Krakow - Second Chance Project

Transcription

photo: Iwo Wachowicz
for
Depot | Krakow
SWOT
Analysis
This project is implemented
through the CENTRAL EUROPE Programme
co-financed by the ERDF.
SWOT Analysis
Museum of Municipal Engineering in Krakow
The Quarter of St. Lawrence
Customer:
Municipality of Krakow
Pl. Wszystkich Świętych 3/4
31-004 Kraków
Museum of Municipal Engineering in Krakow
ul. Św. Wawrzyńca 15
31-060 Kraków
[email protected]
[email protected]
Contractor:
KPPM Doradztwo Sp. z o.o.
Plac Wolnica 13/14
31-060 Kraków
[email protected]
Krakow - December 2010r.
Table of contents
1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 4
2. General presentation of Krakow. Economic and cultural profile. .............................. 5
2.1. A presentation of the main socio-economic change prospects along with
individual parameters for the city presentation. .......................................................... 5
2.2. Review of Krakow’s economy ................................................................................ 6
2.3. City's cultural profile ............................................................................................... 8
2.4. Krakow in rankings ............................................................................................... 11
3. Directions of development in the city after the year 2000 ........................................ 12
3.1. Socio-demographic trends. Krakow – a city of artists. ...................................... 12
3.2. Economic and industrial structures and trends ................................................. 15
3.3. Spatial structures and tendencies ....................................................................... 18
3.4. Cultural structures and trends ............................................................................. 19
3.5. Krakow as a festival industry hub ....................................................................... 20
4. Private sector – art market as the most important element of the city ................... 23
4.1 Main Branch Perspective ....................................................................................... 23
4.2. Private sector status – main trade: art and performance art ............................. 49
4.3. Art and performance art status ............................................................................ 49
5. Status of public cultural sector, intermediate sector and cultural networks .......... 55
5.1. Status of public culture sector and strategies of promotion for the creative
industries ...................................................................................................................... 55
5.2. Status of intermediate sector ............................................................................... 55
5.3. Presentation of cultural profiles and profiles of organizations associated with
art, informal networks and creative scenes ............................................................... 56
5.4. Status of cultural activity ...................................................................................... 58
6. Presentation of the area of the Museum of Municipal Engineering in Krakow and
its surroundings in the city ............................................................................................. 59
6.1. Spatial and geographical determinants ............................................................... 59
6.2. Previous use of the land and its buildings.......................................................... 62
6.3. Planning status ...................................................................................................... 64
6.4. Potential implementation functions ..................................................................... 67
6.5. Ideas for the future ............................................................................................... 71
6.6. The mission of the museum and Krakow Technology Route ............................ 72
6.7. Summary ................................................................................................................ 76
7. SWOT Matrix ................................................................................................................ 78
8. Summary of SWOT Analysis ....................................................................................... 90
Bibliography ..................................................................................................................... 92
1. Introduction
The purpose of the analysis is to identify the potential of the Krakow Museum of Municipal
Engineering and its surrounding area, which is necessary for the proper and effective
implementation of the „Second Chance” project in the form of an international partnership.
The joint project under the premises of the Second Chance program is being implemented with the
following cities: Nuremberg (AEG), Leipzig (Halle 14), Ljubljana (ROG), Venice (Arsenal) and is
supported from the European Union funds, in particular from the European Territorial Cooperation
– Central Europe Program. The objective of the project is to raise attractiveness of post-industrial
areas in 5 European cities, including the Sw. Wawrzynca Quarter in Krakow, turning them into
a creative industry space – open to culture, art and artists.
The indirect objective is to increase the attractiveness of the cultural offer and cultural
infrastructure of the city borough of Kazimierz and the adjacent borough of Podgorze through
accommodating and adopting of the post-industrial area (considered to be a part of Krakow's
cultural legacy) for the purposes of innovative and experimental artistic activities.
The project remains in concert with the following substantial and urban development tendencies of
the modern city of Krakow:
1. Considering culture as the economy's motor engine, tying culture with development of tourism
including cultural tourism and the promotion of the city and the region.
