiSi inokasua `viwro fexsacmlis ZaldatanebiT Cacma~, zedmiw.
`fexis Catena~. kuCxis inakasans `viwro fexsacmels ZaldatanebiT icvams~,
zedmiw. `fexs tenis~.
megr.
kuCxiSi
dinoCanafa
||
inoCanafa
`fexsacmelSi
fexis
Cayofa~.
kuCxis dinaCanuans `fexi aqvs Cayofili~. Sdr. megr. dinoCanafa `Cayofa~:
aTaq kuCxi qidnaCane àq fexi Cayavi~ (qajaia II, 2002).
126
megr. mobawkafa (mo-bawk-afa) `koxtad morgeba fexsacmlisa; mobakuneba~.
mabawk
àxali kargi fexsacmeli acvia~. gamoiyofa bawk- Ziri. Sdr.
bawkafi `baki-buki, WraWuni fexsacmlisa~. Sdr. obawkaia `koxta, WraWuna,
bakuna (fexsacmeli)~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. modvala (mo-dval-a) `Cacma fexsacmlisa an windisa~. martvilurSi
modvala tansacmlis Cacmis mniSvnelobiTac ixmareba. gamoiyofa dv- (dvala) Ziri `deba~. sainteresoa fexacmlis an windis waRma an ukuRma Cacmis
aRmniSvneli
modvala
morZgviSe
sityvebi:
ùkuRma
Cacma~.
dv-
modvala
Zirisgan
`waRma
aris
kvarCxiSe
Cacma~,
madvalar-i
nawarmoebi
`fexsacmeli~, romelic ganxiluli gvaqvs fexsamosis aRmniSvnel zogad
jgufSi.
megr. mojRarkafa (mo-jRark-afa) `jRanebis mogdeba fexze~ (qobalia
2010).
gamoiyofa
jRarj-
Ziri.
Sdr.
jRan-i
megr.
`jRani,
Zveli
fexsacmeli~. SeiZleba mocemuli zmna nasaxelaria. majRark `jRanebi an
uSno fexsacmeli acvia~.
megr. mogvagvafa (mo-gvagv-afa). `didi fexsacmlis Cacma~.
gvag-u)
`didi
fexsacmeli
acvia~.
gamoiyofa
gvagv-
magvagu (ma-
Ziri,
romelic
gaorkecebuli fuZe Cans. Sdr. megr. gvagvaf-i `msxvili sagnis magrad
dacemis xma~.
megr. maCak (ma-Cak ) `didi raRac acvia~. SeiZleba gamoiyos Cak- Ziri.
megr. mobardRafa (mo-bardR-afa). mibardRuans- ùSno fexsacmels an
uSnod Caicvams~. SeiZleba gamoiyos bardR- Ziri. am Zirisgan iwarmoeba
samoslis Cacmisa da Tavsaburavis daburvis aRmniSvneli sityvebi. ix.
megr. mobardRafa. gebardRafa.
megr.
majvarz
(ma-jvarz )
`mZime,
zomaze
didi
fexsacmeli
acvia~.
gamoiyofa jvarz- Ziri. Sdr. megr. jvarzini `mZime sagnis deba; mrisxaned,
kuStad jdoma~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. monZgilua (mo-nZgil-ua) `viwro fexsacmlis Cacma~. qiminZgil
`(viwro
fexsacmeli)
iwarmoeba
tanisamosis
Zlivs
Cacmis
Caicva~.
an
gamoiyofa
Tavsaburavis
nZgildaburvis
Ziri.
misgan
aRmniSvneli
sityvebi. ix. megr. mukonZgilua, m konZgilua.
127
megr. morWipua (mo-rWip-ua) `zomiT patara, viwro fexsacmlis an windis
Cacma. mirWipan-s `viwro fesacmels an windas Zlivs icvams~. gamoiyofa
rWip- Ziri. megr. rWipua
iwarmoeba
tanisamosis
`gaWimva, gaweva~ (i. yifSiZe).
Cacmis
an
Tavsaburavis
daburvis
am Zirisgan
aRmniSvneli
sityvebi. ix. megr. mukorWipua, gerWipua.
megr. mo oTama (mo- oT-ama) `fexze swrafad Cacma, zedmiw. `mogdeba
fexze~. qimi oTan-s `fexsacmels an windas Caicvams swrafad, zedmiw.
`moigdebs
fexze~;
gamoiyofa
oT-
`gdeba~
Ziri.
misgan
iwarmoeba
tanisamosis Cacmisa da Tavsaburavis daburvis aRmniSvneli sityvebi.
megr. morwkipua (mo-rwkip-ua) `viwro fexsacmlis an windis Cacma~.
mirwkipans `Zlivs icvams fexsacmels an windas~. gamoiyofa rwkip- Ziri.
mocemuli fuZisgan iwarmoeba windis saxeoba: gorwkipili TaTmani `viwro
winda~.
am
Zirisgan
iwarmoeba
tanisamosis
Cacmisa
da
Tavsaburavis
daburvis aRmniSvneli sityvebi. ix. megr. mukorwkipua, gerwkipua.
megr.
moCxarkafa
(mo-Cxark-afa)
`saSinao
fexsacmlis,
umetesad
Selaxuli flostebis, Zveli, sruli fexsacmlis uSnod Cacma~. maCxark
`Custi an Selaxuli
Sdr.
megr.
Cxarkafi
fexsacmeli uSnod acvia~. gamoiyofa Cxark- Ziri.
`Cxaruni~,
Cxark-i
`Zveli
fexsacmeli,
jRani~
(qobalia 2010).
megr. mozimafa (mo-zim-afa) `zmaneba~. gamoiyofa zim- (zim-ua) `zomva~
mizimuans `(Ca)izomebs~. inozimafa (ino-zim-afa) `Cazomeba, Cadgma (fexisa)~
(Waraia 1997).
lazuri
laz. kuCxe meSaCu `fexis Cadgma, Seyofa~. modvalus kuCxe qomeSafCi
`fexsacmelSi fexi Cavdgi, (Cavicvi)~ (Cveni masala).
laz. meSamalu `Seyofa (fexis)~ (Cveni masala).
laz. meSaRala `Cacma (fexze)~. meSaiRi kuCxe modvalus do meunkapi
`Cavicvi fexsacmeli da gaviqeci~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. megr. miSaRala ||
miToRala (kuCxiSi) ìd~.
128
laz. modvalu || modvalafa || modumu || modu `Cacma (fexze)~ 9Tandilava
2013). papuwi qomuidvi `Custi Cavicvi~ (Cveni masala). foTiniSi doloxe
TiTxu wineki muidumelan `fexsacmlis SigniT Txel windas icvamen~
(Ciqobava 1929, 150).
laz. moZin àcvia~. kuCxes moZin nalini `fexT acvia qoSi~ (asaTiani
1974, 79). kuCxes lastiki moZitu `fexze kaloSi ecva~ (Ciqobava 1929, 93).
Sdr. qomoZin àfaria, axuravs, acvia~ || moZun || gomozun `wamocmuli aqvs,
ukeTia~.
4) samoslis gaxda, gamocvla
megruli
am
jgufSi
ganxilulia
samoslis
gaxdis,
gamocvlis
aRmniSvneli
sityvebi.
(muko-nwy -ma)
mukonwy ma
megr.
||
m konwy ma
`tanisamosis
gaxda~.
gamoiyofa nwy - (nwy -ma) Ziri `xsna, xda~. misgan iwarmoeba mimReoba
mukonwy mil-i `gaxdili~.
am konteqstSi sainteresoa megrulSi dadasturebuli forma: gorCvil-i
`gaZarcvuli~ (qajaia I, 2001), romelic nawarmoebia rCuala
(go-rCv-il-i)
(rCu-ala)
gorcvil-i
`Zarcva,
gacveTa~
(go-rcv-il-i).
zmnisagan.
tanisamosis
gvaqvs
gaxdis
paraleluri
mniSvnelobiT
forma
megrulSi
piriani forma ara Cans. am mniSvnelobiT is daculi aris mimReobaSi:
gorCvil-i
||
gorcvil-i,
magram
am
SemTxvevaSic
semantika
odnav
gadaweulia. mag., gorCvili voreq àraferi ar gamaCnia, – ara mxolod
tanisamosiT, aramed yvelafrianad~.
megr.
mukosofua
(muko-sof-ua)
`swrafad
gaxda
(zedmiw.
mogleja)~.
gamkisofu bargi `swrafad gaixada tansacmeli~. es fuZe nawarmoebia sof(sof-ua) `{mo}gleja~ Zirisagan.
megr. mukorRvafa (muko-rRva-fa) `swrafad gaxda, dayra tansacmlisa~.
es
fuZe
gamoiyeneba
mxolod
mravlobiTis
formiT:
bargi
gamkirRu
`tanisamosi gaixada (zedmiw. `dayara~)~.
129
megr. mukoJvilua (mo-Jvil-ua) `fexsacmlis swrafad gaxda~. mocemuli
fuZe Jvil- (Jvil-ua) `gleja~ Zirisagan aris nawarmoebi. gamkiJvil
kaba
`swrafad gaixada kaba~. am Ziris Semcveli sityvebi gvaqvs
fexsamosis
gaxdisa
semantikur
da
Tavsaburavis
moxdis,
moxsnis
aRmniSvnel
jgufSi. ix. megr. moJvilua, eJvilua.
lazuri
laz. mosTimu `gaZroma (samosis)~. na-moZitu Sarvali do bluzafe
gamosTu `rom ecva Sarvali da bluza, gaZvra~ (Cveni masala).
laz. gonRaRafa || gonRaRu `gaReRa~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. go(r)Cu 1. `gaxda~ (Tandilava 2013). nana-muSis SeÁefe gorCu
`dedamiss nivTebi gaxada / dedamisi gaaSiSvla~ (yifSiZe 1994, 79).
laz.
gowkimu
`moxsna~.
oxorjalefeq
gowakiu
guwiwkes
`qalebma
winsafari moixsnes~ (lazuris fondi).
laz. mowkimu || mowku || mowu `gaxda (samoslis)~. gamiwku doloqunu
muSi `gaixada Tavisi samosi~.
laz. okowkimu `gaxda, gaxsna~. beeq forCa ukuiwku do qowiu `bavSma
perangi gaixsna da uCvena~ (kartozia
1972, 149).
laz. xegamalu `xelis (mklavis) gamoReba~. xeforCaSen xe qagamiRu
`mklavidan xeli gamoiRo~ (Cveni masala). emus forCa qamowkes do baSqa
forCa
qodoloqunes
`mas
perangi
gaxades
da
sxva
perangi
Caacves~
(lazuris fondi).
laz. monqTuru || oqTuru `Secvla~. iqTuru, iqTiru `Seicvala~. si
forCa diqTuri, ama guri var iqTuridoren `Sen perangi Seicvale, magram
guli ar Segcvlia~ (lazuris fondi).
5) fexsamosis gaxda
megruli
megr. monwy ma (mo-nwy -ma) `gaxda fexsacmlisa an windisa~. gamoiyofa
nwy -
(nwy -ma)
Ziri `moxsna~. minwy n--s `gaixdis~.
130
megr. mo oTama (mo- oT-ama) `swrafad gaxda fexsacmlisa an windisa~. es
oT- ( oT-ama) `gdeba~ Zirisagan. mi oTans `swrafad
fuZe nawarmoebi aris
gaixdis (zedmiw. `dayris fexsacmels an windebs)~. am Zirisgan iwarmoeba
tanisamosis gaxdis an Tavsaburavis moxdis aRmniSvneli sityvebi. ix. megr.
muko oTama, e oTama.
megr.
mosofua
(mo-sof-ua)
zedmiw. `mogleja~.
swrafad,
sibraziT
sof- (sof-ua)
gamoiyofa
gaxda
fexsacmlisa,
`gleja~ Ziri. gamisofu
Cafula `swrafad, sibraziT gaixada fexsacmeli~. am Ziris Semcveli
sityvebi
gvaqvs
tanisamosis
gaxdisa
da
Tavsaburavis
moxdis
mniSvnelobiT. ix. megr. mukosofua, esosua.
megr. moJvilua (mo-Jvil-ua) `fexsacmlis swrafad gaxda~. mocemuli
fuZe
Jvil-
(Jvil-ua)
`gleja~
Semcveli sityvebi gvaqvs
moxsnis
Zirisagan
aris
nawarmoebi.
am
tanisamosis gaxdisa da Tavsaburavis
Ziris
moxdis,
aRmniSvnel semantikur jgufSi. ix. megr. mokoJvilua, eJvilua.
lazuri
laz.
kuCxeS/s
||
kuCxeS
modvaluS-i
mowku
||
mowkimu
`gaxda
(fexsacmlis)~. man kuCxeS moiwkif `me fexze vixdi~ (Cveni masala).
laz.
mosTvalu
`gaZroba
(fexsamosis)~.
ma
qamomosTu
modvalu
`fexsacmeli gamZvra~ (Cveni masala).
laz. TaTmaniSi mowyimu `xelTaTmnis gaZroba~ (Cveni masala).
