Resource bank pdf

Transcription

Resource bank pdf

The Culloden Visitor Centre and Battlefield
The Resource Bank
The Jacobite army - Highland Jacobites
Resource bank 2
The Jacobites line up
Resource bank 3
The Government Army - Government soldiers
Resource bank 4
A Highland soldier
Resource bank 5
Redcoats with muskets
Resource bank 6
The Battle - Battle map
Battle scale: 1 kilometre
Culloden Battlefield 01
N
Kingston
Howard
413
Royal
106
401
Pultney
410
Fleming
Culloden Parks
350
Cholmondely
399
mortars
354
500
Battereau
Bligh
Glen Garry
412
Price
304
200
96
Blakeney
Keppoch
200
Sempel
Scots Fuziliers
Clanranald
Inverness
Nairn
300
The Highland Horse
420
358
150
260
Kingston
Chisholms
Irish Picquets
120
mortars
105
MacLeods
200
290
Duke of Perth’s
426
325
Monro
Ligonier
MacLeans
200
Glenbucket
250
200
Wolfe
Farquharsons
Kilmarnock
Barrell
200
350
John Roy Stewart's
324
325
Clan Chattan
400
500
Frasers
Lord Ogilvie’s
Leanach Enclosure
16
O'Shea
200
Lord Lewis Gordon’s
Stewarts of Appin
and MacLarens
250
Cobham
276
Ker
300
300
400
Camerons
The Argyleshire Men
Initial position of both armies
c.12 noon on 16th April 1746
200
500
350
French Royal Scots
Atholl Men
90
Fitzjames’s Horse
Culwhiniac Enclosure
Resource bank 7
The Finlayson Map
Resource bank 8
Map of Object Finds
-APOF/BJECT&INDS
!REAOFSURVEY
'OVERNMENTMUSKETBALL
*ACOBITEMUSKETBALL
5NATTRIBUTEDMUSKETBALL
0ISTOLSHOT
!RTILLERY½RE
0ERSONALITEMS
-USKETPARTS
#ULWHINIAC%NCLOSURE
Resource bank 9
The battle of Culloden: 16th April 1746
Timeline of key events
Time
Jacobite activity
Government activity
10.30
Jacobites are one mile east of Culloden. They are
scattered and disorganised after the night march.
Marching between Nairn and Culloden
in 3 columns.
11.00 12.00
Jacobites have spotted the government army
in the distance and have gradually moved into
position, one mile to the west.
Government army move into position
12.00 –
12.30
Firming up positions.
Government cavalry moving through
12.30
Jacobites fire first cannon of the battle, trying to
destroy Government cannons.
Jacobites under fire as they wait for order to
charge.
Government responds instantly with
volley after volley of cannon fire.
Wind blows smoke from Government
line towards Jacobites.
12.35
Order to charge given by messenger galloping
down the Jacobite line, from their left wing to their
right .
Govenrment cannon switch to firing
canister and grapeshot instead of
cannonballs.
12.40
Jacobites still charging – right wing reaches
Government line first; under government musket
fire.
Barrell’s, Monro’s and Royal Scots
Fusiliers fire muskets as Jacobites
approach
In the meantime Jacobite cavalry in the second
line is moving round to form defensive line against
Government cavalry.
12.45 –
12.50
Fierce hand to hand fighting. Atholl and Locheil
regiments break Government front line – but lose
roughly 700 men in 2-3 minutes.
Monro’s and Barrell’s keep up musket
fire until Jacobites are nearly on them;
then fix bayonets. Most deaths on the
government side are from these two
regiments.
12.50 –
12.55
Jacobites on right are surrounded; those on left
are struggling to charge through bog; those in rear
are holding off Government cavalry.
Government second line move forward
around buildings at Leanach to reinforce
their front line. Jacobites surrounded.
12.5513.00
Jacobites begin to retreat west across field. Irish
regiments in second line defend their retreat.
Attacked by government Highlanders in Culwhiniac
enclosure.
Prince Charles leaves field under escort.
Regiments sweep forward across
battlefield with bayonets fixed.
Government Highlanders under Captain
Colin Campbell fire on retreating
Jacobites from Cuwhiniac enclosure.
13.00
Full retreat of all regiments.
Cumberland orders cavalry charge to
pursue retreating Jacobites.
The next
day
Surviving Jacobites meet at Ruthven Barracks, by
Kingussie. Receive orders from Prince to ‘shift for
themselves’. Prince is escaping to the west.
Cumberland and troops re-occupy
Inverness.
Resource bank 10
Battle map sequence
