WNE Panel dismantling and waste management

Transcription

PANEL DISCUSSION
Your company logo
here or a picture
Dismantling and Waste
Management
Hosted by Pierre-Marie ABADIE, former Director of Energy at the Ministry and coming Chief
Executive Officer, Andra (French national radioactive waste management Agency)
Speakers:
Pierre-Marie ABADIE, Coming CEO, ANDRA
Sylvain GRANGER, Senior Vice-President Generation, Head of Nuclear Fuel Division, EDF
Jean-Michel ROMARY, Vice-President, Radioactive Materials and Waste Management Division,
AREVA
Denis Gasquet, President of the Executive Board, ONET Group
Andrzej CHWAS, Head of Unit at the Nuclear Energy Department (Ministry for Economy, Poland)
Jean-Paul Minon, President of the Radioactive Waste Management Committee of the Nuclear
Energy Agency (OECD)
OCTOBER 14-16, 2014
PARIS LE BOURGET – FRANCE
1
PANEL DISCUSSION
Thank you to switch off
your mobile phones
OCTOBER 14-16, 2014
PARIS LE BOURGET – FRANCE
2
PANEL DISCUSSION
OCT. 14-16, 2014
PARIS LE BOURGET
FRANCE
Dismantling and Waste Management
Pierre-Marie ABADIE, coming Chief Executive
Officer, Andra (French national radioactive waste
management Agency)
INVENTORY AND PLANNING
WNE 2014
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The National Inventory and the National
Management Plan
Two essential and complementary instruments for
a clear, rigorous, safe and consistent management
of all radioactive materials and waste
The National Inventory
(IN)
Then IN relies on the results
of PNGMDR actions
PNGMDR working group
monitors the progresses
of the various prescribed
actions
IN identifies all stocks of
radioactive materials and waste
and provides forecasts
The National
Management Plan
(PNGMDR)
IN feeds
PNGMDR implements final
solutions for all types of
waste through agreed
actions – Issued by Decree
4
National Inventory objectives
• To inform in a transparent way:
• On the current situation (snap-shot)
• With forecast considering various scenarios
• Help anticipating management solutions and
contribution to energy policy choices
5
2012 issue of the National Inventory
Existing inventory (end 2010) and forecast
6
Waste volume (m 3)
Waste at
end-2010
Forecast
end-2020
Forecast
end-2030
HLW
2,700
4,000
5,400
ILW-LL
41,000
45,000
49,000
LLW-LL
87,000
89,000
133,000
LILW-SL
830,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
VLLW
360,000
750,000
1,300,000
Total
~1,320,000
~1,900,000
~2,700,000
The French National Plan for Management
of Radioactive Materials and Waste
(PNGMDR)
• Prescribed in the 28 June 2006 Planning Act concerning the
management of radioactive materials and waste
• Updated every 3 years
• Major tool for the management of materials and waste, ensuring
the inclusion of robust and adaptable scenarios
• Developed and maintained within a pluralistic working group
• Transmitted to Parliament and assessed by the Parliamentary
Office for the Evaluation of Scientific and Technological Options
• Promulgated by a decree prescribing the actions to be
performed
7
Major outcomes of the 2013-2015 Plan
• Steps taken for managing high-level wastes
•
The Cigéo geological disposal, Public Debate, Licence application
•
Storage capacities review, considering the delivery sequences at
the geological repository
• Management scenarios for low-level long-lived waste
•
Sorting, processing of graphite and of bituminized wastes
•
Siting
• Global schemes in order to optimize RWM
•
Improving sorting, characterization, processing
•
Recycling and saving resources
•
Anticipating more construction of new facilities
EDRAM - M ay 2014 DINT/14-0081
Disposal facilities in France
DINT/13-0205
9
The Cigéo Project
10
Conclusion
• Existing industrial solutions for 90% (by volume) of the
radioactive waste produced each year in France (LILW,
VLLW)
• Implementing long-term management solutions for HLW,
ILW-LL and LL-LL
• Checking in parallel, the adequacy of storage capacity
