docIdentification of Common Range Plants of Northern Saskatchewan
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Identification of Common Range Plants of Northern Saskatchewan
FIELD GUIDE Identification of Common Range Plants of Northern Saskatchewan Common Range Plants Table of Contents Common Range Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Grasses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Forbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Shrubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Adapted from . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Sources of Information . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 1 GRASSES The Grass Plant Parts Types of Grass Flowering Heads Culm A. SPIKE Node Unbranched terminal flowering head with spikelets attached directly to the central axis. (Example: Wheatgrasses) Blade Blade Collar Sheath Blade Auricle Ligule Auricle Sheath Node B. COMB-LIKE SPIKE Culm Spikelets are arranged on one side like a comb, spikes not necessarily TERMINAL. (Example: Blue grama, side-oats grama) Root C. RACEME SPIKELET Floret Unbranched flowering head with spikelets borne on stalks attached to the central axis. (Example: Bluestems) Spikelet is the unit of the flowering head of grasses (see next page for detail) Glume Glume (Flower bract) D. PANICLE Branched flower head. (Examples: June grass, Blue grasses, Hair grasses) Rhizome Crown FIBROUS RHIZOMATOUS 2 Index to Grasses Common and Botanical Names of Grasses Included in the Guide Common Names Awned wheatgrass Canada bluegrass Canada rice grass Fringed bromegrass Green needlegrass Hooker’s oat grass Hairy wildrye Intermediate oat grass Junegrass Kentucky bluegrass Marsh reedgrass Narrow reedgrass Northern rice grass Northern wheatgrass Purple oat grass Plains rough fescue Quackgrass Rough hair grass Richardson’s needlegrass Smooth bromegrass Slender wood grass Slender wheat grass Sweet grass Tufted hair grass Western porcupine grass Western wheat grass White grained mountain rice grass Bluegrasses Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Botanical Names Agropyron subsecundum Poa compressa Oryzopsis Canadensis Bromus ciliatus Stipa viridula Helictotrichon hookeri Elymus innovatus Danthonia intermedia Koeleria gracilis Poa pratensis Calamagrostis Canadensis Calamagrostis stricta Oryzopsis pungens Agropyron dasystachyum Schizachne purpurascens Festuca hallii Agropyron repens Agrostis scabra Stipa richardsonii Bromus inermis Cinna latifolia Agropyron trachycaulum Hierochloe odorata Deschampsia caespitosa Stipa curtiseta Agropyron smithii Bromegrasses Fringed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Smooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Wild Rye Grasses Hairy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Hairgrasses Rough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Tufted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Junegrass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Needlegrasses Green . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Richardson’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Western Porcupine Grass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Oatgrasses Hooker’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Intermediate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Purple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Reedgrasses Marsh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Narrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Ricegrasses Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Northern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 White grained mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Oryzopis asperifolia Plains Rough Fescue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Slender Wood Grass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Sweetgrass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Wheatgrasses Awned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Northern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Quackgrass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Slender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Western . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 FORBS Broad-leaved Herbaceous Plants Index of Forbs Common Names Lindley’s aster Spreading dogbane Snake root Tall meadow rue American vetch Philadelphia fleabane Northern bedstraw Tall lungwort (bluebell) Western Canada violet Common blue eyed grass Canada goldenrod Smooth aster Two leaved solomon’s seal Star-flowered solomon’s seal Red baneberry Canada anemone Woodland strawberry Yellow avens Three toothed cinquefoil Rough cinquefoil Cream colored vetchling Wild peavine Wild sarsaparilla Fireweed Northern bog violet Arrow-leaved colt’s foot Bunchberry Cow parsnip Botanical Names Aster lindleyanus Apocynum androsaemifolia Sanicula marilandica Thalictrum dasycarpum Vicia Americana Erigeron philadelphicus Galium boreale Mertensia paniculata Viola rugulosa Sisrinchium angustifolium Solidago Canadensis Aster laevis Maianthemum canadense Smilacina stellata Actaea rubra Anemone Canadensis Fragaria vrsca Geum aleppicum Potentilla tridentate Potentilla norvegica Lathyrus ochroleucus Lathyrus venosus Arilia rudicaulis Epilobium angustifolium Viola nephrophylla Petasites sagittatus Cornus Canadensis