N
Kingston
Howard
413
Royal
106
401
Pultney
410
Fleming
Culloden Parks
350
Cholmondely
399
mortars
354
500
Battereau
Bligh
Glen Garry
412
Price
304
200
96
Blakeney
Keppoch
200
Sempel
Scots Fuziliers
Clanranald
Inverness
Nairn
300
The Highland Horse
420
358
150
260
Kingston
Chisholms
Irish Picquets
120
mortars
105
MacLeods
200
426
290
Duke of Perth’s
325
Monro
Ligonier
MacLeans
200
Glenbucket
250
200
Wolfe
Farquharsons
Kilmarnock
Barrell
200
324
325
350
John Roy Stewart's
Clan Chattan
400
500
Frasers
Lord Ogilvie’s
Leanach Enclosure
16
200
O'Shea
Stewarts of Appin
and MacLarens
250
Cobham
276
Ker
300
300
400
Camerons
The Argyleshire Men
Initial position of both armies
c.12 noon on 16th April 1746
200
500
350
French Royal Scots
Atholl Men
90
Fitzjames’s Horse
N
Kingston
Kingston
Culloden Parks
Glen Garry
Keppoch
Clanranald
Nairn
The Highland Horse
Chisholms
Duke of Perth’s
Inverness
MacLeods
Irish Picquets
Glenbucket
Cobham
MacLeans
Farquharsons
Kilmarnock
Clan Chattan
John Roy Stewart's
Frasers
Stewarts of Appin
and MacLarens
Lord Ogilvie’s
O'Shea
Camerons
Atholl Men
Lord George Murray move the Atholl
Brigade halfway down the Culwhiniac wall.
The Jacobite left wing remain in place next
to the wall of Culloden Parks causing the
front line to stretch and change its angle.
Any gaps created are filled by units
coming forward from the second line.
French Royal Scots
Fitzjames’s Horse
Cumberland interprets the move as an
attempt to shift the axis of the attack towards
his uncovered right wing and so extends it by
taking units from his own reserve.
Resource bank 11
N
Pulteney
Battereau
Kingston
Cobham
Culloden Parks
Duke of Perth’s
Glenbucket
Nairn
The Highland Horse
Inverness
Irish Picquets
Kilmarnock
Frasers
John Roy Stewart's
Lord Ogilvie’s
Stewarts of Appin
and MacLarens
O'Shea
French Royal Scots
Fitzjames’s Horse
Cumberland extends his right wing.
The Argyleshire Men begin breaking
down the first of the Culwhiniac walls.
N
Cobham
Kingston
Battereau
Pulteney
Culloden Parks
Duke of Perth’s
Glenbucket
Nairn
Inverness
The Highland Horse
Irish Picquets
Kilmarnock
Frasers
John Roy Stewart's
Lord Ogilvie’s
Stewarts of Appin
and MacLarens
O'Shea
French
Royal Scots
Fitzjames’s Horse
Both armies have now completed their
redeployments on the moor, but as the dragoons
move into the Culwhiniac enclosure, the Jacobites
become uneasy about their right wing.
Culloden picture sequence
Resource bank 12
N
Culloden Parks
Nairn
Inverness
The Highland Horse
Irish Picquets
Kilmarnock
O'Shea
French Royal Scots
Lord Ogilvie’s
While The Argyleshire Men break down the
second wall, no fewer than four Jacobite
battalions are on the move to meet them.
Fitzjames’s Horse
N
Culloden Parks
Nairn
Inverness
The Highland Horse
Irish Picquets
Kilmarnock
French Royal Scots
O'Shea
Lord Ogilvie’s
Fitzjames’s Horse
The Argyleshire Men
Government dragoons are now clear of the
enclosure walls and riding west to meet
the newly formed Jacobite right flank.
Resource bank 13
N
Culloden Parks
Nairn
Inverness
O'Shea
The Jacobite frontline advances whilst
other battalions form a defensive position
to meet Government dragoons.
Fitzjames’s Horse
Lord Ogilvie’s
N
Culloden Parks
Nairn
Inverness
Claymore! The Highland charge begins.
Due to better going under foot, the
Jacobite right wing advances more rapidly.
The full force of the Highland charge is about
to hit the Government left flank.
Cobham
Ker
Resource bank 14
N
Culloden Parks
Nairn
Inverness
O'Shea
The Jacobite charge continues and starts to take
serious casualties from canon and musket fire.
Hawley orders one of his two dragoon regiments
to attack the Jacobite defenses west of Culchunaig.
N
Culloden Parks
Bligh
Nairn
Sempel
Inverness
Monro
Ligonier
Barrell
Wolfe
The Jacobite charge hits the Government
frontline and smashes through Barrell's regiment.
Resource bank 15
N
Culloden Parks
Nairn
Inverness
O'Shea
Whilst fierce fighting rages and Cumberland's
right flank begins to break up, Major Huske moves
the Government second line forward for a counter attack.