2. Implementation of balanced growth rules in the multilayer Krakow area in connection with the
city tissue and its European cultural legacy. This includes also care for the development of
various cultural sectors as stated in the „Strategy for Cultural Development in Krakow for the
years 2010-2014” approved by the City Council of Krakow on October 20th, 2010.
3. Increasing the meaning of „free-time industry”, creative and cultural industries in the City's
economy and the regions as factors stimulating the socio-economic development.
4. Increasing the competitiveness in the area of public services and the empowerment of the
Krakow Metropolitan Area among other Polish and European metropolitan areas.
Krakow Museum of Municipal Engineering and the lot at Sw. Wawrzynca Street, while designated
to be a post-industrial revitalized area, possesses excellent potential to develop modern space
aiming at becoming an area accommodating culture, arts, artists and activities related to free-time
industry and creative industry which are based on artistic activity of individual artists.
The museum implements its program based on its own development strategy towards 2015 and
a cultural mission identified therein.
The revitalization projects in the Sw. Wawrzynca Street Lot are substantiated through urban, socioeconomic and legal provisions in strategic documents and revitalization programs devised and
implemented by the Municipality of Krakow; e.g. Local Revitalization Plan for Old Town and the
Cultural Development Strategy for years 2010-2014.
2. General presentation of Krakow. Economic and cultural
profile
2.1. A presentation of the main socio-economic change prospects along
with individual parameters for the city presentation.
Krakow, the capital of the Malopolska province, former capital of Poland, European Capital of
Culture in 2000 1, is considered in Poland as an especially attractive place of residence by artists or
individuals interested in the cultural goods and services in Krakow, mainly because of the city's
specific atmosphere, its cultural heritage and friendly socio-cultural infrastructure. Krakow is
Poland's second largest city – both in terms of its population as well as its area (327 km2).
According to the statistical data from GUS for the end of September 2009 Krakow was inhabited by
755,7 thousand people (increase of 376 from the same period of last year). Krakow’s residents
made 1,98% of Poland's population 2 and 22,0% of the total region’s population in 2009 3.
Krakow is strategically located on the crossroads of main tourist paths and transit routes (Tatra
Mountains – Baltic Sea, Frankfurt -Kiev). Location: coordinates of the Adam Mickiewicz monument
on the Main Market Square (in the city center) 50˚03’41’’N, 19˚56’17’’E - in the vicinity of the southeast Krakow city border (Borough 10th Swoszowice) – crossing of the 50*N and 20*E.
A complex network of train connections allows fast and comfortable travels by train – one can
reach Warsaw in 2,5 hrs. and Gdansk in 6 hours. In only a few hours one can reach Vienna,
Prague, Bratislava, Berlin and Budapest. The bus network is also being successively expanded.
The city's transportation asset is the John Paul 2nd International Airport in Krakow-Balice, which
offers direct domestic and international flight connections with many destinations in Europe, the
U.S. and Israel.
The number of the airport's passengers is constantly growing. In 2006 it amounted to 2.367,257, in
2009 - 2 680 322.
The mass transit system in Krakow is comprised of a bus and tramway network supported by
private bus lines. Several new models of buses have been recently purchased and tramway cars
underwent improvements to accommodate the needs of the disabled persons. The city continues
1
By the decision of EYC Council of the European Union dated November 20, 1995, Krakow, along 8 other European
cities (Avignon, Bergen, Bologne, Brussels, Helsinki, Prague, Reykiavik, Santiago de Compostela), has beed awarded
the title of European Capital of Culture for 2000. For more information, see: .: Gierat-Bieroń Bozena, Europejskiemiasto
kultury. Europejska Stolica kultury 1985-2008, Krakow 2009.; Glondys Danuta, Europejska Stolica Kultury. Miejsce
kultury w polityce Unii Europejskiej, Attyka, 2010.
2
State of the City Report 2009, Krakow, 2010, 11.
3
Statistical data obtained from Biuletyn Statystyczny Miasta. Informacje i opracowania statystyczne za IV kwartal 2009,
Rok XI, Urzad Statystyczny w Krakowie, Krakow 2010.
to improve the passenger information system and ticket distribution. The number of passengers
commuting in the metro area by trains increased from 10,5 to 10,9 million, while the amount of
goods transported decreased from 6,6 to 4,5 million tons.
