19 trends of science, research and university edu

Transcription

Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín
Izhevsk State Technical University
Publishing House:
(the international scientific journal founded by two universities from Slovak Republic and Russian Federation.)
This Journal originated with kindly support of Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic.
Editorial Office
Študentská 1, 911 50 Trenčín, Tel.: 032/7 400 279, 032/7 400 277
[email protected], [email protected]
Honorary Editors
Wagner Juraj, Dr.h.c., Assoc.prof., Ing., PhD.,
rector, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Slovak Republic
Abramov Ivan Vasiľjevič, Dr.h.c. prof. Ing., DrSc.,
rector, Izhevsk State Technical University, Russian Federation
Editor-in-Chief
Wagner Juraj, Dr.h.c., Assoc.prof., Ing., PhD., Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín
Science Editor
Dubovská Rozmarína, prof. Ing., DrSc., Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín
Members
Slovak Republic
Alexy Július, prof. Ing., PhD.
Gulášová Ivica, Assoc.prof., PhDr., PhD.
Jóna Eugen, prof. Ing., DrSc.
Letko Ivan, prof. Ing., PhD.
Maňas Pavel, Assoc.prof., Ing., PhD.
Mečár Miroslav, Assoc.prof., Ing., PhD.
Melník Milan, prof. Ing., DrSc.
Obmaščík Michal, Prof. Ing., PhD.
Zgodavová Kristína, prof. Ing., PhD.
Izhevsk State Technical University
Russian Federation
Jakimovič Boris Anatoľjevič, prof., DrSc.
Alijev Ali Vejsovič - prof., DrSc.
Turygin Jurij Vasiľjevič - prof., DrSc.
Ščenjatskij Aleksej Valerjevič - prof., DrSc.
Kuznecov Andrej Leonidovič - prof., DrSc.
Fiľkin Nikolaj Michajlovič - prof., DrSc.
Sivcev Nikolaj Sergejevič - prof., DrSc.
Senilov Michail Andrejevič - prof., DrSc.
Klekovki Viktor Sergejevič - prof., DrSc.
Trubačev Jevgenij Semenovič - prof., DrSc.
Redaction
Wagnerová Ružena, Ing.
Publishing House
Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Študentská 2, 911 50 Trenčín
Graphic Design
3z SOLUTIONS - Zuzana Slezáková, www.3zs.sk
Technical Information
© 2007 All rights reserved.
Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Slovak Republic
University Review No. 1
Trenčín: Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín
2007, 56 p.
ISSN 1337-6047
contents
2
Contributors
3
Editor’s Preface
5
Rector´s Preface
7
Ten Years of Science and Research at Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín
Dr.h.c., Assoc.prof., Ing. Juraj Wagner, PhD.
Prof. RNDr. Juraj Slabeycius, PhD.
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Faculty of Mechatronics and Its Role in Recent Research and Science
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Trends of Science, Research and University Education Development
at the Faculty of Industrial Technologies in Púchov
Assoc.prof. Ing. Dušan Maga, PhD.
Prof. RNDr. Pavel Koštial, PhD.
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Faculty of Social and Economic Relations
Assoc.prof. Ing. Miroslav Mečár, PhD.
Condition And Development of Science and Research
at the Faculty of Special Technology
Prof. Ing. Bohumil Bátora, PhD.
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Scientific and Research Profile Faculty of Nursing
45
Institute of Natural and Human Sciences and His Scientific Results
55
Instructions For Contributors
Assoc.prof. MUDr. Ján Bielik, PhD.
Prof. Ing. Ján Garaj, DrSc.
Contributors
Dr.h.c. Assoc.prof. Ing. Juraj Wagner, PhD.
rector of Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín
e-mail: [email protected]
Prof. RNDr. Juraj Slabeycius, PhD.
vice–rector for Science, Research and International Relations
Assoc.prof. Ing. Dušan Maga, PhD.
dean of Faculty of Mechatronics
prof. RNDr. Pavel Koštial, PhD.
dean of Faculty of Industrial Technologies
dean of Faculty of Social and Economic Relations
prof. Ing. Bohumil Bátora, PhD.
dean of Faculty of Special Technology
Assoc.prof. MUDr. Ján Bielik, PhD.
dean of Faculty of Nursing
prof. Ing. Ján Garaj, DrSc.
director of Institute of Natural Sciences and Humanities
Editor´s Preface
M
y words are meant to address those scientists, researchers and
academicians who are touched by the quote from Thomas Alva
Edison who exerted much effort to bring natural forces under control
in order to employ them in a practical manner in favor of the mankind.
„I live only when I create. When I don’t, I only am surviving.“
The idea to start publishing the University scientific journal was conceived by the
Rector of the Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Associated Professor Juraj Wagner, Dr.h.c., PhD. and the Rector of the Izhevsk State Technical University, Professor
Ivan Vasiljevic Abramov, DrSc.
The first and second issues of the journal will be published with the financial support of the Slovak Ministry of Education on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the
Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín.
The main objective of the editorial board is to provide the readers with original
theoretical, empirical, practical, applicable articles that contribute to the progress of
natural and technical sciences, social and economic sciences as well as humanities.
Reviewed scientific papers by renowned academics and co-workers of the Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín and Izhevsk State Technical University of Izhevsk will
be published in the up-to-date scientific journal.
The faculties of both universities will guarantee the content focus of every single issue that will appear quarterly. Each issue will be monothematic in content, depending
on the primary research and scientific specialization of the respective faculty. In addition to scientific papers, there will also be reviews of scientific publications, the important events and anniversaries of both universities and significant scientific work of
academics. The journal will cover information on the awards granted to distinguished
scholars, the latest printed publications, information on the upcoming scientific symposiums, conferences and workshops.
The first issue titled Science and Research Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín
is guaranteed by the Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín. In the issue, the scientific and research specializations of the Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín and its
Faculties (Faculty of Mechatronics, Faculty of Industrial Technologies, Faculty of Social
– Economic Relations, Faculty of Nursing and the Institute of Natural Sciences and Humanities) are introduced. There is a list of the publications by the Alexander Dubček
University of Trenčín published in the first half of the year 2007 as well as the list of the
scientific conferences.
The upcoming issue titled Mechatronics and Quality of Production is guaranteed by
the Faculty of Mechatronics of the Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín. The issue
contains scientific papers provided by the Izhevsk State Technical University of Izhevsk
academics that accumulate the results of their long-time research work in the scientific
discipline of mechatronics. It will be published in the last quarter of 2007. In the issue,
the editorial board will announce the content focus for the issues to be published in
2008.
To conclude, I would like to express my gratitude to all who significantly contributed
to the publishing of this scientific journal. This journal will be a constant reminder of
the jubilant year 2007 - the 10th anniversary of the Alexander Dubček University of
Trenčín.
I am convinced that a new forum is now being established that will represent the
latest scientific and research results achieved by not only the scholars of both universities mentioned but also the academics of other eminent Slovak and foreign universities
wishing to cooperate.
In the name of the editorial board of the scientific University Journal, I would like to
express my thanks to the Faculty deans, director of the Institute and all the colleagues
who participated in the preparatory works of the first University Journal issue.
I wish all the academics who are concerned with the quality of the journal every
success in their scientific endeavors.
Prof. Ing. Rozmarína DUBOVSKÁ, M.Eng., DrSc.
Science Editor
rector´s preface
Dr.h.c. Assoc.prof. Ing. Juraj Wagner, PhD.
D
ear Friends, our University began its
life at a time of great change–the turn
of one century into another when each
exchanges its mission toward civilization.
The idea to establish our University was
not without opposition but we prevailed
and over the years we have established
ourselves as a reputable educational establishment. I am most pleased that after
many years the idea behind the University became a reality. The evidence will be
manifested on September 13, 2007 when
commemorates its tenth anniversary.
Over our decade of existence we have
grown from only an idea into a mid-range
sized educational organization, starting in
1997 on a green meadow with 720 students to an educational institution with
about 7 000 students. Let me elaborate
on some of our outstanding achievements: we established three technical
faculties – the Faculty of Special Technology, the Faculty of Mechatronics, and the
Faculty of Industrial Technologies.
In addition, we created the Faculty of
Social Economic Relations, the Faculty of
Health Care, the Institute of Natural Sciences and Humanities.
Over ten years we have granted 972
bachelor degrees, 2,887 master degrees
and have bestowed the doctoral degree
to 22 candidates.
We opened the „University of Third Generation“, a program for adults over 40
who want to access and enroll in university classes. Over the years 111 students
have gone through this special educational program.
I am pleased to add that we hear from
the entrepreneurial sector of the business
world about the quality of our students
and their respective degrees. If our students are an integral part of the practice
of the real work world in society, then we
are part of the future in a real way.
In 1997 we started our programs without accreditation; however, today there
are 50! At that time, there were no doctoral studies nor did we have the authority to appoint the academic rank of associate professor or professor. Today we
can authorize academic rank to faculty
and promote them accordingly. There are
more than 310 university teachers, 50 of
whom are professors and distinguished
professors, there are 50 associate professors, 58 hold the PhD. degree as well
as possess the Slovak terminal degree of
PhD. Our University has been successful
in receiving grants from national and international funding agencies and sources
which has placed our school among the
ranks of the top ten Slovak universities.
Our budget exceeds a quarter of a billion
Slovak crowns and the property we own
is assessed at 343 million Slovak crowns.
We have developed advanced IT systems,
a modern university library, computer
laboratories, and Internet labs. In addition to these advancements, we utilize
e-learning technologies, students’ access
nobilities and we host international students. I am especially proud of the fact
that over the past five years we have established a campus at the Faculty of Industrial Technologies and at the Faculty
of Mechatronics. Furthermore, at the
Faculty of Special Technology we have
developed some heavy metallurgy laboratories. Moreover, the Faculty of Social
Economic Relations has moved to a newly
reconstructed facility.
Given our role in the region and our goals
as an educational institution, it is important to know the directions in which we
need to go to get to 2013 to become a
prestigious European University. To accomplish this level of educational quality
and distinction, we must look to the automotive industry, to modern materials and
technologies, process simulations and
modeling as well as to the development
of human resources and the issue of public administration.
I’m wishing our new scientific journal
success on its voyage.
We have the foremost distinction of
being one of the Slovak Universities that
signed the Magna Carta Universitatum
at our friendship and partnership educational institution, the University of Bologna. Because they have supported and
assisted us over the last ten years since
our establishment, we are ever grateful.
has become a member of the European
Universities Association and is a member
of the Danube Rectors Conference.
Our future is bright but not without
challenges. For example, we must forge
ahead to establish our university as an integrated scientific and educational institution with strong research centers connected to industries and rational control
systems. We have already developed a
prototype of a modern research center at
our University–Vitrum Laugaricio Center
of Glass Competence. This research center collaborates with the Slovak Academy
of Science and the Slovak company RONA
in Lednicke Rovne. We are also in the
process of establishing a center of electronic beam utilization.
Ten Years of Science and Research at Alexander
Dubček University of Trenčín
Prof. Juraj Slabeycius, PhD.
Abstract
The paper gives a brief review of history and basic information on scientific and research activities at Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín.
B
esides for teaching and training, scientific and research activities belong to
the main objectives and mission of universities. Due to this fact shortly afterwards
when the ADUT was established (till the
year 2002 the university existed under the
name the University of Trenčín), the University Management started to develop
the conception of scientific and research
activities of the university for the period
from the beginning till the year 2002. The
Document was approved by the Scientific
Board of ADUT in the year 1999. The members of the Board accepted the necessity
of the University-wide and integrated
conception of the scientific and research
activities of the university and from this
point of view they supported the idea of
developing university workplaces like the
Chemical Laboratory for Glass Research
joining activities of the Slovak Academy
Institute UACH SAV and the university.
Later on the joint-stock company RONA
a.s. in Lednicke Rovne joined this activity
and the laboratory was re-named VILA.
Successful university education in all
study programmes strongly depends on
by the development and promotion of
scientific and research activities of the
university. ADUT has promoted its study
programmes and strengthened its research programme. The base of science
and research at ADUT is the ”Long-term
plan for the years 2007-2013” approved
by the Scientific Board at ADUT in 2006
and other documents of policy on science,
technology and especially the “National
Strategic Reference Frame of the Slovak
Republic for the years 2007-2013” and its
operational programmes.
The Scientific Board of ADUT has approved as the research priority the applied research for automotive industry.
From this point of view the University
shall establish a Centre of research comprising four scientific-research divisions
focusing on:
research in the field of ferrous and
non-ferrous materials
research in the field of mechatronic
systems, design and simulations
innovation, quality, standardization
and certification
personnel management, career advising and human resources.
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Based on this programme, faculties at
ADUT have specified their priorities of science and research.
Research programmes at the Faculty
of Industrial Technologies (FIT) in Puchov
are focusing on basic and applied research
mainly in the field of ferrous and non-ferrous materials used in the automotive industry. The research activities are carried
out by the Institute of material and technological research founded at the Faculty in 2006. The Institute in Puchov shall
enhance and promote the knowledge
gained in the field of research of physical
and technological properties of glass and
ceramic materials, polymeric materials
and rubber, textile fibres and materials,
composite materials, ferrous and nonferrous metals and alloys, coating paints
and polish. Acoustic, optical and thermal
methods of non-destructive material and
products control shall be developed.
In the forthcoming years the managerial activities in the field of science at
the faculty FIT in Puchov shall be directed
towards getting grants mainly from European funds. The number of research
workers, students and doctoral students
involved in the exchange programme shall
increase.
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The research programme involves:
research in properties of new polymeric materials and rubber including
the preparation technology;
examination of properties and exploitation of metal alloys used in automotive industry;
diagnostics and non-destructive quality control of materials and parts;
optimizing the tyre properties from
the point of view of their lifetime and
reliability, energy consumption and
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environmental protection during the
production process;
use of technical textile materials and
fibres in the automotive industry;
ceramic materials and composites
used in the automotive industry;
computer aided industrial design in automotive industry and the use of SW;
technical coating paints and polish and
paints used for cars;
computer aided simulation of dynamic
and static processes;
social and economic aspects of material engineering;
systemization of synergic processes in
the manufacture.
The main goal of the faculty FIT, of the
joint-stock company Matador a.s. Púchov
and of some other Slovak companies is to
transform the existing Institute into a top
research institute operating in the material and technological research that can
gain the reputation for excellence. The
Slovak Academy of Sciences plans join this
project.
