Did they ever live in Skokloster castle?

Did they ever live in Skokloster castle?
A historical perspective on
energy-efficiency and comfort
Gunhild Eriksdotter
What do we know about the indoor
climate of the past?
What happens with the
indoor climate when the
top storey is removed?
Or when the former
ground floor is
transformed into a
basement?
Penningby Castle
The myth of the unhabitable castle
The Great Hall at
Skokloster was never
completed
The Little Ice Age (≈1400-1900)
Five centuries of Stockholm winter/spring temperatures
Little Ice Age
impacts
• Agrarian crisis (eg 1695-98)
• Witch trials
• Migration to the New World
Johan Ekeblad, working at the court
of Queen Kristina
“The evil weather is averting our
amusements” (Nov. 30, 1650)
Diaries
from
Stockholm
Bulstrode Whitelocke, British Ambassador
“A great quantity of snow fell and covered
the houses and fields and this was hard
frozen: a matter at this time strange to the
English, but ordinary here” (May 3, 1654)
Charles Ogier, French secretary
“The city is big and has quite a lot of
inhabitants, although I didn’t see many people in
the streets because the coldness that we
experienced during this time made everybody lock
themselves in the hot rooms” (Dec. 14, 1634)
Climate history and
architecture
Climate consiousness
Energy-efficiency and comfort
Spaces, heating sources, textiles and furnishing
Hardwick Hall – “more
glass than wall”
Bess of Hardwick
(1521-1608)
Skokloster castle
built 1654-1676
Carl Gustaf
Wrangel
(1613-1676)
First floor with the
principal apartments
Combined heating systems
Drawing by Magalotti 1674
Open fire place and
tiled stove in situ
The lesser-known cast
iron stoves
Example from Norway 18th C
The state bed chamber
The state
bed chamber
of Louis XIV
(1638-1715)
Count Wrangel’s
apartment at
Skokloster
Wrangel’s state
bed chamber
Energy-efficiency and comfort
Splendor and conspicuous consumption
Did they ever live in the castle?
An alternative dwelling
Plan of the stone
house in front of the
castle