N
Culloden Parks
Nairn
Inverness
O'Shea
The intensity of musket fire
from the Goverment troops has a
devastating effect on the Jacobite
right wing, it begins to break up.
Resource bank 16
N
Culloden Parks
Nairn
Inverness
The Highland Horse
Irish Picquets
O'Shea
Culchunaig
The Jacobite defensive position west
of Culchunaig collapses and Cobham's
dragoons break out onto the moor.
Cumberland orders his cavalry to attack.
The Jacobite army begins to retreat.
N
Culloden Parks
Nairn
Inverness
Irish Picquets
Wolfe
The Jacobite Army retreats.
Cumberland's Cavalry sweeps across the moor
and he moves artillery to take out the single
cannon in the corner of Culloden Parks.
Resource bank 17
N
Culloden Parks
Nairn
Inverness
Wolfe
The Goverment frontline advances with bayonets fixed.
Resource bank 18
1. A Jacobite soldier
Resource bank 19
2. The redcoats move into position
Resource bank 20
3. The redcoats arrive on Culloden moor
Resource bank 21
4. The Jacobites line up
Resource bank 22
5. Redcoats stand in line
Resource bank 23
6. Redcoat soldier
Resource bank 24
7. Redcoats with muskets
Resource bank 25
8. Jacobite musket fire
Resource bank 26
9. Redcoat cavalry
10. Redcoat Highlanders, the Argyll militia move into position
Resource bank 27
11. Redcoat highland piper behind the Culwhiniac wall
12. Jacobite musket fire
Resource bank 28
13. Redcoat soldiers fix bayonets
14. Fixing bayonets
Resource bank 29
15. Bayonets ready
Resource bank 30
16. The two armies face each other
Resource bank 31
17. Waiting to charge
Resource bank 32
18. Redcoats brace themselves for the charge
Resource bank 33
19. Charge!
Resource bank 34
20. The charge
Resource bank 35
21. The Charge 2
Resource bank 36
22. Redcoats fire at the advancing Jacobites
Resource bank 37
23. Charging with targe and broadsword
Resource bank 38
24. The Charge 3
Resource bank 39
25. Redcoats face the charge
Resource bank 40
26. The Charge 4
Resource bank 41
27. The Highland charge nears the Redcoat front line
Resource bank 42
26. The Charge 5
Resource bank 43
29. The armies collide - hand to hand fighting
Resource bank 44
30. Close range fighting
Resource bank 45
31. Redcoats force the Jacobites back
Resource bank 46
32. The Jacobites in retreat
33. Jacobites under surprise attack from Culwhiniac
Resource bank 47
34. Redcoat cavalry sweep the field
Resource bank 48
35. A young Jacobite casualty
Resource bank 49
Resource bank 50
Yorke’s sketch map of the battle
Resource bank 51
Eyewitness accounts of the battle
1. Donald Mackay of Acmonie, Glen Urquhart – Jacobite volunteer soldier
Donald Mackay was a young boy who joined the Jacobites with his father and brother on the very day of
the battle. He escaped, but later surrendered and was then transported to the West Indies. He escaped
again as a stowaway to Jamaica where he worked on plantations before finally returning to Scotland as an
old man. This account was originally written in Gaelic.
Friends, I am now an old man and it is a long, long time since the year of Charles. But if you want
a story, I shall tell you about the battle of Culloden. At that time I was a young and strong man. I
had not left home and worked the croft with my father and brother. News came to our glen that
Duke William and the red soldiers were approaching Inverness and that Prince Charles and the
Highlanders were preparing to fight against them. No sooner had we got the news than my father,
brother, myself and quite a number of others from the glen left to go to the aid of the Prince.
We went through the town of Inverness and reached Drumashie where we found the Highland army
in battle formation on the hill. They put us in the Glengarry regiment where we had many relatives
and friends. When we reached the army a great shout of joy went up, welcoming us. Prince Charles
himself, riding a white horse, was moving around among the Highland army. He was a fine fellow, a
true prince. There has not been seen, and there will never be seen again in the Highlands, a prince
of his equal.