The academic staff at the Faculty of
Special Technology is involved in activities on basic and applied research and experimental development at local, regional
and national levels.
Close relations between the teaching
staff and the field of science, research
and development are very important especially at the second and third levels of
university study programmes. Benefits
and profit made in the field of research
shall be used in co-funding the faculty. At
present research activities of the Faculty
focus on:
research and development of ferrous
materials for automotive industry;
research within the manufacture of
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cast made of light alloys used in automotive industry;
research in technological heritage of
treated surfaces;
research in thin walled rings and their
application in antifriction bearings
for automotive industry, large-sized
bearings, harmonic gear etc.
research in tribology of technological
processes;
research in life time and reliability of
manufacturing technology;
CAD and CAM focused on designing
and the technology RAPID PROTOTYPING;
Research in non-traditional technologies employed in automotive industry;
Research in secondary reinforcing
highly tough materials;
Research in reinforcing steel plates;
Research in re-crystallisation of α
brass.
The Faculty of Social and Economic Relations focuses its research activities into
sustainable development in the Slovak
Republic during the process of globalization. The following topics are involved:
world-wide economy and international relations – the relations of Slovakia
and Russian Federation, raw materials policy and trade with the Russian
Federation, economy and trade policy
within the EU, public liability of companies;
integrated regional development – examination of processes in the economic, social and political systems, technical and social infrastructure in regions,
regional strategy of innovation, municipality as social-economic system,
transformation system and structural
changes in regions, environmental pillar of sustainable development and
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its integration in sustainable development;
identification, system analysis of ecosystems in municipal, rural areas, developing information systems applied
in sustainable development, modelling
a totally human ecosystem, information system development;
monitoring, developing indicators of
the environmental pillar, a perspective
development of integrated models in
sustainable development for the local
Agenda, development and management of information systems;
human resources development – career counselling for secondary upper
and elementary school students in the
Trenčín region, for ADUT students, research in demand at the market in the
Trenčín region, employers´ requirements versus students´ preferences,
development of human resources
and of personnel management in the
automotive industry, career counselling, qualification structure of people
employed in public administration and
local and regional governments in the
Trenčín region;
standard equipment in health-care
bodies in the Trenčín region, suggestions for public administration and local governments;
optimization of area and administration division , transformation of public administration, community reform,
a model of an active community reform;
The Institute of Natural Science and Humanities – its research activities are directed towards the glass research that is
carried out in the laboratory of VILA and
they are comprising following fields:
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relations between the composition,
structure and properties of glass, especially oxide or siliceous glass;
thermo dynamic and molecule dynamic modelling the structure and properties of glass and glass forming melts;
research in kinetics by means of liquid
media
measuring electric and impedance
glass characteristics and glass forming
melts at high temperatures;
direct observing processes in glass
forming melts especially processes of
glass stem melting;
high-temperature UV-VIS spectroscopy of glass and glass forming melts;
observing relations between compounds, structure and properties of
amorphe phases in the limits of grain
in polycrystall ceramic materials and
their influence on microstructure and
properties (mechanic, electric, etc.);
examining the influence of ingredients on developing microstructure in
semi-crystal oxide ceramics (especially
Al2O3) while applying methods of high
temperature impendence spectroscopy combined with methods of electron
microscopy;
influence of residual fluctuating micro voltage on mechanic properties
of ceramic materials while employing methodology of photo illumiscent
spectroscopy ;
corrosion resistance of ceramic materials;
flame synthesis of glass micro balls of
specific composition
preparation of ceramic nanocomposites;
development of new materials for
electronic industry, examining their
physical properties including electric
and magnetic ones;
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developing structures of sensors of
high magnetic resistance (GMR) on the
base of multi layers (ML) with antiferromagnetic composition;
preparation of model structures while
employing lithography, wet and dry
etching;
examining the layout of a magnetic
field in multi-layer GMR structures and
their influence on sensor signalling;
research in sports activities in the Slovak population especially in ADUT students and employees;
IT involvement in the teaching process, IT in language and Mathematics
teaching.
The Faculty of Mechatronics while developing its own strategies of development,
science and research, has directed its priority towards the chief pillars in the field
of mechatronics – production quality and
metrology, mechanics, electronics and informatics. The main areas of the faculty
research cover:
properties of kinetic and drive structures of mobile robotic systems – driving and walking ones;
properties of moving structures - systems of a snake-like movement
properties of controlling structures
in mobile robotic systems especially
from the point of view of movement
trajectory optimization and avoiding
errors;
energy transformation and utilization
– employing renewable resources;
properties of electric-mechanic articles for mechatronics, while employing
the principle of magnetic levitation;
methods of designing, modelling and
controlling mechatronic systems – especially machines employed in industrial production;
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electro-magnetic fields in cars from
the point of view of EMC;
numeric analysis of properties of
microactuators and their kinematic
structures;
sensors based on interactions in the
electric-magnetic field and magnetic
strictional effects;
wireless sensor system and sensor
network;
connecting computer network and
parallel computer systems;
research in the field of complex quality management, reliability and safety
of technical systems, environmental
management, kcomplex metrology,
modelling and stimulating innovation
processes and quality identification by
means of digital technologies.
The strategy of developing scientific and
research activities of the faculty is based
on real situation the faulty has. The situation and possibilities of the faculty are
limited by the technical and laboratory
equipment and by the number of laboratories, by the personnel and their knowledge and experience in the field of study.
International contacts and access to the
literature that the personnel have plays a
very important role in this issue.
Taking into account the requirements
of the Trenčín region industries and the
development of the automotive industry
in the region, the Faculty of Mechatronics at ADUT is focusing on the applied research for the automotive industry. The
faculty management intends to establish
a centre of university research in this
field.
Within last ten years some Alexander
Dubček University of Trenčín teachers
have achieved outstanding success ap-
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preciated by the scientific national and
international community. The most successful is the chemical laboratory VILA
achievement. The results of this laboratory have been published in many scientific
journals and present remarkable achievement in the field of applied research.
The VILA team developed a new type of
crystal glass that does not contain the
toxic barium oxide that was replaced by a
mixture of other oxides of high refractive
index. The result of the VILA research is
protected by the industrial sample.
Another important research workplace
is the Faculty of Industrial Technologies
focusing its applied research on non-ferrous materials. Upon the request of the
company Matador Puchov they have developed the CTPA 05 – Complex ThermalPressure Analyser. The analyser can test
parts of tyres while being mounted on the
car and it is measuring the inner temperature and pressure in a usual or sports tyre
simultaneously. At the same time all four
tyres can be tested in real time. The system of sensors are made by well-known
producers. Besides the measuring system
CTPA 05 can measure the temperature
outside the tyre on the front driven tyres
in three points appointed by the person
responsible for the experiment. Establishment of this testing laboratory has
brought an award for the research team
headed by Professor Mr. Koštial granted
by the Slovak Ministry of Education.
In 2001 Professor Vendelin Macho was
honoured by title “Scientist of the year
2000”. Mr. Macho got his title for his scientific and technical work in the field of
chemistry and chemical technologies. He
is a proud owner of more than 400 patents, author of certificates and industrial
patterns.
The development and enhancing our research activities can be proved by the
fact, that in the year 1998 we had one national project, in 2002 the university was
involved in 11 national and 9 international
projects and in 2006 the ADUT teachers
participated in 41 national and 9 international projects.
To summarize, in the last ten years our
university was involved in more than 80
projects.
The research funds increased from
two millions SKK in 1998 to more than 13
millions in 2006.
At this point we must admit that we
are still behind the Slovak average in the
total share of grants. In the year 2006 our
university pedagogic output was 2.3 per
cent , the share of the research was 1.9
per cent in national grants and 3.06 per
cent in international grants.
Our University also participated in
projects supported by the agency APVV.
Within last two years we had been employed in following projects:
1. Research in ceramic materials used in
highly corrosive environment; Assoc.
prof. Galusek, Institute of Natural Sciences and Humanities
2. Optimization of melting glass EUTAL;
professor Liska, Institute of Natural
Sciences and Humanities
3. Nanocomposite hybrid dispersion:
preparation and common properties;
Researcher: professor Capek, FIT
1. Making science and research more
popular – Summer Course of Mehatronics and Mechatronic Clubs activities offered for elementary and
secondary school pupils and students;
Assoc. professor Maga, FM
Another issue that can support and prove
the activities on research and science are
papers published in various scientific journals and conference. The graph depicts
the number of scientific monographs, university course books that were published
by ADUT teachers.
We strongly believe that science and
research at ADUT will be keeping on its
course and be flourishing in the forth-
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coming decade. Research results at the
university will promote the university
competitiveness and the competitiveness
of Slovak industries. At the same time it
can promote the education of young scientists who can successfully find their
jobs in Slovak industries.
And what direction shall the university research take at Alexander Dubček
University of Trenčín? First of all it must
be directed towards international collaboration and joining power in large research centres. Only a strong research
centre equipped by latest technology and
achieving good research results can be
competitive in a tough international competitive environment. And this is the path
our university should go.
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Faculty of Mechatronics and its Role in Recent
Research and Science
Assoc. prof. Ing. Dušan Maga, PhD., prof. Ing. Ivan Kneppo, DrSc., Ing. Ján Žabka
INTRODUCTION
Presumption of successful and high quality university education is a development
of research and development activities in
all areas covered by study programmes of
the faculty. According to this request, the
orientation of research and development
activities of Faculty of Mechatronics (FM)
(ADUT) is defined by realized study programmes, together with activities of professors and associated professors. These
are pointed to development of knowledge within the scientific areas covered
both by faculty study programmes and
by their relationships to other areas of
science. The factor of interdisciplinary is
very important especially in a case of mechatronics – a science discipline consisting of conjunction of at least other three
main disciplines.
The priorities of research and science
development at FM ADUT oriented on
essential disciplines of mechatronics, as
mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and electronics, computer technologies and control systems.
Main research and development activities
The main research and development
activities, supported by 5 departments
(dept. of Mechatronic Systems, dept. of
Cybernetics, dept. of Electrical Engineering, dept. of Computer technologies in-
cluding the division of Applied Mathematics and dept. of Metrology and Quality
Management) are focused on:
research and development of kinematical an driving structures of mobile robotic systems, rolling and stepping as
well,
research and development of unconventional dynamic structures as systems with creeping and caterpillar
movement,
research of robots control systems, especially from the viewpoint of optimal
motion trajectory and avoiding the
barriers,
research of structures for transformation and efficient use of renewable energy sources,
research and development of electromechanical actuators based on principles of electromagnetic levitation,
development of new methods of modeling and control of mechatronic systems, especially industrial manufacturing lines and appliances,
research of electromagnetic fields in
automobiles from viewpoint of EMC,
numerical analysis of microactuators
properties and theirs kinematic structures,
research of sensors and sensoric structures, especially those based on interactions in electromagnetic field and
magnetostriction effects,
research of wireless sensoric systems
and sensoric networks,
research of parallel computer systems
and switching of computer networks.
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The strategy of development in science
and research on FM ADUT is based on real
possibilities of faculty, limited by equipment of laboratories, laboratory rooms,
human sources and requirements of welldeveloped industrial partners, located
mostly in region of Trenčín. Considering
the actual needs of industry in region as
well as (but not only) in western part of
Slovak Republic, one of the most important activity in applied research is focused
on automobile industry. This activity is
also based on research and development
activities of Alexander Dubček University
of Trenčín, where a R&D centre focused
on mechatronics in automobile industry is
going to be built and operated.
One of the most important limits in
scientific activities of FM was the problems with insufficient quality and quantity of educated human sources – especially post-graduated students. This has
been changed in school year 2006/2007,
when the post-graduated study in study
programme Mechatronics has been accredited at FM ADUT.
Fig. 1 – View on laboratory of hydraulic systems
Science and research
projects
The research activities of FM ADUT are
mostly financed by domestic or EU grant
institutions, especially
supported by international grant institutions and organizations,
domestic grant institutions,
supported by institutional (university)
grant agency,
supported by R&D grant houses,
supported by industrial partners of
faculty.
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Recently (2007) the faculty is participating
on 9 project supported by international
grant institutions or foreign organizations. The most important of them are eg
Leonardo da Vinci (two pilot projects, one
mobility project), European Social Fund
projects, 6FP project.
15
In the same time, the faculty is a main
leader of 13 projects financed by domestic grant houses as KEGA, VEGA, APVV,
Ministry of Education of SR, etc.
The contents of these projects correspond to declared orientation of faculty
and are oriented at:
analysis of possibilities of e-learning in
education processes and distribution
of knowledge of parallel research,
research and realization of parallel
computer systems, useful in solution
and simulation of extreme difficult
tasks of science and technology,
projects typical for mechatronic approach – research and development
of systems fir cutting of materials, manipulating with semi-finished industrial
products in automobile tire industry,
research and development of industrial manipulators,
application of modern computer based
technologies into process of knowledge transfer into education processes. The aim of these technology is to
allow the students to access the latest
knowledge from theoretical bases of
mechatronics,
establishment of experimental base
for investigation of progressive miniature electromechanical components
and systems for mechatronic applications.
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Fig.2 – Lucas-Nülle mechatronic actuator and power
electronics stage
Projects supported by industrial partners
The faculty cooperates and leads more
than 10 applied projects supported by industrial partners of the faculty. The most
important partners are EVPÚ, a. s. Nová
Dubnica, PSL, a. s. Považská Bystrica, NES,
a. s. Nová Dubnica, RMC, s. r. o. Nová
Dubnica, VRM Trenčín, Konštrukta Industry Trenčín, VIPO Partizánske, Siemens
Bratislava (especially division Automation
and Drives), Volkswagen Bratislava.
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Fig.3 – One stand in Siemens control systems laboratory
Expert’s reports
The specialists of FM ADUT are continuously working on expert’s reports for
domestic and foreign institutions. Usu-
16
ally, the order parties are grant agencies
(entrance, running or final reports), universities (opponencies for post graduated
studies, habilitation and inauguration
procedures), industrial partners (opponencies for industrial products) or state
supported authorities (eg. Accreditation
Committee of Slovak Government, Ministry of Education).
International cooperation
Fig. 5 – The cross-section of “Megatorque” step motor
Publication activities
The most important foreign partners of
FM ADUT are (according to international
projects) Technical University of Delft,
The Netherlands, University of Defence
Brno, Czech Republic, European Polytechnical Institute Kunovice, Czech Republic,
Faculty of Mechatronics and Interdisciplinary Studies Liberec, Czech Republic,
State Technical University of Izhevsk, Russian Federation.
