GH8.1.1 - Inter Training Services Ltd

Transcription

Handout
GH8.1.1
Part 1(1 of 4)
Your salon’s requirements for client preparation
It is important to ensure that the client’s
clothing is well protected before
shampooing, conditioning and treating hair
and scalp.
Can you suggest ways to improve your
salon’s gowning and preparation
procedure for shampooing, conditioning
and treating hair and scalp?
As a minimum it is recommended that the
routine below is followed:
Work station
•chair to be clean and dry, worktop to be
clean and tidy and free from hair
•products and equipment on display to be
clean and free from dust and debris
•tools to be cleaned, sterilised or
disinfected before use.
Client
•clean gown to be placed on the client
and properly secured
•clean, waterproof shoulder cape to be
placed over the client’s shoulders and
tied in position
•clean towel to be placed around the
client’s shoulders and secured to prevent
it from falling off.
State your salon’s procedure for preparing
clients for shampooing, conditioning and
treating hair and scalp.
© Copyright Habia 2009 - All rights reserved.
Notes
Handout
Part 2(2 of 4)
When and how to complete client records
It is important to keep records of clients so
that each client can be identified and the
services provided to them can be
accurately repeated. Any problems or
difficulties that occurred should also be
recorded in order that they can be avoided
on future occasions.
GH8.1.1
Contra-indications, responses to
questions:
Client records may be held on a
computerised or on a manual system.
Each client’s record should be brought
up-to-date as soon as the service is
complete. Client records should contain
the following information:
•full consultation records should be kept
to include a list of questions relating to
the client’s awareness of any medical
reason that would contra-indicate
shampooing or conditioning
•records of client’s responses to questions
– may be needed if disputes arise
•record of any other reason why
shampooing, conditioning and treating
hair and scalp would be contra-indicated.
Personal identification
information:
Consultation details - all
necessary information relating to:
•the hairdresser must be sure that s/he is
reading the correct record
•include the client’s name, address, email
address, contact telephone number, etc, to
avoid confusion with other clients.
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•
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Repetition of service, problems:
•enter full details of the service so that it
can be accurately repeated
•keep a record of any difficulties or
problems that occurred during the
treatment to ensure they are avoided on
subsequent treatments.
hair type, texture, length
hair condition
scalp condition
scalp and skin disorders
product allergies
client requirements
type of shampoo used
conditioning treatment carried out
hair and scalp treatment carried out
result of service
client satisfaction/dissatisfaction.
he Data Protection Act
t
relates to all records you
keep for clients.
Handout
GH8.1.1
Part 3 (3 of 4)
The person to whom you should report low levels of resources
Salons usually specify a person to take
note of any resources that need to be
reordered. This may be the salon owner/
manager or a senior member of staff.
You must find out the relevant person in
your salon and make sure that you notify
them in good time for them to be able to
reorder before supplies run out.
Name the person to whom you would
report low levels of resources to in your
salon:
Notes
Handout
GH8.1.1
Part 4 (4 of 4)
The person to whom you should report unrecognised hair
and scalp conditions
Sometimes when you are analysing the
hair and scalp it can difficult to recognise
certain hair and scalp conditions.
Even experienced hairdressers
and barbers sometimes ask colleagues for
their advice.
If you suspect a condition that you don’t
recognise you need to find out the relevant
person to notify.
Name the person in your salon to whom
you would report unrecognised hair and
scalp conditions:
If you don’t report
unrecognised hair and scalp conditions you
are putting the salon at risk from crossinfection or infestation.
Notes
Handout
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health
The Control of Substances Hazardous to
Health (COSHH) Regulations is one of the
regulations that stem from the Health &
Safety at Work Act.
COSHH means that there have to be
controls over the use of all chemicals or
other substances that could cause
damage to health or be a threat to the
safety of the people using them. The
damage to health could be caused by a
hazard or a risk that is present in the
salon.
Note the difference between a hazard and
a risk:
GH8.1.3
Your salon will have carried out a risk
assessment of the products held or used
within it and this will give you specific
information about how to handle them and
any precautionary requirements of the
products.
All salon workers must comply with the
COSHH requirements to store, handle,
use and dispose of hairdressing and
barbering substances properly.
If you use the acronym SHUD (store,
handle, use dispose of) you may find it
easier to remember what the requirements
are.
A hazard is something that could be
harmful, a risk is when the chance of
harm being caused is increased.
Store
For example, shampoo is a hazard
because it is a substance that can cause
damage (dermatitis) to the skin. The risk
of damage is increased if the shampoo is
allowed to remain on the skin. The
identification of this problem is called risk
assessment.
Dispose of………..
Salon owners must carry out a risk
assessment to help them to decide the
best way of controlling the substance and,
therefore, of reducing the risk. When
hairdressers do a risk assessment it can
help them to identify the potentially
harmful products in the salon and what to
do in the case of:
•accidental spillage
•ingestion (swallowing)
•entry to the eyes
•damage to the skin.
Handle
Use
COSHH tells you how you SHUD work.
Session 1
Shampoo, condition and treat the hair and scalp
Learner Check
Session 1
1Why must the client’s clothing be
protected before shampooing,
conditioning and treating hair and
scalp?
2What must you do with your tools
before using them on a client?
3When should the client’s record be
brought up-to-date?
4Why must you notify low levels of
resources in good time?
5What is your salon’s allocated
service time for shampooing short to
medium length hair?
6
What does SHUD stand for?
7What are your legal responsibilities
under COSHH?
8What is the difference between a
hazard and a risk?
9What must you do if you identify a
faulty piece of electrical equipment?
10List the three main requirements of
the Data Protection legislation.
Se
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3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
GH8
Product Used
Date
16 July
Date/comment
Equipment Used
Date/comment
slightly porous on ends
Date/comment 11 June slightly porous on ends
Date/comment 16 June slightly porous on ends
Porosity test
Date/comment 17 May
Ultra rich moisturising shampoo
Accelorator
Ultra rich moisturising conditioner
Date/comment 11 June slightly
reduced from perm
Date/comment 11 June slightly
reduced from perm and colour treatment
elasticity
Elasticity test
Date/comment 17 May good Test
Client Record Card
Name Claire Cheeseman
Address 1 Worthington Road, Newtown, Huntingdon, H17 7JT
Telephone Number 01693 7931470
Client Record
Date/comment
Winding technique used
Petrissage for 5 minutes
conditioning treatments
Comments
Have recomended course of Date/comment
Not applicable
GH8.1.1
Not required virign hair
Date/comment 11 June
No incompatabilities
Incompatibility test
Date/comment 17 May
Slide
Slide
Electricity at Work Regulations
GH8.1.4
Eden Electrical Ltd
Equipment Register for Cutting It Salon
Equipment Description
Location
Date:
Report:
Serial No.
