TOEFL iBT VOCABULARY - TOEFL iBT Online Kursu

TOEFL iBT
VOCABULARY
DR. HİKMET ŞAHİNER
İÇİNDEKİLER
TOEFL iBT VOCABULARY .................................... 1
TOEFL iBT VOCABULARY TESTS .................... 205
ANSWER KEYS .................................................. 457
TOEFL iBT GLOSSARY OF SYNONYMS .......... 469
ÖNSÖZ
TOEFL iBT VOCABULARY kitabı, TOEFL iBT sınavına hazırlanan
kişilerin en fazla sıkıntı yaşadığı TOEFL Kelimelerini öğrenme
sürecini en kolay ve sistematik olarak yönetmelerine yardımcı
olmak amacıyla Dr. Hikmet Şahiner tarafından 10 yıllık bir emek
sonucunda titizlikle hazırlanmıştır.
İki ana bölümden oluşan TOEFL VOCABULARY kitabının ilk
bölümünde TOEFL iBT'de başarı için bilinmesi şart olan üst
düzey TOEFL kelimeleri eşanlamlı gruplar halinde toplam 33
ünite olarak verilmektedir. Her ünitenin ardından o ünitedeki
kelimelerle ilgili otantik ünite testleri vardır.
Kitabın ikinci bölümünde ise toplam 2500 otantik TOEFL iBT
Vocabulary sorusu 50şer soruluk 50 Test halinde sunulmaktadır.
Kitabın en sonunda ise bu testleri yaparken çok faydalı olacak
küçük bir TOEFL Sinonimler sözlüğü bulunmaktadır.
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TOEFL iBT
VOCABULARY
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TOEFL VOCABULARY
TOEFL VOCABULARY
enormous = devasa, büyük
UNIT 1
The estimated cost of the project was $5
million, which was an enormous sum of
money in those days.
immense = muazzam, devasa
rigorous I strict I harsh
I stringent I severe I rigid
Kings and nobles often hired professional
architects to design their immense palaces.
massive = büyük, devasa, masif
rigorous = sıkı, dikkatli, titiz
In the North, the machines spinning cotton
into textiles were worked by massive waves
of immigrants.
R
huge = kocaman, devasa
G
Academic policies declare strict
punishment for those guilty of plagiarism.
O
I
U
The Earth's crust is divided into huge
segments called plates.
harsh = ağır, şiddetli, acımacız
C
R
sizable = büyük, hatırı sayılır
Animals usually bury themselves in the
ground, where the temperature is less
harsh and water is easily found.
fl
oe
mammoth = kocaman, dev gibi
et
E
FL
severe = sert
These new plants grow into mammoth
blossoms that block out the sunlight to the
plants beneath.
O
in
Their research concluded that there was a
time of severe drought in the last sixteenth
century.
nl
tremendous = çok büyük, muazzam
w
w
T
S
The Victorian era promoted rigid forms of
etiquette.
.o
T
rigid = sert, katı
E
bulky = hantal, iri, büyük
Pterosaurs were not well adapted for active
flight due to their bulky size.
O
C
N
All travelers flying internationally are subject
to stringent restriction on items they can
bring on board in their carry-on luggage.
rg
E
LI
O
stringent = sıkı, sert
N
P
Y
The performing arts center regularly
receives sizeable donations from wealthy
family.
.o
strict = sert
S
H
E
T
The newly developed drug must undergo a
rigorous evaluation by the research team.
John Dewey's theories on philosophy and
education have had a tremendous impact
on thinkers.
colossal = devasa, kocaman
w
vast I enormous I immense
I massive I huge I sizable
I bulky I mammoth
I tremendous I colossal
I gigantic
Scientists warn that these colossal bodies
of rock and ice could hit Earth anytime.
gigantic = kocaman, devasa
The rotary press is an automated machine
that prints continuously on gigantic rolls of
paper.
vast = çok, büyük, geniş
Over 90 percent of the vast amount of
petroleum and natural gas we consume is
burned up as fuel.
3
DR. HİKMET ŞAHİNER
After heavy rainfall, the number of flies and
mosquitoes can be copious.
flourish I blossom I boom
profuse = bol, çok
I thrive I prosper
There is a profuse amount of thin branches
roots at the base of the plant.
flourish = gelişmek, serpilmek
ample = bol, çok, yeterli
The Indus Valley civilization flourished
between 2800 BC and 1800 BC, boasting
an advanced economic system.
Studies on our planets provide ample
evidence that they were bombarded by
smaller comets or meteorites shortly after
they had formed.
T
blossom = gelişmek
bountiful = bol, çok
boom = gelişmek
The palm tree is bountiful in Middle
Eastern countries and North Africa.
U
G
R
S
H
E
Major infrastructure projects are underway
to help Portugal's economy blossom.
C
R
O
I
Due to this new trend, the use of
aromatherapy products continues to boom.
Y
thrive = gelişmek
sporadic I patchy I spotty
LI
prosper = gelişmek
I infrequent I intermittent
fl
I irregular I uneven
oe
O
C
N
.o
Due to tourism and its various exports,
Hawaii has been able to prosper this past
decade.
