je me souviens - American-French Genealogical Society

JE ME SOUVIENS
>
Winter 1990
Volume 13, number 2
AMERICAN FRENCH-GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY
P.O. B o x 2113
P a w t u c k e t , R h o d e Island 02861~0113
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Please see our research policy on page 75.
ARTICLES
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Henri Leblond
88 John St.
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JE ME SOUVIENS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
President's Message ......................... 3
Survivance: A Franco-American Obsession . . . . . 5
Genealogy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Reviving Extinct Noble Titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Golden Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Cyriac and Wilfred Gendreau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Holidays Past . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
From the Old Marquette. MI. Cemetery . . . . . . . 65
Members' Corner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Librarian's Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Drouin Books Fund Donors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Research Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Questions and Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Ancestor Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
New Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
A.F.G.S. Materials and Publications . . . . . . . . . . 88
Index to Number 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Volume XIII. Number 2: Winter 1990
I.S.S.N.: 0195-7384 01990 by A.F.G.S.
OFFICERS
President:
Janice Burkhart
508-285-7736
263 South Worcester St.
Norton, MA 02766
Vice President:
401-762-5059
Roger Beaudry
730 Manville Road
Woonsocket, RI 02895
Secretary:
Evaline Desplaines
401-762-4866
75 Avenue C
Woonsocket, RI 02895
Treasurer:
Therese Poliquin
88 Woodward Ave.
Seekonk, MA 02771
508-336-9648
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Leon Asselin
Noella Bouliane
Dorothy Ciriello
Lucille Creamer
Paul Delisle
Joseph Desrosiers
Simonne Goitz
Henri Paradis
William Roberge
Jeanne Theberge
JE ME SOUVIENS
Editor:
Henri Leblond
401-724-1441
88 John St.
Pawtucket, RI 02861-1010
COMMITTEE HEADS
Membership:
Library:
Publicity:
Research:
Therese Poliquin
Simonne Goitz
Janice Burkhart
Jeanne Theberge
Rev. Dennis Boudreau
508-336-9648
401-725-8502
508-285-7736
401-726-0254
PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE
Message d e l a p r e s i d e n t e
D e a r Member,
I v i s i t e d t h e S h e l b u r n e Museum i n
Vermont
lost August.
I
comeoway
very
i m p r e s s e d by i t s d i s p l a y of q u i l t s .
like a quilt.
In a
Our S o c i e t y i s
q u i l t , each piece though unique is a definite port
of
t h e whole. Each o f o u r members is unique yet each contributes i n h i s
own w a y
t o t h e o v e r a l l s u c c e s s of o u r Society.
A quilt is held
together
b y mony
s t i t c h e s which g i v e i t
s t r e n g t h . Our Society
is unified
by
our heritage
and
i n t e r e s t s w h i c h make i t s t r o n g .
A quilt
creates
warmth.
Imogine
wrapping
one around
yourself
on a c o l d
winter night.
Our S o c i e t y conveys warmth,
t h e warmth of f r i e n d s h i p ,
as
o u r members
h e l p o n e o n o t h e r o r work t o g e t h e r f o r t h e
Society.
Q u i l t o w n e r s k n o w a l l a b o u t t h e m : why
and
how t h e y were m a d e .
Although q u i l t s
are
in doily use, they
are u s u a l l y well
cared for
and passed
from one generation
t o the next.
Our members
readily
relate
why a n d how o u r S o c i e t y b e g a n .
We u s e o u r
S o c i e t y ' s r e s o u r c e s and w e care f o r them
because
t h e y w i l l be p a s s e d on
t o those
who w i l l f o l l o w u s .
Yes.
Our S o c i e t y i s
like o quilt.
Janice Burkhart,
President
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Our FRENCH-CANADIANAncestors
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SURVIVANCE: A FRANCO-AMERICAN O B S E S S I O N
by L a r r y Poitras
The Franco-Americans took t h e i r s t r o n g est stand against Irish-inspired i n s t i t u t i o n o l a s s i m i l a t i o n i n t h e -I J o u ve -m e n t S e n t i n el li s t e of the 1920's.
I n s t i t u t i o n a l assim i l a t i o n , a e n e r o l l y u n d e r s t o o d t o mean r e l i gious conformity, c a l l e d f o r Franco-Anerican
a c c e p t a n c e o f t h e I r i s h - d o m i n a t e d Roman C o tholic Church's policies.
As a result of
t h e F r o n c o - A m e r i c a n r e s i s t a n c e , t h e Roman
C a t h o l i c Church excommunicated opproximotely
s i x t y Fronco-Americans from a dozen French
n a t i o n a l p a r i s h e s of t h e B l a c k s t o n e V a l l e y
area of Rhode I s l o n d . ( 1 )
The Fronco-Amer i c o n p r e s s d e s c r i b e d
t h e Mouvemeni-Sen t i n e l l i s t e as o n e
..born
under t h e b r e a t h of s p i t e , j e a l o u s y and veng e a n c e . " ( 2 ) P e r h a p s t h e b e s t known c r i t i c
o f t h e Sen t i n e l l i s t e s and t h e i r movement,
J . A l b e r t F o i s y , ~ x e idt " . . . t h e s a d d e s t
o f f a i r t h i s c o u n t r y h a s e v e r s e e n . . .much
m o r e d i s a s t r o u s f o r s o u l s t h a n a n y number of
a t t a c k s a g a i n s t t h e Church ..." Foisy att a c k e d t h e movement a n d v i e w e d i t as " . .on
a g i t a t i o n t h a t was w i t h o u t a s h a d o w o f j u s tification or reason.
A movement c r e a t e d i n
an un-Americon and u n - C h r i s t i a n s p i r i t . . . "
F o i s y d e n o u n c e d t h e S e n t i n e-l l i s t e s ' s u p p o r t
of
. . t h e worst e x h i b i t i o n o f s h a m e l e s s
s p e c u l a t i o n t h e h i s t o r y o f tl-e F r e n c l - r a c e
in Anerico w i l l ever r e l a t e ..." (3)
".
--
.
".
u
p
-
The S e n t i n e l l i s t e s m a i n t a i n e d t h o t t h e
f u t u r e o f t h e i r l a n g u a g e wcs a t s t a k e a n d
t h o t t h e I r i s h - A m e r i c a n b i s h o p s o f N e w Eng-
l a n d w e r e b e n t on d e s t r o y i n g t h e F r e n c h l a n guage.
S u p p o r t e r s o f t h e movement d e s c r i b e d
i t as " . . . a m i s s i o n t o save t h e F r e n c h peop l e t h r e a t e n e d b y a v i o l e n t a t t e m p t t o ass i m i l a t e . " ( 4 ) S o c i o l o g i s t B. B e s s i e Wessel,
i n An E t h n i c S u r v e y o f - W o o n s o c k e t , Rhode I s land, concluded t h a t the r e a l issue behind
%-heat
o f t h e war" oenerated bv t h e
Mouvement S e n t i n e l l i s t e i n v o l v e d t h e " c u l t u r a l r i g h t s o f an e t h n i c m i n o r i t y w i t h i n a
mother church
( 5 ) Reverend Joseph B i n e t t e o f Bellingham, Massachusetts, i n s i s t e d
t h a t t h e Franco-American excommunicants were
punished f o r " . . . l o v i n g
t h e i r brothers too
much." ( 6 )
-
..."
Ulysse Forget, i n h i s h i s t o r i c a l review
o f S a i n t J e a n - B a p t i s t e P a r i s h i n Warren,
Rhode I s l a n d , m a n t a i n e d t h a t t h e S e n t i n e l l i s t e s acted according t o the d i c t a t e s o f
t h e i r c o n s c i e n c e s b e c a u s e i t seemed t h e p r o per t h i n g t o do." (7) Recently, FrancoAmerican s t u d e n t s o f t h e S e n t i n e l l e conc l u d e d t h a t t h e c r i s i s e r u p t e d as a r e s u l t
of a struggle f o r the c o n t r o l o f church f i nances. ( 8 )
These a u t h o r s f a i l e d t o a r r i v e a t a
concensus because t h e y d i d n o t g i v e c a n s i d e r a t i o n t o t h e t r a d i t i o n a l Franco-American
resistance t o Irish-American Catholic p o l i cies.
T h i s r e s i s t a n c e may b e t r a c e d t o t h e
Franco-American community's economic, i n s t i t u t i o n a l , and s o c i a l i s o l a t i o n .
Such a
removal f r o m t h e mainstream o f American
s o c i e t y c r e a t e d s o c i a l and i n s t i t u t i o n a l
tension leading t o inter-ethnic c o n f l i c t
and h a r a s s m e n t .
As a c o n s e q u e n c e , t h i s
harassment t r i g g e r e d open h o s t i l i t y between
I r i s h - A m e r i c a n and Franco-Amerian C o t h o l i c s
beginning i n the 1880's.
-
-
S u r v i v a n c e ( s u r v i v a l ) became a F r e n c h Canadian obsession long before t h e i r f i r s t
A s e a r l y as 1760,
migration t o New England.
they struggled t o preserve t h e i r religion,
language and customs i n o r d e r t o maintain
t h e i r i d e n t i t y under B r i t i s h r u l e i n Canada.
( 9 ) In New France, t h e y i s o l a t e d themselves
t o p r e s e r v e t h e i r w o r l d as i t had been bef o r e the English domination. (10)
In t h e g r e a t French-Canadian migration
t o New E n g l a n d d u r i n g t h e A m e r i c a n C i v i l War,
they i s o l a t e d themselves in neighborhoods
s u r r o u n d i n g t h e m i l l d i s t r i c t s , and s e t t l e d
i n " L i t t l e Canadas. " Franco-Americon cont r o l l e d i n s t i t u t i o n s and o r g a n i z a t i o n s s i m i l a r t o those earlier e s t a b l i s h e d i n New
F r a n c e e m e r g e d as t h e i r p o p u l a t i o n m u l t i plied.
I s o l a t e d i n t h e m i l l d i s t r i c t s and
r e l y i n g on t h e s e r v i c e s o f t h e i r i n s t i t u t i o n s a n d o r g a n i z a t i o n s , m o s t o f them s p o k e
French exclusively.
First generation FrancoA m e r i c a n s saw n o n e e d t o l e a r n E n g l i s h . T h e i r
i s o l a t i o n minimized i n t e r a c t i o n w i t h non
Franco-American c i t i z e n s of t h e communities.
Their r e t e n t i o n of t h e F r e n c h l a n g u a g e
b a r r e d t h e d e v e l o p m e n t of a n y i n t i m a c y o r
companionship t h o t might have developed b e t ween F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s a n d t h e s o - c o l l e d
" n a t i v e Americans." (1 1 )
French-Canadians f a c e d h o s t i l e surr o u n d i n g s upon a r r i v i n g i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s .
S o - c a l l e d n o t i v e s o f t e n mocked them b e c a u s e
of t h e i r a c c e n t s and t h e i r poor grammar. ( 1 2 )
They a c c u s e d t h e F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s of b e i n g
i n t e r e s t e d only in reaping p r o f i t s from the
American m i l l s . (13) " N a t i v e Americans"
charged t h e Franco-Americans w i t h being " p a r t
time A m e r i c a n s . "
In time, t h e s o - c a l l e d
n a t i v e s " became s u s p i c i o u s o f t h e F r a n c o Americans and c r i t i c i z e d t h e i r r e l i g i o n ,
c u s t o m s and l a n g u a g e . ( 1 4 ) These s u s p i c i o n s
and a c c u s a t i o n s a c c e l e r a t e d t h e m i s u n d e r s t a n d i n g s t h a t p r e v a i l e d between t h e Franco
Americans and t h e " n a t i v e Americans."
The F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s a n d t h e I r i s h A m e r i c a n s l e a r n e d t o d i s l i k e e a c h o t h e r bef o r e t h e y l e a r n e d t o know e a c h o t h e r . ( 1 5 )
Generally, the Irish-Americans looked a t
t h e F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s as i n f e r i o r p e o p l e .
( 1 6 ) A t times, t h e Franco-Americans r e c e i v e d
h a r s h t r e a t m e n t even b e a t i n g s by t h e I r i s h
Americans. ( 1 7 ) C o n f l i c t s o f i n t e r e s t occ u r e d as a r e s u l t of t h e Franco-Americans
and t h e I r i s h - A m e r i c a n s s h a r i n g d i f f e r e n t
i d e a l s , a s p i r a t i o n s , l a n g u a g e s and c u l t u r e s .
(18)
C o n f l i c t i n g i n t e r e s t s i n economic matt e r s c r e a t e d r a c i a l a n t i p a t h i e s between t h e
F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s and t h e I r i s h - A m e r i c a n s as
economic c o m p e t i t i o n between t h e t w o groups
i n t e n s i f i e d . ( 1 9 ) The a r r i v a l o f t h e F r e n c h
C a n a d i a n s i n New E n g l a n d e n d e d t h e " I r i s h
Frenchmonopoly o f t h e p i c k and s h o v e l . "
Canadian i m m i g r a n t s sought employment i n
t h e b r i c k y a r d s , r a i l y a r d s , l o g camps a n d
c o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e s i n New E n g l a n d .
The
F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s g r a d u a l l y d i s p l a c e d Yankee
and I r i s h - A m e r i c a n l a b o r e r s i n t h e more
s k i l l e d a c t i v i t i e s of the t e x t i l e i n d u s t r y
a s t h e i r p o p u l o t i o n s w e l l e d b e t w e e n 1837
a n d 1849.
Employment o p p o r t u n i t i e s encouraged
French-Canadian m i g r a t i o n .
By 1870, New
E n g l a n d c o t t o n m i l l s e m p l o y e d 7,000 F r a n c o A m e r i c a n s . ( 2 1 ) By 1873, o v e r 200,000
F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s r e s i d e d i n New E n g l a n d . ( 2 2 )
The c e n s u s o f 1880 c o m p o r e d t h e n u m b e r
o f I r i s h - A m e r i c a n s , French-Canadians, and
" n a t i v e - A m e r i c a n s " employed i n t h e t e x t i l e
m i l l s o f M a s s a c h u s e t t s a n d Rhode I s l a n d :
(23)
Rhode I s l a n d :
Massachusetts:
15 .O%
Irish-Americans
Canadians
"Native-Americans"
21.7%
46.3%
Irish-Americans
Canadians
"Native-Americans"
19.3%
20.4%
44.2%
As t h e F r a n c o - A m e r i c o n p o p u l a t i o n e x panded, F r anco-Amer i c a n s g r a d u a l 1 y r e p l a c e d
n a t i v e s t o c k c o t t o n hands.
By 1900, o v e r a
h a l f - m i l l i o n F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s made New E n g l a n d t h e i r home a n d 60,000 o f t h e s e w o r k e d
i n c o t t o n m i l l s . ( 2 4 ) F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s made
u p 4 0 % o f t h e c o t t o n m i l l h a n d s i n Rhode I s l a n d i n 1900 compored t o t h e I r i s h - A m e r i c o n
s h a r e o f 20%. ( 2 5 ) By 1909, t h e m a j o r i t y o f
F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s i n New E n g l a n d w o r k e d i n
t h e c o t t o n and woolen m i l l s . ( 2 6 )
Franco-Americans s u f f e r e d r e a l opposit i o n from the Irish-American m i l l workers
i n t h e t e x t i l e c e n t e r s o f New E n g l a n d a s t h e
F r e n c h - C a n a d i a n i m m i g r a t i o n i n t e n s i f i e d and
Franco-Americans competed w i t h I r i s h Americans f o r j o b s . ( 2 7 ) I r i s h - A m e r i c a n s det e s t e d Franco-Americans f o r t h e i r w i l l i n g n e s s t o work h a r d e r and l o n g e r f o r l o w e r
wages. ( 2 8 ) F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s d i d n o t c o n c e r n t h e m s e l v e s w i t h l a b o r c o n d i t i o n s and
they quickly submitted t o the orders of
t h e i r m i l l b o s s e s much t o t h e d i s g u s t o f t h e
Irish-American laborers. (29) Irish-Americans
p r o t e s t e d t h a t Franco-Americans sent t h e i r
e n t i r e f a m i l i e s of young c h i l d r e n i n t o t h e
m i l l s , t a k i n g j o b s from I r i s h - A m e r i c a n m i l l
w o r k e r s . ( 3 0 ) Franco-Americans a n t a g o n i z e d
t h e Irish-Americans through t h e i r w i l l i n g n e s s
t o be u s e d a s o s o u r c e of " s c a b s , " s t r i k e
breakers. ( 3 1 )
E v i d e n c e p r e s e n t e d a t t h e h e a r i n g of t h e
M a s s a c h u s e t t s Bureau of Labor S t a t i s t i c s i n
1880 a c c u s e d F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s of f l a g r a n t
v i o l a t i o n s of l a b o r l a w s . C a r o l D . W r i g h t ,
t h e M a s s a c h u s e t t s S u p e r i n t e n d e n t of Labor
S t a t i s t i c s , l a s h e d o u t a t Franco-American
workers: ( 3 2 )
" . . . t h e y hove no c o n s i d e r a t i o n s f o r o u r c i v i c , p o l i t i c a l and e d u c a t i o n a l i n s t i t u t i o n s .
They do n o t come h e r e t o e s t a b l i s h thems e l v e s among u s , t o become o u r f e l l o w c i t i zens.
T h e i r g o a l i s t o r e t u r n t o Conada
o n c e t h e y have made enough money h e r e and
invest their profit.
They r a r e l y become
naturalized citizens.
They do n o t s e n d
t h e i r c h i l d r e n t o s c h o o l i f t h e y can g e t
away w i t h i t . They p i l e them i n t o t h e f a c t o r i e s a t on e a r l y a g e .
They l i e a b o u t t h e i r
c h i l d r e n ' s oges . . . "
Wright c l a s s i f i e d t h e Franco-Americans a s t h e
" C h i n e s e of t h e E a s t e r n S t a t e s , " and i n s i n u a t e d t h a t t h e i r o n l y good t r a i t wos t h e f a c t
t h a t F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s made good w o r k e r s . ( 3 3 )
A s v i c t i m s of h o r a s s m e n t and h o s t i l i t y
b e c a u s e of economic d i f f e r e n c e s , t h e F r a n c o Americans s o u g h t t o r e t a i n t h e i r m a t e r n a l
t o n g u e and C a t h o l i c f a i t h .
Few F r a n c o Americans i n t e n d e d t o g i v e up what t r o d i t i o n c o n s i d e r e d s a c r e d . They a r r i v e d i n New
E n g l a n d a t a t i m e when I r i s h - A m e r i c a n s d o m i n a t e d t h e A m e r i c a n C a t h o l i c C h u r c h a n d monop o l i z e d i t s leadership from the diocesan t o
p a r i s h l e v e l s . ( 3 4 ) The l a c k o f F r a n c o A m e r i c a n p r i e s t s f o r c e d t h e m t o d e p e n d on
t h e I r i s h - A m e r i c a n c l e r g y f o r g u i d a n c e and
s p i r i t u a l leadership.
Although they could
n o t u n d e r s t a n d t h e E n g l i s h sermons and songs,
t h e y crowded i n t o churches b u i l t e a r l i e r w i t h
I r i s h - A m e r i c a n monies.
Franco-Americans'
found i t d i f f i c u l t t o support the I r i s h American churches w i t h e a r n i n g s t h a t o f t e n
a m o u n t e d t o a m e r e $ 4 a week f o r s i x d a y s o f
This resulted i n the
"dawn t o d u s k l a b o r . "
Franco-Americans becoming u n p o p u l a r w i t h t h e
I r i s h - A m e r i c a n c l e r g y who s o o f t e n became
i n s e n s i t i v e t o Franco-American s u s c e p t i b i l i t i e s . (35)
F r o n c o - A m e r i c a n C a t h o l i c s assumed I r i s h
A m e r i c a n p r i e s t s w a n t e d n o t h i n g more t h a n
t h e i r hard-earned d o l l a r s .
Irish-American
p r i e s t s , on t h e o t h e r h a n d , c a t e g o r i z e d t h e
F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n C a t h o l i c s as " p o o r Cat h o l i c s " because t h e y were eager enough t o
g e t d o l l a r s b u t most r e l u c t a n t t o g i v e them
i n s u p p o r t o f t h e c h u r c h . ( 3 6 ) As t h e r e l a t i o n b e t w e e n I r i s h - A m e r i c a n and F r a n c o A m e r i c a n C a t h o l i c s weakened, F r a n c o A m e r i c a n s became v i c t i m s o f t h e I r i s h American harassment. ( 3 7 )
I n s i s t i n g that the preservation of the
m a t e r n a l t o n g u e was o p o w e r f u l g u a r d i a n o f
t h e i r f a i t h , F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s demanded s e p a r a t e p a r i s h e s as soon as t h e y were a b l e t o
s u p p o r t them. ( 3 8 ) They m a i n t a i n e d t h a t
t h e i r n a t i v e tongue b o l s t e r e d t h e i r f a i t h
a n d made t h e m b e t t e r C a t h o l i c s . ( 3 9 )
F i r m l y convinced t h a t n a t i o n a l parishes
w o u l d h e l p them p r e s e r v e t h e c h e r i s h e d t r a d i t i o n s of t h e i r ancestors, Franco-Americans
o r g a n i z e d t h e i r f i r s t n a t i o n a l p a r i s h i n New
E n g l a n d i n R u t l a n d , Vermont, i n 1850. ( 4 0 )
L a t e r , F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s f o u n d e d t h e i r own
p a r i s h e s i n Rhode I s l a n d b u t n o t w i t h o u t
interference from the Irish-American bishop.
When F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s i n C e n t r a l F a l l s , Rhode
Island, sought permission t o e s t a b l i s h t h e i r
own p a r i s h i n 1872, B i s h o p Thomas F . H e n d r i ken delayed t h e i r request f o r over a year.
He i n s i s t e d t h a t t h e F r o n c o - A m e r i c a n s c o u l d
not support a p r i e s t .
The F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s
p r o v e d t h e b i s h o p wrong.
The p a r i s h o f
Notre-Dame du S a c r g Coeur (Our Lady o f t h e
Sacred H e a r t ) developed i n t o a w e l l organi z e d and p r o s p e r o u s p a r i s h b y 1875. ( 4 1 )
B i s h o p Hendriken answered f u r t h e r FrancoAmerican r e q u e s t s by i n s i s t i n g t h a t t h e r e
was n o n e e d f o r m o r e F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n p a rishes.
The I r i s h - A m e r i c a n b i s h o p p r e d i c t e d
t h o t n o t a w o r d o f F r e n c h w o u l d be s p o k e n i n
t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s among t h e d e s c e n d a n t s o f
t h e f i r s t French-Canadian immigran t s .
The
Fronco-Americans took Bishop Hendriken's r e marks as a t h r e a t t o t h e p r e s e r v o t i o n o f
t h e i r culture. (42)
Responding t o t h e e v e r - i n c r e a s i n g t h r e a t
o f A m e r i c a n i z a t i o n , Edmond d e N e v e r s , i n h i s
book, LIAme A m g r i c a i n e ( T h e A m e r i c a n S o u l ) ,
c l a s s i ~ i e dt h e I r i s h - A m e r i c a n c l e r g y a s " . . .
t h e w o r s t enemy o f t h e F r e n c h C a t h o l i c s . "
( 4 3 ) As t h e i n t e r - e t h n i c t e n s i o n h e i g h t e n e d ,
one Franco-American p r i e s t wondered whether
God was g o i n g t o s e p a r a t e t h e I r i s h Americans f r o m t h e Franco-Americans i n heaven. (44) A Franco-American j o k e o f t h e
1890's r e l a t e d t h e s t o r y o f a Franco-American
who c o n f e s s e d t o a F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n p r i e s t
t h a t he h a d j u s t k i l l e d a n I r i s h m a n .