As the financial support received from
government is more and more depended
on quantitative output indicators, as eg.
quantity and quality of publication activities, the internal rules of faculty are systematically supporting these factors.
The faculty, together with University of
Defence, Faculty of Military Technologies,
Brno, is organizing the international conference Advances in Mechatronics. Other important conference, International
conference “Mechatronika”, is organized
every year together with STU Bratislava in
Trenčianske Teplice, a small and beautiful
spa town near by Trenčín.
The publications are mostly papers in
European and world congress and conference proceedings, papers in domestic and international journals, scientific
monografies and schoolbooks.
Fig. 4 – View on linear machinery in electromechanical
actuators laboratory
17
The quantity of publication (source:
www.kniznica.tnuni.sk) activities in last
few years can be seen in following table
(table 1).
Fig. 6 – Construction of intelligent railway system
(53 m2)
Table 1 – Number of publication outputs.
Year
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007*
Nr. of outputs:
115
87
92
184
101
* Until July 2007
Main outputs of R&D activities
The basic outputs of research, science and
development activities are as follows:
establishment of web laboratory of
electromechanical actuators,
development of bearingless high speed
electromechanical actuator,
optimization of low speed high torque
step motor,
design, optimization and realization
the electrical equipment of dieselelectrical traction,
increase of availability, quality and extension of information from the viewpoint of making the technical study
more attractive for potentional students,
intensification and higher efficiency of
new skills and knowledge from scope
of computer and communication technologies.
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Future plans
search and development of science of
faculty itself, as well as on Alexander
Dubček University of Trenčín. The bases
of conceptional development focused on
bases of mechatronics, are mechanics,
electrical engineering and electronics and
computer technologies. The basic tasks
for the future are as follows:
to continue in evaluation procedures
of university researchers and research
teams,
systematical increase in activities
pointed to obtaining the grant supports, especially from international
(EU) funds,
innovation of experimental base of
faculty, with special attention to close
specification of faculty,
development to close and informal
cooperation with other subjects, common applying for projects and grant
supports,
motivation of post-graduate students
to fast and efficient study,
establishment of research center focused on Mechatronics.
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The future plans of FM ADUT within the
area of science and development are
based on long-time conception of re-
References
1. Report on state of Scientific research.
Internal material of Scientific Council of FM ADUT
2. Long-time plan of development of ADUT
3. Long-time plan of development of FM ADUT
4. Accreditation files of FM ADUT
18
Trends of science, research and university education development at the Faculty of Industrial
Technologies in Púchov
Prof. RNDr. Pavol Koštial, PhD.
E
stablishing the Faculty of Industrial
Technologies in Púchov has stemmed
from the growing demand for qualified
experts with wider profiles for the dynamically developing rubber, textile and
glass industries.
Matador a. s. Púchov and other companies of the region, which have successfully entered markets abroad, lack
experts able to solve ecological aspects
of production, reduction of raw materials
and energies consumptions, using domestic raw materials, improving the quality of
products.
The basic impulse for establishing the
Faculty has its origin in the expected economic development of Slovakia in the
third millenium, as well as in the development of the world economy.
To keep this trend, one needs to plan,
do projects, implement, manage integrated production and logistics systems,
and make all of these highly reliable. The
systems are to integrate people, information, technological equipment and processes, materials and energy in the whole
life-cycle of a product.
Engineers are required to have good
knowledge of the individual subsystems´
functions of a production company, and to
be able to organize and manage projects.
This trend is not being an end in itself,
it is a life necessity conditionned on one
hand by the educational activities in the
area being damped down in our country
19
in the past, on the other hand there are
growing demands of industries for ´more
universal´ engineers, able to adapt better
to the changing conditions. Not only are
the engineers supposed to have acquired
theoretical apparatus of better quality,
but also the latest knowledge of planning
and operation of industrial enterprises.
The above indicated trend has clearly
shown that Slovak enterprises, too, if they
want to compete permanently on the advanced western markets, they will have to
apply modern technological approaches,
motivate their staff efficiently, mimimalize all sorts of losses, organize production, logistics, marketigh, ecologization
and other enterprise activities better.
The first immediate impuls to establish the Facutly of Industrial Technologies
came after the Czechoslovak Federation
had split, when there was a vacuum in
preparing experts for rubber, textile and
glass industries.
The university-educated experts for
the problematics were then being prepared at the Technological Faculty in Zlín,
at VUT Brno, the Engineering and Textile
College in Liberec.
In spite of a 20-year close cooperation
between Matador a. s. Púchov, STU CHTF
Bratislava (the STU Detached worksite
for daily studies) and EU Bratislava (the
Consultation Centre for correspondence
studies), there still remains an absence
of highly qualified workforce in the field
of rubber, textile and glass technologies,
as well as the development of research
and management of the production processes.
The top management of Matador a. s.
Púchov, namely its President, Ing. Štefan
Rosina, have clearly declared its interest
in establishing a faculty with the above
orientations.
Approximately in 1995, a detached
worksite of the Engineering Faculty of
VŠDS in Žilina (current University of Žilina)
started being prepared in an intensive
way. In 1996 the organizational works focused on establishing the new faculty.
The Faculty of Industrial Technologies
(FIT) was established on September 10
1996 by Rector of VŠDS in Žilina, on the
basis of the decision of the Academic Senate of VŠDS in Žilina.
At its beginnings, the Educational Institute at Matador a. s. Púchov and the
management of the EU Bratislava Detached worksite, based in Púchov, both
contributed remarkably to the operation
of the FIT. The town and regional authorities of Púchov have been supporting the
FIT since its very beginnings, too.
The Faculty started its activities in a
decent area. Its reconstruction and equipment in the value of over 100 million SKK
were fully financed by Matador a. s. Púchov.
By the decision of the AS of University
of Žilina in Žilina, the Faculty was cancelled
on July 1, 1997, and at the same time it was
delimitated under University of Trenčín in
Trenčín. Since December 1, 1997 the Detached worksite in Ružomberok, focusing
on educating experts in the area of textile
at the level of baccalaureate studies, has
been part of the FIT.
With its orientation, the Faculty has complemented the profile of University of
Trenčín in Trenčín, which focuses on the
development of interdiscipline technical
studies.
The Faculty has been broadening its
profile especially in the area of non-metal
materials technologies. Great emphasis
has been put also on teaching information technologies and quality language
preparation of the graduates. Without
the knowledge, they would not be able to
make themselves successful on the labour
market in future.
In relation to the existing research and
pedagogical capacities of Slovak technical
university institutions, the Faculty has not
been competitive and vice versa, it is expected there will be development of departments and branches focusing mainly
on the technologies of non-metal materials.
Research activities of the Faculty´s
pedagogs and researchers, diploma and
doctoral papers, have been and will be,
except the basic research, concentrating
mainly on solving particular problems
connected with the production and research of Matador a. s. Púchov and other
companies of the region.This approach
will contribute to shortening the time of
transferring the latest scientific and technical knowledge into practice.
At the same time graduates will be
able to adapt much faster after they have
taken up a job.
Last but not least, the Faculty, with
regards to its dislocation in the complex
of Matador a. s. Púchov, and interconnection of research and pedagogical activities, will become compatible with the
20
education models of western Europe
universities, where the interconnection
between especially technical universities
and industries has been very common.
After its 10-year existence, the Faculty of Industrial Technologies belongs
to middle-sized faculties in Slovakia. We
have more than 700 students. We prepare young experts in the study branch
of materials at all of the three levels of
universtiy education. In this field, we also
have been accredited to the baccalaureate study program textile technology and
design, which are carried out by our worksite in Ružomberok – the Department
of Industrial Design. In two other fields
– anorganic technology and materials and
technology of macromolecular substances
– we have been accredited doctoral study
programs. In the field of materials we are
qualified to carry out also second doctorate dealings, and to appoint professors.
An important step towards the needs
of practice is also accrediting the study
branch of applied mechanics, which is
to provide preparation of technicians of
good quality. These are supposed not only
to have mastered the rubber and plastic
production technologies but, more importantly, also to be able to develop and
construct independently products of the
production program automotive, as well
as tyres for the highest speeds, tyres for
special purposes, provide their production and diagnoze construction sub-sets
and sets. This study program are again required by industrial practice, especially in
accordance with the development of car
industry.
By the study programs listed above we
offer the university study candidates a wide
area of education, which will enable them
to apply in real life. To make the young
21
engineers meet the practice demands,
we have been cooperating very closely on
designing the study programs with several enterprises – namely Matador a. s. Púchov, Makyta in Púchov, RONA-Krystal in
Lednické Rovne, Texcom in Ružomberok.
Under the iniciative of the Matador
enterprise´s management, the educational EDUCATION Project emerged. Its
goal is to shorten the adapting process of
our graduates – future employees of the
enterprises, by which they will be able
to join the production and management
processes in practice more quickly.
Although we keep emphasising the
connection to the production practice, it
is necessary to point out the importance
of research and development activities of
the Faculty employees. Every year these
result in a number of projects within the
framework of the grant system of the Ministry of Education of the SR, the EU educational programs, but mainly successful
solving of the research and development
tasks appointed by the enterprises. This
reflects in rich publishing activities – technical articles published not only in local
but also foreign periodicals – and in active
participation at conferences; we actually
have hundreds of records of these a year.
These activities are tied up with the pedagogical process because also the students
in the course of their studies, as well as
by their diploma and dissertation papers
participate in projects, therefore the participate in research activities.
The third level of university education
– doctoral studies – is, from the point of
view of the Faculty´s size and lenght of existence, important, because 69 students
(8 of them have successfully presented
their dissertation papers this year, 3 others are to do so in short time) do require
being managed proficiently in all ways.
This study level is also one of the essential
parts of the scientific activities of the Faculty. Here the research-pedagogical staff
concentrate on solving tasks in:
the area of anorganic materials:
reseraching the relations between the
qualities of anorganic materials, and
their structure (chemical resistance,
optical qualities, redox state ...)
developing new kinds of glass according to the demands of practice
research in the area of sol-gel methods
(layers, composites, katalysis...)
application of anorganic materials
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the area of macromolecular materials:
developing rubber mixtures according
to the requirements of practice (forming and modifying rubber mixtures,
applying active fillings, new vulcanizing systems,...)
developing new procedures of preparing polymers, fluid india-rubbers and
elastomers on a non-traditional material basis, and applying these in practice
developing chemical and physical
modifications of nature and synthetic
macromolecular materials (especially
fibre-creating polymers)
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the area of material engineering:
studying the applications of wavemethods when evaluating the qualities
of metal and non-metal materials and
the products made of them (applying
the methods using ultrasound and holographic methods)
studying and evaluating mechanical
qualities of rubber mixtures (flexibility
moduls, thermic and electrical conductivity,...)
developing methods to evaluate selected fatigue qualities of non-metal
materials (as a priority the questions
of initiation and growth of fatigue
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cracks in rubber mixtures for tyre production, and questions of the external
factors influencing the process)
applying the final elements methods
to solve tension-deforming states of
real matters, to evaluate temperature
fields, to define the matters´ durability
evaluating macro- and microstructure
of representative materials of composite character (with focus on elastomers
with metal cord)
evaluating mechanical qualities and
material characteristics of materials
(with the main focus on rubber, glass,
textile but also steel, Cu alloys and
other materials)
As we can see, it is a wide material area of
research which requires both – scientific
knowledge of people (which the Faculty
has at disposal), as well as perfect material and apparatus equipment (which are
being built gradually).
We are aware of the fact that success
is possible to achieve only in cooperation
with other faculties and universities. That
is why we started, in the course of our existence, cooperation with several material-oriented faculties in Slovakia, and with
more than 15 faculties abroad. Thus also
foreing experts are getting to know us.
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The above brief introduction of the
Faculty of Industrial Technologies ADUT
based in Púchov has an ambition of providing a picture, so to speak, of it, and
concluding that the successes the Faculty
has achieved so far in the area of education and scientific research have put this
scientific and educational institution into
an important position within the academic public of Slovakia.
For more details please visit the webpage www.fpt.tnuni.sk (see Faculty of Industrial Technologies.
22
F
aculty of Social and Economic Relations
at the Alexander Dubček University of
Trenčín is one of the faculties having been
established by the set up of the University
of Trenčín. It was established according to
the law - the Act of 155/19997 of May the
15, 1997. The Faculty’s origin was wedded
to growing need of education development in the social, economic and personnel fields in terms of dynamic changes
going on in the social and transformational processes. From the year of 1997
the Faculty has been developed gradually
and has become the major faculty of the
University of Trenčín. During the 10 years
existence the Faculty’s door have left 596
students with Bachelor (Bc.) and 1394
students with Master degrees (Ing.). In
the school year of 2006/2007 2943 students (1526 in the present and 1417 in
the distance form of study) studied at the
Faculty that made 46 % share of overall
number of students of the Alexander
Dubček University in Trenčín.
(Source: The Annual Report of ADUT of 2006)
Within the new trends in the university
education the Faculty of Social and Economic Relations highlights the connection
of science-research and education-pedagogical activities mainly focused on the
knowledge economics. In the education
process the subjects creating the graduate profile are being implemented. The
matter of great concern of the Faculty is
the professional language preparation
of the students and university teachers.
23
It has become a routine practise to give
lectures in English, German and Russian
languages. Within the Trenčín region the
has become an important stakeholder in
terms of developing and stimulating the
educational potential in the region. In addition it is the relevant science-research
and education-pedagogical partner for
domestic and foreign institutions.
The part of the Faculty of Social and Economic Relations forming process was the
gradual creation of professional departments (graph no.1). The Faculty consists
of departments such as: Dept.of Public
administration, Dept. of Human development and personnel management, Dept
of Micro/Macro-economics, and Dept of
Management. On the coordinated basis
the particular departments are in charge
of the pedagogical process and by means
of wide publication and science-research
activities are the core to supply the university teaching of the accredited study
programs – Public administration and Human resources and personnel management. In the school year of 2006/2007 the
12 professors, 10 associated professors,
17 lecturers with PhD. degree, 26 lecturers (21 are PhD. post gradual students at
distance form) and 1 instructor.
The Dept. of Public Administration is
the supporting department at the Faculty
of Social and Economic Relations. Within
the lectures of prominent professionals
such as prof. J. Benčo, PhD., Assoc.prof. J.