6) Tavsaburavis moxda
megruli
megr.
enwyuma
(e-nwy-uma)
||
enwy ma
(e-nwy -ma)
`moxda,
moxsna
Tavsaburavisa~. wyu- || nwy - Zirisgan aris nawarmoebi. mis Sesaxeb ix.
monwy ma. einwyun-s || einwy n-s `(mo)ixdis, moixsnis Tavsaburavs~.
megr. eJvilua (e-Jvil-ua) `swarafad moxda, moxsna Tavsaburavisa~. qica
geiJvil ùceb, swrafad moixsna Tavsafari~. fuZe Jvil- (Jvil-ua) `gleja~
Zirisagan
aris
nawarmoebi.
am
fuZis
Semcveli
sityvebi
gvaqvs
131
tanisamosisa da fessamosis gaxdis aRmniSvnel semantikur jgufSi. ix.
megr. mukoJvilua, moJvilua.
megr. esofua (e-sof-ua) `swrafad moxda, moxsna (zedmiw. mogleja)
Tavsaburavisa~. geisofu qudi `swrafad moixada (zedmiw. `moiglija~)
qudi.
lazuri
laz.
mowk(im)u
mowkvinu
||
owku
||
`moxda~.
papaxi
muiwku
`boxoxi
moixada~ (Cveni masala).
laz. gewkimu àxsna, moxsna~ (Tandilava 2013).
7) Sesakravebis Sekvra
megruli
megr.
mortyafa
(mo-rty-afa)
`mortyma
(sartylisa)~.
ortyafu
qomurtyafudes `sartyeli SemoertyaT~ (yifSiZe 1994, 150). is nawarmoebia
rty- (rtyafa) `mortyma~ zmnuri Zirisagan.
megr. binua (bin-ua) `Sebneva~. Ziqvas ibinuns `Sarvals ibnevs~ (qajaia I,
2001). fuZe bin- Zirisagan aris nawarmoebi. es fuZe saerToqarvelurad
aris miCneuli. Sdr.: qarT. ben- || bin- || bn- `Sekvra, Sebneva.~ i-bn-ev-s, sa-bnev-i : zan (megr.) o-bin-al-i `Sesabnevi~; megr.-laz. o-bin-u || bin-ua `Sekvra,~
u-bin-un-s ùbnevs.~ go-bin-il-i `Sekruli.~ : svan. li-bn-e `Sekvra, Sebneva;~
le-mn-i `Rili,~ i-bn-e `Seikravs, Seibnevs,~ (fenrixi, sarjvelaZe 2000, 102103). aRniSnuli erTeulebis arqetipad m. Cuxua aRadgens s.-qarTv. *ben-
||
*bin- `Sekvra, Sebneva~ fuZes (Cuxua 2009, 227).
megr.
go oTama
(go- oT-ama)
`Semortyma
sartylisa,
zedmiw.
welze
mogdeba qamrisa~. is nawarmoebi aris oT- ( oT-ama) `gdeba~ Zirisagan.
megr.
giTorRvafa
(giTo-rRv-afa)
|
g TorRvafa
(g To-rRv-afa)
kilarRvafa (kila-rRv-afa) || k larRvafa (k la-rRv-afa) `zonris
||
gayra~.
zorti quklurRu kabas `kabaSi zonari gauyara~ (Cveni masala).
132
megr. gosquala (go-squ-ala) || goskuala (go-sku-ala) `Sekvra~. Surnoki
akosku `Tasma Sekra~. gosqvil-i `Sekruli~.
megr. wiapua `magrad ganaskva~.
lazuri
laz. gamakiru `gaskvna, gamonaskva~.
orkas ar uji qagamikirÁa `kabis
yuri gaminaskvneo~ (lazuris fondi).
laz. golabRafa || golabRu `gayra~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz.
gotkafa || gotku || gokoru `Semoxveva, Semokvra~ (lazuris
fondi). gokors àkravs, artyia~.
laz. gotkimu || motkimu `Semortyma, Semocma~ (Cveni masala). otkafe
gotkutes `sartyeli ertyaT~ (asaTiani 1974, 15).
laz.
goSadvalu || goSadumafa || goSadumalu || goSadumafu || goSadu
`sartylis gayra~. Salvari Sibi goSadvaleri iyven `Sarvalze Snuri
(naWris) gayrili iqneba~ (Ciqobava 1929, 15).
laz. eladaZu (aTin.) || elambinu (viw.) `mibma (raRacisa samosze)~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. ewakiru `mikvra, mibma (qvevidan)~. Sdr. laz. ewakirel-i `mikruli,
mibmuli~ (qvevidan) (lazuris fondi).
laz. membinu1 `mikinZva, folaqis Sekvra~. sede efe doimbini `folaqebi
Sevikari (avikinZe) (Tandilava 2013).
laz. okokiu || okiu `Sekvra~. man qemeri goikiuf `qamars vikrav~ (Cveni
masala).
laz. okon-s àrtyia, Semoxveulia (garSemo)~ (lazuris fondi).
laz.
okombinu
sede i/mfulefe
`Sekvra~;
okuimbini
`RiliT
`Rili
an
sxva
Sevikari~.
SesakraviT
Skas
koCefe
Sekvra~..
sede iTen
ukuinbinuptes `wels kacebi RiliT Seikravdnen~ (Cveni masala). ix. megr.
akobinua.
laz.
qonukiru `miaba~. dursuniq TokiSi ar
uji gidelis qonukiru
(lazuris fondi). gekorer-i, gekirel-i `dakruli, gakruli~. metaqsiS
133
doloqunu
boxCas
gekorer
qomunjRonuman
àbreSumis
Casacmels
qsovilze (boxCaze) mikruls ugzavnian~ (lazuris fondi).
laz. qotu `daaxvia, Seaxvia~ (lazuris fondi).
8) Sesakravebis gaxsna
megruli
megr. gonwyuma (go-nwy-uma) || gonwy ma (go-nwy -ma) `gaxsna~, Sexsna~ ginwy
qica
Seixsna
Tavsafari.
ginwy
baSlayu
`Seixsna
yabalaxi~.
megr.
gonwyumil-i || gonwy mil-i. Sdr.. laz. gonwyei `gaxsnili~.
lazuri
laz. gamalu `qamris gamoReba (mklavis gamoRebasac niSnavs)~.
laz.
gowkimu || gowku || gowu || okowkimu `gaxsna, gaZroba, moxsna~.
kopWafe okiwkiko `folaqebi rom Segexsna~ (yifSiZe 1994, 69) (Tandilava
2013).
oxoiSa
mexTu-Si
otkafu
qaguiwku
`Sin
rom
mivida,
sartyeli
moixsna~ (asaTiani 1974, 43).
laz. okonaru `Semoxsna~ (lazuris fondi).
laz. owkimu `gaxsna~. Sdr. gowkei `gaxsnili~ (Tandilava 2013).
9) morTva
megruli
megr.
monwyuala
(mo-nwy-uala)
`gamowyoba~.
gagminwyu
do
midarT
`gamoewyo da wavida~. Sdr. monwyil-i `gamowyobili~.
megr. mofirfiCua `morTva, gamowyoba~. Sdr. mofirfiCel-i morTulmokazmuli, gamopranWuli~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. eSanwyuala `gulis amorTva~ (Cveni masala).
megr. gebunafa `dakideba (samkaulisa)~ (Cveni masala).
megr. geroxua `bevri, msxvili samkaulis dakideba yelze~. Zireuli
mniSvneloba am sityvisa aris `daxergva~ (qajaia I, 2001).
134
megr. gexarxua `bevri ramis (samkaulis) erTad gakeTeba~. gioxarx
`bevri ram ukeTia~ (Cveni masala).
megr. geCxorCxua `bevri samkaulis dakideba~ (Cveni masala).
megr. geWonWua `bevri samkaulis, kerZod, mZivebis uSnod dakideba
yelze~ (Cveni masala).
megr. oqroT mo inua oqroS e inil-i `mooqrovili, oqroSi Cabmuli,
oqroTi Semoyinuli~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. movarayel-i `Zvirfasi samkauli Semkuli~ (Cveni masala).
lazuri
laz.
gebumu
`dakideba,
mibma~.
ჲazmas
fuli
alTuniSi
gebutu
`Tavsafars oqros moneta hqonda mibmuli~ (lazuris fondi). ჲazmas fuli
gubutu `Tavsafars moneta eba~ (kartozia 1972, 39).
laz. godvalu `modeba~ (lazuris fondi).
laz. gokidu || gokidafa `Semokideba irgvliv, mobma irgvliv~. man
nusqafe gomobun `me avgarozebi mkidia~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. dolobunu `dakideba~. [delikanlis] gÁumiSiS qჲosteRi yalis
qodolobun àxalgazrdas vercxlis yelsabami yelze hkidia~ (lazuris
fondi).
laz. mecigu `CarWoba~. Sdr. laz. cigeჲ
ჲ àcmuli~ (lazuris fondi).
laz.
modadaluf-s
`morTavs,
mokazmavs,
`moayvavilebs~.
sija-Ti
qamodadalu `siZec gamoawyo~. Sdr. laz. dadal-i `yvavili~.
laz. modumu2 `wamocmeva~ (Tandilava 2013). aCqva mawkindi moiwku xes do
qomodu èrTi kidev beWedi moiZro xelze da wamoacva~ (kartozia 1972,
79).
laz. moJobun (< mo-Ja-o)
`mokidebulia, mobmulia
(rasme zevidan)~
(lazuris fondi).
laz. moZin ùkeTia~. delikanlis sali xeSi Wuta kiTis alTuniSi
mawkindi moZin àxalgazrdas marcxena xelis nekze oqros beWedi aqvs
wamocmuli~ (Ciqobava 1929, 16).
135
laz. mowifxu || mowofxafa || mowifxafa || mowofxu `morTva~, `gamowyoba~
(Tandilava 2013). ix. CacmasTanac. laz. mowifxe-Á `mowyobili~. mufeÁ
mowifxeÁ doloquns `rogor kargad acvia (gamowyobilia)~ (Cveni masala) ||
wifxer-i
laz.
`moqarguli,
morTuli,
gamowyobili~.
si
eko
moT
megomsqun, e baSluRi wifxeri `Sen Zalian rad gixdeba (naqargiviT) Tavze
Semoxveuli
yabalaxi~.
Sdr.
gur.
wifxa
`xis
qerqisagan
gakeTebuli
sasmisi, WurWeli~ (SaraSiZe 1938). SesaZloa am or fuZes Soris raime
kavSiri iyos.
laz. mowyvinu `morTva, gamowyoba~ (Cveni masala).
laz. nobun `hkidia, mokidebuli aris; ubia, mibmuli aqvs (samkauli)~.
laz.
okidu
`morTva~,
`gawyoba~.
qomeukidi
||
qogeokidi
`movrTe,
gavawyve~ (Cveni masala).
laz. oconu àcma (ramisa)~. Sdr. laz. coner-i àcmuli~ (lazuris
fondi).
laz. oxu `gawyoba~. forCa tismaTen domixven `kaba maqmaniT gamiwyve~
(Cveni masala)
laz. elobun `gverdze hkidia~ (lazuris fondi).
mocemul TavSi gaerTianda CacmasTan da gaxdasTan dakavSirebuli
sityvebi.
samoslis
Cacmisa
da
gaxdis
gavaanalizeT tanisamosis da
semantikur
jgufSi
aRvwereT
da
fexsamosis Cacma-gaxdis, Tavsaburavis, –
qudis, Tavsafris daxurvisa da moxdis, Sesakravebis Sekvra-Sexsnisa da
samkaulebiT
Semkobis
aRniSvneli
sityvebi.
gamoikveTa
tanisamosis
Cacmis niuansebi – zogadad, Cacma, morgeba, Cazomeba, moxdeniloba. Cacmis
manera damokidebuli aris samoslis
formaze, xarisxze. amdenad, am
TvalsazrisiT, am jgufSi Semavali saxelebi metad sainteresoa. xSirad
gamoiyeneba
erTi
da
igive
Ziri
sxvadasxva
Tematur
jgufSi,
rac,
ZiriTadad, megrul-lazuris zmniswinTa simravliT aris ganpirobebuli.
statistikurad am semantikur jgufSi Semavali leqsikuri erTeulebi
lazurSi, Cveni masalis mixedviT, mwiria.