The
p r i e s t r e a c t e d by a s k i n g t h e p e n i t e n t t o
begin h i s confession w i t h h i s mortal sins
(45)
Franco-Americans i n s i s t e d t h a t the teaching o f French i n the schools along with
s p e a k i n g F r e n c h i n t h e home a n d c h u r c h i n sured the preservation o f the French l a n g u a g e i n New E n g l a n d w h e r e E n g l i s h p r e v a i l e d . ( 4 6 ) They a c c e p t e d t h a t t h e C a t h o l i c
C h u r c h f o r b a d e them t o send t h e i r c h i l d r e n
t o P r o t e s t a n t o r p u b l i c s c h o o l s i f t h e r e was
a Catholic school available.
Reverend Charl e s D a u r a y , p a s t o r o f P r g c i e u x Sang P a r i s h ,
i n W o o n s o c k e t , Rhode I s l a n d , m a i n t a i n e d t h a t
Franco-American
p a r i s h schools kept the
young t r u e t o t h e b e s t t r a d i t i o n s o f t h e i r
r a c e . ( 4 7 ) Dauray founded one o f t h e f i r s t
F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s c h o o l s i n New E n g l a n d i n
W o o n s o c k e t i n 1884, c a l l i n g u p o n t h e a s s i s t a n c e o f s i x n u n s f r o m Quebec. A tempor a r y s c h o o l i n t h e basement o f t h e c h u r c h
o p e n e d i t s d o o r s t o 236 y o u n g s t e r i n 1885.
(48 )
By 1908, 3 , 3 2 2 s t u d e n t s a t t e n d e d
F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s c h o o l s i n F a l l R i v e r , Mass a c h u s e t t s , c o m p a r e d t o o n l y 1,694 a t t e n d i n g p u b l i c schools. (49)
I n t h e same y e a r ,
9 2 3 s t u d e n t s were e n r o l l e d i n FrancoA m e r i c a n p a r i s h s c h o o l s i n M a n c h e s t e r , New
Hampshire, w h i l e o n l y 589 F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n
students attended p u b l i c schools there. (50)
And H a v e r h i l l , M a s s a c h u s e t t s , b o a s t e d 6 9 6
Franco-Americans a t t e n d i n g p a r i s h schools
a s o p p o s e d t o 245 F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s e n r o l l e d
i n p u b l i c schools. (51)
O f t h e 22 F r a n c o A m e r i c a n p a r i s h e s i n Rhode I s l a n d , o n l y t w o
had n o p a r i s h s c h o o l
t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t of
c h u r c h e s and s c h o o l s ,
would have l o s t b o t h
ligion to the forces
(53)
i n 1923. ( 5 2 ) Without
Franco-American p a r i s h
t h e Franco-Americans
t h e i r l a n g u a g e and r e of A m e r i c a n i z a t i o n .
With t h e i r p a r i s h c h u r c h e s and s c h o o l s
w e l l o r g a n i z e d , Franco-Americans concen t r o t e d on e s t a b l i s h i n g s t r o n g p a r i s h o r g a n i z o tions.
They i n s i s t e d t h a t t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t
of t h e s e p o r i s h groups f u r t h e r i n s u r e d t h e
m a i n t e n a n c e of F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n e t h n i c i t y .
( 5 4 ) Franco-Americans i n W o r c e s t e r , Massac h u s e t t s , e s t a b l i s h e d s o c i e t i e s and p a r i s h
o r g a n i z a t i o n s t o c a r e f o r t h e i r n e e d s by
1872. ( 5 5 )
Franco-Americans i n Woonsocket founded
La S o c i G t C S a i n t J e a n - B a p t i s t e ( S a i n t J o h n
t h e B a p t i s t S o c i e t y ) i n 1886 t o i n s u r e t h e
p r e s e r v a t i o n of t h e i r F r e n c h l a n g u a g e a n d
traditions.
O r g a n i z e d by t h e men o f P r & c i e u x S a n g ( P r e c i o u s B l o o d ) P a r i s h , La
S o c i 6 t 6 S a i n t J e a n - B a p t i s t e became t h e
f i r s t Franco-American s o c i e t y t o s e r v e t h e
3,400 Fronco-Americans i n Woonsocket. ( 5 7 )
B y 1887, 1 6 2 Franco-American s o c i e t i e s
w i t h a m e m b e r s h i p o f 2 4 , 5 0 6 o p e r a t e d i n New
England.
The number o f s o c i e t i e s i n c r e a s e d
t o 2 5 2 w i t h 3 8 , 119 members i n 1 8 9 1 . ( 5 8 )
The Union S a i n t J e o n - B a p t i s t e o p e n e d
i t s d o o r s i n 1900.
I t p r o v i d e d s i c k benef i t s and i n s u r a n c e p r o t e c t i o n f o r t h e F r a n c o American p o p u l a t i o n of Woonsocket which, a t
t h a t t i m e , t o t a l e d h a l f of t h e c i t y ' s population.
I t a l s o c a r e d f o r t h e aged and p r o vided s c h o l a r s h i p s f o r Fronco-American s t u dents. (59)
The O r d r e d e s F o r e s t i e r s f r a n c o amgricains (Order o f Franco-American F o r e s t e r s ) was o r g a n i z e d i n 1905 when 25,000 F r a n c o
Americans withdrew f r o m t h e American Associat i o n o f F o r e s t e r s f o l l o w i n g t h e onnouncement
t h a t E n g l i s h w o u l d be u s e d a t a l l F o r e s t e r
m e e t i n g s . ( 6 0 ) F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n women u n i t e d
and o r g a n i z e d s o c i e t i e s b y t h e t u r n o f t h e
I n Woonsocket, t h e C o n s e i l M a r i e
century.
(Mary C o u n c i l ) sponsored e v e n t s f o r t h e young
i n t h e community. ( 6 1 )
Committed t o t h e p r e s e r v a t i o n o f Franco-American i n s t i t u t i o n s , o
group founded t h e Ordre des C r o i s C s (Order
Often c a n d the
o f C r u s a d e r s ) i n 1920.
Franco-American " K n i g h t s o f Columbus," t h i s
organization stood u n i t e d against diocesan
c o n t r o l over Franco-American p a r i s h schools.
(62)
The F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n p r e s s , d e d i c a t e d t o
t h e p r e s e r v a t i o n o f t h e French language,
c o n s i s t e d o f f o u r d a i l i e s i n New E n g l a n d b y
1898, t h e o l d e s t b e i n g a L o w e l l , M a s s a c h u s e t t s , d a i l y f o u n d e d i n 1886.
By 1911, t h e
n u m b e r o f F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n d a i l i e s i n New
E n g l a n d had r i s e n t o 7.
Franco-American
editors f i r m l y believed i n the establishment
o f F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s o c i e t i e s and o r g a n i z a tions.
I n a d d i t i o n , t h e y s t r o n g l y defended
t h e t e a c h i n g and u s e o f F r e n c h i n F r a n c o American p a r i s h s c h o o l s . ( 6 3 )
C o n f l i c t s e r u p t e d between FrancoA m e r i c a n ond I r i s h - A m e r i c a n C a t h o l i c s as
soon a s d i o c e s a n o f f i c i a l s g r a n t e d p e r m i s s i o n t o e s t a b l i s h Franco-American n a t i o n a l parishes.
The I r i s h - A m e r i c a n h i e r a r c h y
o f t h e American C a t h o l i c Church sought oss i m i l o t i o n w h i l e t h e Franco-Americans de-
manded c o n s e r v a t i o n o f t h e i r h e r i t a g e i n
n a t i o n a l p a r i s h e s under the d i r e c t i o n o f
Conp r i e s t s o f t h e i r e t h n i c background.
f l i c t s f l a r e d over the n a t i o n a l p a r i s h
q u e s t i o n i n F a l l R i v e r i n 1884-85; i n
D a n i e l s o n , C o n n e c t i c u t , 1892-96, and i n
B r o o k f i e l d , M a s s a c h u s e t t s , i n 1899. ( 6 4 )
I n a d d i t i o n , Franco-Americans r e s i s t e d
t h e American system o f c h u r c h support, a
system d i f f e r e n t f r o m t h e French-Canadian
s y s t e m w h i c h g u a r a n t e e d t h e p a s t o r s ond
p a r i s h e s r e g u l a r i n c o m e b a s e d on t h e v a l u e
o f t h e p r o p e r t y owned b y t h e p a r i s h i o n e r s .
Franco-Americans supported t h e American
i d e a o f pew r e n t b u t c o n s i d e r e d t h e I r i s h
c l e r g y t o be b e g g a r s because o f t h e i r n e v e r
e n d i n g c o l l e c t i o n s and d r i v e s . ( 6 5 )
T e n s i o n s h e i g h t e n e d i n F a l l R i v e r as
Reverend P i e r r e J e a n - B o p t i s t e B6dard, p a s t o r
d
-e s ( O u r L a d y o f L o u r o f N o t r e Done d e L o u r.
d e s ~ r i s l i ,r e f u s e d t o a c c e p t a n I r i s h American a s s i s t o n t t o c a r e f o r t h e needs o f
the Irish-American children attending h i s
Franco-American p a r i s h schoool.
His refus a l d i d n o t go w e l l w i t h h i s r e l i g i o u s s u p e r v i s o r a n d s u p e r i o r , B i s h o p Thomas F .
H e n d r i k e n o f P r o v i d e n c e . ( 6 6 ) The b i s h o p ' s
sympathy f o r t h e Franco-Americans eroded.
F o l l o w i n g t h e d e a t h o f Reverend 8edard i n
1884, B i s h o p H e n d r i k e n r e j e c t e d o r e q u e s t b y
p a r i s h i o n e r s c a l l i n g f o r a French p a s t o r .
The b i s h o p m o i n t a i n e d t h a t t h e F r o n c o A m e r i c a n s had n o j u s t i f i c a t i o n i n demanding
a French p r i e s t since everyone i n the Fronco
A m e r i c a n p a r i s h w o u l d be s p e a k i n g E n g l i s h
w i t h i n ten years.
The b i s h o p ' s a p p o i n t m e n t
o f an I r i s h - A m e r i c a n p a s t o r t o Our L a d y o f
Lourdes l e f t t h e two Franco-American par i s h e s a n d t h e i r 14,000 p a r i s h i o n e r s w i t h out a French pastor.
The F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s
r e t a l i a t e d b y s t a y i n g away f r o m t h e i r c h u r c h .
The b i s h o p p l a c e d t h e c h u r c h u n d e r i n t e r d i c t
and o r d e r e d t h e Blessed Sacrament removed.
The c o n f l i c t d r a g g e d on f o r t h r e e y e a r s d u r i n g which time three Irish-Americans served
as p a s t o r s .
Peace f i n a l l y r e t u r n e d w i t h t h e
assignment o f o Franco-American p a s t o r i n
1886 ( 6 7 )
,
The ~ o c i d t ; F r a n c o - ~ m g r i c o i n e d u D e n i e r
de S a i n t P i e r r e (Franco-American S o c i e t y o f
P e t e r ' s P e n c e ) , a t i t s c o n v e n t i o n i n Woons o c k e t i n J u l y o f 1906, c a l l e d f o r t h e s e c u r i n g o f F r e n c h p r i e s t s and b i s h o p s i n t h e
C a t h o l i c d i o c e s e s o f New E n g l a n d .
One p r o m i n e n t member a r g u e d t h a t , a l t h o u g h t h e
Franco-Americans c o n s t i t u t e d a m a j o r i t y o f
p a r i s h i o n e r s i n many p a r i s h e s a n d i n some
d i o c e s e s o f New E n g l a n d , f e w F r e n c h p r i e s t s
c o u l d be f o u n d i n t h e s i x - s t a t e r e g i o n . ( 6 8 )
Over 30,000 F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s f r o m
s e v e r a l s t a t e s swarmed t o W o o n s o c k e t on
S e p t e m b e r 25, 1 9 0 6 , t o a t t e n d a c o n v e n t i o n
of t h e Union S a i n t Jean-Baptiste (Union o f
S a i n t J o h n t h e B a p t i s t ) . ( 6 9 ) Members o f t h e
A s s o c i a t i o n des J o u r n a l i s t e s FrancoA m C r i c a i n s de l o N o u v e l l e A n g l e t e r r e (Assoc i a t i o n o f tranco-American- J o u r n a l i s t s o f
New E n g l o n d ) , who a t t e n d e d t h e c o n v e n t i o n ,
v o t e d t o a d o p t a new s e t o f r e s o l u t i o n s .
The F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n j o u r n a l i s t s r a l l i e d b e h i n d the c a l l f o r p r e s e r v i n g the mother tongue and m a i n t a i n i n g F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s c h o o l s
i n w h i c h F r e n c h a n d E n g l i s h w e r e t a u g h t on
on e q u a l b a s i s .
I n addition, the resolu-
t i o n s demanded t h a t t h e Holy S e e a p p o i n t
F r e n c h - s p e a k i n g b i s h o p s i n a r e a s where
Franco-Americans predominated and t h a t
F r e n c h - s p e a k i n g p r i e s t s be a p p o i n t e d t o a l l
Franco-American p a r i s h e s .
The j o u r n a l i s t s
u r g e d t h e Franco-Americans t o a l l y thems e l v e s w i t h t h e i r s o c i e t i e s which odvocated
t h e p r e s e r v a t i o n of t h e mother tongue and
religion.
In a d d i t i o n , t h e d e l e g a t e s
sought t h e s u p p o r t of t h e Franco-American
press. (70)
J . L . K . Laflamme of W o o n s o c k e t , p r e s i d e n t o f t h e A s s o c i a t i o n of F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n
J o u r n o l i s t s , d e c l a r e d , " . . . t h e knowledge
o f t w o l a n g u a g e s i s a mark o f s u p e r i o r i t y
r a t h e r t h a n o n e of h o s t i l i t y t o w a r d s a r e p u b l i c . " ( 7 1) C o n v e n t i o n l e a d e r s i n f o r m e d
t h e Franco-Americans a t t e n d i n g t h e convent i o n t h a t t h e r e s o l u t i o n s a d o p t e d by t h e
A s s o c i a t i o n w o u l d be f o r w a r d e d t o t h e P o p e .
T h i s announcement r e s u l t e d i n a t u m u l t u o u s
a p p l a u s e by t h e h u g e d e l e g a t i o n o f F r a n c o
Americans i n t h e a u d i e n c e . ( 7 2 )
P r o v i d e n c e Bishop Matthew H a r k i n s ,
an I r i s h - A m e r i c a n , who was s c h e d u l e d t o
o f f i c i a t e a t t h e c o n v e n t i o n ' s mass, demanded
a c o p y o f t h e e d i t o r s ' r e s o l u t i o n s upon a r r i v i n g i n Woonsocket.
I n s i s t i n g t h a t no
m e n t i o n had b e e n made p r i o r t o h i s a r r i v a l
t h a t t h e " n a t i o n 0 1 q u e s t i o n " would be d i s c u s s e d by t h e d e l e g a t e s , t h e b i s h o p d e m a n d e d
an e x p l a n a t i o n f r o m F r . C h a g n o n , c h a p l a i n
of L ' U n i o n .
F a t h e r Chagnon e x p l a i n e d ,
T h e s e r e s o l u t i o n s a r e a n e x p r e s s i o n of t h e
i n t i m a t e sen timen t s of a l l Franco-American
c l e r g y and l a i t y i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s . "
Following t h e d e l i v e r y of a " s c a t h i n g l e c -
"...
t u r e " t o t h e Franco-American p r i e s t s i n a t tendance, B i s h o p H a r k i n s removed h i s s a c r e d
v e s t m e n t s and b o a r d e d t h e n e x t t r a i n t o P r o vidence. (73)
The i n c i d e n t i n W o o n s o c k e t r a i s e d " a
s t o r m o f i n d i g n a t i o n " and anger swept Franco
American C a t h o l i c s and r e l i g i o u s a u t h o r i t i e s .
Franco-American j o u r n a l i s t s responded t o
Bishop Harkins by i n s i s t i n g t h a t they o n l y
wanted t o d e f e n d themselves a g a i n s t t h e i r
adversaries.
The F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s c l a i m e d
t h a t these adversories advocated t h e d i s appearance o f t h e Franco-American r a c e and
t h a t t h e o s s i m i l o t o r s had
set out t o
achieve t h i s g o a l w i t h a concerted p l a n . (74)
J . L . K . Loflamme, t h e e d i t o r o f La Tribune, W o o n s o c k e t ' s F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n newsE r , reported
" . . . W e h o v e b e g u n on o g i t a t i o n i n
t h e cause o f o u r n a t u r a l e x i s t e n c e ,
f o r the preservoticn o f our r i g h t s ,
o f o u r language and o f o u r r e l i g i o n .
Too l o n g h a v e we r e m a i n e d s u p i n e l y
s i l e n t i n t h e presence o f t h e ass a u l t s o f t h o s e who w o u l d l i k e t o
S a x o n i z e u s . . . t o o l o n g h a v e we r e m a i n e d i n a c t i v e when o u r p r i v i l e g e s ,
won a n d c o n s e r v e d a t t h e p r i c e o f
many s o c r i f i c e s , h o v e b e e n a t t a c k e d
and c u r t a i l e d . " ( 7 5 )
Laflomme
argued t h a t Fronco-Americans cons t i t u t e d a m a j o r i t y o f C a t h o l i c s i n New E n g l o n d , y e t t h e C h u r c h h i e r a r c h y i n s i s t e d on
f i l l i n g t h e seat o f t h e archbishop o f Boston
w i t h an I r i s h p r i e s t , i m p o r t e d f r o m o u t s i d e
the diocese.
He c r i t i c i z e d t h e a p p o i n t m e n t
o f on I r i s h - A m e r i c a n b i s h o p i n h i a i n e , an
area w i t h a s u b s t a n t i a l Franco-American
population.
Loflamme i n s i s t e d t h a t F r a n c a
Americans be p e r m i t t e d t o " p r a c t i c e t h e i r
r e l i g i o n i n t h e d i o c e s e o f New E n g l a n d , i n
t h e c h u r c h e s F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n money b u i l t , i n
t h e language o f t h e i r f a t h e r s . " (76)
T e n s i o n s b e t w e e n F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n Cat h o l i c s and I r i s h - A m e r i c a n C o t h c l i c s t e n d e d
t o simmer f o l l o w i n g t h e i n t e r - e t h n i c c l a s h
i n W o o n s o c k e t i n 1906; b u t , some u n r e s t a n d
desention surfaced occasionally.
I n 1900,
t h e Fronco-Americon s i s t e r s o f PrCcieux
Sang ( P r e c i o u s B l o o d ) P a r i s h o p p l i e d t o
Bishop Harkins f o r permission t o operate
a boarding school f o r Franco-American g i r l s .
More t h a n a y e a r e l a p s e d b e f o r e t h e b i s h o p
a p p r o v e d t h e p l a n a n d p a r i s h i o n e r s became
upset w i t h the delay i n the s i s t e r s ' plan.
(77)
D r . A l b e r t Maynard o f L e w i s t o n , Maine,
who e a r l i e r h a d b e e n p l a c e d u n d e r i n t e r d i c t i o n by h i s b i s h o p , caused o commotion
a t t h e U n i o n S a i n t J e a n --B a p t i s t e ( S a i n t
J o h n t h e B a p t i s t U n i o ~ c o n v e n t i o ni n P r o v i d e n c e , Rhode I s l a n d , i n 1 9 1 1 .
Maynard d i s t r i b u t e d c o p i e s o f t h e c o n t r o v e r s i a l pamphl e t , L a B'eche ( T h e S p a d e ) , among t h e d e l e gates.
The p a m p h l e t a t t a c k e d t h e I r i s h
A m e r i c a n b i s h o p s o f New E n g l a n d a n d r i d i c u l e d and lampooned t h e I r i s h - A m e r i c a n
clergy. (78)
--
Franco-American tempers f l a r e d a t
S a i n t e Anne ( S o i n t A n n ) P a r i s h i n W o o n s o c k e t
i n M a r c h OF 1 9 1 4 .
P a s t o r NapolCon L e c l r r c
s e r v e d 1,300 F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n f a m i l i e s o f t h e
s i n c e i t s f o u n d i n g i n 1890 u n t i l h i s d e a t h
i n 1914.
A l l curates assigned t o Sainte
Anne ( S a i n t A n n ) P a r i s h , t h e s e c o n d e s t
F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n p a r i s h i n Woonsocket, had
been o f F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n a n c e s t r y . ( 7 9 )
Having heard remors t h a t I r i s h American
B i s h o p H a r k i n s had a s s i g n e d f i v e
Belgian
F r e n c h M o r i s t p r i e s t s t o S a i n t e Anne ( S a i n t
Ann) P a r i s h , t h e t r u s t e e s o f t h e p a r i s h subm i t t e d a p e t i t i o n t o the bishop.
The p e t i t i o n e r s pleaded w i t h Bishop Harkins t o r e c o n s i d e r and n o t send t h e E a r i s t s t o S a i n t e
Anne ( S a i n t A n n ) P a r i s h . ( 8 0 ) The t r u s t e e s
demanded F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n p r i e s t s b e a s s i g n e d because a l m o s t t h e e n t i r e p a r i s h cons i s t e d o f Franco-Americans.
The p e t i t i o n e r s
i n s i s t e d t h a t t h e p a r i s h i o n e r s needed t h e
guidance o f a Franco-Americon p r i e s t , j u s t
a s t h e i r a n c e s t o r s h a d . The F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n
t r u s t e e s orgued t h a t a Franco-American
p r i e s t knew F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n c u l t u r e a n d
shared a " s p e c i a l l o v e " w i t h t h e p a r i s h i o n e r s through h i s Franco-American h l o o d
relationship.
The p e t i t i o n i n c l u d e d t h e
names o f 2 3 p r o m i n e n t F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n p a r i s h i o n e r s and t r u s t e e s i n c l u d i n g : Alphonse
G o u l i n , a member o f t h e f a m i l y who d o n a t e d
land used t o c o n s t r u c t the church; three
Franco-American d o c t o r s ; P h i l i p p e Boucher,
e d i t o r o f La T r i b u n e , and J u d g e ' t l p h e g e
D a i g n au 1t
. m T
The F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n p r e s s r a l l i e d t o
t h e a s s i s t a n c e o f t h e t r u s t e e s a s d i d some
I t was
p a t r i o t i c Franco-American p r i e s t s .
t h e s e p r i e s t s who s u g g e s t e d t h a t E l p h e g e
Daignault, a p a r i s h trustee, place a guard
a t t h e r e c t o r y t o p r e v e n t a t a k e c v e r by
t h e M a r i s t s . ( 8 2 ) A l o r g e number of p a r i s h i o n e r s , some of them armed w i t h p i s t o l s ,
a n s w e r e d D o i g n a u l t ' s c a l l f o r o g u a r d and
surrounded the r e c t o r y f o r n e a r l y t h r e e
weeks. ( 8 3 )
Over 700 F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n men and b o y s
stood guard a t t h e r e c t o r y t o prevent t h e
M a r i s t s from e n t e r i n g i t .