Kútik. PhD., academician A. Blažej, DrSc.,
prof. H. Hilbert, PhD. and other members
and allows the students to acquire and
deepen the knowledge and abilities of
economic, social and humanistic sciences as a complex. By means of obtained
knowledge it helps analyze and synthesize
the ongoing social processes in terms of
state and public administration at governmental and regional levels focusing on the
economy and environment of the regions
and municipalities. It allows the students
to acquire the complex knowledge within
the public administration process as well
as the ongoing processes in education,
health care, culture, social insurance and
physical culture. The issue is a complex
and yet not having been explored sector in the economics and social life still
more and more important and distinctive
in terms of deepening the democracy in
society. It is becoming the economic base
of plurality democracy. The departments’
workers are involved in the various international and domestic research activities
focused on ecology and their linking to
the forming of the society development
in the Slovak Republic.
The work at the Dept. of Human Development and Personnel Management is
focused on theoretical and practical skills
of management and human resources development, personnel processes and activities. The core of the research and pedagogical activities leading by professionals
such as Assoc.prof. S. Vojtovič, DrSc, Dr.
E. Živčicová and others is the widening
and deepening of theoretical and practical knowledge from the field of human
resources and personnel management
and their application into the particular
education process. that during the study
student will acquire the qualification as
manager in the field of human resources
development and other personnel activities. The tool to follow this department’s
goal is the set of logically forming study
subjects, lectures, seminars, workshops,
examinations and the timing schedule of
their execution. The departments’ workers are involved in great deal of international and domestic research activities.
The profile of the Dept of Micro/
Macro-Economics has been developed
to undertake the teaching of basic economic leading subjects. The delineation
is the macroeconomic issues presented
by subjects as follows: economic theories,
macroeconomics, economy policy, taxing,
public finance, assurance policy, social
24
and economic strategy and development,
macroeconomic analysis, decision making
processes and EU economy policy. Microeconomic issues are presented in subjects such as microeconomics, corporate
finances, economics of small and medium
sized enterprises, business projecting
management and business venture. The
third pillar consists of subjects such as
statistics, economic statistics and demography. There are solved many research
activities leading by professionals such
as prof. M. Baránik, PhD., ing. J. Habánik,
PhD. Ing. D. Bánoci, PhD. and others. By
Ing. K. Adámkova’s leading the department along with others departments is
undertaking the annual contest of Students’ professional activities – this year
the 8th round along with its 5th international round took place.
The Department of Management is
in charge of management and economic
subjects mainly at the Faculty of Social
and Economic Relations as well as other
University faculties. The pedagogical process conducted by the professionals such
as prof. J. Alexy, PhD., Assoc.prof. I. Prno,
PhD., Assoc.prof. M. Mečár, PhD., ing. N.
Baculíková, CSc and so on, is focused on
training of management workers in the
field of public administration, human
resources and personnel management.
By means of modeling and simulation of
practical problems along with the use of
up-to-date information technology the
graduate will acquire the ability to solve
not only the theoretic but also practical
problems of economy practise. The research tasks on the field of industry policy
and social corporate responsibility issues
are solved at the department.
The main task of the Faculty and teaching staff is to execute the educational activity process for the students and give
25
them the latest knowledge. As a first and
the one and only Faculty in the Slovak Republic it started executing the study programs in the specialization of Human Resources and Personnel Management. The
study program Human Resources and
Personnel Management is determined
for the first and second level of the university study in the specialization of Human Resources and Personnel Management and its duration takes 10 semesters.
It includes theoretical knowledge of economic, law, social and humanistic studies
in terms of reproduction regularities and
human potential development, particular
human being, his/her creativity and abilities. The main highlight is the scientific
approach towards the human resources
development coming out of knowledge
of organization behavior and particular
management having inter-disciplinary
character. The Human resources management deals with human potential forming
by the creation and development of personal activity as a system including preparation, recruitment, selection, exploiting,
motivation, qualification promotion, dismissing of employees. It provides practical guide how to manage people; it means
how to manage teams, groups of people
and individuals. The study program profile includes theoretical knowledge of psychology, sociology of behavioral studies in
social groups, working groups, economic,
state, municipal, administration and nongovernmental organizations, knowledge
from the area of personal/labor studies,
legal knowledge, economic sociology,
psychology and management sociology,
followed by personal psychology, social
psychology, informatics, and basic principals of theory of organization. The human
resources management is understood as
a valuable source of investment in order
to achieve higher economic effects. The
issue is to form the knowledge oriented
economy along with the sophisticated effect enforcing.
The Public administration study program is aimed at the first bachelor level of
the university study in the study specialization of the Public administration and
regional development. At the first level of
the university bachelor study the duration
is the 6 semesters (3 years). The study in
the “Public Administration” field of study
makes possible to acquire and develop
the knowledge and abilities of economic,
social and humanistic studies as a complex allowing to analyze, synthesize and
manage social processes taking place in
the public administration field focusing on
the economy of rural and urban environment and self-government regions. The
economic base of these processes consist
of public economics, economy of nonprofit sector, management and economics of public administration and processes
in public finance. The important part of
the public administration are processes in
education, helth care, culture, social security and physical culture. The issue is a
complex and yet not having been explored
sector in the economics and social life still
more and more important and disinctive
in terms of deepening the democracy in
society. It is becoming the economic base
of plurality democracy.
At present time the educational proces at the Faculty of Social and Economic
Relations is executed in present and distance forms (types) of study in both study
programes. For distance forms of study
there are open subsidiaries in Nove Zámky, Nova Bana a Prievidza. Faculty of Social and Economic Relations conducts the
law, social, environmental disciplines and
sustainable development at the university
level. The lectures of particular disciplines
are conducted by professors, associated
professors (PhD. lecturers preparing for
the ass. prof. degree are exceptions). The
teaching staff is involved in the teaching
process at the “University of the Third
Age”. The e-learning education programs
for application of distance and individual
study forms are being developed. Instead
of traditional workshops the trainings are
taking place in PC laboratories more often
and the practical trainings in companies
and public administration are being implemented.
The Faculty of Social and Economic Relations meets the requirements that will
help establish the Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín as a university aimed at
the sector of science and research. The
scientific and research activity makes an
important part of professional profile of
scientific and pedagogic staff of the Faculty. The stage of development of scientific and research activity at the Faculty of
Social and Economic Relations mainly reflects the situation in the area of gaining
the domestic and international projects
(see chart 1). They are the significant
source of financial sources aimed at the
faculty development and improvement of
teaching and pedagogic activities. According to the flow and number of assigned
and solved scientific and research tasks in
the last few years, it can be stayed that
not only their number has been increased
but also their qualitative structure has
been changed. Each year the faculty has
been assigned by bigger number of scientific and research projects based on
the principles of ideas competitions and
developing the creativity of Faculty peda-
26
Chart. 1. Science and research tasks and developing projects in particular years
No.:
Tasks and Projects/Years
2003
2004
2005
2006
1
International / foreign
2
2
2
3*
3»
2
Domestic (VEGA, KEGA, APVV, etc.)
2
3
11
13
1*
1»
3
CUGA (university)
2
5
1
1
4
Developing (from the EU funds)
-
2
4
4
3»
5
Sum
6
12
18
18
4
7»
* Tasks of which solving is in the process or starts in 2007.
» Task in the process of consideration and agreement.
gogic staff and directly affect the quality
of pedagogic process.
In the year of 2006 Departments of the
Faculty arranged 6 professional international conferences making up at the same
time the publications and presentations
of scientific and research tasks outputs
(317 articles published in domestic and international publications) by staff of each
particular department. In 2006 the members of the Faculty teaching staff issued
28 textbooks that significantly helped to
cover the particular subjects by their own
literature.
Good language knowledge of FSER students and exemplary attention of young
lectures such as Ing. N. Štefkováj, Ing.
M. Kordoš, PhD., Ing. P. Otrubčák a Ing.
K. Krajčo, has allowed the FSER students
within the international nobilities programs study at the foreign universities in
Italy, Spain, Poland, Great Britain and Germany. 11 foreign students from Lithuania,
Poland, Germany, Italy, Bulgaria studied
at the Faculty of Social and Economic Relations in the school year of 2006/2007.
From two students from the Russian Fed-
27
eration the one has accomplished her
studies at the FSER and will continue as a
PhD. student at the University of Economics in Bratislava.
The position and successful performance of the Faculty of Social and Economic Relations in the regional, national
as well as international scale is impossible
without effective support and cooperation with the partners from the area of
business practise. The Faculty successfully cooperates in the area of scientific and
research, pedagogic and development
projects with major Slovak business stakeholders such as KIA Slovakia, Konštrukta
Industry, Inc. Trenčín etc. The important
part of the scientific and research activities linking to practise is the collaboration
with representatives of municipal and regional authorities.
The important part of the Faculty of
Social and Economic Relations are The
Center of Complementary Education
leading by ing. K. Adámková and Project
and Information Center leading by Ing. T.
Hanulík.
The Center of Complementary Education
is focused on managing of preparatory
and intensive courses for entrance tests,
0. grade teaching process and courses
for public – Personnel management, and
courses for Tourism guides. Important
activity of the Center of Complementary
Education was the formulation of the
MBA Study program Teaching document
for the Accreditation committee and at
the present time the Center is in charge
of the MBA Study program.
The Project and Information Center
has been created gradually from the start
of the projects executions funding from
the EU Structural funds. The Center was
united by project teams members consisted of UAD full-time workers as well
as part-time workers. Progressively the
organization structure of the Center has
been developed and in November 2006
the Center was institutionalized and it
has been added to the FESR organization
structure as a single working unit. The
Project and Information Center is managed by the director appointed by the
Dean of FSER.
The Center consists of three departments:
“The Center of Carrier Consulting by
the FSER AUD” focused on the projects
in terms of carrier and job consulting,
“The Implementing Center of Information and Communication Technologies
by the FSER AUD” focused on the information and communication technologies, personal computers and programs of PC education – ECDL,
“Administrative and Financial Team”
being in charge of administrative and
financial support and coordination of
all activities.



The Faculty of Social and Economic Relations by means of the active assistance
of the Alexander Dubček University of
Trenčín management make an effort to
improve the room, material and technical equipment. The improving conditions
have a positive affect on science and education activities of the Faculty staff and
students. It is the case of PC equipment,
data projectors, overhead projectors,
laptops, copy machines, printers. By the
moving a part of the Faculty to the separate building C that was under reconstruction in 2007, the conditions for teaching
staff, students and the Faculty management have been improved a lot. Recently
the auditorium with the capacity of 220
seats has been put at the Faculty of Social
and Economic Relations disposal. Currently in the building C the Faculty of Social
and Economic Relations takes advantage
of 12 seminar rooms with capacity of 30
or 20 seats and one seminar room with
capacity of 60 seats. Within the seminar
rooms there have been set up up-to-date
classroom of communication skills and
elocution with the capacity of 20 seats
equipped with laptop for lecturer and
20 standard laptops, data projector, audio technique, printer, video camera and
E-beam board. In the B building two PC
laboratories equipped with standard stuff
are in use. On the building’s corridors are
installed the PC internet points and the
whole building is covered by the WIFI signal.
From the project of Social fund the
classroom has been furnished used for
the prequalification of unemployed people in the field of reconstruction of sights
of historical interest. Program is leading
by Ing. arch. Betáková, PhD.
28
29
Graph 1
Organization Structure of the Faculty of Social and Economic Relations (FSER) ADU
In the 10 years existence the Faculty of Social and Economic Relations has been integrated into the stable scientific and education institutes acting at the Alexander
Dubček University in Trenčín. By the outputs of scientific and education activities
the Faculty of Social and Economic Relations at the Alexander Dubček University
in Trenčín has been incorporated into the
prime and perspective workplaces within
the universities in the Slovak Republic.
30
condition and development of science and research at the faculty of special technology
prof. Ing. Bohumil Bátora, PhD.
I
n accordance with the primary purpose of Alexander Dubček University
of Trenčín (ADUT) in Trenčín to become
scientific and research university as well
as still increasing importance of science
and research as the financial resource,
scientific and research work has met the
concrete needs of research required by
the Long-Term Plan of Faculty of Special
Technology.
Nowadays, the faculty focuses on design and technological preparation of production, repair service systems for military technology, complex maintenance of
vehicles used in the Armed Forces of the
Slovak Republic, light industry, especially
designing offices as well as on the field
of production and efficient utilization of
equipment and machines in production
plants. Although current orientation to
the fields mentioned above is significant
it seems to be necessary to upgrade to
another fields. While improving present
fields the faculty should take into account
current state of art, perspective needs
and trends in the field of engineering and
related fields such as special engineering
technology, production engineering in
light industry and production engineering
in automotive industry.
Scientific and research work at the
Faculty of Special Technology (FST) can be
divided to the following fields:

31
solution of research grants VEGA,
KEGA, projects of applied research
(AR), national projects solved by FST
and foreign research grants,



publishing the results of scientific and
research work by the staff of FST, expert’s reports and reviews, 6th Framework Programme and 7th Framework
Programme,
organization of scientific meetings and
events,
scientific education in PhD. study programmes.
While solving grants, different projects
and another international projects dealing with research or taking part in various
scientific committees during habilitations,
inaugurations and academic dissertations,
FST still cooperates with another universities within Slovak Republic and abroad,
above all Czech Republic.
Scientific and research
projects solved by FST
According to analysis of the financial support of the scientific and research work at
the FST disadvantageous trend was carried out that means 90 % of used scientific
and research capacity was spent to grants
solution. No wage funds were allocated to
those grants and due to valid procedure
it was impossible to count in depreciation
to these costs.
Due to essential funding needed in
the future more resources from solved
projects could be spend for the faculty
as well as ADUT. For that reason the next
projects of higher financial support (from
2 to 4 millions Sk) coming from agencies
including the mentioned items to the
costs should be chosen.
The list of national research grants solved
by the FST is shown in Table 1.
Table 1: List of national research grants solved by the FST
No.
Title
Project
Reg. No.
Responsible
for the grant
Workplace
1.
Research of thin-walled bearing
rings
VEGA
1/2115/05
Prof.
Obmaščík
DTME
2.
Theory and procedures to prognosticate reliability of sewing machines due to their functional parts
of improved lifetime according to
material composition of sewn parts
VEGA
1/2093/05
Assoc. Prof.
Barborák
DSPTMT
3.
Operation conditions and lifetime
of machine parts and advanced
designed parts of machines and
equipments
VEGA
1/2094/05
Assoc. Prof.