12/05/03
03
Full Check Full Check
No.
Last Date
Next Date
001
Hood Dryer
Salon
3-1226
12/05/03
13/05/04
002
Hood Dryer
Salon
3-1227
12/05/03
13/05/04
003
Hood Dryer
Salon
42-17-18
12/05/03
13/05/04
021
Hand Dryer
Salon
42-17-19
12/05/03
13/05/04
022
Hand Dryer
Salon
42-17-20
12/05/03
13/05/04
023
Hand Dryer
Salon
42-17-21
12/05/03
13/05/04
025
Hand Dryer
Salon
42-17-22
12/05/03
13/05/04
075
Clippers
Salon
9847
12/05/03
13/05/04
076
Clippers
Salon
9848
12/05/03
13/05/04
113
Dishwasher
Kitchen
985/37661
12/05/03
13/05/04
114
Microwave
Kitchen
985/37662
12/05/03
13/05/04
115
Kettle
Kitchen
985/37663
12/05/03
13/05/04
116
Washing Machine
Laundry
12-56-468
12/05/03
13/05/04
117
Coffee Machine
Kitchen
958/85548
12/05/03
13/05/04
205
Tumble Dryer
Laundry
452/5687
12/05/03
13/05/04
79
Accelerator
Salon
KL68358
12/05/03
13/05/04
87
Curling tongs
Salon
957637
12/05/03
13/05/04
88
Curling tongs
Salon
957638
12/05/03
13/05/04
90
Straighteners
Salon
132645QT
12/05/03
13/05/04
91
Straighteners
Salon
132646QT
12/05/03
13/05/04
226
heated Rollers
Salon
8463
12/05/03
13/05/04
98
Hot Brush
Salon
G5736
12/05/03
13/05/04
99
Rechargeable Salon
98/23/964
12/05/03 Clippers
13/05/04
66
Computer
13/05/04
Staff Room
12/34/56
12/05/03
Handout
Electricity at Work Regulations
The purpose of these regulations is to
ensure that electrical equipment is
adequately maintained and checked by a
qualified person. A written record of the
equipment tests should be kept and
should be made available for inspection.
State the name of the person in your salon
to whom you would report faulty electrical
equipment.
It is important to visually check if the
equipment is safe for use by checking the
flex and the plug. The equipment should
only be used for its intended purpose and
you should make sure that you know how
to use it.
When you have finished with the
equipment, switch off, remove from the
power source and store the equipment
safely away.
It is your responsibility to ensure that any
faulty equipment you find in your
workplace is removed from use, labelled
as faulty and reported to a relevant
person.
Questions
If you were unsure of how to use an
accelerator or steamer used to help the
conditioning process, how would you find
out the correct way to use it?
GH8.1.4
Notes
Handout
The Data Protection Act
Any organisation that keeps information on
record about people (staff or clients) must:
What may happen if you allow someone to
see confidential information about another
person?
•register with the Data Protection
Registrar
•ensure that all information is accurate
and up-to-date
•provide access to the person’s own
record if requested
The reason why the Data Protection Act
was introduced was to protect people from
the possible results of inaccurate or out of
date information being held on them – this
can, among other things, affect a person’s
credit rating, medical treatments or
employment opportunities.
Anyone can ask to see their record and it
is the responsibility of the organisation to
provide access to it but, no one has the
right to see the records relating to another
person.
Questions
Give an example of what might happen if
the wrong information about a person’s
employment history is entered on to a
record.
GH8.1.5
Notes
Activity
Organisational chart
GH8.1.1
Enter the name of each member of staff in your salon. Show their title eg, salon
manager, stylist, etc, and their responsibilities eg, training, stock ordering, salon
cleanliness or client care. Highlight the member of staff to whom you would report low
levels of resources and unrecognised hair and scalp conditions.
Handout
Contact dermatitis
Contact dermatitis is an occupational
hazard for hairdressers. It means that the
skin becomes dry and inflamed due to
frequent contact with detergents such as
shampoo. It occurs because
hairdressers’ hands are very often in water
and the effect is made worse when
detergents are added. The result is that
the protective coating of sebum – the
skin’s natural oil, is removed, leaving the
skin dry and prone to cracking.
When the skin cracks it leaves an open
path through which bacteria can enter and
this sometimes results in an infection. If
the skin does not become infected, it will
become red, sore and, sometimes, itchy.
Young hairdressers, whose hands are
often in water when shampooing and
conditioning, should ensure that their
hands are properly protected by wearing
vinyl or nitrile gloves. It is also beneficial
to moisturise the hands regularly.
Protective clothing and materials
for clients
You must make sure that the client’s
clothing is well protected before
shampooing and conditioning. As a
minimum it is recommended that the
routine below is followed:
Protective clothing and materials used
when shampooing and conditioning hair
are:
•towels
•gowns
•waterproof gowns
•shoulder capes.
GH8.2.1
Ensure that all protective clothing and
materials are securely placed and that the
client is comfortable before proceeding
with the shampoo and conditioning
treatment.
Make sure that the towel is kept beneath
the edge of the basin – the skin should be
in contact with the basin, not the towel. If
the towel or gown is allowed to come
above the level of the basin it will quickly
become wet. When it gets wet, capillary
action carries the water down the towel or
gown on to the client’s clothing.
Clients often pull the towel up high around
their neck in the belief that it will keep
them dry. The opposite is the result, by
doing this they are far more likely to
become wet than if they keep a snug
contact between their neck and the basin.
Which is most waterproof – the towel or
the client’s skin?
Activity
Demonstration of capillary action
By using a piece of blotting paper or
strong tissue, you can see how capillary
action takes water from molecule to
molecule up the paper or tissue.
You see the same thing happen on cloth
such as a towel or gown.
Note that when you watch this activity, the
paper is drawing water upwards, against
the pull of gravity. It is easier for the water
to travel through paper or cloth when it is
going downwards (as in the shampooing
service).
Following the demonstration by your
trainer, use some blotting paper or strong
tissue to draw water into the paper or
tissue yourself.
this is how clients’ clothing
becomes wet during
shampooing and
conditioning.
