Bony fishes

Walter Salzburger:
Bony fishes
Pough et al. “Vertebrate Life” (1999)
Rieger & Westheide “Spezielle Zoologie” (2004), Fig. 215
‣ 73% of the Earth’s surface is covered by water
‣ yet, only 0.01 % vol. of water is found in rivers and lakes
‣ 40 % of all bony fishes are found in freshwater
Fisheries and aquaculture (worldwide), in million tons
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Morphology & locomotion
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salmon
tuna
Musculature
Locomotion
‣ anguilliform, e.g. eel
‣ carangiform, e.g. trout
‣ ostraciiform, e.g. boxfish
Pough et al. “Vertebrate Life” (1999)
Locomotion
undulating
oscillating
Pough et al. “Vertebrate Life” (1999)
Feeding
“suction-feeding”
cichlid
(Serranochromis)
Pough et al. “Vertebrate Life” (1999)
Buoyancy
‣ streamline shape and constant swimming (e.g. sturgeon, tuna)
‣ in sharks (cartilaginous fish, Chondrichthyes): also lipid layers
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‣ buoyancy via swim bladder
swim bladder
Swim bladder
‣ internal, gas-filled buoyancy organ (oxygen; sometimes also
carbon dioxide)
‣ in teleosts and chondrosts
‣ homologous to the tetrapod lung
‣ active regulation of gas pressure via Rete mirabile
(‘Wundernetz’) in the gas gland
‣ in bottom dwelling fish: reduction of swim bladders
Swim bladder
real swim bladder (Chondrostei, Teleostei)
pulmonoid swim bladder (Ginglymodi,
Halecomorphi)
lung (Dipnoi)
lung (Polypteridae)
lung (Tetrapod)
Swim bladder
physostome swim bladder (e.g. eel)
physoclist swim bladder (e.g. perch)
Ductus pneumaticus
Rete mirabile
lateral line
Pough et al. “Vertebrate Life” (1999)
sensory organs
electric organ
“electric fish”
electric organ
electric signals
in mormyrids
circulation
‣ relative simple circulation system
‣ venous blood is transported from the heart to the gills,
and from there into the body
vein
gill
ventral
Aorta
liver
heart
gut
swim bladder
artery
circulation
heart:
‣ relative simple two-chamber-heart with thin-walled atrium and
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thick-walled ventricle
Sinus venosus
Atrium
Bulbus arteriosus
ventricle
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gills
gills
gills
gills
gills
gills
countercurrent
Forelle (20g) bei 8˚C
gills
countercurrent
water
O2-content
blood
O2-balance
distance