EMERALD COPPER OXIDE PROJECT

Transcription

GEOLOGICAL REPORT
Kingman, Mohave County Arizona USA
TOWNSHIP 23N, Range 18W SECTION 22
Arizona County: Mohave
Latitude: 35.3622168 Longitude: -114.1924556
UTM
Prepared for:
NAPIER VENTURES INC.
2001 - 837 W Hastings Street, Vancouver, BC
Canada, V6C 3N7
T 604.294.1082 F 604.473.9138
Barry J. Price, M.Sc., P.Geo.
B.J.PRICE GEOLOGICAL CONSULTANTS INC.
Ste 815 - 470 Granville St.
Vancouver BC, V6C 1V5
604-682-1501
[email protected]
Effective December 22 2015
Emerald Isle Copper Oxide Deposit
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GEOLOGICAL REPORT
SUMMARY
The author has been retained by Napier Ventures Inc., a Vancouver-based public junior exploration
company listed on the TSX Venture Exchange in Canada to prepare a summary of the history, geology and
exploration potential of the Emerald Isle exotic oxide copper deposit situated near Chloride Arizona .
The property consists of 58 unpatented lode mining claims totalling approximately 1,095 acres owned by
Emerald Copper Corp. of 1801 Broadway, Denver, CO 80202., a Colorado Corporation in good standing.
Napier has an agreement with Emerald to explore the property.
The Chloride Copper Mine deposit situated about is hosted by Late Tertiary conglomerates and, to a lesser
extent, by Quaternary alluvium and Cretaceous granitic rocks. Copper mineralization at Chloride Copper
Mine is in the form of mineralized lenses contained within a paleochannel approximately a few thousand
feet long and up to 750 feet wide. The source of copper at Chloride Copper Mine is interpreted to be the low
grade porphyry-type copper mineralization at Alum Wash, about 3.5 miles northeast of the Chloride
Copper Mine deposit. The mineralization is characterized by dark blue to black rock similar to the Exotica
deposit, a satellite of the huge Chuquicamata copper deposit in Chile.
There have been a number of resource estimates done over the years, including Roscoe Postle Associates
(“RPA”) and Behre Dolbear. RPA has estimated in 2006, NI 43-101 compliant Indicated Mineral Resources
of the Emerald Isle copper deposit, using results of the previous drilling. At a total copper cut-off grade of
0.3% Total copper (TCu) and 10 ft. minimum vertical thickness, Indicated Mineral Resources are 2.22
million tons with an average grade of 0.62% Total Cu. At prevailing copper prices the cut-off grade can be
reviewed and this resource could possibly be expanded.
The above resource is for the exotic, conglomerate hosted copper mineralization only. Source of the oxide
mineralization clearly extends into the adjacent intrusive rocks and previous explorers have noted possible
additional oxide channels and a low grade porphyry source to the east of the Emerald Isle pit. Many of the
drillholes stop in low grade copper mineralization.
The U.S. Bureau of Mines reports indicate that a total of 1,400,000 tons were mined grading 1.0% copper
during its ownership of the property. They reported copper recovery of 80%.
The tailings produced by El Paso/U.S. Bureau of Mines are stored on site and are about 1.4 million tons
containing a grade of approximately 0.20 % copper, or 4 pounds of copper per ton of material.
In addition, low-grade mineralized material has been stored on the property.
Significantly there has been little detailed geological mapping at the property by any of the past explorers.
RPA in 2006 recommended metallurgical work, a scoping study, and drilling to test the paleochannel
exploration target south of the open pit area. The estimated cost of the recommended work was C$200,000
but this estimate after the passage of 9 years should be reviewed.
B.J Price Geological Consultants Inc.
December 2015
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For the Emerald Isle deposit, now seen to be consisting of an upper exotic oxide copper deposit of black
copper minerals in conglomerate, and an underlying lower grade porphyry copper deposit, re-evaluation of
the resource by several methods seems necessary.
While the claim situation, with two different claim holders, is as yet unresolved, and open to possible
litigation, it would be prudent For Emerald Copper not to expend large amounts until the claim situation is
satisfactorily resolved.
There is a well-defined oxide copper zone at the base of the Gila Conglomerate or Fanglomerate. This zone,
long hypothesized to originate from The Alum Wash area, uphill and to the northeast of the Emerald Isle
pit. What is not generally known is that many of the previous drillholes at Emerald Isle end in altered or
unaltered Tertiary or Cretaceous age intrusive material (loosely termed “granite” and that many of these
drillholes stop in what could be economic grades of mineralization. Also, based on limited geological
descriptions, many holes were stopped prematurely in mineralized conglomerate. Thus there could be a
large local Porphyry copper deposit immediately underlying part of the drilled area.
The best mineralization in the oxides and the distribution of mineralized intrusive material is shown in the
accompanying diagrammatic plans. The second plan shows that although the mineralized intrusive may be
cut off to the north of the pit, the southwest and northwest limits of mineralized intrusion have not been
found.
Essentially, there is a large mineralized porphyry system immediately underlying the oxide channel in the
conglomerates, and this porphyry, though low grade, covers an area roughly 2500 ft. by 1000 feet, open in
several directions. While the 440 ft. drillhole completed in 2013 did not intersect significant
mineralization, anomalous copper, cadmium, and zinc were noted in the analysis of the chips.
CONCLUSIONS
The Emerald Isle oxide copper property is a property of merit with NI -43-101 compliant resources and
exploration potential at depth, as mineralized porphyry exists under the oxide capping or channels and
many drillholes stopped in mineralization. While there are some conflicting claims held by others, the
present author concurs with the mineral surveyors that Emerald Copper Corp.’s claims are validly staked,
cover a larger and partly overlapping portion of the Emerald Isle copper deposit, and may be explored and
developed where they do not conflict with any validly staked and held claims which may co-exist.
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RECOMMENDATIONS
The following recommendations are made:
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Consider staking additional claims as required to protect the possible extensions of the deposit to
the west and south
Initiate a program of geological mapping; this has not been done in the past
Examine what core is available
Determine the mineralogy of the mineralized intrusive material; is it oxide or sulphide, and is the
mineralogy indicative of a typical porphyry copper, or is the mineralization oxides deposited in
veins or fractures from some other source?
Complete a geophysical program (magnetics and Induced Polarization) over the entire property
Orientation lines of magnetic surveys to determine if sufficient contrast exists to outline the
mineralized intrusive
Similarly, complete a program of resistivity and Induced Polarization surveys.
A fairly large program of core drilling is required:
o To deepen several holes that did not completely penetrate the mineralized zones, both
conglomerate and intrusive
o Determine whether a true porphyry is present
o And if so, what are its limits and what is its real grade of extractable copper.
Review the economics of copper recovery from the historical tailings east of the mine area
Recovery of all documentation which might at present be held by Sierra and others.
The condition of the existing SX-EW plant needs to be determined by a qualified group
The environmental aspects of the property would be reviewed (Dumps, Liners, Water etc)
All existing engineering data would have to be reviewed, in the light of present metal prices.
All present and future permit requirements would have to be investigated
Additional fee-simple land should be acquired.
A new resource study and compliant National Instrument 43-101 report prepared.
A budget with contingency is estimated at $60,000 for the initial mphase of exploration. If results warrant,
this would be followed by a drill program of 2,400 ft. estimated at an all-inclusive cost of $240,000.
Respectfully submitted
Barry J Price, M.Sc., P.Geo.
Effective Date: December 22, 2015
December 2015
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Table of Contents
SUMMARY
CONCLUSIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS
INTRODUCTION AND TERMS OF REFERENCE
RELIANCE ON OTHER EXPERTS
THE COMPANY
FIGURE 1. LOCATION MAP - ARIZONA
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FIGURE 2. LOCATION MAP – KINGMAN-LAS VEGAS
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FIGURE 3. LOCATION MAP –CHLORIDE AND EMERALD ISLE
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PROPERTY DESCRIPTION
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Description
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Agreement:
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Adjacent Claims: Sierra Resource Group Inc.
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Staking and Maintaining Claims
14
FIGURE 4. LOCATION MAP EMERALD ISLE AND MINERAL PARKFIGURE 5. CLAIM MAP OF SIERRA
CLAIMS (2012)
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CLAIM MAP FIGURE 6. EMERALD COPPER CLAIMS (2015)
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Permitting
Present Claim Status
CLIMATE, LOCAL RESOURCES, INFRASTRUCTURE AND PHYSIOGRAPHY
Physiography and Vegetation
Climate
Local Resources and Infrastructure
RECENT HISTORY OF EMERALD COPPER
Underground Workings
Historical Production
GEOLOGICAL SETTING AND MINERALIZATION
Regional Geology
FIGURE 7. REGIONAL GEOLOGY (RPA 2006)
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Local geology
Mineralization
Figure 8. Typical High Grade Emerald Isle Ore.
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Deposit Types
Genesis
FIGURE 9. CROSS SECTIONS (Roscoe Postle 2006)
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Geochemistry
PAST PRODUCTION
TAILINGS
HISTORICAL EXPLORATION
FIGURE 10. PLAN OF DRILL HOLES (RPA 2006)
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FIGURE 11. PLAN WITH CONTOURED GRADES X THICKNESS (RPA 2006)
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2013 Emerald Copper Drill program
2014 Work Program
SAMPLE PREPARATION, ANALYSES AND SECURITY
DATA VERIFICATION
MINERAL PROCESSING AND METALLURGICAL TESTING
MINERAL RESOURCE ESTIMATES
Plant
Tailings
Dumps
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, PERMITTING AND SOCIAL OR COMMUNITY IMPACT
ADJACENT PROPERTIES
Mineral Park
Polymetallic Veins Wallapai Mining Camp
FIGURE 12. POLYMETALLIC VEINS
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OTHER RELEVANT DATA AND INFORMATION
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INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS
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FIGURE 13. DIAGRAMMATIC DRILL MAP AND MINERALIZATION OUTLINEFIGURE 14. MINERALIZED
INTRUSIVE INTERCEPTS (PORPHYRY COPPER)
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EXPLORATION POTENTIAL
CONCLUSIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS
2015 Proposed Drill Program
Location Of Drill Holes
Phase 1 Exploration Program
Phase 2 Exploration program
FIGURE 15. PROPOSED DRILLHOLE LOCATIONS 2015
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REFERENCES
SIGNATURE PAGE
APPENDIX 1 – 2013 DRILL CHIP ANALYSES
APPENDIX 2. CHARTS OF COPPER ZINC AND CADMIUM IN DRILL CUTTINGS
APPENDIX 3. TAILINGS SAMPLES
APPENDIX 4 - 2013 WAYPOINTS
MAP OF KINGMAN AND CHLORIDE AREAS, 2013 TRAVERSES
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2013 WORK - LOCATION MAP AND TRACKS2013 WORK – TRAVERSE AND SAMPLES
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2013 WORK – TRAVERSE AND SAMPLES2014 WORK – NORTH TRAVERSE2014 WORK – SOUTH
TRAVERSE
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APPENDIX 5. CONTACTS
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Appendix 6. The Wallapai Mining District, Cerbat Mountains, Mohave County Arizona
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APPENDIX 7 79 Mineral Park, Ithaca Peak, Arizona, USA
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GEOLOGICAL REPORT
Emerald Isle Copper Deposit
NAPIER VENTURES INC.
INTRODUCTION AND TERMS OF REFERENCE
The author has been retained by Napier Ventures Inc., (“Napier”) a Vancouver-based public company, to
prepare a summary of the history, geology and exploration potential of the Emerald Isle exotic oxide
copper deposit situated near Chloride Arizona adjacent to the dormant Mineral Park Copper/molybdenum
mine now operated by Origen Mining LLC. Napier Ventures Inc. has a letter of intent with Emerald Copper
Corp. (a private Colorado based Corporation) concerning acquisition of the Emerald Isle Copper property
near Kingman Arizona.
RELIANCE ON OTHER EXPERTS
In this report the author has relied on several geological reports prepared by professionals to industry
standards, particularly a 43-101 Technical Report prepared by Roscoe Postle Associates of Toronto
Ontario, Canada, (“RPA”) prepared for St Genevieve Mining Corp. and dated 2004 and revised 2006. That
report describes the resources estimate prepared by RPA, which in 2006 was compliant with the
provisions of National Instrument 43-101 and which was filed on SEDAR for that company.
THE COMPANY
Napier Ventures Inc. is a junior exploration company listed on the TSX Venture Exchange. The Company
was incorporated, under the British Columbia Company Act, on 06 March 2007, under the name of Napier
Ventures Inc. The Company’s administrative office is at Suite 1010-789 West Pender Street, Vancouver, BC,
V6C 1H2 and its registered office is at Suite 1000-840 Howe Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2M1. Directors of
the company are outlined below:
Donald T. Scoretz Position: Executive Director and Interim CEO.
Mr. Scoretz offers extensive mining expertise through his leadership roles with such companies as Pacific
Asia China Energy Inc. (PACE), where he was a Director from 2006 until July 2008 (at which time PACE was
acquired by Green Dragon Gas Ltd.), and North American Oil and Minerals Inc., a private company engaged
in resource development where Mr. Scoretz held the responsibilities of CEO. Since November 2005, Mr.
Scoretz has sat on the Board of Directors of Asia Canada Energy Inc. ("ACE"), a private company with a gas
property in China, which was acquired by PACE in March 2006E. In addition to his involvement with ACE
and PACE, Mr. Scoretz has been involved with various private companies in China.
Michael P. Raftery. C.A - Chief Financial Officer Position: CFO, Director and Corporate Secretary
Mr. Raftery offers broad mining finance and operational expertise through his roles as officer and director
of numerous mineral and energy companies. Currently, Mr. Raftery is a director of KFG Resources Ltd and
an officer and a director of Paloma Resources Inc. In addition to his previous capacities as a director of
Primary Metals Inc. and an officer of Gateway Gold Corp., he was also an officer and a director of American
December 2015
Page |8
Pacific Mining Company Inc. (now Breakwater Resources Inc), Avocet Ventures Inc., and Equus Energy
Corporation (now One World Investments Inc.). Mr. Raftery is a chartered accountant, having obtained his
designation in British Columbia in 1969 and in England and Wales in 1966. Mr. Raftery has served as a
director and officer of numerous public companies since 1984. He has served as a director of Primary
Metals Inc, and was an officer and a director of: American Pacific Mining Company Inc. (now Breakwater
Resources Inc), Avocet Ventures Inc., and Equus Energy Corporation (now One World Investments Inc.). He
was also an officer of Gateway Gold Corp.
Mark T. Nesbitt. Ph.D, B.Sc. Geology Position: Director. Mark T. Nesbitt is a natural resources attorney
formerly with the firm of Fognani & Faught in Denver, Colorado specializing in domestic and international
mining transactions, agreements, negotiations, title, due diligence, corporate and general business counsel.
He received a B.S. degree in Geology from Washington State University. He received his J.D. from Gonzaga
University in Spokane, Washington. He has worked as a field exploration geologist for Teck Cominco and
Kennecott. Mr. Nesbitt is presently a director of Lomiko Metals Inc. and was a director of Capital Gold
Corporation, an issuer listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange and the NYSE Amex. Mr. Nesbitt is a member
of the International, American, Colorado and Denver Bar Associations, Rocky Mountain Mineral Law
Foundation, Mining & Metallurgical Society of America, International Mining Professionals Society and
Colorado Mining Association.
Danny Yu, Director. Mr. Yu is a retired businessman and investor and brings extensive business
knowledge and experience to the Company.
Emerald Copper Corp. (“Emerald”) registered owner of the Emerald Copper claims is a private Colorado
corporation..
December 2015
FIGURE 1. LOCATION MAP - ARIZONA
December 2015
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FIGURE 2. LOCATION MAP – KINGMAN-LAS VEGAS
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FIGURE 3. LOCATION MAP –CHLORIDE AND EMERALD ISLE
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PROPERTY DESCRIPTION
Description
There are two claim blocks partly overlapping and covering the Emerald Isle copper deposit:
1. Emerald Copper Corp. has staked 57 Unpatented Lode claims covering part of the Sierra
block. The claims cover an area of 1074 acres as listed below.
2. The Sierra Resource group Inc. (“Sierra”) claims include 37 Unpatented Lode Mining Claims
and 14 Mill-site Claims, covering a total area of approximately 178 ha (440 acres).
EMERALD COPPER CORP.
Serial No
AMC418086
AMC418087
AMC418088
AMC418089
AMC418090
AMC418091
AMC418092
AMC418093
AMC418094
AMC418095
AMC418096
AMC418097
AMC418098
AMC418099
AMC418100
AMC418101
AMC418102
AMC418103
AMC418104
AMC418105
AMC418106
AMC418107
AMC418108
AMC418109
AMC418110
AMC418111
AMC418112
AMC418113
AMC418114
AMC418115
AMC418116
AMC418117
Mining Claims, Kingman Arizona
Claim.