The whole F r a n c o
Americon S o c i a l D i s t r i c t s t i r r e d w i t h r e s t l e s s n e s s , and c r o w d s of up t o 1 , 0 0 0 F r o n c o
A m e r i c a n s crowded Cumberland S t r e e t t o
w a t c h e v e n t s . ( 8 4 ) The F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n p a r i s h i o n e r s of S a i n t e Anne ( S a i n t A n n ) vowed
t o k e e p t h e M a r i s t s f r o m a s s u m i n g c o n t r o l of
t h e i r p r o s p e r o u s F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n p a r i s h . The
p a r i s h i o n e r s c l a i m e d F r o n c o - A m e r i c a n s were
the sole contributors t o the parish since
i t s f o u n d i n g and t h e i r w i s h e s f o r a F r a n c o
American p a s t o r s h o u l d be r e c o g n i z e d by
Bishop H o r k i n s . ( 8 5 )
R e a l i z i n g t h e s e r i o u s n e s s of t h e c r i s i s ,
B i s h o p H o r k i n s summoned t h e a s s i s t a n c e and
g u i d a n c e of a c l o s e f r i e n d , P a s t o r C h a r l e s
D a u r a y , of W o o n s o c k e t ' s P r g c i e u x Sang ( P r e c i o u s B l o o o d ) P a r i s h . F a t h e r Dauray warned
t h e b i s h o p t h a t a s e n s e of r e v o l t p r e v a i l e d
i n t h e h e a r t s of t h e F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s i n
Woonsocket.
F a t h e r Dauray f u r t h e r f e a r e d
t h a t a c t s of v i o l e n c e c o u l d f l a r e up a t any
t i m e . ( 8 6 ) L a t e r , F a t h e r Dumont, a n a s s i s t a n t a t S a i n t e Anne ( S a i n t A n n ) , met w i t h t h e
b i s h o p and c o n f i r m e d t h a t F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n
p a r i s h i o n e r s surrounded t h e r e c t o r y .
Father
G i r o u x , r e c t o r y of N o t r e Dame d e s ----Victoires
(Our Lady of v i c t o r = ~ ) , i n Woonsocket, d e s c r i b e d t h e s i t u a t i o n os
..alarming in every
r e s p e c t . " ( 8 7 ) In c o n f e r i n g w i t h B i s h o p Hark i n s , Rhode I s l a n d G o v e r n o r Aram J . P o t h i e r ,
".
a F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n f r o m Woonsocket, acknowl e d g e d t h a t t h e r e s t o r a t i o n o f peace
h i n g e d upon t h e w i t h d r a w a l o f t h e M a r i s t s
f r o m S a i n t e Anne ( S a i n t A n n ) . ( 8 8 )
F o l l o w i n g m o r e t h a n t h r e e weeks o f u n r e s t and t h r e a t s o f v i o l e n c e , B i s h o p E a r k i n s conceded t o t h e Fronco-Americans and
appointed Father Camille V i l l i a r d , a Franco
A m e r i c a n , a s p a s t o r o f S o i n t e Anne ( S a i n t
Ann). ( 8 9 ) According t o J. A l b e r t Foisy, i n
h i s S e n t i n e l l i s t A g i t o t i o n , Bishop H a r k i n ' s
s u b m i s s i o n t o t h F F r a n c o - A m e r i c o n demands
proved t o t h e Franco-Americans t h a t the
I r i s h - A m e r i c a n b i s h o p would y i e l d t o t h e i r
demands a s s o o n as t h e b i s h o p was c o n f r o n t e d
with a stout opposition. (90)
-
The h a r a s s m e n t o f Franco-Americans c o n t i n u e d ond c o n f l i c t s between F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n
and I r i s h - A m e r i c a n C a t h o l i c s f o l l o w e d t h e
I n November
S a i n t e Anne ,Saint Ann 1 c r i s i s .
o f 1922 when t h e I r i s h p a s t o r o f o c h u r c h i n
G r e e n f i e l d , Massachusetts, l e a r n e d t h a t
F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n members o f h i s p a r i s h s o u g h t
t o e s t o b l i s h t h e i r own F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n p a r i s h c h u r c h , he b l a s t e d t h e F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s
i n h i s Sunday sermon, " . . . W e d o n o t see any
need o f ony o t h e r c h u r c h b u t t h e E n g l i s h
speaking churches.. .There i s a t r a i n g o i n g
n o r t h ( t o C a n a d a ) t w i c e a d a y and i f you
A t the c h i l d o n ' t l i k e i t here, g e t on!"
d r e n ' s moss, t h e p a s t o r c h i d e d t h e m a n d
t h e i r porent s f o r i n s i s t i n g t h a t catechism
c l a s s e s be c o n d u c t e d i n F r e n c h
The I r i s h
American p a s t o r reminded t h e c h i l d r e n t h a t
t h e y were Americans and n o t h i n g e l s e . ( 9 1 )
" A m e r i c o n i r a t i o n f o r c e s " i n Rt-ode Isl a n d secured t h e passage o f t h e c o n t r o -
v e r s i a l P e c k Law i n 1 9 2 2 i n an o t t e m p t t o
make Rhode I s l a n d " l i t e r a t e i n E n g l i s h . " ( 9 2 )
The P e c k Law d e s i g n a t e d E n g l i s h a s t h e b a s i c
l a n g u o g e i n a l l Khode I s l a n d s c h o o l s . I n add i t i o n , t h e s t a t e assumed t h e s u p e r v i s o r y
and c e r t i f y i n g power o f p r i v a t e s c h o o l s ,
powers under l o c a l j u r i s d i c t i o n i n t h e p a s t .
F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s c o n s i d e r e d t h e P e c k Low a
t h r e a t t o t h e i r use o f F r e n c h i n t h e i r par i s h schools.
F r o n c o - A m e r i c a n s i n Woons o c k e t o g r e e d t h a t t h e P e c k Law v i o l a t e d t h e
p r i n c i p l e o f "home r u l e " a n d o f l o c a l s e l f
government. ( 9 4 ) Woonsocket's Fronco
Americans r e s i s t e d t h i s a t t e m p t t o Americani z e t h e i r p a r i s h s c h o o l s as t h e y o f f e r e d
s t r o n g o p p o s i t i o n t o I r i s h - A m e r i c a n dominat i o n i n church matters. (95)
The ~ r o i s g s(Crusaders), a F r a n c o American "secret s o c i e t y " d e d i c a t e d t o t h e
p r e s e r v a t i o n o f t h e French language, organi z e d i n W o o n s o c k e t i n 1 9 2 0 . Members i n c l u d e d
F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n l a i t y and c l e r g y i n t h e D i o cese o f Providence.
The C r o i s e s ( C r u s a d e r s )
went on r e c o r d as d i s o p p r o v i n g t h e c e n t r o l i z o t i o n o f s c h o o l systems os p r a c t i c e d by
As an o l t e r s t a t e and d i o c e s a n o f f i c i o l s .
native, the Croisgs (Crusaders) favored
p a r i s h school p r o j e c t s under the superv i s i o n of l o c a l p a r i s h groups. ( 9 6 )
Irish-Americon Bishop W i l l i a m A. Hickey,
s h o r t l y a f t e r h i s a p p o i n t m e n t as B i s h o p o f
P r o v i d e n c e i n 1921, a n n o u n c e d o $ 3 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0
d r i v e w h i c h i n c l u d e d $1,000,000
f o r t h e conThe
s t r u c t i o n o f diocesan h i a h schools.
Croisgs (Crusaders) r e j e c t e d the bishop's
i d e a o f d i o c e s a n - c o n t r o l l e d h i g h s c h o o l s and,
t h e i n c l u s i o n o f M o u n t S a i n t C h a r l e s i n Waons o c k e t i n s u c h a "zcherne" i n c r e a s e d t h e
t h e i r opposition t o the bishop's drive. ( 9 7 )
To f u r t h e r a g g r a v a t e t h e s i t u a t i o n , t h e
b i s h o p p l a c e d q u o t a s on e a c h p a r i s h i n t h e
diocese.
Bishop Hickey i n s i s t e d t h a t the
p a r i s h e s meet t h e s e q u o t a s o r u s e p a r i s h
monies t o supplement any unmet q u o t a s .
The
Fronco-Americans charged t h e bishop w i t h
s e t t i n g a " d a n g e r o u s p r e c e d e n t . " They i n s i s t e d t h a t t h e b i s h o p ' s demands w o u l d
l e a d t o t h e w e a k e n i n g and e v e n t u a l d e s t r u c t i o n o f Franco-American p a r i s h e s . ( 9 8 )
-
As t h e b i s h o p ' s d r i v e u n f o l d e d , t h e
F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s o c i e t i e s , t h e C r o i s C s and
Canados, s t e p p e d u p t h e i r c r i t i c i s m o f t h e
high school d r i v e .
They c o n t e n d e d t h a t ,
w i t h t h e i n c l u s i o n o f Mount S a i n t C h a r l e s
Academy i n t h e d i o c e s a n b u i l d i n g p l a n , i t
w o u l d become " a h o t b e d o f s i n i s t e r a s s i m i lation tricks."
The C r o i s g s a n d C a n a d o s
feared t h a t diocesan o f f i c i a l s planned t o
u s e F r a n c o - A m e r i c o n money t o a s s i m i l a t e
young Franco-American s t u d e n t s a t t e n d i n g
M o u n t S a i n t C h a r l e s Academy.
Furthermore,
the r e s i s t o r s claimed t h a t Bishop Hickey's
f u n d - r a i s i n g methods v i o l o t e d e c c l e s i a s t i c a l
and c i v i l l a w s . ( 9 9 )
The C r o i s g s , l e d b y E l p h e g e D a i g n a u l t
and D r . ~ o s p a r d B o u c h e r , e n v i s i o n e d hjount
S a i n t C h a r l e s Academy a s an " I r i s h i n s t i t u t i o n " c o n t r o l l e d by I r i s h - A m e r i c a n Bishop
Hickey. (100)
The C r o i s g s a t t a c k e d B r o t h e r
Josephus, t h e d i r e c t o r o f Mount S a i n t
C h a r l e s Academy, a n d b r a n d e d h i m an I r i s h
a s s i m i l a t o r b e c a u s e h i s f a m i l y name was
M c G a r r y . ( 101 ) F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s condemned
Bishop Hickey f o r c l o s i n g Father Beland's
Franco-American h i g h s c h o o l i n C e n t r a l F a l l s ,
Rhode I s l a n d , i n f a v o r o f c o n s o l i d a t i n g o p e r a t i o n s a t d i o c e s a n - c o n t r o l l e d Mount S a i n t
C h a r l e s Academy i n W o o n s o c k e t .
The C r o i s g s
charged the bishop w i t h prosecuting Father
B e l a n d and c l o s i n g h i s s c h o o l b e c a u s e he
s t o o d o u t a g a i n s t a l l "assimilatory d e signs."(102)
I n a d d i t i o n t o seeking support f o r the
h i g h s c h o o l d r i v e , B i s h o p H i c k e y demanded
f u n d s t o s d p p o r t t h e N a t i o o a l C a t h o l i c \4elf a r e Conference.
I n 1922, t h i s Conference
a d o p t e d a p l a t f o r m w h i c h e s t a b l i s h e d Engl i s h a s t h e l a n g u a g e t o b e u s e d i n e v e r y Cat h o l i c school i n the United States, i n the
teaching o f every subject except r e l i g i o n .
The C o n f e r e n c e s u p p o r t e d s c h o o l s y s t e m s
under t h e d i r e c t s u p e r v i s i o n o f bishops.
Members o f t h e C o n f e r e n c e n o t e d t h a t t h e
number o f " f o r e i g n l a n g u a g e C a t h o l i c s c h o o l s
s c h o o l s " had d e c r e a s e d and t h a t t h e s e w o u l d
e a s i l y be t r a n s f o r m e d i n t o F n g l i s h l a n g u a g e
schools i n a short time. (103) Franco
Americans r e a c t e d by c a t e g o r i z i n g t h e
N.C.W.C. a " d a n g e r o u s o g e n c y " e m p l o y e d b y
Irish-Americans t o achieve t h e i r long
d e s i r e d a s s i m i l a t i o n o f the Franco-Americans
by A m e r i c a n i z i n g Franco-American p a r i s h
schools.
They f e a r e d t h e e l i m i n a t i o n o f t h e
French language i n t h e i r p a r o c h i a l schools
w o u l d l e a d t o t h e A m e r i c a n i z a t i o n o f young
F r a n c o - A m e r i c a ~ s . ( 105)
The C r o i s 6 s p u b l i s h e d t h e i r f i r s t c o p y
o f L a S e n t i n e l l e on A p r i l 4, 1 9 2 4 , i n d i r e c t c o m p e t i t i o n w i t h L a T r i b u n e , t h e newspaper o f L L U n i o n n Hoonsocket, w h i c h supported E ? i X n c k e y i n the high school
d r i v e controversy. (106) I n i t s f i r s t edit i o n , the S e n t i n e l l i s t s noted t h a t Lo S e n t i p
-
n e l l e would watch over t h e i n t e r e s t s o f the
Franco-Americans ond work f o r t h e s u r v i v a l
o f t h e F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n r o c e . ( 1 0 7 ) The S e n t i n e l l i s t s , t h r o u g h t h e use of Lo S e n t i n e l l e ,
c o n c e n t r a t e d t h e i r a t t a c k on B i s h o p H i c k e y
i n t h e e x p l o s i v e M o u n t S o i n t C h a r l e s Academy
p r o j e c t controversy. (108)
As o r e s u l t o f B i s h o p H i c k e y ' s i n s i s t ence t h a t F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n p a r i s h e s meet u n k e p t q u o t o s i n t h e d i o c e s a n d r i v e s o f 19251927, t h e S e n t i n e l l i s t s d e c i d e d t o t o k e l e I n t h e s p r i n g o f 1927, s i x t y
gal oction.
Franco-Americans r e p r e s e n t i n g t e n Franco
Americon p a r i s h e s i n t h e Diocese o f P r o v i d e n c e , a p p e a l e d t o t h e Rhode I s l a n d S u p e r i o r
Court t o enjoin the parishes o f that diocese
t o r e f r o i n from obeying the " i l l i c i t orders
o f the bishop."
The S e n t i n e l l i s t s l o s t
t h e i r a p p e a l i n t h e s t a t e c o u r t and a p p e a l e d
t o Rome. ( 1 0 9 ) B i s h o p H i c k e y a d d e d f u e l t o
t h e f i r e o f t h e c r i s i s when h e s u s p e n d e d
Fother Prince, p a s t o r o f Woonsocket's S o i n t
L o u i s ( S o i n t L o u i s ) P a r i s h , a n d Father-.
G
d of Central F a l l s f o r t h e i r support o f
t h o s e who b r o u g h t s u i t o g o i n s t h i m .
He j u s t i f i e d t h e suspension o f t h e two p a s t o r s by
n o t i n g t h o t t h e i r p a r i s h e s made o p o o r
showing i n h i s l o s t campaign f o r C a t h o l i c
Charities i n the diocese.
With t h e susp e n s i o n , F a t h e r s P r i n c e a n d B e l a n d became
m a r t y r s o f t h e S e n t i n e l l i s t I'ovement t o t h e
Franco-American r e s i s t o r s . (110)
Elphege Doignault, the leader o f t h e
S e n t i n e l l i s t s , a t a r a l l y i n W o o n s a c k e t on
J u l y 25, 1927, t o l d a l a r g e g r o u p o f F r a n c o
Americans t h o t , " . . . a r a d i c a l change i s
needed i n t h e diocese, and t h i s con o n l y
come w i t h t h e r e m o v a l o f B i s h o p H i c k e y . "
In addition, the S e n t i n e l l i s t s called f o r
t h e preservation of n a t i o n a l parishes,
Franco-American p r i e s t s i n Franco-American
p a r i s h e s and p a r o c h i a l s c h o o l s where French
could be t a u g h t . (111)
Two d a y s l a t e r , D a i g n a u l t ' s g r o u p p r o claimed a Franco-American Manifesto.
I t
called f o r a general s t r i k e of Franco
American f i n a n c i a l s u p p o r t t o p a r i s h e s u n t i l
Bishop Hickey recognized t h e r i g h t of Franco
Americans t o have p a r o c h i a l schools with
French i n t h e classrooms.
The S e n t i n e l l i s t s
d ~ m a n d e da n e n d t o t h e b i s h o p ' s " p i l l a g i n g
o f p a r i s h f u n d s " f o r works of
.mere
secondary i n t e r e s t t o t h e Franco-American."
( 1 1 2 ) The s t r i k e by t h e S e n t i n e l l i s t s s u c c e e d e d , r e s u l t i n g i n some p r i e s t s b e c o m i n g
e m b i t t e r e d as money s t o p p e d f l o w i n g i n t o
Franco-American p a r i s h c o f f e r s .
Some F r a n c o
A m e r i c a n p r i e s t s r e f u s e d Communion t o
s t r i k e r s a t S u n d a y masses.
An a n t i - c l e r i c a l
f e e l i n g d e v e l o p e d among Franco-Americon Sen t i n e l l i s t s as t h e y b e l i e v e d t h e main i n t e r e s t
o f t h e p r i e s t s was m o n e y . ( 1 1 3 )
'I..
On E a s t e r S u n d a y , 1 9 2 8 , t h e Roman C a t h o l i c Church excommunicated Daignault and
t h e F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n p l a i n t i f f s who s u e d t h e
parish corporations in the civil courts.
( 1 1 4 ) C h u r c h o f f i c i a l s g a v e t h e excommunic a n t s a l i m i t o f o n e year t o s e e k r e h a b i l i t a t i o n and submit t o diocesan a u t h o r i t i e s ,
o r b e c o n s i d e r e d " h e r e t i c s " by t h e C a t h o l i c
Church. (115) Each of t h e s i x t y Franco
American excommunicants submitted t o t h e i r
p a r i s h p a s t o r s before t h e deadline estab l i s h e d by C h u r c h a u t h o r i t i e s .
With t h e
reading of t h e "Acts of Submission" i n t h e
c h u r c h e s , w i t h t h e F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n excommun i c o n t s presen:,
the Sentinellists returned
t o t h e i r c o m m u n i t y and t o t h e i r C h u r c h on
E a s t e r Sunday, 1 9 2 9 .
FOOTNOTES
1 . Ambrose K e n n e d y , -----Quebec t o New
E n g l a n d : The L i f e o f M o n s i g n o r C h a r l e s
D a u r a y ( B o s t o n , 1948), 123.
2.
L a T r i b u n e , J u l y 25, 1 9 2 5 .
A l b e r T F o i s y , The S e n t i n e l l i s t
3.
A g i t a t i o n i n New E n g l a n d , ( P r o v i d e n c e , 1 9 3 0 ) ,
v, 73 a n d 9 8 .
4.
F o i s y , The S e n t i n e l l i s t A g i t a t i o n
i n New E n g l a n d , 6 5 a n d 222, F o i s y p r e s e n t i n g
arguments m d d e by t h e S e n t i n e l l i s t s .
5.
B e s s i e W e s s e l , An A t h n i c S u r v e y o f
W o o n s o c k e t , Rhode I s l o n d 7 G i c a g o , 1 9 3 1 ) ,
222-223.
6.
Robert R u m i l l y , H i s t o i r e des
Franco-Amdric*
( H i s t o r y o f the Fronco
A m e r i c a n s ) ( M o n t r e a l , 1 9 5 8 ) , 436., R u m i l l y
quoting Father B i n e t t e o f L'Assumption
Church i n South Bellingham, Massachusetts,
J u n e 13. 1 9 2 8 .
7.
Ulysse Forget, La Paroisse S a i n t
J e a n B a p t i s t e d e W a r r e n , Rhode 1 s l a n d T f 6 e
P a r i s h o f S a i n t John t h e B a p t i s t o f Warren
Rhode I s l a n d ) ( M o n t r e a l , 1 9 5 2 ) , 1 8 1 - 1 8 2 .
8.
S i s t e r F l o r e n c e M a r i e C h e v a l i e r SSA
The F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s o f New E n g l a n d (Washi n g t o n , DC., 1972-r; ~ ~ 7 i e ~ i ? n e ~ g e t t ,
L'Agitation Sentinelliste (University of
~ o n t r e a l , 7 9 - 4 3 .
9.
Mason, Wade, The F r e n c h - C a n a d i a n
Q u t l o p k (New Y o r k , 1 9 4 X T 10.
Wade, The F r e n c h - C e i a n O u t l o o k ,
23-35, 4 0 - 4 3 ; A n t h o n y C o e l h o , The S e n t i C o n t r o v e r s y (Brown U n i v e r s i t y , 7 9 7 ?
-
-
--
--
As a c o n s e q u e n c e , t h e F r e n c h - C a n a d i a n s b e came i n o r d i n a t e l y s e n s i t i v e t o a n y t h r e a t
t o t h e i r cherished f a i t h , language, laws
and customs.
I n a d d i t i o n , t h e needs o f t h e
F r e n c h - C a n a d i a n s i n Canada were met b y t h e
Roman C a t h o l i c C h u r c h .
The C h u r c h c a r e d f o r
t h e s i c k and n e e d y and met t h e e d u c a t i o n a l
needs o f t h e French-Canadians by p r o v i d i n g
parochial schools.. IBID.
11.
F o i s y , The S e n t i n e l l i s t A g i t a t i o n ,
4; K e n n e d y , Q u e b e c t o New E n g l a n d , .521
12.
Helene Forget, L ' A g i t a t i o n S e n t i n e l l i s t e , 1.
13.
K e n n e d y , Quebec t o New E n g l a n d , 1 1 7 .
14.
I r i s S o u n d e r s P o d e a , "Quebec t o
L i t t l e C a n a d a , " The New E n g l a n d Q- u a _r t e Ir l y
1 9 5 0 , v o l . 23, p . 3 8 0 .
n
15.
F o i s y , The S e n t i n e l l i s t A & a t i o-i n New b l o n d , 2 .
16:
~
o to d
t h e c o n f u s i o n and m i s u n d e r s t a n d i n g between Franco-Americans and
I r i s h - A m e r i c a n s , many F r e n c h - C a n a d i a n s l o s t
t h e i r names i n m i g r o t i n g t o New E n g l a n d . Because o f t h e i r i n a b i l i t y t o w r i t e French o r
t o s p e a k E n g l i s h , names s u c h a s " C a i s y " b e came C a s e y ; " A r s e n a u l t " c h a n g e d t o Snow.
The a r r i v a l o f F r e n c h - s p e a k i n g p r i e s t s a n d
the establishment o f b i l i n g u a l schools i n
New E n g l o n d b l o t t e d o u t t h i s " c o r r u p t i o n o f
[Kennedy, Q u e b e c t o
names" i n t h e 1 8 6 0 ' s .
New E n g l a n d ,
109-110; M a r i e L o u i s e B o n i e r ,
D e b u t s de l a C o l o n i e F r a n c o - A m i r i c a i n e de
\ r l o o n s o c k e t , Rhode I s l a n d ( T h e B e g i n n i n g s o f
et.
t h e F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n C z n v o f W o o n- s- o- c k.
Rhode I s l a n d , 7 9 - 8 0 .
17.
Bonier, D eb ut sd
e l a Colonie Franco
A m e r i c a i n e d e W o o n-s-o c k e t , -.Rhode
Island, 87 -
-
--
---
--
-
--
--
~
91.
18.
Foisy,
i n New E n g l a n d ,
--
P
The S e n t i n e l l i s-t A g i t a t i o n
5.
19.
IBID, 5 .
U n t i l 1840, c o t t o n m i l l o p e r a t i v e s
20.
. i n New E n g l a n d came a l m o s t e x c l u s i v e l y f r o m
the "native country population" available
t o the manufacturing centers.
O f t h e 6,000
"honds" employed i n t h e c o t t o n m i l l s o f
- L o w e l l , M a s s a c h u s e t t s , i n 1834, 5 , 0 0 0 w e r e
y o u n g d a u g h t e r s o f New E n g l a n d f a r m e r s .