with the projected inventories and the availability of
disposal facilities
• Studies are conducted to identify further management
options
11
Thank you and your questions are welcome
A few useful links:
Link to Andra National Inventory (English version):
http://www.andra.fr/
Link to Energy and Climate Directorate (website of the Ministry for Ecology, Sustainable
Development and Energy):
http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/-Energie-Air-et-Climat-.html
Link to the National Plan for the management of radioactive materials and waste (English
version on ASN website):
http://www.french-nuclear-safety.fr/
12
PANEL DISCUSSION
OCT. 14-16, 2014
PARIS LE BOURGET
FRANCE
Sylvain Granger, Senior Vice-President Generation,
Head of Nuclear Fuel Division, EDF
DISMANTLING AND WASTE
MANAGEMENT : EDF'S EXPERIENCE IN
FRANCE
WNE 2014
13
EDF, NUCLEAR WORLD LEADER
> 487 TWh generated by nuclear in 2013
France :
58 PWR* reactors on 19 sites
UK :
14 AGR reactors**, 1 PWR* on 8 sites
Tomorrow EPRs
3 EPRs under construction : 1 in France : Flamanville
2 in China : Taishan (EDF 30%)
Project in the UK : 2 reactors at Hinkley Point
* Pressurized Water Reactor
** Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor
(graphite moderated)
Dismantling and radioactive waste management : EDF’s experience in France – WNE October 15th, 2014 | 14
PANEL DISCUSSION
OCT. 14-16, 2014
PARIS LE BOURGET
FRANCE
Jean-Michel ROMARY, Vice-President, Radioactive
Materials and Waste Management Division, AREVA
SOLUTIONS FOR PROCESSING ALL TYPES
OF WASTE AND DISMANTLING LARGE
AND COMPLEX FACILITIES
WNE 2014
15
Ensuring Consistency
in Waste Management Solutions
Materials
Electricity
Nuclear Power
Plants
Fuel Cycle
Facilities
Waste
Final Disposal
Facilities
AREVA - Solutions for Processing all Types of Waste & Dismantling Large and Complex Facilities ̶ October 14-16, 2014 ̶ p.16
Used Fuel Recycling
at the Heart of the French Nuclear Program
÷5
÷ 10
Volume
Radiotoxicity
Standardization
No fissile materials in final waste
Utilities
Waste
disposal
Waste
storage
Universal
canister
96% recyclable material
4% non-recyclable material
Recycled
fuel
Used fuel
AREVA La Hague
Melox, Romans
The «Universal Canister Strategy»
m3/MTU
2
1.5
1
0.5
Direct
Disposal
0
Universal
Canister
Strategy
RECYCLING + UNIVERSAL CANISTER STRATEGY = DRASTIC WASTE VOLUME REDUCTION
Capitalizing on the Decommissioning
& Dismantling of French Sites,
and notably AREVA Facilities
+200 historical sites
Miramas site
Mining
La Hague
UP2-400 plant
Cadarache Site
Recycling
Conversion
NUCLEAR
CYCLE
Georges Besse I
Enrichment
+ Logistics
Reactors
Superphénix
Fuel
SICN plants
La Hague UP2 – 400:
First Dismantling Project
of a Civil Used Fuel Recycling Unit
Description
La Hague
A massive Decommissioning & Dismantling
program to manage diverse, complex issues
(waste retrieval, ponds, silos, concrete buildings,
process equipment… in high Rad environment).
The key facts
A huge program combining waste retrieval
and Decommissioning & Dismantling
€4Bn of planned expenditures for a project set
to last over 25 years
More than 500 staff at peak
50,000 m3 of waste to evacuate
6,000,000 working hours
A Broad Range of Processes
for Waste Conditioning
Examples from the La Hague Plant
Vitrification
Centralized
Waste
processing Unit
Decontamination
Compaction
Solid waste
Sorting
Recycling
Cementation
Effluent
Decontamination
Filtration
Recycling
Resin
Cementation
Leveraging Decommissioning
& Dismantling Competencies
in Complex Projects Across The World
USA
Hanford
Belgium
Canada
Italy
Russia
UK
Sellafield
France
La Hague,
Annecy,
Veurey, Marcoule,
Cadarache,
Miramas,
GB1
Germany
Stade,
Würgassen,
Karlstein,
Hanau
Japan
Fukushima
Spain
Sweden
Ukraine
Main sites
Other projects (examples)
Meeting Safety, Technological,
Operational and Cost Challenges
+++
Key Competitiveness Drivers
Strong
Medium
Technical/
Project mgmt.