Heracleum lanatum 11 Page 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Shrubs See leaf morphology in the Forbs Section Common Names Shrubby cinquefoil Bearberry Wood’s rose Wolfwillow Saskatoon Chokecherry Western snowberry Labrador tea Wild black currant Northern goose berry Beaked hazelnut Wild red raspberry Trembling Aspen Balsam poplar Red-osier dogwood Green alder Dwarf birch Dewberry Botanical Names Potentilla pruticosa Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Rosa woodsii Elaeagnus commutata Amelanchier alnifolia Prunus virginiana Symphoricarpos ocidentalis Ledum groenlandicum Ribes hudsonianum Ribes oxyacanthoides Corylus cornuta Rubus idaeus Populus tremuloides Populus balsamifera Cornus stolonifera Alnus crispa Betula glandulosa Rubus pubescens 19 Page 20 20 20 20 21 21 21 21 22 22 22 22 23 23 23 23 24 24 20 21 22 23 24 Grasses Common Names Awned wheatgrass Canada bluegrass Canada rice grass Fringed bromegrass Green needlegrass Hooker’s oat grass Hairy wildrye Intermediate oat grass Junegrass Kentucky bluegrass Marsh reedgrass Narrow reedgrass Northern rice grass Northern wheatgrass Purple oat grass Plains rough fescue Quackgrass Rough hair grass Richardson’s needlegrass Smooth bromegrass Slender wood grass Slender wheat grass Sweet grass Tufted hair grass Western Porcupine grass Western wheat grass White grained grass Shrubs Grazing Response Decreaser Invader NA Decreaser Decreaser Decreaser Increaser Increaser Increaser Invader Decreaser Decreaser Decreaser Increaser Increaser Decreaser Invader Invader Decreaser Invader NA Decreaser Increaser Decreaser Increaser Increaser Decreaser Forage Value Good Good NA Good Good Good Fair Fair Good Good Fair Fair Good Good Fair Good Fair Poor NA Good Good Good Fair Good Good Good Good Grazing Response Decreaser Increaser Increaser Increaser Increaser NA Decreaser Decreaser Increaser Invader Increaser Increaser NA Increaser Increaser Increaser Increaser NA Decreaser Increaser Decreaser Increaser Decreaser Increaser Increaser Decreaser Increaser Increaser Forage Value Good Poor Poor Fair Fair NA Fair Good Fair Fair Fair Fair Fair Fair Poor NA Fair Poor Good Fair Good Poor Good Fair Poor Good Poor NA Forbs Common Names American vetch Arrow-leaved coltsfoot Bunchberry Canada goldenrod Canada anemone Common blue eyed grass Cow parsnip Cream colored vetchling Fireweed Lindley’s Aster Northern bog violet Northern bedstraw Philadelphia fleabane Red baneberry Rough cinquefoil Smooth aster Snake root Spreading dogbane Star-flowered solomon’s seal Tall meadow rue Tall lungwort (bluebell) Three toothed cinquefoil Two leaved solomon’s seal Western Canada violet Wild strawberry Wild peavine Wild sarsparilla Yellow avens 25 Common Names Aspen (saplings) Balsam poplar (saplings) Beaked hazelnut Bear berry Chokecherry Dewberry Dwarf birch Green alder Labrador tea Northern gooseberry Red-osier dogwood Saskatoon Shrubby cinquefoil Western snowberry Wild black currant Wild red raspberry Wolf willow Wood’s rose Grazing Response Decreaser Increaser Increaser Increaser Decreaser Increaser Increaser Increaser Increaser Increaser Decreaser Decreaser Increaser Increaser Increaser Increaser Increaser Increaser NA – Information not available Forage Value Good Fair Fair Poor Fair Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Good Good Poor Poor Poor Fair Poor Fair Sources of Information and Further Readings: Adapted from: Anonymous, 1990. Managing Saskatchewan Rangeland – New Pastures and Grazing Technologies Project. Carmichael, Lloyd. 1976. Woodland Wildflowers of Eastern Saskatchewan. Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History, Regina, Sask. Carmichael, Lloyd. 1967. Saskatchewan Wildflowers, Western Area. Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History, Regina, Sask. Corns, I. G. W. and R. M. Annas. 1986. Field Guide to Forest Ecosystems of West-central Alberta. Can. For. Serv. For. Cent., Edmonton, Alberta. Looman, J. 1983. 111 Rangeland Forage Plants of the Canadian Prairies. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada Publication 1751. Looman, J. and K. F. Best. 1979. Buds Flora of the Canadian Prairies. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada publication 1662. Moss, E. H. 1977. Flora of Alberta. University of Toronto Press. Vance, F. R., J. R. Jowsey and J. S. McLean, 1991. Wildflowers Across the Prairies. Western Producer Books. Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Ehlert, G., 1990. Draft Aspen Mixedwood Range Condition Score Card and Range Management Section, Public lands Division, Northern Region. Acknowledgements The field guide was compiled and edited by Allan Foster, Rangeland and Forage Agrologist, Livestock Development Branch, Saskatchewan Agriculture, Food and Rural Revitalization. Thanks to Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada for the permission to copy and use the illustrations in this publication. Thanks are due to Gordon Parker (Head, Technology Transfer, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Station, Swift Current) for his co-operation and for locating the illustrations. Funding for the publication of the guide was provided by the Canada - Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food Innovation Fund. For more information, contact: the nearest Saskatchewan Agriculture, Food and Rural Revitalization Rural Service Centre 26