GH8.2.1
State here the correct procedure and
positioning for the client during
shampooing and conditioning to ensure
you avoid wetting their clothes.
Handout
GH8.2.2
Positioning yourself and the client to minimise fatigue and
the risk of injury
You must make sure that you stand
correctly when shampooing and
conditioning if you are to minimise the risk
of becoming tired very quickly and
possibly causing long term damage to
your muscles. In addition, if your posture
is correct, a better working position is
achieved. This will help you to increase
your working speed and become more
effective in the salon.
You should stand with legs straight and
feet slightly apart to maintain balance and
even distribution of your weight. Try to
remain relaxed, keep your head up and
avoid stretching or bending.
It is important to ensure that the client’s
position is correct – for a backwash basin,
if the client is not seated comfortably they
will get wet and may also suffer neck pain.
You must make sure that the basin is
correctly positioned and that the client can
recline fully into it. If they have to stretch,
it can cause pressure on the neck, and, in
extreme cases, this can cause injury. For
frontwash basins, give the client a towel to
protect their eyes from shampoo.
When you become tired you lose
concentration. This causes you to become
slower and less effective. Good
positioning allows you to work on clients
more easily and efficiently.
Discuss with your trainer and colleagues
which muscles are most likely to be
damaged if your posture is incorrect while
working.
Will it be your:
•shoulders?
•neck?
•back?
•legs?
•arms?
•feet?
The safety considerations which must be
taken into account when shampooing,
conditioning and treating the hair and
scalp.
You must follow the basic rules relating to
safety when you shampoo, condition and
treat the hair and scalp:
•ensure that your client’s clothing is
properly protected and that you protect
yourself by wearing Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) when necessary
•conduct any necessary tests (porosity,
elasticity)
•check and follow the manufacturer’s
instructions
•ensure complete removal of products at
the end of the service
Slide
How to position yourself and the client
GH8.2.2
O
O
O
P
Handout
GH8.2.4
The importance of thoroughly rinsing hair to remove
products at the end of the service
All shampoo and conditioning products
must be properly removed from the hair at
the end of the process. If you don’t rinse
out the shampoo or conditioner it could:
•create a barrier to further services
•cause irritation to the skin and scalp
•cause deterioration of hair condition
•have an unsatisfactory effect on
subsequent services
•leave the hair dull, lank and greasy
Which chemical service is most likely to
be adversely affected if conditioner is left
in the hair?
Notes
Handout
GH8.2.5a
Methods of working safely and hygienically
The importance of keeping your
work area clean and tidy
As a professional hairdresser it benefits
you and your salon if you keep up a good
appearance. This applies to your work
area as well as to your own appearance.
If your work area is untidy and dirty the
client is likely to think that they are not
going to get a good service. If it is always
clean and tidy it will create a professional
image of the salon and of yourself.
A dirty work area allows bacteria to
multiply and infections are likely to be
spread from one client to another or
between client and hairdresser. You have
a duty to provide a hygienic environment
for clients and by so doing you will
minimise the risk of spreading infection.
An untidy work area often contains
hazards which can include:
•loose, trailing wires
•hot electrical tools balanced on narrow
shelves
•towels and gowns draping over chairs.
By keeping work areas tidy the hazards
are reduced.
Summary:The reasons why work areas
should be left clean and tidy
are:
•to keep up a professional image of
yourself and the salon
•to reduce the risk of passing infection
from person to person
•to lessen hazards and the risk of
infection.
Whose responsibility is it to ensure that
the work area is left clean and tidy?
Methods of working safely and
hygienically
The Health & Safety at Work Act requires
that all people work safely. This is to help
prevent accidents. We also have a duty to
our clients to provide a hygienic
environment in which they can have their
hair done. This is to reduce the spread of
disease.
Handout
GH8.2.5b
Methods of working safely and hygienically
You must ensure that you:
•carry out any necessary tests before the
shampooing and conditioning treatment
•use clean protective materials
•clean disinfect and sterilise tools
•position the client for comfort and ease
of working
•read and follow the manufacturer’s
instructions
•keep work area clean and tidy
throughout the service
•dispose of all waste according to local
bye-laws and salon requirements
•thoroughly remove all shampoo and
conditioner or hair and scalp treatment at
the end of the service.
By following the above guidelines you can
help to ensure that you work safely and
hygienically and that clients can have their
hair done in a healthy, safe and hygienic
salon.
Notes
Handout
The importance of personal hygiene
The most important thing a client wants
when they come to a salon is good
hairdressing. If the hairdresser provides a
good service to a high standard then the
client is likely to return. However, if the
hairdresser does not ensure that their
personal hygiene is of the same high
standard as their hairdressing the client
may not come back. Body odour (BO) can
be the result of insufficient cleanliness.
Human skin contains sweat glands that
secrete waste in the form of sweat.
Bacteria need warm, moist conditions to
be able to multiply. There are lots of
harmless bacteria in the sweaty, warm
folds of the body – the groin, under the
breasts and in the armpits. When bacteria
die they decompose and decay, and this is
what causes odour.
If a person washes thoroughly at least
every 24 hours it is unlikely that they will
have BO unless they do not change their
clothing. All clothing that comes into
contact with the skin, especially the type
that is in contact with the armpits and
groin, must be changed once a day. The
clothing absorbs sweat and if this is not
washed or dry cleaned out of the fabric it
will smell.
Some people try to cover the smell of
unwashed skin or clothing by using
deodorants. It is not possible to do this –
the odour is still noticeable to others
although the person themselves may not
be aware of it. Antiperspirants and
deodorants are designed to be used on
clean skin and should never be applied to
unwashed skin.
GH8.2.6
Oral hygiene must be kept up by
frequently brushing your teeth and visiting
the dentist regularly to ensure that you
have no decaying teeth. Bad teeth can
cause bad breath.
Dirty hands and fingernails could carry
infectious diseases or infestations from
one client to another. Therefore it is
important to ensure that your hands are
sanitised between clients.
Hairdressing is a very personal service
and the personal hygiene and appearance
of the people who work in the industry is
of great importance.
You must pay close attention to:
Personal Hygiene
•daily shower or bath
•the use of antiperspirants and
deodorants
•oral (mouth) hygiene.
Personal Appearance
•hair and make-up
•hands and nails
•shoes
•jewellery
•posture.
Why must you change your clothing every
day?