BKG Number
Disposition
BT 1
ACTIVE
2012054158
BT 2
ACTIVE
2012054159
BT 3
ACTIVE
2012054160
BT 4
ACTIVE
2012054161
BT 5
ACTIVE
2012054162
BT 6
ACTIVE
2012054163
BT 7
ACTIVE
2012054164
ET 8
ACTIVE
2012054165
BT 9
ACTIVE
2012054166
BT 10
ACTIVE
2012054167
ET 11
ACTIVE
2012054168
BT 12
ACTIVE
2012054169
BT 13
ACTIVE
2012054170
BT 14
ACTIVE
2012054171
BT 15
ACTIVE
2012054172
BT 16
ACTIVE
2012054173
BT 17
ACTIVE
2012054174
BT 18
ACTIVE
2012054175
BT 19
ACTIVE
2012054176
BT 20
ACTIVE
2012054177
BT 21
ACTIVE
2012054178
BT 22
ACTIVE
2012054179
BT 23
ACTIVE
2012054180
BT 24
ACTIVE
2012054181
BT 25
ACTIVE
2012054182
ST 26
ACTIVE
2012054183
BT 27
ACTIVE
2012054184
ST 28
ACTIVE
2012054185
JLR 1
ACTIVE
2012054189
JLR 2
ACTIVE
2012054190
JLR 3
ACTIVE
2012054191
JLR 4
ACTIVE
2012054192
Area acres
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
December 2015
AMC418118
AMC418119
AMC418120
AMC418121
AMC418122
AMC418123
AMC418124
AMC418125
AMC418126
AMC418127
AMC418128
AMC 418129
AMC 418130
AMC418131
AMC418132
AMC418133
AMC418134
AMC418135
AMC418136
AMC418137
AMC 430498
AMC 430499
AMC 430500
AMC 430501
AMC 430502
57 CLAIMS
JLR 5
JLR 6
JLR 7
JLR 8
JLR 9
JLR 10
JLR 11
JLR 12
JLR 13
JLR 14
JLR 15
JLR 16
JLR 17
JLR 18
JLR 19
JLR 20
JLR 21
JLR 22
YJBS 37
YJBS 38
BD 1
BD 2
BD 3
BD 4
BD 5
2012054193
2012054194
2012054195
2012054196
2012054197
2012054198
2012054199
2012054200
2012054201
2012054202
2012054203
2012054204
2012054205
2012054206
2012054207
2012054208
2012054209
2012054210
2012054186
2012054187
2015006925
2015006923
2015006924
2015006926
2015006927
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
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20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
20.66
1074
The property is owned by Emerald Copper Corp. of 1801 Broadway, Denver, Colorado, a Colorado
Corporation in good standing. Napier has an agreement with Emerald to explore the property. The
Emerald Copper claims were staked on the basis of open ground in some areas and the possibility
that some of the Sierra claims, particularly the Millsite claims are in contravention of one or more
clauses of the 1872 mining law.
Agreement:
Napier has entered into an asset purchase agreement (the “Agreement”) with Emerald Copper
Corp, whereby the Napier will acquire a 100% interest in 57 unpatented mining claims in Mohave
County, Arizona (the “Emerald Isle Property”) as well as 21 unpatented mining claims in Dolores
County, Colorado (together with the Emerald Isle Property, the “Claims”).
As consideration for the Claims, Napier will grant to the Vendor a 2% net smelter returns royalty on
all valuable minerals produced from the Claims. Napier will also pay the Vendor $200,000 pursuant
to an unsecured promissory note (the “Note”). The Note will mature on the date that is 3 years from
the date of closing of the acquisition of the Claims, provided that it will be accelerated in the event
of the commencement of commercial production from the Claims, the abandonment of the Claims
by the Company or upon the sale of the Claims. The Note will bear simple interest at 8% per annum
which shall accrue to maturity and which may be converted into common shares of the Company at
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the option of the Company at any time at a conversion price equal to the 15 day volume-weighted
average trading price of the Company’s shares at the time of conversion.
The acquisition of the Claims is subject to the approval of the TSX Venture Exchange (the “TSXV”).
Adjacent Claims: Sierra Resource Group Inc.
Sierra Resource Group, Inc. ( (SIRG) originally owned claims in the same general area covering
part of the mineralized system. Sierra Resource Group Inc. (OTCBB:SIRG) was a U.S based “over
the counter” exploration and mining company which had 90% ownership of the Chloride Copper
Mine (the "Mine") located near Kingman Arizona. After acquiring the remaining 10% minority
interest, Sierra stated that it owns 100% of the Mine. The company was based in 9550 S. Eastern
Ave., Suite 253, Las Vegas, NV 89123, area code: (702) 462-7285 had not filed a Quarterly
statement under SEC rules since August 2013.
As of June 2015, Sierra Resource Group was placed into Bankruptcy. Status of the Emerald
claims once held by Sierra is uncertain, but assets of Sierra were purchased from the receiver
by Sunburst Minerals LLC . Sunburst Minerals, LLC is an Arizona Domestic L.L.C. filed on
January 10, 2013. The company's File Number is listed as L18167163. The Registered Agent on
file for this company is Vcorp Services LLC and is located at 300 W Clarendon Ave #230,
Phoenix, AZ 85013. The company's principal address is 300 W Clarendon Ave #230, Phoenix, AZ
85013. The company has 1 principal on record. The principal is Grand View Ventures LLC from
San Francisco CA.
The author of this report has not documented or verified the position of the claims or the accuracy of
the claim information above. The Emerald Copper claims have been surveyed by Ken Schaaf, a
professional mineral land surveyor based in Colorado. Both sets of claims are shown in Maps which
accompany this report.
Staking and Maintaining Claims
The major federal law governing locatable minerals is the Mining Law of 1872 (May 10, 1872),
which declared all valuable mineral deposits in lands belonging to the United States to be free and
open to exploration and purchase. This law provides citizens of the United States the opportunity to
explore for, discover, and purchase certain valuable mineral deposits on public domain minerals.
Any citizen of the United States, a minor who has reached the age of discretion, a corporation, and
non-citizens (aliens) who have declared their intention to become a citizen may stake a claim. A
mining claim can be located on federal lands (BLM and Forest Service) that are open to mineral
location (entry).
Lode Claims - A classic vein, ledge, or other rock in place between definite walls. A lode claim is
located by metes and bounds. The maximum length is 1,500 feet by 600 feet. (43 CFR 3841)
nominally 20 acres but actually 20.66 acres.
Mill Sites - A mill site must be located on "non-mineral lands" and must be non-contiguous to the
lode or placer with which it is associated. Its purpose is to support a lode or placer mining
operation. A mill site must include the erection of a mill or reduction works and/or may include
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other uses in support of a mining operation. Descriptions are by metes and bounds if on
unsurveyed land and by legal subdivision if on surveyed lands. The maximum size is 5 acres.
A location notice is a form that must be filed with the BLM, California State Office and your local
County Recording Office. The following information must be included on the form; date of location
of the claim/site, description of discovery monument, name of claim/site, legal description (metes
and bounds or legal subdivision), and the names and addresses of all locators.
You must file your mining claim/site location notice with the BLM Office, within 90 days from the
date of location of the claim or site and you must also file with the County Recording Office.
Recordation fees for new claims are:
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$20 Processing Fee (filing fee)
$34 Location Fee
$155 Maintenance Fee (Placer claims over 20 acres must pay an additional $155 for each 20
acres or portion thereof.)
Once a claim/site is serialized, an annual filing must be made on or before September 1, of each
year to maintain the claim site. If you have more than 10 claims, you must pay maintenance fees. If
you have 10 or fewer claims /sites, you may choose to file either the maintenance fee payment or
file the Maintenance Fee Waiver certification (a.k.a. small miners waiver). If you choose to file a
small miners waiver, then you must also perform $100 worth of labor or improvements on all
placers or lode claims during the assessment year (September 1, noon through September 1, noon).
An Assessment Work Notice (Proof of Labor) form must be filed on or before December 30, along
with the $10 filing fee per claim. For mill/tunnel sites, a Notice of Intent to Hold must be filed on or
before December 30, along with the $10 filing fee per site.
On or before September 1 of each year, you must file a maintenance fee payment of $155 for
every 20 acres or portion thereof, or a waiver which states you will do the labor for the next year.
There are no fees to file the waiver. You must file either a Notice of Intent to Hold or an Affidavit of
Assessment Work each year with the County on or before September 30 AND with the BLM on or
before December 30.
A mining claim is transferred by recording a Quit Claim Deed with the County Recorder where the
mining claim is located, and then by filing the Quit Claim Deed with the Bureau of Land
Management (BLM) State Office. The cost to file the Quit Claim Deed with the BLM is $10.00 per
claimant, per claim. (Please call the County Recorder's Office for their fees). Quit Claim Deeds are
usually found at office supply stores.
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FIGURE 4. LOCATION MAP EMERALD ISLE AND MINERAL PARK
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FIGURE 5. CLAIM MAP OF SIERRA CLAIMS (2012)
CLAIM
MAP
December 2015
FIGURE 6. EMERALD COPPER CLAIMS (2015)
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Permitting
On June 18, 2013, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Arizona State Office, received a personal
bond from Emerald Copper Corp., which was secured by a financial guarantee in the form of two
checks with a total amount of $4,734.
The bond was submitted to provide for surface reclamation on notice-level operations, serialized as
AZA36286 and filed with the Kingman Field Office. The Field Office determined the cost estimate
required for surface reclamation on operations conducted under this notice to be $4,734.
The bond and financial documents have been examined and found satisfactory. Therefore, the bond
is accepted, effective June 18, 2013. The BLM will maintain the bond. The funds will be retained in a
suspense account until all terms and conditions of the notice of operations have been fulfilled or
until satisfactory replacement bond coverage has been accepted, at which time a refund of the
deposit will be authorized.
Present Claim Status
At present there remains 2 sets of claims at Emerald Isle. Status of the former Sierra claims is
uncertain. The author examined numerous claim posts belonging to the Emerald Copper/Napier
claims in the field and believe them to be properly staked. A title opinion by Ernest Schaaf, US
Mineral Land Surveyor and further documentation by Ken Schaaf, Mineral Surveyor, Southwest
Land Surveying and Consulting, of Delta, Colorado outlines the numerous defects in title to many of
the Former Sierra claims. A summary By Mark T. Nesbit, Director of Napier, geologist and Attorney
at law, Denver Colorado states, in part:
“ECC’s (Emerald Copper Corp.) Claims were carefully surveyed and properly located and have
been subsequently maintained in full accordance with U.S. and State of Arizona laws. Some of
ECC’s Claims do, however, overlie mining claims that were located prior to and are currently
owned or otherwise controlled by Sierra Resource Group, Inc. (“Sierra’s Claims”), but Sierra’s
Claims have many defects and I believe many are invalid.
Before giving you examples of fatal defects, I must state that the mining law of the U.S. is based
on a principle of self-initiation, meaning a mining claim is created by individual acts of
location. Therefore, mining claims located by different claimants are often located over the
same ground. This is a problem because neither the U.S. nor state government will certify
which mining claims are valid. Consequently, the general rule in the U.S. is that disputes
between rival claimants regarding the validity of conflicting mining claims are resolved in civil
court.
Regarding Sierra’s Claims, it located a number of its claims over its own prior existing mining
claims, which results in the entire relocated claim being void ab initio. Further, Sierra’s Claims
in part consist of 15 mill sites having an area of 5 ac. each.
It is a legal condition for a mill site mining claim to be valid that the ground it covers be nonmineral in character, meaning the ground does not contain anomalous levels of valuable
minerals. In this case, Emerald Copper Corp. has in its possession historical records that
anomalous concentrations of copper do in fact exist under Sierra’s mill sites. In this regard,
Emerald Copper has an approved plan to drill an exploration hole to confirm the existence of
December 2015
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anomalous copper underneath the mill sites. Confirmation would conclusively invalidate all of
Sierra’s millsites and strengthen the validity of the lode mining claims Emerald Copper located
over the mill site ground.
In conclusion and based on what I know at this time, it is my belief that Emerald Copper Corp’s
mining claims are valid and control the greater part of the Emerald Isle mineral resource. In
this regard, however, I recommend obtaining a detailed title report concerning both ECC's and
Sierra’s Claims from a certified professional mineral landman. This report will identify all the
strengths and defects of both claim groups and enable one to make sound legal and business
decisions with respect to moving forward with the development of the Emerald Isle mineral
resource.”
The present author concurs with the above experts that Emerald Copper Corp.’s claims are validly
staked, cover a larger and partly overlapping portion of the Emerald Isle copper deposit, and may
be explored and developed where they do not conflict with any validly staked and held claims
which may co-exist.
CLIMATE, LOCAL RESOURCES, INFRASTRUCTURE AND PHYSIOGRAPHY
Physiography and Vegetation
The property lies on the western flank of the Cerbat Mountains and extends into the relatively flat
pediment. Vegetation is sparse and of the desert type, being confined largely to the valleys and
lower slopes of the mountains. It consists chiefly of cacti, sage, yuccas, groasewood, soapweed, and
a scanty growth of grasses. Scrub pinon or juniper is found in open groves and is particularly
abundant in Mineral Park.
Climate
The climate is arid, with mild winters and hot summers. The average temperature of the summer
months is high, but the heat is allayed by cool nights, low humidity, and a more or less constant
breeze. The annual precipitation is low. It is chiefly rain except in the higher
mountains where snow falls in winter, but usually most of the snow melts within a short time. In
summer the precipitation is largely concentrated in cloudbursts. Mining operations can be carried
on throughout the year.
Local Resources and Infrastructure
The property is close to the major city of Kingman and the small settlement of Chloride. The
population of Kingman is about 10,000, and the city is situated close to US Interstate
Highway 40 within Wallapai Mining District, Mohave County, Arizona. Power is available on or very
near to the property and the source of water for Chloride lies within a mile. Rail facilities exist in
Kingman. Labour is available locally.
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On the property are an office/security trailer, and the remains of the SX-EW plant. Condition of
this plant is unknown. Although power was at one time connected to the plant, at present
there is no power. There are a number of water wells but there is no active water.
Well
WELL LOCATIONS
EMERALD ISLE AREA
Cadastral (T23N, R18W)
EASTING
UTM (Zone 11)
NORTHING
A
Sec 10, SW, SW, SE
755,193
3,919,843
B
Sec 15, NE, NE, NW
755,091
3,919,520
C
Sec 15, NW, SE, NE
755,308
3,919,158
RECENT HISTORY OF EMERALD COPPER
Mining activity began at Mineral Park in approximately 1871 at the foot of Ithaca Peak. The town of
Mineral Park was the largest settlement in Mohave County in 1872 and in that year a post office
was established. In 1873, Mineral Park became the county seat.
The past-producing Emerald Isle open pit mine situated about two miles from Mineral Park has
produced copper on a number of occasions over the past 30 years. The mine was originally
developed as a joint venture between the United States Bureau of Mines and El Paso Natural Gas in
the early 1970’s as an acid leach operation with iron precipitation of copper.
1980 In 1980, TSC Enterprises, Inc. (TSC) acquired the Emerald Isle Property from El
Paso, but the property remained inactive.
1987, TSC was acquired by Arimetco, Inc. (Arimetco) and produced some 100,300 lbs. of cement
copper (82% Cu) from the open pit.
1992 In 1992, TSC commissioned an 8,000 lbs./day SX-EW plant and reportedly produced
1,152,663 lbs. of copper from 162,565 tons with an average head grade of 0.57% total copper
(TCu). These figures equate to a copper recovery of 62%.
1997 Arimetco International Inc. was cease traded, the US Subsidiary was bankrupt. Jon A.
McKinney Senior V. President and CFO.
2003, TSC changed its name to Western Consolidated Resources (Western). H.R. Shipes, president
of TSC and Western.
2004. St. Geneviève announce the acquisition of two past producing copper mines, the Zonia Mine
and the Emerald Isle Mine, in the state of Arizona, USA. St. Geneviève acquired the 3,100-acre
property (720 patented and 2,100 un-patented) from the bankrupt estate of Arimetco Resources
Inc. for the sum of US$350,000.
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St. Geneviève acquired the 140-acre Emerald Isle Mine property from Western Consolidated
Resources Inc. for a consideration of US$2.4 million consisting of cash and shares subject to
regulatory approval. The acquisition was at the following purchase price:
 An amount of US$200,000 paid in June 2004;
 An amount of US$250,000 payable on September 18, 2004; and
 6,500,000 common shares of the company to be issued when the regulatory approvals are
obtained.