2.2. Review of Krakow’s economy
Economy:
According to the 2009 end-of-the-year data, there were 110,2 thousand national business entities
located in the Krakow area. The number increased by 4,3% in comparison to the previous year.
Companies incorporated in Krakow made up 35,1% of the total number of national business
entities in the Malopolska province.
Setting the number of working persons as the criteria, small business companies employing up to 9
persons dominated in Krakow in 2009 (94,6% of all companies). Businesses employing from 10 to
49 people made up 4,4%, while large companies employing more than 50 people made up only
1%.
Economic structure for the end of 2006 and 2009 (number of entities):
Merchants/repairs: 30.361, 29.341
Administration of real estate and business: 23.578, 26 472
Industry: 9181 (food processing industry: 9.205, 9065)
Construction: 8.831, 9612
Transportation, warehousing, and communication: 8.402, 9080
Services (including municipal, social, individual and other): 7.597, 8.367
Health care and social services: 5.645, 6571
Financial services: 4.093, 4275
Hotels and restaurants: 3.409, 3721
Education: 2.613, 2852
Public administration and national defense: 140
According to the 2010 Report on the Spatial Development in the Malopolska Voivodeship, the
province is characterized by average values of economic indicators as compared to other regions.
In 2007, the GDP in the Malopolska Voivodeship amounted to PLN 86,6 billion, which constituted
7,4% of Poland's total GDP (ranking 5th in the country). The GDP value is highly diversified in
areas. More than 40% of the product is noted for the City of Krakow (PLN 37 billion). An important
indicator is the GDP per capita value. It was PLN 26.456 in 2007, placing Malopolska at 10th place
in Poland (85% of the entire country value). The highest GDP per capita is noted in Krakow PLN
48.9 thousand, (158% of the country's median value).
In recent years, Krakow and the Malopolska Voivodeship, similarly to other regions, have noted
positive pace of the economic growth.
In the long-term period the GDP increase in Malopolska has remained on the same level as in the
rest of the country. Between 2000-2007 the GDP in current prices increased in Malopolska by
59%, and in Poland it amounted to 58%. In Krakow, after significant fluctuations in the years 20012003, the pace of the economic growth has been maintained at the same level as in the entire
region and country.
The good condition of the small and medium enterprises in Krakow can be noted in the steady
number of physical persons establishing business activity. In the years 2003-2006 there new
enterprises were founded as follows:
6781 in 2003, 6991 in 2004, 8406 in 2005 and 7672 in 2006. The number of persons with
registered business activity in Krakow: 75.445.
In 2009, the average gross monthly salary in the enterprise sector in Krakow amounted to PLN
3304,97 which is 110,2% of the average salary in the voivodeship. The average salary increased
by 3,3% in one year.
The average salary in the public sector increased by 7% in comparison to the previous year to PLN
4031,01, while in the private sector it was 3220,24 (a 3% increase). The number of working hours
completed in 2009 was M339,7 (4,4% more than in 2008), whereas the average hourly wage
reached PLN 22,79 (1,2% more than in 2008) 4.
The increase of Krakow's international significance has affected the dynamic development of the
consulting firms and outsourcing companies, especially processing centers for West-European
corporations. The increase in employment in commerce resulted primarily from the systematic
growth of the large-space stores and shopping centers.
Capital expenditures in Krakow amount to approx. 55% of total expenditures in the region.
Krakow is one of the most dynamically growing cities in Poland. The large number of new
investments, mainly in the new technologies and BPO sector, increased tourism and great interest
in the Krakow real estate market from the foreign developers have resulted in the decrease of
unemployment and a change in the employment structure.
Foreign investment in Krakow in the years 1989-2005 reached the value of USD 4,674 billion,
which constitutes over 2/3 of the foreign capital invested in the entire Malopolska Voivodeship. The
largest investments have been noted in the tobacco industry, chemical industry, metal production
and publishing and printing business; total expenditures in those areas reached PLN 1,15 billion,
83% of total direct foreign expenditures in Krakow’s processing industry. More than ¾ of total
industry capital expenditures consists of 5 major investors whose joint expenditures until the end of
4
Ibid.
2005 exceeded USD B1.1. The assets for industrial investments originate primarily from the U.S.,
Croatia, Great Britain, France, Turkey and Germany.