Handout
GH8.2.7
The importance of checking electrical equipment used to
aid the conditioning and treatment process
Manufacturers often recommend the use
of an accelerator or steamer to aid the
conditioning process.
Which equipment is available for you to
use in your salon to aid the conditioning
process?
An accelerator gives off heat from infrared
bulbs and a steamer provides steam.
Both pieces of equipment help the
conditioning process by raising the cuticle
to allow the conditioner to get underneath
it and, in the case of penetrating
conditioners, to get inside the hair.
What would you look for when making a
visual check of the plug and flex?
The Electricity at Work Regulations state
that all electrical equipment must be
checked by a qualified person, kept in
good repair and removed from use if
faulty. It should only be used for its
intended purpose and you must make sure
that you know the proper way to use it.
It is necessary to make a visual check of
the plug and flex before using any
electrical equipment. This is to make sure,
as far as you can, the electrical equipment
is in good working order. This can lessen
the risk of causing harm (electric shock) to
yourself or your client.
If equipment is not kept in good repair
other, less obvious, problems can occur.
For example:
•if some of the bulbs/lamps in an
accelerator do not function it means that
less heat will be applied to that area of
the head and this can cause an uneven
result
•if the equipment overheats it could result
in burns to the client’s scalp.
Slide
GH8.2.6a
Slide
GH8.2.6b
Hygiene
• d
aily shower or bath and change of clothing – this is essential to
ensure personal freshness
•the use of antiperspirants and deodorants – use only on clean skin
•oral (mouth) hygiene – bad teeth can cause bad breath, brush
frequently and visit the dentist regularly.
Appearance
•hair and make-up – hair must be clean and worn in a suitable style,
make-up should be appropriate to your salon’s requirements
•hands and nails must be clean and kept in good condition, if nail
varnish is worn it should not be chipped
• shoes – must be clean and in good repair
•jewellery – should be appropriate to your salon’s requirements but
should not create a risk of causing harm to yourself or the client, eg,
by getting caught in equipment
•posture – do not slouch, stand relaxed but with your back straight.
Handout
GH8.2.8
The methods of cleaning, disinfection and sterilisation
used in salons - (1 of 2)
There are three ways of sterilising tools
and equipment in a hairdressing salon:
•heat, either moist or dry
•chemicals
•UV light rays.
Moist heat
This is a very effective method of
sterilising tools, even cutting tools. It is
created by the use of an autoclave. This
is a piece of equipment that heats water to
a very high temperature – higher than
boiling point. It creates what is known as
super-heated steam and this is hot enough
to quickly kill most common bacteria found
in salons. Autoclaves are used by doctors,
dentists, chiropodists and nursing
professionals.
Small, hand held, tools are put into the
autoclave, it is sealed and the water inside
it is brought to the required temperature.
The temperature is maintained for the time
necessary to ensure that all bacteria are
dead then the water is allowed to cool
before the tools are removed.
The main disadvantage for this method of
sterilisation is that you must ensure that
you have sufficient supplies of tools to
allow you to work on other clients while
the autoclave is in use. Another
disadvantage is that you must buy combs
that can withstand very high temperatures.
Hairdressers sometimes ask if the steam
will cause their cutting tools to rust – this
does not happen. The steam evaporates
quickly, leaving the tools dry, the same
way that dishwashers leave cutlery dry.
Dry heat
This method of sterilisation is rarely used
in salons. It is a method that uses an
oven to create high temperatures.
Although bacteria are effectively killed by
this method, tools can be damaged
because they are held in the heat for an
extended time.
Chemicals- disinfectant
This method is often used in salons and is
effective if used correctly. Tools must be
cleaned and washed before placing into
the disinfectant solution to prevent the dirt
on them contaminating the solution. The
disinfectant must fully cover the item, so
you must ensure the jar is full. The tools
must be left in the disinfectant for
manufacturers’ recommended time.
When using this method of disinfection,
you must have enough spare tools to allow
for the disinfection time required.
Notes
Handout
GH8.2.8
The methods of cleaning, disinfection and sterilisation
used in salons - (2 of 2)
UV light rays
This method of sterilisation uses Ultra
Violet (UV) light rays to kill bacteria. Tools
are cleaned then placed into a UV cabinet
and the light sterilises those areas that it
reaches. This means that you must turn
the item so that all surfaces are treated.
Busy hairdressers and barbers don’t
always do this so the method loses much
of its effectiveness. The time needed to
kill all bacteria using this method varies
according to the cleanliness of the tools.
UV cabinets are useful for storing presterilised tools and not recommended for
sterilising in a salon.
Notes
Handout
GH8.2.9
The importance of questioning clients to establish any
contra-indications to hair and scalp treatment services and
the importance and legal significance of client questioning
During the consultation tell the learners
you will be questioning the client to find
out if they have any contra-indications that
would prevent a hair or scalp treatment
from being carried out.
Contra-indications that may prevent a hair
or scalp treatment from being carried out
are:
• any cuts and abrasions on the scalp
• any sign of infections or infestations
• conditions such as eczema or skin
allergies
• if the client is feeling unwell or has
a medical condition
• if the client has a very greasy scalp
– a scalp massage will stimulate the
sebaceous glands and could make
the condition worse.
After consulting with and questioning the
client, all details of any contra-indications
and responses to questions must be
recorded on the client’s record card for
future reference.
If these details are not recorded you may
be putting the salon at risk from legal
action – for example a client may have a
reaction to a hair and scalp treatment and
decide to seek compensation. If your
salon cannot prove they were not
negligent they would lose any legal action.
What could be the result of any legal
action?
Notes
Session 2
Shampoo and condition hair and scalp
Learner Check
Session 2
1What might happen if you don’t
follow the basic rules of safety
relating to shampooing and
conditioning?
1
2What conditions do bacteria need in
order to be able to multiply?
2
3What sort of hazards can be found
in an untidy work area?
3
4What causes contact dermatitis?
4
5
What causes body odour (BO)?
5
6How long does it take for BO to
develop?
6
7What should you never do to cover
BO?
7
8What may happen if you apply
gentle heat to one side of a head
and not the other while a conditioner
is processing?
8
9What must you do with your tools
before putting them into a
disinfectant jar?
9
10Which sort of sterilising method is
rarely used in salons?
10
11. Why should responses to clients
questions be recorded?
11
GH8
Handout
Hair Structure - Disentangling Hair
In order to understand how to correctly
disentangle wet hair you first need to know
how the outer layer of the hair, the cuticle,
is constructed.