During November and December 2004, SGV completed a program of confirmation drilling that
totaled 5,530 ft. in 18 reverse circulation drill (RCD) holes.
2006. Roscoe Postle Associates, A major Canadian consulting and Engineering firm completed a
NI 43-101 report and a resources estimate for SGV. Block model by Eric Fier.
2008 Ascendant Copper Corp. acquired all of the outstanding common shares and options of
Redstone Mining Corporation, formerly SGV in by way of a plan of arrangement under to the
Canada Business Corporations Act dated January 16, 2008, and amended on February 15, 2008. in
exchange for 31,632,582 common shares of Ascendant. SGV became a wholly owned subsidiary of
Ascendant. Ascendant president and CEO Gerald E Davis.
2008 Ascendant became Copper Mesa Mining Corp. TSX listed co. However the co. arranged a
$2.3 million bridge loan pledging the Redstone (SGV) properties. It fell in default and assigned
these RMC properties to the lender. In September 2009 the company was cease traded for failing to
file . The lender may have been Medina
2009 Jaime S. Gomez visited the property and purported to purchase the property from Copper
Mesa for Quri Resources Inc. The purchase failed and Jaime Gomez was sanctioned by the
SEC.
2010: January 19, 2010 Copper Mesa Mining Corporation was delisted by the TSX at the close of
market on February 19, 2010 for failure to meet the continued listing requirements of TSX.
2010 In April 2010 Sierra Resource Group Inc. acquired the rights to the property with the plans
to update the permits to the mine and SX-EW Plant and bring the site back into full production. On
April 23, 2010, Sierra entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with
Medina Property Group LLC, a Florida limited liability company.
2010. Emerald Copper Corp. staked claims over the area to cover open ground and the Sierra
claims which may be invalid. A limited amount of work was done including one drillhole in 2013,
described elsewhere in this report.
2015. Sierra completed little work on the property from 2010 to 2014 and in 2015 was placed into
bankruptcy
Underground Workings
A 1944 news item on the property reported that: “Two shafts 100 feet deep have been sunk on the
property and around 1,600 feet of lateral workings - drifts and crosscuts. Work is now being carried
on at a place about 50 feet in the northerly direction from the bottom of one of the shafts. The
“orebody” at this place is about 10 feet wide and runs around 10 percent (copper). A carload a day is
being shipped to the Phelps Dodge smelter at Clarkdale. ” There is an open pit where 50,000 tons of
December 2015
P a g e | 23
ore have been taken out in the past by old timers and previous operators. From this pit will be taken
the low grade ore which runs around 2 percent.
Historical Production
Arimetco began heap leach operations at Emerald Isle Mine in July 1992. A total of 162,565 tons of
ore grading 0.57% copper were loaded onto the leach pad through May 1993, and no additional ore
has been added since that time as operations were suspended in September 1993. The ore loaded
to the leach pad at Emerald Isle contained approximately 1,864,942 pounds of copper and a total of
1,132,663 pounds of copper cathode were shipped from this site. This indicates a recovery figure
for Emerald Isle of 62%. This data is outlined below:
ARIMETCO COPPER PRODUCTION – 1992-1993
Month
Pre Prod. Stock
Pile
July -92
Aug – 92
Sept – 92
Oct - 92
Nov - 92
Dec - 92
Jan-93
Feb-93
Mar-93
April-93
May-93
Jun-93
Jul-93
Aug-93
Sept-93
Production
Grade
Cu
to the Pad
Aggregate Cu
To the Pad
Cu Shipped
Aggregate
Cu Shipped
Cu
Recovery
Tons
% Cu
Lbs Cu
Lbs Cu
Lbs Cu
Lbs Cu
%
33,365
0.43
286,939
286,939
0
21,525
19,775
10,785
9,275
0
945
9,975
14,045
16,015
28,050
0
0
0
0
162,565
0.00
0.56
0.50
0,56
0.87
0.00
0.69
0.62
0.50
0.51
0.70
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.57
0
248,090
220,300
120,904
101,365
0
13,041
123,690
149,450
153,163
377,300
0
0
0
0
1,794,242
286,939
536,629
766,010
806,023
1,040,308
1,048,308
1,001,349
1,105,039
1,334,406
1,487,642
1,864,042
1,864,042
1,864,042
1,864,042
1,864,042
1,864,942
95,976
96,017
144,066
40,059
90,002
96,070
0
0
95,991
48,007
48,135
144, 052
96,025
48,027
98,137
900, 536
95,978
101,093
336,078
384,137
480,210
676,289
676,289
676,289
672,280
720,287
708,422
912,474
1,006,499
1,056,526
1,152,003
1,152,003
33%
36%
44%
43%
35%
43%
46%
55%
50%
46%
41%
40%
54%
57%
62%
62%
GEOLOGICAL SETTING AND MINERALIZATION
Regional Geology
The Emerald Isle property is located in the Cerbat Mountains, a typical block-faulted range
of the Basin and Range physiographic province of northwestern Arizona.
The Cerbat Mountains are a typical block‐faulted range of the Basin and Range physiographic
province of the southwest United States and are underlain by a strongly deformed package of
Precambrian rocks including quartz feldspar gneiss, amphibolite schist, and biotite schist intruded
by both Precambrian diorite and granite (Thomas, 1949) and by Laramide intrusions. Normal faults
bound the Cerbats on both the east and west sides, with a minor rotational component, resulting in
the range being tilted 15° to the east.
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FIGURE 7. REGIONAL GEOLOGY (RPA 2006)
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The Cerbat Mountain Range is composed primarily of three distinct rock sequences; from
oldest to youngest they are:
1) strongly to weakly foliated Precambrian rocks including quartz feldspar gneiss,
amphibolite schist, biotite schist, and metadiorites,
2) Precambrian granite gneiss, and
3) Laramide quartz monzonite porphyries of various textures.
In addition, in the eastern and southern portions of the Cerbat Range the above rocks are
unconformably overlain by Miocene felsic to intermediate volcanic rocks.
The Emerald Isle and Mineral Park mines are located in the center of the 6.5 km wide by 18 km long
Wallapai Mining District that is defined by the lateral extent of base and precious metal veining.
Mineralization in the district is strongly zoned with gold in the outermost zone, then silver, leadzinc, and copper, with molybdenum in the innermost zone. This is characteristic of major coppermolybdenum districts.
The Mineral Park area hosts the strongest mineralization and hydrothermal alteration in the
district. There are two other altered zones known as Alum Wash and Little Ithaca. The Emerald Isle
property is an “exotic” oxide copper deposit that may be related to mineralization at Alum Wash or
another porphyry center adjacent to the mine.
Local geology
There is no adequate geological map for the local geology at Emerald Isle.
The Emerald Isle Property is underlain by the Late Tertiary Gila Conglomerate and Cretaceous
granitic rocks similar to those present at the nearby Mineral Park Mine. To the south, the area is
covered by Quaternary alluvium. There is very little outcrop, but rock descriptions from drill holes
suggests that the entire area is underlain by porphyritic granitoid rocks that are variably
mineralized.
Mineralization
The following is reproduced from a historical document:
mineralization at Emerald Isle, as follows:
There are four types of copper
1. The first type is primary fissure vein mineralization containing copper sulphides (Thomas,
1949). This was the type of mineralization which was mined in 1917 and 1918, (Wallapai
Mining Camp near Chloride) but is no longer the target at the present time.
2. The second type is blanket type primary copper mineralization and has been the
exploration target during the past twenty years. It occurs within the dark conglomerate
(“Grey and Black Ore”) and is reported to consist primarily of Tenorite (CuO). This mineral
is sometimes called copper pitch or melaconite and much of it seems to be cryptocrystalline
or amorphous (Williams, 1992) and may be present with Pyrolusite (MgO), a black
isomorphs of the mineral Chrysocolla and Hydrozincite (ZnO.H2O). It is the pitchy dark
brown to black material which commonly occurs within the Gila Conglomerate.
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3. The third type of mineralization is represented by secondary copper minerals, in the form
of copper staining, such as malachite (CuCO3.Cu (OH)2) and chrysocolla (CuO.SiO2.H2O).
These minerals occur on fracture planes as well as within the matrix of the dark
conglomerate. Minor cuprite (Cu2O) and dioptase (H2CuSO4, a rare mineral of copper) have
also been identified. Chrysocolla also occurs as a thin veneer around Tenorite grains
(Williams, 1992).
4. A fourth type of mineralization not described in early accounts is the porphyry coppermolybdenum mineralization best seen at Mineral Park.
Figure 8. Typical High Grade Emerald Isle Ore.
Note the large conglomerate clasts DO NOT contain Copper.
Slabbed specimen and high grade chrysocolla below
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Deposit Types
The chief deposit types in the area are:
1. Porphyry copper/molybdenum deposits (Mineral Park, Alum Wash)
2. Polymetallic vein type deposits (Golconda etc.)
3. Exotic oxide copper deposits (Emerald Isle)
The polymetallic vein deposits of the Wallapai (Cerbat) mining camp are described by Dings
(1951): (see Appendix)
Genesis
The secondary copper mineralization present in the Emerald Isle deposit is classified as an Exotic
Ferricrete. The copper mineralization and other dissolved minerals were dissolved by the break
down by natural weathering of primary sulphide minerals. The resulting naturally occurring acid
water (sulphuric acid) carried the dissolved metals in solution until there was a change in the pH
and Eh of the hydrological environment. The change in the hydrological pH and Eh occurred in the
basal Gila conglomerate, which fill natural depressions which are structurally controlled in the
basement rocks on the down slope pediment of the Cerbat Mountain Range. The dissolved metals
were precipitated as metal oxide cements in the interstitial voids of the coarse grained Gila
sediments.
The mineralized copper deposit is contained within a paleo-channel some 2,500+ ft long, 500 ft. to
750 ft. wide and the thickness ranges from 20 ft to 300 ft., averaging about 100 ft. in the form of a
long ‘Baggett’ shaped mineralized lens. In general, the conglomerate layer has a wedge-shaped
profile, with a thin northern part and a much thicker southern part. In places, the mineralized Gila
conglomerate is absent and in other places it is very thick, possibly due to post mineralization
faulting.
The morphology of the conglomerate unit suggests that source of the copper is the low-grade
porphyry-type copper mineralization at Alum Wash, and mineralization is characterized by dark
blue to black rock, as noted above. Early work by Thomas (1949) suggested that the chrysocolla
may also be a primary mineral, because:
•
•
There are no relict grains of sulphides, or any minerals, which might have served as a
primary source of the copper.
The texture of chrysocolla, both in the vein and in the conglomerate blanket, is delicately
banded and en-crusted, which suggests that formation was by open space filling and not
replacement”.
In a 1992 report by MDA, Wendt noted that there were at least two undeveloped (not mined)
deposits with estimated resources in the range from 10 million to 20 million tons at an average
grade in the order of +0.3% Cu in the vicinity of the Emerald Isle Property (Wendt, 1992). These
were the Alum Wash and Vega’s Vug deposits adjacent to the Mineral Park. These may be within
the claim boundaries of the adjacent Mineral Park Mine.
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FIGURE 9. CROSS SECTIONS (Roscoe Postle 2006)
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There are several copper deposits in Arizona and New Mexico, which are interpreted to have
geological attributes similar to those as at Emerald Isle.
Some of these deposits include:
• Mineral Creek Deposit: Located within Ray Mineral District, Pinal County, Arizona, this
alluvial-hosted (stream gravels) deposit extends some 500 ft. along strike and is 30 ft. thick,
and is reported to contain approximately one million tons at an average grade of 0.5% Cu. It
is situated at the base of a cliff just below the porphyry copper deposit on Ray Hill. The age
of mineralization is estimated at 7,000 years and the mineral constituents are recognized as
malachite, azurite, cuprite and Tenorite (Clifton, 2004a).
• Copper Butte Deposit: Located 3 mi west of Ray Mineral District, Pinal County, Arizona,
and the deposit is hosted by stream channels within the Oligocene Whitetail Conglomerate,
and is reported to contain approximately 100,000 tons at an average grade of 3.0% Cu. The
mineral constituents are recognized as chrysocolla and copper wad (Clifton, 2004a).
• Black Copper Area: Located some 1,000 ft north of Inspiration porphyry copper deposit,
Gila County, Arizona, this deposit is hosted by stream channels within the Oligocene
Whitetail Conglomerate. It extends some 10,000 ft along strike, is 100 ft. wide, and is 75 ft.
thick. Due to its proximity the source of mineralization is believed to be the Inspiration ore
body (Clifton, 2004a).
• Tyrone Oxide Deposits: Located in Burro Mountain District, southwest New Mexico, this
deposit is situated about one mile southwest of the Tyrone porphyry copper deposit, and
interpreted to contain several bodies totaling some 100,000 tons at an average grade of
1.0% Cu. It is hosted by stream channels within the Miocene Mangas Conglomerate and the
mineral constituents are recognized as chrysocolla, black copper silicates and oxides, and
malachite. Due to its proximity the source of mineralization is believed to be the Tyrone
porphyry copper deposit (Clifton, 2004a).
Geochemistry
The Copper minerals present in the ore at the Emerald Isle ore are:
1) Chrysocolla (Cu,Al)2H2Si2O5(OH)4•nH2O,
2) Dioptase CuSiO2(OH)2,
3) Tenorite CuO, and
4) Malachite CuCaCO3
Zinc is present in the Emerald Isle ore as Hydrozincite Zn5[(OH)3CO3]2 and possibly Willemite
Zn2SiO4.
The Zinc was detected in significant quantities in sampling carried out in the pit by SGV Resources
in October 2004 and its presence in the un-mined portion of the ore body was confirmed by drilling
in December 2004. The white powdery material at the base of the heap in the adjacent photo is
suspected to be Hydrozincite that has re-precipitated as a result of desert evaporation conditions.
There is an apparent zonation to the zinc mineralization with the higher grades being found
generally on the north side of the deposit where the ration of ZnOx to CuOx is much greater than 1.
December 2015
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Rock type codes were used to simplify the entry of the Description of Material and Remarks data
from the El Paso logs.
Rock type codes are as follows:
RT#
1
2
3
4
5
6
Description
Undefined (probably the same as 2)
Overburden/Alluvium
Conglomerate/Gila
Altered Granite
Granite
Clay
PAST PRODUCTION
The U.S. Bureau of Mines reports indicate that a total of 1,400,000 tons were mined grading 1.0%
copper during its ownership of the property. They reported copper recovery of 80% which
correlates with the copper grade and tonnage of the tailings pile. An additional 235,000 pounds of
copper as cathode copper was produced by TSC Enterprises following completion of the SX/EW
plants.
TAILINGS
The tailings produced by El Paso/U.S. Bureau of Mines are stored on site and contain 0.2% copper,
or four pounds of copper per ton of tailings. A historical resource of copper contained on the
property is present in the 1.4 million tons of tailings from the El Paso/USBM. Back calculating the
ore mined and the copper recovery (80%), the tailings contain a grade of approximately 0.20 %
copper, or 4 pounds of copper per ton of material. Since this ore was previously ground to minus
100 mesh, the remaining copper will be easily recoverable in an agitated acid leach. A minimum of
4.5 million pounds of copper is recoverable from these tailings at minimal cost.
HISTORICAL EXPLORATION
Most previous exploration has been done by St Genevieve and documented by them and by Scott
Wilson Roscoe Postle (2006). There has been only limited geophysical exploration or geological
mapping. Emerald Copper Corp. has been limited by the claim situation but has drilled one reverse
circulation drill hole in 2013.
Significantly there has been little detailed geological mapping at the property by any of the
past explorers.
December 2015
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Historical Drilling
The Emerald Isle deposit has been explored by some 25,800 ft. of drilling in 90 surface rotary holes
drilled in the 1970s by El Paso and 45 reverse circulation holes drilled in the 1990s by another
company. Systematic testing of the copper bearing zone was started by Arimetco in 1987 and
continued until 1992.
During November and December 2004, St Genevieve (“SGV”) completed a program of confirmation
drilling that totalled 5,530 ft. in 18 reverse circulation drill (RCD) holes.
Fifteen of these holes twinned previous El Paso and Arimetco holes and ranged in depth from 235
ft. to 350 ft. Samples were analyzed for total copper as well as soluble copper and zinc. Due to
variability in copper results between the original and twinned holes, SGV twinned four of the RCD
holes by diamond drilling of four holes totalling 1,196 ft. Statistical examination of all the data by
RPA included discussion of QA/QC procedures.