Cost
Nuclear
capability
Waste
mgmt.
Engineering
companies
++
++
++
+
Construction
companies
++
+++
+
+
Industrial
services
+
+++
+
++
Nuclear
owners/
operators
++
++
+++
+++
++
+
Low
Ensuring Nuclear Energy Sustainability
Moving forward with the implementation
of waste solutions is crucial to sustaining
nuclear programs
Recycling is:
key to optimizing the overall waste solution
a lever for designing & implementing solutions
for all types of waste
Carrying out Decommissioning & Dismantling
projects safely and efficiently is part of the
global solution
Complex issues to be resolved, huge financial
amounts at stake, strong needs for high level
competencies
Increase efficiency through:
Nuclear operator core skills
Cross-fertilization of experiences and skills
Ability to act as a Complex Project Owner/an
Architect Engineer/a Prime contractor and a
Nuclear Operator
Thank you for your attention!
OCT. 14-16, 2014
PARIS LE
BOURGET
FRANCE
PANEL DISCUSSION
Denis Gasquet, President of the Executive
Board, ONET Group
ENGINEERING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF
COMPLEX RADIOACTIVE WASTE PROCESSING
SOLUTIONS - DECONTAMINATION AND
DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR REACTORS
AND FACILITIES
WNE 2014
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ONET TECHNOLOGIES
LEADING PLAYER IN NUCLEAR DECOMMISSIONING SERVICES IN FRANCE
Decommissioning of your facility
Initial
characterization
Decontamination &
Dismantling operation
Decommissioning
Strategy
Implementation
Radwaste
management
Turn-key solutions provider
From front-end engineering to site execution and operation
ONET TECHNOLOGIES
ONET VALUE IN RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT SERVICES
Inventory- State
of the art
Radiological and
chemical
characterization
Methods and
engineering
studies
Quality plan
during works
Overpacking and
Transport
management
Management of
the temporary
Storage
Characterization
and downstream
analyzes
Treatment and
conditioning
Outsourcing services for processing, conditioning and
temporary storage of LLW Radwaste prior to shipment
to final disposal site
ONET TECHNOLOGIES
TECHNOLOGY PROVIDER
SPHINX
Nuclear
Ventilation
Dismantling
and Cutting
Equipments
IMEC
Cementation
Process
OMOUSS
Decontamination
Foam
OMDL
Decontamination
Loop
CRTT
Ground
Radiological
CRV
Aerial
Radiological
Characterisation
Characterisation
MR-419
Remote
Handling
Systems
MANEJ
Nuclear Waste
Measurement
MANEU
Neutron detector
ONET TECHNOLOGIES
KEY ON-GOING PROJECTS
Reactor
Decontamination &
Dismantling of the primary
circuit of Chooz A NPP (PWR)
Waste processing
Kozloduy NPP – VVER – Bulgaria
• EPC contract to deliver a Size
Reduction & Decontamination
Workshop
• EPC contract for the retrieval &
processing of waste from
evaporate concentrate tanks
Reactor
Decontamination
of the primary
circuit of
Bohunice V1
VVER – Slovakia
Fuel Reprocessing Facility
Advanced equipment for the
dismantling of highly activated
component
ONET TECHNOLOGIES
NUCLEAR DECOMMISSIONING – SUPPLY CHAIN CHALLENGES
Decommissioning Market in Europe
UK
Fuel cycle
Reactors
Long term
continuous
dismantling
BELGIUM
Reactors
Immediate
dismantling
LITHUANIA
Reactors
Continuous
dismantling
FRANCE
Fuel cycle
Reactors
“immediate /
continuous”
dismantling
UKRAINE
GERMANY
Chernobyl
Safe store
Reactors mainly
Immediate
dismantling
SPAIN
Reactors
Immediate
dismantling /
Safe Store
ITALIA
SLOVAKIA
Reactors
Continuous
dismantling
Reactors
Immediate
dismantling
BULGARIA
Reactors
Continuous
dismantling
GERMANY
ONET TECHNOLOGIES
Decommissioning Market
Market Size *
Size of market / Decommissioning of civil NPP from 2012 to 2030
World
Europe
Asia-Pacific
North America
110 b$
81,5 b$
20,3 b$
8,2 b$
Highest decommissioning market value by country
France
UK
Russia
21,5 b$
18,7 b$
13,5 b$
Market Reality
-
Utility decommissioning spendings are spread over a long time span
Numbers include operating expenditure, radwaste expenditure, site remediation, etc.