In
t h e 18401s, c o t t o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g expanded
- and m i l l owners f o u n d i t n e c e s s a r y t o draw
f r o m I r i s h and French-Canadian i m m i g r a n t s .
M a r c u s Lee Honsen and John B a r t l e t B r e b n e r .
The M i n l i n g o f t h e C a n a d i a n .
and American
w
e
*
Report,
21.
ew H a v e n , 1 9 4 0 ) , 163; E m i g r a t i o n
V o l . X, 2 9 - 3 0 .
Podea, " Q u e b e c t o L i t t l e C a n a d a , "
369.
22.
Worcester, Massachusetts, developed
i n t o t h e Franco-American c e n t e r o f t h e
U n i t e d S t a t e s b y 1873, w i t h g r e a t n u m b e r s o f
Franco-Americans w o r k i n g i n W o r c e s t e r ' s
m i l l s and t h o s e o f t h e s u r r o u n d i n g communities.
The C e n s u s o f 1875 d e s c r i b e d F a l l
R i v e r , lJfossachusetts, as o f l o u r i s h i n g
F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n community w i t h 5,000 F r a n c o
American i n h a b i t a n t s .
-I m m
. &ration Report,
V o l . X, 3 8 - 3 9 ; H a n s e n a n d B r e b n e r , The
PeoM i n g l i n g o f t h e C a n a d i a n and A m e r i c an -
-
--.
.pies, 1 6 3 ,
2
3
.
-I m m i g r a t i o n R e p o r t , V o l . X,
31-33;
I n a d d i t i o n , t h e C e n s u s o f 1880 p r o v i d e d a
breakdown o f t h e number o f t e x t i l e w o r k e r s
f o r two " L i t t l e Canadas" i n M a s s a c h u s e t t s :
F a l l River:
Lowell :
Irish-Americans
Conadians
"Native Americans"
Irish-Americans
Canadians
"Native Americans"
23 77
3271
4035
347 1
3229
6491
I m m i g r a t i o n R e ~ r t ,V o l X, 3 8 - 3 9 .
By 1884,
o v e r 3 2 6 , 0 0 0 F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s l i v e d i n New
E n g l a n d a n d t h e " L i t t l e C a n a d a s " o f New Bedf o r d , F a l l R i v e r and L o w e l l , M a s s o c h u s e t t s ,
swelled w i t h t h e i n f l u x o f Franco-Americans
I m m i g r a t i o n R e p o r t , Vo. V, 6 3 .
24.
Podea,
Quebec t o L i t t l e C a n a d a , "
369.
25.
I m m i g r a t i o n R e p o r t , V o l X 35-39;
I n M a s s a c G s e t t s , Franco-Americon c o t t o n
hands accounted f o r n e a r l y 375 o f t h e c o t t o n ' s i n d u s t r y ' s work f o r c e compared t o t h e
I r i s h - A m e r i c a n s ' s h a r e o f 20%.
In F a l l
R i v e r b y 1900, t h e r e w e r e 3 6 , 0 0 0 F r a n c o
A m e r i c a n s c o m p a r e d t o 20,000 I r i s h - A m e r i c a n s .
I n a d d i t i o n , l e s s t h a n 4% o f t h e c o t t o n m i l l
hands were " n a t i v e s t o c k . "
IBID.
26.
I m m i g r a t i o n Report,=.
XX, 5 7 .
27.
Bonier, Ddbuts de l a Colonie Franco
A m e r i c a i n e d e W o a n s o c k e t , Rhode I s l a n d , 93;
S e n t i n e l l i s t A g i t a- t i o n i n Flew
F 0 i S Y p.-The
p
.E n g l a n d , 220.
--
By 1909, New B e d f o r d , M a s s a c h u s e t t s , l i s t e d
a F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n p o p u l a t i o n o f o v e r 25,000
compared t o 8,000 I r i s h - A m e r i c a n s .
Immig r a t i o n R e p o r t , V o l X, 4 0 - 4 1 .
-
C e n s u s f i g u r e s e s t i m a t e d 73,214 F r a n c o
A m e r i c a n s i n h a b i t e d Rhode I s l a n d a l o n g w i t h
88,203 I r i s h - A m e r i c a n s i n 1910.
Anthony
C o e l h o , The S e n t i n e l l i s t C o n t r o v e r s y ,
C o e l h o q u o t e s t h e Census o f 1910.
31.
Podea, "Quebec t o L i t t l e Canada,"
373.
T h i s antagonism erupted i n t o bloods h e d i n West R u t l a n d , V e r m o n t , a s a r e s u l t
of Franco-Americans being used a s s t r i k e
b r e a k e r s d u r i n g t h e I r i s h quarrymen s t r i k e
of 1868.
I n a d d i t i o n , F a l l R i v e r m i l l own e r s b u i l t s p e c i a l houses i n t h e i r m i l l
y a r d s f o r Franco-American s t r i k e b r e a k e r s
f o r f e a r t h a t t h e s t r i k e r s would p e r s u a d e
t h e F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s t o l e a v e town i n t h e
s t r i k e of 1 8 7 9 .
IBID.
32.
Robert R=ly,
H i s t o i r -e- d e s
F r a n c o - ~ m 6 r i c a i n s ( H i s t o r y of t h e F r a n c o
A m e r i c a m ( M o n t r e a 1 , 1958), 96.
3 3 . C h e v a l i e r , -~
The F r a n c o--Americans
of New E n g l a n d , 9 2 - 9 3 ; P o d e a , " Q u e b e c t o
L i t t l e Canada, " 371-373.
I r v i n g 8 . R i c h m a n , i n h i s b o o k , Rhode I s l a n d , d e c l a r e d t h a t t h e Franco-Americans,
by t h e i r p r e s e n c e , g a v e r i s e t o a p r o b l e m .
Richman a c c u s e d F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s of n o t
amalgamating w i t h o t h e r Americans and
b r a n d e d them a s " h i g h l y i l l i t e r a t e . "
He i n s i n u a t e d t h a t t h e y c o n t r i b u t e d t o t h e
degeneracy of t h e p o l i t i c a l system i n t h e i r
r e s p e c t i v e communities with t h e exception
of Woonsocket.
He i m p l i e d t h a t e d u c a t i o n ,
c o m b i n e d w i t h an e n v i r o n m e n t o f w h o l e s o m e
p o l i t i c s , would b e y o n d a n y r e a s o n a b l e d o u b t
b r i n g them e f f e c t u a l l y u n d e r t h e great
Anglo-Saxon t r a d i t i o n .
I r v i n g B . Richman,
Rhode m d - ( C o m b ; x g e ,
Mossuchusetts,
1 9 0 5 ) , 323-333.
3 4 . C h e v a l i e r , BeFranco-American-
36.
F o i s y , The S e n t i n e l l i s t A g i t a t i o n
o f New E n g l a n d , 5 .
37.
I t became c u s t o m a r y f o r I r i s h
Americans s i t t i n g i n t h e b a l c o n y area o f
t h e i r c h u r c h e s t o s p i t on t h e F r a n c o
Americans a s t h e y l e f t S u n d a y m a s s e s . A l s o ,
t h e r e were cases o f Franco-Americans b e i n g
r e f u s e d Communion b y I r i s h - A m e r i c a n p r i e s t s
s o l e l y because t h e y were F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s .
U n d o c u m e n t e d i n t e r v i e w November 26, 1 9 7 4 .
38.
New C a t h o l i c E n c y c l o ~ d i a , V o l V I ,
14; U l y s s e F o r g e t , L a P a r o i s s e S a i n t - J e a n
Ba ti s te de W a r r e n , Rhode I s l a n d , 1 8 8 - 1 8 9 .
9
3- 9
.
C h e v a l i e r , The F r a n
--c o -- A m e.r i c a n s o f
. ..
New E n g l a n d , 7
/ 44..
40.
-New
---- C a t h o l i c E n c y c l o p e d i a , V o l 11,
921.
W o c n s o c k e t , Rhode I s l a n d , F r a n c o
A m e r i c a n s w a i t e d u n t i l 1866 f o r t h e i r f i r s t
French-speaking p r i e s t .
Bishop McFarland
a p p o i n t e d French-speaking F a t h e r Lawrence
Walsh t o a s s i s t t h e p a s t o r o f Woonsocket's
Irish-American C a t h o l i c Church ( S t . C h a r l e s )
i n a d m i n i s t e r i n g t h e needs o f the Fronco
American p a r i s h i o n e r s .
Shortly after his
a p p o i n t m e n t , F a t h e r Walsh s c h e d u l e d separ a t e w o r s h i ~ si n F r e n c h f o r t h e F r o n c o
A m e r i c a n s o f W o o n s o c k e t . The E v e n i n g Rep o r t e r , J u l y 18, 1881; James W . S G t h ,
H i s t o r y o f t h e C a t h o l i c C h u r c h i n Woons o c k e t a n d V i c i n i t y ( ~ o o ~ s o c k e t ~ -~ 1 1 8
120.
41.
K e n n e d y , Quebec t o New En l a n d 5 5 .
-?+9?.-!
42.
F o i s y , The S e n t i n e l l l s t g l t a t i o n
i n New E n g l a n d , 7 9 .
43.
Edmond d e N e v e r s q u o t e d i n R u m i l l y ,
H i s t o i r e d e s F r a n c o - ~ r n g r i c a i n s , 175.
44.
New Catho-edia,
Vol VI,
147.
45.
C h e v a l i e r , The F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s o f
New E n g l a n d , 9 9 .
-
---
-
-
----
46.
47.
48.
Kennedy, -Quebec t o New E n g l a n d , 9 7 .
IBID, 7 6 .
IBID, 9 5 .
F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s i n C e n t r a l F a l l s , Rhode I s l a n d , e s t a b l i s h e d t h e N o t r e Dame P a r i s h
S c h o o l i n 1899. C l a s s e s were f i r s t cond u c t e d i n t h e basement of t h e p a r i s h gym and
a new b r i c k f a c i l i t y opened i n 1910 h o u s i n g
1,200 young Franco-American s t u d e n t s . Chev a l i e r , The F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s of -New E n g l a n d ,
209.
49.
I m m i g r a t i o n R e p o r t , Vol XXI, 206 209.
50.
I m m i g r a t i o n R e p o r t , Vol X , 182.
51.
I m m i g r a t i o n R e p o r t , Vol X X X I , 306.
52.
Elphege J . D a i p n a u l t , Le V r a i
Mouvement S e n t i n e l l i s t (The True S e n t i n e l l i s t Movement) ( M o n t r e a l , 1 9 3 5 ) , 114.
-
~
---
As Franco-American s c h o o l e n r o l l m e n t mushroomed t h r o u g h o u t t h e " l i t t l e C o n a d a s " of
New E n g l a n d , n e a r l y o n e - h a l f of t h e F r a n c o
Americans s t u d e n t s i n Rhode I s l a n d a t t e n d e d
Franco-American p o r i s h s c h o o l s . Workers of
t h e F e d e r a l w r i t k r s ' P r o j e c t , Rhode I s l o nd,
( B o s t o n , 1 9 3 7 ) , 314.
5 3 . C h e v a l i e r , The F r a n c o - A m e g c a n s of
New
England, 72.
54.
I B I D . , 108.
55.
I B I D . , 64-66.
Franco-Americans i n
Biddef o r d , Maine, o r g a n i z e d L ' Union C a n a d i enne
C a n a d i a n Union) i n 1833 t o l o o k
a f t e r t h e s i c k b e n e f i t and i n s u r a n c e of i t s
Franco-American p o p u l a t i o n .
I B I D . , 117.
56.
Kennedy, Quebec t o New E n g l a n d ,
141-142.
5 7 . W e s s e l , An E t h n i c S u r v e y of Woon-s o c k e t , Rhode I s l o n d , 223.
--
he
-
58.
A. Bourbonniere, LeG
ui de Francois
d e s E t.a t s - U n i s (The French Guide o t t h e
U n i t e d States?
( L o w e l l , Massachusetts, 1891)
--
Franco-Americans i n Lowell, Massachusetts,
.m g r i c a i ne [The
orgonized L ' Union Franco-A
F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n U n i o n ) 1895.
Imm=ation
R e ~- t V
, o l X, 3 4 1 .
L a S o c i e t i C a n a d o - A m -ericaine (The Canadian
A m e r i c a n Society)unded
i n M a n c h e s t e r , New
H a m p s h i r e , i n 1896, g u a r a n t e e d t h e p r e s e r v a t i o n o f t r a d i t i o n a l Canadian c u l t u r e .
Memb e r s o f t h i s g r o u p s t o o d r e a d y t o b a t t l e any
and a l l e n c r o a c h m e n t s o f F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n r e I n adl i g i o n , m a t e r n o l tongue and c u l t u r e .
ddition, the Society provided insurance p r i v i l e g e s f o r i t s members a l o n g w i t h s c h o l o r s h i p s and l o a n s f o r young Franco-American
students.
Chevalier, The
--- F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s
i n New E n g l a n d , 1 3 1 .
59.
L ' U n i o n , i n an a t t e m p t t o p r e s e r v e
Franco-American a r t i f a c t s , e s t a b l i s h e d the
l a r g e s t F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n r e p o s i t o r y i n New
WoonE n g l a n d a t W o o n s o c k e t , Rhode I s l a n d .
socket i s the n a t i o n a l headquarters f o r
L'Union, which serves t h e i n s u r a n c e needs o f
L'Union's
36,000 F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n members.
l i b r a r y c o n t a i n s 4 5 , 0 0 0 v o l u m e s on m a t t e r s
p e r t a i n i n g t o Franco-American i n t e r e s t s and
culture.
G r e a t e r W o o n s o c k e t Chamber o f
Commerce P u b l i c a t i o n , 1 9 7 4 .
60.
C h e v a l i e r , -----The F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s i n
New E n g l a n d , 1 1 3 .
61.
E v e n i n g C a l l ( W o o n s o c k e t , Rhode
-The
I s l a n d , J u l y 13, 1 9 0 6 .
62.
R u m i l l y , H i s t o i r e des Fronco
~mLricains,
-
63.
C h e v a l i e r , T h e F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s-- o f
N e w E n g l a n d , 1 8 5 - 1 9 1 ; -I-.m
-m i a r a t i o n
Report,
Vol X, 3 4 1
I n 1 9 3 7 , The F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s i n N e w Engl a n d p u b l i s h e d 3 d a i l i e s , 28 w e e k l i e s a n d
6 monthlies.
I m m i g r a-~
t i o n R e p o r t , V o l X,
341.
~
64.
-
N e w C a t h o l i c E n c y c l ~ d i a ,V o l V i ,
Id?.
.
65.
R u m i l l y , H i s t o i r e d e s F r o n co
A m e r i c a i n s , 5 0 ; F o i s y , The S e n t i n e l l i s t
A it at io n.
5 a n d 45.
9
66.
A t t h i s t i m e , F o l l R i v e r , Massac h u s e t t s , wos i n c l u d e d i n t h e ~ i o c e s eo f
P r o v i d e n c e . Rhode I s l a n d .
67.
Rumilly, H-i s t o i r e d e s F r a n c o
A
m
C
r
i
c
a
i
n
s
1
0
2
1
0
6
;
C h e v a l i e r , The F r o n c o
---A.. .m
.. -e- r-i c a n s o f N e w E n g l a n d , 9 8 - 1 0 4 7 68.
The E v e n i n C a l l , J u l y 10, 1906.
6 9 . W o r c e s t e r Te e g r a m ( W o r c e s t e r ,
M a s s a c h u s e t t s ) , S e p t e m b e r 3 0 , 1 90 6 .
-
-
eI-
A l l schools, m i l l s and business e s t a b l i s h ments c l o s e d f o r t h e most e l a b o r a t e a f f a i r
o f i t s k i n d e v e r h e l d i n Woonsocket, Rhode
Island.
Highlights of the convention inc l u d e d a n o p e n - a i r mass, a p a r o d e o f 4 , 0 0 0
Franco-American m a r c h e r s ond a c o n c e r t a t
t h e Woonsocket Opera House.
Evening C a l l ,
September 24 and 26, 1906.
70.
N e w C a t h o l i c --Encyclopedia, Vol. VI,
2 7 6 ; E v e n i n g C a l l , S e p t e m b e r 2-906.
7 1 . -P r ov i d e n c e J o u r n a l , September 27,
1906.
72.
Rumilly, Histoire d e s Franco
~ m e r i c a i n s , 21 1 ; Ev e ni n gcall, S e p t e m b e r 27,
1906.
73.
B i s h o p H a r k i n ' s d i a r y , September
27, 1906; R u m i l l y , H i s t o i r e d e s F r a n c o
A m e r i c a i n s , 21 1-214; E v e n i n g C a l l , S e p t e m b e r 28, 1906; P r o v i d e n c e J o u r n a l , M a r c h 8,
1909.
74.
R u m i l l y , H i s t o i r e des Franco
214-214.
Americains
7 5 ~ L r c e s t e rT e l e g r a m S e p t e m b e r 30,
-1
1906.
76.
IBID.
77.
K e n n e d y , Quebec t o New E n g l o n d ,
101.
-
-
-
I n Maine, Franco-Americans f o u g h t a f o u r
year b a t t l e t o r e s t o r e t h e t r u s t e e system
i n t h e i r parishes.
Franco-Americans advocated n a t i o n a l parishes t o t a l l y independent
from diocesan c o n t r o l .
The b a t t l e o v e r t h e
p a r i s h t r u s t e e system e n t e r e d s t a t e c o u r t s
a s w e l l a s c o u r t s i n Rome a n d d r a g g e d on
f r o m 1909 t o 1 9 1 3 .
I n t h e end, t h e c o u r t s
r u l e d i n f a v o r o f t h e Church hierarchy,
stating that the restoration of the parish
t r u s t e e s y s t e m was " u n - A m e r i c a n . "
I n order
t o e a s e t e n s i o n , b o t h c o u r t s r u l e d i n compromising decisions c a l l i n g f o r the estab l i s h m e n t o f t h e p a r i s h c o r p o r a t i o n system,
w h i c h a l l o w e d l i m i t e d p a r i s h c o n t r o l . Chev a l i e r , The F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s i n New England, 31.
78.
P r o v i d e n c e J o u r n a l , December 13,
1913.
79.
The E v e n i n g R e p o r t e r , M a r c h 9 a n d
23, 1 9 1 4 .
--
-
-
I t is i m p o r t a n t t o n o t e t h c t t h e o t h e r
f o u r Franco-American p a r i s h e s i n Woonsocket
a l l had F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n p a s t o r s and c u r a t e s
i n 1914.
E v e n i n g C a l l , M a r c h 7, 1 9 1 4 .
80.
Helene Forget, L'Agitation Sentine ll i s t e , 2.
81.
P e t i t i o n r e c e i v e d by Bishop Matthew
H o r k i n s on f i l e i n t h e D i o c e s a n A r c h i v e s i n
P r o v i d e n c e , Rhode I s l a n d .
82. Rumilly, H i s t o i r e d e s F r a n c o
~ m i r i c a i n s ,2 3 5 - 2 8 r
83. Helene F o r g e t , L'Agitation Sentin e l l i s t e . f.
84. Evening R e p o r t e r , March 9, 1914
85.
Woonsocket C a l l , March 5 , 1914.
Parishioners emphasized t h o t Franco
Americans c o n t r i b u t e d o v e r $500,000 t o d a t e
t o S a i n t e Anne ( S a i n t Ann) P a r i s h .
IBID.
86.
Bishop H a r k i n s ' d i a r y , March 3 and
7. 1 9 1 4 .
87. IBID, March 11, 1914.
88.
I B I D . , M a r c h 10 a n d 1 1 , 1 9 1 4 .
8 9 . IBfD.,b4orch 1 9 , 1 9 1 4 .
-
Twenty-one o f t h e o r i g i n a l p e t i t i o n e r s s e n t
a "thank-you" n o t e to Bishop Harkins thonki n g him f o r a p p o i n t i n g a F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n
pastor t o Saint Ann's.
T h a n k you n o t e o n
f i l e i n Diocesan Archives i n Providence,
Rhode I s l a n d .
90.
F o i s y , -T. h e S e-.n t i n-e l l is t A g i t ation,
15-16.
91.
Chevalier, The Franco-Americans i n
N e w En l a n d
77-81.
C o p i e s of t h i s sermon
-'in
L I U n i o -n Saint Jean-Baptiste
A r c h i v e s I n W o o n s o c k e t , Rhode I s l a n d .
-
In Lewiston, Maine, a c o n t r o v e r s y o v e r t h e
naming of o Franco-Amerlcan churcn erupted
kranco-American p a r i s h i o n e r s i n i n 1923.
s i s t e d t h o t t h e p a r i s h be nomed S o i n t e
Croix (Holy Cross), w h i l e t h e French
speaking Irish-American pastor i n s i s t e d
t h e c h u r c h b e named H o l y C r o s s .
The f e u d
e n d e d i n 1926 w i t h t h e n a m i n g o f t h e p a r i s h
Sainte Croix.
R u m i l l y , H i s t o i r e des Fronco
Fra
A r n e r i c o i n s , 3 8 0 ; C h e v a l i e r , The
-----n c o
A m e r i c a n s o f New E n g l a n d , 2 7 3 - 2 7 4 .
92.
W e s s e l , An E t h n i c Surv%of --Woons
o
c
k
e
t
,
Rhode
I
s
l
a
n
d
,
2
2
3
.
---- ----93. I B I D .
9 4 . C h e v a l i e r , The
.- Franco-Americans o f
New E n g l a n d , 4 4 - 4 5 ; 7 o e l h o ,
The S e nt i ne l list
Controversy, 3.
--95. C h e v a l i e r , The F r -a n c o - A m e r i c a--ns o f
New E n g l a n d , 4 4 - 4 5 .
es Franco
96.
R u m i l l y , H i s t o i r e dA
m
e
r
i
c
a
i
n
s
,
3
2
5
3
2
K
C
h
e
v
o
l
i
e
r , The b r o n c o
Americans o f New E n g l a n d , 2 1 2 - 2 1 3 . I n o d d i t i o n , the CroisCs received strong support
f r o m C o r d i n o l B e g i n , A r c h b i s h o p o f Quebec.
IBID.
97.
C h e v a l i e r . The F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s o f
-
102.
IBID.
103.
H i s t o i r e -.~-des Franco
A m e r i c a i n s , 3 2 7 ; c h e v a l i e r , The F r a n c o
A m e r i c a n s- o f New ---England, 198-200.
104.
Foisy, T h e
n e l l is -t -A g it o t - i1 o n
- S e n t i-32.
mlly,
-
-
-
105.
C h e v o l i e r , The F r o n c o - A m e r i c a n s o f
New E n g l a n d , 200 a n d 203; R u m i l l y , H i s t o i r e
GT%-Z=Americoins,
318; D o i g n a u l t , Le
V r a i Mouvement Se nt i n e l l i s t e , 55-70.
106.
C h e v o l i e r , The F r o n c o - A m e r i c a n s o f
New E n g l a n d , 2 1 8 .
107.
L o S e n t i n e l l e ( W o o n s o c k e t , Rhode
Island),
24, 1 9 2 4 .
108.
F o i s y , The S e n t i n e l l i s t - A g i t a t i o n ,
21.
-
--
The S e n t i n e l l i s t s i n W o o n s o c k e t d i d n o t
s t a n d a l o n e i n t h e i r r e s i s t a n c e t o Americanization.
S e n t i n e l l i s t s u p p o r t e r s i n Worcester, Mossochusetts, organized o p r o t e s t
m e e t i n g on A p r i l 3, 1 9 2 7 .