O
I erratic I occasional
rg
P
N
E
Many seals thrive off the Californian coast.
E
FL
sporadic = tek tük, aralıklı
et
abundant I plentiful
The sporadic rainfall produced many small
ponds that bred thousands of flies and
mosquitoes.
O
in
I affluent I copious I profuse
nl
patchy = tek tük, aralıklı
.o
T
I ample I bountiful
w
T
S
abundant = bol, çok, dolu
plentiful = bol, çok, dolu
spotty = düzensiz, derme çatma
w
E
Colonists turned to brick making because
clay was abundant.
The animals consume large amounts of
short patchy plants like mosses that grow in
clusters on top of the frozen ground.
affluent = zengin
erratic = düzensiz, değişken
The affluent move out of a city center when
it becomes too congested.
The climate has been erratic over the past
thousand years, swinging from warm to
cold.
copious = bol, çok, dolu
occasional = arasıra olan, nadiren
w
Fishermen know that fish are not plentiful
in muddy and polluted waters.
The effects of many developing nations'
economics growth are spotty, as poor
sanitation and heavy unemployment still
exist.
4
TOEFL VOCABULARY
The volcano had occasional steam and ash
eruptions in May and June.
loom = görünmek, ortaya çıkmak
infrequent = seyrek, nadir
In the North and South, financial problems
loomed large.
Rainstorms in semiarid regions are usually
heavy and infrequent.
spring up = ortaya çıkmak
intermittent = aralıklı, kesik kesik
All over Europe, printing presses began to
spring up.
Insomnia can occur at intermittent periods
during a stressful time.
in proximity to I adjacent
I adjoining I immediate
E
T
irregular = bozuk, düzensiz
Those with irregular heartbeats should be
monitored often by doctors.
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I close to I in the vicinity of
U
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uneven = dengesiz, inişli çıkışlı
A growing problem in the world today is the
uneven distribution of food resources.
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in proximity to = yakın
E
FL
et
The adjoining chamber contained stores of
royal treasure.
crop up = ortaya çıkmak
in
immediate = yakın, bitişik, komşu
T
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appear = ortaya çıkmak, belirmek
Residents in the immediate vicinity of the
construction site complained about the
drastic noise level increase.
nl
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T
O
Local cinemas began to crop up only after
technology evolved to enable image
projection.
Animals associated with water frequently
appear in the prehistoric cave drawings.
close to = yakın
Most people living close to a large medical
facility will receive the best and most
immediate care.
w
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adjoining = bitişik
The art movement known as Dada
emerged after the First World War.
arise = çıkmak, yükselmek
Unlike the rest of the country, houses in
Pennsylvania and its adjacent areas widely
used stone in their construction.
fl
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emerge = ortaya çıkmak
rg
N
adjacent = yakın, bitişik, komşu
N
O
emerge I crop up I appear
I arise I loom I spring up
LI
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Y
C
Parents were extremely wary because the
crimes occurred in close proximity to the
local elementary school.
The smoke arising from the chimney
indicated the family was inside the house.
in the vicinity of = civar, yakınında, etraf
Areas in the vicinity of the airport have a
lower property value because of the noise
from airplanes taking off and landing.
5
DR. HİKMET ŞAHİNER
crucial = çok önemli
vital I essential
The weight issue in armor construction was
crucial.
I rudimentary
underlying = temel, esas, belli başlı
I indispensable
Although the war ended slavery, it failed to
resolve the underlying racial and
philosophical tensions.
I fundamental I necessary
I critical I crucial
integral = bütünleyici, tamamlayıcı
I underlying I integral
E
T
Games are an integral part of religious
festivals in Greece.
mandatory = zorunlu
R
To gain acceptance into the college, it is
mandatory that all candidates take the
entrance examination.
U
G
O
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Blood is vital to our survival, a fluid
necessary to sustain our bodies.
C
R
compulsory = zorunlu
essential = köklü, esaslı, temel
E
Y
Since 1991 in Sweden, it became
compulsory that 6 year old children must
attend school.
N
extant I existent I existing
fl
N
rudimentary = temel
C
rg
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LI
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Essential bodily processes can be shut
down if there are severe shortages of
hormones.
.o
vital = yaşamsal, hayati
S
H
I mandatory I compulsory
O
The weapons discovered in the cave
consisted of rudimentary wooden spears
and clubs.
et
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FL
oe
I surviving
indispensable = zaruri, gerekli,
vazgeçilmez
O
in
extant = hala var olan, kaybolmamış
nl
The Dead Sea Scrolls are the oldest extant
biblical manuscripts.
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.o
T
Kevlar equipment is considered
indispensable for police and army work in
modern times.
T
w
fundamental = temel, esaslı
One of the Seven Wonders of the World that
is still existent is the Great Pyramid of Giza.
w
Industrialization produced a fundamental
change in the very nature of work and how it
was organized.
existing = mevcut
w
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existent = var olan, mevcut
necessary = gerekli, elzem, zaruri
The journalist was sent down to South
America to investigate the last existing
cannibal tribe known to anthropologists.