Market available to the Supply Chain much smaller than estimated numbers
* Source : Nuclear Reactor Decommissioning Industry - Global Market Size and Competitive Landscape Analysis to 2030 – Global data
ONET TECHNOLOGIES
Decommissioning Market – FRANCE
- Long term: attractive
- Short/middle term: flat & uncertain
Supply Chain engagement and
Investment relies on market
anticipation!
ONET TECHNOLOGIES
The image and sustainability of the Nuclear Industry also relies on:
-
A healthy Decommissioning Fund
Planning and implementation of decommissioning operations
Maintain our Know-How and Expertise
ONET TECHNOLOGIES
RISK IN NUCLEAR DECOMMISSIONING – MAIN SOURCES
Uncertainties on Input Data:
Physical, radiological and chemical state
of nuclear facilities before dismantling
Loss of past operation history
Age of the plant : structural and
mechanical resistance, full or partial
operation
ONET TECHNOLOGIES
RISK IN NUCLEAR DECOMMISSIONING – MAIN SOURCES
A large spectrum of facilities some with very complex issues
Fuel reprocessing facilities
Research reactors/
laboratories
Complexity
Nuclear Power
Plants (Civil)
No or little « series effect »
…and also: research reactor facilities, Industrial facilities, waste management facilities,
medical laboratories, particles accelerators, medical facilities...
ONET TECHNOLOGIES
NUCLEAR DECOMMISSIONING: CONTRACTING SCHEMES AND RISK SHARING
Contracting schemes for suppliers
High
Seek a
balanced
Fixed-price contract
Owner
/
Supplier
No risk premium
Uncertainties about
the input data
No or very poor incentives
Uncapped Civil Liability
Risk
Sharing
Approach
Low
Low
Complexity
High
ONET TECHNOLOGIES
INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Export expertise and build relevant partnerships
1. Direct export of expertise
Engineering services
High technology or design of complex solutions
The right place in the local supply chain
2. Balanced partnerships with the local industry
Support efficient growth of the local supply chain
Operate on reliable funding
PANEL DISCUSSION
WNE 2014
OCT. 14-16, 2014
PARIS LE BOURGET
FRANCE
39
PANEL DISCUSSION
OCT. 14-16, 2014
PARIS LE BOURGET
FRANCE
Andrzej CHWAS, Head of Unit at the Nuclear Energy
Department (Ministry for Economy, Poland)
SETTING UP AN INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK IN A NEWCOMER COUNTRY, POLAND
DISMANTLING & WASTE MANAGEMENT
WNE 2014
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41
NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR RW AND SF
Introduction –basic information on Country situation
1st RR – Ewa
1956 construction
1958 start-up
mid-70s – NPP site selection
1982 – 1990 – NPP construction
1992 – NPP project abandoned
1961
LLW/SL-ILW surface
repository
2nd RR - Maria
1970 construction
1974 start-up
1950s
1960s
announcements and attempts to
establish GTRI, but…
1997 - ~2002 – RR
Ewa decommissioning
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
3
42
Introduction – basic information on Country situation
2500 ionising radiation users:
medical, industrial and
scientific users
(non-power waste +spent
sealed sources)
Warsaw
(1961)
National Radioactive
Waste Repository /
Rozan (1961)
SWIERK
SITE
Two spent
fuel storages
Research Reactor
MARIA 30MW (1974)
Decommissioned
Research Reactor EWA
(1958-1995)
42
43
Council of Ministers
Ministry of
Economy
Government Commissioner
for Nuclear Power (NEPIO)
Ministry of
Environment
ZUOP
Radioactive Waste
Management Plant
PGE SA
Investor/
Operator
Activities
connected with
utilization of
nuclear energy
for social and
economical needs
of Poland
including NPPs
NCBJ
National Nuclear
Research Centre
Research
Reactor MARIA
SF and RAW
storage / disposal
facilities
Activities
connected with
SF and Waste
management in
Poland
National Atomic
Energy Agency
Regulatory oversight
of nuclear , radiation,