Those a t t e n d i n g
i n c l u d e d members o f L ' U n i o n a n d t h e F r o n c o
American F o r e s t e r s . f h e o n c o - A m e r i c o n
p r o t e s t e r s supported the c o n s t r u c t i o n o f
p a r o c h i o l schools, the e r e c t i o n o f n a t i o n a l
p a r i s h e s and t h e i n v i o l a b i l i t y o f p a r i s h
funds.
The F r o n c o - A m e r i c o n s i n W o r c e s t e r
w e n t on r e c o r d o p p o s i n g A m e r i c a n i z a t i o n a s
envisioned bv the N a t i o n a l C a t h o l i c Welfare
Conference.
R u m i l l y , H i s t o i r e des Franco
A m e r i c a i n s , 409-411; C h e v o i i e r , The
- Franco
A m e r i c a n s o f New E n g l a n d , 2 2 5 .
109.
C h e v a l i e r , The F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s o f
New E n g l a n d , 2 2 4 - 2 2 6 ; R u m i l l y , H i s t o i r e d e s
F r o n c o - A n e ~ i c o i n s , 4 1 0 - 4 1 4 ; F o i s y , The Senti n e l l i s t -A
g i t a t i o n , 24-25.
.
110.
W o on s o ck e t C a l l , J u n e 17, 1 9 2 7 .
Coelho, ~ F S e n t i n e m
C o n t r o v e r y , 19-20.
1 1 1 . W o o n s o c k e t c=,
J u l y 25, 1 9 2 7 .
1 1 2 . C h e v o l i e r , T h e F r a n c o - A m e r i.cans o f
New En l a n d 2 2 8 .
, 228-229.
114.
220.
Forget, La Paroisse
S a i n t J e a n - B a p t i s t e d e W a r r e n , Rhode I s l e ,
181.
- -
.
m
-. ,
-
115.
F o i s y , The S e n t i n e l l i s t A g i t a t i o n ,
1 5 6 - 1 8 7 ; C h e v a l i e r , The F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n s o f
New E n g l a n d , 232-235116.
C h e v a l i e r , The F r a n c o - A m e i r c a n s o f
New E n g l a n d , 2 3 8 - 2 4 0 ; F o i s y , The S e n t i n e l l i s t A g i t a t i o n , 217-219.
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D o ig n a u l t , E l p h e g e J .
Le V r a i Mouvement
S e n t i n e l l i s t e . (The True S e n t i n e l l i s t
& v e m e ~ o n t r e a l , 1935.
-----
Foisy,
A l b e r t J.
The S e n t i n e l l i s t
---
A ita
t i c n i n New E n g l a n d .
P r o v i d e n -c e5 3 0 .
Forget, Ulysse.
La P o r o i s s e Saint-Jean
B a p t i s t e de W a r r e n , E t a t du
-Fh o X
Islond.
( T h e P a r i s h o f S a i n t Jeon
B a ~ t i s t eo f W a r r e n . Rhode I s l a n d ) .
M o n t r e a l , 1952.
G o l d , G e r a l d L . ond T r e m b l a y , Marc A d e l a r d .
C o m m u n i t i e s and C u l t u r e i n F r e n c h
Canado.
Montreal, 1 9 5 2 7 ~
Gunther, John.
I n s i d e USA. Revised e d i t i o n .
New Y o r k . 1951.
Hamon, E . H.
L e s C o n a d i e n s - f r a n g a i sde
l a
N o u v e lel.ererete
1i f
French
G d i a n s o f New E n g l a n d ) Quebec, 1891.
Hansen, M a r c u s L e e and B r a b n e r , John B a r t l e t
The M i g r a t i o n o f t h e C a n o d i a n and Amer i c a n Peoples.
New Haven, 1940.
Kennedy, A m b r o s e .
Quebec t o New E n g l a n d .
The L i f e o f M o n s i g n o r C h a r l e s D o u r o y .
B o s t o n , 1948.
Richmon, I r v i n g 8 .
Rhode I s l a n d . C a m b r i d g e ,
M a s s a c h u s e t t s , 1905.
Rumilly, Robert.
H i s t o i r e des Franco
Americains ( H i s t o r y o f the Franco
Americansy.
M o n t r e a l . 1958.
Smyth, James W:
H i s t o x o i the Catholic
C h u r c h i n W o o n s o c k e t and V i c i n i t y .
p o o n s o c k e t , 1903).
Wade, Mason.
The F r e n c h - C a n o d i a n O u t l o o k .
New Y o r k . 1946.
Wessel, B . B e s s i e .
An E t h n i c S u r v e y o f
W o o n s o c k e t , Rho-nd.
-Chicago,
-
-
-
-
1.9, 7- 1. .
Workers o f t h e F e d e r a l W r i t e r s ' P r o j e c t o f
t h e Works P r o g r e s s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n f o r
t h e S t a t e o f Rhode I s l a n d .
Rhode I s land, A Guide t o t h e Smallest S t a t e .
B o s t o n , 1937.
"Government Documents"
wort
o f t h e I m m i a r a t i o n Commission (Rep r i n t o f t h e 1910 editFoX).
York,
1970.
Volumes X, X X . X X I .
"Manuscripts"
Providence Bishop Matthew H a r k i n s ' D a i r y .
x 7, 10,
S e p t e m b e r 27, 1906; ~ a r 3,
1 1 a n d 19, 1 9 1 4 .
(On f i l e i n t h e
Diocesan Archives, Providence, R I )
Petition
P e t i t i o n , d a t e d M a r c h 3, 1 9 1 4 .
s e n t by t h e t r u s t e e s o f S t . A n n ' s
P a r i s h , W o o n s o c k e t , Rhode I s l a n d , t o
Providence Bishop Matthew H a r k i n s .
(On f i l e i n t h e D i o c e s a n A r c h i v e s ,
Providence, R I )
"Newpapers"
ll.
( W o o n s o c k e t , Rhode I s l a n d ) ,
-E-v e n i nJ gu l Cy a10
a n d 13, 1906; S e p t e m b e r 24,
26 a n d 2 8 , 1906; M a r c h 5 , 1 9 1 4 .
L a S e n t i n e l l e , ( W o o n s o c k e t , Rhode I s l a n d ) ,
A p r i m , 1924.
L a T r i b u n e , ( W o o n s o c k e t , Rhode I s l a n d ) ,
J F 2 5 , 1925.
P r o v i d e n c e J o u r n a l , ( P r o v i d e n c e , Rhode
I s l a n d ) , S e p t e m b e r 27, 1906; M a r c h 6,
1909.
R e p o r t e r , ( W o o n s o c k e t , Rhode I s l a n d ) , M a r c h
9 a n d 23, 1 9 1 4 .
Woonsocket C a l l
( W o o n s o c k e t , Rhode I s l a n d )
J u n e 27 a n d J u l y 25, 1 9 2 7 .
Worcester Tel%r.~,
( W o r c e s t e r , Mossachus e t t s ) S e p t e m b e r 30, 1 9 0 6 .
-
"Publications"
G r e at e r Woonsocket
-
Chamber o f Commerce,
1974
"References"
The C o t h o l i c E n c y c l o p e- I d i a
The New C a t h o l i c Encyclo-,
DC, 1 9 6 1 .
New Y o r k , 1 9 0 9 .
Washington,
"Unpublished M a t e r i a l "
Coelho, Anthony.
The S e n t i n e l l i s t C o n t r o Brown
versy.
Unpublished
U n i v e r s i t y, ., 1 9 7 2 .
Doiron, Gerald J.
The F r e n c h - C o n o d i o n M i q f a t i o n I n t o R r o ae-.Island., Unpublished
M . A . T h e s i s , U n i v e r s i t y o f Rhode I s land, 1959.
Forget, Helene, L ' A g i t o t i o n S e n t i n e l l i s t e .
( T h e S e n t i n e l l i s t A g i t a t i o n ) Unpubl i s h e d M.A. Thesis, U n i v e r s i t y o f
Montreal, 1953.
paper,
-
GENEALOGY
by Claude Drouin
Towards t h e end o f t h e l a s t c e n t u r y , o
French l e c t u r e r , Paul Bourget, reprimanded
Americans f o r n o t knowing t h e i d e n t i t y o f
t h e i r great-grandfathers.
An A m e r i c a n h u m o r i s t , Mark Twain, p r o m p t l y r e p l i e d t h o t
m o s t F r e n c h m e n d i d n ' t e v e n k n o w who t h e i r
f a t h e r s were.
M a r k T w a i n ' s c a u s t i c comment d o e s n ' t
h o l d w a t e r a s f a r a s A m e r i c a n s and Canod i a n s o f F r e n c h descent a r e concerned bec a u s e t r a c i n g t h e i r l i n e a g e b a c k some f o u r teen generations i s "bien simple."
They
owe t h e a b i l i t y t o e o s i l y t r a c e t h e i r o n c e s t r y t o t h e k i n g s o f France i n the f o u r t e e n t h c e n t u r y who r e q u i r e d p a r i s h p r i e s t s
t o r e c o r d a l l b i r t h s , m a r r i a g e s and d e a t h s .
The c l e r g y who o c c o m p o n i e d t h e e a r l y s e t t l e r s t o Canada m e t i c u l o u s l y r e c o r d e d t h o s e
facts.
Most French-Canadians e m i s r o t e d f r o m
Perche, a p r o v i n c e t o t h e s o u t h e a s t o f Normandy.
S u c h f a m i l i e s a s B e a u v o i s ., B a u c h e
- -r
B a u l a y , B r e n e t , C l o u t i e r , C 8 t 6 , F o r g e t , Gagnon, L a P o r t e , M e r c i e r , P a r a d i ~ , ~ t i G ,
P r e v o s t , Provost,TGi-Ieau,
Trembl-mrgeon c o m e f r o m ? - h e 7 e .
~~~
--
-
-
A l l a r d , A r c h a m b a u l t , B e a u d o i n , B e n o i t- 1
B o u c h r ~ o y e r ,C a r o n , C h o r b o n--n e a u , L a R i c h a r d , Trudeau, V e n i z a and
e n e u v e o r i g i n a t e d i n A u n i s on t h e Bay
o f Biscay.
B e r t r a n d , Bourdon, B r a s s a r d , B r i e r e ,
D e l i s l e , D u c h e s n e , D u h a m e l , G a u t h i e r , Le-Normand,
R o c i n e , Roy a n d T a l b o t hoilfrom ~ o r m a n F
In t h e 151 y e a r s f r o m t h e f o u n d i n g of
Quebec t o t h e B r i t i s h o c c u p a t i o n , 7,231
F r e n c h c o l o n i s t s s e t t l e d i n C a n a d a . About
2 , 0 0 0 m a r r i a g e s t o o k p l a c e among t h e m .
N i n e t y - f i v e p e r c e n t of t h e Americans and
C a n a d i a n s of French d e s c e n t l i v i n g t o d a y
can t r a c e t h e i r a n c e s t r y t o t h i s r e l a t i v e l y small group.
I n s h o r t , m o s t of t h e m
a r e r e l a t e d , however d i s t a n t l y , t o o n e a n o t h e r : one b i g f a m i l y of f o u r t e e n m i l l i o n !
To show how t h e s e 2 , 0 0 0 c o u p l e s became s u c h a l a r g e f a m i l y , c o n s i d e r t h e
c a s e of P i e r r e T r e m b l a y who came t o t h e
new F r e n c h c o l o n y a r o u n d 1655. He m a r r i e d
a n o t h e r i m m i g r a n t named O z a n n e Achon i n
t h e town of Q u e b e c . They had 12 c h i l d r e n ,
10 of whom s u b s e q u e n t l y m a r r i e d , 3 of them
twice.
Then t h e g r a n d c h i l d r e n m a r r i e d a s
d i d , i n t u r n , t h e i r c h i l d r e n and t h e Tremb l a y s w e r e on t h e i r way.
L i t t l e did they
r e a l i z e an t h e i r w e d d i n g d a y some 340
y e a r s a g o t h a t t h e y had s t a r t e d a f a m i l y
w h i c h now i n c l u d e s more t h a n 5 0 , 0 0 0 p e r s o n s b e a r i n g t h e Tremblay name.
A s a r e s u l t , t h e r e s h o u l d be l i t t l e
concern t h a t the p o t e n t i a l c l i e n t e l e f o r
g e n e a l o g y w i l l s o o n be e x h a u s t e d . On t h e
c o n t r a r y , i t i s growing very r a p i d l y .
REVIVING EXTINCT NOBLE TITLES
by Wayne B. Yeager,
Baron of Montfort
Americans r a r e l y have n o b l e t i t l e s . Yet,
i t ' s n o t uncommon f o r A m e r i c a n s r e s e a r c h i n g t h e i r F r e n c h o n c e s t r v t o come a c r o s s s u c h t i t l e s a s baron, compte, viscompte, morquis,
duc and s o o n .
I f you h o v e an a n c e s t o r who
m d s u c h a t i t l e , and i f i t emanoted from
t h e H o l y Roman ~ m p i r e , ond i f i t i s p r e s e n t l y
u n c l o i m e d , i t may b e y o u r s f o r t h e t a k i n g .
I d e a l l y , t i t l e s a r e p o s s e d on f r o m f a t h e r t o s o n , b u t t h e r e a r e t i m e s when, f o r on
o n e r e a s o n o r a n o t h e r ( l i k e , oh . . . o r e v o l u t i o n ) , when t h e s o n d e c i d e s n o t t o c l o i m i t ,
o r e v e n f o r g e t s a b o u t i t . When t h i s h a p p e n s ,
t h e t i t l e becomes a b e y o n t o r d o r m a n t , and r e m a i n s s o u n t i l a w o r t h y r e l a t i v e comes a l o n g
and c l a i m s i t . A f t e r a t i t l e i s dormont f o r
a l o n g p e r i o d of t i m e , t h e f a m i l y u s u a l l y
f o r g e t s 011 a b o u t i t , s o i t i s p o s s i b l e t o
c l a i m t i t l e s w h i c h hove b e e n g o t h e r i n g d u s t
for centuries.
One of my a n c e s t o r s h e l d t h e t i t l e of
Baron of M o n t f o r t o f e w c e n t u r i e s a g o , a n d I
decided t o s e e i f I could cloim i t because I
was o d i r e c t d e s c e n d a n t .
This title, like
most i n F r a n c e and Europe, o r i g i n a t e d i n t h e
H o l y Roman E m p i r e w h e r e n e a r l y 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 pot e n t s of n o b i l i t y w e r e g i v e n o u t o v e r t h e
years.
T h e r e a r e t h o u s o n d s of t h e s e t i t l e s
y e t u n c l a i m e d a n d t h e r e i s now, o f t e r much
p r e s s u r e t o d o s o , a l e g a l mechanism i n
place t o r e h a b i l i t a t e such t i t l e s .
Once I d i s c o v e r e d t h a t t h e t i t l e wos
u n c l o i m e d , I hod t o l e a r n t h e e x a c t p r o c e d u r e and t h e n e c e s s a r y documentation f o r
reviving the t i t l e .
B u t l e t ' s back u p .
In
order t o determine whether or n o t v
r ti,ou
t l e i s u n c l a i m e d , l o o k i n bock i s s u e s o f
B u r k e ' s P ee rage or D eb r e -t.t ' s P e e r a g e f o r
British titles, L i vr e-d ' O r d e l a N-o b l e sse
f o r F r e n c h a n d I t a l i a n t i t l e s o r on o l d
Almanach d e G a t h o f o r t h e r e s t of E u r o p ~ .
T h e r e a r e r u m o r s t h o t a new A l m a-n a c h d e Cot h a i s a b o u t t o be p u b l i s h e d , which s h c u l d
-c e r t a i n l y f a c i l i t a t e t h i s process, but i t
p r o b a b l y w o n ' t be a v a i l a b l e f o r o n c t h e r 5
years.
I f you d o n ' t h a v e a c c e s s t o t h e s e
b o o k s , t h e m o s t e f f i c i e n t way t o f i n d i f o
t i t l e i s unclaimed i s t o ask t h e P o t r j a r c h a t e of A n t i o c h , t h e a u t h o r i t y w h i c h
w i l l rehabilitate the t i t l e .
They m a i n t o i n a c o u n c i l of r e s e a r c h e r s , geneolog i s t s , and her01d;y e x p e r t s .
Once you
w r i t e t o t h e m , t h e y t o k e c a r e of t h e r e s t .
The p r o c e d u r e f o r r e h a b i l i t a t i n g t i t l e s v a r i e s from c o u n t r y t o c o u n t r y .
Some
countries are quite s t r i c t .
For i n s t a n c e ,
E n g l a n d r e q u i r e s e v e r y b i r t h and m a r r i o g e
c e r t i f i c a t e from t h e l a s t t i t l e - h o l d e r t o
you a s w e l l o s p r o o f t h a t you o r e t h e m o s t
worthy h e i r .
P o l i c i e s on t h e c o n t i n e n t
a r e u s u a l l y more l a x .
They o f t e n o n l y r e q u i r e t h a t you d e m o n s t r a t e " r e a s o n a b l e d e s c e n t " from your t i t l e d a n c e s t o r .
You moy w o n d e r w h a t t h e A n t i o c h i a n
P a t r i a r c h a t e i s . I.!ost E u r o p e a n t i t l e s o r i g i n a t e f r o m t h e Holy Roman E m p i r e b u t ,
a f t e r t h e f a l l o f t h e House o f H a p s b u r g ,
t h e H o l y S e e showed n o i n t e r e s t i n o d j u c a ting t i t l e s .
I t passed the task t o the
H o l y S e e of A n t i o c h w h i c h s e t u p t h e Counc i l of W e s t p h a l i a t o h a n d l e a l l t i t l e
claims.
I t h a s o f f i c e s 011 o v e r t h e
world.
In N o r t h America, t h e a d d r e s s i s
tioly See o f A n t i o c h , 545 E i g h t h Avenue,
S u i t e 4 0 1 , Mew York, N Y , I O O l C .
Be s u r e
t o p u t " A t t e n t i c n : W e s t p h o l i a n C o u n c i l " on
the envelope.
I f you remember your h i g h s c h o o l c i v i c s
o r American Government c l a s s , you moy bel i e v e t h a t Americans a r e n o t a l l o w e d t o have
noble t i t l e s . Well, while t h e r e i s a provis i o n i n t h e c o n s t i t u t i o n which p r e v e n t s t h e
p r e s i d e n t from c o n f e r r i n g them, t h e r e i s a b s o l u t e l y n o t h i n g t h a t p r e c l u d e s Americans
from owning them.
The s t a t e d e p a r t m e n t p r o b a b l y w o n ' t p u t your new t i t l e on your p a s s p o r t , b u t you can c e r t a i n l y s t y l e y o u r s e l f
a s t h e Count of T h i s and Duke of T h a t e v e r y where you g o . In f a c t , I know many Americans
who do j u s t t h a t .
We come t o t h e most i m p o r t a n t q u e s t i o n :
Are n o b l e t i t l e s worth i t ? A f t e r a l l , some
countries exact taxes, legal fees, research
e x p e n s e s and s o on which have been known t o
add up t o $ 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 . On t h e o t h e r hand, t h e
Holy See of Antiocl-I con u s u a l l y c o m p l e t e t h e
whole p r o j e c t f o r a b o u t $ 2 , 0 0 0 .
After a l l
t h a t t i m e and e x p e n s e , what good a r e t i t l e s
of n o b i l i t y ? B e s i d e s t h e p r i d e cf owners h i p and t h e f a c t t h o t your a n c e s t o r s w i l l
i n h e r i t t h e t i t l e s , t h e y ' r e n o t w o r t h much.
I f you do have a l e g i t i m a t e c l a i m t o a B r i t i s h t i t l e and i f you a r e w i l l i n g t o move
t o t h e U n i t e d Kingdom, you a r e e l i g i b l e f o r
a s e a t i n t h e House of L o r d s , t h e u p p e r
house of t h e B r i t i s h P a r l i a m e n t . A l s o , hot e l s , r e s t a u r a n t s , b o u t i q u e s , and o t h e r ups c a l e b u s i n e s s e s welcome and e n c o u r a g e n o b l e
p a t r o n a g e and u s u a l l y r o l l o u t t h e r e d c a r pet.
Having a t i t l e a l s o f a c i l i t a t e s e n t r e e
i n t o b e t t e r s o c i a l c i r c l e s and o f t e n g e t s
you b e t t e r i n v i t a t i o n s . And i f n o n e o f t h e s e
p e r k s a p p e o l t o you, i t i s j u s t p l a i n f u n
b e i n g i n t r o d u c e d as t h e Duke o f So a n d So
e v e r y w h e r e you g o .
From a p u r e l y p r a g m a t i c s t a n d p o i n t , rev i v i n g o l d f a m i l y titles i s n o t what one
would c a l l c o s t - e f f e c t i v e or e v e n r e m o t e l y
p r a c t i c a l b u t i t is, I a s s u r e you, a rewardi n g a n d e x c i t i n g way t o p e r p e t u a t e y o u r
f a m i l y ' s n o b l e h e r i t a a e . And i s n ' t t h a t why
you g o t i n t o g e n e a l o g y ?
r
ADVERTISEMENT Announce ADVERTISEMENT Announce
FOR SALE
ROCHELLE I N THE TIME OF OUR ANCESTORS'
b y H e l e n Maxson
A s h o r t h i s t o r y o f La Rochelle, France
a seaport f r o m w h i c h s a i l e d many of o u r a n c e s t o r s
Sof t - c o v e r
Index
9 2 pages
C o s t : $9.40 ( $ 9 . 9 0 t o C a n a d a )
'LA
HELEN MAXSON
2 5 0 6 R O B I N H I L L DRIVE, CHARLOTTE. NC.
28210
'When writing to our advertisers, please mentlon the
American-French Genealogical Society
GOLDEN OPPORTUNITIES
by Loretta A . Blouin
and son p h i l i p
F o r s e v e r 0 1 y e a r s i n t h e T h i r t i e s , my
a r a n d p a r e n t s , Damase Heve a n d A n g e l i q u e
( G a u m o n d ) H e v e l i v e d w i t h my p a r e n t s . E v e r y
e v e n i n g , my b r o t h e r a n d I w o u l d h a s t i l y e a t
o u r d i n n e r and then r u s h t o t h e i r rooms t o
l i s t e n t o t h e i r tales o f l e ban v i e u x temps
( t h e good o l d d a y s ) .
J e -me s o u v i e n s ( I remember) a l l t h e c o n t e s - 7 s t o r i e s ) K c h
they
told.
My f a v o r i t e was a b o u t my m o t e r n a l
g r e a t grondporents, Louis and Marguerite
( A r c h a m b o u l t ) Gaumond.
(Their genealogies
appear at t h e end of t h i s article. )
L o u i s G a u m o n d was b o r n i n L a P r g s e n t a - - t i o n , QC, i n 1 8 2 3 .
He was t h e s o n o f J e a n
B a p t i s t e and F r u n q o i s e ( D i o n ) Gaumond. L i k e
h i s f o t h e r , h e was a b l o c k s m i t h . M a r g u e r i t e
A r c h a m b a u l t was b o r n i n S t . D e n i s , QC, i n
1 8 2 9 . S h e was t h e d a u g h t e r o f J e a n - B a p t i s t e
and Angelique ( G r e n i e r ) Archamboult.
She
was a t e a c h e r .