The hair can be likened to a pencil:
•the lead is like the medulla - the central
core of the hair
•the wooden part is like the cortex - the
main part of the hair where all chemical
changes take place
•the paint of the pencil can be likened to
the cuticle of the hair – the outer coating.
The Cuticle
The cuticle is the part that we can feel, it is
the part that becomes damaged by harsh
treatment, poor quality products and too
much heat. It is made up of scales that
overlap and lie flat. They overlap from
root to point so that the hair feels smooth
when you stroke it towards the points but
more rough if you run your fingers from
points to roots, against the lie of the
cuticle.
Certain things will cause the cuticle to lift
out from the surface of the hair:
•if it becomes damaged
•when it becomes wet
•when heat is applied to it
•when alkalis are applied to it
When hair is shampooed it is made wet by
the water and the shampoo. The hair is
heated because the water is warm. This
makes the cuticle raise slightly. The
raised scales will catch on each other and
the hair may become tangled.
GH8.3.1
If you treat the hair harshly at this time it
will damage the cuticle. You must take
care to disentangle it gently and without
stretching it or putting stress on to it. This
is particularly important when the hair is
long or if it is already damaged.
Detangling the hair from points to
roots
Always use a wide toothed comb and
remove tangles by working gently from
points to roots. This means that you take
a small piece of hair, and, supporting it in
one hand to prevent the hair pulling at the
scalp, comb out the tangles on the ends.
Then move up the hair shaft a little,
towards the roots, and repeat the process.
Continue to disentangle the hair, taking
small sections at a time until all the hair is
combed through.
Slide
A human hair
GH8.3.1
Medulla
Cortex
Cuticle
Handout
GH8.3.2
How to identify hair and scalp conditions and their causes
(Page 1 of 2)
A hairdresser or barber identifies the client’s hair and scalp condition during the
consultation; this helps them to decide which shampoo and conditioning product should
be used to treat the client’s hair and scalp.
Give a description of how you would recognise the following hair and scalp conditions and
include the cause:
Hair condition
Chemically treated
Heat damaged
Environmentally damaged
Product build up
Normal
Description
Cause
Handout
GH8.3.2
How to identify hair and scalp conditions and their causes
(Page 2 of 2)
Scalp conditions
Dandruff affected
Oily
Dry
Product build up
Normal
Description
Cause
Handout
GH8.3.3
How shampoo and water act together to cleanse the hair
When hair becomes dirty it is because
grease from the scalp has spread down
the hair shaft and dust and dirt stick to it.
Products that have been applied to the
hair such as wax, hair spray and gel, have
the same effect.
It is difficult to remove this greasy dirt if we
only use water because oil (grease) and
water will not mix. We must use
something that will allow them to mix.
A detergent is an emulsifying agent – it
allows two immiscibles to mix.
Immiscibles are things that cannot mix,
like oil and water. The detergent allows
the oil from the scalp and the water from
the tap to mix.
Shampoo is a detergent and is made up of
a material with molecules that have waterloving heads and grease-loving tails.
When applied to greasy, dirty hair the
water-loving heads attach themselves to
the water and the grease-loving tails
attach themselves to the grease. When
the shampoo/water mixture is rinsed out of
the hair it takes the grease and dirt with it,
leaving the hair clean.
Another effect of a detergent is that it
reduces the surface tension of water.
Surface tension is the result of air
pressure on the surface of water, the water
forms a ‘skin’ around itself and this
prevents the water coming into really close
contact with its surroundings.
Shampoo reduces this surface tension so
that the water can get closer to the hair
and this helps to remove hairspray and
other hairdressing products. When hair is
shampooed it becomes more wet than it
would if water alone was used. This is
because the surface tension has been
reduced by the detergent so the water can
get closer to the hair, therefore, making it
wetter.
Detergent reduces the surface tension of
water
Detergent removes grease from the hair
during shampooing
GH8.3.4
Handout
The pH scale
pH – What is it?
The degree of acidity and alkalinity of a substance is measured on a pH scale. The scale
is numbered from pH0 – pH14. pH7 is neutral. This means it is neither acid nor alkaline.
<
acids
0
1
2
3
4
5
>neutral<
|
6
7
8
alkalis
9
10
11
>
12
13
14
To help you remember which numbers relate to acid and alkali:
•The word ‘acid’ has only a little number of letters in it. It relates to the part of the scale
with only little numbers. That is pH0 - pH6.9
•The word ‘alkali’ has a bigger number of letters in it. It relates to the part of the scale
with the bigger numbers. That is pH7.1 – pH14
that 7 is neutral.
Distilled water is
neutral – it is neither
acid, nor alkaline
Hair is naturally slightly acidic. It has a pH of 4.5 – 5.5.
•If a mild alkali is applied to the hair it will cause the cuticle to lift. This will make the hair
look dull and will make it feel rough and dry.
•If a mild acid is applied to the hair it will close the cuticle and make the hair feel smooth
and look healthy
•If either a strong acid or a strong alkali is applied to hair it will cause damage. The
degree of damage will depend on the existing condition of the hair and the strength of
the chemical applied.
Slide
Detergent action
GH8.3.3
5
>neutral<
|
6
7
8
9
10
11
alkalis
12
13
14
Remember that 7 is neutral. Water is neutral – it is neither acid, nor alkaline
The word ‘alkali’ has a bigger number of letters in it. It relates to the part of the scale
with the bigger numbers. That is pH7.1 – pH14
>
GH8.3.4
The word ‘acid’ has only a little number of letters in it. It relates to the part of the scale
with only little numbers. That is pH0 - pH6.9
<
acids
0
1
2
3
4
The pH scale
Slide
Activity
GH8.3.4
pH value of shampoo, conditioner and treatment products
products
Part 1
Create a chart to list the shampoos,
conditioning products and equipment used
in your training salon or workplace. The
chart may be created manually or by using
a computer.
On the chart, identify:
•the types of shampooing, conditioning
and treatment products you have
available to use
•the hair types suitable for treatment by
each product.
Then state:
•the equipment you have available to use
for shampooing or conditioning
treatments
•the circumstances in which each piece of
equipment would be used
•how the products and equipment would
be used
•how the formulations of products are
varied to suit different hair and scalp
conditions.
Part 2
Your trainer has provided you with a
selection of the products used in your
training salon. The selection covers a
range of shampoos, conditioners and
treatments for different hair and scalp
conditions.