waste and transport
safety , security and
safeguards of facilities
and activities in
Poland
rule making, safety
assessment , licensing,
inspection and enforcement
44
Introduction –basic information on Country situation
–ZUOP (Radwaste Management
Plant) = State-owned public utility for
radioactive waste management and spent nuclear
fuel management, ensuring permanent feasibility
of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel storage
and disposal (ALA 2000 art.114)
•radioactive waste management = all activities
involving conversion, handling, storage and
disposal of radioactive waste, including facility
decommissioning (ALA 2000 art. 3)
•ZUOP operates facilities for RW processing and
SF storage in Świerk (incl. decommissioned RR
EWA) and National Radwaste Repository in Różan
45
NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR RAW AND SF
Polish RRs operation history
10 MW
8 MW
EWA
1972
4 MW
1967
2 MW
1964
1958
EK-10 (10%)
1995
WWR-SM/M2 (36%)
20-30 MW
15-20 MW
1974
EK-10
1985
MARIA
2015
1993
MR (80%)
MR (36%)
1999
46
Current practice and future waste management policy
Existing near surface repository
at Różan will remain in
operation until 2025
Facility no.1 - used for temporary
storage of long lived waste
(ca 800 m3) including more
than 50% of alfa bearing
waste (dismantled smoke
detectors, depleted uranium,
and also Sr-90 +Y-90, H-3, Cs137, Co-60 and others).
All waste in facility no.1 are
segregated according to
category, conditioned and
easily retrievable.
Facilities no.2 and 3 contains
unsegregated and
unconditioned historical
waste including long lived
LLW/ILW
47
CURRENT CHALLENGES
Government- MoE,
•
Implementation of Directive 2011/70/ EURATOM.
•
Complete the conversion programme HEU to LEU fuel for
MARIA RR.
•
Completion of remediation of Różan facility.
•
Re-establish siting programme for new LILW. repository
48
General overview
- Strategic Governmental Program 1997-1999
First fully complex national strategy-type actions & output
document, setting up the goals
• surface repository
• deep geological repository
• public acceptance issues
• technologies review
• ... (and other)
49
NATIONAL
PROGRAMME FOR RAW AND SF
Deep underground repository issue
• Geological repository is long term
management solution also for final
disposal for long lived (alpha bearing) and
HASS waste; within GSP there were 4
candidate sites for deep underground
repositories selected for further
examination in central Poland
50
Low and Intermediate
Level Waste Repository repository:
Planned activities
1. Review of the locations examined so far for the storage of
wastes
2. Selection of 3 best potential locations.
3. Detailed studies of potential sites.
4. Public consultations.
5. Choosing the best location
6. Preparation of the project of disposal of waste and project of
this disposal.
7. Construction of LILW repository
51
Waste management strategy
• Responsible management of waste and spent fuel is
one of the key elements of the entire Polish Nuclear
Power Program, and is necessary to obtain public
acceptance for the introduction of nuclear power in
Poland
In 2009 Minister of Economy, set up special Working
Group (Team) to prepare:
National Plan for Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel
Management for Poland
52
National Plan for Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel Management
In 2009 Minister of Economy, set up special Working Group (Team)
to preper the National Plan for Radioactive Waste and Spent
Fuel Management for Poland
Members of Working Group are representatives of the
following institutions:
-
Ministry of Environment,
Ministry of State Treasure,
Ministry of Economy,
National Geological Institute,
National Atomic Energy Agency,
Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology,
Radioactive Waste Management Plant.