A plan of historical drilling is presented on the following page (compiled by Roscoe Postle
Associates, 2006 for St. Genevieve). A tabulation of drill intercepts as calculated by St Genevieve in
2004 is shown below:
Emerald Isle Copper Deposit
Drill Hole Intercepts
St Genevieve, 2004
Hole #
A-2
A-3
A-3
A-3
DH92-04
DH92-27
DH92-28
DH92-29
DH92-30
DH92-31
DH92-42
DH92-43
E-004
E-004
E-005
E-007
EI-013
EP-001
EP-002
EP-003
EP-004
EP-005
From
To
Length (ft)
% TCu
220.00
281.00
400.00
509.00
40.00
230.00
245.00
215.00
242.00
245.00
0.00
5.00
130.00
200.00
88.00
190.00
290.00
73.00
73.00
24.00
46.00
44.00
290.00
334.00
442.00
517.00
60.00
235.00
260.00
235.00
252.00
250.00
55.00
10.00
135.00
245.00
128.00
256.00
330.00
223.50
143.00
85.50
121.00
89.00
70.00
53.00
42.00
8.00
20.00
5.00
15.00
20.00
10.00
5.00
55.00
5.00
5.00
45.00
40.00
66.00
40.00
150.50
70.00
61.50
75.00
45.00
0.68
0.78
0.49
0.51
0.50
0.43
0.72
0.47
0.87
0.65
0.82
0.63
0.40
0.87
0.96
0.75
0.85
0.94
1.61
1.83
1.93
0.94
December 2015
EP-007
EP-008
EP-009
EP-010
EP-011
EP-012
EP-013
EP-014
EP-015
EP-016
EP-017
EP-018
EP-019
EP-020
EP-022
EP-023
EP-024
EP-025
EP-026
EP-027
EP-028
EP-029
EP-030
EP-031
EP-032
EP-033
EP-033
EP-034
EP-035
EP-036
EP-037
EP-039
EP-040
EP-041
EP-042
EP-043
EP-044
EP-045
EP-047
EP-049
EP-049
EP-050
EP-051
EP-052
EP-053
EP-054
44.00
47.00
109.00
0.00
24.00
21.00
9.00
24.00
19.00
9.00
3.00
24.00
29.00
3.00
44.00
44.00
10.00
95.00
50.00
120.00
120.00
130.00
95.00
20.00
135.00
85.00
150.00
145.00
40.00
20.00
20.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
20.00
30.00
15.00
0.00
130.00
190.00
140.00
160.00
160.00
155.00
20.00
74.00
89.00
185.90
44.00
59.00
54.00
49.00
74.00
49.00
44.00
39.00
39.00
64.00
19.00
89.00
120.00
110.00
160.00
100.00
125.00
145.00
200.00
220.00
120.00
200.00
90.00
240.00
185.00
75.00
70.00
40.00
5.00
15.00
15.00
10.00
40.00
55.00
20.00
15.00
135.00
215.00
165.00
210.00
220.00
225.00
40.00
30.00
42.00
76.90
44.00
35.00
33.00
40.00
50.00
30.00
35.00
36.00
15.00
35.00
16.00
45.00
76.00
100.00
65.00
50.00
5.00
25.00
70.00
125.00
100.00
65.00
5.00
90.00
40.00
35.00
50.00
20.00
5.00
15.00
15.00
10.00
20.00
25.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
25.00
25.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
20.00
P a g e | 32
1.18
1.21
0.77
1.81
1.97
0.92
0.87
0.88
0.57
0.47
1.29
0.60
0.53
0.92
0.56
0.61
0.81
0.50
0.52
0.42
0.42
0.85
0.70
1.22
0.67
0.43
0.90
0.63
0.40
0.63
0.71
0.79
0.85
0.64
0.63
0.71
0.49
0.43
0.72
0.42
1.10
0.47
0.69
1.11
0.66
0.40
December 2015
EP-054
EP-055
EP-056
EP-057
EP-058
EP-059
EP-059
EP-060
EP-061
EP-062
EP-063
EP-064
EP-066
EP-067
EP-068
EP-070
EP-071
EP-072
EP-073
EP-074
EP-075
EP-076
RC93-01
RC93-02
RC93-03
110.00
175.00
180.00
190.00
145.00
185.00
250.00
125.00
185.00
180.00
195.00
215.00
220.00
160.00
135.00
215.00
225.00
215.00
250.00
205.00
250.00
220.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
225.00
220.00
230.00
225.00
175.00
190.00
255.00
155.00
240.00
225.00
270.00
260.00
300.00
250.00
220.00
220.00
300.00
290.00
270.00
220.00
280.00
260.00
50.00
60.00
50.00
115.00
45.00
50.00
35.00
30.00
5.00
5.00
30.00
55.00
45.00
75.00
45.00
80.00
90.00
85.00
5.00
75.00
75.00
20.00
15.00
30.00
40.00
30.00
30.00
10.00
P a g e | 33
0.83
0.63
0.96
0.33
0.38
0.43
0.42
0.63
0.49
0.66
0.67
0.69
0.49
0.45
0.44
0.41
0.78
0.68
0.58
0.44
0.41
0.51
0.78
0.47
0.59
Intercepts > 1.00% Copper are shaded in yellow
December 2015
FIGURE 10. PLAN OF DRILL HOLES (RPA 2006)
December 2015
P a g e | 34
FIGURE 11. PLAN WITH CONTOURED GRADES X THICKNESS (RPA 2006)
December 2015
P a g e | 35
P a g e | 36
2013 Emerald Copper Drill program
From Sept 22 to 27, 2013, accompanied by Director Donald Scoretz and Surveyor Ken Schaaf, the
present author supervised the drilling of a percussion drill hole at Emerald Copper, named PDH-1.
The drillhole was initiated within the Napier claim boundary and angled at approximately 45
degrees under a number of Millsite claims, the validity of which has not been determined. The drill
program was hampered by the activities of a watchman working for Sierra Resource Group, an OTC
public company which owns claims in the area, but proceeded with the authority of the Sherriff’s
office in Kingman.
The hole was drilled by Brown Drilling Ltd. Of Kingman Arizona supervised by John Kauffman to a
core length of 440 feet under the stacked copper tailings and leach dumps present on the Millsite
claims. The initial 3-4 sample intervals were somewhat contaminated by leakage from the copper
rich tailings above. The hole in interpreted to have penetrated about 300 feet of conglomerate of
Tertiary age, host to the adjacent Emerald Isle copper oxide deposit. At 300 ft., the nature of the
samples appear to change to granitic porphyry, which is host to some of the mineralization at
Emerald Isle and also the Mercator Minerals open pit porphyry copper/molybdenum/silver deposit
in production approximately 3 miles distant to the southeast.
While no copper mineralization was specifically identified in the chip samples, a unit of
sedimentary conglomerate from approximately 130-170 feet has copper values up to 20x
background levels accompanied by anomalous calcium, iron, magnesium, sodium and nickel. One
sample from 120-125 feet had 2440 ppm or 0.24% zinc, indicative of sphalerite or zinc carbonates.
Zinc is known to accompany the Emerald Isle oxide copper mineralization. At the suspected level of
the intrusive contact, levels of cadmium become strongly anomalous, indicating proximity to
polymetallic mineralization, often seen on the fringes of porphyry copper/molybdenum deposits.
Approximate cost of the drilling was US$14,000.00
2014 Work Program
In 2014, a small amount of work consisted of traverses by the author for prospecting and checking
on location of claim posts, outcrops and access roads.
In addition, recommendations were
prepared for a drill program to begin in 2015. Cost of this work, including transportation, meals
and accommodation and maps and reporting was Can $5,683.70 (Paid). Additional work done by
Ken Schaaf from 2010 to the present has been claim surveying and claim maintenance.
SAMPLE PREPARATION, ANALYSES AND SECURITY
All 2013 samples were prepared in Elko Nevada under the supervision of ALS Minerals Ltd., and
analyses completed at the ALS Minerals certified laboratory in North Vancouver. This laboratory is
widely used by major international exploration and mining companies. Cost of the analyses was
approximately $5,000, or approximately $60/sample. In the future, more information may be
gained by deeper drilling with diamond core equipment.
December 2015
P a g e | 37
DATA VERIFICATION
The author has not verified any of the data contained in this report but has no reason to doubt the
accuracy of work done and reported by other professionals. Considerable detail is provided by
Roscoe Postle Associates (RPA) in their 2006 NI 43-101 compliant report (SEDAR).
MINERAL PROCESSING AND METALLURGICAL TESTING
Considerable data exists in the Emerald Copper files documenting the metallurgical testing and
Mineral processing done in the past.
o
o
o
o
o
Initial mining was of high grade vein material from underground workings, This material
was shipped off-site
In the 1960’s, high grade oxides were concentrated, probably by flotation and the tailings
remain on the site
Later mining by open pit and recovery by SX-EW process plant
The metallurgy of the oxide copper resource is well documented
There have been no studies done on the intrusive hosted mineralization.
MINERAL RESOURCE ESTIMATES
In 2006, a NI 43-101 compliant resource estimate was prepared for St. Genevieve by Roscoe Postle
Associates as follows:
TABLE 1-2
RPA MINERAL RESOURCE ESTIMATE
SGV –– Emerald Isle Deposit
Indicated Mineral Resources
Cut-off grade (% TCu)
Tons (rounded)
Total Copper (% TCu)
0.8
420,000
1.00
0.7
650,000
0.91
0.6
940,000
0.83
0.5
1,380,000
0.74
0.4
1,870,000
0.66
0.3
2,220,000
0.62
0.2
2,310,000
0.60
0.1
2,330,000
0.60
Note: Tonnage is estimated using a density factor of 13.54 cu. ft./ton.
In the authors opinion, the above estimate based on drilling to 2006, is relevant and reliable and
was a current indicated mineral resource compliant with NI 43-101.
December 2015
P a g e | 38
Plant
On January 25, 2012, representatives of Rizzo Associates completed a site visit of the Chloride
Copper Mine. The Rizzo Associates team consisted of Dr. Ananda (Andy) Chakrabarti, Senior
Consultant, and K. Michael Cline, Principal Geologist.
On February 21, 2012, Rizzo Associates issued a “Trip Letter Report to Assess Status of the Chloride
Copper Mine” to Sierra. According to the “Trip Letter Report: “The SX/EW Plant is in good
condition; however, in need of minor refurbishment and the replacement of some supporting
equipment, but most of the equipment can be used and the Plant can be brought back into working
condition within a reasonable timeframe and limited expense.” The Company has not currently
defined “reasonable timeframe” or “limited expense.”
The present author has not examined the plant, but it is suspected that little value remains in the
SX-EW plant.
Tailings
In 20012-2013 Sierra examined the tailings, present to the east of the leach dumps. The tailings are
the waste product from the previous operation of the Emerald Isle Mine from 1943 to 1973 when
copper recovery was much lower than today’s recovery rates. This low recovery indicates that a
substantial amount of copper-bearing material was sent to the tailings impoundment.
The material is essentially dried loose sand at the surface with layers of copper stain indicating
residual copper content. Some of the surface sand is blown about by the winds.
Eight gridded vertical holes were drilled using an auger drill rig. Samples were then taken at
intervals of ten feet in each hole and were continued to the tailings/surface contact. There was a
total of 28 samples. All tailings samples were analyzed by the ISO 9001-accredited ALS Minerals
Laboratory in Reno, Nevada. Samples were tested for bulk specific gravity, assayed for 33 element
ICP and Cu oxide/cyanide leach ability. For the samples submitted, copper grade ranged from a
minimum of 0.16% Cu ppm to a maximum of 0.43% Cu ppm with the average being 0.36% Cu and
Zinc averaged 0.32%.
Dumps
In addition to the tailings. The existing leach pad material has existing copper inventory and a
number of low grade dumps are known to exist. These have been sampled and sample data
probably exists within the Emerald Isle files.
December 2015
P a g e | 39
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, PERMITTING AND SOCIAL OR COMMUNITY
IMPACT
Sierra has reported in 2012 that they had a revised Mine Plan of Operation which was submitted to
the BLM. The Company awarded its Aquifer Protection Permit (“APP”) work with Arizona
Department of Environmental Quality (“ADEQ”) to full-service engineering and construction firm
CDM Smith (www.cdmsmith.com) in August 2012.
Sierra then engaged CDM Smith for the work associated with its Air Quality Permit (pursuant to the
Clean Air Act), as well as all electrical work associated with building of the substation and all the
other electrical needs required to re-start mining operations. Whether this has in fact been
completed and approved is not certain. At present there are no known environmental liabilities for
Emerald Copper arising from their claims and limited exploration.
ADJACENT PROPERTIES
Mineral Park
Mercator Minerals Ltd., a TSX listed base metals mining company, operated the wholly-owned
copper/molybdenum/silver Mineral Park Mine in Arizona, USA. Until the company was palced
under Chapter 11 protection from bankrptcy.
The property is now held by Origin Mining Company LLC, an affiliate of Waterton Global Resource
Management, Cayman Corp, who purchased the assets in January 2015. Origin are now reviewing
the property for development.
The Mineral Park deposit is a porphyry copper deposit with molybdenum and silver values and a
supergene-enriched copper zone. Minor amounts of silver are present within both the hypogene
and supergene zones. The Mineral Park mine occurs within deformed Precambrian metamorphic
and igneous rocks intruded by Laramide quartz monzonite porphyry stocks and rhyolite dykes.
Copper and molybdenum mineralization occur within the porphyry stocks and surrounding rocks
and are predominately controlled by fracturing, faulting, quartz veining, chemical composition and
depositional temperature.
Copper occurs as both supergene and hypogene mineralization and molybdenum occurs as primary
hypogene mineralization, all of which are suitable for processing by standard flotation methods.
Additional production will come from run-of-mine heap leaching of supergene copper which grades
below the mill cut-off grade.
All of the past and current mining operations are located on patented claims. The patented claims
are surrounded by approximately 233 un-patented mining/mill claims administered by the Bureau
of Land Management.
The Mineral Park Mine is an open pit copper-molybdenum mine located in northwestern Arizona,
approximately 74 miles southeast of Las Vegas, Nevada.
December 2015
P a g e | 40
The Duval Corporation commenced production at Mineral Park in 1963 as a 12,000 tpd mill and
concentrate operation. Mineral Park was acquired by Cyprus Mining Company in 1986 and was
converted to an SX-EW operation in 1994. Equatorial Mining of Australia purchased Mineral Park in
1997. In 1998 Equatorial increased the SX-EW capacity to 6000 gpm. Mercator purchased Mineral
Park from Equatorial in 2003. In 2007, the Company commenced construction of a 50,000 tpd mill
facility at Mineral Park as a two staged expansion, the first Stage at 25,000 tpd and the second stage
expanded to 50,000 tpd. During the second quarter of 2009, the Company completed the
commissioning of and attained commercial production of the first stage of the 25,000 tpd mill.
Mineral Park produces copper, molybdenum and silver in concentrates and copper by SX/EX leach
extraction, and currently has an estimated 25 year mine life based on the proven and probable
mineral reserves. Source Mercator Minerals Ltd.
Previous owners of the Property record a cumulative production of 614 million lbs of copper in
concentrate, 147 million lbs of copper from leaching (and nearly 50 million lbs of molybdenum
concentrate and approximately 5.0 million ounces of silver, with the majority of the production
coming from Duval’s flotation milling process during 1965 through 1980. The above production
was from 101 million tons of ore. From the leach process, approximately 147 million pounds of
copper was recovered.
Mineral reserves as published by Mercator in 2013 are shown below:
Category
Proven – mill
Probable – mill
Total – mill
Proven – leach
TOTAL
Reserve
Cu%
Mo%
Ag opt
Cu lbs
Mo lbs
Ag oz
million
million
million
323.9
0.15
0.041
0.079
949.5
263.8
25.7
82.1
0.10
0.036
0.085
171.4
59.1
7.0
406.0
0.14
0.040
0.080
1,120.9
322.9
32.7
69.6
0.07
475.6
0.13
0.040
0.080
92.8
1,213.7
322.9
32.7
For Q1 2014 the Company produced 16.2 million copper equivalent** pounds, comprised of 7.2
million pounds of copper in concentrates and copper cathode, 2.2 million pounds of molybdenum in
concentrates and 89 thousand ounces of silver. For Q1 2014, the Company generated revenues of
$41.3 million, incurred an operating loss of $12.8 million and a net loss of $2.4 million (loss of $0.01
per share, basic) or an adjusted net loss* of $16.8 million ($0.05 per share).
Origin now has a large claim holding adjacent to the Emerald Isle mine and has exploration
potential in a number of areas, including the Alum Wash Area




Located 1.5 Km north of MP Mine.
100% owned by ML - staked in 2008.
Discovered & drilled by Duval 20 vertical holes, totaling 8,600 ft in length.
Chalcocite blanket.