Chovanec
DSPTMT
4.
Study of advanced technological
fields and possibilities of application in fine art
KEGA
3/2353/04
Assoc. Prof.
Mäsiar
KSTM
5.
Research of the bullet and special
protective textile interaction
CUGA
11/05
Assoc. Prof.
Barborák
DSPTMT
6.
Simulation of deformation characteristics of dynamic resistance of
armour plates
CUGA
10/2006
Ing. Jurenová
DTME
7.
Research of temporary moulds
possible production on the base of
organic bond systems when using
CNC milling machine
CUGA
15/2006
Ing. Lysák
DTME
8.
Research of high-lift truck of improved terrain clearness
APVT
20-034604
Ing. Lahučký
DTMMP
Explanation:
DTME - Department of Technologies and Materials in Engineering, DSPTMT - Department of Special Production
Technology and Mobile Technology
DTMMP - Department of Technical Mechanics and Machine Parts
Project “Research of High-lift Truck of Improved Terrain Clearness” with project
No. APVV 20-034604 was solved in collaboration with Slovak Research and Development Agency. One of responsible
organizations participating in the project
was ZTS - VÝSKUM A VÝVOJ, a.s., Dubnica nad Váhom. The project started in
January 2005 with financial support 11,7
million Sk, from that 5,62 million Sk as a
contribution of Slovak Research and Development Agency. The project was fin-
ished in June 2007. Functional prototype
was made. The laboratory tests and tests
of cabin before finishing of supplementary
tests in State Transport and Construction
Equipment Testing Institute in Žilina have
been already checked. The final report,
financial settlement, allowances in kind
and fulfilment of obligations was written to meet the deadline of the project.
Internal opponent’s reports and the final
negotiations of opponents held on July 3
2007. The final report was sent on 30 July
32
2007. The result of the project was a new
product high-lift truck of improved terrain clearness of engine power 56 kW and
loading capacity 2,600 kilograms which
is able to reach the height of 4 meters.
Possible producer in the future will be
ZTS – VÝSKUM A VÝVOJ, a.s. Dubnica nad
Váhom as a participant on the project and
consumer - trade network of engine supplier company Caterpillar.
The list of approved projects in 2006 is
given in Table 2.
Table 2. List of approved projects in 2006
No.
Title
Project
Reg. No.
Responsible
for the grant
Workplace
1.
Research of recrystallization properties of
alpha brass
VEGA
1/4120/07
Assoc. Prof.
Mäsiar
DTME
2.
Research of technological possibilities of
armour plates hardening in critical zones
VEGA
1/4118/07
Assoc. Prof.
Híreš
DTME
3.
New conceptions of spatial converters of
improved technological parameters on the
base of ecological liquid
VEGA
1/4152/07
Assoc. Prof.
Turza
DTMMP
Table 3. List of foreign research grants at FST
No.
1.
Title
FAST CAST
Project
6th Framework Programme of EU FP 6-2002-SME1-507 729
Important outputs of scientific and research work
New knowledge focused on a specific target or task to tackle a problem from practice developed to next applicable functional form consist from:
Application of FAST CAST method with
forming mixtures on the base of synthetic and idealized opening materials
of type CERABEAD
Application of blades in screw propellers cooling during solidification
Improvement of paternless forming
for complex shaped castings
New software for transformation of
coordinates in screw propellers geometry
Innovation of moulds production for
centrifugal casting of plastics - realized in foundry MAUS GmbH Karlsruhe
Germany.





33
Reg. No.
Responsible
for the grant
Workplace
Assoc. Prof.
Mäsiar
DTME
Collaboration with practice
Another way of collaboration in research
is contract between two contractors with
concrete order as the subject of a contract and a workplace responsible for the
solution of the project.
FST intensively takes part in science
and research and provides high level of
PhD. study, sustainable improvement in
qualification skills of the staff and equipment of laboratories and also enables educational process of the university study
on required level.
Table 5 List of projects solved for industry
No.
Title
Submitter
Responsible
for the project
Department
1.
Design of placement and fixation of final drive
in chassis PVS and PC
VOP 027 a.s.
Trenčín
Assoc. Prof.
Barborák
DSPTMT
2.
Solution the way of mixing material for fibres
production when manufacturing textile ropes
GLEISTEIN
SLOVAKIA,
s.r.o. Trenčín
Assoc. Prof.
Barborák
DSPTMT
3.
Solution of textile ropes navigation into fixing
machine
GLEISTEIN
SLOVAKIA,
s.r.o. Trenčín
Assoc. Prof.
Barborák
DSPTMT
4.
Solution of winding textile ropes of greater
diameters when machine Herzog 65829 is
employed
GLEISTEIN
SLOVAKIA,
s.r.o. Trenčín
Assoc. Prof.
Barborák
DSPTMT
5.
Solution of networks fixing when twisting
ČOUMOT,
s.r.o.
Assoc. Prof.
Barborák
DSPTMT
6.
Elaboration of changes in drawing documentation RTK – 4
Konštrukta
– Industry,
a.s. Trenčín
Ing. Kacko
DTMMP
7.
Constitution of the company BOST – TnU, s.r.o.
for research, development and education in
the field of CNC technologies
BOST SK a.s.
Trenčín
Ing. Lacho
FST
8.
Noise damping of axial piston pump PV 075
POCLAIN HYDRAULICS
Slovakia,
s.r.o.
Assoc. Prof.
Turza
DTMMP
9.
Testing of suitable drilling tools when drilling
abrasive resistant high strength steels
M&V Slovakia,
s.r.o. Púchov
Assoc. Prof.
Híreš
DTME
10.
Analysis of strength properties of bayonet
joint CP
ZTS-LR
NaJUS
Assoc. Prof.
Turza
DTMMP
11.
Solution of tools renovation used for automated workplace for cutting textiles
EYBL Slovakia, s.r.o.
Assoc. Prof.
Barborák
DSPTMT
12.
Cooler of rubber semiproducts
KonštruktaIndustry, a.s.
Assoc. Prof.
Turza
DTMMP
13.
Increase in lifetime of cutters for tyre cord
rubber semiproducts
Assoc. Prof.
Híreš
DTME
14.
Analysis of cutting tools for tyre cord cutting
Assoc. Prof.
Híreš
DTME
15.
Material analyses for spectrometers in certified laboratory
BOST, a.s.
Trenčín
Ing. Barényi
DTME
34
Scientific and research profile of the Faculty
of Nursing
Assoc. prof. MUDr. Ján Bielik, PhD.
Faculty of Nursing was established in 2004. Its main role is education of qulified nurses
nad laboratory medicine assistants.
Although the education is dominant the Faculty has many activities in science and
research, too. We can show some of them to ilustrate the basis of scientific and research profile of our Faculty.
Research projects
Ministry of Health
Prevention of Nosocomial Infection in
Health Care, PNI
The main objective is to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections in health
care by improving quality of nurses´ hand
hygiene. Health care workers´ hand hygiene is the basic indicator of quality of
provinding health care in reducing nosocomial infections. We want to point out
that nurses´ hand hygiene has an important consequence in prevention of nosocomial infection in health care. We want
to find what knowledge, attitudes and
habits in hand hygiene nurses have. Outcome of this research period will be the
presentation of finding results at conference. Then the specific hand hygiene education for nurses will be realized which
would support the permanent change in
nurses´ knowledge, attitudes and practices in hand hygiene. This education is
the specific intervention of improving of
health care quality in prevention of nosocomial infections. Finding research results
will be implemented in undergraduate
and postgraduate nursing education.
35
Principal investigator: Bielik Ján, MD, PhD.,
assof. prof.
List of scientific co-workers: Gulášová
Ivica, Červenanová Eva, Mgr., Gerlichová
Katarína, Mgr., Grabczak Pavol, PhDr.,
PhD., Jurdíková Kamila, PhDr., Kašcák
Marián, MUDr., Kvasnicová Zuzana, Mgr.,
Matišáková Iveta, PhDr., Mišinová Mariana, Mgr., Šimovcová Darina, Mgr.
Project proposal was sent to the Ministry of Education of Slovak Republic on
the July 2, 2007.
Educational projects
Ministry of Health
Preparation for Mentorship
The Faculty of Health of Alexander Dubček
University in Trenčín has applied the Ministry of Health for accreditation of lifelong education course ´Preparation for
Mentorship´. The course will be suitable
for health care professionals – nurses.
At the time when we are experiencing
dynamic increase of nursing student in
bachelor daily study programme, our
faculty needs mentors. Nursing study is
accomplished not only at university, but
also in health care facilities.The object of
course is to prepare qualified nurses for
supervising and teaching the students in
naturaly setting of health care facilities
and facilitate the student’s development
of knowledge and understanding of nursing practice skills.
Project proposal was sent to the Ministry of Health on the July 18, 2007.
Research projects
Ministry of Education
VEGA (Scientific Grant Agency of the
Ministry of Education of Slovak Republic
and the Academy of Sciences)
Improving the Quality of Nurses´ Hand
Hygiene in Prevention of Hospital Infections in Hospital Health Care
The main goal of project is to find nurses´
knowledge, attitudes and habits of hand
hygiene practices, which is significant part
of barrier nursing technique. Hands are
the riskiest and the most spreading way
of infection transmission. Hand hygiene
of hospital workers is the main indicator
of hospital health care quality. The outcome of the project will be to underline
the importance of prevention of hospital
infections in hospital health care. We will
realize education of nurses about hand
hygiene. The other outcome will be presentation of research results at conferenc-
es. We would like to implement acquired
research knowledge into undergraduate
education of nurses and write ´Handbook
of Hand Hygiene for Nurses´.
Principal investigator:
MD,PhD., assoc. prof.
Bielik
Ján,
List of scientific co-workers: Gulášová
Ivica, Červenanová Eva, Gerlichová Katarína, Jurdíková Kamila, Kašcák Marián,
Kvasnicová Zuzana, Matišáková Iveta,
Mišinová Mariana, Šimovcová Darina.
Project proposal was sent to the Ministry of Education of Slovak Republic on
the March 29, 2007.
36
Scientific and research profile in papers
Economical effectiveness
of chronic hepatitis C by
peginterferon alfa-2b and
ribavirin – slovak pharmacoeconomical study
countries with more advanced economies. The treatment of chronic hepatitis C
with peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin in
Slovakia is cost-effective based on pharmacoeconomic calculations.
Igor Hužička, MD.,
Ján Bielik, MD, PhD., Assoc.prof..
Key words: chronic hepatitis C, peginterferon alfa-2b, pharmacoeconomics, cost
of disease, cost-effectiveness of therapy.
Goal: To investigate the cost-effectiveness of therapy of chronic hepatitis C with
peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin in the
context of the Slovak healthcare system.
Published: Čes. a Slov. Gastroenterol.
A Hepatol., 60,2006,2,p.83-89.
Methods: We retrospectively obtained
clinical data on the cost of treatment in
140 patients with chronic hepatitis C or
advanced chronic liver disease of other
etiology. Life-time cost of untreated and
treated chronic hepatitis C was calculated
using the Markov model and cost-effectiveness of antiviral therapy was evaluated
by cost per life-year saved (LYS) analysis.
Results: The average medical cost per
patient-year in case of chronic hepatitis
C not treated with antiviral drugs, compensated cirrhosis, complicated cirrhosis,
and after liver transplantation was 19,361
Sk (Slovak crowns), 31, 019 Sk, 187,252
Sk, and 327,530 Sk, respectively. The cost
per life-year saved using 3 % discounting
was 105,740 Sk in the average group of
patients and 191,310 Sk in patients with
genotype 1. In patients with genotype 2
and 3 antiviral treatment would result in a
life-time cost saving of 16,490 Sk per patient.
Conclusion: The cost of treatment of
chronic hepatitis C and other chronic liver
diseases in Slovakia is comparable with
37
Costs of pen (Novopen® 3 ) versus syringe in the treatment
of diabetes mellitus type 2.
A pharmacoeconomic study
from the Slovak Republic
Ján Bielik, Noman Ehsan, Jozef Lacka,
Pavol Ondrejka, Miroslav Pastucha
Objectives: There is 5.3 % prevalence of
diabetes mellitus (DM) in Slovakia. The
treatment ratio is: 47.6 % of patients
are in a diet group, 30.8 % in PAD group
and 21.6 % in an insulin group. The average drug costs were estimated about 232
Euro per 1 patient per 1 year in 2005. The
cost proportion of PAD was estimated on
60% of total direct costs, hospital care- 7
%, out-patient care- 7 %, laboratory tests12 % and SMBG (self-monitoring of blood
glucose) - 14 %.
Methods. Direct medical costs and non
direct costs were evaluated in retrospective randomized study in a group of patients with DM type 2. 48 patients were
treated with intensive insulin therapy
(IIT) by insulin pen (NovoPen® 3) in comparison with 28 patients treated with
conventional therapy (CT) e.g. not more
than twice a day. The study evaluated: A,
General parameters: - gender, - weight,
- BMI, - work ability, - level of education,
- physical activity, B, Specific parameters:
- duration of DM, - hypoglycemia, - retinopathy, - nephropathy, - cerebrovascular
disease, - peripheral artery disease, - hypertension and dyslipidemia, and C, Economic parameters: in out-patient general
and special care, - hospital care, - drugs,
- laboratory exams.
Results: The significant differences
(p<0,05,s) was occurred in age: 53,19 in
IIT group vs 55,11 in CT group and in the
level of cholesterol: 6,14 vs 6,65. IIT had
lower HbA1C: 7,77 % vs 8,0%, but without statistical difference (ns). Duration of
DM was 113.51 months in IIT and 147.67
months in CT (s).
The IIT group had lower number of out-patient visits – 26,06 vs 30,25 (ns), but more
frequently visited diabetologists- 6,82 vs
5,43 (s) and nephrologists- 6,5 vs 3,22 (s)
and less frequently angiologists- 1,0 vs
3,75 (s). The hospital costs were higher in
IIT- 568 Euro vs 511 Euro (ns). The laboratory costs were lower in IIT – 133 Euro
vs 167 Euro (ns). IIT had higher costs for
reimbursed drugs, glucometers and insulin pens by Health Insurance Companies1065 Euro vs 1024 Euro (ns). No statistical
difference was occurred in patients´ copayments- 99 Euro vs 100 Euro. The other
patients´ costs; like travel, other drugs,
medical devices were 124 Euro vs 125
Euro (ns). Indirect patients´ costs based
on time loss were 185 Euro vs 227 Euro
(s). The total costs per 1 patient per 1 year
were 1972 Euro in IIT vs 1964 Euro in CT.