53
Tasks 1 Preparation for closure, final closure and
long-term monitoring of the National Radioactive
Waste Repository (KSOP) in Rozan
•
•
•
•
•
•
2015-2017 r. Selecting option of closure.
2018-2020 r. Developing the concept of closure.
2020-2023 r. Closure program and obtain a permit.
2024-2029 r. Closure.
2025–2029 r. Closure report and decision
NAEA President approving the report.
2030–2330 r. Long-term monitoring.
Rys.: ZUOP
54
Task 2: Selecting the location, construction and
commissioning of the new surface disposal of
radioactive waste
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
2013-2017 r. site selection
2017-2018 r. Choice of the site
2020-2023 r. construction
2024 r. Commissioning.
2025–2144 r. Exploitation
2145-2155 r. Closure
2155–2455 r. Long-term monitoring
Rys.: ZUOP
55
Task 3: Preparation for construction of the deep
repository of radioactive waste (DGR) - including
the implementation of the program of Polish
Underground Research Laboratory (PURL)
Task 4: Start-DGE before the start of the
liquidation of the first Polish nuclear power plant
•
•
•
•
The period from the start of work on the feasibility and concept studies to
complete the construction and start of operation - about 56 - 60 years.
PURL - underground research laboratory.
The operation time - 65-70 years
Closing and long-term monitoring.
56
Krajowy plan postępowania z odpadami promieniotwórczymi i wypalonym paliwem jądrowym
Inventory of radioactive waste and forecasts of
future quantities
•
In KSOP in Rozan
( at 27 November 2013).
is
3797.23
Prognose supply of low and intermediate level waste on the
new surface storage of radioactive waste
Likwidacja
reaktora Maria i
laboratoriów
NCBJ
m³
of
radioactive
waste
The projected amount of waste in
the
new
landfill
surface
radioactive waste, according to
their origin at the time of closing
the landfill in 2144y.
80000
70000
60000
50000
m³
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
57
NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR RAW AND SF NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR RAW AND SF
Inventory of radioactive waste and forecasts of
future quantities, cont.
Forecast supply of spent nuclear fuel derived from nuclear energy
120
100
80
60
40
tH
M
20
0
2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 2060 2065 2070 2075 2080 2085 2090 2095
Thank You for attention
Ministry of Economy
Nuclear Energy Department
Pl. Trzech Krzyży 3/5
00-507 Warsaw
tel +48 22 693 50 00
fax +48 22 693 40 46
email [email protected]
web www.mg.gov.pl
PANEL DISCUSSION
OCT. 14-16, 2014
PARIS LE BOURGET
FRANCE
Jean-Paul Minon
Chair of the Radioactive Waste Management Committee
General Director of the Belgian Agency for the Management of
Radioactive Waste and Enriched Fissile Materials
LONG-TERM MANAGEMENT OF HIGH-LEVEL
RADIOACTIVE WASTE AND SPENT FUEL
GLOBAL OVERVIEW AND MAIN CHALLENGES
WNE 2014
59
Contents
OECD-NEA and RWMC
Waste categories and interdependencies between all
steps in generation and management
Global overview of long-term management solutions
Key messages about geological disposal
Main challenges in waste management activities
Conclusion
© 2013 Organisation f or Economic Co-operation and Dev elopment
Contents
OECD-NEA and RWMC
Conclusion
OECD member countries and mission
Established in 1961
Headquarters in Paris, France
Secretary-General:
Angel Gurría
Mission:
to promote policies that
will improve the economic
and social well-being of
people around the world
Current membership:
34 countries in Europe,
North and South America
and the Asia-Pacific
region
OECD structure
NEA mission
To assist its member countries in maintaining and
further developing, through international co-operation,
the scientific, technological and legal bases required
for a safe, environmentally friendly and economical
use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes
To provide authoritative assessments and to forge
a common understanding on key issues such as input
to government decisions on nuclear energy policy
and to broaden OECD policy analyses in areas
such as energy and sustainable development
NEA member countries
Current membership:
31 countries in Europe, North America and the Asia-Pacific region
Together, they account for ≈ 90% of the world’s installed nuclear capacity
Chile, Estonia, New Zealand and Israel are members of the OECD but not of