December 2015

P a g e | 41
Historical Polygonal resource estimates of 8.0 million tons grading 0.2% copper – 32 M lbs
contained copper.
Polymetallic Veins Wallapai Mining Camp
To the north of Emerald Isle in the vicinity of Chloride, are myriads of polymetallic veins, many of
which have had small to medium production in the past. The area is best described in USGS Bulletin
978-E (1951). It is not known if there is any production from this camp at present.
A brief summary is provided from the Bulletin:
The Wallapai mining district is in Mohave County, northwestern Arizona, near the center of the Cerbat
Mountains. The district is approximately 10 miles long and 4 miles wide. In the early days (1863-1900)
miners sought silver, and to a less extent gold, in the oxidized parts of the fissure veins.
Later, lead with a low silver content was mined, and still later the zinc and lead production became the
most valuable, owing very largely to the combined output of the Golconda and Tennessee mines. From
1904 to 1948 the district had a recorded recovery of 54,760 tons of zinc and 35,736 tons of lead.
The veins occupy fissures in a very prominent and persistent northwestward-trending zone.
Postmineral faulting offsetting the veins is rare and where present has resulted in only minor
displacements.
The typical ore occurs in pyritic quartz veins and lodes formed at intermediate depths. Veins range
considerably in thickness but average 3 to 4 feet. Only a few exceed a length of 1 mile. The oxidized
zone, averaging 150 feet in depth, commonly contains cerargyrite, native gold, galena, and cerussite.
The primary ore consists chiefly of sphalerite, galena, pyrite, and some chalcopyrite. The sulfides occur
in irregular masses and in crudely banded forms in quartz gangue. Ore shoots vary greatly in size, but
the smaller ones, averaging about a foot in thickness and 20 feet in length and breadth, predominate.
Primary enriched zones are commonly, though not always, found at abrupt changes in the strike of the
veins and also at the junctions of branch veins. Mineralization took place probably in the Mesozoic,
and the solutions probably are genetically related to a granite intrusion exposed near the central part
of the district.
The most important of these vein deposits are the Tennesee-Schuylkill mines and the Golconda
Mine with production (to 1948) as follows:
MINE
TenneseeSchuylkill
Golconda
District Total
GOLD oz.
42, 383
SILVER oz.
1,514,187
COPPER lbs.
839,837
LEAD lbs.
59,897,096
ZINC lbs.
66,805,897
20,752
124,491
510,180
4,863,757
354,703
5,712,992
2.031,719
71,473,202
56,226,020
109,520,515
December 2015
FIGURE 12. POLYMETALLIC VEINS
December 2015
P a g e | 42
P a g e | 43
OTHER RELEVANT DATA AND INFORMATION
This is a preliminary report, and there is a very large database to examine; however, the author is
not aware of any other significant information, the absence of which would make this report
incomplete or misleading
INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS
There is a well-defined oxide copper zone at the base of the Gila Conglomerate or Fanglomerate.
This zone, long hypothesized to originate from The Alum Wash area, uphill and to the northeast of
the Emerald Isle pit. What is not generally known is that many of the previous drillholes at Emerald
Isle end in altered or unaltered Tertiary or Cretaceous age intrusive material (loosely termed
“granite” and that many of these drillholes stop in what could be economic grades of mineralization.
Also, based on limited geological descriptions, many holes were stopped prematurely in
mineralized conglomerate. Thus there could be a large local Porphyry copper deposit immediately
underlying part of the drilled area.
Examples are from the west end of the deposit, as follows:
Drillhole
From ft
To ft
length ft
Cu %
Comments
A-2
A-3
302
347.00
585
594.00
283.00
247.00
0.13
0.19
DH 9234
E -007
EP 009
EP 035
EP 49
EP 53
EP 56
EP 66
Long section of mineralized porphyry
Long section of mineralized porphyry under
oxides
Several sections intrusive > 0.10% Cu
160
200
185.90
70
195
210
220
275
405
276
226.40
80
215
230
230
300
345
76
40.50
10
20
20
10
25
0.60
0.24
0.36
1.26%
0.43
0.49
0.44
In intrusive below thick section conglomerate
Last 10 Ft Averages 0.36% Cu intrusive
Stops in mineralization
Stops in Mineralization
Stops in 0.59% Cu
Stops in 0.55% Cu
The best mineralization in the oxides and the distribution of mineralized intrusive material is
shown in the accompanying diagrammatic plans. The second plan shows that although the
mineralized intrusive may be cut off to the north of the pit, the southwest and northwest limits of
mineralized intrusion have not been found.
Essentially, there is a large mineralized porphyry system immediately underlying the oxide channel
in the conglomerates, and this porphyry, though low grade, covers an area roughly 2500 ft by 1000
feet, open in several directions.
December 2015
FIGURE 13. DIAGRAMMATIC DRILL MAP AND MINERALIZATION OUTLINE
December 2015
P a g e | 44
FIGURE 14. MINERALIZED INTRUSIVE INTERCEPTS (PORPHYRY COPPER)
December 2015
P a g e | 45
P a g e | 46
EXPLORATION POTENTIAL
It is thought that the Alum Wash area, supposed origin of mineralizing solutions which led to the
deposition at Emerald Isle, is contained within the Mercator Minerals claims. However, another
company may own titles in the area. Searchlight Exploration holds (or held at one time)
exploration rights to 40 of these mining claims pursuant to four separate Exploration Rights
Agreements with Treasure King Gold Mines, LLC; Mount Cruachan Mines, LLC; La Paz Gold Mines,
LLC and United Oatman Gold Mines, LLC, respectively. Searchlights claims were in: SECTION(s):10,
11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 TOWNSHIP:23 North RANGE:18 West SECTION 18 TOWNSHIP: 23 North
RANGE: 17 West BASE and MERIDIAN: Gila and Salt River Base and Meridian
A description of the area states:
The Alum Wash / Apex Hill mineralized area is a semi circular area approximately 4,000’ across which
has been subjected to extreme hydrothermal alteration and intrusion by the Tertiary quartz
monzonite. Alum Wash / Apex Hill is the most recent copper moly deposit to be discovered at Mineral
Park. It is immediately north of the producing Mineral Park mine developed by Duval and presently
operated by Mercator Resources. It was originally found as a result of turquoise float in Alum Wash,
as well as turquoise in the gossan south of Apex Hill.
Some diamond drilling was done by Duval and Alcoa. At least 3 holes had intervals exceeding 100’ with
.2% to 1.2% Cu. The area was then stripped, but it appears that no production resulted.
The 20th Century Mine was one of the few primary indium mines in the world, and, though presently
inactive, is still owned by Indium Corporation of America. It is believed that this deposit continues onto
Searchlight ground. Indium is presently in great demand for the manufacture of large screen TV’s.
While most of this commodity is presently supplied as a zinc refinery byproduct, the property should be
evaluated with the possibility of byproduct production from the Alum Wash /Apex Hill copper / moly
ores.
A Geological thesis on the area was written: The Alteration And Mineralization Of The Alum Wash
Prospect, Mohave County, Arizona by Luis Alfonso Vega as a Master Thesis The University of
Arizona (1984)
CONCLUSIONS
The Emerald Isle oxide copper property is a property of merit with NI -43-101 compliant resources
(RPA 2006) and exploration potential at depth, as mineralized porphyry exists under the oxide
capping or channels and many drillholes stopped in mineralization. While there are some
conflicting claims held by others, the present author concurs with the mineral surveyors that
Emerald Copper Corp.’s claims are validly staked, cover a larger and partly overlapping portion of
the Emerald Isle copper deposit, and may be explored and developed where they do not conflict
with any validly staked and held claims which may co-exist.
December 2015
P a g e | 47
RECOMMENDATIONS
For the Emerald Isle deposit, now seen to be consisting of an upper exotic oxide copper deposit of
black copper minerals in conglomerate, and an underlying lower grade porphyry copper deposit,
re-evaluation of the resource by several methods seems necessary.
While the claim situation, with two different claim holders, is as yet unresolved, and open to either
negotiation or litigation, it would be prudent For Emerald Copper not to expend large amounts
until the claim situation is satisfactorily resolved.
The following recommendations would be made:


A detailed independent review of claim status to determine which alien claims underlying
Emerald Copper Corp. holdings can be rejected.
Consider staking additional claims as required to protect the possible extensions of the
deposit to the west and south
Initiate a program of geological mapping; this has not been done in the past
Examine what core is available
Determine the mineralogy of the mineralized intrusive material; is it oxide or sulphide, and
is the mineralogy indicative of a typical porphyry copper, or is the mineralization oxides
deposited in veins or fractures from some other source?
Complete a geophysical program over the entire property
Orientation lines of magnetic surveys to determine if sufficient contrast exists to outline the
mineralized intrusive
Similarly, complete a program of resistivity and Induced Polarization surveys.
A fairly large program of core drilling is required:
o To deepen several holes that did not completely penetrate the mineralized zones,
both conglomerate and intrusive
o Determine whether a true porphyry is present
o And if so, what are its limits and what is its real grade of extractable copper.
Review the economics of copper recovery from the historical tailings east of the mine area







Recovery of all documentation which might at present be held by Sierra and others.
The condition of the existing SX-EW plant needs to be determined by a qualified group
The environmental aspects of the property would be reviewed (Dumps, Liners, Water etc)
All existing engineering data would have to be reviewed, in the light of present metal prices.
All present and future permit requirements would have to be investigated
Additional fee-simple land should be acquired.
A new resource study and compliant National Instrument 43-101 report prepared.








The author’s recommendations for drilling are given on the following pages.
December 2015
P a g e | 48
2015 Proposed Drill Program
The author has made the following general notes and recommendations, revised after discussion
with Don Scoretz June 22, 2014 after consideration of the possibility of a renewed work program
A total of five diamond drill holes have been proposed. I have estimated the depth to mineralization
and to the intrusion for each of the holes based on proximity to known drill holes. Purpose of the
program is
•
•
•
to demonstrate mineralization and discovery on the Emerald Copper claims
Twin at least one of the better drillholes to verify geology
Determine the nature of mineralization in the intrusion (is it oxide or sulphide?)
I have made the following general notes and recommendations










Ideally the drilling would be HQ size core (for more information and more sample)
This is balanced against estimated costs, and lower diameter may be more practical at this
stage
Water, although available in the Emerald Pit, would be contaminated with Soluble Cu, so a
water truck will be required
Some sort of shaded shelter for core logging, sampling is proposed; alternatively a logging
facility at Chloride?
Core should be secured, ideally in a locked location at night (off the property?).
Recommend 5 to 10 ft sample lengths, core is sawn in half where possible (the oxide zone
may be too crumbly)
Assays for total Cu, and soluble copper, Ag, Zn. (Plus 30 element ICP if this does not add
significantly to the cost) ALS prep lab in Elko? And analysis in ALS North Vancouver
Concurrently with drilling I suggest a mapping program in the pit area.
Check available copper in old leach pad. 5-10 large samples.
Holes should be drilled based on priority (proximity to known min.) This would put DDH
2015-03 first, then 2015-05, , then 2015-04 , then the others (o1 and 02) . Decision based
on company strategy and whether any challenge is filed in paper or in the field
Location Of Drill Holes




Hole 1, close to pit, so can estimate depth to pit bottom, nearest DDH is DH 92-34, low
grade Cu 0.10% In several intervals in altered intrusive. One low grade Cu intercept in DH
92-33 in Gila conglomerate.
Hole 2: This is a big unknown, as it may lie across a major fault, and there are no nearby
drillholes. For this reason hole may be deeper than the others.
Hole 3. Close to old hole A-2 which had nearly 100 ft of oxide min plus a long interval of
low grade in the intrusive underneath.
Hole 4. May also lie west of a fault so section is somewhat uncertain. Nearest hole is A-4
which had a long interval of low grade Cu (oxide?) in overburden and in Gila conglomerate.
513 ft to intrusion.
December 2015


P a g e | 49
Hole 5. Most southerly hole. Near A-3 (Good oxide zone) and EP 075 (oxides in Gila
conglomerate and in intrusion).
Any subsequent drilling will be based on results of this program.
PROPOSED DIAMOND DRILL HOLES
Emerald Copper Corp.
Jun-15
WGS 84 ZONE 11
DDH
LAT
deg. Min.
sec
DH 15-01
DH 15-02
DH 15-03
DH 15-04
DH 15-05
35 21 50.4
35 21
53.01
35 21
45.30
35 21
45.67
35 21
41.28
LONG
deg. Min.
sec
114 11
32.7
114 11
41.52
114 11
39.68
114 11
44.13
114 11
43.07
Easting
Northing
m
m
755092
3917029
754866
NEAREST
DDH
DEPTH TO
MIN
MAX
DEPTH
ft
DEPTH
To Intrusion
ft.
Est. Ft.
D 92-34
225
210
300
3917104
D 92 33
UNKNOWN
>370
700
754919
3916867
EP 66, A2
220, 220
310
400
754806
3916876
A3, A4
250, 290
350, 510
500
754837
3916741
A4, EP 75
180, 290
510, 240
500
2400
Locations are shown on a map on the following page.
December 2015
P a g e | 50
Phase 1 Exploration Program
An estimate of the budget required for an initial phase of exploration is given below:
DESCRIPTION
Geological mapping and sampling, 15 days x 2
persons.
Vehicles
Food and lodging
Sample analysis
Mobilization, demob
Permits and legal
Surveying roads, drillsites
Compilation of data
Preparation of reports
Total Phase 1
Contingency
RATES/UNITS
$1000/day
2 x $100/day
15 x 100/day
50 x $30
AMOUNT CAN$
$15,000
$3,000
$1500
$1500
$1000
$3000
$10,000
$5,000
$10,000
$50,000.00
$10,000.00
Phase 2 Exploration program
(Contingent on success in Phase 1)
At present, the drill program in Phase 2 is not budgeted. However, it is estimated that the program
outlined on the previous pages would cost at least $250,000 all inclusive of geology, sampling and
support.
December 2015
FIGURE 15. PROPOSED DRILLHOLE LOCATIONS 2015
December 2015
P a g e | 51
P a g e | 52
REFERENCES
Weed, W.H. (1925), The Mines Handbook: Vol. XIII: 367.
Thomas, B.E. (1949), Ore deposits of the Wallapai district, Arizona, Economic Geology: 44: 663-705.
Searls, F. Jr. (1950), The Emerald Isle copper deposit, Economic Geology: 45: 175-176.
Dings, M.G. (1951), The Wallapai Mining District, Cerbat Mountains, Mohave County, Arizona, USGS
Bulletin 978-E: 149-153.
Galbraith, F.W. & Brennan (1959), Minerals of Arizona: 27, 110.
Newberg, D.W. (1967), Geochemical implications of chrysocolla-bearing alluvial gravels, Economic
Geology: 62: 932-956.
McCutchan, J.H., Arizona State Mine Inspectors Report (1973): 13.
Niemuth, N.J. & K.A. Phillips (1992), Copper Oxide Resources, Arizona Department of Mines &
Mineral Resources Open File Report 92-10: 11 (Table 1).
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd. ed.: 173.
Arizona Department of Mineral Resources (ADMR) Mohave Custom Mill project card file.
Arizona Department of Mineral Resources (ADMR) Mohave card file.
Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2005): Porphyry Copper Deposits of the World: Database,
Map, and Grade and Tonnage Models. USGS Open-File Report 05-1060.
Agnerian H and Postle, J, (Roscoe Postle and Associates), (2006); “Technical Report on the Emerald
Isle Copper Deposit Prepared for Ste-Genevieve Resources Ltd.”” and dated March 10, 2006
Eidel, J.J., Frost. J.E. and Clippinger, D.M., Copper-Molybdenum Mineralization at Mineral Park,
Mohave County, Arizona in Ore Deposits of the United States, 1933-1967, The Graton-Sales Volume,
John D. Ridge, (Ed.): The American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc.,
New York, 1968, pp. 1258-1281.
Mountain States Research & Development International Inc. (MSRDI), 2005, Check Assay Results on
Total Copper, Acid Soluble Copper, Total Zinc and Acid Soluble Zinc Values on Samples Assayed at
MSRDI and ACTLAB-Skyline Laboratories, May, 2005.
Thomas, B.E., 1951, The Emerald Isle Copper Deposit, Discussion: Econ. Geol. Vol. 46, pp. 231-233,
1951.
Thomas, B.E., 1949, Ore Deposits of the Wallapai District, Arizona: Econ. Geol. Vol. 44, pp. 700-703,
December 1949.