Krakow is one of the most important scientific and research centers in the country. It is as important
for the social life as it is for cultural development and economic activity.
The units of the Krakow Scientific Facility are: universities, Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish
Academy of Sciences with its institutes, R/D units. Units for scientific cooperation and
implementation include: Advanced Technology Centers, Training Centers, Technology and Transfer
Centers and Krakow Technology Park.
In 2009 there were 23 colleges operating in Krakow, including 10 public and 14 non-public
institutions, 10 institutions affiliated with the Polish Academy of Science, 13 R&D institutes, 4 local
affiliates of research facilities and 5 research facilities of international companies. 212 015 persons
were enrolled in Krakow's tertiary education institutions; 17000 were post-graduate students and
4600 - PhD students (excluding PAS students). Almost 13% of academic professors are employed
in Krakow. The number of people with higher education diplomas has been increasing annually. In
May 2007 it reached the level of 20,7%.
2.3. City's cultural profile
Krakow is one of the most important cultural centers in Poland. It is a dynamic European center of
science, culture and arts. Culture and cultural heritage are Krakow's most significant asset, making
it an extremely competitive city compared to other cities. It is also this asset that remains a
constant source of inspiration to artists, creators, managers and animators.
Modern Krakow is a city with 43 public cultural institutions and 11 cultural-educational youth
centers.
Public cultural institutions in Krakow, 2009
Type of institution (organizer)
2009
National (The Ministry of Culture and National Heritage)
5
Regional (Malopolska Voivodeship local government)
9
Communal(Krakow Municipality)
26
Co-operated (by agreements)
3
Total
43
Table: Public cultural institutions in Krakow, 2010
Type of institution Total
(2009)
National
Regional
Municipal
Co-managed
Theatres
9
1
1
6
1
Music institutions
2
0
2
0
0
Orchestras
2
0
0
2
0
Libraries
6
0
2*
4
0
Museums
8
3
3
4
1
Galleries
1
0
0
1
0
Offices/impresarios 1
0
0
1
0
Community centers, 11
cultural centers
1
1
8
1
Total
43
5
9
26
3
Youth cultural
centers **/
11
0
0
11
0
Foreign cultural
institutions in
Krakow
8
*/ Including one budgetary unit (Provincial Library of Education)
**/ Budgetary units
Graph: Public cultural institutions in Krakow
Apart from public cultural institutions, Krakow hosts a complex network of non-governmental
organizations, all involved in various activities in the cultural sector. They organize many cultural
projects, artistic and educational, recurring or one-time events and festivals. Those organizations
operate a number of well-known theater companies, orchestras, choirs, musical ensembles (jazz,
country), ballet, folk, as well as museums and art galleries.
Krakow hosts many entities engaged in cultural activities. Many of them are art galleries, managing
agencies, cinemas, art publishers, 7 radio stations and 5 television stations.
Krakow possesses the country's largest collection of cultural goods with the highest historical and
cultural value. The landmark city center has been listed on the original UNESCO World Heritage
List in 1978. The historical center encompasses Wawel, Old Town, Stradom and Kazimierz (where
the Museum of Municipal Engineering is located). The historical Krakow area has been considered
a landmark of history 5.
The National Heritage Board (KOBiDZ) states that there are 5094 landmarks in Krakow, listed in 9
categories (data from: Zabytki architektury Krakowa, KOBiDZ, Warszawa 2007). There are 1150
places registered in the Krakow Municipality Landmark Inventory (based on the data from Chief
Monument Conservator, April 2008).
Krakow's competitiveness originates not only from its landmark buildings and art collections,
cultural alternatives featuring popular cultural events, art festivals, but also incorporeal landmarks.
Some of those are rooted in local tradition and customs and have been an integral part of the city
cultural landscape: „Emaus” Easter Event in Zwierzyniec, pagan festival in Rekawka (Podgorze
district), students' festival Juwenalia, Lajkonik's parade, Jewish Culture Festival in Kazimierz,
5
The disposition of the President of Poland dated September 8, 1994 (No. 50, pos. 418) upholds this with the following:
„it holds unique, yet universal historical, artistic and incorporeal values, as well as the authentic urban-architectural layout
of Krakow, shaped during its thousand-year history and comprising one of Europe’s leading cultural and artistic
complexes”. The size of the area considered to be a landmark is 678.34 ha – 2.07% of the city’s area. It contains the
oldest historical structures and the most valuable and prominent features and incorporates 86% of assets registered in
the landmark records and 30% of the records.