Using pH paper supplied by your trainer,
test each product and record its pH value
against its name on the chart created at
Part 1.
Discuss the results with your trainer and
colleagues.
Handout
GH8.3.5
The effects of water and temperature on the scalp and
structure of the hair
It is important to ensure that the force of
the flow of the water and the temperature
of the water does not cause damage to
the hair or scalp and is comfortable for the
client.
Water temperature
•if the water is too hot it will burn the
scalp
•hot water may damage the hair by
causing the cuticle to lift out too far from
the hair
•if the water is too cool it will not clean the
hair or scalp effectively
Force of flow
•if the force of the flow of water is too fast
and strong it may cause discomfort to
the client or scalp
•if it is too fast and strong it may raise the
cuticle from the surface of the hair
•if the force of the flow of water is too
weak or slow it may not thoroughly rinse
out products
Notes
Handout
GH8.3.6
How and why the ‘build-up’ of products can affect the hair,
scalp and the effectiveness of other services
The reason for product ‘build-up’ on the
hair and scalp is ineffective removal of the
product during normal shampooing. This
may be because shampooing is not done
often enough, the massage used was
ineffective, or insufficient shampoo
products were used.
If products such as hair spray, leave-in
conditioners, wax, moisturisers or gel are
allowed to build-up on the scalp and the
surface of the hair it will have the following
effects:
•the hair will look dull
•it may feel dry and sometimes sticky
•it may feel greasy and sometimes sticky
•the hair will tangle more easily and may
break during brushing or combing
•the scalp will feel itchy
•dirt will stick to the built-up products
•the build-up will provide a breeding
ground for bacteria to be created on the
scalp.
The effect that a build-up of products has
on other services is that:
•chemicals may be unable to enter the
cortex to do their work because a buildup may cause a barrier
•styling will be hindered due to the hair
being coated with product
•cutting may be made more difficult
because the hair may not be able to be
combed properly and you may not be
able to see the natural movement of the
hair.
Notes
Handout
GH8.3.7
How the formulations of shampoos and conditioners vary
to suit different hair conditions - (1 of 2)
In order to achieve the best effect from
shampoos and conditioners you should
choose those products that are suitable for
the hair and scalp or the condition that you
are trying to help.
• product build up:
- use a clarifying shampoo that is deep acting to remove styling products and dirt, also use before a chemical treatment
Shampoos
Shampoos come in various forms, for
example, liquids, creams, and gels.
The following examples of formulations
have been designed to suit specific
conditions:
•normal hair:
-herbal shampoos containing such
extracts as rosemary, soya
- soapless shampoos
•dry hair (including chemically, heat of environmentally damaged): -shampoos containing jojoba, coconut,
almond oil
- oil shampoos
•dry scalp:
•products that include juniper extracts,
coal tar
•oil-based products containing eg,
coconut, almond, olive oils
•greasy (oily) hair and scalp:
-shampoos containing camomile, citric
acid (eg, orange, lemon, lime)
- soapless shampoos
•dandruff affected scalp:
-treatment shampoos containing zinc
pyrithione, selenium sulphide
Notes
Handout
GH8.3.7
How the formulations of shampoos and conditioners vary
to suit different hair conditions - (2 of 2)
Conditioners
There are three types of conditioners –
surface, penetrating (restructurants) and
scalp treatments some are dual action that
combine both types.
Surface conditioners will close the cuticle,
which will make the hair shiny and more
manageable.
Penetrating conditioners will improve the
general condition of the hair, smooth the
cuticle and replace lost moisture. Some
will also ‘repair’ the hair. This is done by
the temporary replacement of some of the
bonds in the hair responsible for its
elasticity. The bonds replaced have often
been damaged by physical or chemical
treatments.
Scalp treatments are designed to resolve
specific scalp conditions.
Conditioners are made in many forms, for
example, creams, oils, liquids or mousses.
Conditioners are formulated to help or
correct certain conditions:
•dry hair and scalp:
-often contain moisturisers, lanolin,
vegetable oils, mineral oils
-some contain acidic materials such as
acetic and citric acids
•damaged hair:
-penetrate the hair to repair internal
damage
-contain moisturisers, emollients,
protein
•greasy hair and scalp:
-contain astringent lotions to help
reduce the production of sebum
-other ingredients may be borax or
ammonium hydroxide
•dandruff affected hair and scalp:
-include coal tar or sulphur derivatives
-some are based on zinc pyrithione
Always analyse the client’s hair and scalp
and follow the manufacturer’s instructions.
Notes
Handout
GH8.3.8
How heat affects the hair during the conditioning
treatment, how shampoos and conditioners affect the hair
and scalp and the purpose and benefits of scalp massage
How heat affects the hair
Heat works in two ways, it:
• develops the treatment – if the product
was applied without added heat and
left at room temperature it may not
work as well
• opens the cuticle to allow a deeper
penetration of the product.
Always read and follow the manufacturers’ instructions for the application methods of conditioning treatments.
What equipment can be used to apply
heat during a treatment?
The main effects of conditioners on the
hair and scalp are:
• smooths the cuticles
• improves the appearance - gives the
hair softness and shine
• balances the pH value of the hair and
restores moisture to the hair
• improves the handling and combing of
the hair
• temporarily repairs any damage to the
cuticles
• improves the internal strength of the
hair
• certain conditioners can have a
soothing, cooling effect on the scalp.
What is the pH value of normal hair and
scalp?
How shampoos and conditioners
affect the hair and scalp
The purpose and benefits of scalp
massage
Professional products are formulated to
improve a range of hair and scalp
conditions.
Scalp massage is a beneficial treatment
for the client because:
The main effects of shampoo on the hair
and scalp are:
• to cleanse the hair and scalp
• to remove product build up
• to balance the pH value of the hair
• to improve hair and scalp conditions
such as oily hair and scalp and
dandruff.
•
•
•
it improves blood flow and removes
body waste
it is soothing, stimulating and relaxing
for the client
it can improve muscle tone.
Name a massage technique used to relax
the client and stimulate the scalp:
Session 3
Learner Check
Session 3
1What is the central core of the
hair called
1
2Which part of the hair can we
feel?
2
3Do the scales of the cuticle
overlap from roots to points or
from points to roots?
3
4True or false – the cuticle is
closed by the addition of gentle
heat.
4
5What will happen if you drag a
brush through long, wet hair?