Cacmis maneris safuZvelze SeiZleba samoslis saxeoba Camoyalibdes.
mag.
megr.
mikirsxipan-s
(miki-rsxip-ans)
`viwro
tanisamoss
icvams~.
mukarsxip-u `Semosxepili aqvs~. rsxip- (rsxip-ua) `Semosxepa, Semotkeca,
136
gansxirpva,
gaWimva~
Ziri
aris
amosavali.
maSasadame,
Sesabamisad,
morsxipil-i kaba `Semosxepili, Semotkecili kaba~.
Tavi III. samoselTan dakavSirebuli leqsika megrul-lazur
frazeologizmebSi
samosels adamianis cxovrebaSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeboda
odiTganve.
is
materialuri
adamianis
kulturuli
gamoxatulebaa.
idiomaturi
Sinagani
amitom,
mdgomareobis,
yofis,
Semecnebisa
bunebrivia,
gamoTqmebi
eris
da
samoselTan
megrul-lazurSi
sulieri
da
azrovnebis
dakavSirebuli
mravalferovania,
vinaidan
idiomSi asaxvas povebs ama Tu im xalxis yofa, istoria, misi miswrafeba.
megrul-lazuri samoslis aRmniSvneli leqsikis Semcveli idiomaturi
gamoTqmebi
mniSvnelovania
lingvokulturologiuri
leqsikuri,
istoriuli-eTnografiuli,
TvalsazrisiT.
maTSi
naTlad
aris
warmodgenili saerToqarTuli enobrivi da materialuri kulturuli
yofisTvis damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebani.
sanaalizo masalis mixedviT gamoiyo samoslis aRmniSvneli Semdegi
sayrdeni sityvebi, romlebic monawileoben idiomebSi:
megr. kaba, laz. forka `kaba~:
megr.
osuriSi
kaba
mˆˆkaqunsu
||
laz.
oxorjaSi
forka
doloquns
`mxdalia~ (ityvian mamakacze, romelsac vaJkacuri Tvisebebi ar gaaCnia)
(zedmiw. `qalis kaba acvia~. megr. si osuriSi kaba m k norque, koCiS
Sarvali vam norZe `Sen qalis kaba gcmia, kacis Sarvali ar gcmia~. laz.
si mexTi do oxorjas forCa qodiliquni `wadi da qalis kaba Caicvi~
(Cveni masala).
sainteresoa kabis monawileobiT Seqmnili frazeologiuri Sesityveba,
romelic
lazur
rwmena-warmodgenebs
asaxavs:
forka
gamakÁu
zedmiw.
137
`kabis gamokoWva~. qari rom amovardeboda, ojaxis ufros qaliSvils kabis
bolos gamoukoWavdnen, ganaskvavdnen, ityodnen locvas, evedrebodnen
RmerTs, exsna isini stiqiuri ubedurebebisagan ― xanZari Caeqro, qari
Caeyenebina, rom daecva tye, sofeli, uvneblad daebrunebina meTevzeebi,
mezRvaurebi.
qarsac
mimarTavdnen,
rom
Camdgariyo.
sanam
qari
ar
Cadgeboda, kaba gamokoWili iyo. locva ase JRerda: RormoTi, Cqimi
daRefe domiCviT, daCxii va iyvas, mzoRa va irdas, meCxomefe saRlami
qagixTan,
kalaSi
barva
qododgiTas
kalaSi,
barva
dokii,
ordo
qododgiTi `RmerTo, Cemi tyeebi damifare, cecxli ar iyos, zRva ar
aReldes, meTevzeebi janmrTeli dabrundnen, qaris qrolva dadges. qaro,
qrola Sekari, adre dadeq~. lazebis rwmeniT, maT mier Sesrulebuli
rituali bunebis movlenebze zegavlenas moaxdenda da daicavda maT
stiqiuri ubedurebisagan (Cveni masala).
am rituals m. vaniliSi da a. Tandilava ase aRweren: gazafxulze,
martsa da aprilSi moulodnelad amovardeba xolme samxreT-dasavleTis
qari,
romelsac
lazebi
meTevzeebisaTvis
yvelaze
`dolozs~
saSiSia
es
eZaxian
qari,
(`doloziS
romelic
maT
obaru~).
did
zians
ayenebs. amitom rodesac es qari amovardeboda, meTevzeebis colebi an
naTesavebi
ase
iqceodnen:
ded-mamis
pirvel
qaliSvils,
miuxedavad
asakisa, avaleben, Tavisi kabis erTi bolo `gamokoWos~, e. i. gamokvanZos
da Tan samjer Tqvas: `RormoTi, barva qamakvaTi~ (RmerTo qari Sewyvite)
(vaniliSi, Tandilava 1984, 141).
Savi samoseli mgloviarobis, gaWirvebis erT-erTi gamoxatuleba iyo
qristianisaTvis. es damokidebuleba Taviseburebad aisaxeba idiomebSi:
megr. uCa kabaT g T nardi `qvrivobiT, gaWirvebiT gamozrda~. zedmiw.
`Savi kabiT gamozrdili~. Sdr. qarT. Savis kabiT gamozrda (Svilisa).
megr. uCaSi m koquna || Wkirili uCaSi m koquna `gamwareba, gaubedureba~.
zedmiw. `(daWrili) Savis Cacma~. Cqimicali Wkirili uCa m koiqunudas!
zedmiw.
`Cemnairi
daWrili
(`Semoutexavi~)
Savebi
(`ZaZebi~)
Cagecvas!~
(aseTi Cacma gansakuTrebuli mwuxarebis dros ician), gadat. `Cemi dRe
dagdgomodes, iseTive samgloviaro da sadardebeli gagCenodes, rogoric
me maqvso~. Sdr. laz. uCa forkaS diloqunu `gamwareba, gaubedureba~.
138
CqimisTeჲ
ჲ uCa forka diliquneeta zedmiw. `CemsaviT Savi kaba Cagecvas!~
wyevlaa erTgvari (SeniSvna: lazeTSi Savi feris aRniSnuli mniSvnelobiT
gamoyenebaze miuTiTeben mxolod qristiani lazebi) (Cveni masala).
megr. Cqimi kaba m koiqunudas `me ra mdgomareobaSic var, ise iyavi
Senc~. zedmiw. `Cemi kaba Cagecvas~. Sdr. qarT. Cemi kabiTac damjdarxar!
`qmari mogkvdomodes, samgloviaro saqme dagmarTodes!~ (saxokia 1979, 776).
megr. uCa kabaT xe || uCaT doqunili xe `damwuxrebulia, mgloviarea~.
zedmiw. `Savi kabiT || SaviT Semosili zis~. Sdr. qarT. Savi kabiT dajdoma
`glova, mwuxareba micvalebulze~ (saxokia 1979, 736).
zog
SemTxvevaSi
ar
aris
dakonkretebuli
samgloviaro
samosis
saxeoba, uCa `Savi~ ixmareba ganzogadebulad.
megr. uCaT doforil-i || uCaS-i miToforil-i `mgloviare~. zedmiw.
`SaviT dafaruli || SavSi (Sav samosSi) Cafluli~ (Cveni masala).
megr. uCaS mukoquna `glova~. zedmiw. `Savis Cacma~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr.
megr. uCas vamkoiqunanq `Tavs ar Seviwuxeb~. Sdr. qarT.˜Savebs ar Cavicvam
(saxokia 1979, 734).
megr. uCaT nwerili `Savad Sesudruli~. kvaria meurs uCaT nwerili
`yvavi midis Savad Sesudruli~ (kilanava 1998).
megr. (Cqimi) uCa kˆˆnoikirafudas! `gamwarebuliyavi, gaubedurebuliyavi~.
zedmiw. `Savi (mandili) wagekras~. Sdr. qarT. Cemi leCaqiTac damjdara
`Cemi dRe dasdgomodes, iseTive samgloviaro da sadardebeli gasCenodes,
rogoric me maqvso., gasWirvebodes, damwuxrebuliyos~ (saxokia 1979, 734).
megr.
uCaS
miToxuna
`glova~.
zedmiw.
`SavSi
jdoma~.
am
idiomis
gasaazreblad sainteresoa samegreloSi gavrcelebuli glovis tradicia:
`bnelSi jdoma mgloviarisa. Wirisufali iketeboda bnel sadgomSi da
erTi
weli
aravis
enaxveboda.
saWmel-sasmels,
usaTuod
samarxvos,
garedan awvdidnen da fexis alagsac axlos uwyobdnen mofarebulSi.
mgloviaris gamoyvana bnelidan wlisTavis aRsaniSnavi ritualis nawili
iyo. ceremonialze xvewna-vedrebiT gamoyvanil Wirisufals am erTi wlis
manZilze Camozrdili Tma-wveric unda gaekriWa. pirvelad Tma misTvis
139
gardacvlilis magiers unda moekveca; ase eZaxdnen daqvrivebuli kacis
jdomasac
sagangebod
mowyobil
karavSi,
sadac
igi
micvalebulis
dakrZalvamde rCeboda da iqve Rebulobda samZimars~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr.
megr.
CxviCxveli
uCaSa
miToixunudas!
`gamwarebuliyavi!~
zedmiw.
`Semouqobav SavebSi Camjdariyavi (Cagecvas)!~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. uCaS-i mikoWala `mwuxarebaSi Cavardna~. zedmiw. Savis mikereba~.
megr. RarTi `Coxa~:
megr. RarTamo dinafa `daRupva mTlianad~. zedmiw. `Coxianad dakargva~
(qajaia III, 2002); `samudamod gadakargva, dedabudianad gadaxvewa, daRupva~
(qobalia 2010).
megr. RarTamo Wyvadua àrafris SerCena, gaRatakeba~. zedmiw. Coxianad
amowyveta~. T. saxokia amis Sesaxeb wers: RarTianad daviRupe `sul mTlad
daviRupe, suls aqeT araferi SemrCa (saxokia 1979, 697). rogorc T.
saxokia aRniSnavs, `RarTi megrulad igivea, rac qarTulSi Turqulidan
Semosuli sityva Coxaa, e. i. axaluxs zemodan Casacmeli samamakaco
samosi Salisa. Zvelad, unda vifiqroT, yvelasaTvis xelmisawvdomi ar
iyo RarTi da, maSasadame, Zvirfasad da natvris sagnad iTvleboda. misi
dakargva
megrelisaTvis
udrida
uRarTod
darCenas
anu
samamaco
samosels moklebas da tolTa Soris Sercxvenas da es Tqmac swored
amitom gamoxatavda materialurad dazaralebuli megrelis ganuzomel,
aunazRaurebel bedZnelobas~ (saxokia 1979, 698).
megr. RarTiS gosofua `Tavis gamodeba, TavpatiJi~. zedmiw. `Coxis
Semogleja, kalTebis dagleja~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. karTe, laz. podia `kalTa~:
kalTa zogadad cva-mfarvelobis, mowyalebis, mzrunvelobis, sasoebis,
sulgrZelebis, siwmindis simbolod moiazreba qarTul cnobierebaSi da
asec aris asaxuli idiomebSi:
megr.
karTeSi
daxmareba~.
megr.
gino/inoforafa
WyolofuaSi
||
karTe
podia
moTvalu
`dacva,
qignaforuu
`daifara,
daicva~.
laz.
zedmiw. `wyalobis kalTa gadaafara~ (qajaia III, 2002). laz. o, bee ka&
vauyonu, mara nana muSiq podia moTumes || xe moTumes ò, biWi kargi ar
hyavs, magram dedamisi kalTas afarebs || xels afarebs~ (Cveni masala).