Christmas Fair on the Main Market Square, Wianki event by the Wisla River, church processions
(from Wawel to the Skalka church on St. Stanislaus Day and the Corpus Christi Procession from
Wawel to the Square).
2.4. Krakow in rankings
In the most recent years alone Krakow has received a number of significant titles and mentions in
international rankings, among them:
▪ Krakow's Main Market Square – world's most beautiful place (National Geographic 2008)
▪ Krakow – 2008 world's second most interesting place, after Sydney and before San Francisco,
Singapore and Vancouver, according to The Observer & The Guardian, as voted by 17 thousand
readers of the prestigious British newspaper „Guardian”
▪ Krakow – 2007 most fashionable city (according to Orbitz ranking – end of 2006)
▪ Krakow is one of Europe's five best cities, with Florence, Rome, Venice, Istanbul (ranking
published in August 2006 edition of Travel&Leisure)
▪ Krakow’s Main Square has been declared world's best square by Project for Public Spaces, with
St. Mark's Square in Venice as the runner up (2005).
▪ Krakow is Poland's second best city for business (2009, Forbes)
▪ it is Poland’s only city with broadband Internet on European level, according to Cisco.
▪ First place in the report titled “Magnetism of Polish Cities 2009”, according to the research by
BAV Consulting and KB Pretendent Research Agency (a study on condition of city brands in
context of their appeal to attract tourists, new residents or investors).
▪ Krakow made the 5th place in the top 50 ranking of cities attractive to outsourcing investors, as
compiled by Global Services and Tholons.
3. Directions of development in the city after the year 2000
Despite numerous discussions on the reform of the cultural section in Poland, the privatization
process has not occurred besides the decentralization of power, i.e. transfer of a supervisory role
to the regional and local cultural institutions and governments. However, along with the expansion
of free economy, new private cultural institutions started to grow (business entities and nongovernmental organizations). Year by year they have been making the city's cultural offer more
interesting, completing and often competing with propositions of cultural institutions in the public
sector.
The Krakow Municipality was aware of the potential of the city's cultural heritage at the very
beginning of the decentralization process. As a result, the City applied for the title of the 2000
European Capital Of Culture. Krakow received the title per the decision of the EYC Council of the
European Union on November 20, 1995, sharing it with eight other cities. This had an impact on
the city's further development. Unfortunately, no serious investments have been made in the area
of cultural infrastructure. Only with Polish accession to the EU (May 1, 2004) did European funds
become available to Krakow. It allowed introducing a number of investment initiatives, directed
towards the modernization and development of the city's cultural infrastructure.
On the other hand, the financial condition of the Krakow Municipality allows for better promotion of
Krakow as a city of large-scale events and festivals. After the 2000 celebrations new projects were
completed: 750 anniversary of the City Charter per Magdeburg's law, The Relief of Vienna (2008),
60 years of Nowa Huta (2009) – once an industrial city, today one of Krakow's boroughs, the
reenactment and celebration of the Grunwald Battle (2010).
3.1. Socio-demographic trends. Krakow - a city of artists
In 2009 Krakow residents made up 1,98% population of Poland and 22,9% of Malopolska
Voivodeship. The city had 755 000 residents and was then second largest city in Poland after
Warsaw. In the recent years one can note a systematic aging of Krakow residents. 18,9% of
population is 65 years old or older, and the number is increasing. The number of children and
youth has decreased to approx. 15,7%. There is a less favorable workforce/pensioner ratio – in
2009 there were 52,4 persons of nonworking age per 100 working age people. There are 495.365
persons of working age living in Krakow (2009) 6.
Many young people study, live and work here. There are 23 colleges and universities, with the
Jagiellonian University being the most important one. King Casimir the Great founded the
University in 1364 as Central Europe's second university after the establishment of the University
of Prague in 1348.
Krakow is characterized as a place featuring many clusters of creative communities, including
Poland's largest circle of visual and fine arts creators.