The morning was cold and stormy as we stood on the battlefield - snow and rain blowing against
us. Before long we saw the red soldiers, in battle formation, in front of us and although the day was
wild and wet we could see the red coats of the soldiers and the blue tartan of the Campbells in our
presence.
The battle began and the pellets came at us like hail-stones. The big guns were thundering and
causing frightful break up among us, but we ran forward and - oh dear!, oh dear! - what cutting and
slicing there was and many the brave deeds performed by the Gaels. I saw Iain Mor MacGilliosa
(Big Iain Gillies) cutting down the English as if he was cutting corn and Iain Breac Shiosallach
(Freckled Iain Chisholm) killing them as though they were flies. But the English were numerous and
we were few and a large number of our friends fell. The dead lay on all sides and the cries of pain of
the wounded rang in our ears. You could see a riderless horse running and jumping as if mad.
When I saw that the battle was lost, I thought it best to leave and make for home. I said this to my
brother who was near me and we made in the direction of Inverness as quickly as we could. When
we reached Culcabock we stopped, feeling faint with hunger. I had some oatcakes in my bag and
we got a drink of milk from an old lady who was beside the road. “How did the day go? she asked.
“Badly for the Prince,” we replied, and left in haste.
We went through the river near the islands above the town of Inverness and arrived home during
the night. My father arrived safely in the morning and boundless was my mother’s joy at having us
back home safe and well.
2. Chevalier de Johnstone – James Johnstone – Jacobite officer
Born 1719 in Edinburgh, James Johnstone was the son of a merchant, and was aged around 27 at the time
of the battle. He fought on the Jacobite left, under the Duke of Perth. He had an adventurous life after
Culloden, escaping through England to the continent disguised as a pedlar. Later on he served with French
forces in America, and died in France around 1800. He also wrote his account long after the battle.
[On the morning of 16th April]..exhausted by hunger and overwhelmed with the excessive fatigue of
the last three nights, as soon as we had returned to Culloden I galloped to Inverness at full speed,
Resource bank 52
where….I undressed myself almost asleep and having already one leg in bed, ready to stretch
myself between two blankets – what a surprise! At that moment I heard the drum and trumpets..
sounding ‘to horse! To horse!” which struck me like a clap of thunder. I put on my clothes again, my
eyes half shut, and mounting my horse I returned back on the instant to our army.
[Our army was]…on a rising ground, from which we saw the English army, distant from us about
two miles. They seemed at first inclined to encamp there…but all of a sudden we saw them
immediately in motion to advance towards us… The ground on the bottom, between Culloden house
and the enclosure on our right, was marshy, and the water mid-way up the leg – well chosen for
affording us a protection from the English cavalry. The English were drawn up in battle order in three
lines; and we had difficulty in forming two….
The Prince remained..beyond the shot of the enemy’s musketry [and] saw the English engaged in
breaking down the walls of the enclosure to take us in flank, and he sent immediately order upon
order to Lord George Murray to throw a force into the enclosure.. but Lord George paid no attention
to it…The English having broken down the wall of the enclosure there entered it two regiments of
their cavalry, with four pieces of cannon which they got to play upon our right with grape shot, close
to the muzzles, producing a fire so terrible that they mowed down our right wing, like as they cut
down a field of corn and swept away our whole ranks.
By the unevenness of the marshy ground, our right and the centre were the first to come in contact
with the enemy; ….. but overwhelmed by a fire so terrible in flank, our right were unable to sustain