140
Sdr. qarT. kalTis gadafareba `dacva, dafarva, Svela, daxmareba, xsna
gaWirvebisagan, Tavis Sefareba~ (saxokia 1979, 308).
megr. karTeSi farTxua || laz. podiaSi ofaTxu `pasuxismgeblobis
moxsna, adamianTan yovelgvari kavSiris gawyveta garkveuli mizezis gamo~
zedmiw. `kalTis mibertyva~. laz. ma dido kaoba voRodi, mara muq podia
difaTxu `me bevri sikeTe gavukeTe, magram man kalTa daiferTxa, zrunvapatronobaze xeli aiRo~. si
eSo
pati koCi eq,
man
sqaniSen podia
do&&faTxi `Sen iseTi cudi kaci xar, me Senze kalTa davibertye (xeli
aviRe)~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. qarT. kalTis mibertyva `kavSiris gawyveta,
Tavidan moSoreba, zrunva-patronobaze xelis aReba~ (saxokia 1979, 309).
megr. karTeT gila‡‡onafa || laz. podiaTen oyonafu `mzrunveloba~.
zedmiw.
`kalTiT
tareba~.
laz.
podiaTen
goჲ
ჲyonupti
`kalTiT
davatarebdi~. nanamuSiq podiaTen guiyonu, awi muTu vaaxvenen `dedamisma
kalTiT atara, axla verafers ver akeTebs~. Sdr. qarT. kalTiT tareba;
kalTaSi gamozrda (saxokia 1979, 308).
megr.
karTeSi
elabuna
||
laz.
podias
gelakidu
`vinmeze
damokidebuleba~. zedmiw. `kalTaze dakideba~. laz. soTi vaoCqu, kulani
podias qogilikidu àrsad ar uSvebs, gogo kalTaze hyavs gamokidebuli~
(Cveni masala). Sdr. qarT. kalTaze gamobma || kalTis daWera, kalTaze
dabRauWeba || dakideba || daWideba || mokideba `visTvisme Svelis Txovna,
visime cva-farvis Zebna, vinmeze damokidebuleba~ (saxokia 1979, 306-308).
amave idiomis sinonimia megr. karTes elasxupini `sxvaze damokidebuleba~.
zedmiw. `kalTaze Camokideba; kalTaze xelCakidebiT siaruli~ (qobalia
2010).
megr. karTeSa dudiSi awodvala || laz. podias Ti geladvalu `visime
mfarvelobis qveS yofna, visime imediT darCena.~ zedmiw. `(visime) kalTaSi
Tavis dadeba~. megr. Cqimi karTeSa awuZ nia dudi _ `Cems kalTaSi udevso
Tavi. laz. emus Cqimi podias giluZin Ti do moT aSqurinasinon ìmas Cems
kalTaSi udevs Tavi da rad SeeSiSindeba?!~ (Cveni masala).
megr. karTes muTun vawucenc ùqmad araferi mova, verafers iSovis~.
zedmiw. `kalTaze araferi daucvivdeba~. arT dixas dimaxvenc karTes
141
muTun vawucenc èrT adgilas damjdoms, kalTaze araferi daucvivdeba~
(qajaia II, 2002; samuSia 1971, 17).
megr.
karTeekineli
gilurcu
`maTxovrobs~.
zedmiw.
`kalTaaweuli
dadis~. Sdr. qarT. kalTaaweuli `maTxovari, glaxa, Raribi, mowyalebis
mTxovneli~. zedmiw. `kalTaaweuli~ (saxokia 1979, 306).
megr. karTes miToforini || laz. podiaSa qomuixizu `(vinmes) imedad
yofna~. zedmiw. (vinmes) kalTas Sefareba, Semoxizneba~. megr. Cqimi karTes
miTofor `Cems kma-yofazea~. laz. emuSi podiaSa qomuixizu ìmis kalTas
Semoafara Tavi~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. qarT. kalTas Semoxizneba `vinmes
imediT yofna, gaWirvebis dros visime cva-farvis molodini~ (saxokia 1979,
307).
megr. karTeSi ekorof/bua || laz. podias monZiqu `gaqceva~. zedmiw.
kalTis akrefa~. laz. muinZiqu podia muSi do mikilu `kalTa aikrifa da
gaiara).
Sdr.
qarT.
kalTis
||
kalTebis
akrefa
`gasaqcevad
kargad
momzadeba~ (saxokia 1979, 308).
megr. karTeSa aSarduala || karTeSi gˆˆTorduala || karTeSi g Tnardi ||
karTeSi nardie || g Tnardie || laz. podias rdeჲ
ჲ `kalTaSi gazrdili~.
Sdr. qarT. kalTaSi gamozrda `vinmes xeliT gazrda, movla-patronoba~
(saxokia 1979, 308). msgavsi mniSvnelobisaa megr. karTeSi miTorduala
`kalTisqveS gazrda~ (qobalia 2010).
megr.
karTeSi
mosofua
`bevri
xvewna,
Txovna~.
zedmiw.
`kalTis
Camogleja~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr. qarT. kalTis Camogleja. kalTas aravin
ar Camoglejs, aravin ar Segexveweba. || kalTis dagleja `xvewna, mudara,
CacivebiT Txovna~ (oniani 1966, 99).
megr.
karTeSi
aSarulafa
||
laz.
podias
gelanjiu
ùdardeloba,
uzrunveloba. zedmiw. kalTaSi CaZineba~. laz. podias gelanjiu Te&s kai
awonen `kalTaSi CaZineba yvelas uyvars, moswons~. Sdr. qarT. kalTaSi
CaZineba ùdardeloba, uzrunveloba, saqmeze Tavis arideba, sxvisi imediT
darCena~ (saxokia 1979, 307).
megr. karTeSi aSaxuna || laz. podias gelaxunu `gafufuneba~. zedmiw.
`kalTaSi Cajdoma~. laz. podias gelaxune& irdu `fufunebiT gaizarda
142
(kalTaze
iyo
dabRauWebuli)~.
Sdr.
qarT.
kalTaSi
Cajdoma
gadat.
`daSinaureba, Tavisianad miCneva~ (saxokia 1979, 308).
megr. karTeSa awosorgafa `sikeTe, mowyaleba~. zedmiw. `kalTaze dayra~.
megr. jgiri koc qobali do jimu karTeSa ewusorgunia `karg kacs puri
da marili kalTaze uyriao (keTilia, mowyalea)~ (Cveni masala).
megr. bargiSi akokirua `sadme wasvla~. zedmiw. `tansacmlis Sekvra~.
megr. bargi dikiri `saxlidan wadi, aikrife guda-nabadi~. Sdr. qarT.
bargis akvra `wasvla, ayra, samyofi adgilis datoveba (oniani 1966, 27).
bargi aikra `wavida, iqaurobas gaecala, mogvSorda~ (saxokia 1979, 46).
megr. qica || laz. iazma || mendili || laCeqi `Tavsafari.~
Tavsaburavi, kerZod, qalisaTvis mandili, xolo mamakacisaTvis qudi,
maTi zneobriobis – morCilebis, kdemamosilebis, vaJkacobis gamovlineba
iyo. misdami udieri damokidebulebiTa da misi Seusabamod gamoyenebis
SemTxvevaSi
adamianis
Rirseba
ilaxeboda.
es
naTlad
Cans
myar
gamonaTqvamebSi:
megr. osuriSi qicaS gerTumala || laz. Áazma moTvalu `Sercxvena~.
zedmiw. `qalis Tavsafris dafareba~. osuriSi qica giorTunia `qalis
Tavsafari axuravs~. laz. koCoba vadosqideen do Tis Áazma qomoiTveen
`kacoba ar darCenia da Tavze mandili dauxuravs~; oxorja muSiq Tis
iazma qomoTu `colma mas Tavze leCaqi daaxura (vaJkacoba waarTva)~
(Cveni masala). Sdr. qarT. leCaqis || mandilis daxurva (mamakacis mier)
`kacisaTvis mamakacur TvisebaTa warTmeva da am TvisebaTa wil saqalo
TvisebaTa mikuTvneba, sasircxvilo saqmis Cadena, augianoba, saZraxisoba~
(saxokia 1979, 357, 371). qarT. Tavze leCaqis daxurva `Sercxvena, Tavis
moWra (ityvian mxdalobis Camden mamakacze)~ (oniani 1966, 73). mandili
xuravs
`mxdalia,
laCaria
(mamakaci);
patiosania,
namusiania,
yoCaRia
(qali)~ (oniani 1966, 109).
laz. Áazma || laCaqi mowkimu `Seuracxyofa, Sercxvena~. zedmiw. `leCaqis
moxda~. Sdr. qarT. mandilis || leCaqis moxda `Seuracxyofa, pativis ayra,
usircxviloba, namusze xelis aReba, qalis mier saaugo saqmis Cadena~
(saxokia 1979, 358, 371); namusis leCaqis axda `qalis mier namusze xelis
aReba~ (oniani 1966, 73; saxokia 1979, 451). aqedan nawarmoebi mimReoburi
formebi:
laz.
Áazma
||
laCaqi
mowkimeÁ `Sercxvenili~.
Sdr.
qarT.
143
mandilmoxdili
`Seuracxyofili~
(saxokia
1979,
371).
mTqmelebis
gadmocemiT, uTavsafro unamusos niSnavda. axla mgloviare Tavze rom ar
ifarebs,
sircxvilad
miiCneva.
am
idiomTan
dakavSirebulia
erTi
eTnografiuli wesi lazeTSi: Áazma || laCaqi mowkimu ― Tu vaJs qali
uyvarda da misi colad SerTva surda, gogos ki ar uyvarda da mSoblebi
ar atandnen, biWi malulad leCaqs moxdida. gogo biWisgan namusaxdili
da Seuracxyofili iyo, amitom biWs gogo colad unda waeyvana (Cveni
masala).
samegreloSi
ki
quds
xmarobda
mamakaci
Tavisi
sacolis
dasaniSnavad. Tu esa Tu is qali kacs TvalSi mouvidoda, sakmarisi iyo,
rom SeTvalierebuli qalisaTvis visime TandaswrebiT qudi esrola da
moexvedrebina,
rom
im
wuTidan
qali
qudis
msrolelis
daniSnulad
gamocxadebuliyo da saqmrosac sxva aravin Sescileboda mis Tavs. ix.
megr.
qudiS
faCua
(saxokia
1979,
691).
namusis
qarT.
leCaqis
axda
(qalisaTvis) `qalis mier namusze xelis aReba~. zedmiw. `qalis Tavidan
leCaqis moSoreba~. Sdr. namusis leCaqi agvexada. ojaxis siwmindeze
nacar-tuta dagveyara (ek. gabaSvili). rogorc qarTveli mamakacisaTvis
qudi (ix. namusis qudis axda), ise dedakacisaTvis leCaqi iTvleboda
simbolod namusianobisa, patiosnebisa, zneobrivi siwmindisa, kaiqalobisa,
yovelgvari
RirsebiT
Semkulobisa.
qarTvel
qals
saficrad
hqonda
Tavisi leCaqi, roca undoda qals eTqva ― zneobrivad faqizi var,
uyvedrelio,
ityoda:
Tu
namusis
qudi
mxuravs,
rasac
mogaxseneb,
sisworea, erTi bewo siyalbe ar ureviao (saxokia 1954, 61). qarT. Tavze
leCaqis axda || leCaqis moxda `Sercxvena, saxelis gatexa, Tavis moWra;
namusis axda (ityvian qalze)~ (oniani 1966, 73).
megr. qudiS faCua `qalis daniSvna qudis tyorcniT~ (qalis daniSvnis
mizniT vaJis mama an biZa jarobaze cekvisas quds esroda qals. Tu qalis
mSoblebi uars etyodnen, daajarimebdnen, qudi moxvda, ar gvataneno da
motacebas ecdebodnen. aqedanaa gamoTqma: qals qudi esrole da Tu ar
waiqca, gasaTxovrad momwifebulao)~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. qudiS ganSe gilarTumala || laz. papaxi &anda || elaqTe&& moTumu
`Tavmomwoneoba~. zedmiw. `qudis gverdulad daxurva~. laz. qibii koCi
giTumes
papaxi
&anda
||
elaqTe&&.