T h e y were m a r r i e d i n S a i n t
H y a c i n t h e on S e p t e m b e r 1 5 t h , 1 8 4 6 . S h o r t l y
o f t e r t h e i r marriage, they bought a farm
t h e r e w h e r e n i n e o f t h e i r t e n c h i l d r e n were
b o r n : Ludowic ( 1 8 4 7 ) , Aglae ( 1 8 4 9 ) , J e a n
B a p t i s t e ( 1 8 5 2 ) , A n g e l i q u e ( 1 8 5 3 ) who, i n c i d e n t a l l y , i s my g r a n d m o t h e r , N i c o l o s
( 1 8 5 5 ) , Moise ( 1 8 5 6 ) , P i e r r e ( 1 8 5 9 1 , D e l i o
( 1 6 6 1 ) a n d Simon ( 1 6 6 3 ) . A l l o f them s u r v i v e d e x c e p t N i c o l o s who d i e d a t c g e 3 i n
a f a l l from a hayloft.
Louis worked w i t h
h i s f a t h e r shoeing horses and, with h i s 3
o l d e r c h i l d r e n , m a i n t a i n e d t h e farm.
L o u i s had a c o u s i n , P i e r r e Gaumond,
who w o r k e d a s a w e a v e r i n a w o o l e n m i l l i n
H a r r i s v i l l e , Rhode I s l a n d . They c o r r e s p o n d e d .
P i e r r e mentioned i n one of h i s letters t h a t
t h e m i l l i n which he worked needed l a b o r e r s .
I t a l s o needed a blacksmith.
L o u i s sow t h i s
as a g o l d e n o p p o r t u n i t y .
He m o v e d h i s f a m i l y
t o H a r r i s v i l l e i n 1865.
He b e c a m e t h e m i l l ' s
b l a c k s m i t h and h i s t h r e e o l d e r c h i l d r e n became w e a v e r s .
A few months later, t h e i r 10th
c h i l d , L o u i s e , was b o r n .
The m i l l owned as many o s f o r t y h o r s e s
which Louis cared f o r .
I t a l s o owned t e n
wagons which he m a i n t a i n e d .
They were u s e d
t o b r i n g raw w o o l a n d s h i p t h e f i n i s h e d
product.
He w o r k e d a t t h i s j o b f o r a l m o s t a
dozen years.
He was f o r c e d t o q u i t i t w h e n
an a c c i d e n t i n v o l v i n g a h o r s e ' s hoof l e f t
him w i t h o n l y o n e e y e .
A second golden o p p o r t u n i t y soon presented i t s e l f .
L o u i s and M a r g u e r i t e had
h e a r d a b o u t t h e Homestead Act which Congress
hod p a s s e d i n 1862.
I t e n a b l e d t h e head o f
a h o u s e h o l d t o o b t a i n f r e e l a n d i n an uns e t t l e d p a r t of t h e c o u n t r y .
They a p p l i e d
f o r o g r a n t i n ?a76 which they received w i t h i n a few months.
T h e i r l a n d was i n C o n w o y ,
Arkansas.
By n o w , f o u r o f t h e i r c h i l d r e n - - - L u d o v i c , A g l a e , J e a n - B a p t i s t e a n d A n g e l i q u e --had m a r r i e d : Aglae had been t h e f i r s t .
She
h a d wed I g n o c e B o u r g e t a t S t . C h a r l e s C h u r c h
i n W o o n s o c k e t , R I , on F e b r u a r y 2 4 t h , 1 8 6 8 .
Angelique had f o l l o w e d h e r sister t o t h e alt a r on A p r i l 2 5 t h , 1 8 6 9 when s h e h a d m a r r i e d
Damase H e v e a t S t . P a t r i c k C h u r c h i n H a r r i s ville.
L u d o v i c h a d f o l l o w e d s u i t t h e some
y e o r when h e h a d m a r r i e d E l e o n o r e L u s s i e r i n
S t . C h a r l e s C h u r c h o f Waonsocket on O c t o b e r
23rd.
And J e a n - B a p t i s t e hod m a r r i e d M a l v i n a
L a p r i s a t S t . P a t r i c k Church i n H a r r i s v i l l e
on F e b r u a r y l l t h , 1 8 7 1 .
Although Louis and Marguerite planned
t o t a k e a l l t h e i r c h i l d r e n w i t h t h e m , two
o f them - - - D e l i a a n d M o i s e - - - d e c i d e d n o t
t o g o . D e l i a was t o m a r r y J e a n L e b l a n c i n
S t . P a t r i c k C h u r c h o f H a r r i s v i l l e on F e b r u a r y 1 7 t h , 1877. bloise c h o s e t o s t a y w i t h
h i s o l d e r s i s t e r , A g l a e , a n d h e r h u s b a n d who
were l i v i n g i n Woonsocket.
He was t o m o r r y
A u r e l i e P o i r i e r i n Notre-Dame C h u r c h o f
C e n t r a l F a l l s , R I , on March 2 n d , 1 8 7 8 .
I n t h e s p r i n g of 1 8 7 7 , L o u i s , Marg u e r i t e a n d t h r e e of t h e i r c h i l d r e n --P i e r r e , Simon a n d L o u i s e , whose a g e s w e r e
1 8 , 14 a n d 12 r e s p e c t i v e l y - - - l e f t on t h e
l o n g and t e d i o u s j o u r n e y t o A r k a n s a s .
They
t r a v e l e d by t r a i n w h i c h was v e r y s l o w . S t o p s
f o r wood had t o b e made e v e r y 15 t o 30 m i l e s .
C r e w s p u t t h e wood on p l a t f o r m s n e a r t h e
tracks.
P a s s e n q e r s were e x p e c t e d t o t a k e
t h e wood ond p i l e i t on t h e t e n d e r .
Louis
a n d h i s f a m i l y t r a v e l e d on t h e S t . L o u i s ,
I r o n Mountain and S o u t h e r n R a i l r o a d a s f a r
a s t h e Arkansas b o r d e r where t h e y boarded a
s t a g e c o a c h w h i c h would t a k e them t o Conway.
When t h e Gaumonds a r r i v e d a t t h e i r n e w l y
acquired l a n d , they found o weathered cabin
l e f t by t h e p r e v i o u s o w n e r .
I t was t o be
t h e i r home u n t i l t h e y c o u l d b u i l d an a d d i t i o n a few y e a r s l a t e r .
T h e r e was a l s o a
good-sized barn.
Louis used i t t o house h i s
f o u r mules and t o s t a r e h i s f a r m i n g implements.
A m u l e was t h e D r e f e r e d b e a s t o f b u r -
den because j t i n h e r i t s its s t r e n g t h from
i t s mother, a horse, and i t s endurance as
w e l l as its surefootedness from i t s f a t h e r ,
a jackass.
A m u l e i s more r e s i s t a n t t o h e a t
and d i s e a s e than a horse.
I t w i l l p u l l an
o v e r s i z e d l o a d t o i t s maximum b u t q u i t bef o r e over-exerting i t s e l f whereas a horse
w i l l push i t s e l f t o exhaustion.
Also, i f a
mule g e t s l o o s e i n a barn and g e t s i n t o t h e
f e e d , i t w i l l eat o n l y what it needs whereas a h o r s e w i l l e a t u n t i l i t ' s s i c k .
And a
m ~ l ew i l l d r i n k n i u d d y w a t e r w h i c h a s e l f r e s p e c t i n g horse would s n o r t at.
I n o r d e r t o make o p r o f i t , h u g e c r o p s
o f c o t t o n , c o r n a n d s o y b e a n s were n e e d e d .
T h e b a c k - b r e a k i n g work p r o v e d t o b e t o o much
f o r L o u i s w h c was n o w f i f t y - t h r e e y e a r s o l d
and h i s sons s o they r e s o r t e d t o sharecropping.
s h a r e c r o p p i n g was a s y s t e m w i d e l y
u s e d i n t h e s o u t h a f t e r t h e C i v i l War.
In
t h i s system, o land-owner provided lnnd,
e q u i p m e n t , a n i m a l s , f e e d a n d l i v i n g accomod a t i o n s f o r a sharecropper and h i s family.
In r e t u r n , t h e sharecropper provided l a b o r
a n d r e c e i v e d a share o f t h e p r o f i t .
When
Louis advertised f o r a sharecropper, a black
family answered.
Both families worked tog e t h e r and, w i t h i n weeks, had b u i l t a s t u r d y
c a b i n f a r t h e s h a r e c r o p p e r a n d h i s family.
The f a m i l i e s g o t a l o n g v e r y well.
I rememb e r , f o r i n s t a n c e , my g r a n d m o t h e r t e l l i n g me
how h e r m o t h e r t o o k c a r e o f t h e s h o r e c r o p p e r ' s c h i l d r e n w h e n t h e i r m o t h e r was
s i c k a n d how s h e t a u g h t t h e m t o s p e a k F r e n c h .
I n 1900, L o u i s a n d M a r g u e r i t e c a m e b o c k
w i t h P i e r r e and L o u i s e t o l i v e i n Harrisv i l l e with t h e i r daughter, Delio, and her
husband, Jean L e b l a n c .
Simon s t a y e d i n A r k a n s a s b e c a u s e h e h o d m a r r i e d M a r y Reed,
t h e d a u g h t e r o f Reuben Reed o f F a u l k n e r
C o u n t y i n 1889.
L o u i s p a s s e d away o n M a r c h l o t h , 1905
a n d M a r g u e r i t e d i e d on N o v e m b e r 2 2 n d , 1 9 i 5 .
They a r e b u r i e d s i d e b y s i d e i n S t . P a t r i c k
Cemetery i n H a r r i s v i l l e .
Here's Louis'
genealogy:
Rene Gaumond a n d J e a n n e d ' A l l o i s n e
S t . Nicolos-des-Chomps,
Paris, France
of
on
R o b e r t Gaurnond m a r r i e d L o u i s e R o b i n
26/10/1671 a t C h a t e a u - R i c h e r , Quebec
G e r m a i n Gaumond m a r r i e d M a r i e B a l a r d
on 1 6 / 1 1 / 1 7 0 0 a t S t . Thomas, Q u e b e c
Arnand Gaumond m a r r i e d G e n e v i e v e D u f r e s n e
on 1 4 / 1 1 / 1 7 3 5 a t S t . L a u r e n t , I l e d ' o r l e a n s
Amand Gaumond r ! a r r i e d M a r i e - J o s e p h 8 o u l e
on 1 8 / 1 / 1 7 6 2 a t S t . Thomas, Q u e b e c
Arnond Gaurnond m a r r i e d J o s e p h t e A r c h a m b a u l t
on 17/9/1792 a t S t . A n t o i n e de V e r c h e r e s
J e a n - B a p t i s t e Goumond m . F r a n c o i s e D i o n
on 5 / 3 / 1 8 2 1 a t L a P r e s e n t a t i o n , Q u e b e c
L o u i s Goumond m . M a r g u e r i t e A r c h a m b o u l t
on 1 5 / 9 / 1 8 4 6 a t S t . H y a c i n t h e , Quebec
And h e r e ' s M a r g u e r i t e ' s
genealogy:
Jacques Archambault m. F r a n c o i s e Taureau
i n 1620 a t M o n t r e a l , Q u e b e c
L a u r e n t Archambault m. C a t h e r i n e Morchand
on 7 / 1 / 1 6 6 0 a t M o n t r e a l , Q u e b e c
on
P i e r r e A r c h a m b a u l t m. M a r i e Lacombe
21/11/1701 a t Pte.-aux-Trembles,
Montreal
P i e r r e A r c h a m b a u l t rn
M a r g - A n g e l i q u e Hogue
on 1 7 / 1 1 / 1 7 2 7 a t R i v e d e s P r a i r i e s , M o n t r e a l
J o s A r c h a m b a u l t m. M a r i e D e s o n g e s d e M e u n i e r
on 18/10/1762 a t S t . C h a r l e s , M o n t r e a l
Joseph Archambault m a r r i e d L o u i s e L u s s i e r
on 5 / 8 / 1 7 8 4 a t S t . D e n i s ,
Montreal,
Quebec
J.-B.
Archambault m. A n g e l i q u e G r e n i e r
on 7 / 1 0 / 1 8 2 8 a t S t . D e n i s , M o n t r e a l , Q u e b e c
M a r g u e r i t e A r c h a m b a u l t m . L o u i s Goumond
on 1 5 / 9 / 1 8 4 6 a t S t . H y a c i n t h e , Quebec
CYRIAC AND WILFRED GENDREAU
by Sarah F i t z g e r a l d
M o s t g e n e a l o g i s t s have a b a r e bone approach.
They s i m p y g a t h e r ' h a t c h , m o t c h
and d i s p a t c h ' f a c t s , t h a t i s t h e y c o n t e n t
t h e m s e l v e s w i t h t h e i r a n c e s t o r s ' d a t e s and
p l a c e s o f b i r t h , m a r r i o g e and d e a t h .
We
who h a v e F r e n c h - C o n a d i a n a n c e s t r y a r e p o r ticularly guilty of this.
We o f t e n l i m i t
ourselves t o the information i n o repert o i r e : t h e d a t e and p l a c e o f m a r r i a g e o f
I
e a c h a n c e s t o r a n d t h e s p o u s e ' s name.
t r y t o p u t f l e s h on t h o s e b a r e b o n e s .
I
t r y t o make an a n c e s t o r m o r e t h a n j u s t a
name.
I t r y t o make h i m a r e a l p e r s o n .
H e r e ' s what I ' v e been a b l e t o l e a r n a b o u t
my h u s b a n d ' s g r e a t g r a n d f a t h e r j u s t b y
using various certificates, directories,
and c e n s u s e s as w e l l as t a l k i n g t o e l d e r s .
C y r i a c G e n d r e a u was p r o b a b l y b o r n i n
S a i n t N i c o l a s , QC, a r o u n d 1 8 3 3 .
H i s par e n t s were C y r i a c Gendreau and Sophia LaFrance.
C y r i a c m a r r i e d M a r i e Guimond i n Wott o n , QC, on F e b r u o r y 1 3 t h , 1 8 6 1 .
Accordi n g t o t h e c e n s u s e s o f 1 8 6 1 a n d 1871, h e
was a f a r m e r .
The f o r m e r c e n s u s t e l l s u s
t h o t h e was s t i l l l i v i n g w i t h h i s p a r e n t s .
The l a t t e r t e l l s u s t h o t he h o d t a k e n o v e r
t h e f a m i l y f o r m because h i s f a t h e r hod r e I t also
t i r e d and h i s m o t h e r had d i e d .
t e l l s u s t h o t h i s f a t h e r had r e m a r r i e d .
That census l i s t s 5 c h i l d r e n : Napoleon, 8;
F r e d e r i c , 8 ; M o i s e , 5; W i l f r e d , 3, and
Edward, 1 .
Cyriac apparently
brought h i s f a m i l y
t o L o w e l l , M a s s a c h u s e t t s , i n 1876 b u t l i t t l e
i s known o f h i m t h e r e .
E v i d e n t l y , h i s son,
W i l f r e d , n e v e r spoke o f h i m .
From v a r i o u s
c i t y d i r e c t o r i e s , we l e a r n t h a t h e was an
o p e r a t i v e , t h a t h e l i v e d a t 149 M a r k e t
S t r e e t f r o m 1878 t o 1 8 8 3 .
I n 1885, h e was
l i v i n g a t 2 H i l l ' s B l o c k on Dodge S t r e e t .
H i s name t h e n d i s a p p e a r s f r o m t h e d i r e c t o r y
b u t h i s w i f e ' s name a p p e a r s i n 1 8 8 8 .
She's
l i s t e d as a widow.
H i s d a t e and p l a c e o f
d e a t h a r e unknown.
No d e a t h c e r t i f i c a t e h a s
e v e r been l o c a t e d i n M a s s a c h u s e t t s .
Some o f
h i s c h i l d r e n r e t u r n e d t o Canada.
I t ' s poss i b l e t h a t he d i e d t h e r e w h i l e v i s i t i n g t h e m .
---
Cyriac's children
Napoleon, F r e d e r i c , a n d E d w a r d --- w e r e u n k n o w n t o h i s
g r a n d d a u g h t e r , L i l l i a n , w h o ' s my h u s b a n d ' s
mother.
T h e y may h a v e d i e d y o u n g o r r e t u r n e d t o Canada.
The k n o w n c h i l d r e n w e r e
L a u r a a n d Moses who r e t u r n e d t o C a n a d a ,
M a r y who m a r r i e d G e o r g e Mongeau w i t h
whom s h e h a d t w o c h i l d r e n : L e o a n d F l o r e n c e ,
A l e x i n a who m a r r i e d Amedee L e b r u n
w i t h whom s h e h a d f i v e c h i l d r e n : M o n i q u e ,
Isabelle,
Gertrude,
C h a r l e s and B e a t r i c e ,
A r t h u r who n e v e r m a r r i e d ,
And W i l f r e d who m a r r i e d E v e l i n a
L ' H e u r e u x w i t h whom h e h a d s i x c h i l d r e n :
I r e n e , C l o i r e , L u c i e n , V i c t o r , L u c i l l e and
L i l l i a n , my h u s b a n d ' s m o t h e r .
And h e r e ' s w h o t e l s e I ' v e b e e n a b l e t o
l e a r n a b o u t t h i s l o s t c h i l d , W i l f r e d , my
husband's grandf other, again u s i n g j u s t the
s o u r c e s which I ' v e p r e v i o u s l y mentioned
W i l f r e d ' s p l a c e of
b i r t h i s unknown.
I t ' s p r o b a b l y W a t t o n , QC, w h e r e h i s p a His d a t e o f b i r t h i s
r e n t s were m a r r i e d .
A p r i l 1 4 t h , :86C. As n o t e d e a r l i e r , h e
came t o L o w e l l w i t t - h i s p a r e n t s i n 1 8 7 6 .
A dozen years later, t h e c i t y d i r e c t o r y
l i s t s h i m a s a t a n n e r b o a r d i n g a t 35 D a v i d son S t r e e t .
& few years after that, he's
l i s t e d as a s h o e m a k e r l i v i n g a t 250 f i e r r i mock S t r e e t , t h e home o f h i s b r o t h e r - i n - l a w ,
G e o r g e Vongeou .
The 1900 C e n s u s l i s t s W i l f r e d and h i s
w i f e a s h a v i n g two c h i l d r e n : B l a n c h e , 7,
and C l a r e , 6 .
The f a m i l y wos l i v i n g i n
Dracuttown, which is n o t f a r from Lowell.
I n 7 9 ' 0 , t h e f a m i l y hod n o v e d back t o
Lowell and, according t o t h e c i t y d i r e c t o r y ,
h e was w o r k i n q a t 4 5 2 : l e r r i m o c k S t r e e t . T k e
c i t y map o f i Q 0 5 l i s t s t h e o w n e r o f t h i s
p r o p e r t y as J. H. Kinholl.
W i l f r e d ' s occup a t i o n i s l i s t e d 0s s h o e m a k e r l i v i n g a t
244 L u d l o m S t r e e t .
That y e o r ' s census
n o t e s t h a t 6 c h i l d r e n hacl b e e n b o r n b u t
o n l y 5 were l i v i n g : I r e n e , i 7 ; C l o i r e , ' 6 ;
Victor, 8; L u c i l l e , 5 ; L i l l i a n , 6 months.
The t h i r d c h i l d hod b e e n n o n e d L u c i e n a n d
he had d i e d young o f m e n i n g i t i s , a c c o r d i n g
to the family.
A second c h i l d , Lucille,
would d i e d u r i n g t h e f l u e p i d e m i c o f ! 9 i 3 .
S h e w o u l d h a v e b e e n 1 2 o r 13 y e a r s o l d .
Wilfred's daughter, Lillian, renenbers
t h a t , w h e n s h e was a g i r l , t h e f a ~ i l yw o u l d
l e a v e Lowell i n A p r i l and go t o S a l i s b u r y
Beach t o r e a d y t h e f a m i l y ' s r e n t a l c o b i n s
f o r t h e summer t o u r i s t s e o s o n .
The f a m i l y
would go back t o Lowell i n October.
In J u n e o f 1942, W i l f r e d and E v e l i n a
c e l e b r a t e d t h e i r 5 0 t h wedding anniversary.
They l i v e d t o c e l e b r a t e t h e i r 5 5 t h .
W i l f r e d d i e d t h e f a l l o w i n g y e a r . Here
h i s o b i t u a r y as i t app e a r e d i n -L ' E t-o-i l e , a F r e n c h n e w s p a p e r i n
Lowell :
is a translation of
" F r i d a y , J u n e 1 8 , 1 9 4 8 . Mr. W i l f r e d
Charles Gendreau, one of t h e o l d e s t citizens of Lowell, o r i g i n a l l y from Canado,
d i e d a t t h e home o f h i s d a u g h t e r , Mrs.
Edgar G a d b o i s , 96 Akin Avenue, last n i g h t
at the age of 80.
He was o n e o f t h e
f o u n d e r s of t h e S o c i e t y of t h e Holy Name
of Jesus.
He l e a v e s h i s w i f e , Mrs.
Eveline L'Heureux Gendreau, one son, Victor,
a n d t h r e e d a u g h t e r s , Mrs. E d g a r G a d b o i s , Mrs
H e r m i d a s D u c h a r m e , a n d Mrs. J o h n C . F i t z g e r a l d o f M i c h i g a n , two b r o t h e r s , Moses
Gendreau of Canada and A r t h u r Gendreau o f
L o w e l l , 15 g r a n d c h i l d r e n a n d 9 g r e a t g r a n d children.
The r e m o i n s r e p o s e a t t h e Archamb e o u l t F u n e r a l Home a t 3 1 1 P a w t u c k e t S t r e e t
w h e r e r e l a t i v e s a n d f r i e n d s may r e n d e r t h e i r
respects.
The f u n e r a l w i l l b e Monday morni n g w i t h a R e q u i e m tb4ass a t S a i n t L o u i s d e
F r a n c e C h u r c h a t 10 o ' c l o c k .
B u r i a l w i l l be
i n S a i n t Joseph Cemetery."
According t o the death c e r t i f i c a t e ,
Wilfred died of coronary thrombosis.
He
was l i s t e d a s a c l e r k i n a s h o e s t o r e s o
he apparently never stopped working.
He
h a d l i v e d i n L o w e l l f a r 70 y e a r s a n d c o n t r i b u t e d much t o t h e l i f e o f t h e F r e n c h
community t h e r e .
HOLIDAYS PAST
by E l a i n e Bessette S m i t h
The c e l e b r a t i o n o f C h r i s t m a s a n d New
Y e a r ' s D a y h a s c h a n g e d f o r my h u s b a n d P a u l
a n d me.
We now l i v e i n F l o r i d a w h e r e a
w h i t e Christmas i s unheard o f . Beirig h e a l t h
c o n s c i o u s , we s u b s t i t u t e c u t - u p v e g e t a b l e s
a n d d i p f o r t h e h e a v y f o o d s we o n c e a t e a t
t h i s time of the year.
We u s e A s t i - S p u monti f o r our t o a s t i n s t e a d of pepbre's
s p e c i a l brew.
M i d n i g h t Mass ha==
disl o d g e d b y o l a t e m o r n i n g one ond t h e r 6 v e i l l o n h a s g i v e n way t o a m i d - a f t e r n = n
dinner.
B e c a u s e we d o n ' t t r a v e l t o New
E n g l a n d any more, n o t e s i n C h r i s t m a s c a r d s
have r e p l a c e d v i s i t s t o r e l a t i v e s and
friends.
New Y e a r ' s D a y i s m o r e o f
t h e same.
-
O n l y one t h i n g h a s n ' t changed: t h e
f o n d memories o f h o l i d a y s p a s t .