the NEA
The Russian Federation is a member of the NEA but not yet of the OECD
NEA committee structure
RWMC mission
To assist member countries in the development of
safe, sustainable and broadly acceptable strategies
for the long-term management of all types
of radioactive waste, particularly long-lived waste, and
spent fuel considered as waste
In practice, the RWMC acts as an integration platform
promoting dialogue and cooperation and distilling
best practices and lessons for all to use
Contents
OECD-NEA and RWMC
Conclusion
Waste categories
Very-low-level waste (VLLW)
Low- and intermediate-level short-lived waste
(LILW-SL)
Low- and intermediate-level long-lived waste
(LILW-LL)
High-level waste/Spent fuel (HLW/SF)
Management routes including final destination
must be defined for all waste categories, as it is
necessary to know the final destination to carry
out the previous management steps properly
Final
Disposal
Storage
T&C
Transport
Producers
Interdependencies between all steps
Waste Management Activities
IMS for sustainable management of radwaste
To guarantee long-term safety
Information flow to inform, guide or impose the efforts
to manage from the beginning
Op.
safety
Op.
safety
Op.
safety
Op.
safety
Op.
safety
Contents
OECD-NEA and RWMC
Conclusion
Three countries with geological disposal projects
Finland: HLW/SF
Decision in principle adopted in 2001
Site selected: Olkiluoto
Licence application submitted in 2012
Commissioning scheduled for 2022
Sweden: HLW/SF
Site selected: Forsmark
Licence application submitted in 2011
France: LILW-LL + HLW/SF
Site selected: region of the Bure laboratory
Licence application scheduled for 2015
Two countries with on-going siting process
Canada: HLW/SF
adaptive, stepwise process
only local communities that have expressed an interest in accommodating a
repository are taken into consideration when assessing geological potential
Two countries with on-going siting process
Switzerland: HLW/SF
Three geological areas considered
Contents
OECD-NEA and RWMC
Conclusion
Key messages about geological disposal (1)
Geological disposal is a complex issue (multiple
dimensions, extremely long timescales, multiple
regulations, wide variety of actors, etc.)
Postponing geological disposal work is unethical
- it is unethical to transfer undue burdens to future
generations
- geological disposal is technically feasible and provides
unparalleled protection
- there is no alternative to geological disposal
- storage is a temporary solution
A supra-national framework promotes the safe
(long-term) management of radioactive waste
Key messages about geological disposal (2)
Through exchange of experience, peer reviews
and joint projects, the international community helps
define best practices
Cultural, societal, and geographical similarities and
differences have resulted in a variety of paths towards
implementing national disposal solutions
Societal support is a critical factor for the siting
and implementation of disposal facilities
There is awareness that the decision-making process
must progress in steps, be participative and adaptable
Contents
OECD-NEA and RWMC
Conclusion
Organisation of a comprehensive waste management system,
including its financing
Development of robust and optimised roadmaps for SF and
RW management towards disposal, including transportation
Licensing the first geological repositories for HLW/SF and
for other long-lived wastes
Industrial implementation of deep geological disposal
Effective decommissioning
Management of LLW and special types of radioactive waste
Knowledge management and long-term preservation of
records, knowledge and memory
Contents
OECD-NEA and RWMC
Conclusion
Conclusion
Each disposal solution is unique as it is the result of a
systemic approach taking into account the waste to be
disposed of, the engineered barriers, the geological
formation and the site
Whatever the solution envisaged, it is necessary to bear in
mind that disposal facilities are SCARCE RESOURCES
and must, therefore, be allocated efficiently
This means that disposal facilities must be filled in an
optimal way (for instance, surface disposal facilities are
designed to accommodate large waste volumes)
Thank you for your attention

WNE Panel dismantling and waste management

Transcription

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