`Tavmomwone
kaci
ixuravs
quds
144
gverdulad~.
Sdr.
qarT.
qudis
daxurva
gverdzeda
`Tavmomwoneoba,
mxiarulad yofna, udardeloba (saxokia 1979, 694).
megr. qudi, laz. qudi || papaxi `qudi~:
megr. qudiSi gerTumala || papaxi geTumu `Rirsebis qona~. zedmiw. `qudis
daxurva~. megr. koCi Tina ‡ofe do qudi Tis genorTuenia `kaci is yofila
laz. koCiTi en do papaxiTi gჲ
ჲoTun `kacia da
da qudi mas hxurebia~.
qudic axuravs~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. qarT. kaci is aris da qudic imas
xuravs ìseTi adamiania, rom Rirsia qudis tarebisa, namdvili vaJkacia,
Rirseulia
yvelafriT~
(saxokia
1979,
219).
sainteresoa
am
idiomebis
Semcveli andazebi: megr. sodgia meuluni || meurquni, Teqiani qudi oko
girTveni ||
laz. so-na ida ჲeiSa, ekoni papaxi giTvaginon || qarT. sadac
waxval, iqauri qudi unda daixuro ìse unda moiqce, rogorc garemoebas
Seefereba.~ Sdr. megr. koCiSi qudi veg gorTunia àr iqcevi vaJkacurad~.
qarT. uqudod
siaruli `sasircxvilo, saZrax, saaugo
saqmis
Cadena~
(saxokia 1979, 636).
megr.
qudicalo
gadayola,
ekoWyvadua
damxoba,
Sewirva~.
`bolos
moReba~.
qudicalo
zedmiw.
`qudiviT
ekobWyvadudas!
`qudiviT
davmxobiliyavi!~. am idiomis gasaanalizeblad mniSvnelovania erTi wesCveuleba,
romelic
gavrcelebuli
iyo
saqarTveloSi:
rameze
ficis
micemis, an simarTlis danaxvebisaTvis icodnen qudis moxda da Zirs
damxoba da dataneba: ase damamxos RmerTma, Tu vtyuodeo. maSasadame,
igulisxmeboda, qudis Zirs dadebiT simarTles yvelasaTvis aSkarad
vxdio (saxokia 1979, 698). megr. qudi qudodvi (qˆˆdaxve) do samarTali
qoTqvia `sityvis kaci iyavi, aRiare, gamotydi, simarTle Tqvi~. Sdr. qarT.
qudi dasde da samarTali ise hqenio.
laz. papaxi Weჲ
ჲs gemiZin àm ojaxSi fesvebi maqvs gamdgari, es Weri
Cemia~. zedmiw. `qudi Werze midevs~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. qarT. qudis kvra
WerSi ùzomo mxiaruleba; ojaxSi fesvebis gadgma.~ qudi caSi (WerSi) da
tanisamosi
cecxlSi
gadadioda
`didi,
uzomo,
TavdaviwyebiTi
mxiaruleba~ (saxokia 1979, 695).
megr. caSa qudiS ‡oTama caSa Q|| laz. qudiSi caSa osTomilu || otkoCu
ùsazRvro sixaruli~. megr. caSa qu(‡)
‡)oTi
Cqimi qudi || laz. papaxi || qudi
‡)
145
caSa visToli `Zalian gavixare, vimxiarule~ (Cveni masala). || qudi caSa
&ebtkoCi (vaniliSi, Tandilava 1984, 158). Sdr. qarT. qudi caSi visrole
`Zalian gavixare.~
megr. qomons qudi qigiorTua (|| Sdr. qomons oWiSi gaCanua) `qmars
uerTgula, karg gzaze daayena~. Sdr. qarT. qmars qudi daxurao ― ityvian
qmris erTgul qalze (saxokia 1979, 698).
megr.
qomons
qudi
Seurcxvinua
`qmari
Searcxvina~.
zedmiw.
`qmars
saxeli Seurcxvina~. Sdr. qarT. qmars qudi mohxadao `Searcxvina, saxeli
gautexa, Tavi arsad gamoeyofa~. sainteresoa, rom Zvelad qarTvelebi
qudebs eklesiaSic ar moixdidnen. eklesiaSi uqudod dgoma qarTvelebma
daiwyes, albaT, XIX s.-is damdegidan (saxokia 1979, 698).
laz. qudiSi || qudi mowkimu || motkomilu `sircxvili, mwuxareba~.
zedmiw. `qudis moxsna~. oxorjaq koCis qudi qamowku `qalma kacs qudi
moxada (Searcxvina)~ (Cveni masala). oxorjaq eSi muTxani yu-qi, koCi muSis
qudi qamowku || qamotkoCu `qalma iseTi saqme Caidina, rom kacs qudi
moxada (Searcxvina)~ (Cveni masala).
megr. ca qudo mioCqˆˆnia do dixa CafˆˆlaTia || dixa kuCxis gilabunia
(`miwa fexze hkidiao~) _ qarT. ca qudad miaCnia da dedamiwa qalamnadao,
gadat. àravisi da arafris ar eSinia., ase hgonia, imaze Zlieri aravin
iyos qveyanazed~ (T. saxokia, qarTuli xatovani sityva-Tqmani, 1979, gv. 799).
e ciras xioliT ca qudi afun do dixa Cafula àm ciras sixaruliT ca
qudad aqvs da miwa qalamnad (fexsacmlad)~ (i. yifS., gv. 78) (qajaia III:
557).
megr. qudami do uqude || laz. qudoloni do Áazmaloni `kaci da qali~.
zemiw. `qudiani da uqudo~. laz. Áazmalonefe dido tes qudolonefeSen
`qalebi kacebze meti iyvnen~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. qarT. qudiani (|| qudosani
― winaT udrida mamakacs. dRes qudosani gviqvia imisaTvis, visac qudi
hxuravs. qudi gxuravs? e. i arc ki getyoba vaJkacoba, Sens qcevas
vaJkacobis garda yvelaferi daerqmiso (saxokia 1979, 692)) da uqudo
`yvela, qali da kaci~ (saxokia 1979, 690).
megr. lamusiSi || namusiSi qudi giorTu || qarT. namusis qudi hxuravso
`kargi, zneobrivi adamiania.~ amis antonimia Semdegi idiomi: megr. dus
146
lafiSi qudi giorTunia || qarT. Tavs lafis qudi xuravs `Sercxvenilia~ .
Sdr. qarT. Tavs lafis qudi hxuravso, Tavlafis dasxma (saxokia 1979,
698). am frazeologizmis warmoSoba unda veZeboT im ritualSi, romelic
sruldeboda adamianis dasjisas. mas erqva `lafis dasxma Tavze~. Tavze
sqlad darCenili lafi warmoadgenda erTgvar sarqvels Tavisas anu
lafis
quds.
Sdr.
qarT.
Tavze
lafis
dasxma
`galanZRva,
gawbilva,
sajarod Sercxvena, saqveynod Seuracxyofa; saaSkaraoze gamotana visime
saaugo
saqcielisa
da
uxamsobisa.
es
Tqma
Cveni
drois
iuridiuli
terminic gaxlavT: Zvelad adamians adaT-CveulebaTa kanonebis, zneobis
principebis dauvcelobisaTvis mTeli sofeli asamarTlebda. soflis
mier misja ama Tu im sasjelisa da am ganaCenis uapelaciod asruleba
xdeboda soflis mierve. sasjelis erTi saxe iyo damnaSavisaTvis Tavze
lafis anu talaxis dasxma. damnaSave qals Tu kacs gamoiyvandnen soflis
Sesakrebel adgilze. aq isxdnen soflis moxucebuli da Tavi kacebi,
romelTac samarTliani adamianebis saxeli hqondaT. mowme an mowmeni
sayovelTaod
daadasturebdnen
mosamarTleni
rom
Tanasoflelis
mier
dasasjelis
moismendnen
Cadenil
naTqvams,
saZrax
danaSauls.
soflis
Seafasebdnen
TavianTi
saqciels,
dagmobdnen,
cnobdnen
sasjelis Rirsad da ityodnen: Tavs lafi davasxaTo~! xalxi guguniT da
erTxmad
bans
miscemda:
davasxaT,
davasxaTo!
daiwyeboda
sasjelis
asrulebis procesi. damnaSave kacs quds moxdidnen, xolo Tu damnaSave
qali iyo ― mandils. qudisa da mandilis moxda rogorc erTisa, ise
meorisaTvis ukve Seadgenda did sasjels, romelic udrida TviT lafis
dasxmas. amis Semdeg yvela valdebuli iyo, mis Tavze lafi daesxa. Tu
wvimiani amindi ar iyo da lafi ar iSoveboda, xmeli miwa wyliT unda
aezilaT da talaxi ise daesxaT Tavze. Tu saxedari hyavdaT, damnaSaves
zed
Sesvamdnen
ukuRma,
xelSiac
kuds
daaWerinebdnen
da
sofelSi
kardakar aatar-Caatarebdnen, iqac yvela mourideblad asxamda Tavze
lafs.
aqedan
warmoiSva
sityva
Tavlafdasxmuli
anu
lafdasxmuli,
romelic niSnavs sajarod Sercxvenils, augians, zneobrivad binZurs.
lafis dasxma qarTl-kaxeTSi am saukunis dasawyisSi gadavarda. imereTSi
gacilebiT
adre
unda
iyos
gadavardnili.
samegreloSi
sityva
aris
darCenili, magram TviT sasjeli am 80 wlis winaT aravis agondeboda
147
(saxokia
1979,
220).
dadasturebuli
am
gamoTqma:
TvalsazrisiT
Tis
talaxi
sayuradReboa
||
tolofi
lazurSic
vagemofa
àr
Semarcxvino~, zedmiw. `Tavze talaxi ar damasxa~.
laz. qudiSi okodvalu `SeTanxmeba~. zedmiw. `qudebis erTad dadeba
(erTmaneTze
qudi
mideba)~.
okobdvaT
do
a&a
dulia
dopaT
`saqme
saidumlod gavakeToT~ (Cveni masala).
megr. qudiSi kˆˆno‡‡oTama `ramesTan, an vinmesTan kavSiris gawyveta~.
zedmiw. `qudis ukan mogdeba~.
megr. qudi `qudi~ || noCafulia `Zveli fexsacmeli~, laz. modvalu
`fexsacmeli~:
megr. ca qudo mioCqˆˆnia do dixa noCafuliaT
àravisi da arafris ar
eSinia.~ zedmiw. qarT. ca qudad miaCnia da dedamiwa qalamnadao. megrulSi
gvxvdeba seTi gamoTqmac: sqani noCafulia va voreq `Seni abuCad asagdebi,
gamosayenebeli, abuCad asagdebi ar var.~ zedmiw. `Seni fexsacmeli ar
var~.
am
mxriv
sainteresoa
lazurSi
dadasturebuli
modvalusTeÁ
qomogidume ` gaganadgureb, gagTelav~. zedmiw. `fexsacmeliviT Cagicvam~.
megr. baSlayi `yabalaxi~:
megr.
baSlayiS
gumaSqumala
`glova~.
zedmiw.
`yabalaxis
wveris
CamoSveba~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. nabadi `nabadi~:
saerTod,
saqarTveloSi
nabadi
ZvelTaganve
aucilebel
atributs
warmoadgenda adamianisaTvis. is vaJkacobisa da siZlieris simbolo iyo.
is gvxvdeba idiomebSi.
megr.
nabadiT
vare
rTvili
qi anava
àraferi
daimaleba~.
zedmiw.
`nabdiT araa gadaxuruli qveyanao~ (saxokia 1979, 254).
megr. nabadiSoro mikofinua `simravle (raRacis an viRacis)~. zedmiw.
`nabadiviT
mifena~.
nabadiSoro
mikofinudua
koCi
`nabadiviT
iyoo
mofenili xalxi~ (qajaia II, 2002).
megr. nabadiSoro mikoZˆˆdua kunTxus ùyuradRebod, usulo saganiviT
iyo migdebuli~. zedmiw. nabadiviT iyo miyudebuli kuTxeSi (Cveni masala).
megr. nabadiacalo miko‡‡oTama ùyuradRebod mitoveba~. zedmiw. `Zveli,
uvargisi nabadiviT migdeba~. nabadiacalo qimka‡‡oTua Cilˆˆ do squa || skua
148
àRar zrunavs col-Svilze (Zveli, uvargisi nabadiviT miagdoo colSvili)~.
megr. ma do Cqimi nabadia `mTeli Cemi SesaZleblobiT aqa var~. zedmiw.