December 2015
P a g e | 53
Wilkinson Jr., W.H., Vega, L. and Titley, S.R., 1982, Geology and Ore Deposits at Mineral Park,
Mohave County, Arizona, in Advances in Geology of the Porphyry Copper Deposits, Southwestern
North America, Spencer R. Titley, (Ed.): University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona, pp. 523-541.
SIGNATURE PAGE
This summary geological report is not intended for public distribution and though prepared with
care using the format of National Instrument 43-101 (Canada) is not intended to comply in every
way with NI 43-101.
Respectfully submitted
Barry J Price, M.Sc., P.Geo.
Effective Date: December 22, 2015
December 2015
P a g e | 54
CERTIFICATE OF AUTHOR
I, Barry James Price, hereby certify that:
I am an independent Consulting Geologist and Professional Geoscientist residing at 820 East 14th
Street, North Vancouver B.C., with my office at Ste. 815 - 470 Granville Street, Vancouver, B.C., V6C
1V5, (Telephone: 604-682-1501)
I graduated from University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C., in 1965 with a Bachelor’s Degree
in Science (B.Sc.) Honours, in the field of Geology, and received a further Degree of Master of
Science (M.Sc.) in Economic Geology from the same University in 1972.
I have practiced my profession as a Geologist for the past 40 years since graduation, in the fields of
Mining Exploration, Oil and Gas Exploration, and Geological Consulting. I have written a
considerable number of Qualifying Reports, Technical Reports and Opinions of Value for junior
companies in the past 30 years.
I have worked in Canada, the United States of America, in Mexico, The Republic of the Philippines,
Indonesia, Cuba, Ecuador, Panama, Nicaragua, Tajikistan, Portugal, The People's Republic of China,
and the Republic of South Africa, Chile, and Argentina.
My specific experience concerning the subject deposit is related to work done for other clients on
the Korn Kobb, Copper Giant and Santa Cruz copper properties in Arizona, and numerous other
porphyry copper deposits elsewhere. I have no past relationship with the subject property.
I am a registered as a Professional Geoscientist (P. Geo.) in the Province of British Columbia (No
19810 - 1992) and I am entitled to use the Seal, which has been affixed to this report.
I am responsible for preparation of all parts of this report, which is titled: Summary Report,
Emerald Isle Oxide Copper deposit, Kingman Area, , Arizona, prepared for Napier Ventures Inc. and
Emerald Copper Corp. Inc.. by my consulting firm: B.J. Price Geological Consultants Inc. and dated
December 22 2015.
I have based this report on a review of available data concerning the subject property supplied by
the property owners and on other materials obtained from the literature and from web sites. I have
visited the Emerald Isle property a number of times in 2012, 2013 and most lately on December 3,
2014.
For the purposes of this Summary Report I am a Qualified Person. This report has been prepared
in accordance with Canadian National Instrument 43-101.
I have no direct or indirect interest in the property which is the subject of this report I do not hold,
directly or indirectly, any shares in Napier ventures Inc. or Emerald Copper Corp, Sierra Resource
group Inc. nor in any related companies, nor do I intend to acquire any such shares, in full
compliance normal independent standards.
Permission is hereby granted to use this report and for excerpts therefrom to be used by
Napier Ventures Inc. or Emerald Copper Corp., subject to the normal requisite of keeping the
material in context.
December 2015
P a g e | 55
APPENDIX 1 – 2013 DRILL CHIP ANALYSES
REF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
EL13189881 - Finalized
CLIENT : "NKT Price
B.J. Geological Consultants Ltd."
# of SAMPLES : 88
DATE RECEIVED : 2013-10-21 DATE FINALIZED : 2013-11-01
PROJECT : "KINGMAN/RUSH"
CERTIFICATE COMMENTS : ""
PO NUMBER : " "
MEMEMEMESAMPLE
ICP41
ICP41
ICP41
ICP41
DESCRIPTION
Ag
Al
As
B
FEET
ppm
%
ppm
ppm
0-5
0.2
0.74
24
<10
5-10
0.2
0.56
20
<10
10-15
0.2
0.57
13
<10
15-20
<0.2
0.28
5
<10
20-25
<0.2
0.25
3
<10
25-30
<0.2
0.24
3
<10
30-35
<0.2
0.25
2
<10
35-40
<0.2
0.29
4
<10
40-45
<0.2
0.32
7
<10
45-50
<0.2
0.35
4
<10
50-55
<0.2
0.29
4
<10
55-60
<0.2
0.33
5
<10
60-65
<0.2
0.35
2
<10
65-70
<0.2
0.36
5
<10
70-75
<0.2
0.42
7
<10
75-80
<0.2
0.55
9
<10
80-85
<0.2
0.31
3
<10
MEICP41
Ba
ppm
100
90
90
50
40
40
50
70
60
70
50
80
70
80
90
100
50
MEICP41
Be
ppm
0.6
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
0.6
<0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6
<0.5
MEICP41
Bi
ppm
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
MEICP41
Ca
%
1.49
1.7
6.53
1.01
0.49
1.06
0.78
0.84
0.77
0.46
0.41
0.41
0.53
0.77
0.38
0.58
0.27
MEICP41
Cd
ppm
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
December 2015
MEICP41
Co
ppm
5
4
5
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
2
3
2
3
3
4
2
MEICP41
Cr
ppm
15
13
36
5
4
4
4
6
6
5
5
5
5
6
7
12
8
MEICP41
Cu
ppm
211
79
18
5
3
5
3
5
9
4
3
3
3
7
5
7
3
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
85-90
90-95
95-100
100-105
105-110
110-115
115-120
120-125
125-130
130-135
135-140
140-145
145-150
150-155
155-160
160-165
165-170
170-175
175-180
180-185
185-190
190-195
195-200
200-205
205-210
210-215
215-220
220-225
225-230
230-235
235-240
240-245
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
0.32
0.39
0.37
0.33
0.35
0.44
0.35
0.36
0.38
0.98
1.58
1.66
1.97
2.16
1.86
2.26
0.83
1.39
0.65
0.42
0.37
0.54
0.46
0.35
0.34
0.43
0.44
0.36
0.41
0.37
0.43
0.4
3
5
5
6
3
3
3
6
5
7
7
7
5
8
9
8
6
22
7
7
5
10
5
4
4
2
2
7
7
2
6
6
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
50
50
90
50
50
60
40
70
50
80
120
110
120
130
120
130
70
140
40
30
30
50
40
30
40
40
40
40
40
40
70
50
<0.5
<0.5
0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
0.5
0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
0.6
1
<0.5
0.9
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
0.5
0.6
0.5
<0.5
0.5
0.6
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
2
<2
<2
<2
P a g e | 56
0.15
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.12
0.1
0.69
0.42
1.31
2.19
2.32
2.45
2.91
2.82
3.86
1.14
1.79
0.35
0.16
0.2
0.49
0.34
0.21
0.13
0.39
0.17
0.13
0.14
0.11
0.14
0.14
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
December 2015
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
3
2
12
22
23
27
31
28
39
10
23
5
2
2
6
4
2
2
3
1
2
2
1
2
3
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
16
9
23
29
23
22
25
24
32
17
31
11
8
10
17
17
11
11
11
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
3
2
3
3
3
4
7
4
26
43
43
50
58
52
65
20
34
10
3
3
10
7
5
3
10
2
1
1
1
7
7
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
245-250
250-255
255-260
260-265
265-270
270-275
275-280
280-285
285-290
290-295
295-300
300-305
305-310
310-315
315-320
320-325
325-330
330-335
335-340
340-345
345-350
350-355
355-360
360-365
365-370
370-375
375-380
380-385
385-390
390-395
395-400
400-405
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
0.45
0.59
0.42
0.39
0.31
0.41
0.37
0.39
0.36
0.37
1.33
0.31
0.47
0.64
0.4
0.39
0.44
0.44
0.39
0.36
0.32
0.37
1.32
0.46
0.43
0.38
0.36
0.33
0.36
0.34
0.35
0.36
4
7
8
8
10
8
6
6
7
6
38
10
15
19
6
3
6
8
28
11
2
4
28
7
34
34
5
4
7
4
5
4
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
50
50
30
30
30
50
40
50
30
50
90
30
40
40
30
30
40
50
50
30
20
20
90
30
30
30
40
30
30
40
30
40
<0.5
0.6
0.6
<0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.8
0.9
<0.5
0.5
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.9
1.2
0.6
<0.5
0.5
0.9
0.7
1.4
1.1
0.6
0.8
0.9
0.7
0.7
0.6
<2
2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
P a g e | 57
0.13
0.19
0.17
0.13
0.1
0.13
0.12
0.14
0.14
0.16
0.54
0.12
0.15
0.19
0.13
0.14
0.13
0.15
0.78
2.21
0.87
1.69
1.6
1.56
3.52
1.27
0.31
0.76
1.23
0.67
0.36
0.54
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
0.8
<0.5
<0.5
0.5
<0.5
0.5
0.5
0.8
0.9
1.4
1
1.4
1.9
6
10.6
4.4
0.7
1.2
1.4
1.3
0.7
1
December 2015
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
4
15
3
3
3
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
15
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
7
132
6
8
21
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
5
12
5
4
4
5
5
5
5
6
6
3
7
7
4
2
3
3
3
3
5
23
11
24
6
4
6
8
13
18
14
5
10
28
17
15
22
13
17
23
17
21
16
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
405-410
410-415
415-420
420-425
425-430
430-435
435-440
MEICP41
Fe
%
1.81
1.68
1.61
1.34
1.07
0.9
1.05
1.43
1.43
1.7
1.41
2.09
1.4
1.89
1.97
2.65
1.77
1.38
MEICP41
Ga
ppm
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
MEICP41
Hg
ppm
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
0.34
0.3
0.32
0.7
0.33
0.35
0.25
MEICP41
K
%
0.16
0.13
0.15
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.12
0.15
0.14
0.16
0.19
0.14
0.15
<2
5
6
10
7
11
3
MEICP41
La
ppm
20
20
10
20
20
10
20
20
20
20
20
20
30
30
40
50
20
20
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
MEICP41
Mg
%
0.23
0.21
0.33
0.08
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.08
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.09
0.1
0.11
0.14
0.2
0.08
0.07
30
20
20
40
40
30
20
MEICP41
Mn
ppm
335
316
414
301
215
190
192
248
297
472
297
801
334
606
673
819
349
265
<0.5
<0.5
0.7
0.9
0.9
0.8
<0.5
MEICP41
Mo
ppm
2
1
1
1
<1
<1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
<1
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
MEICP41
Na
%
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.05
P a g e | 58
0.73
0.7
0.7
0.8
1.73
0.82
0.15
MEICP41
Ni
ppm
16
12
19
2
2
1
2
3
8
3
2
3
3
4
4
6
2
1
1.1
<0.5
0.6
<0.5
1.9
1.8
<0.5
MEICP41
P
ppm
170
140
130
100
70
200
90
120
170
130
140
150
170
200
220
220
130
170
December 2015
2
1
1
5
2
2
1
MEICP41
Pb
ppm
14
11
8
4
3
6
5
4
7
3
4
4
5
7
6
8
4
3
8
6
6
40
5
6
5
MEICP41
S
%
0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.01
<0.01
<0.01
15
14
8
17
18
33
7
MEICP41
Sb
ppm
3
3
2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
2
2
<2
<2
1.48
1.96
1.8
1.63
1.75
1.43
2.12
1.57
3.18
4.84
4.74
5.13
5.77
5.53
6.86
2.79
4.84
2.67
2.3
1.66
2.57
2.27
1.68
1.6
1.78
2.07
1.84
1.91
1.77
2
2.12
1.91
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
<10
10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
0.14
0.14
0.12
0.15
0.2
0.13
0.13
0.14
0.2
0.28
0.26
0.3
0.31
0.27
0.29
0.17
0.16
0.09
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.12
0.11
0.13
0.12
0.14
0.12
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.14
0.2
10
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
10
10
10
10
10
10
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
10
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.11
0.07
0.11
0.09
0.38
0.67
0.72
0.93
1.03
0.86
1
0.3
0.62
0.22
0.13
0.12
0.2
0.15
0.11
0.09
0.14
0.13
0.09
0.11
0.1
0.13
0.11
0.14
340
647
465
355
315
307
503
312
483
684
685
616
759
858
1140
483
1175
541
472
298
541
400
247
245
293
471
412
333
329
514
533
354
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
<1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
<1
<1
<1
1
1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.05
0.04
0.08
0.15
0.2
0.23
0.23
0.16
0.11
0.08
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.05
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.04
2
3
2
2
2
2
8
3
23
44
50
61
67
55
70
19
36
9
3
4
12
12
5
3
7
2
2
2
1
2
3
2
P a g e | 59
200
150
130
120
120
90
170
120
410
660
620
780
860
750
930
300
510
190
140
100
200
180
130
130
160
150
110
140
120
130
140
160
December 2015
5
4
3
4
7
10
10
6
5
5
6
6
6
6
5
6
10
10
7
6
7
4
3
3
5
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
2
<2
2
4
3
<2
<2
<2
2
3
2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
2
<2
<2
<2
<2
2.2
1.8
1.67
1.77
1.87
1.83
2.16
2.16
2.42
3.11
1.53
1.69
2.17
1.74
1.65
1.7
2.42
2.5
1.66
1.19
1.39
3.08
1.71
2.21
1.89
1.89
1.82
1.71
1.8
1.78
2.12
1.8
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
0.18
0.1
0.09
0.11
0.14
0.11
0.1
0.08
0.09
0.48
0.09
0.17
0.25
0.15
0.14
0.19
0.19
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.44
0.17
0.13
0.12
0.16
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.14
0.15
0.15
20
20
20
30
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
30
20
20
20
10
10
10
20
20
20
20
10
10
20
20
20
10
0.17
0.12
0.1
0.07
0.11
0.09
0.1
0.08
0.1
0.82
0.07
0.13
0.25
0.11
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.12
0.1
0.07
0.09
0.63
0.13
0.12
0.1
0.09
0.09
0.11
0.1
0.09
0.11
0.09
465
368
338
368
520
444
754
566
738
935
234
288
336
184
254
369
615
864
386
213
298
737
336
630
444
324
223
238
353
254
314
276
1
<1
<1
<1
1
<1
1
1
1
1
<1
1
1
<1
<1
<1
<1
1
<1
<1
<1
1
<1
1
1
1
<1
<1
1
1
1
1
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.05
3
2
2
1
2
3
3
3
8
61
3
4
8
3
2
3
2
3
3
2
2
30
4
4
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
P a g e | 60
140
120
100
90
140
130
140
140
210
270
140
140
130
140
120
140
230
320
900
260
120
520
120
120
160
130
140
140
120
140
140
120
December 2015
2
4
4
5
7
3
2
7
4
3
2
5
3
3
3
6
5
8
10
10
9
11
6
7
8
4
3
4
2
3
3
7
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.01
<0.01
0.01
0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.01
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
1.33
1.64
1.83
2
1.94
0.98
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
0.1
0.06
0.22
0.07
0.13
0.13
10
20
20
20
20
10
0.07
0.08
0.34
0.1
0.11
0.06
247
383
418
720
381
139
<1
1
1
1
1
<1
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
MEICP41
Sc
ppm
3
2
3
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
1
1
3
MEICP41
Sr
ppm
21
20
29
8
6
7
6
8
7
8
7
11
9
11
11
16
8
6
5
8
MEICP41
Th
ppm
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
20
20
20
<20
<20
<20
<20
MEICP41
Ti
%
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.03
MEICP41
Tl
ppm
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
MEICP41
U
ppm
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
MEICP41
V
ppm
19
18
17
6
5
3
4
7
8
10
10
9
9
10
12
18
8
6
5
10
MEICP41
W
ppm
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
MEICP41
Zn
ppm
499
174
162
227
76
97
38
50
53
53
44
72
46
90
140
217
65
85
47
65
3
3
18
3
4
1
P a g e | 61
460
180
210
110
110
80
December 2015
11
5
4
3
4
3
<0.01
<0.01
0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
3
2
2
1
2
2
6
8
6
7
8
9
12
4
7
3
3
2
4
3
2
2
2
3
2
3
2
3
3
3
3
2
7
7
7
6
10
8
25
47
55
69
74
57
62
21
41
13
8
7
13
10
6
6
10
9
7
7
6
8
8
7
11
8
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.06
0.1
0.11
0.14
0.16
0.12
0.09
0.05
0.04
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.06
0.05
0.02
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
9
7
7
5
9
7
77
148
136
169
202
174
215
54
106
21
9
8
26
35
18
15
22
10
8
9
7
8
9
8
11
11
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
58
53
46
47
2440
89
150
156
139
70
83
121
120
211
374
200
101
137
448
91
54
59
85
63
67
59
57
131
139
114
233
118
December 2015
P a g e | 62
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
9
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
6
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
7
7
12
8
12
11
14
19
6
7
8
5
6
7
8
12
10
5
8
19
10
18
12
7
6
8
9
7
7
7
9
12
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.07
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.04
0.01
0.01
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
7
6
8
7
8
8
9
36
7
7
11
6
6
6
6
6
4
2
3
22
5
5
4
6
6
6
6
6
7
4
2
4
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
120
199
151
100
112
122
153
255
114
90
115
105
144
135
182
245
146
84
108
239
159
189
177
153
144
179
131
120
159
85
60
73
December 2015
P a g e | 63
3
2
2
1
16
17
10
4
<20
<20
<20
<20
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.02
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
13
5
5
3
<10
<10
<10
<10
58
95
107
50
December 2015
P a g e | 64
P a g e | 65
APPENDIX 2. CHARTS OF COPPER ZINC AND CADMIUM IN DRILL
CUTTINGS
December 2015
P a g e | 66
APPENDIX 3. TAILINGS SAMPLES
VA13177387 - Finalized
CLIENT : "NKT Price
B.J. Geological Consultants Ltd."