5
6Why is it difficult to clean dirty hair
using only water?
6
7
Describe a detergent molecule.
7
8
What is the pH of human hair?
8
9How will the application of a mild
alkali to the hair affect it?
9
10If the temperature of the water is
too cool how will this affect the
shampooing process?
10
11If the force of the water is too
weak how will this affect the
conditioning process?
11
GH8
Session 3
Learner Check
Session 3
12What is the main reason for
product ‘build-up’ on the hair?
12
13Why must you properly analyse
the hair before choosing a
shampoo?
13
14What is treated using zinc
pyrithione?
14
15What effect will it have on the
cuticle if you apply a mild acid to
the hair?
15
16 How does heat affect the hair during the conditioning treatment?
16
17 Give two effects of conditioners on hair and scalp?
17
GH8
Handout
GH8.4.1
Range of available shampoos and conditioners - (1 of 2)
You must learn the range of shampooing and conditioning products that your salon uses
so that you can choose the best one for each client’s hair.
You must also learn how to analyse the hair and scalp. This means how to decide if the
hair/scalp is chemically, environmentally or heat damaged, product build up, dry, normal,
oily or dandruff affected. Until you can correctly analyse the hair and scalp you will be
unable to make the best choice for your client.
Hair condition
Chemically damaged
Heat damaged
Normal
Product build up
Scalp condition
Dry
Normal
Oily
Dandruff affected
Product build up
Symptoms of the condition
Handout
GH8.4.1
Range of available shampoos and conditioners - (2 of 2)
It is important that the correct product for
the hair/scalp type is chosen, as a
condition may be made worse if the wrong
shampoo or conditioner is used. For
example, some clients who have a flaky
scalp think that they have dandruff.
Dandruff is often a greasy condition and if
they use a shampoo for greasy dandruff it
will dry the scalp so making the scalp
condition worse.
Note: Refer to Handout H9.3.6 for the
formulations of shampoos and
conditioners. This will guide you when to
use specific products.
Manufacturers’ instructions – how to use
shampooing and conditioning products
The manufacturers’ instructions will help to
direct you to the best products to use on
specific clients.
Choose the products only after completing
a full consultation to identify the hair and
scalp type and condition.
The instructions for all products must be
read and followed to ensure proper use
and a successful treatment.
Equipment used during
conditioning treatments
Electrical equipment such as steamers,
accelerators and hood dryers are
sometimes used when a penetrating
conditioning treatment is being done.
These types of equipment help to open
the cuticle to allow easier entry of the
conditioner to the cortex.
You must always check electrical
equipment to ensure that it is safe for use.
Check the plug and flex for any visible
signs of damage and do not use any piece
of equipment if it looks to be damaged or if
you are unsure of the correct method of
use. Always read and follow the
manufacturer’s instructions and ask for
training from the salon owner, manager or
trainer.
Ensure that the client is comfortable and
that the temperature is suitable for them.
It is not advisable to leave a client
unattended while under equipment that
gives off heat.
List the equipment you have available in
your own salon that can be used during
conditioning treatments.
Slide
GH8.4.1
Hair condition
Symptoms of the condition
Chemically damaged
•
•
•
•
Dull hair
Coarse to touch
Visual damage to ends and lengths
Brittle hair
Heat damaged
•
•
•
•
Dull hair
Coarse to touch Visual damage to ends and lengths
Brittle hair
Normal
• Shiny
• No signs of damage
• Dull hair
• Coarse to touch Visual damage to ends and lengths
• Brittle hair
Product build up
• Dull
• Sticky
• Feels dirty
Scalp condition
Dry
• Feels tight
• May have flakes of dry skin present
• May itch
Normal
• Healthy colour
• No signs of flaking skin or other scalp disorders
Oily
• May smell
• Feels oily
Dandruff affected
Dry dandruff
• Flakes of skin that fall from the scalp
• Itchy
Greasy dandruff
• Flakes of skin that stick to the scalp
• May smell
• Presence of damage to scalp caused by
constant scratching
Product build up
• Sticky
• Feels dirty
• Flakes of product
Activity
Common shampooing problems/difficulties
GH8.4.2
The following is a list of common problems or difficulties that can occur during the
shampoo process. You must state what has caused the problem, what can be done to
correct it and when to refer the problem to others in the salon.
Problem/Difficulty
The client complains that
they must stretch to reach
the basin
During the consultation and
just before starting the
shampoo you notice that
the young client has head
lice
The client’s clothing
becomes wet
You have almost completed
the conditioning shampoo
when the client decides to
have a perm
The shampoo enters the
client’s eye(s)
The warm water suddenly
goes cold
At the end of the shampoo
you discover that there is
still a lot of lather at the
nape
Cause
How to correct
When to refer
Handout
GH8.4.3
When and how the different massage techniques should be
used when shampooing different lengths and densities of hair
Massage is a very important part of the
shampooing process. You must use the
correct type of massage according to the
length and density of the hair that you are
working with. The pads of the fingers are
used for most massage movements on the
head. Ensure that your fingernails do not
come into contact with the client’s scalp,
as this can cause scratches to occur,
therefore, leading to client discomfort.
How can you avoid tangling long hair
when using rotary massage?
Effleurage
This movement is used to spread the
shampoo through the hair. It is a smooth,
flowing, stroking movement and is
essential to ensure that the shampoo is
distributed throughout the hair, especially
when the hair is very dense. It is also
used to ensure that long hair is properly
cleansed as the fingers are stroked
through the lengths repeatedly to remove
dirt and previously applied products. By
using effleurage you can avoid tangling
long hair.
Rotary
This is a circular movement used to
cleanse the scalp and hair. If the hair is
long you must be careful not to tangle it.
The hands should be held in a claw
position and the pads of the fingers should
make small, circular movements over the
scalp. Rotary can be used on clients with
long hair but should only be done for a
short time and over a small area of scalp
then effleurage applied to remove the
beginnings of any tangles.
Notes
Handout
Repeating the shampoo process
The client’s hair must be properly prepared
for any service that is to follow the
shampooing process. In most instances it
is sufficient to shampoo the hair once or
twice to achieve cleanliness but there are
circumstances in which the process needs
to be repeated:
•if the hair is very dirty or greasy
•if there is a build-up of products on the
hair.
By giving an extra shampoo it ensures that
the hair is properly prepared for the next
service.
