Controlling pleurisy

Controlling pleurisy
Jill Thomson
Allan Ward
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Pleurisy in pigs
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What is pleurisy?
How does it happen?
How does it affect the pig?
Implications for the processors
What can the farmer do to:
– Prevent it?
– Control it?
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What is pleurisy?
• Thin membrane lining
• Vital for lung function
• Important transport system
Air – in/out
Blood – in/out
Mucus - out
Lymph – out
Pleurisy = inflammation
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How does pleurisy happen?
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Infection - APP, H.parasuis, Streps etc..
Small airways/alveoli
Foreign proteins/toxins
Inflammation
Fibrinous
Immunity
Fibrous
Adhesion
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Fibrinous pleurisy
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Contributing factors
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Poor ventilation
High humidity
Unsuitable To
Overstocking
Continuous throughput
High ammonia/dust
Stress
Other infections
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% diagnoses = Swine influenza
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How does it affect the pig?
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Pain, temperature
Stop eating
Reduced drinking
Refuge
Dog sit/lie upright
Mouth breathing, panting
Death, debility
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APP Lesions
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Glasser’s disease
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Outcome?
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Depends on many factors
Severity of infection
Serotype of APP
Confounding factors
Immune function
How the pig is treated
Die or slow recovery
ADG ↓, chronic pleurisy
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Implications for the processor
Mild pleurisy affecting
lower aspect of the rib cage
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Pleurisy in pigs
Focal pleurisy lesions
associated with
lung abscesses
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Mild pleurisy but more extensive lesions
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Extensive pleurisy
Extensive pleurisy with
lung adhered to the
chest wall
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Extensive pleurisy
Extensive pleurisy with large
amount of lung adhered
to the chest wall
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Vion (Broxburn) data 2010
Vion (Broxburn) data
• 12 months (2010)
• Range 5 – >9% per month
• January lowest month: 5% of 36,394 pigs
~1,800 pigs
• February highest month: over 9% of 36,139
~ 3,500 pigs
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Data Vion (Broxburn) 4th of January
.2010
to 2nd of December 2010
Total Pigs processed
426,358
Total pigs requiring pleural
30,860
stripping
Total percentage of pigs
killed requiring stripping
7.2%
Stripping Times / Processor Cost
Activity
Time avg (range)
Pleural strip
48s
Passage through re-trim
area
4.33 min (12% increase compared £?? Share of capital
with normal time on line)
MHS re-inspection cost
10* secs @ £37 per hour
£0.103
Line delays (more than 20
carcasses delayed)
15* mins @ £700/hr labour only.
At once per day...
Disposal costs
Avg 500g per infected animal @
£100 per tonne disposal costs
£175.00 per
occasion.
£1.17/pig**
£0.05
Total labour and disposal
costs at processors
Per pig with pleural strip
(12 to 91s) @£15/hr
Cost per stripped
pig
£0.20
£0.353 plus line
delays plus share of
fixed costs
*These values are estimates **Cost per pig assuming 150 strippers/day
Pleural Stripping Times and
Processor Cost ~ Broxburn 2010
Processor item @ Broxburn
Value
Labour and disposal costs only; per pig
stripped
Line delay costs; per pig stripped
£0.353
No. of pigs stripped for period 4th Jan 2010
– 2nd Dec 2010
30,860
Cost estimate for year (£)
£1.17
£10,894 + £35,797 +share of
fixed costs
Control of pleurisy
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If you don’t have it – be happy but Beware!
Source of pigs
Health Declaration form
Quarantine
Biosecurity
Risk from part-loads
Loading bay position
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Units with pleurisy
• Need a plan to tackle it – VET
• Know your enemy!
• Immediate actions
– Medicate, ventilate, remediate
• Long term options
– Eradicate
– Control as effectively as possible (pro-active
improvements)
– Do nothing special (rely on antibiotics)
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Know your enemy!
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Cause of disease?
PM – fresh, untreated case(s)
Abattoir lesions
Culture/serotyping/serology
Contributing health issues
– EP, PRRS, PCV2, Swine flu etc?
• Environment/management issues
• Investment – time, cost, - vital
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Immediate actions
• Medicate – antibiotics in water + inject
– Tulathromycin, enrofloxacin, ceftiofur, penicillin,
amoxycillin etc.
• Ventilate – improve
– Open up building, increase fan speeds etc..
• Remediate
– Reduce stocking, use hospital pens
– Get finishers away lighter
– Divert healthy pigs to another site
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Follow-on actions
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Prevention measures
In-feed antibiotics (strategic)
APP vaccination – weaners
Maintain other vaccines/controls
Management changes
– AI-AO + meds
– Subdivide building: reduce airspace
– Review ventilation
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‘Recovering from pleurisy’
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Long term
• Consider cost-benefits & risks
• Eradicate?
– Total depop
– Partial depop/vaccinate/medicate/clean
• Control as effectively as possible
– Proactive improvements on all fronts
– Pleurisy checklist
• Monitor progress
– Mortality, ADG, Pleurisy scores
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Two’s company!
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