# of SAMPLES : 2
DATE RECEIVED : 2013-10-03 DATE FINALIZED : 2013-1012
PROJECT : "KINGMAN"
CERTIFICATE COMMENTS :
""
PO NUMBER : " "
MEMEMEMEICP41
ICP41
ICP41
ICP41
SAMPLE
Ag
Al
As
B
DESCRIPTION
ppm
%
ppm
ppm
EM SAND STRAT
0.3
0.98
19
<10
EM SAND LOOSE
0.3
0.88
16
<10
MEICP41
Ba
ppm
80
90
MEICP41
Be
ppm
1
1.3
MEICP41
Bi
ppm
<2
<2
MEICP41
Ca
%
0.39
0.14
MEICP41
Cd
ppm
0.6
0.5
MEICP41
Co
ppm
7
4
SAMPLE
DESCRIPTION
EM SAND STRAT
EM SAND LOOSE
MEICP41
Cr
ppm
31
23
MEICP41
Cu
ppm
1130
1320
MEICP41
Fe
%
2.77
1.97
MEICP41
Ga
ppm
<10
<10
MEICP41
Hg
ppm
<1
<1
MEICP41
K
%
0.17
0.15
MEICP41
La
ppm
10
20
MEICP41
Mg
%
0.36
0.22
MEICP41
Mn
ppm
311
296
MEICP41
Mo
ppm
6
9
SAMPLE
DESCRIPTION
EM SAND STRAT
EM SAND LOOSE
MEICP41
Na
%
0.08
0.04
MEICP41
Ni
ppm
37
34
MEICP41
P
ppm
360
280
MEICP41
Pb
ppm
18
20
MEICP41
S
%
0.11
0.06
MEICP41
Sb
ppm
<2
<2
MEICP41
Sc
ppm
4
3
MEICP41
Sr
ppm
25
28
MEICP41
Th
ppm
<20
<20
MEICP41
Ti
%
0.07
0.03
SAMPLE
DESCRIPTION
EM SAND STRAT
MEICP41
Tl
ppm
<10
MEICP41
U
ppm
<10
MEICP41
V
ppm
35
MEICP41
W
ppm
<10
MEICP41
Zn
ppm
1090
EM SAND LOOSE
<10
<10
18
<10
1210
December 2015
P a g e | 67
APPENDIX 4 - 2013 WAYPOINTS
2013 waypoints
EMERALD ISLE COPPER PROPERTY
Name
Description
Position
Easting
Northing
Latitude
WGS 84
Longitude
001 OLD MINE
11S
754117
3921276
N35.40250
W114.20180
002 COPPER PLANT
11S
755107
3917107
N35.36470
W114.19222
003 GATE
11S
755099
3917177
N35.36533
W114.19228
004 MINE OFFICE
11S
755100
3917145
N35.36504
W114.19228
005 MINERAL PARK RD
11S
756816
3915970
N35.35402
W114.17379
006 BOOT HILL
Altitude
11S
753816
3921904
N35.40822
W114.20492
59
07-JAN-13 10:16:30AM
11S
754143
3912244
N35.32114
W114.20432
965 m
060 MIN PARK ROAD
07-JAN-13 10:16:38AM
11S
754063
3912377
N35.32236
W114.20516
982 m
061 CHLORIDE HWY
07-JAN-13 10:18:36AM
11S
755466
3914210
N35.33851
W114.18917
1071 m
62
07-JAN-13 10:22:26AM
11S
754332
3916662
N35.36089
W114.20088
1084 m
063 EMERALD ISLE RD 1
07-JAN-13 10:22:28AM
11S
754337
3916668
N35.36093
W114.20082
1082 m
64
07-JAN-13 10:52:19AM
11S
754517
3916846
N35.36250
W114.19879
1095 m
65
07-JAN-13 10:54:06AM
11S
754338
3916851
N35.36259
W114.20075
1094 m
66
07-JAN-13 10:57:55AM
11S
754289
3918034
N35.37325
W114.20092
1124 m
67
07-JAN-13 10:59:09AM
11S
754278
3918485
N35.37732
W114.20090
1130 m
68
07-JAN-13 11:03:55AM
11S
754369
3916375
N35.35829
W114.20056
1084 m
069 TRENCH, INTRUSIVE
07-JAN-13 11:17:13AM
11S
755567
3917117
N35.36467
W114.18716
1120 m
070 OLD TUNNEL
07-JAN-13 11:23:20AM
11S
755551
3917080
N35.36434
W114.18734
1121 m
071 CHLORIDE
07-JAN-13 12:15:32PM
11S
754309
3922480
N35.41329
W114.19931
1222 m
072 DISCOVERY BT 21
07-JAN-13 3:07:56PM
11S
755152
3917141
N35.36499
W114.19171
1122 m
073 PIT EDGE
07-JAN-13 3:15:41PM
11S
755290
3916997
N35.36365
W114.19024
1119 m
074 MONITOR WELL AT1
08-JAN-13 8:43:33AM
11S
754766
3916892
N35.36284
W114.19603
1099 m
075 TRENCH
08-JAN-13 8:49:19AM
11S
754785
3916897
N35.36288
W114.19582
1100 m
076 OLD POST
08-JAN-13 8:51:06AM
11S
754793
3916864
N35.36259
W114.19574
1099 m
077 SURVEY PIN
08-JAN-13 8:54:41AM
11S
754862
3916849
N35.36243
W114.19499
1094 m
078 COLLAR RED 30
08-JAN-13 9:04:31AM
11S
754929
3916883
N35.36272
W114.19424
1103 m
079 CUTTINGS 2
08-JAN-13 9:08:19AM
11S
754928
3916913
N35.36299
W114.19425
1103 m
080 CASED DDH
08-JAN-13 9:09:52AM
11S
754929
3916914
N35.36300
W114.19423
1100 m
081 MOUND
08-JAN-13 9:12:40AM
11S
754937
3916946
N35.36329
W114.19413
1103 m
082 OLD POST
08-JAN-13 9:19:11AM
11S
754918
3917040
N35.36414
W114.19431
1109 m
083 CORNER BT8
08-JAN-13 9:24:21AM
11S
754810
3916956
N35.36341
W114.19553
1107 m
BOULDER DAM
St./Prv. Border
11S
705308
3989895
N36.03196
W114.72130
Kingman
Kingman
11S
770122
3900041
N35.20706
W114.03276
utm wgs 84
December 2015
MAP OF KINGMAN AND CHLORIDE AREAS, 2013 TRAVERSES
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2013 WORK - LOCATION MAP AND TRACKS
December 2015
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2013 WORK – TRAVERSE AND SAMPLES
December 2015
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2013 WORK – TRAVERSE AND SAMPLES
December 2015
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2014 WORK – NORTH TRAVERSE
December 2015
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2014 WORK – SOUTH TRAVERSE
December 2015
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P a g e | 74
APPENDIX 5. CONTACTS
Contact Information:
Arizona Department of Mines and Mineral Resources
1502 West Washington
Phoenix, Arizona 85007
602-255-3795
www.mines.az.gov
Arizona State Office BLM
One North Central Avenue
Suite 800
Phoenix, AZ 85004-4427
Phone:(602) 417-9200
Or email: [email protected]
Kingman Field Office BLM
2755 Mission Boulevard
Kingman, AZ 86401-5308
Phone: (928) 718-3700
Fax: (928) 718-3761
E-mail: [email protected]
Field Manager: Ruben Sanchez
Hours: 8:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m., M-F
December 2015
P a g e | 75
APPENDIX 6. The Wallapai Mining District, Cerbat Mountains, Mohave
County Arizona
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 978-E\
By MCCLELLAND G. DINGS
CONTRIBUTIONS TO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, 1951
EMERALD ISLE MINE
An unusual type of copper deposit is found at the Emerald Isle mine, located about a mile west of
Mineral Park, Wash. The mine was idle when visited early in 1943 and again in 1950. It was worked
at various times from 1917 to 1943, and late in 1943 the Emerald Isle Copper Co. resumed mining
and began the erection of a 300- ton leaching plant, .which was completed in 1944. Mining
continued until June 1946. In 1947 the Lewin-Mathes Co. started operations on the property and
continued work until June 1948. About 55,000 tons of copper was recovered from the ores during
the period 1943-48.
Mining in the early days was carried on chiefly from underground workings, although work since
1943 has been done almost entirely from an open pit. The underground workings were inaccessible
when visited. Two short shafts were sunk, and according to reports the main shaft is 90 feet deep,
penetrating 80 feet of gravels and boulders and, at the bottom, 10 feet of bedrock. In the gravels
near the bottom of the shaft a drift extends northeastward for about 300 feet, and another drift
extends southwestward for about 1,100 feet. Until 1943 most of the surface work had been done in
a small pit about 400 feet east of the main shaft. When visited in 1950, the open-cut work had been
extended westward to the upper part of the old underground workings northeast of the main shaft.
The deposit consists of a fissure vein and an irregular area of mineralized alluvium bordering the
vein chiefly on the east. The mineralization consists of bluish-green chrysocolla and shiny black
copper pitch (probably an impure copper silicate).
Thelarge open pit, which to date has yielded most of the copper ore, furnishes good exposures of
the chrysocolla-bearing alluvium and also the upper part of the fissure vein. The mineralized
alluvium consists of copper pitch and chrysocolla coating particles and filling interstices in the
various-sized outwash material of the valley. Except for a few mineralized fissures, striking
northeast, and the vein near the "shaft, the walls of the open pit show the individual copper-bearing
bodies as concentrations of the chrysocolla and copper-pitch cement in irregular lenses and pods
ranging from a few inches to several feet across. The outlines of a few of the lenses are clearly
controlled by the bedding of the debris. Boundaries of the mineralized parts are commonly sharp.
In places the finer-grained gravels and grits are uniformly dull green, which may in part be due to
material other than copper. The richer parts are the typical bluish green of chrysocolla.
The gangue consists of alluvial material ranging from sand and grit to boulders as much as 4 feet
long. The debris is commonly subangular to angular and composed of rocks from the pre-Cambrian
crystalline complex as well as from the Mesozoic (?) granite. Granites of various types predominate
to a great extent, although a minor amount of volcanic material is present. The material in the pit is
fairly well cemented.
The upper part of the vein is exposed on the west side of the open pit. Here it is several feet wide
and cuts the mineralized alluvium. The vein strikes about N. 30° E'. and is vertical. The minerals are
the same in the vein as in the open pit, but in richer concentrations. The vein walls are irregular but
distinct. Part of the vein is banded.
December 2015
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During Thomas' work in the district (1949, pp. 701-703) he was able to observe the underground
relations of the vein to bedrock. These relations were of much importance to him in interpreting the
origin of the deposit. He states:
In its uppermost portions the vein is vertical, or dips steeply north, but dips of 45 degrees north
have been reported in some of the lower workings.
The vein ranges from 3 to 12 feet in width. Alluvium occupies both walls at and near the surface. At
depths as little as 25 feet, however, bedrock occurs in the footwall, and alluvium occurs in the
hanging wall.
Where bedrock was observed in the footwall the vein filling still consisted of cemented alluvial
detritus. The nature of the vein where bedrock occurs in both walls is not known. Specimens of
granite porphyry from the footwall are leached and thoroughly altered, and tiny irregular veinlets
of chrysocolla occur in the rock. In thin section the principal minerals are seen to be abundant clay
mineral, sericite, and brown chlorite.
The age of the deposit is Quaternary, because the mineralization passes into and is contained
chiefly in alluvium that is assigned to the Quaternary. Thomas (1949, pp. 702-703), who believes
that the chrysocolla is of primary rather than secondary origin, gives his reasons as follows: «
It has been suggested that the mineralization was by solutions derived from the weathering of the
"porphyry copper" deposit of the Mineral Park district. This would involve gravitative transfer of
the solutions and localized deposition of chrysocolla around and within a strong fissure vein and
associated fractures. Such solutions could exist, but the concentration of copper in them would be
negligible, and there are no plausible reasons to explain the concentration and deposition of the
copper at this particular location and within a vein. On the other hand, solutions ascending along
fissures and spreading out into the alluvium provide a simple and logical source for the copper.
Assuming this to have happened, the question arises as to the nature of the chrysocolla. This
mineral is usually supergene and is a secondary product of various primary copper-bearing
minerals. In the Emerald Isle deposit, however, the following points suggest that the chrysocolla is
primary:
(1) There are no relict grains of sulfides, or any minerals, which might have
served as a primary source of the copper. It might be assumed that replacement
or solution of such primary minerals was complete, but at least a few specks
should have been preserved here and there.
(2) The texture of the chrysocolla, both in vein and blanket, is delicately
banded and crustified, which suggests that formation was by open space filling
and not replacement. If the chrysocolla is supergene the logical source of
the copper would be at some higher level. If there were primary mineralization
above, however, furnishing the source of copper solutions, there should have been
primary mineralization at the present levels, at least in the vein. This would
have to be leached completely away, before the solution of overlying material,
in order to explain the lack of relict primary minerals and replacement textures.
Such a sequence does not seem feasible.
(3) Some of the veinlets pinch out upward. The chrysocolla filling apparently
was deposited by ascending solutions. Perhaps the veinlets could be explained
December 2015
P a g e | 77
by lateral secretion, but the primary source material would still be missing.
From the above considerations it is concluded that the mineralization has resulted from deposition
of chrysocolla by ascending hypogene solutions that rose along one large and many small fissures
and spread out into the adjacent alluvium.
The conclusion is supported by the fact that the deposit was formed under essentially surface
conditions. The main fissure and some of the associated minor fractures undoubtedly reached the
original surface. In such an environment ascending hypogene'solutions would be under the same
pressures and could very easily have the same temperatures as the supergene solutions that
deposit chrysocolla. And there is no reason why copper and silica could not be present in the
proper amounts to form chrysocolla from such hypogene solutions.
Thomas' theory of a primary origin for the chrysocolla of the Emerald Isle deposit is disputed by
Searls (1950), who states in part:
Rather than to have unchallenged in the record the rather startling suggestion that this chrysocolla
"resulted from deposition by ascending hypogene solutions that rose along one large and many
small fissures and spread out into the adjacent alluvium," the writer begs leave to contribute the
following: Churn drilling by the Calumet and Arizona Company and development by many
individuals and groups (some listed by Schrader), have demonstrated these many years that
important, although probably non-commercial, amounts of disseminated copper are contained in
"The Broncho" or mineralized belt associated with the granite-porphyry intrusions of Mineral Park,
and covered by Mr. Thomas as the "Ithaca Peak disseminated sulphide deposit."
The higher elevation of this belt and the present occurrence of soluble copper in the run-off from it,
through Mineral Park wash (to the extent that copper has been and is still recovered from it, by
precipitation on scrap in certain seasons), has convinced many geologists that Emerald Isle
chrysocolla originally derived from the sulphides connected with this mineralization a mile or more
distant.
This writer shared the skepticism of Mr. Thomas as to likelihood of the transfer,
and still more of the localization, of the (circa) ten thousand tons of copper
now known to exist in the secondary ore of Emerald Isle, from the Mineral Park
disseminations; the more so as on the basis of present topography, higher bedrock
separates the discharge of Mineral Park wash and the Emerald Isle deposit,
a mile to the north of it. No chrysocolla deposits are known to exist in
the bottom of the Gila conglomerate in the area currently receiving the waters
of Mineral Park wash.
Equally unacceptable is the theory that the "vein" at Emerald Isle was the source of primary ore.
The "vein" is one of a series of post-Gila faults that step down the pediment of the Cerbat Range and
develop the graben of the Sacramento Valley, where the Gila and other agglomerate is very deep.