it, and were obliged at once to take to flight, while our centre had already pierced the first line of the
enemy , and cut through the second,
[My friend], Macdonald of Scothouse had engaged me to accompany him to the charge with his
regiment. We were on the left of our army, and at the distance of about twenty paces from the
enemy, when the rout commenced to become general, before even we had made our charge on
the left. Almost at the same instant that I saw poor Scot fall – the most worthy man that I had ever
known and with whom I had been allied in friendship the most pure from the commencement of the
expedition – to the increase of my horror, I beheld the Highlanders around me turning their backs
to fly. I remained for a time motionless, and lost in astonishment; I then, in a rage, discharged my
blunderbuss at the enemy, and immediately endeavoured to save myself like the rest; but having
charged on foot and in my boots, I was so overcome by the marshy ground, the water of which
reached to the middle of my legs, that instead of running I could barely walk.
I had left my servant, Robertson, on the [hill] with my horses, where the Prince was during the
battle, about 300 paces behind us.. My first attention on returning was to fix my eyes on that hill,
to discover Robertson. It was in vain. I neither saw the Prince, nor his servants, nor anybody on
horseback – all being gone and already out of sight. I only saw a terrible platform – the field of the
battle, from the right to the left our army, all covered with Highlanders dispersed and running all that
their legs could carry them, to save themselves.
3. Edward Linn – soldier in the Government army
Edward Linn was a soldier with the 21st Royal Scots Fuziliers, on the Government front line. We don’t know
anything about him, other than what he writes in this letter to his wife soon after the battle.
Inverness Camp. 20th Aprile, 1746.
Loving Spouse
I give you the trouble of these to acquaint you what great things God almighty hath done for us.
… Upon Munday the 14th we came to Nairn and halted there one day; & upon Tuesdays night the 15th
as we are informed by our Prisoners, the rebels were within a mile and a half of our camp in order to
Alarm us & Cutt us all to pieces, but God that is Strongest would not allow them Such a Vile Action for
Resource bank 53
they lost one of their Lines and one pair of their colours & did not agree amongst themselves, So that
they returned. They told us they heard our Centries call out all is well.
And upon Wednesday the 16th instant we marched from Nairn pretty early & it was a very bad day both
for Wind and Rain, But thank God it was straight upon our Backs. We marched 10 long miles before
we came up with the enemy & upon a long Boggie Muir 2 miles from Inverness; the Enemie formed
in 2 Lines against us & came up very boldly.
It was a little past 12 of the clock when we began & by one a Clock it was all over; they fired 2 pieces
of Cannon first upon us; we Returned them 6, & so they came up very boldly & very fast all in a cloud
together, Sword in hand; they fired their pieces & flung them away, but we gave them so warm a
Reception that we kept a Continuall Closs ffireing upon them with our Small Arms; besides, 2 or 3 of
our Cannon gave them a Closs with grape shott which galled them very much & so in ane instant they
Retreated & our cannon & a few Royalls sent them a few small bomb Shells & Cannon balls to their
farewell …
Immediately our horse that were upon our Right & left Wings pursued with Sword & Pistoll & Cutt a
great many of them down So that I never saw a Small field thicker of Dead..
Our Small Arms Work lasted only about a quarter of ane hour & the Cannonading about ¾ of ane
hour. We lost very few men of our army, only a few wounded; our loss is about 200 men Wounded &
Killed. Thank God we lost not one man of our Regiment, only a few Wounded; we never had Such
good Luck befor. There are killed of the enemy above 3000 men & a great many Wounded, & we took