`me da Cemi nabadio~.
megr. osare `perangi~:
megr.
osareS
miSnabad-i
`bednieri~.
zedmiw.
`perangiT
dabadebuli~
(qobalia 2010).
megr. o aleSi || o ale `sayelo~, laz. yaliSi || Áaqa :
megr.
o aleSis
alacima
`SimSilobis
wlebSi
sufridan
SinwasaReb
saWmels iparavdnen da sayelodan iyridnen ubeSi~. aqedan warmoiSva
gamoTqma:
o aleSis
alacima
`sayeloSi
micviva,
e.
i.
ugemurad,
naqurdaliviT vWam, damnaSaved vgrZnob Tavso~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. o aleSiS gosofua `sakinZis Camogleja~. glovis niSnad sakinZes,
perangis sayelos Camoglejdnen, guls gaiReRdnen dasamjiRad (qobalia
2010).
megr. o aleSiS elafarTxua || laz. yaliSi || ჲaqa ofaTxu `sayelos
amoferTxva~. avbediTobis Jams sufraze naparavs sayelodan, sakinZedan
iyridnen ubeSi, amitom sayelos amoferTxviT amtkicebdnen, naqurdali
ara maqvso. gadataniT niSnavs: am saqmeSi ubralo varo~ (qobalia 2010).
laz. man &a koCiSen yaliSi ||
daviferTxe~.
qarT.
sayelos
&aqa do&&faTxi `me im kacisgan sayelo
amobertyva
`risame
mocilebis
niSani,
borotsa da siaves ganrideba, udanaSaulod aRiareba Tavisa~ (saxokia
1979, 557).
megr. o‡‡aleSi || o‡‡ale
efSa mafu 1)B`bevri movaleoba makisria~.
zedmiw. `sayelo savse maqvs~.
megr. ortyafu, laz. otkafu || kaiSi `sartyeli~:
megr. ortyafu molafiri afu || ortyafu malu || m Tmal || laz. otkafu
qagosTveetu
Zvreboda~.
||
laz.
qageloleetu
eko
`moSiebuli
mSqironeri
tu-qia,
iyo~.
zedmiw.
otkafu
`sartyeli
qagosTveetu
||
qageloleetu ìseTi mSieri iyo, sartyeli Cavardnoda~ (Cveni masala).
Sdr. qarT. qamris dakargva. gadat. `Zalze moSieba (roca kaci didi xnis
149
uWmelia, muceli romelzedac qamari artyia, xerxemlisaken Seiwevs, ase
rom, misi qamari gauCinardeba, ikargvis)~ (saxokia 1979, 673).
megr. ortyafucalo qˆˆgoikarkatanq
|| qˆˆgoi‡‡oTanqˆˆ xeSa || laz. xes
kaÁSisTeÁ qogogikiaf `gaganadgureb, dagimorCileb.~ zedmiw. `qamariviT
dagixvev xelze~. laz. dido moRaRalaf-qi, xes kaÁSisTeÁ qogogikiaf
`bevrs rom malaparakeb, xelze sartyeliviT dagixvev~ (Cveni masala).
megr. pinti `WinWi~ || pilatoki `cxvirsaxoci~:
megr. pintiSi miokirali `mniSvnelovani, gasaTvaliswinebeli~. zedmiw.
WinWSi gamosakravi~. pintiSi miokirali sqani naragadi || qarT. WinWSi
gamosakravi misi naTqvami `Wkviani laparaki icis mavanma, misi naTqvami
unda daimaxsovros kacma cxovrebaSi saxelmZRvanelod~ (saxokia 1979, 891).
amave
mniSvnelobiT
naragadi
megrulSi
pilatok Sa
renia
ixmareba
miokirali
pilatok Sa
`Seni
miokirali.
naTqvami
sqani
cxvirsaxocSia
gasaxvevi, e. i. sayuradReboa~.
megr. Ziqva || Salvari || Saluari || SaÁvari `Sarvali~:
megr. Ziqvemef-i do kabamef-i `kacebi da qalebi~. zedmiw. `Sarvlianebi
da kabianebi~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. Ziqva molafir-i `gaRletili~ . zedmiw. `SarvalCaCaCuli; unifxvo
(qobalia 2010).
megr.
Ziqvamo
onTxoral-i
`SarvliT
dasamarxi
(wyevlis
formula,
sudara ar gRirsebodeso, sudara saSiSvlo iyo, xelmokle Wirisufali
mkvdars imiT marxavda, rac ecva, an Cacmuls odnav waafarebda sasudro
naWers)~ (qobalia 2010).
megr.
Ziqvas
||
Sarvals
eSe
ga/emgonwˆˆynqˆˆ
`saswauls
dagmarTeb,
SeuZlebels gagikeTeb~. zedmiw. `Sarvals zemodan, kabasaviT gagxdi~.
megr. jibe `jibe~ _ laz. jebe || jeb-i:
megr. jibe efSa || gokasili || laz. jebe ÁofSa || ntkabeÁ. `mdidari, bevri
fulis patroni~. zedmiw. `jibesavse, gatenili~. laz. xamfoni &en, jebe
&ofSa uRun karTa ndRas `mdidaria, jibe sul savse aqvs~ (Cveni masala).
Sdr. qarT. jibegatenili `mdidari, bevri fulis patroni~ (saxokia 1979,
952).
150
megr. jibeSi alaxunafa || laz. jebes doloxunu `motyueba, jobna~.
zedmiw.
`jibeSi
qodologixunaf
Casma~.
`jibeSi
jibeSa
megr.
Cagisvam~.
qalaixunuanq
Sdr.
qarT.
||
jibeSi
jebes
laz.
Casma
(visime)
`motyueba, gacrueba, jobna rame saqmeSi, upiratesoba WkuiT, SeZlebiT,
RoniT, codniT~ (saxokia 1979, 953).
megr. jibewkˆˆma ukarsaT voreqˆˆ ùfulod var, ver davixarjebi~. zedmiw.
`jibesTan
ukacravad
var~.
Sdr.
jibesTan
qarT.
ukacravad
yofna
`xelmokleoba, ufuloba~ (saxokia 1979, 952).
megr. jibeSa moqanCafa || laz. jebes xe nonkapu `fulis daxarjva,
gacema~. zedmiw. `jibeze xelis gakvra~. megr. aba jibeSa qimiqanCeva!
àba
jibeze gaikari xelio!~ laz. jebes xe qoninkapu, &azma qegoWofa&a, ma
&azma mu paminon, kokona gofTa minon `jibeze xeli gaikra, Tavsafars
giyidio, me Tavsafars ra vuyo, koxtad minda viaro (Cveni masala). Sdr.
qarT. jibes gaikar xelia! gadat. `fuli gaeci _ masesxe, an momeci~
(saxokia 1979, 952). Sdr. megr. Aariqa, jibeSa xeq vegertas! zedmiw. àriqa,
jibisken xeli ar gageqces!~ am sityvebiT SeiZleba adamiani siZunweSi
amxilon an, piriqiT, Seagulianon, an waaqezon sikeTis gasakeTeblad.
laz. jebe boSi `jibecarieli~. xegonTxime& koCis jebe biTTum boSi
uRun
`xelgaSlil
kompoziti:
kacs
jibecarieli
jibe
ìd~
yovelTvis
da
qarT.
carieli
jibes
aqvs~.
baraqa
Sdr.
ver
megr.
mohkida
`metismetad mxarjvelia, araferi ar gaaCnia~ (saxokia 1979, 952).
laz.
jebe
gamaxaeli
`Rataki~.
Sdr.
megr.
jibegorxvili
`jibegaxvretili~ da qarT. jibegaxvretili `Rataki; visac jibeSi fuli
ar uCerdeba~ (saxokia 1979, 952).
laz. jebe gamafaTxeÁ àrafris mqone~. zedmiw. `jibe gamoferTxili~.
umuTeli
&en,
jeba
gamafaTxe&&
gulun
ùarafroa,
jibegamoferTxili
(carieli) dadis~. Sdr. megr. jibefarTxili `jibe gamoferTxili~ (Cveni
masala).
megr. jibeSa Wuki afu alaRureli àraferi ar gaaCnia~. zedmiw. `jibeSi
Tagvi hyavs Camkvdari~. Sdr.A qarT. jibeSi Tagvebi uTamaSeben.
megr. jibeSi gokasua `bevri fulis Sovna, gamdidreba~. zedmiw. qarT.
jibis gatena (saxokia 1979, 312).
151
saanalizo
leqsikuri
erTeulebi
sainteresoa
enaTmecnieruli,
eTnografiuli, lingvokulturologiuri TvalsazrisiT. isini formobriv
da semantikur Sesatyvisebs avlenen qarTul saliteraturo enasa da
dialeqtebSi
dadasturebul
idiomebTan,
Tumca
zogjer
semantikuri
mniSvneloba gadaweulia.
daskvniTi debulebebi
1)
samoselTan
dakavSirebuli
leqsika
sakmao
sisruliT
aris
warmodgenili megrul-lazurSi. masala dajgufda semantikuri jgufebis
mixedviT da, Sesabamisad, gamoiyo sami Tavi. TiToeul qveTavSi gamoiyo
qveTavebi da paragrafebi. I Tavi – samoseli, Seicavs eqvs qveTavs: I
qveTavi
-
tanisamosi.
warmodgenili
rogorc
am
monakveTSi
megrulSi,
masala
aseve
sakmaod
lazurSi.
vrclad
mocemul
aris
qveTavSi
Sedis eqvsi paragrafi: $ 1. tanisamosis aRmniSvneli zogadi saxelebi; $ 2.
tanisamosis saxeobebi; $ 3. SigniTa samosi; $ 4. zeda samosi; $ 5. qveda
samosi; $ 6. mosasxami, mosacmeli.
II qveTavi - fexsamosi. is Seicavs or ZiriTad paragrafs: $ 1 fexsamosi
da $ 2. windebi. ganxiluli aris fexsamosis zogadi saxelwodebebi da
konkretuli saxeobebi.
III qveTavi – Tavsaburavi. masala aqac vrclad aris warmodgenili. is
Seicavs or ZiriTad paragrafs: $ 1. Tavsaburavis aRmniSvneli zogadi
terminebi
mocemul
da
$
2.
Tavsaburavis
paragrafebsac
gaaCnia
aRmniSvneli
qvejgufebi:
konkretuli
1-li
terminebi.
Tavsafari
da
misi
saxeobani da me-2 qudi da misi saxeebi.
IV qveTavi – samoslis nawilebi. is Sicavs or ZiriTad paragrafs: $ 1.
samoslis
nawilebi,
romelSic
ganxilulia:
tanisamosis,
fexsamosis,
Tavsaburavis nawilebi da $ 2. samoslis Sesakravebi; sartylebi. masala
aqac vrclad aris warmodgenili.
V
qveTavi
–
samoseli
formisa
da
ragvarobis
mixedviT.
masSi
ganxiluli aris forma samoslisa, kerZod, tanisamosisa, fexsamosisa,
Tavsaburavisa. masalidan gamomdinare, tanisamosi ZiriTadad iyo sruli,
152
grZeli.
garda
wyaroebSi
asaxuli
masalisa,
SeZlebisdagvarad,
Tanamedrove samoslis saxeobac aRiwera. suraTi sakmaod gansxvavebulia,
rogorc formis, aseve daniSnulebis mixedviTac.
VI qveTavi –samoslis masala. am qveTavSi aRwerili da gaanalizebuli
aris, Tu ra masala aris gamoyenebuli samoslis sawarmoeblad. aqac
monacemebi sakmaod vrcelia. samoslis sawarmoeblad masalad SeiZleba
gamoyenebuli iyos: Zafi, qsovili, tyavi, mcenare, matyli. aRniSnuli
masalis sxvadasxva saxeoba gamoiyofa.