The difference was only 9 Euro (ns).
Conclusions: The treatment of DM type 2
with insulin pen NovoPen® 3 is clinically
and economically effective in comparison
to the treatment with syringe.
The estimated costs of LYS are 4759 Euro
in men and 6519 Euro in women per patient with DM in Slovakia.
Published: Pharmacoeconomics and Drug
Policy, 3, 2007, 2.
Chronic fatigue syndrome
and chronic fatigue
Bielik J., Durdíková Z.,
Durdíková Z. ml., Mateička F.
The group of 21 patients with chronic
fatique dominant symtpomatology was
analysed. There were 6 men in average
age of 34,2 years and 15 women in average age of 39,0. The duration of symptomatology was in average 3,7 years. 15
pacients suffered with mild fatique, 5 patients suffered with moderate fatique and
1 patient had severe fatique. The others
mostly frequent symptoms were: pain of
knuckles- 10 times, mild temperature8, haedache- 7, dyspepsia- 5, sleep disturbances- 4, diarrhea- 4, sweatness- 3,
dysuria- 3. The accompanying diagnoses
from other medical discipines were: neurology- 20 times, psychiatry- 15, otorhinolaryngology- 11, gastroenterology- 11,
alergology- 9, gynecology- 8, endocrinology- 7, carfdiology- 5. We supposed, the
psychiatric diagnosis was the main cause
of fatique in 8 patients, the combination
of diagnoses was the cause in 9 patients,
and idiopathic fatique e.g. chronic fatique
syndrome had 4 patients. Chronic fatique
syndrome seems to be the complex nosologic unit. It is characterised by prolonged
durationand it is occured mostly in young
38
and middle-aged people. The optimal way
for diagnostic process is short stay in hospital, on internal department, in collaboration with qualified and engaged experts
from others medical disciplines.
Key words: Chronic fatigue – Chronic fatigue syndrome
Published: Interná med., 5,2005,5,3006309
Genetic polymorphisms in
ctla-4, ace and vntr polymorphism of il-1ra genes in the
inflammatory bowel disease
gene does seem to be a suceptibility confering gene. Allele and genotype frequencies of IL – 1
RA gene were significantly different in
IBD patients, but in this case for valid results a larger cohort is needed (3rd Middle
European Gastroenterology Meeting, Bad
Aussee,Austria, July 2,2004). This invited
lecture contents 6 references.
Maintaining remission of
ulcerative colitis with the
probiotic Escherichia coli
nissle 1917 is as effective as
with standard mesalazine
Kascak M., Jesenska L, Pullmann R.Jr.,
Skerenova M., Hybenova J.,, Bezayova
K., Horakova M., Lukac L., Katuscak I.,
Hyrdel R., Rusnak I., Duris I., Pullmann
R.
W Kruis, P Frič, J Pokrotnieks, M Lukáš,
B Fixa, M Kaščák, M A Kamm, J Weismueller, C Beglinger, M Stolte, C Wolff, J.
Schulze
The genetic polymorphism of the receptor of activated T cells (CTLA-4), an angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) and
the interleukin 1 gene family (IL-1 RA)
genes were tested in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). These genes
are possibly involved in dysfunctional/
autoimmune response to environmental
agents.
Evidence exists for the pathogenic role of
the enteric flora in inflammatory bowel
disease. Probiotics contain living microorganisms which exert health effects on
the host. We compared the efficacy in
maintaining remission of the probiotic
preparation Escherichia coli Nissle 1917
and established therapy with mesalazine
in patients with ulcerative colitis.
Sixty four patients (38 with Crohn´s
diseases and 26 with ulcerative colitis)
were tested.
In total, 327 patients were recruited
and assigned to a double blind, double
dummy trial to receive either the probiotic drug 200 mg once daily (n = 162) or
mesalazine 500 mg three times daily (n =
165). The study lasted for 12 months and
patients were assessed by clinical and endoscopic activity indicies (Rachmilewitz)
as well as by histology. The primary aim
of the study was to confirm equivalent efficacy of the two drugs in the prevention
of relapses.
Any significant correlation of studied poymorphisms and disease severity,
activity, relapsing tendency, abdominal
surgery and extraintestinal manifestation
was found. No differences in either genotype or allele distribution of ACE gene was
nofirmed. More frequent G allele of CTLA
– 4 gene (p=0,02) and more homozygous
IBD patients (p=0,04) were observed. This
39
The per protocol analysis revealed relapses in 40/110 (36,4%) patients in the E coli
Nissle 1917 group and 38/112 (33,9%) in
the mesalazine group (significant equivalence p = 0,003)
Soubgrup analyses showed no differences between the treatment groups in
terms of duration and localisation of disease or pretrial treatment. Safety profile
and tolerability were very good for both
groups and were not different.
The probiotic drug E coli Nissle 1917
shows efficacy and safety in maintaining
remission equivalent to the gold standard
mesalazine in patients with ulcerative colitis. The effectiveness of probiotic treatment futher underlines the pathogenetic
significance of the enteric flora (Gut 2004;
53:1617-1623). This article contents 43
references.
HJV gene mutations in European patients with juvenile
hemochromatosis
SG Gehrke, A Pietrangelo, M Kaščák,
A Braner, m Eisold, H Kulaksiz, T Herrmann, U Hebling, K Bents, R Gugler, W
Stremmel
A large variety of mutations within the
genes encoding hepcidin (HAMP) and hemojuvelin (HJV) have been identified in
patients with the severe iron overload disorder juvenile hemochromatosis (JH). The
aim of the study was to evaluate the molecular background of JH in patients from
central parts of Europe. Sequence analyses of HAMP and HJV were performed in
seven JH patients from six families from
Germany, Slovakia and Croatia.
For detection of the G320V mutation in
HJV, a rapid polymerase chain reactionbased assay was developed. No mutations were found within the HAMP gene.
Six of seven (86%) JH patients carried at
least one copy of the G320V mutation
within the HJV gene. Four of these were
homozygous for the G320V mutation. In
addition, two novel HJV mutations were
identified (C 119F and S328fsX337). Taken
together, the present study demonstrates
that molecular analysis of the HJV gene
is a powerful tool for an early and reliable diagnosis of JH. As in affected patients from Greece, the G320V mutation
seems to be widely distributed among
JH patients from central parts of Europe.
Therefore, detection of the G320V mutation could identify the majority of JH cases
from these regions non-invasively (Clinical
Genetics;67,May 2005, 5:425-428). This
article contents 19 references.
Exploration of information
of lay public about the legal
and ethical aspects of kidney
transplantation.
Ivica Gulášová , Ján Breza jr, Ján Breza,
sr.
The authors present the results of their
exploration concentrated on finding of
the information of the wide unprofessional public about the legal and ethical
aspects of the kidney – transplantation.
They called their attention on finding
of the level of the explored fields of the
given problem: the understanding of the
notion of transplantation at the wide
unprofessional public, the legal system
at taking of the organs in the Slovac Republic, the consent with taking of kidney,
40
brain – death, the present situation in the
field of kidney donation, in the categories
of consent: opting – in, opting – out, required request, routine salvaging, attitude
of the Church on taking of kidney. They
further found out the level of confidence
at the wide unprofesional public in relation to the paramedical workers – doctors
with regard to fixing the clinical death,
keeping the legal and ethical norms and
in this relation to the health – service at
creating and agreeing of the given norms.
They called their attention also to psycho
– social aspects of kidney was takwn from
the dead giver, from the relatives, or on
the contrary if they werw in the case of
need ready to give the kidney to their
relative. The exploration was realized in
four towns in Slovakia : Bratislava, Trnava,
Trenčín, Liptovský Mikuláš. The basic collection was created by 500 respondents.
The main method of exploration was the
questionaire - method. The answers of
respondents werw examined by the content – analysis, the results of which are
presented in lucid tables. In the end of
the contribution the authors evaluate the
work – hypotheses and present recommendation for the clinical practice in the
field of the health education, reffering to
the reserves in the field of mass – media
– policy in the given problems.
Key words: Transplantation, donation,
legal aspects, basic ethical principles, informed approach, brain – death, attitude
of church
Publisher: Urologie pro praxi.roč.8,
č.5/2007, str. 164-168, ISSN 1213-1768
41
Ethical aspects at providing
of Quick Health Service
Ivica Gulášová, Pavol Beňo
Specific aspects emphasize great requirements on ethics of a physician and
a nurse who decided to work in this field
when extending urgent medicine especially
prior to hospital phase. Sanitary operator
is required to have special knowledges,
abilities and experience as well as a will
to provide help to a person afflicted by
acute affection or injured by any means
necessary no matter how demanding the
circumstances are. A loose approach may
involve a setback complications with permanent effect, eventually a death of the
stricken person. when rendering health
services to the person in an acute status
or in the status endangering his very being. On the other hand, an approach with
maximum aim at interventing may signify
an overall rejuvenation and preservation
of one´s life. Responsibility, a will (manfullness) to act in unpredictable situations,
and the capability of making a precise
decision are the features expected from
the sanitary operator. A vital obligation of
the physician as to provide the subject, if
conscious, and his kin with necessary information regarding his well-being. After
containing the state of endangering the
subject´s life a proper formulated statement, and a sympathy with the subject,
and his close relatives is sured to place a
lojality in fortunate course of the recovery. According to our legislation, rendering health services is prior to subject´s
approval, however, there are certain situations, where the patient must subordinate to the treatment. A Patient is taken
into hospital approval in these occasions:
when the affection is made by an indi-
vidual prescription and a necessary treatment is urgent, - when the patient shows
restiges of sanity, and pose a threat to
himself and his neighbourhood, - there
is no way of requesting the approval due
to the state of health, and a urgent decision must be taken in order to save the
subject´s life and well being.
The patient has a right to refuse the
proposed health service, particular intervention and to be taken to hospital,
and his disapproval must be respected. A
physician is obliged to request a written
affirmation, the so-called negative letter
(reverz). Such letter has a great relevance
to a physician. A physician is requested to
do everything he can in order to save a
person´s life, but he is limited by just the
disagreement of the person. When the
patient rejects approval as well as signing
the negative letter, it is essential that this
situation will be noted down in the documentation and the signature of the subject will be substituted by a signature of
the witness. Upright attributes of a physician has a great relevance in taking part in
making decisions when subserving urgent
assignment. It is a vital that the physician
and the Emergency squad will uphold the
obligatory taciturnity. Working in the area
of urgent medicine is very challenging for
the physician and the Emergence squad
because of the requested expertness as
well as his moral attributes. Accomplishment achieved by making a correct resolution in individual cases and by containing the mass occurence of injured will give
the physician and the Emergence squad
the rightful satisfaction from successful
salvation of human lives.
Key words: injured, legislation, Quick
Health Service, ethics problems, legal
problems
Published in: Zdravotníctvo a sociálna
práca. Roč.1, č.3, str. 42-43, ISSN 13369326
The difficulty of consolation
in the Agency of the home
nursing care
Home nursing care is defined as a care
which is provided to the person, whose
health status does not require continuous providing of healthcare that is longer
than 24 hours. Home nursing care is provided by nurse with applicable special
education (competence) in home evirons
or other familiar environs. Therefore,
this type of nursing care is believed to be
important and eminent element of humanization opf healthcare by rights. On
the other hand it also represents self-realization for those nurses providing it. The
main course of the nurses working in the
Home Nursing Care Agency is to return
patients (clients) with corrupted health
into natural environs of his family, not the
separation from home unless if it is not
necessary. And the endeavour to remedy
in home setting with the help of health
workers, social workers spiritual workers
and the family. Historically, home nursing
care is the oldest form of providing a care
and in chronological expression it takes
the first place.
Appart from the education, satisfaction from a debt of the patient in home
environs in a maximum standard is the
component of these healthcare. The component of immediate (direct) nursing care
is immediate contact between nurse and
patient (client) when the nurse makes
nursing diagnosis on the basis of anamnesis which emanate from actually or potential requirements of patients.
42
In case of homenursing, when paliative
nursing care is provided by a nurse, the
important moment is also moribund family care . The disability to sacrifice with the
loss of beloved person evokes irrational
reactions, shock or aggressiveness. Suitable intervention in this case is tranquillisation and explanation. After the dying
the nurse let the family small take leave
and terminates (finish) the care at dead
body of patient. According to our experiences the home nursing care is effective,
needed and requisites. These care considers all aspects of nursing care, respects
the individuallity of patient/client, his requisites, enables claiming the rights of patient/client. These care provides very and
high-human nursing care in which the basis principles of nursin care are projected,
filled and on-line realized.
Key words: individual nursing care, home
nursing care, communication, quality of
nursing care, humanity care
Conflict situation in community nursing
In order to understand conflict situations
originating within the area of community
nursing, we must at first say, what role the
community nursing represents in nursing. The community nursing is focused
on primary, secondary and consecutive
care on individuals, families and groups
in the community. The role of community nursing is prevention, consolidation,
health restoration in individuals, families
and groups in the community. Commu-
43
nity nursing interferes with all areas of
human life from birth to death. Because
of the various groups and individuals, it is
natural, that conflict situations originate
also in healthcare service. In some cases,
i tis very difficult to prevent those conflict
situations.
The Conflict is an usualevent, normal
component of our daily life. I tis clear, that
no every conflict has not every conflict will
have pathogen effect to patient/client.
It depends on personal development of
nurse, from her psycho-social maturity. It
is possible, that the patient is less mature
than the nurse, eventually the patient had
be acting immature in the light of consequences of the disease. In this case, the
interaction with the patients can be difficult, hindered and uncertain. Social mature affects the behavior of individuals in
various situations. The nurse should be
aware of her behaviour being an image
of her personality showed to community,
to the patients and their families in the
first place. The conflicts can be originate
when the individual wants something else
than the other members of group (nurse,
physician, phamily). The conflict can be
originate also between nurse and patient,
but also between one another nursing sister (when opposite sights, e.g. on healthcare exists).
And there is a place for nurse personality, her ability to accept and transfer the
informations on wide basis in a various
modes (verbal, nonverbal, immediate,
etc.) to the individual or complete groups
in the community. Some experts indicates
the bilateral relationship between nurse
and patient as interpersonal relation, other as therapeutic relation or help relation.