The non-profit organization gathers
necessary supplies for the orphans, such
as foods and medicines, and transports
them to their villages.
critical = gerekli, elzem, zaruri
surviving = geriye kalan
The largest surviving medieval building in
Finland is Turku castle.
For imprinting to occur in ducklings, it is
critical a parent be present during the first
48 hours.
6
TOEFL VOCABULARY
5. Before the pharmaceutical company
can apply for a patent, the newly
developed drug must undergo a rigorous
evaluation by the research team.
UNIT TEST 1
(A) energetic
(B) instant
(C) stringent
(D) volatile
1. A vital skill for stage actors to possess
is voice control. The actor must be able
to transmit emotions through his or her
voice since the whole audience cannot
clearly see facial expressions.
6. Changes occur in Mars's atmosphere
every few months, but nothing accounts
for why dust storms on the planet crop
up. It has been postulated that chemical
reactions shift energy around, disturbing
the surface and resulting in the
phenomenon.
O
I
2. Animals in the tundra biome have
adapted to reproduce quickly during the
short summer period when resources are
abundant. After this, the animals migrate
south or go into hibernation until the
following spring.
C
R
7. Cottontails and grey foxes burrow into
shallow dens to seek refuge from
predators and the harsh winter. All
species learn to use the land and
environment surrounding them to their
advantage.
.o
oe
O
8. Exquisite patterns and surface
ornamentation were integral parts of late
Victorian art and architecture. American
designers and artists began
incorporating these developments into
their overall themes.
in
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.o
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(A) conceivable
(B) critical
(C) natural
(D) unforeseen
9. In 1900, a crowd of 8,000 people
surveyed the "horseless carriages" on
the opening day of the New York Auto
Show. This was the automobile
industry's first chance to show off its
wares to a sizable audience.
w
w
T
4. Automobile ownership was booming
during the post-war era, and it wasn't
solely the result of the craving of
Americans to drive. The federal
government was anxious to secure
prosperity, and assisted the consumer
industry both directly and indirectly.
E
fl
LI
N
O
C
3. At sporadic times, magma is ejected
through the layers of rock to settle near
the surface and create a rock deposit.
Underground, the extreme pressure put
on subterranean rocks causes shifting in
the original strata.
(A) luminous
(B) manual
(C) severe
(D) slim
rg
N
E
Y
P
(A) lavish
(B) plentiful
(C) rare
(D) spacious
(A) bizarre
(B) irregular
(C) original
(D) turbulent
S
U
G
(A) betray
(B) compel
(C) arise
(D) utter
R
H
(A) critical
(B) generous
(C) rigorous
(D) petty
E
T
Choose one that is closest in meaning to
the shaded word or phrase.
(A) arousing
(B) deflating
(C) inspiring
(D) prospering
(A) foreign
(B) mock
(C) rigid
(D) vast
7
DR. HİKMET ŞAHİNER
10. Once permanent communities were
established, the Ancient Puebloans
focused on developing their craft culture.
As a result, their art flourished, and is
exemplified in the variety of crafts and
pottery
today.
15. The submarine is very efficient as a
weapon of war at sea. Its tremendous
size, utility, fire power, and range to
navigate the ocean make it one of the
twentieth century's greatest inventions.
(A) agitated
(B) hasty
(C) immense
(D) popular
(A) arrested
(B) flaunted
(C) inflated
(D) thrived
R
U
G
O
I
C
R
17. Underground there exists a profuse
number of mites and springtails. These
minuscule insects lay their eggs on
subterranean vegetation.
in
nl
.o
w
w
w
T
S
E
T
(A) corrupt
(B) existing
(C) lengthy
(D) pensive
.o
oe
et
E
FL
(A) adhesive
(B) inaccurate
(C) negative
(D) strict
O
13. The lack of impact craters leads
scientists to believe that Venus once
witnessed intense volcanic activity.
Radar images show the presence of
many solidified lava flows, but there are
few extant active volcanic sites.
rg
N
18. California law has enforced the use of
antipollution devices on vehicles since
the 1950s. Plus, during the following two
decades, the federal government
introduced increasingly stringent
emission controls on motor vehicles.
O
(A) appear
(B) applaud
(C) colonize
(D) monitor
(A) bountiful
(B) cruel
(C) monotonous
(D) keen
fl
C
N
O
LI
P
12. The circadian rhythm of insects has
adapted through evolution to have them
emerge from their pupal cases around
dawn. The reason for this is that low
temperatures and moist air keep the new
insect from drying out.
E
Y
(A) genial
(B) intermittent
(C) mundane
(D) vacant
(A) close to
(B) in awe of
(C) in view of
(D) owing to
S
H
T
11. Spotty distribution of food to
locations around the world is a large
problem. Starvation is widespread in the
third world due to a number of factors,
and causes the mass migrations of
refugees.
E
16. Even more ominous is the effect that
wind turbine facilities have on the
function of radar. It is susceptible to
interference when used in proximity to
wind farm sites.
14. The recent research on the
prevention of strokes has led to several
breakthroughs. Doctors focused on
strokes that were caused by erratic heart
rhythms produced by blood clots.
(A) inane
(B) lunatic
(C) uneven
(D) unpleasant
8