II Tavi – samoslis `CacmasTan~ da `gaxdasTan~ dakavSirebuli sityvebi.
es
Tavi asaxavs tanisamosis, fexsamosis
Cacma-gaxdis, Tavsaburavis
daxurva-moxdis, samkaulebiT morTvis aRvniSvnel leqsikur erTeulebs.
masalis
analizisas
gaTvaliswinebulia
Cacmis
niuansebi
–
zogadad,
Cacma, morgeba, Cazomeba, moxdeniloba. Cacmis manera damokidebuli aris
samoslis
formaze,
xarisxze.
am
TvalsazrisiT,
mocemul
jgufSi
Semavali saxelebi metad sainteresoa.
III
Tavi
_
samoselTan
frazeologizmebSi.
dakavSirebuli
samoselTan
leqsika
dakavSirebuli
megrul-lazur
leqsika
gamovlenili
aris frazeologizmebSi. samosels adamianis cxovrebaSi gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba eniWeboda odiTganve. is adamianis Sinagani mdgomareobis,
eris
sulieri
da
materialuri
kulturuli
yofis,
Semecnebisa
da
azrovnebis gamoxatulebas warmoadgenda.
es yofa kargad aris asaxuli
frazeologizmebSi.
am
sayrden
sityvebad
mimarTulebiT
gamovyaviT
megrul-lazuri leqsikuri erTeulebi. mag.: megr. kaba – laz. forka; megr.
o aleSi `sayelo~ - laz. yaliSi (id.) da a. S.
2) masalis struqturuli analizis Sedegad gamovlinda martivi da
rTuli sityvebi. gvaqvs erT-, or-komponentiani sityvebi, Sesityvebebi.
mawarmoeblebis
TvalsazrisiT,
gamoiyofa:
sakuTriv
megrul-lazuri,
qarTuli da nasesxebi afiqsebi; nanaTesaobiTari saxelebi.: megr. barWo-Si
(nabdis saxeobaa. zedmiw. `nabdisa~). doloqunu-Si `tansacmeli~ zedmiw.
`tansacmlisa~;
3) masalaSi gamovlinda: sinonimebi, myari Sesityvebebi, evfemizmebi,
gadataniTi mniSvnelobis sityvebi;
153
4)
gamovlinda
erTeulebi,
romlebic
saliteraturo
qarTulis
meSveobiT aris damkvidrebuli megrul-lazurSi;
5)
gamoiyofa
dasturdeba
da,
erTeulebi,
meore
mxriv.
romlebic,
erTi
megrul-lazuri
mxriv,
enobrivi
dialeqtebSi
masala
aris
warmodgenili dialeqtebSi;
6) gamovlinda saerToqarTveluri fuZeebi (qarT. mos- (mos-va : megr.
mors- || mos- (mors-ua || mos-ua) laz. mos- (mos-vei) `Cacmuli, gamowyobili~;
qarT. bab-l-i `sabanze Sekerili samkuTxa saxe~: laz. bob-i `sacvlis ube~)
da ucxo warmomavlobis sityvebi. dasturdeba sparsulidan, arabulidan,
berZnulidan, rusulidan, Turqulidan, osuridan Semosuli sityvebi. zog
SemTxvevaSi sxva enobriv monacemebTan mimarTebaa gamoxatuli. bevria
lazurSi
Turqulis
gziT
SeTvisebuli
leqsika.
samoselTan
dakavSirebuli axali terminebi SeTvisebulia qarTuli saliteraturo
enidan an rusulidan;
7) gamovlinda sityvebi, romlebic: 1) uSualod gamoxataven sakvlev
erTeulTa Zireul semantikas; 2) sityvebi, romelTac udasturdebaT sxva
amosavali mniSvnelobebi, magram am jgufebSic Semodis sakvlevi obieqtis
aRwerilobis gamosaxatavad an garkveuli
niuansis ufro zustad Tu
zedmiwevniT gadmosacemad da iZens terminis funqcias;
8) warmodgenil sxvadasxva jgufSi Semavali leqsikuri erTeulebi
zogjer semantikurad kveTen erTmaneTs;
9) gamoiyofa nazmnari da nasaxelari sityvebi;
10) samoslis Cacmisa da gaxdis semantikur jgufSi gamoiyofa iseTi
saxelebi, romelTac sawyisi an piriani formebi ar ewarmoebaT;
11)
samoslis
ferebSi
Warbobs:
TeTri,
Talxi,
iisferi,
wiTeli,
samgloviaro ferad – Savi;
12) samoslis forma mniSvnelovani aris eTnografiuli TvalsazrisiT.çç
154
damowmebuli literatura
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gaanalizebul fuZeTa indeqsi
megruli
a
bandaJi 22
abJandi 68
bandi 78
abJo 22
bandili 41
abJu 22
banti 78
aziacki 40
bargi 6
azRoti 68
bargobua 6
aTa unafali 21, 68
bartyi 69
aknamosa 94
barWo 34
anafara 34
barWoSi 34
anafora 34
barWoS nabadi 34
aJurni TaTmani 53
basanoCka 41
aramcelia 56
batinka 41
areSumi 94
baSlayvi 64
afxazur-i Sarvali 32
baSlayu 64
awakirali 68
baSlay 64
awarTumalari 54
baSmakefi 41
awaforali 68
baSჲa u 64
axaluxi 28
baCuCi 41
axaÁuxi 28
baCxaCxia 41
bedani 69
b
belio 22
baikarti 69
bereti 65
balaRi 41
berwkinte 42
baletka 41
betki 70
165
beWedi 82
g
biwkantia 41
gagurkla 56
bilio 22
gagurjela 56
biniSi 34
gagurj la 56
birdu-bardu 10
gadiduli 10
biwkali 41
galeiani mukaqunali 34
biwki 41
galeni ginaqunali 34
bluza 28
galeni mukaqunali 34
boa 70
galife Sarvali 32
boti 42
gamaSi 52
boRazi 76
gamorsali 8
boworia 64
gargueba 58
bowowami qudi 64
gargunjela 56
bowowiS-i qudi 64
gargunjia 56
boxoxi 63
gargunjua 56
boxoxia 63
gargujela 56
boxoxi qudi 63
garozi 34
brezrazmeraSi TaTmani 53
gaurjela 56
bua 70
gaforafali 35
bugi 42
gaqunali 35
buTa 104
gaxvaxvali 54
burua 118
gebiZgafa 118
burTuli Cafla 40
gezimafa 118
buxariSi qudi 64
genwkilua 120
gerTumala
118
getatafa 121
getri 52
166
gvabana 35
dudiSi giotatafali 55
gvegveria niCvami Cafla 51
dudiSi gioxuafali 55
gvigvali niCvami Cafla 51
dudiS-i gio oTamali 55
gimeiani 31
dudiS-i ki/k nakirali 55
gimeiani kaba 31
ginaqunali 34
ginoqvenji 8, 35
ginoqvinji 35
giorTumalari 54
giotatafali 55
gioqunali 55
e
eiobinali 70
elamorsa 56
elamosa 10
elastiki 52
emaxuWi 78
godg mili TaTmani 53
espadreli 42
gogra 94
eSeiani 27
gojvanjua 106
gurgini 65
v
vala 61
d
valniki 42
dabali kiserami jempri 30
varadniki 70
daraia 56
varandiki 70
daqunali 7
vitiaSka 42
dvala 37
z
dinaxle milaqunali 21
zmeika 78
dinaxleni bargi 21
zorti 79
dinoxleni bargi 21
doforua 107
dudiSi gaxvaxvali 54
dudiSi giorTumalari 54
167
T
kaniS Cafula 40
TavSali 56
kanti 77
TaT{i}mani 52
kanCafila 40
TaT mani 52
kanCafla 40
Tirua 23
kanCafula 40
Tudoni aTaqunali 21
kapuWi 35
Txiami 42
karTe 70
Txilamuri 42
kasinka 57
kastumi 28
i
kaSni 61
inarCafali 76
kepka 65
iubka 31
ketefi 42
iuka 31
kie 70
kieami 70
k
kile 70
kaba 10
kileami 70
kabami 10
ki/k nakirali 55
kakam Cafla 40
kinki 70
kakila 82
kirua 55
kakula 56, 57
kiserami jempri 30
kakulari 57
kiseriSi giTadvalari 61
kakuli 57
kiseriSi g Tadvalari 61
kalatozi 42
kiseriSi giTakirali 61
kaloSki 42
kiseriSi g Takirali 61
kanTari 25
kitei 29
kaniS Cafla 40
kiteli 29
168
kifiS osare 24
l
koTxunji 43
labartyia qurami Caf la 52
kondra 51
laguji 12
konki 70
lakolka 57
konwolam qudi 64
lanCa 43
koroxiSi kaba 12
larCemi 43
kowoli 77
larCimi 43
koWilulu 35
lasti 43
koxunji 43
lastefi 43
kraveliS qudi 64
kruJaoami qica 59
kudei 70
kudeli 70
kunta TaTmani 42, 53
kurTa 22, 23
kurTa kirkintami 22
kurTa kunta 22
kurTa ofaxvalaia 22
kurTa paWanakami 22
kurTa upaWanako 22
lafarTia Caf la 52
leniSi 23
leqeCi 57
leCeqi 57
libadi 35
lifi 23
lifu 23
lobidani 12
liba 70
luba 70
l ba 70
kurTa xuWili 22
kuCxiSi TaTmani 52
kuCxiSi madvalari 38
kuCxCafulami 39
kuCx modvali 38
kuCx modvalu/ 38
m
magu 43
maguia 43
magunia 43
madvalari 37
169
madilosani 60
moJvilua 130
mad losani 60
morsua || mosua 113
maTirali 23
mortyafa 131
maika 23
mosasxan 35
manja 70
motatafa 43
marwkindi 83
mofirfiCua 133
maska 57
mukaqvenji 7
matatia 43
mukaqunali 7
matatafali 43
mukozimafa 109
mafori 34
mukonwkilua 110
maqunali 34
mukonwy ma 128
maSaia 43
mukoJvilua 128
maSi 43
mukorRvafa 128
maSia 43
mukoqunali 7
maCarxafali 44
mukoZvaZvafa 112
mesTi 44
mukoWonWua 111
mesti 44
m kaqunali 7
meSi 40
meSini 40
n
meSiSi Cafla 40
nabadi 35
mikaqvenji 7
nabadiaSi qudi 64
milaqunali 21
nabadami 35
mila unafali 21
naTi 70
moTiru 23
narCakuCxi 76
montyori 104
naski 53
montyoriSi qudi 64
naCa 76
170
noqicia 58
orSvalefi 44
noRarSia 47
orCofexi 45
noCeqmia 47
osare 23
noCxarkia 48
osare baba iSi 24
osare baiburiSi 24
o
osare gadiduliS 24
obawkaia 44
osare do kurTa 24
obinali 71
osare do muSi amxanagi 24
oboxua 44
oboxuaS gerina 44
oburali 55
ozgilitaia 40
ozgilitaia Cafla 40
oTxkunTxuri qica 59
osare uo aleSe 24
oserafalo 24
osare fsuSi 2
osare Carqami 24
osare jamfeziSi 24
osaria 24
oTxkunTxuri qurami Caf la 52
oqaqalaia kaba 87
olari 71
oyoraia kaba 89
olafarTe 59
oCokuCxi 45
oma/oTirali 23
oCxanie qudi 65
omaTire 23
omorguale 58
o ale 71
o aleSi 71
omorgualo qica 58
omorsali 8
omosali 8
orgaSe 58
orgaSe qica 58
ortafi 36
p
palto 12
paWanaki 76
paWiWi 45
piJamo 25
ortafi-SarSafi 36
171
piji 71
salabo qica 59
plaSi 12
salafarTo 59
samge 45
J
samorgualo qica 58
Jaketi 12
saroCka 29
Jidoiani 27
sarRio 71
Jidoiani mikaqunali 27
sarCuli 71
Jidoni 27
safulaqo 71
satina 95
r
saqilo 72
ranti 45
saRamuri 24
rguala 58
saRamuri osare 24
reituzi 25
saCxanio qudi 65
rkinaSi osare 23
sacveTi 45
rubaSka 29
sajinje 77
rubaSqa 29
sumkunTxuri qica 58
ruSqo 71
suS osare 24
rRia 71
rSvil-osare 24
t
talavari 8
s
talma 29
sabo 45
tanisamosi 8