The helping is a process by which one person helps the another person to solve his
problems and meet the crisis situations
on the life´s career. The persons participating on this relation are designated as
persons providing or persons receiving
the help. The nurse is a person providing
the help (health service) and the patient
is a person receiving the help. There are
situations, which can be only hard change
by a nurse sister. It is needed, these ineligible situations originating in interaction
between the nurse and patient to change
or influence by desirable mode.
Contemporary nursing practice unambigously requires counterweighted
and harmonic relationship between the
nurse and patient. This relationship must
be based on bilateral understanding and
complementation. The goal of good relationship is movement to patient, his needments, to participate on his benefit.
Key words: conflict situations, community
nursing, primary nursing care, secondary
nursing care,interpersonal relations
Ethical aspects of caring for
patients treated by chemotherapy
Zuzana Kvasnicová
In the article the author concentrates on
the ethical aspects of nursing care for patients treated by chemotherapy. She lists
four basic ethical principles that should be
adhered to by a nurse in providing nursing
care of patients undergoing chemotherapy. At the same time she interlinks them
with currently valid legislation in Slovakia.
The purpose of the contribution is to draw
attention to the fact that the patients is a
suffering human being whose authonomy
and right should be greatly respected
with a good intention not to make his/her
any harm.
Published in: Ošetrovateľský obzor, vol.
IV, No 1-2, 2007, p. 19 ISSN 1336-5606
Senior´s Nutritional Problems
Iveta Matišáková, Katarína Gerlichová,
Mariana Mišinová
The nutrition of elderly people is a complex problem. We can´t limit this problem only to food – intake. It is needed
to judge functional capabilities of older
patients to solve own nutritional problem themselves. We have to assess their
particulary or total dependence in instrumental daily life activities. In many cases
special nutritional care is provided within
nursing care.
Many physiological changes that are
part of the normal aging process happen
in gastrointestinal system. The age-related changes of gastrointestinal system can
affect senior´s food – intake. A nurse, who
takes care of elderly people, would know
these changes and related nutritional
problems to provide quality nursing care.
Published in: Sestra, vol. 5., No 11-12,
2006, p. 40 ISSN 1335-9444
44
Institute of natural and human sciences
and his scientific results
prof. Ing. Ján Garaj, DrSc.
I
nstitute of natural and human science
content 8 departments, namely:








Department of mathematic
Department of physics
Department of chemistry and biochemistry
Department of political and social sciences
Department of languages
Department of pedagogy
Department of physical and sport
The Joint Glass Centre
Research activity of the Institute has 2
main goals: research activity is confused
on the teaching as well as oriented on the
acceleration of the respective research.
Our attention in this paper is focused on
the following five subjects.
1. The Joint Glass Centre of the Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy
of Sciences, Alexander Dubček University
of Trenčín, and RONA j.s.c. exists under
the direction of prof. Marek Liška and assoc. prof. Dušan Galusek since 2001. At
that time, after many transformation, the
centre known also as Vitrum Laugaricio
(or VILA), became an example of cooperation between Academy, a University and
the industrial sphere, by entry of the third
partner, Glassworks RONA j.s.c. Each partner in the Centre plays an irreplaceable
role: Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (and
Slovak Academy of Sciences) represent
fundamental research, and provides a significant part of its potential for the tasks
of applied research for industrial part-
45
ners, and for education of highly qualified
scholars in the field of ceramic materials
and glass. The main task of the University
is defined by its position as the institution
of high education and in the centre represents especially the education of experts
in the field of glass and oxide ceramics.
The employees of VILA regularly provide
their expertise as supervisors of diploma
and PhD theses. The Centre has accredited the study programme Chemistry and
chemical technology of production of glass
and advanced ceramic materials within the
study area 5.2.18 Chemical technologies.
The Centre also participates at the PhD.
study programme Inorganic technologies
and non-metallic materials within the
study area 5.2.19 Inorganic technologies
and materials. The corresponding level of
education in both programmes is guaranteed by prof. Marek Liška. Accreditation of
both these programmes was prerequisite
for approval of the right to appoint professors in the study area 5.2.19 Inorganic
technologies and materials. This right was
granted to the Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín in January 2007.
The industrial partner RONA j.s.c.
Lednické Rovne supports the Centre financially, provides research tasks and
problems from glass technology, and mediates the contacts with other glassworks
both in Slovakia and abroad. Important is
also its contribution to educational process, especially providing the student the
opportunity to carry out practical training, supervising diploma works, and also
by direct participation of its employees in teaching. Up to date experimental equipment in the Centre is, together
with good qualification and age structure
of its employees, and excellent starting
point for solving various task of applied
and fundamental research. From among
the projects solved in the Centre we can
mention development and optimisation
of phosphate glasses used for landmine
detector, in the frame of the 5FP, participation at the NATO SfP project focused
on development of ceramic cutting tools
for machining of ultra hard alloys, or coordination of the NATO SfP project dealing
with development of glasses and transparent ceramics for ballistic applications.
The centre is also proud of successful development of a new crystal glass for the
RONA glassworks, which contains no toxic
barium. The project was funded by APVV,
and the new glass is patent protected. Important financial contribution reflected in
significant modernisation and development of experimental basis of the Centre
represented the project focused on investigation of chemical durability of glass fibers used as thermal insulation in nuclear
power plants. The project was funded by
the French institute for radiation protection and nuclear safety IRSN Paris, France.
At present the Centre participates in three
APVV projects, which are focused on optimisation of EUTAL glass melting for the
glassworks Johns Manville in Trnava, Slovakia, development of advanced ceramics
for highly corrosive environments, and
development of alumina ceramic electrodes for generation of co-planar diffusive plasma discharge in cooperation
with the Faculty mathematics, physics
and informatics of the Comenius University in Bratislava. The project of applied
research funded by the Slovak ministry
of education focused on determination
and relaxation of stresses in glass products is a joint effort of all three partners
in the Centre. For a Centre, which employs only 9 scientists it is vital to maintain close contacts and cooperation with
partner institutions both in Slovakia and
abroad. In this context we can mention
especially well established cooperation
with partners in Czech Republic (VŠChT
Praha, University of Pardubice, Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences), in Germany (TU Darmstadt, TU Karlsruhe, Otto Schott Institute
FSU Jena), in UK (University of Leeds, Imperial College London), in France (IRSN
Paris), in Russia (Ioffe Physical-Technical
Institute St. Petersburg), and in Ukraine
(Institute for Single Crystal, Kharkov). As
to the future, the Centre plans further expansion in terms of scientific personnel,
number of laboratories, and teaching and
research activities. The future research
activities will be determined by the needs
of industry, but also by novel trends in the
research of non-metallic inorganic materials, especially oxide glasses and advanced
ceramics.
2. The research program of the Department chemistry and biochemistry is oriented to the copper and its compounds.
Copper is widely distributed in Nature in
native deports and as salts. The Roman
empire obtained its copper requirements
from Ascyrium. An island now know as Cyprus, and this gave rise to both the name
and symbol for copper (Cu).
The chemistry of copper compounds
has been extensively investigated and
the relationship between structure and
reactivity ranging from industrial catal
ysis to biomedical activity, is of major
importance. Although copper in oxiation
46
state +2 is the most common by far (also
in bio-systems), other known oxidation
states observed +1, +3 and +4, and of
these copper(I) is the most common. The
overwhelming majority of X-ray studies of
transition metal compounds are of copper
compounds. Over ten thousand structural
studies of copper compounds have been
carried out. We classified and analyzed
structural parameters of these copper
complexes. We found several cooperative
effects and relationship between the CuL, Cu-Cu bond distances, L-Cu-L and CuL-Cu bond angles, stereochemistry, geometry oxidation state of copper, donor
atom(s) of a ligand(s), etc. On the basis of
observated data we made some general
conclusions which improved knowledge
of copper complexes for both chemistry
and biology. For example, stereochemistry about cooper is „ sensitive“ on the
oxidation state of copper as central
atom. Copper(I) complexes exist with
coordination number range from 1 to 5,
from wich 3 and 4 are most common. In
the series of copper(II) complexes the
coordination number range from 3 to 8,
from which 4, 5 and 6 by far prevail. Coordination about copper(III) is much narrow,
4 and 5, with the former most common.
Stereochemical configuration about copper is also „ sensitive“ on the oxidation
state of the copper. In the series of four–
coordinated species: Cu(I) are tetrahedral,
Cu(II) tetrahedral and square- planar and
Cu(III) square – planar. Colouration of copp
per complexes come be darkness with an
increases of the oxidation state: Cu(I) are
mostly colourless, Cu(II) blue or green,
and Cu(III) black. Distortion isomers, differing only by degree of distortion in Cu
– L bond distances and L – Cu – L bond
angles, are the most numerous. Cis-trans
47
isomers exist only with the heterobidentate chelate ligands and are very seldom.
Copper organometallics are rarity.
Copper is the third most abundant
metallic element in the body, following
iron and zinc. All other animals, as well as
man, possesses homeostatic mechanism,
for absorption, transport, utilization and
excretion of copper and in man at least
two lethal, hereditary disorders of copper
metabolism, Wilson`s disease and menkes
kinky hair syndrome are known.
Copper and some of its compounds
play a vital role in a number of quite differential processes. For example, copper sulphate (blue vitriol) is often added
to water to stop algae on fungal growth
and other copper preparations are used
to spray on dust plants to protect them
from lower organisms and insectes. Copper compounds are not generally toxic to
human beings, except in massive quantities. Our daily diet normally includes
from 2 to 5 mg of copper. Its metabolism
is altered in acute on chromic degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis and
rheumatiod arthritis in parallel with an
increased plasma copper level in patients.
Moreover, these inflammatory diseases
and also physiological stresses are associated in inflamed tissues with an increase
of superoxide dismutase concentration.
This enzyme catalyzes the disproponation
of the toxic superoxide anion O2− into mo
lecular dioxygen and hydrogen peroxide
H2O2 and may play a role in disease remission.
The interaction of the copper ions with
drugs administered for therapeutic reasons
is of our considerable interest. Namely we
used salycilates, fenamates, propionates
and their derivates. Mostly are a nonster-
oidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) that
exhibit anti-inflammatory, analgesic and
antipyretic properties but they have the
undesirable side effects of inducing gastrointestinal exceleration and hemorhages.
Numerous studies have been undertaken in
order to reduce the side effects has been
the use of d-block metal complexes of the
NSAIDs as therapeutic agents. It is well
known the d-block metal ion copper(II)
can act as anti-inflammatory agent in its
own right.
tures, in which copper(II) atoms are five –
and six – coordinated. The structures are
complex and were analysed and classified. In spite of the fact, that coordination
number five in the chemistry of copper
is less common than numbers four and
six, is still very important. There are two
types of geometries. In one case the ligand atoms lie at the vertices of a trigonal
bipyramide (3 + 2) and in the other at the
vertices of a square pyramide (4 + 1). The
latter is more common than the former.
We prepared over 300 of newer
copper(II) complexes with the NSAIDs of
the general formula CuX2L and CuX2L2
where X is NSAID and L is water, dimethylformamide, dimethysulphoxide, ronicol,
nicotineamide and its derivates, etc. All
these copper(II) complexes were characterised by elemental analyses, spectral
(electronic, infrared, electron-paramagnetic resonance), thermal and magnetic
methods. Over one hundred of the complexes were studied also by X-ray crystallography. The crystal structures of CuX2L
complexes are dimeric and polymeric.
The former which is by far prevails exhibit a dimeric paddal-wheel structures
containing either a CuO4O or CuO4N
chromophore, gave the following results.
All the distorted square pyramidal coordination spheres contain a copper(II) atom
displaced 0.165 – 0.225 and 0.184 – 0.322
Å from the basal O4 plane in CuO4O and
CuO4N chromophores, respectively. The
Cu – Cu distances were in the range 2.579
– 2.702 and 2.603 – 2.886 Å for the CuO4O
and CuO4N chromophores, respectively.
There were found several relationships
between the structural parameters and
physical properties of the dimeric Cu(II)
complexes, which were analysed and
discussed. The latter are polymeric struc-
In the series of Cu(II) derivatives with
a square pyramidal configuration, deviation of Cu(II) from the basal plane toward
on apical donor atom range from 0.08 to
0.406 Å. Most common an apical donor
atom ligand is oxygen. In the series of six
– coordination about Cu(II) atoms is tetragonal – bipyramidal geometry (4 + 2)
most common, again mostly with O-donor atoms in an axial positions.
The crystal structures of CuX2L2 complexes are monomeric and polymeric. The
former structures which by far prevail,
contain a copper(II) atoms in a tetragonal
– bipyramidal environment. Spectral and
magnetic properties correspond well with
the structures. The polymeric structures
are complex, derive from the plasticity of
an „ electronic shell“ of Cu (II) atom.
A key step in understanding the biological function of these complexes was to
established their structures and to investigated the relative stabilities of the monomeric, dimeric and polymeric arrangements as well as the physical properties.
The antimicrobial effects of the complexes have been tested on various strains of
bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi.
The sensitivity of gram positive bacteria
S. Aureus to the tested compounds was
48
two times higher than that of gram negative bacteria E. coli. Copper(II) complexes
vary greatly in their antifungal activity.
For example, C. parapsilosis was greatly
inhibited by some monomeric copper(II)
complexes. Some dimeric copper(II) complexes influenced the colony morphology
of A. alternata. Changes of colony colour were probably caused by defects in
biosynthesis of melanin. Ramification effect: on growing hyphal tips of B. cinerea
was observed for some monomeric and
dimeric copper(II) complexes, the fungies most sensitive to tested compounds
was M. Gypseum. It was found that the
copper(II) NSAID complexes have a higher
bio-activity than NSAID itself and have improved physicochemical characteristics.
On the other hand, they exhibit a lower
toxicity than inorganic forms of copper. It
is known, that NSAID´s inhibit the biosynthesis of prostaglandin and has an inhibitory action of prostaglandin receptors.
There is correlation between the volume
of prostaglandin and pain, higher volume
more pain in the process of reumatoid
diseases.
Our own interest in the near future
centers on certain copper(II) NSAID complexes that have been identified as possessing significant bio-activity. We will
focussed our atention on biosynthesis of
prostaglandin on the altered copper(II)
metabolism in carcinogenesis and in a
variety of neoplastics diseases measurement of Cu – Zn SOD activity in tumour
cells. To investigate the cytotoxic and cytostatic activity of representative complexes in vitro and in vivo. To single out
the complex species responsible for the
observed activity (if any) to find out (if
possible) structure – activity correlations.