Several of these faults are nearly parallel; and while only two are indicated by the topography,
seismic work discloses others, successively stepping the bedrock down to the west and deepening
the overburden on the basal layer.
As has been pointed out by several engineers, the "vein" ceases to be a vein below the depth at
which it ceases to have the Gila conglomerate on one wall. Below its dip shift, the fault is
unmineralized. Whatever the source of the copper, the emplacement of the chrysocolla (and copper
December 2015
P a g e | 78
pitch) in its present position has been brought about by a process equivalent to that, under which
the African and Australian laterites accumulate. Acid copper-bearing solutions have at certain
seasons over a long period of years trickled along the bedrock of this area and, as the rainy season
yielded moisture to the pull of the sun, have been raised by capillary action into the lower layers of
the gravel. Banding in the distribution suggests that certain of the layers contained a little calcium
carbonate as caliche but not enough to exhaust the acid supply. Not only at the intersection of the
"vein," but also at other small slips and irregularities in the conglomerate, the capillary action and
perhaps osmosis has sucked the green water higher along these avenues of better circulation and,
as Thomas says, the "veinlets pinch out upward" and "the chrysocolla filling apparently was
deposited by ascending solutions." They ascend, however, only from the top of bedrock.
As this conclusion, amply supported in the writer's judgment by observation in the present
workings, leaves unanswered the ultimate source of the copper, Mr. Arthur Storke and the writer,
last year, in behalf of Climax Molybdenum Company and Newmont Mining Corporation, conducted
geophysical surveys over the area, using a method that detects disseminated sulphides whether of
iron or copper. Briefly, the work resulted in the discovery of a large mass of "protore," lying
adjacent to and east of the chrysocolla deposit. This rock carries from 1% to 2y2% sulphide, and is
too low in copper content to warrant drilling. At one small area, this remnant of a "porphyry
copper" actually emerges east of the cover, and presents the gossan of a disseminated body
of pyrite carrying perhaps 0.2% Cu.
There is little doubt that this dissemination (extending over several hundred acres) constitutes the
roots or protore of a more important and possibly at one time commercial "porphyry," of which the
secondary enrichment occurred, as elsewhere in Arizona, in pre-Gila time. Despite its destruction,
the verdure deriving from its wasting chalcocite still adorns the residues of its former cap and
enclosing host rocks.
December 2015
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APPENDIX 7 Mineral Park, Ithaca Peak, Arizona, USA
http://www.portergeo.com.au/database/mineinfo.asp?mineid=mn474
Deposit Description
The Mineral Park orebody is associated with a complex of late Tertiary monzonitic rocks within two
main stocks intruding Middle Proterozoic lithologies. Economic Cu mineralisation is only present
within the supergene blanket, with hypogene grades of 0.1 to 0.15% Cu and 0.04% Mo. The deposit
is located within north-western Arizona, about 125 km to the north-west of Bagdad and lies within
the Arizona-New Mexico Basin and Range Province.
Published reserve and production figures include:
Production + reserves, 1978 - 175 Mt @ 0.53% Cu, 0.04% Mo (Gilmour, 1982),
Production to 1981 - 86 Mt @ 0.35% Cu, 0.03% Mo, 2.3 g/t Ag (Titley, 1992)
Reserves, 1992 - 12 Mt @ 0.27% Cu (Am. Mines H'book, 1994)
Prov.+Prob.+Poss. Leaching reserves, 1994 - 61 Mt @ 0.23% Cu (AME, 1995)
Geology
The geological succession in the Mineral Park area is as follows, from the base (Wilkinson, etal.,
1982):
Proterozoic Cerbat Complex, represented by:
* Middle Proterozoic Metamorphics - the oldest rocks in the mine area, comprising quartz-feldspar
gneiss, biotite schist, amphibolite and quartzite. Amphibolite schists are locally the most abundant
lithologies of the sequence, with lesser quartz-feldspar gneiss, while biotite schists are minor and
quartzites are the least developed.
* Granite Gneiss - the Middle Proterozoic metamorphics were intruded by a batholithic mass, now
represented by gneisses which vary in composition from biotite-quartz-monzonite to biotite
granite. These are the dominant rock types in the Mineral Park area and have been dated at 1760
Ma.
Both of these Proterozoic suites are cut by 1515 to 1606 Ma pegmatites. The granite gneiss
apparently intruded an already folded sequence of rocks. The contact zone between the Batholithic
granite gneiss to the north-east and the older metamorphics to the south-west divides two
structural domains as defined by foliation direction and styles of deformation. This domainal and
lithological boundary trends at 330° and passes through the main mineralised Ithaca Peak Stock as
well as the Alum Wash mineralised centre some 3 km to the north-west. The next youngest rocks
are:
* Diana Granite - a weakly foliated, porphyritic granite with large orthoclase phenocrysts set in a
groundmass of orthoclase, microcline, oligoclase, quartz and biotite. This granite, which has been
dated at 1350 Ma, is in turn cut by 1100±161 Ma pegmatites.
December 2015
P a g e | 80
* Hornblende Meta-diorite - intrudes all of the Proterozoic lithologies, and comprises a medium to
coarse grained, porphyritic-aphanitic, typically non-foliated rock of dioritic composition. It may be
of 1300 to 1400 Ma age.
Late Cretaceous igneous rocks, including biotite-quartz-monzonite porphyry, biotite-quartz-diorite
porphyry and rhyolite dykes. This group of intrusives is localised within the Mineral Park mine
area, where an age of 71.5 Ma has been obtained from a biotite from the porphyry. The biotitequartz-monzonite porphyry and the biotite-quartz-diorite porphyry are discrete intrusions,
although they appear to represent the same intrusive event. They occur as two main masses, the
Ithaca Peak and the Gross Peak Stocks, as follows:
* Ithaca Peak Stock - a single intrusion of quartz monzonite that passively intruded the Proterozoic
Cerbat Complex. It shows concentric zoning which ranges from quartz porphyry at the centre to
biotite-quartz-monzonite on the periphery. The quartz porphyry forms an elliptical zone 600 x 425
m, characterised by large (up to 1.5 cm) quartz eyes, plagioclase, biotite and occasional large (up to
4 cm) K-feldspar phenocrysts in an aplitic groundmass. Near the centre of the quartz porphyry
mass is another 210 x 150 m zone of crenulated sinuous quartz veins and large quartz pods up to
40 x 12 m in size. The outer zone of biotite-quartz-monzonite porphyry is a medium grained
porphyritic-phaneritic to porphyritic-aphanitic rock with plagioclase, biotite, quartz and K-feldspar
phenocrysts in a quartz and K-feldspar matrix.
Variations in the original texture, superimposed on the compositional differences, define three
concentric zones, namely 1). a core of porphyritic-aplitic quartz porphyry; 2). a surrounding
porphyritic-aplitic biotite-quartz-monzonite porphyry; and 3). an outer seriate granitic-biotitequartz-monzonite porphyry forming an incomplete ring on the eastern and south-eastern margin.
Outer contacts with the Proterozoic rocks are sharp with few xenoliths except right at the margin.
* Gross Peak Stock - which is generally highly altered, making phases and internal contacts difficult
to recognise. Two phases are suggested, a biotite-quartz-monzonite porphyry, and a biotite-quartzdiorite porphyry. Cross sections indicate that the Gross Peak Stock is keel shaped in an east-west
direction, pinching out into two large sill-like projections to the south, but attached to the larger
mass in the north. Dykes of biotite-quartz-monzonite porphyry trending into the sill like
appendages.
* Rhyolite Dykes - represent the last intrusive event. They occur as aphanitic white to light pink
rocks with rare small K-feldspar or quartz phenocrysts. The dykes cut the biotite-quartz-monzonite
porphyry, but are in turn cut by the mineralisation.
* Breccia Dykes - several breccia dykes are recognised in the mine, averaging 0.5 m in thickness, but
ranging from 1 cm to 6 m. They contain angular to sub-rounded clasts set randomly in a fine
grained matrix that has been strongly altered to secondary biotite, K-feldspar and quartz. The
fragments comprise all of the rock types of the mine except the Laramide porphyries and are premineralisation. However while the rhyolite dykes cut the monzonite porphyries, and fragments of
rhyolite are found in the breccia, none have been recognised from the monzonite porphyries.
December 2015
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Mineralisation & Alteration
Hydrothermal alteration associated with the Mineral Park deposit is structurally controlled and is
present in two forms (from Wilkinson, etal., 1982), namely:
1) Selectively pervasive alteration - which, while occurring in large volumes of rock, only affects
certain minerals. The earliest event at Mineral Park involved the formation of secondary biotite
from hornblende and primary biotite. This took place over an area of 1.7x1.45 km in the
Proterozoic amphibolite schist and hornblende meta-diorite, and in the late Cretaceous quartz
porphyry and biotite-quartz-monzonite porphyry stocks. In the Proterozoic rocks this alteration
was accompanied by quartz and magnetite, while in the Cretaceous porphyries it was less
pronounced, replacing primary biotite scattered as small flakes in the groundmass. The most
abundant secondary biotite, which is both pervasive and veinlet controlled, is found at the outer
margins of the of the low grade copper core. The second type of pervasive alteration involves the
replacement and rimming of plagioclase by K-feldspar. This has been observed in all rock types but
is less extensive than the development of secondary biotite. Both types of pervasive alteration are
overprinted by all of the veinlet controlled stages below.
2) Veinlet controlled alteration - is the dominant style associated with the ore deposit. It occurs
both within veins and veinlets, and as halos on their margins. The earliest alteration assemblage of
this type encountered comprises pre-sulphide K-feldspar-biotite veinlets. These are usually
irregular, contain little quartz and may be tens of metres in length. The biotite in these veins shows
evidence of being marginally older than the feldspar. Sparse coarse grained quartz-biotite veins
appear next, followed by two molybdenite bearing sets, the quartz-K feldspar-anhydrite-pyritemolybdenite and quartz-molybdenite-pyrite veinlets. Neither has any observable chalcopyrite.
They were followed by chalcopyrite bearing veinlets comprising the assemblage quartzchalcopyrite-pyrite-chlorite-K feldspar ±anhydrite ±magnetite ±epidote. These chalcopyrite veins
consistently carry minor sphalerite. Subsequently quartz-pyrite-sericite ±carbonate veinlets
appeared and are best developed in the more felsic rocks, while in the more mafic rocks sericite is
less common, and calcite, chlorite and very minor epidote take its place. The final stage of sulphide
deposition is represented by a complex series of veins involving quartz-chalcopyrite-pyritesphalerite-galena which are of minor significance in the open pits, but are important in the district
where they may be up to 16 m thick. Within the Cretaceous biotite-quartz-monzonite porphyry and
the Proterozoic Granite Gneiss complex final stage vein assemblages are found of chlorite-epidotesericite-clay, silicification with white mica selvages and sericite-clay-sphene which replaces the first
two.
The early pervasive, pre-mineral K-silicate assemblage is extensively developed throughout the pit
area, although the late overprinting post-mineral quartz-sericite veining is equally extensive,
occurring up to several hundred metres beyond the pervasive alteration. Molybdenum
mineralisation at >0.01% Mo forms an elliptical zone which encloses an annular +0.03% Mo zone
200 to 360 m wide surrounding a low grade core. Grades within the 0.03% Mo annulus are variable,
with zone exceeding 0.06% Mo being common. The bottom of the Mo zone, which appears to have
steep margins, is not known, but may extend for up to 500 below the surface. The lateral extent of
hypogene Cu is not well defined because of the overprint of supergene mineralisation (Wilkinson,
etal., 1982).
Drilling into the hypogene zone at depth indicates a similar annular zone of Cu mineralisation, with
values ranging between 0.05 and 0.15% Cu, averaging 690 ppm. The low grade Cu core within the
annulus has <500 ppm Cu and generally coincides with the low grade Mo core. Primary Cu
decreases with depth, and bottoms at higher levels than does the Mo. The low grade core zone is
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not centred on the stock, but is located partly within the main stock and partly within the
Proterozoic amphibolite schist. Within the barren core the porphyry stock is heavily quartz-veined
and includes the crenulated quartz veins and pods described earlier. Cu mineralisation is more
extensive laterally than the Mo. In addition the associations with host rock also vary, with higher Cu
grades tending to occur in the more mafic Proterozoic rocks, relative to the more felsic rocks, while
the reverse is the case with Mo. Mo is almost totally restricted to quartz veins, whereas much of the
chalcopyrite is observed in selvages adjacent to veins where it shows an affinity for mafic minerals,
especially biotite (Wilkinson, etal., 1982).
Molybdenite veining exhibits a preference for an east-west fracture trend which does not parallel
any pre-Laramide direction, although subsidiary sets are sub-parallel to Proterozoic foliations.
These have densities of 0.02 to 0.14 per cm, averaging 0.05 per cm. They are cut by quartz-pyritesericite veins which are mainly NW and less frequently NE trending, and are more extensive than
the molybdenite system (Wilkinson, etal., 1982).
The supergene blanket at Mineral Park constitutes the economic orebody. The zone of oxidation, as
known in 1968, extends to an average depth of 40 m below the present surface. Leaching was
thorough, with turquoise the only Cu mineral of significance in the leached cap (Anderson, 1968).
Supergene enrichment below this is distributed over a vertical interval of around 200 m and is
perched some 30 m above the present water table. Although the base of the supergene blanket is
irregular due to variations in fracture density, it generally conforms to the topography of Ithaca
Peak.
The supergene blanket resulted from chalcocite coating or replacement of pyrite and minor
chalcopyrite. The present form of the chalcocite blanket mineralisation is the result of oxidation
and erosion of a previously cycle of enrichment. Since the emplacement of the hypogene ore at
around 71.5 Ma, the Mineral Park area has undergone two periods of uplift, in the Miocene and the
Pliocene-Pleistocene. The deposit had previously been buried by a widespread Oligocene
ignimbrites. The initial enrichment may have been pre-Oligocene, followed by the second stage in
the Pliocene-Pleistocene, after the erosion of the ignimbrite (Eidel, etal., 1968).
The chalcocite blanket cuts across the contact between the Laramide stocks and the Proterozoic
Cerbat Complex. It occurs as several separate layers with intervening barren to weak Cu
mineralisation. A barren pyrite zone is found between the base of oxidation and the zone of
enrichment. This barren zone comprises pyrite from which thin earlier enrichment coatings of
chalcocite were leached by meteoric fluids. Similar pyrite mineralisation with very low
accompanying Cu extends downwards in the centre of the pit (Eidel, etal., 1968).
An enrichment factor of 3 is estimated from a hypogene grade of 0.15% to the average 0.45% Cu of
the bulk supergene blanket. Smaller tonnages of +0.45% Cu are attributed to higher hypogene
protore alone, or to more intense enrichment. The large majority of the mineralised veinlets had a
low chalcopyrite content and were only weakly enriched by chalcocite coatings of pyrite, while the
few with a high chalcopyrite content were strongly enriched by chalcocite completely replacing
chalcopyrite as well as coating accompanying pyrite. A few major veins originally containing
sphalerite, argentiferous galena and chalcopyrite were also strongly enriched by chalcocite.
Replacement of chalcopyrite by chalcocite is so strong that the little remaining chalcopyrite is
usually only found within pyrite grains that have been coated, but not entirely replaced by
chalcocite. Many of the fractures occupied by veins within the orebody were reactivated and the
contained pyrite was comminuted, thus increasing their surface area for reaction and generation of
chalcocite. Sphalerite is partially replaced by chalcocite. Molybdenum levels in the supergene and
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P a g e | 83
hypogene mineralisation are similar, while in the oxide zone molybdenite was converted to
ferrimolybdite, with no significant leaching or enrichment (Eidel, etal., 1968).
The most recent source geological information used to prepare this summary was dated: 1997.
This description is a summary from published sources, the chief of which are listed below.
© Copyright Porter GeoConsultancy Pty Ltd. Unauthorised copying, reproduction, storage or
dissemination prohibited.
References & Additional Information
Lang J R, Eastoe C J 1988 - Relationships between a Porphyry Cu-Mo deposit, base and precious
metal veins, and Laramide intrusions, Mineral Park, Arizona: in Econ. Geol. v83 pp 551-567
Lang J R, Guan Y, Eastoe C J 1989 - Stable isotope studies of Sulfates and Sulfides in the Mineral
Park Porphyry Cu-Mo system, Arizona: in Econ. Geol. v84 pp 650-662
Wilkinson W H, Vega L A, Titley S R 1982 - Geology and ore deposits at Mineral Park, Mohave
County, Arizona: in Titley S R 1983 Advances in Geology of the Porphyry Copper Deposits,
Southwestern North America University of Arizona Press, Tucson pp 523-541
December 2015

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