saboia 45
tan(i) do kuCx-i 8
sagulo 25
tanmikoqvenji 7
sagurguno 58
tan-mukoqvenji 7
sakidiro 13
tatabia 46
sak d ro 13
tatuci 65
172
tetiaSi qudi 64
q
toloma 36
qalamani 46
tol ma 36
qeCa 36
tufl-basanoCka 46
qila 72
tufli 46
qica 58
tyebi 101
qosala 46
qoSi 46
u
quba 72
uba 70
qudi 63
uquro Caf la 52
uCanabadami 35
uCaRarTami 13
uSanka qudi 64
qulaja 13
quni 36
quni do RarTi 14
qunCa 36
qunCari 36
f
farTxvaia qudi 64
fata 58
fafanaki 13
qunCi 36
qurami madvalari 52
qurami Cafla 52
qurqi 13
fayu 65
q nzi 29
faCuCi 46
q nCi 29
forCa 29
q nC 29
fostali 46
fota 71
R
foCvam-i qica 58
Razi 59
foCiSi 46
RarTa 13
foCoCam-i qica 58
RarTami 13
173
RarTa-RarTa 13
Sliapa 65
RarTi 13
Slopancef/bi 47
RarTi do kaba 14
Sonuri qudi 64
RarTi do nabadi 14
Suzefi 47
RarTi do Ziqva 14
Suzi 47
RarTiS kare 14
Sumuxi 53
RarSia 47
SqverTi 80
RaSia 47
Sxu qurami Caf la 52
y
C
yabalaxi 65
Cakaboxu 47
yanTari 25
Caraqa 26
yaraozi 59
Careqam osare 25, 26
yayabi 47
Carqam osare 26
yayafi 47
Careqi 26
yruJaoami qica 59
Carqi 72
yurJaoami qica 59
CarxiaA44
Cafia 39
S
Cafila 39
Salvari 31
Cafla 39
Sali 60
Cafla SxuriSi 40
Saluari 31
Cafla Wabruli 40
Sarfi 60
Cafla xuWili 40
SarSabi 59
Cafula 39
Sa&vari 31
Caf la 39
Semuxi 53
Caqi 72
Sineli 14
174
Ceqma 47
w
CeSi 26
waRa 48
Cixtikopi asali 56
weli 73
Coxa 14
wvandami Caf la 51
CoxaSi 14
Custi 47
CxanaSi qudi 65
Cxaputia 48
Cxarki 48
CxviCxvi 73
CxiCxveli qica 60
c
carcki 48
caxorci 59
caxoci 59
cibliki 48
wkventami Caf la 51
wkventuri caxoci 58
wveturi caxoci 58
wuRa 48
wuRazi 48
wuRaziS Cafla 48
wuRa-mesti 48
W
Wapu 80
WiliSi qudi 64
Wife qurami Caf la 52
Wyvintiani yabalaxi 66
cilindri 65
x
Z
ZafeZia 66
Zewkvi 83
Zia 83
Ziqva 32
Z qva 32
xabarda 26
xabardami 12
xalaTi 15
xarTa 80
xeforCa 73
xeSi TaTmani 15
xeS TaTmani 15
175
xvanjari 81
jigania 15
xuafa 55
jorabi 49
xurxami jempri 30
jurabi 49
jRarki 49
j
jempri 30
jibe 73
oTama 55
176
lazuri
a
g
avji CeqeTi 18
galiфe 33
az&atski 49
gebumu 134
akleTi 16
gebunafale 84
akleti 16
gekarTu 117
alwa 52
geJaqunuSi 27
anTeri 30
gerCafule 74
anTeroni 30
gewkimu 131
anTeÁ 30
gejaluRi 19
atketi 16
gejeluRi 19
axomi 52
gejenluRi 19
aÁazma 63
godvaloni 84
gokiru 122
b
golabRafa 132
baSlu 66
goTvalu 55
baSluRi 66
gokidu 134
baSmayani 49
golфi 33
bluza 30
gonZiqu 117
bobi 74
gorCalu 74
bobRi 74
gorCu 117
borCxali 49
gotkafu 81
boxoxi 66
gotkimale 32
boxCa 66
gotkimu 32
burza 30
goSadvalu 132
177
goCablu 90
v
gowaki(r)u 74
vala 49
gowakorale 74
valinki 49
goÁonqunaSe 27
gur-piji 74
z
zipa 81
d
dada-kaka 84
zipka 32
zupina 16
dirili 98
dolodrawu 118
doloqunale 8
doloquni 8
doloqunu 8, 117
doloxe doloqunuSi 21
doloxeni 21
T
Tabla 61
TavSali 61
TaTmani 19
Taqia 66
doloxeni gejeluRi 26
Teliki 74
doni 26
Telikefe 74
dorki 90
Texeli 49
duaRi 61
TiTxu wineki 53
duvaRi 61
Ti moJakiuSi 61
duzi Sarvali 33
Tis golakiuSi 61
TiSi g&oTumale 55
e
elbise 16
eTvafa 122
eJaqunuSi 27
Tis eJoTvalu 55
Tis eÁoTvala 55
TozloRani 53
Toka 81
eSkaqunaSe 26
eÁonqunaSe 27
Txelamure 49
Txilamure 51
178
i
kiteli 31
iJdoni 26
konki 75
iubka 32
kofta 31
iSdoni 26
kowankoru 74
iSToni 26
kowoTvala 74
kowoTvalu 74
k
kabalaxuntka 36
kavuxi 66
kazi 61
kaTandReri doloquna 8
kalambi 74
kalafaRi 66
kalive 33
kalife 33
kaloSi 49
kaloS-foTini 49
kalfaRi 66
ko ta 31
ko Ta 31
kukula 66
kule 33
kule SarvaÁ 33
kurTa 22, 26
kurTaste 26
kuCxe meSaCu 127
kuCxeSi modvalu/i 38
kuCxeSi modvaluSi 38
kuCxeSi motkuSi 53
kuCxi 75
kapoti 16
kapWini 50, 53
kasTumi 30
kasinka 57
katiri 50
kauxa 66
kiki 36
l
labada 16, 36
laTinka 81
lastiki 50
lastiRi 50
libadi 16, 36
kikili 16
kirki 36
179
m
moTumale 62
mandili 61
moTumuSi 62
manTo 17
moni 84
mawkindi 84
montkori 104
mbela 75
monqTuru 26, 129
mgaaSi moTvaluSi 62
moJaqunuSi 27
mendikoni 75
mos- 114
mendili 62
mosTimu 129
meJakiu 123
motkale 82
mesTi 50
moqTiruSi 23
mesti 50
moqunu 17
meSamalu 127
moqunuSi 27
meSaqunu 21, 26
moZin 134
meSaqunuSi 21
mowifxu 118
meSkanqunu 26
mowkimu 129
mecigu 134
mowyvinu 118
midi 50
mJoraSi qudi 67
milaxiSe 21
mJuaSi qudi 67
mindali 84
muJvokirale 62
mkule 33
mSali 62
mkule SarvaÁ 33
mCoxa 18
modvalu 38
modvaluSi 38
n
modvaluSi nena 77
nalini 50
modvaluSi Cxvindi 77
nalConi 50
moTvalu 55, 62
naski 53
moTvaluSi 55, 62
180
o
seÁ doloqunuSi 19
oba 75
sulei 103
okonaru 133
ombriSumi 100
t
omuzluRi 75
tkebi 101
oqTuru 26
topWa 86
owkimu 133
torvela 33
toti mkule 18
p
palto 17
u
papaxi 67
uba 75
papuwi 50
uruba 8
pintola 75
uZiru 50
piJama 17, 25
piSTimale 75
f
podia 75
falasqa 75
falTo 17
r
falTu 17
ruza 30
faloTefe 75
falto 17
s
fata 62
saroCka 31
fafaRi 67
safoRi 50
fafaxi 67
safoxi 50
ferde 62
semsiferi 67
feSi 75
serdoloqunali 19
feCe 62
serdoloqunuSi 19
foTeÁ 67
181
foTini 50
qConi 19
foTini kaloSi 49
qÁurqi 18
fonToloni 33
fonTuli 33
R
fontuli 33
Ralajiji 76
forka 17
forCa 17, 31
y
forCasTe 31
yali 75
fosTali 51
yaliSi 75
fostali 51
yujiSi 85
q
S
qalaman 51
Savali 32
qalman 51
Savka 67
qaCula 67
SaTxi 62
qelmani 51
Salvari 32
qena 75
Sapka 67
qontra 51
Saraxi 32
qudi 66
Sarvali 32
qudiSi kukuti 78
SarvaÁ 32
qui 77
Safka 67
quoloni modvalu 52
Sarфi 62
quri 77
Saфka 67
quroni 52
Sibi 33, 82
qurqi 18
Sibiloni Salvari 33
qCeoni 19
Ska 75
qCe-forConi 19
Subara 67
182
Sqa 75
Z
SqaS Jin doloqunu 27
Zikva 32
Skawale 18
Ziminji 82
ZinZola 91
C
Ziqva 32
Cabla 39
Ziqva-axaluxi 33
Cadri 62
Ziфa 32
Carketi 18
CarkeCi 18
w
CarCab 63
wangi 51
Castara 51
wikva 32
Cafla 39
windeqi 54
Cafula 39, 49
wineki 54
Cepqeni 37
wineqi 54
CeqeTi 18
wuRa 48, 51
Cize 51
wuRazi 51
Cizme 51
CiTi 101
W
Coni 19
Wak-Wirina 33
Coxa 18
Wefri 103
Coxa-Ziqva 18
Wilobi 67
c
x
cilindri 67
xaTaTmani 19
xalaTi 18
xamaili 82
xanjula 62
183
xasa 62
hijabi 63
xase 62
xasiri 67
Á
xe 76
Áazma 63
xegamalu 129
ÁaluRi 63
xeoni 76
ÁamCi 36
xedeki 51
ÁamWi 36
xediki 51
Áaqa 75
xe-TaTi 19
ÁaRluRi
xelajiji 76
ÁeleRi 26
xenWali 76
xerTeSi 18
xeforCa 76
xeS-TaTi 19
xeSi TaTmani 19
anela 31
ata 62
фesi 67
xika 18
xirka 18
xCeoni 19
oga 17
ogina 17
oka 17
j
orka 17
jan- фesi 67
orkaSi uji 76
jebe 75
oteri 67
jibi 75
jeqeTi 18
raki 17
tili 75
jubbe 37
h
hilanjuRi 85
184
sarCevi
Sesavali________________________________________________________ 2
Tavi I. samoseli _________________________________________________ 5
I qveTavi. tanisamosi _____________________________________________ 5
$ 1. tanisamosis aRmniSvneli zogadi saxelebi ______________________ 5
$ 2. tanisamosis saxeobebi_________________________________________ 9
$ 3. SigniTa samosi_______________________________________________ 21
$ 4. zeda samosi ________________________________________________ 27
$ 5. qveda samosi ________________________________________________ 31
$ 6. mosasxami, mosacmeli ________________________________________ 33
II qveTavi. fexsamosi ____________________________________________ 37
$ 1. fexsamosi___________________________________________________ 37
III qveTavi. Tavsaburavi___________________________________________ 54
$ 1. Tavsaburavis aRmniSvneli zogadi terminebi_____________________ 54
$ 2. Tavsaburavis aRmniSvneli konkretuli terminebi________________ 55
IV qveTavi. samoslis nawilebi____________________________________ 68
$ 1. samoslis nawilebi __________________________________________ 68
$ 2. samoslis Sesakravebi; sartylebi______________________________ 78
$ 3. samkaulebi _________________________________________________ 83
$ 4. samoslis mosarTavebi _______________________________________ 85
V qveTavi. samoseli formisa da ragvarobis mixedviT________________ 87
VI qveTavi. samoslis masala______________________________________ 92
Tavi II. samoslis CacmasTan da gaxdasTan dakavSirebuli sityvebi____ 106
Tavi III. samoselTan dakavSirebuli leqsika megrul-lazur frazeologizmebSi_______________________________________________________ 137
daskvniTi debulebebi______________________________________-_____ 152
damowmebuli literatura _______________________________________ 155
gaanalizebul fuZeTa indeqsi (megruli) _________________________
165
gaanalizebul fuZeTa indeqsi (lazuri) __________________________ 177
185

Eter Shengelia _ Disertacia-2014

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