49
3. Department of political and social sciences shares in creating a political nation.
Political sciences education have been
spread in Slovakia since 1990. It´s usefulness was multiplied when the Slovak Republic has become a member of the EU.
In the past, political sciences were not
taught, and that fact created a serious
handicap. The ability to fill the demand for
clerks for EU offices in Brussels is limited
because of unpreparedness of applicants.
Applicants may be able to meet language
requirements, but their professional skills
are not that good. In Slovakia, teaching
of political sciences has started a century
later compared to Western Europe and
the U.S.A, and consequences of such time
lag have appeared there.
We, at Trenčín University, want to
combine quality and quantity in preparation of politically educated young people. It is not just a requirement of the EU
to have enough resources educated in
political sciences. It is also a question of
stability and development of democracy.
Transformation of an ethnic nation into
the political one requires citizens to have
higher-level abilities to participate in political processes, to understand politics,
and to influence political development.
The Department of Political and Social
Sciences, where future experts are being
prepared, has developed an educational
program compatible with European ones.
That program has been accepted by several universities across the EU.
Entering into cooperation with universities in the EU with the aim of the common educational program is an important
step towards improving and maintaining
high-level educational process. This way,
political sciences graduates from our University can obtain multiple diplomas, and
they can have an opportunity to complete
few semesters at foreign universities. The
system of „joint degree“ enables permanent cooperation of universities, and it
makes study programs more attractive.
One part of this process is also transformation of the whole study program of political sciences at our university into world
languages, primarily into the English. That
way, our educational process can become
more compatible with cooperative universities in other countries of the EU.
At this stage of the start, our lecturers
are well prepared to enter that ambitious
process, and their skills and abilities will
improve based on the level of cooperation
with other universities and especially with
those in foreign countries. In research activities the Department of political and
social sciences is participles in solving 2
projects: Ethics in Society and Sociology
of Politic.
4. The Department of Languages belonging to the Institute of Natural Sciences
and Humanities of Alexander Dubček
University of Trenčin is involved in the research of field-specific language competences. The research areas are academia,
management, business and engineering.
Four European universities are involved
in the international research project: the
University of Economics in Bratislava,
Slovakia, Alexander Dubcek University of
Trencin, Slovakia, the University of Tubingen, Germany and the University of Navarra in Pamplona, Spain.
At the Lisbon European Summit in
March 2000, the European Union set
itself the goal “...to become the most
competitive and dynamic knowledgebased economy in the world, capable of
sustainable economic growth with more
and better jobs and greater social cohesion…” (Lisbon European Council 2000: 2)
by 2010. Making a reality of this commitment includes a raft of initiatives to encourage people to move around the European Union in order to maximise their
studying, working and lifestyle opportunities. Competitiveness can be reached
only by putting skilled people where the
jobs are. Since free movement of persons
is one of the fundamental freedoms guaranteed by Community laws, every citizen
of the European Union has a right to live
and every citizen will have a right to work
in another Member State without being
discriminated.
It is true to say that whatever one’s experience and skills are, the knowledge of
foreign languages is the most important
requirement to find a good job throughout the European Union. Speaking other
European languages is the key to real mobility because “The Union needs a mobile
workforce.”(Promoting Language Learning and Linguistic Diversity 2002: 6).
Of course, benefits of language learning do not lie exclusively in employability.
Everybody should be encouraged to carry
on learning foreign languages for pleasure, personal development, for travel
abroad and way of making new friends,
or simply as a way of keeping the brain
active. After all, language learning can
be fun and it can be an ideal approach to
learning about other cultures. Finally, it is
generally true that competence in foreign
languages is an indicator of social status
throughout the European Union. The
higher a person’s level of education, the
more likely one speaks one or more foreign languages.
50
The main objective of language policy
of the European Union lies in language
learning and linguistic diversity and was
promoted mainly the Action Plan 20042006: Promoting Language Learning and
Linguistic Diversity: an Action Plan 2004
– 2006 launched by European Commission in July 2003.
The message of the Action Plan resulted from the Barcelona European Council
in March 2002: “...to improve the mastery
of basic skills, in particular by teaching at
least two foreign languages from a very
early age...” (Barcelona European Council 2002: 19). It means that learning two
foreign languages in addition to mother
tongue is taken for optimum and the
younger one starts, the better.
In the context of language learning
promotion, the heads of States and Governments in Barcelona in March 2002
noted the lack of data evaluating citizens’
actual language skills and demanded the
establishment of a European indicator of
language competence. Such an indicator
was intended to provide valuable information for decision-makers in the education as well as training systems. There is
a great variety of tests and certificates of
language skills throughout Europe constructed in different ways. These differences make the comparison of language
skills between individuals difficult and do
not enable to determine the objective level of proficiency. For that reason, it is hard
for employers to assess the language skills
of the applicants for a particular position,
for schools and universities to decide on
mobility participants etc. This naturally
leads to reduction of credibility and portability of language examination results
that may hinder the free movement of
workers and students between Member
51
States. Since one of the aims of the European Commission is to increase mobility
of working force and thus contribute to
creation of the most competitive knowledge-based economy in the world.
The endeavour to standardise language competences, two significant documents published by the Council of Europe
contributed to standardised assessment
of language skills: Common European
Framework of Reference for Languages
(A-C levels of language command) and the
European Language Portfolio.
While A and B levels are permanently
completed by new analyses, C levels analyses relatively fall behind with the detailed
descriptors of language competences.
The above information provides a necessary insight into the issue of language
competences. When referring to HEI level
and employability, it is obviously C level of
CEFR we talk about. In addition, mastering
2+ languages at “working” level (i.e. for
purposes of studies and employment) requires the language learning and teaching
to be systematic, structured and efficient
to allow for quick and focused acquisition
of the needed language competences.
And thus, all involved parties – learners,
language programmes deliverers, in-class
language teachers, language policy makers as well employers must understand
what language competences should and
can be acquired in a time period. Not only
standardisation of language competences
is crucial in this respect then, but also the
transparency of the descriptors and indicators of the competences in question
must be secured.
The last, but not least, aspect to the
acquisition of language competences lies
in benchmarking. How can language pro-
grammes be improved? Sound competition, learning from best practices embodies the only way of achieving progress.
Without standardisation (to know what
we compare) and transparency (to understand what we compare) no development
can be achieved.
The international research project TALC
(Transparency in the Acquired Language
Competences, SK/05/B/F/LA-177427; for
more information on research teams see
www.euba.sk/talc) within Leonardo da
Vinci scheme is aimed not only at identification of language competences, but
also at publicizing the findings to ensure
their transparency. The research focuses
on language competences of the students
in management, business and engineering at C1 CEFR level. The resulting lists of
competences will be described in manuals for students, teachers/language programmes deliverers and employers to
ensure that each of the involved parties
understands the needed competences
as identified within the research and enhances their acquisition.
4.1. Methodology
Linguistic audit is used to identify the language competences in both the academic
and professional spheres in the above
mention fields of studies. However, the
novelty of the TALC approach lies in its
2-faceted character. Based on the experience of their own, the research team decided for primary needs analysis.
Interviews with open-ended questions
were used in the first phase. The respondents were field-lecturers, course coordinators and student exchange coordinators as well as to-be employers.
Based on the analyses of the responses,
two questionnaires (one for academic and
one for professional spheres) were drawn
up to gain wider number of responses.
Here, the analyses of the questionnaires
are expected to prove or modify the results of the interviews. In addition, ranking of individual competences is also envisaged.
To make the survey respondent-friendly, the genre approach (genre in this context is viewed as a type of text) is used
in the research, i.e. the respondents refer
to individual genres and describe individual competences within the genres. The
analysis of the responses results in two
thesauri of language competences in the
above mentioned fields, one for academic
sphere (i.e. for academic purposes), one
for professional sphere (i.e. for working
environment).
4.2. Preliminary results
The preliminary results show that wider
variety of genres is used in the professional sphere than in the academic one.
While 12 genres (plus various genres
within arrangements of mobility) with
62 descriptors of language competences
(can do statements) were identified for
the academic sphere, there were 22 genres (plus miscellaneous arrangements,
such as arranging for stays abroad, visits
from abroad etc.) with 93 descriptors of
language competences for the professional sphere.
When applying the genre approach,
language competence descriptors may
appear identical or similar in individual
genres. In reality, however, they represent different competences. Elementary
example might instantiate the difference:
to be able to take notes while listening to
52
a theoretical lecture embodies a competence (conceptual level of processing information), taking notes while listening to
a short practical presentation of a product (practical assessment of applicability
in wider context) embodies another competence and requires a different quality
of the language skill in question.
First of all, the preliminary results
show the complexity of the C1 level language competences identification. Without systematic needs analyses, however,
the language learning and teaching of the
nations’ elite will never improve. Leaving
language competences development with
the students and employees is unconceptual, unsystematic approach and, what is
clear, pure waste of their potential and
capacity.
Thus, move from theoretising on language competences importance to systematic identification of standards, introduction of transparency and thus pressure
on language programmes quality, change
of in-class language teacher profile based
on the identified needs (the teacher must
be capable to teach what practice needs)
and realistic expectations of the employers related to the applicants and recruits’
language competences becomes the obvious next step. TALC approach is the right
answer to the next phase of the European
Union language policy.
5. Research activities in Department of
Physics is devoted to the micro modelling
and computer simulations of materials
and structures. The aim this project is oriented to the research of modelling methods for materials and their structures
with accent towards the current applications in production and design processes.
The objects of the modelling and micro-
53
modelling are combined magnetic, mechanical, electrical and thermodynamic
physical effects. The works of project are
motivated by current real requirements
of other projects and by practice for utilization of materials in applications based
on interactions with electromagnetic
waves. Dominant research ideas are the
static and dynamic thermo-mechanical
effects of monocrystalic materials in combination with x-ray radiation. The content
of the project is in continuity to previous scientific activities of investigator’s
team and its international cooperation in
frame of COST actions (COST P7 and COST
MP0601) and VEGA grants.
The investigations are motivated by
works on research for optimization of xray optics of collaborative partners as are
Synchrotron Soleil (France), Institute of
Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences
and Institute of Electrical Engineering of
the Slovak Academy of Sciences.
The used scientific methods are specific in dependence of the process appearance and nature and on expected results
exploitation. The goals of project proposal
are in modelling of physical effects in materials (mainly in monocrystals) and structures of various materials. The specific
methods are used for implementation of
physical laws to the computing algorithms
of two or three dimensional models. Basic
computer simulation method is the Finite
elements method (FEM) applied in generally on a nonlinear ambient. The natural
phenomena are always nonlinear and
subject of modelling is inexhaustible.
The significant results in modelling
and computer simulations of x-ray interactions are:


modelling and computer simulations
of static thermomechanical effects on
monocrystalic Silicon target for x-ray
optics for monochromators.
modelling and computer simulations
of dynamic thermomechanical effects
on silicon target with respect to pulse
x-ray power absorption and its influence to x-ray diffraction.
Recent investigations are oriented to the
study of hysteresis in GMR structures
with connection to their electrical and
mechanical properties. Practical output
is the analysis of mechanical straining on
magnetoresistance characteristics of various GMR layer structures and utilization
of observations in new type of sensors.
Research of GMR layer structures is a
second research programme. Physical research of giant magnetoresistance (GMR)
layer structures was started in year 2000
in collaboration with Institute of Physics
of Slovak Academy of Sciences in frame of
VEGA grants. The aim of work is investigation of a physical phenomena connected
to the internal functions of the structures
and their exploitation to the new type of
sensors. The significant contributions are
expected in investigations of combined
magnetic, mechanical and electrical properties of GMR structures. The research
methods are based on practical verification of theoretical models by measurement of real structures.
The works are concentrated on study
of magnetic field effects in GMR nanolayers and analysis of inherent physical
phenomena on external electrical properties of the structure. The hysteresis of
magnetoresistance is studied by models based on Preisach hysteresis model
adapted to the peculiarity of GMR layer
structures. The obtained results are useful for understanding of connections between magnetic and electrical properties
of the structures in dependence of their
geometrical arrangement and production
technology.
54
instructions for Contributors
The journal publishes articles in English that describe or synthesise both theoretical
and empirical research in the natural, humanitarian, social, economic and technical
sciences.
The articles may be of two types:


papers – formal presentations of significant research results,
correspondence – general comments, brief description of latest results, letters to
the Editor.
Apart from the main articles, each issue may also contain essays, reviews of books and
international conferences held in the Slovak Republic and Russian Federation, together
with a section on research reports focusing on recently completed empirical work.
1. Contributors should submit two copies of each manuscript to be considered for
publication. In addition, the author should keep an exact copy so the editors can
refer to specific pages and lines if question arises. The manuscript should be double-spaced with wide margins. Manuscript will not be returned except for editorial
reasons.
2. The following information should be provided on the first page: the title, the author’s name and full address, an abstract - about 100 words. It should precede the
text and include brief statements on the problem, method, data, and conclusions.
In the case of a manuscript commenting on an article previously published in the
journal, the abstract should state the topics covered and central thesis. Below an
abstract the key words should be written.
3. If any of the findings reported in this manuscript have been published elsewhere,
or if there are plans to use any or all of the findings in other manuscript for publication, the author(’s) should explain the intent and the circumstances at the time of
first submission.
4. Reproductions of figures (graphs and charts) may be submitted for journal purposes, but figures must be supplied in their original source files if the manuscript is
accepted for publication. Tables, graphs and figures should be placed on individual
pages.
5. Avoid explanatory notes whenever possible by incorporating their content in the
text. For essential notes, identify them by with consecutive superscripts and list
them in a section titled Notes at the end of the text.
6. Principles of citation in the text. The name of the author, the year of publication and
the pages in parentheses. References should be placed in the end of the article in
the alphabetical order.
55
7. All manuscripts are blind reviewed. Accepted manuscripts are normally published
within 6 months of the acceptance. Each author receives one complimentary copy
of the issue in which his or her article appears and permission to reproduce additional copies of the article.
8. Accepted manuscript must be submitted electronically as Word file minimal formatting in Times New Roman. Do not use word-processing styles, forced section or
page breaks, or automatic footnotes. E-mail tables in one separate file and figures
in another separate file. Send a hard-copy version of text, tables and figures as back
up.
56

19 trends of science, research and university edu

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