13 pieces of Brass Cannon from them & we got in the field of battle above 4000 Stand of Arms;
…we took about 300 men prisoners …. a vast many of the French Officers came in next day &
Surrendered themselves to the Duke & have the Liberty to Walk through the toun. ….. & we send out
every day Strong parties of foot & horse & they bring in great heaps of prisoners every day.
Note there was only 3 or 4 Regiments of foot in the front Line that were engadged; our Center &
Rear Lines were not engadged att all; the battle was only on the left of the front line; the Regiments
that were engadged were barrels & Monroes & ours, & the Enemy Brake through Barrells and beat
them a little Back, & Semples & Blyths came up from the Centre Line & Supplied their place. We
have about 100 of our Deserters that Deserted from our Army in fflanders taken prisoners that fought
against us in the Battle & they are all to be hanged & they are a hanging of them every day.
We expect to Stay here Some time until matters be settled in this Countrey & then go off by
Detachments, Some one way, Some another. I hope by the Assistance of God almighty that the heart
of the Rebellion is Broke & that they will not be able to Rally any more…
I desire the Minister to Remember me in his prayers to God for so great a delivery, for befor we
engadged it raind very sore as I ever seed, both hail & Rain & a Strong Wind, but just as the enemy
began to fire their Cannon it grew a fine day, & the Wind was Strong on our back & the enemies face
so, that we could hardly See them for our Smoke.
The Rebells sayeth they never seed the English fight in such a manner for they thought we were all
Mad men that fought so. They choosed that Bogie Moor to fight in by Reason they thought we could
not bring up our Cannon through it, but, thank God, they were all mistaken, for though some of our
Carriadges Boged sometimes, yet they got them still forward; & they thought it was such a bad day
that our firelocks would not fire, but they were very much mistaken for Scarce one in a Regiment
missed fireing, for we kept them dry with our Coat laps.
We waded to the Knees in Mud and Dirt through the Moor Severall times that day with a good will to
be att them, & no Wonder, considering the fatigues we have undergone this Winter by hunger & cold
& Marching night & day, after them….
The Duke Rode through our front Line just befor we began & desired us not to be Afraid, & after it was
Resource bank 54
over he Rode along the Same Line & Returnd us a great many thanks for our good behaviour & he
said he never Seed better ordered or better done….
These with my Love & duty to you, my Dear, & to all friends. I ever am
Your Loving Husband,
Edward Linn.
4. Donald Campbell of Airds, Highland officer with the Government army
Campbell of Airds was one of the many Scots and Highlanders who remained loyal to the Government.
He was from the west coast, near Appin where he was employed by the Duke of Argyll. He was a captain
with the Argyll Militia and watched the battle closely as he guarded the baggage train. He wrote this letter
shortly after the battle.
Inverness, 22 April 1746
Dear Sir
I wrote you a short account of the glorious battle of Culloden the night after the action but as it was
in a hurry I fancy it will not be disagreeable if do it now more particularly, and according to the best
observations I could make.
The 15th HRH halted the army at Nairn, sent for the commanding officers , acquainting them that he
expected to engage the rebels next day and to prepare the officers and men….
The 16th the army decamped early, officers and soldiers in the highest spirits. Col Campbell with his
men and a party of the light horse were sent before to examine the roads and woods in the way.
The army march’d in four columns when within two miles of Culloden, the advanced party halted till
the army came up and drew up in battle order….
The orders given [myself] … was to divide [the] men on the right and left wings of the army and so