One, i n
p a r t i c u l a r , s t a n d s o u t : t h e C h r i s t m a s season o f 1 9 2 8 !
I t was a t y p i c a l New E n g l a n d
winter.
The c o l d a n d snow h a d a d d e d t h e i r
s p e c i a l touch.
The week b e f o r e C h r i s t m a s
was f i l l e d w i t h l a s t m i n u t e s h o p p i n g a n d
baking.
S a n t a C l a u s was on o s t r e e t c o r n e r
r i n g i n g h i s b e l l f o r c o i n s f o r the needy.
The c h e s t n u t man was a l s o t h e r e h a r k i n g h i s
h o t r o a s t e d c h e s t n b t s f o r 15 c e n t s a b a g .
The d o y b e f o r e C h r i s t m a s was e s p e c i a l l y
busy w i t h c o o k i n g f a r t h e c e l e b r a t i o n t h a t
night.
E a c h y e a r , i t was h e l d a t o d i f f e r e n t
r e l a t i v e ' s house.
I t was my p o r e n t s ' t u r n
that year.
I t s t a r t e d w i t h M i d n i g h t Mass.
M y g r a n d p a r e n t s , a u n t s , u n c l e s , c o u s i n s , and
my i m m e d i a t e f a m i l y m e t a t t h e l i t t l e F r e n c h
-
c h u r c h o f S a i n t Thomas A q u i n a s w h i c h was
j u s t a b l o c k f r o m o u r home i n S p r i n g f i e l d ,
Massachu s e t t s .
R e t u r n i n g home a f t e r m a s s , t h e y o u n g e s t c h i l d was g i v e n t h e p r i v i l e d g e o f
p l a c i n g t h e C h r i s t C i l d i n t h e manger.
T h e n , t h e r e was a s h o r t b l e s s i n g f o l l o w e d
by t h e t r a d i t i o n a l t o a s t , " J o y e u x N a S l . "
P e p& r e G o u g e r h a d made t h e l i q u o r f r o m a
r e c i p e b r o u g h t o v e r by an a n c e s t o r o f h i s
I t was c a l l e d C h a r f r o m F r a n c e i n 1750.
t r e u s e b e c a u s e t h a t was i t s c o l o r .
The f o o d i n c l u d e d t h e t r a d i t i o n a l
t o u r t i g r e s (meat p i e s ) a s well a s patCs
andfishishes.
Memere made a d e l i c i o u s
chocolate cake.
A f t e r e v e r y o n e l e f t , I went w i l l i n g l y
t o bed b r i n g i n g my p r e s e n t s --- a b l o u s e
c o s t i n g 5 9 t a n d a d o l l - - - w i t h me.
We s l e p t l a t e
B r e a k f a s t was p o i n
toast.
I w o n d e r
d i g e s t i o n from t h e
a l s o amazed a t t h e
having.
t h a t C h r i s t m a s Day.
dord, t h a t i s French
e d w e d i d n ' t have i n I was
night before.
h e a r t y b r e a k f a s t I was
I r e m e m b e r mama t e l l i n g me a b o u t h e r
f a m i l y ' s t r e e e s p e c i a l l y haw d a n g e r o u s i t
was a l l l i t u p w i t h r e a l c a n d l e s .
She
t o l d me how l u c k y I was b e c a u s e h e r g i f t s
w e r e u s u a l l y j u s t an o r a n g e w i t h a f e w
n u t s a n d maybe a s m a l l t o y .
Of c o u r s e , I
d i d n ' t a p p r e c i a t e my g i f t s .
The week f o l l o w i n g C h r i s t m a s was a l s o
~ e r n s r eB e s s e t t e w a s h e d a n d
a busy one.
i r o n e d h e r b i g , w h i t e l i n e n t a b l e c l o t h . She
u s e d t w o i r o n s w h i c h s h e h e a t e d on t h e o l d ,
b l a c k s t o v e . She u s e d t h e f i r s t i r o n a n d ,
when i t c o o l e d , s h e u s e d t h e s e c o n d w h i l e
she r e - h e a t e d t h e f i r s t
-
A f t e r c h u r c h on New Y e a r ' s D a y , we v i s i t e d f a m i l y and f r i e n d s , w i s h i n g them a
Our f i r s t s t o p
"Bonne e t h e u r e u s e ann6e.I'
wos a t t h e o l d e s t r e l a t i v e s o n my f a t h e r ' s
s i d e : g r e a t , g r e a t Tante J o s e p h i n e and
O n c l e E d o u a r d P a r o os w e l l a s Grandmsre
R o s a l i e Jasmin B e s s e t t e .
Because t h e y spoke
n o E n g l i s h , I n e v e r r e a l l y g o t t o know them,
w h i c h I now r e g r e t .
A f t e r making the rounds o f r e l a t i v e s
a n d f r i e n d s , we h e a d e d f o r t h e home o f
P e p G r e a n d Membre B e s s e t t e i n N o r t h Agowam
t o j o i n t h e r e s t o f my f a t h e r ' s f a n i l y f o r
a turkey dinner w i t h a l l the trimmings.
When t h e l o d i e s c l e o r e d t h e d i s h e s f r o m t h e
t a b l e , t h e a d u l t s p l o y e d c a r d s and t h e
c h i l d r e n p l a y e d games.
T h e n , i t was d e s s e r t t i m e .
T h e r e was
a p p l e p i e , squash p i e , and c r a n b e r r y p i e ,
a l l s e r v e d w i t h l o t s o f whipped cream.
When i t wos t i m e t o l e o v e , we k n e l t
t o t h a n k God f o r w h a t He h a d g i v e n u s . We
t h e n h e a d e d home w i t h a p i e o n d many h u g s .
I ' l ln e v e r f o r g e t t h a t C h r i s t m a s a n d
t h e many o t h e r s l i k e i t I e n j o y e d when I
was y o u n g .
How I w i s h t h a t I c o u l d r e l i v e j u s t one o f them
...
-
FROM THE OLD MARQUETTE, MI, CEMETERY
by H e l e n V. Bertrand
The O l d M a r q u e t t e , M i n n e s o t a , Cemet e r y was e s t a b l i s h e d i n t h e 1 8 4 0 ' s o r
earlier.
M o s t o f t h e g r a v e s hove been
moved t o a new c e m e t e r y : H o l y C r o s s .
For
one r e a s o n o r a n o t h e r , some g r a v e s r e main.
T h e i r tombstones a r e caked w i t h
d i r t a n d , i n some c a s e s b r o k e n o r e v e n
crumbling.
H e r e ' s a l i s t o f t h e few
r e m a i n i n g tombstones which are r e a d a b l e :
Amable J O L I B O I S b .
om'
GLEASON
F r a n k CARRIER
186R
d.
b . S e p t . 17,
d . M a r c h 29,
d.
1897
1864
if397
S e p t . 1 6 , 1097
oge 50 y e a r s
L o u i s e SHARLAND d . F e b . ' 0 , 1885
age 4.2 y e a r s
Thcmos CEFORS
i ' i l l i a m HALPII.'
M i c h e l HUGHES
b. Feb.
d . Feb.
20,
20,
!252
:564
son o f J . a n d l i . 6 .
d . E4orcli 28, 7 R ; ' 3
b. S t .
c!.
J o h n , t!ew B r u n s w i c k
t4crquette, Minnesoto
June ] A , i895
age 4 9 y e a r s
C o n s t a n c e B A U D I N b . 1231
d . December 3,
1898
MEMBERS' CORNER
G e c o i n d e s membres
The p u r p o s e of t h i s
o u r members g e t i n t o u c h
f o r mutual b e n e f i t .
All
column s h o u l d b e s e n t t o
column i s t o h e l p
with each other
items f o r t h i s
the editor,
Henri Leblond,
88 J o h n S t r e e t ,
P a w t u c k e t , RI,
02861-1010,
b e f o r e May 1st i f t h e y a r e t o a p p e a r i n
the next issue.
Because space i s l i m i t e d ,
t h e y w i l l b e i n c l u d e d on a f i r s t come
f i r s t served basis.
I t e m s w i l l n o t be r e peated in successive i s s u e s .
I N OUR M A I L
We've r e c e i v e d many
Dans n o t r e c o u r r i e r l e t t e r s s i n c e o u r l o s t
issue.
For i n s t a n c e ,
M r s . P a u l i n e C l e r m o n t f r o m Notre-Dame d e
S t a n b r i d g e , Q u e b e c , s a i d how much s h e a p p r e c i a t e d t h e French s u b t i t l e s .
Mrs. J a c q u e l i n e LaBrosse M i l l e r of S t a n d i s h , M i c h i g a n , g a v e u s an i d e a f o r an a r t i c l e .
Mrs. D o r o t h y M i c h a u d S t e f a n i k of F a l l
R i v e r , M a s s a c h u s e t t s , t o l d u s how s u r p r i s e d s h e was t o f i n d i n f o r m a t i o n i n o u r
p a g e s w h i c h s h e had b e e n t r y i n g t o f i n d
M r s . Rose F i t g e r a l d of L a for 6 years.
f a y e t t e , L o u i s i a n a , Mr. J o h n P . H a l l of
C o r y , N o r t h C a r o l i n a , Mr. G e o r g e L e w i s o f
V e n t u r a , C a l i f o r n i a , a n d Mrs. L o r r a i n e
L o r a n g e of Sou t h b r i d g e , M a s s a c h u s e t t s ,
had w o r d s o f p r a i s e .
We'd l i k e t o h e a r f r o m you t o o .
Do
you have a q u e s t i o n a b o u t s o m e t h i n g w h i c h
y o u r e a d i n t h e s e p a g e s ? Do y o u h a v e a d d i t i o n a l i n f o r m a t i o n on o t o p i c w h i c h was
t r e a t e d h e r e ? Do y o u w a n t t o c o r r e c t a
m i s t a k e w h i c h y o u ' v e s p o t t e d ? Do y o u h a v e
a comment on an a r t i c l e w h i c h y o u ' d l i k e
t o m a k e ? Do y o u h a v e a s u g g e s t i o n w h i c h
may b e o f i n t e r e s t ?
I f so, w r i t e t o t h e
editor!
E v e r y l e t t e r w i l l be g i v e n h i s
f u l l a t t e n t i o n and, i f i t h a s g e n e r a l app e a l , i t w i l l be p r i n t e d i n w h o l e o r i n
p a r t s u b j e c t t o t h e l i m i t a t i o n o f space.
WORK IN P R O G R E S S
What f a m i l y a r e you
Travaux de nos m e m b r e s r e s e a r c h i n g ? W o u l d
you l i k e t o h e a r
f r o m o t h e r s who o r e w o r k i n g on t h e same
family?
We w i l l l i s t h e r e f r e e o f c h a r g e
t h e name o f t h e f a m i l y w h i c h i n t e r e s t s y o u
a l o n g w i t h y o u r name, a d d r e s s , a n d p h o n e
I f y o u o r e w o r k i n g on m o r e t h a n
number.
o n e f o m i l y , we w i l l l i s t e a c h o f t h e m as
space p e r m i t s .
BOND :
M a r y Bond
Box 128
Honnawo F a l l s ,
13647
COUTU:
Davia
NY
Coutu
P . O . Box 6 3
T a u n t o n , MA
02780
CARPENTIER:
D i a n e Dobson
4380 V i c t o r i a D r .
P o r t A l b e r n i , BC
V 9 Y 7L1, Canada
CUILLERIER-LEVEILLE:
M a r y Bond
Box 128
Hannawa F a l l s , NY
COTE:
m r a h N. P h i f e r
1276 E l m A v .
B e a u m o n t , CA
92223
DEFORGE :
D e b o r a h N. P h i f e r
1276 E l m A v .
B e a u m o n t , CA
92223
13647
FALARDEAU:
G e o r g e B. L e w i s
305 V i r g i n i a D r .
V e n t u r a , CA
93003
GERVAIS :
Deborah
N. P h i f e r
1276 E l m A v .
Beaumont, CA
92223
MEUNIER :
PLANTE:
Robert
Plante
8 2 D u n n e l l Av.
Pawtucket, R I
0 28 60
-
ROUX d i t VADEBONCOEUR:
-M a r y Bond
Box 128
Hannawa F o l l s , NY
13647
N. P h i f e r
1276 E l m Av
Beaumont, CA
92223
SAN SOUCY:
D i a n e Dobson
4380 V i c t o r i a D r
P o r t A l b e r n i , BC
V9Y 7 L 1 , C a n a d a
PETIT d i t CUILLERIER:
M a r y Bond
Box 128
Hannawa F a l l s , NY
13647
SAVOIE:
D e b o r a h N. P h i f e r
1276 E l m A v .
B e a u m o n t , CA
92223
BOOKS WANTED,
A r e you i n n e e d o f o b o o k
L i v r e s demandes t o f a c i l i t a t e y o u r r e s e a r c h ? A co-member may
h a v e t h e b o o k w h i c h i n t e r e s t s you a n d may
We'll l i s t
be w i l l i n g t o s e l l i t t o y o u .
your request a t no charge.
Send t h e name
of t h e book w h i c h y o u ' d l i k e a l o h g w i t h
y o u r name, a d d r e s s a n d p h o n e n u m b e r t o t h e
editor.
I f you have more t h a n one r e q u e s t ,
w e ' l l l i s t them i f t h e r e ' s room.
* D a v i d C o u t u , P.O. Box 6 3 , T a u n t o n , MA,
02780, i s i n t e r e s t e d i n b u y i n g a f u l l s e t
o f Tanguay's.
* E d g a r A . D u p u i s , 76 Mowry A v . , C u m b e r l a n d ,
R I , 02864, i s i n t e r e s t e d i n b u y i n g v o l u m e s
1 a n d 2 o f L e b o e u f ' s c o m p l i m e n t t o Tanguoy's.
He c a n a l s o b e r e a c h e d b y p h o n e
a t 401-726-0031.
BOOKS FOR SAT,' :-o y o u h a v e a g e n e a l o g i c a l
L i v r e s a vendre o r h i s t o r i c a l b o o k w h i c h
you n o l o n g e r u s e b u t w h i c h
may b e h e l p f u l t o o t h e r s ? A r e you i n t e r e s t e d i n s e l l i n g i t ? We w i l l l i s t y o u r b o o k
here a t no c o s t .
Send t h e name o f t h e b o o k
a n d y o u r a s k i n g p r i c e a l o n g w i t h y o u r name,
o d d r e s s and phone number t o t h e e d i t o r .
Do
you h a v e more t h a n one b o o k t o s e l l ? W e ' l l
i n c l u d e t h e m i f we c o n .
LIBRARIAN'S REPORT
Rapport du bibliothecaire
Your L i b r a r y C o m m i t t e e - Jan, Armand,
Mary, Joe and H e n r y - send g r e e t i n g s f r o m
W o o n s o c k e t , R I . We h o p e t h a t y o u r h o l i d a y s
w e r e h a p p y a n d p e a c e f u l . And we w i s h f o r
t h e v e r y b e s t o f e v e r y t h i n g f o r you a n d
yours i n t h e year ahead.
O u r F a l l C o n f e r e n c e was a r e s o u n d i n g
success.
Members came f r o m V i r g i n i a , C a l i f o r n i a , Wisconsin, M i c h i g a n , Vermont,
New H a m p s h i r e , M a s s a c h u s e t t s , M a i n e , C o n n e c t i c u t , Rhode I s l a n d a n d e v e n Q u e b e c !
I t was w o n d e r f u l t o m e e t s o many o f o u r
members.
We h o p e t h a t t h i s c o n f e r e n c e
w i l l become an a n n u a l e v e n t . We p r o v i d e d
e a c h p e r s o n who a t t e n d e d w i t h on e v a l u a t i o n f o r m so t h a t s u g g e s t i o n s c o u l d be
used f o r f u t u r e p l a n n i n g .
The r e s p o n s e s
p r a i s e d t h e speakers and t h e e n t e r t a i n m e n t .
W e ' l l keep t h i s i n mind f o r n e x t y e a r .
P a u l D e l i s l e a n d B i l l Roberge, who c o chaired t h i s event, r e a l l y deserve a l o t
o f p r a i s e f o r t h e i r e f f o r t s on b e h a l f o f
t h e AFGS a s d o a l l t h e b o a r d members who
gave so f r e e l y o f t h e i r t i m e i n p l a n n i n g
t h i s great conference.
M r . Claude Drouin ottended our F a l l
C o n f e r e n c e and d o n a t e d a t h r e e volume s e t
o f o r i g i n a l D r o u i n books t o o u r S o c i e t y .
We a r e v e r y g r o t e f u l t o h i m f o r t h i s f i n e
a d d i t i o n t o our l i b r a r y .
We're a l s o
g r a t e f u l t o h i m f o r w r i t i n g on a r t i c l e
f o r J e me s o u v i e n s w h i c h y o u ' l l f i n d on
p a g e s 4 6 and 47.
We a l s o w i s h t o t h a n k
Paul Landry f o r
t h e d o n a t i o n of h i s Londry D i c t i o n a r y and
C h o r l e s S e n e y who d o n a t e d h i s g e n e a l o g y t o
our Society.
A 1 G a b o u r y h a s d o n a t e d an
e n t i r e c o l l e c t i o n of L ' A n c e t r e a n d made i t
p o s s i b l e f o r u s t o r e c e i v e two f r e e f i l i n g
cabinets.
O u r S o c i e t y j u s t k e e p s on g r o w i n g , t h a n k s t o t h e s u p p o r t o f s o many o f
o u r members.
W
e now h a v e two m i c r o f i l m a n d two
microfiche readers a t the l i b r a r y .
We've
moved t h e L o i s e l l e F i l e , R i v e s t F i l e a n d
F a b i a n F i l e t o t h e l i b r a r y f o r t h e u s e of
o u r members.
We're e a g e r t o b u i l d up our
m i c r o f i l m and m i c r o f i c h e h o l d i n g s .
We'd
l i k e t o h e o r f r o m members w i t h s u g g e s t i o n s
o f f i l m o r f i c h e w h i c h m i g h t be h e l p f u l t o
u s a n d w h i c h we c o u l d buy.
A s I mentioned i n our l o s t i s s u e , our
book f u n d c a m p a i g n was an o u t s t a n d i n g s u c cess.
W e ' v e r a i s e d a l l t h e money we n e e d e d
t o p a y o f t h e new D r o u i n b o o k s : 5 8 , 5 0 0 .
T h i s p u r c h a s e h a s p r o v e n t o be a m a j o r a d d i t i o n t o our l i b r a r y .
These bocks o r e
used e x t e n s i v e l y .
Thank you s o much f o r
s u p p o r t i n g t h i s major f u n d - r a i s i n g e f f o r t .
T o g e t h e r we d o a c c o m p l i s h g r e a t t h i n g s .
In J u n e , w e h e l d o u r s e c o n d a n n u a l
R e c o g n i t i o n P l i g h t a t w h i c h we p u b l i c l y
t h o n k e d t h o s e members who h a v e w o r k e d s o
hard f o r our S o c i e t y over t h e p a s t y e a r .
We a l s o d e d i c a t e d a p l a q u e t o o u r p o s t
p r e s i d e n t s : Henri Leblond, Robert Q u i n t i n ,
L u c i l l e Rock, and Rev. D e n n i s B o u d r e a u .
F a t h e r B o u d r e a u was a l s o a w a r d e d a g a v e l
because h e ' s our immediate p a s t p r e s i d e n t .
R e c o g n i t i o n N i g h t was an o u t s t a n d i n g s u c cess.
W e ' r e g r a t e f u l t o a l l t h o s e who c o n t i n u e t o c o n t r i b u t e t o o u r L i b r a r y F u n d . Books
a r e s o e x p e n s i v e t h a t i t would be d i f f i c u l t
t o m a i n t a i n o u r s u p e r b l i b r a r y w i t h o u t your
generosity.
D o n a t i o n s o f money a r e a p p l i e d
t o b o o k s on o r d e r t h u s d e f r o y i n g e x p e n s e s
which t h e board has a l r e a d y approved.
Many
members a l s o d o n a t e b o o k s , m a g a z i n e s , a n d
o r i g i n a l works which a l s o d e f r a y e x p e n s e s .
The L i b r a r y C o m m i t t e e c o n t i n u e s t o c o l lect obituaries.
We h o v e j u s t c o m p l e t e d o u r
1 2 t h book o f t h e m .
This p r o j e c t i s growing
r o p i d l y , t h a n k s t o a l l o f you who p a r t i c i p a t e
i n i t . We w o u l d welcome a n y o n e who w o u l d
l i k e t o join us in t h i s i n t e r e s t i n g p r o j e c t .
We a l s o c o l l e c t w e d d i n g a n n o u n c e m e n t s .
How
a b o u t c l i p p i n g some o b i t u a r i e s , w e d d i n g a n nouncemen t s , a n n i v e r s a r y n o t i c e s , e t c . f o r
us?
I t ' s n o t time-consuming but i t ' s very
h e l p f u l t o r e s e a r c h e r s . We h a v e a v e r y
l o y a l g r o u p o f p e o p l e who c o n t i n u e t o s u p port this project.
Come a n d j o i n u s .
W e continue t o gather v i t a l records
and c o m p u t e r i z e them.
New p r o j e c t s i n c l u d e
f u n e r a l r e c o r d s from B u r l i n g t o n , V T , which
w e r e c o p i e d by P a u l L a n d r y a n d B e r n a r d O ' D a y .
Permission t o copy r e c o r d s from Menard's F u n e r a l Homes i n M a n v i l l e a n d W o o r , s o c k e t , RI,
was o b t a i n e d by l . l r s . McDonald.
David Coutu
a r r a n g e d f o r u s t o copy t h e f u n e r a l r e c o r d s
o f t h e L o m o u r e u x F u n e r a l Home i n New Bedf o r d , MA.
W e ' r e a l s o g r a t e f u l t o John C o t e
f o r a r r a n g i n g permission f o r u s t o copy
f u n e r a l r e c o r d s from Connecticut.
These
r e c o r d s a r e b e i n g c o p i e d by C h a r l e s S e n e y
and L a r r y C h o i n a r d .
Many o f o u r r e c o r d s a r e u n i q u e a n d t h e
envy of o t h e r s o c i e t i e s .
We a i m t o c o n t i n u e
t o g a t h e r r e c o r d s f r o m c h u r c h e s , town h a l l s ,
f u n e r a l homes, town r e p o r t s , e t c .
Would you
be a b l e t o g a t h e r s u c h i n f o r m a t i o n from
your a r e a ? I f s o , l e t u s know.
We'd be
g l a d t o p r o v i d e t h e c o r r e c t f o r m s f o r you
to use.
I f you have a c c e s s t o o c o p y mac h i n e , you con j u s t s e n d u s c o p i e s of t h e
o r i g i n a l s which we would o r g a n i z e h e r e .
Your L i b r a r y Committee n e e d s your h e l p .
A f t e r 011, w e ' r e o n l y f i v e members. W o n ' t
you w r i t e t o u s and l e t u s know what y o u ' r e
w i l l i n g t o do o r how we can s e r v e you b e t t e r .
Jan B u r k h a r t
Librarian
DROUIN BOOKS FUND DONORS
We o r e v e r y p l e a s e d t o a n n o u n c e t h a t ,
becouse o f t h e o u t s t a n d i n g s u p p o r t
of the
m e m b e r s h i p , we h o v e m e t o u r g o a l
t o buy a
set
o f t h e D r o u i n Books.
Thank
you
for
supporting t h i s important project.