Consequences of using the
wrong shampooing product
If the wrong shampooing product is used it
is possible that the condition that you are
trying to treat would be made worse.
There are other consequences:
•the product may leave a coating on the
hair that would create a barrier to other
products entering the cortex
•it could cause irritation to the scalp
•it may cause the hair to become lank and dull
GH8.4.2
For example – if you apply a conditioning
shampoo to the hair just before a perm, it
is likely that the shampoo would create a
barrier to the perm solution and prevent
the perm lotion from entering the cortex.
Therefore, as its entry would be delayed,
this means that the perm lotion would
have to be on the hair for a longer time.
This then increases the risk of damaging
the hair.
The best shampoo to use before a perm is
one that contains no additives.
•Identify the pre-perm shampoo that is
used in your salon.
•Try to find out what its pH is.
•Discuss with your trainer and colleagues
the pH value of pre-perm shampoos.
A pre-perm shampoo is also
called a clarifying shampoo.
Handout
GH8.4.4
When and how the different massage techniques should
be used when conditioning different lengths and densities
of hair and when and how to apply conditioning products
Refer to Handout GH83.6 for
the formulations of shampoos and
conditioners. This will guide you when to
use specific products.
•To apply conditioner to short hair, simply
take the conditioner into your hands,
spread it over the head then stroke it
through the hair using effleurage
movements.
Petrissage
Effleurage
As with shampooing, effleurage is used to
spread the conditioning product
throughout the hair. It is particularly
important if the hair is long or thick or
both. When conditioning long hair you
must stroke the conditioner down the
lengths of the hair to ensure that it
reaches right to the points because the
points are usually most in need of
conditioner.
•To apply conditioner to long, freshly
shampooed hair using effleurage, make
a rough parting down the back of the
head – do this just by parting the hair
with your fingers, or you can use a wide
toothed comb.
•Take some of the conditioning product
and spread it evenly over the palms of
your hands. Starting at the nape area,
take a section of hair about 8cms (3”)
deep on one side of the parting and
apply the conditioner to the full lengths
of the hair.
•Repeat this on the other side of the
parting. Work up the head, applying to
one section of hair at a time, until all of
the hair is treated.
This massage movement is done in
circular movements similar to those used
for rotary massage, but is a firmer and
deeper massage movement. It is used to
stimulate the blood supply and to loosen
any tightness of the scalp. It is often done
when a restructurant or penetrating
conditioner is being used as it increases
the temperature of the scalp and this
assists the penetration of the product.
•The fingers are held in a clawed position
and are pressed firmly against the scalp.
The fingers should not be moved over the
scalp - the scalp should be moved over
the skull.
•It is necessary to reposition the fingers
to a new area of scalp as you finish
massaging each area, but remember to
allow the massage movements to flow
evenly from one area of the scalp to the
next.
Handout
GH8.4.3/4
Massage movements for shampooing and conditioning
Hand movements for effleurage
Hand movements for rotary
Notes
Hand movements for petrissage
Handout
GH8.4.5
Removing excess conditioning products and water
It is very important to ensure complete
removal of conditioning products at the
end of the service. If any product is left in
the hair it will adversely affect any
subsequent services. It is likely to leave
the hair limp and, sometimes, looking dull
and lank.
The hair should not be left very wet after
the completion of the conditioning service.
All excess water should be removed using
a gentle towel-drying technique – gently
squeeze or pat the hair dry in the towel
rather than rubbing it harshly. Remember,
you have just completed a service
designed to improve the hair condition.
The reasons for removing excess water
from the hair at the end of the service are:
•to prepare the hair for the next service
•to prevent discomfort to the client.
Using products cost effectively
You must always be aware of the
importance of avoiding waste in the salon.
When waste occurs it puts an unnecessary
strain on the finances of the business and
this may eventually result in loss of jobs
and other employment opportunities.
Most salons use shampooing and
conditioning products that are packaged in
containers that allow a measured amount
to be dispensed. Even when the salon
makes a bulk purchase the products are
usually transferred into dispensers.
The manufacturers of shampooing and
conditioning products usually produce
containers that provide a measured
amount. The quantities dispensed ensure
that there will be sufficient product to cope
with an average head. There is rarely any
need to dispense two pumps/bottles when
one is sufficient – the extra product just
washes down the drain.
Think about how much you really need
before hitting the pump more than once or
using another bottle. Remember, you can
always take some more but you can’t put
back any extra taken.
Handout
GH8.4.6
How to use combs and brushes and correctly comb the
hair from point to root
Many clients are not aware of how to
comb and brush their hair without causing
damage to it.
Remember
Most clients use styling and finishing
products on their hair at home and a build
up products can make it difficult for them
brush their hair.
You need to demonstrate to your client
how to brush the hair when it is dry and
how to comb the hair when it is wet.
Explain how to brush the hair when it is
dry, include a suitable brush:
Explain how to comb the hair when it is
wet, include a suitable comb:
Notes
Activity
GH8.4.7
How often to shampoo, condition and treat the hair
according to the hair and scalp, condition and lifestyle
Complete the activity independently: give advice on how the client should maintain their
hair at home, include recommendations about how often the hair should be shampooed,
conditioned and treated
Hair and scalp condition and
lifestyle
The client has long chemically
damaged hair, she works long
shifts as a receptionist in a
hotel and her appearance is
important
The client works fulltime as a
PE teacher, he visits the gym
every evening, his hair is
cropped short and the scalp is
very oily
The client has a busy lifestyle
looking after her two young
children as well as working part
time in a fish and chip shop,
her hair is short and normal
condition and she has to wear
a hat at work to cover it up
Your recommendations - how should the client
maintain their hair at home
Session 4
1Why should people with a dry, flaky
scalp avoid the use of a shampoo
for greasy dandruff?
1
2
2
What does a restructurant do?
3How does a steamer help the
conditioning process?
3
4State one reason why the shampoo
process would need to be repeated
4
5With reference to shampooing, what
may cause a barrier to perm lotion?
5
6Is the massage that is a smooth,
flowing, stroking movement
a) friction
b) effleurage
c) petrissage
d) rotary
6
7What is rotary massage used for?
7
8What will happen if you leave
excess conditioner in the hair at the
end of the service?
8
9How should you remove excess
water from the hair after a
conditioning treatment?
9
10Why should waste in the salon be
kept to a minimum?
10
11 When should aftercare advice be given to clients?
11
GH8

GH8.1.1 - Inter Training Services Ltd

Transcription

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