to march on till the engagement begun, when they were to retire to guard the baggage…
The rebels had three batteries at a cottage above the parks of Culloden from which they begun to
play [i.e.fire] on our line about one in the afternoon. Their complement was soon returned by our
cannon from the right center and left. Theirs did little or no execution but ours a great deal and
disordered them so that as they could not stand it, they endeavoured to break in on our line, sword
in hands and advanced very resolutely but were received with such a closs and hot fire from our
small arms that they soon gave ground and fled out right which by the by was the pleasantest sight I
ever beheld. In the pursuit the dragoons and light horses made terrible slaughter of them.
The cannonading continued about nine minutes and the whole was over in less than an hour.
General Bland and the cavalry .. on the left… was stopt by two high stone park dykes that lay in
his way…. Ballimore and his command were ordered to break down them dykes and make way
for the horse - which they executed, and taking advantage of the second dyke …. fired closs on a
strong party of the rebels that then formed the right…..and pulling them to disorder, General Bland
advanced with the cavalry and cut numbers of them to pieces.
It was in passing a slap [gap] in the second dyke that Ballimore was shot dead, and that Achnaber
received his wounds of which he dyed next day.
The right of our army got little to do, the greatest pressure lighted on Barrell’s regiment who were
once disordered but being supported by Munroe’s and Sempill’s soon formed, closed their ranks
and did great execution. The Scots Fusiliers who behaved gloriously made the first break amongst
the enemy without the loss of one man. They had the Duke’s particular thanks saying it was owing
to them the victory was so cheap.
Resource bank 55
There never was a more compleat victory obtained. We got all the enemies cannon, ammunition
and a good part of their baggage. His RH acted not only the part of a general but aid de camp, was
all the time in the lines giving orders with the same coolness as a judge sitting on his bench.
The troops all behaved remarkably well and …. not a single man turn’d his back or come off from
his line, even the few wounded men came off in spirits. Our loss was surprisingly small. The only
officer of distinction killed was Lord Robert Kerr and about 40 private men.
Of the enemy at least 1500 fell in the field and chase, some say upwards of 2000 and that of their
best men, mostly clans and numbers of gentlemen..There are many prisoners but as more are still
bringing in, the exact number cannot be ascertained.
The night of the 15th preceding the battle the rebels proposed to surprise and attack our camp
at Nairn and came within less than three miles of us. One of their columns commanded by Lord
George Murray missed their way so that the Pretender who commanded the other could have no
account of him and made him cry out with extream anxiety that he was betrayed by Lord George.
This incident so disconcerted their schemes that they found it must be an hour of day light or they
could reach our camp, which made them turn tail and return to their former cantonment [?} about
Culloden parks.
The fatigue of this night’s march, joined to empty stomachs and light purses with the Duke’s coming
up sooner than probably they expected gave us considerable advantage.
Some of the pretenders domesticks are come in , no certain account what is become of himself. It
is said, tho I cannot say it with certainty that the rebels are gathering [by] Fort Augustus and Laggan
… if it is so, I fancy we shall soon beat up their quarters tho the precise day is not yet named.
Resource bank 56

Resource bank pdf

Transcription

Similar documents

FREE MAP 13 Bus

Practice Leaflet - Culloden Medical Practice

Untitled - Visit Scotland

TA-SETI Goodies

View Bordewich`s presentation for the U.S.

Airborne Creed, Canada

Here`s the cool way to invite your guests to your B