$3000
A friend
$200
Thomas L o f o r e s t
$100
N e i l J. & Mary H e l e n Bouchard,
and Joseph A . V i n c e l e t t e
$50
Rene B e r n i e r , R e v . D e n n i s B o u d r e a u ,
D o v i d R. Coutu and H e n r i A. P a r o d i s
$30
Jerome M o n d e v i l l e
9 25
Yvonne
Morrissette
Blair,
Albino
Bourret
Bailey. Lorroine
Brenton,
Richord
J e a n Guy
Giguere, MargueJ e r o m e Manr i t e F l e u r y Kernaghan,
d e v i l l e , E r n e s t James P a i n , G i l b e r t
L . R e b i d e a u , ond Jeanne F . T h e b e r g e
$ 20
B r o t h e r Rene G a u d r e a u ,
Adrienne P . Lessard
$15
James D. G a b o u r y,
J u l i e t t e Gagnon,
A l b e r t P Gc:ipeou,
M o r y Ann L i t t l e ,
R o b e r t P l o n t e , and Foyne Seney.
$5
Helen V.
$2
S i s t e r A l i c e Ouimette
Bertrond
C.S.C.,
Jr.,
ond
RESEARCH POLICY
P l e a s e f o l l o w t h e s e s t e p s i f you w i s h t o u s e
our research scrvice:
S T E P ONE: WHAT YOU SEND
-Your r e q u e s t , and a s e l f - a d d r e s s e d
stamped e n v e l o p e
-PLEASE DO NOT SEND U S A CHECK I N ADVANCE
-Your c h o i c e o f t h e t y p e o f r e s e a r c h t o be
done a c c o r d i n g t o t h e f o l l o w i n g d e s c r i p tions:
-
A.
-
SINGLE MARRIAGE
.
( O n l y ONE m a r r i a g e t o
seek)
- M a r r i a g e s o f p a r e n t s w i l l a l s o be
c o u n t e d as a d d i t i o n a l s i n g l e marr i a g e s and b i l l e d as s u c h .
B . DIRECT LIMEAGE ( A s t r a i g h t l i n e o f
c.
o r w i f e back t o t h e
e i t h e r a hus'l;and
i m m i g r a n t ances t o r ) .
-This w i l l i n c l u d e each couple, t h e i r
d a t e and p l a c e o f marriage, and t h e i r
p a r e n t s ' names a n d l o c a t i o n o f i m grants i n France.
- P r i c e f o r d i r e c t l i n e a g e s w i l l be det e r m i n e d b y t h e number o f g e n e r a t i o n s
found times the r a t e s f o r research,
as a o ~ l i c a b l e .
FIVE-GENERAT
ION
-
ANCESTRAL CHART
& r d
5 generation ancestor c h a r t
o f 3 1 ancestors, w i t h 8 marriages
o f names
found.
The l a s t
w i l l g i v e p a r e n t s ' names o n l y ,
m a r r i a g e s , a s t h e y w i l l s t a r t a new
f i v e generation chart.
- P r i c e : $ 1 6 (AFGS m e m b e r s ) $ 2 5 n o n -
v
xmn
no
members )
A . F .G.S.
-
$2
$4
$16
$25
per
per
for
for
RESEARCH R A T E S ( S t a n d a r d )
m a r r i a g e (AGFS m e m b e r s )
m a r r i a g e (Non-members)
5 g e n e r a t i o n c h a r t (AFGS m e m b e r s )
5 g e n e r a t i o n c h a r t (Non-members)
STEP TWO:
OUR JOB
A f t e r r e c e i v i n g your request, r e t u r n env e l o p e a n d c h o i c e o f r e s e a r c h t o be p e r f o r m e d , we w i l l s t a r t i m m e d i a t e l y u p o n
your research.
We w i l l t h e n n o t i f y y o u
b y m a i l as t o o u r f i n d i n g s , and w i l l b i l l
you i n a d v a n c e f o r t h e r e s e a r c h p e r f o r m e d
u s i n g t h e r a t e s a p p l i c a b l e above.
S T E P THREE: YOUR APPROVAL
A f t e r r e c e i v i n g o u r r e p o r t and b i l l i n g
statement, r e t u r n the top p o r t i o n w i t h o
check payable t o A.F.G.S.,
and upon r e c e i p t , we w i l l t h e n f o r w a r d y o u r r e quested research.
We b e l i e v e t h a t b y f o l l o w i n g t h e s e t h r e e
s t e p s , we c a n o f f e r o u r members a much m o r e
p r o f e s s i o n a l a n d o r d e r l y way o f a n s w e r i n g
requests f o r research.
A g a i n , p l e a s e do
n o t s e n d money i n a d v a n c e .
-
The A . F . G . S .
P.S.:
Research Committee
A l l r e q u e s t s n o t f o u n d b y t h e Res e a r c h C o m m i t t e e w i l l be p l a c e d i n
t h e q u e s t i o n and answer s e c t i o n o f
See f o l l o w i n g p a g e s .
J e me sou vie^.
-
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Questions et reponses
I n keeping w i t h our present research
policy
the following marriages could n o t
be f o u n d b y o u r s t a f f .
We a r e p u b l i s h i n g
t h e m h e r e , h o p i n g t h a t o t h e r s who may s e e
them and have t h e a n s w e r s w i l l c o n t a c t u s
so t h a t
we may f o r w a r d
t h i s information
t o the appropriote researchers.
A l l answ e r s may be a d d r e s s e d t o t h e A . F . G . S .
at
P . O . Box 2113, P a w t u c k e t , R I , 0 2 8 6 1 . When
answering a question, please use the c a l l
number, e . g . 1 4 1 14/2, e t c .
P = Parents
M = Marriage date
and p l a c e
D = Descendants
s / o = son o f
d/o = daughter o f
v f . / v v e = widow /
widower o f
14/1
S e e k i n g M a n d P o f G e o r g e STEVENSON
t o V i t a l i n e LAFLEUR. T h e i r d a u g h t e r
M a r i e m a r r i e d S t a n i s l a s C h r e t i e n on
2 J u l y 1872 i n M a t a n e , PQ.
(Claude t t e Jordan)
14/2
S e e k i n g M a n d P o f J o s e p h DUGUAY t o
A p p o l i n e GOUPIL.
T h e i r son P r u d e n t
O l i v i e r m a r r i e d E x o r e e Levesque on
on 2 2 S e p t e m b e r 1863 a t B a i e d e s Sab l e s , PQ ( C l a u d e t t e J o r d a n )
14/3
S e e k i n g P a n d M o f A l e x i s RICHER t o
J e a n n e LEBLANC. T h e i r son J e a n - B a p t i s t e m a r r i e d M a r i e C h o r r o n on J u l y
24, 1810 i n S t - P i e r r e ( ? ) PQ. ( M y r t l e Pletos)
14/4
S e e k i n g P and M o f J e a n - H e n r i ESINHART t o C a t h e r i n e STANGNAL o r STAN-
GUAL.
T h e i r son B e r t h e l e m y m o r r i e d
M a r i e J e t t e on 3 J o n u o r y 1813 i n
M a r i e v i l l e , PQ. ( F r a n ~ o i s eM o r i m o t o )
14/5
S e e k i n g P o n d M o f L u d g e r PROVOST t o
V i c t o r i n e CHICOINE. T h e i r s o n L u d g e r
m o r r i e d R o s i n a A r c h a m b a u l t on A u g u s t
12, 1 9 0 1 a t E u g e n e - d e - G r a n t h a m .
Other c h i l d r e n m a r r i e d i n Southb r i d g e , MA. ( A d r i e n P r o v o s t )
14/6
S e e k i n g P o n d M o f L o u i s DESFORGES
t o M a r i e LAMOUREUX. T h e i r d a u g h t e r
L o u i s e m a r r i e d N o r c i s s e I M a r t e l on
5 November 1855 a t N o t r e - D a m e - d e S t . H y a c i n t h e , PQ. ( N o t e f r o m Res e a r c h C o m m i t t e e : LAMOUREUX may b e
an e r r o r i n r e g i s t e r r e c o r d i n g .
Any
h e l p on t h i s ? ) ( P a u l i n e C l e r m o n t )
14/7
S e e k i n g M ' s o f F o r t u n o t DESFORGES
( s / o I s a a c ond M - L o u i s e P e p i n and
v f . M a t h i l d e R o g e r ( m a r r i e d 1 Novemb e r 1887 i n M i l t o n , P Q ) ) t o 2 - M o r i e
ADAMS(S); a n d o f h i s b r o t h e r Amedee
DESFORGES t o D e l i m a LACOSTE i n t h e
H o l y o k e / S p r i n g f i e l d , MA, a r e a .
(Pauline Clermont)
14/8
S e e k i n g P a n d M o f C h a r l e s ROBIDOUX
t o M a r y BOYER i n New Y o r k o r w e s t /
rnidwest.
He r e t u r n e d t o S t - R e r n i
( N a p i e r v i l l e ) t o remarry Christine
Roy. ( G i l b e r t R e b i d e a u x )
14/9
S e e k i n g P a n d M o f J a c o b BARCOMBE /
BERTHIAUME t o S o p h i e
? c i r c a 1880's
i n Montreol area.
( M x e R . Morchond)
14/10 S e e k i n g P and
M
o f F a b i e n COUTURE t o
C h r i s t i n e COLLINS c i r c a 1 8 6 5 - 8 5 i n
P e r c e , PQ, a r e a .
Their daughter
C a t h e r i n e m a r r i e d o n 26 November
1912 a t Cap d 8 E s p o i r ( G a s p e ) , PQ.
(Phyllis Glazier)
14/11 S e e k i n g P and M o f A n d r e E s i n h a r t t o
C h a r l o t t e BARBEAU c i r c a 1 8 4 0 . C h i l d r e n i n H o l y o k e , MA. ( F r a n c o i c e M o r i moto)
1 4 / 1 2 S e e k i n g P and M o f P h i l i a s PAIN t o
M a r i e PAQUETTE.
Son S y l v i a m a r r i e d
13 J u n e 1921 i n F a l l R i v e r , MA, ( S t .
Jean-Pte) t o M-Ernestine F o u r n i e r .
(Ernest J. Pain)
14/13 S e e k i n g P and M o f Gardien/Gedeon
LAFRENAIS t o D o m i t h i l d e COULET.
Alphonse L o f r e n o i s m a r r i e d a t P r o v i d e n c e , R I , i n F e b r u a r y o f 1982 t o M.
Hermine L a f r e n a i s . ( B a r b a r a Cunningham)
1 4 / 1 4 S e e k i n g P a n d M o f J o s e p h COTE t o MAnne LAMOTHE. T h e i r d a u g h t e r M a r i e
m a r r i e d H i l a i r e C a d o r e t t on 25 O c t o b e r 1 8 7 1 i n S u t t o n , PQ.
(Claire
Mailloux)
14/15 S e e k i n g P and M o f P a t r i c k Lesperance
t o E l i s o b e t h LAZOUR/LAZURE.
Their
d a u g h t e r L i l l i a n m a r r i e d W i l l i a m Lab a d i e . (John H a l l )
ANSWERS
1 3 / 1 9 J e a n - B t e LEFEBVRE ( s / o G a b r i e l N i c o l a s and L o u i s e D u c l o s ) M - J o s e t t e
( E l i s a b e t h ) PAPILLEAU-PERIGAY) d / o
JB a n d M a r i e M o r a n d m a r r i e d o n 5 F e b r u a r y 1730 a t S t e - G e n e v i e v e - B a t i s c a n ,
PQ.
13/20
A n t o i n e C H I C O I N E ( s / o A u b i n a n d MAnne D a v i d ) H e n r i e t t e ( F r s e ) SAMUEL
( d / o Jean and Barbe Danharque m a r r i e d
on 7 June 1775 i n P e r c e , P Q .
A n c e s t o r c h a r t of
A l b e r t Joseph LAMARRE. S r .
Husband of A l i c e L. G i r o u a r d
See next page
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S e e p r e c e d i n g page
NEW MEMBERS
Ynuveaux membres
1726
J e r o m e MANDEVILLE
221 N i m i t z Road
Woonsocket, R I
02895
1732
S r . M a r g a r e t DOUCET
65 L a k e S h o r e D r i v e
Warwick, R I
02889
1727
T h e r e s e METHOT
200 P a r k A v . ( R e a r )
Woonsacket, R I
02895
1733
K i m BEAUDOIN
1806 W i l d b r i a r C t
L a Grange, K Y
4003 1
1728
Family H i s t . Library
35 NW T e m p l e S t r e e t
S a l t L a k e C i t y , UT
84!50
1734
B r i a n BOUCHER
2124 H a r k n e y H i l l Rd.
Coventry, R I
02816
1729
D o u g l a s GOBEILLE
1 4 3 - ~ o m e s t e a dA v .
R e h o b o t h , MA
02769
1735
J o a n i e FONTAINE
29 L e x i n a t o n Av
1730
R o b e r t A . MAGEAU,
25 R e g e n t Avenue
Providence, R I
02908
Jr.
1731
A l b e r t P. HEBERT
104 J o h n s o n D r . 11305
C h i c o p e e , MA
01022
1736
Edmond A. MARQUIS
65 H a r r i s o n S t r e e t
N. Kingston, R I
02852
1737
E d w a r d ROUSSEAU
583 G r a n d Ave.
Pawtucket, R I
0286 1
1751
C a r o l HANDY
2104 Wake R o b i n Rd.
Lincoln, R I
0 28 65
1757
Anne WOLFE
26 D o l l y Cam L a n e
O l d B r o o k v i l l e , NY
1 1545
1751
B a r b a r a HEMOND
2104 Wake R o b i n Rd.
Lincoln, R I
02865
1758
C a m i l l e E . DEPIN
255 V i r g i n i a A v .
Woonsocket, R I
02895
1752
MM L a w r e n c e RICHER
238 G r o v e S t r e e t
Woonsocket, R I
02895
1759
M a r i e J . FLETCHER
15 L e i g h S t r e e t
Warwick, R I
02889
1753
M i c h a e l LACHANCE
114 Meadow Road
Woonsocket, R I
02895
1760
M a r y F . MANN
27 S h e r r i D r i v e
N. P r o v i d e n c e , R I
02911
1754
J e a n n e MARCOUX
75 R e s e r v o i r Rd RFD 8
Lincoln, R I
02865
1761
M i c h e l e HALL
4 0 0 1 P o l k Lane
D e e r P a r k , TX
77536
1743
Thomas E . SCHICK
1017 C o r a l I s l e Way
L a s Vegas, NV
89108
1762
R o s e l y n KEILS
11515 R a i n d r o p D r .
Son A n t o n i o , TX
78216
1756
Maureen TAYLOR
124 T u n d a l l A v .
Providence, R I
02908
1763
G e o r g e AGHJAYAN
66 B e v e r l y Road
W o r c e s t e r , MA
0 1605
1738
J o s e p h R . RYDANT
18 J o h n s o n S t r e e t
M i l l b u r y , MA
0 1527
1745
R i t a PROVOST
16 W . W r e n t h a m Road
Cumberland, R I
0 28 6 4
1739
J o s e p h L . GELINAS
7442 C l u b f i e l d Cir/SW
H u n t s v i l l e , AL
35802
1745
M i c h e l l e PROVOST
16 W . W r e n t h a m Rood
Cumberlond, R I
0 1864
1740
D e n n i s GODIN
68 Summer S t
Manville, R I
02838
1746
D i a n a ORBON
L o v e t t Rood,
O x f o r d , MA
0 1540
1 74 1
L o r r a i n e C . DURLING
4 1 B r i d g t o n Road
Cronston, R I
0 2 9 10
1747
V e l n a C . MURPHY
4 1 O v e r f i e l d Rd
E. G r e e n w i c h , R I
174 2
G e o r g e L . BEAUDREAULT
4 Holliwell Drive
Slotersville, R I
02876
1748
M a r g u e r i t e J BALLARD
12 W h i t e T e r r a c e
M o l b o r o , MA
01752
1743
L e o n a r d M . SCHODOWSKI
37086 Cooper D r i v e
S t e r l i n g Heights, M I
4 8 3 12
1749
P a u l C o t e MCNEIL, J r
Box 945 Annex S t a t i o n
Providence, R I
02901
1744
D i a n e DOBSON
1750
D i a n e R . BOUCHER
12052 K o d i o k Lane
G r o s s V o l l e y , CA
95949
4380 V i c t o r i a Drive
P o r t A l b e r n i , BC
V 9 Y 7L1, C a n a d a
Box 246
02818
1764
R i t a M . ROUSSEAU
5 Grout Court
W o r c e s t e r , MA
01610
1771
J a c q u e s J . ROBICHAUD
842 Bernon S t r e e t
Woonsocket, R I
02895
1765
Thomas PERRY
PO B o x 6 6 0 0
B r i d g e w a t e r , NJ
08807
1772
P a u l BRUEGGEMANN
4 O l d W o r c e s t e r Road
O x f o r d , MA
0 1540
1766
L e o n a L . BOURQUE
3 5 1 West M a i n Rd
Middletawn, R I
02840
1773
Hugh RATCLIFF
8 Churchberry Court
R e i s t e r s t o w n , MD
21 136
1767
R u t h M. BLACK
5 7 2 8 NE 1 9 0 t h S t
S e a t t l e , WA
98 155
1775
M i c h a e l J . LECLERC
300 Lake S t r e e t
S e e k o n k , MA,
02771
1768
V i n c e n t C. FORTIER
113 Lowden S t r e e t
Powtucket, R I
0286 1
1776
D a n i e l J . KANE
2637 W . E a s t w o o d Av.
Chicago, I L
606 25
1769
Eugene J . MURPHY
20 A l i c e Avenue
Woonsocket, R I
0 28 95
1777
J o s e p h F . BROU
7 1 1 E. O s c e o l a Av
Lake Wales, F L
33853
1770
J a n i c e STROUT
1 Fletcher Drive
A u b u r n , MA
0 150 1
1778
A r t h u r J . LECLAIR
6 8 3 5 Ben F r a n k l i n Rd
S p r i n g f i e l d , VA
22 150
-86-
1779
L a w r e n c e CHOINIERE
16 Pasay Road
N , G r o s v e n o r d a l e , CT
06255
1781
P a t r i c i a R . GOSSELIN
5 3 4 W h i p p l e Road
Pascoag, R I
02859
1780
J u s t i n e BOWEN
106 A m b l e s i d e D r # 6 4 3
West F a l r n o u t h , MA
0 25 74
178 2
L e o A. MAYNARD
20 Goshen H e i g h t s
Moosup, CT
06354
1783
L e o A . COMEAU
539 W a t e r v i e w D r i v e
L a G r a n g e , GA
30 240
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INDEX TO NUMBER 2 5
Volume X I I I , No. I
Sumner 1990
" U C , S 5 , ,,I,,
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BPOIILIU. Piorre
OPOIIILLLIIE. 8ntolnc
BROUIILEITE. Isnhellc
BPOIIIILETTE.
BPOI1IILEIIE.
Londrv
BROUILLL,TE.
P~trrnrlllc
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III1OIIILLFTTL. Thorn..
OROIISIEhll. Arcbo-,ae
BPULf FUIIEIIaL HCUE,
Foil l i t r e . , UA
BIIULL. A d e l o l d =
BRULE. JULIE
BPULE. P r o s p e r
BIIULE. Rase
BIIUIEIIE Therere
CIR;
r~obelle
CIRlER. J.on-n.pt'.te
CIRILP. Noel
s u s r ~ ~ a iASSKIAIION
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BUTLIU. Gcnevlcre
CliBAllA ~SSCXlATIOll
C A D I T U X U. A.ll"L
ClilLLE ' ~ ~ r ~ ~ l l l n c
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CAPON AISOCIAIIO"
CARON, E u p h r ~ S l n e
CIRIIER
Jullcnne
CIMT~IL'FIILS. R I
OUOUEI. Solome
DURAllD ASSOCIATION
DURAIID. Cllbert
DURAHD. 14-DLSon(lL'
DUIIbID O1L.c
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rEDERbL C E N S I I ~ : 1900
FEDERAL CENSUSES: 1860-90
F I F P E . Eu,ebe
~ I L L I O UA S I K ~ A T I O N
rLAGEOLE, H r n r I
rLhGEOLE, I y l ~ l e
F I E I I R DE LII H E W S L E I I L R
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FOPTIN. Enilir
FORTIII. Flaicnre
F O R T I N , Lloric
rOllRIIIEII, * ~ F , , , , L
FOURIIIrLI 6 rOlliilllEli
FUNERAL H W E
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F R . AlA. U h R B l d G E S
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FRAZlER, Augustln
F R 1 2 I E R . Fabicn
FPECIIEITE. i(lsxi3
FPECllCTIE, lurelle
FREGEAU, D e l p l r i n c
F R E N C I l - C A N A D l l Y EEICLAYEI
I N NEW EllCLhNO
FPENCI+-C*II*DIAN H E B I T A G E
SOCIiTY OF I I I C H I C A N
FRENCII-CANADIAN I I I I I I C I I A T I O N
10 NEW ENGLAND
FI1EI'CH-CAIIADIAN I U I G R A T l O l i
10 I U L U U I T E D ~ T A T E I
FRE,lCII-C*II*DIA,iS
rRENCH-CANlDlbll S E r l L L R S
IN ILLINOIS
F Q E i l C H EXPLORERS
F R E N I E R ANCESTOR CHART
Augu.t'"
CERYAIS. CLcment
GERVAlS. Julienne
GERYAIS. llailc
GERVAIS. I l ~ ~ ~ l . , ~
GERVAIS, P i c r r e
GIBEAll. iilrlno
GIBEAU. F r o n c o l ,
CIBEAU. Jean-U.
GIGUERIIE A I I K I A I I O N
ClNGPAI A S S K I A T l o l l
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GAIIIIIIER, Ulch.1
G A U I I < I E P . Pow1
G A l l l l l l E R ANCESTOR CHART
CAUIRLAU ASSOC~ATIOII
CAllYlN A S S O C l A r l O N
CAIIVREAII. M o r g u e r i t e
GCLIIIEAII. Sophronlc
GENEST-LABARRE
CENCSI-LABARRE A I I O C I A l l o h
GEORIOP. William
G I R h R O . F.,llc
CIAAFL', I l c l o n i S c
ClPOUARD A I S W I A T I O N
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N O R l l l CENTRAL D I V I S I O I I
NORTH C E I I I I I A L S r A 1 I s T I c s
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R l l Y M N D , Uorie-Loulsc
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REGI1IER. J c o n - B a p t l s t r
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REGHLLII, J v l l c n
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W*SIIINGTOI( COUNTY
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W H E A T CROP
W I L L COUNTY. I L
21
II
WISCONSIN
.-
W",
rc
11-14.17
18-?8
13-25
COMING EVENTS
JANUARY 29
Business meeting
FEBRUARY 26
Business meeting
MARCH 26
Business meeting
APRIL 30
Business meeting
MAY 28
Business meeting
JUNE 25
Recognition Night
All meetingsare held in our library which islocated in the basement of the
First Universalist Church at 78 Earle Street in Woonsocket, RI. They
begin at 7 p.m. and last about an hour during which time the library is not
available for research. They are open to the public at no charge.
ABOUT OUR COVER
Our Society's seal contains its coat of arms: a shield
with an oak tree, a symbol of genealogy, above which is a
star representing the United States flanked by two fleursde-lis representing France and Quebec. Our motto is the
same a s Quebec's: "Je me souviens" (I remember). The
coat-of-arms is ringed by acorns, another symbol of
genealogy, and circled by the words "American French
Genealogical Society, 1978." The border represents the
molten wax used to seal documents. Our coat-of-arms
and seal were designed by our founder, Henri Leblond.
They are registered with the Committee on Heraldry of
the New England Historical and Genealogical Society in
Boston, MA.