Visual artists: Krakow branch of ZPAP has 993 members. Many artists are not members and they
form other art associations.
Photographers: 50 persons.
Academy of Fine Arts in Krakow enrolled 1156 students in 2008, including 820 full-time.
Actors: Krakow chapter of ZASP has 210 members, while the Krakow Theater Academy enrolls
156 students.
Musicians: Krakow hosts branches of SPAM and ZKP. The Academy of Music enrolls 616 students
(including 560 full-time).
Writers and poets: Polish Writers Society – 107 members (January 2009), ZLP approx. 60. Total
170 people. Many writers and poets are not associated with any organizations.
A huge human potential has been engaged in the cultural sector in Krakow. There are artists
(visual arts, actors, musicians, set designers, directors, writers, poets, etc.) as well as managers of
cultural institutions, animators, instructors, educators, as well as agents and producers
implementing cultural events. They all possess rich experience in the implementation of cultural
events, their production, and promotion. They are also familiar with the needs of the local
communities.
Cultural institutions in Krakow have access to a huge human resources capital, with Krakow
employing many artists, animators and cultural managers. According to the CSO there were 370
cultural institutions in Malopolska, 42 in Krakow alone. Cultural institutions in Malopolska employed
8002 employees in 2008, the same institutions in Krakow employed 3877 people.
The municipal cultural institutions employed 1389 people in 2008 alone. 405,45 full time positions
accounted for workers of cultural centers, 319,14 positions were in theatres, 299,5 in museums. In
2009 there were 1446 full time positions operated by the municipal cultural institutions.
6
State of the City Report 2009, Krakow, 2010, 14-15.
The number of positions grew by 12.46% in years 2006-2009 compared to 2005.
Table: Employment in the municipal cultural institutions in 2005-2009 (number of FTEs)
Type of
institution
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Theatres
297,06
307,75
307,68
311,54
330,44
Orchestras
89,4
95,9
96,8
95,4
95,75
Houses of
culture and
community
centers
386,87
395,45
393,13
393,97
397,74
Museums
223,75
238,6
254,35
276,25
295,5
Libraries
230,5
230,25
236,56
232,25
234,88
Gallerias
25
28
24
28
28
Bureau
32,7
33,6
46,25
51,27
67,55
Total number of 1284,95
FTEs:
1329,55
1 1358,77
1388,68
1445,86
Increase of the 100
percentage of
FTEs
103,47
105,74
108,07
112,46
Compiled by: Department of Culture and National Heritage of the City Council
Due to the lack of the research data it is not possible to identify the number of people employed
within the structures of NGOs and business entities operating in the cultural sector.
Overall, the private sector in 2009 featured 108 700 entities, which makes up 98.7% of the total
business entities. 68,5% of all registered companies were those registered by physical persons
(75400) and their number increased by 3,3 thousand compared with 2008. Taking the number of
employees as a criterion, Krakow in 2009 was dominated by small firms, employing up to 9
persons (94,6% of the total). The entities employing from 10 to 49 people made up 4,4% whereas
larger entities, employing 50 or more workers accounted for 1%.
The unemployment rate in Malopolska – according to the state from December 2008 – was 7,5%
with 98700 unemployed, out of which 57700 were women (59% of the total number). Krakow
unemployment rate was 2,8%.
The development of the cultural industry and free-time industry would certainly contribute to the
increase of attractiveness of the career paths for people involved in the cultural sector.
3.2. Economic and industrial structures and trends
Economy structure has been described on page 4 of this document. Most entities in 2009 operated
within commerce and services – 29341, and real estate management – 26472. In the service,
communal, social and individual sectors there were 8367 entities, 3721 in the hotel and restaurant
sector, and 2852 entities in the education sector.
There were 108700 units in the private sector, which is 98,7% of the total business entities. 68,5%
of all registered companies were entities operated by physical persons (75400) and their number
increased by 3300 in comparison to the year 2008.
Taking the number of employees as a criterion, in 2009 Krakow small firms employing up to 9
persons dominated the market (94,6% of the total). The entities employing from 10 to 49 people
made up 4,4%, whereas larger entities, employing 50% or more accounted for 1%.
The increase of employment in the cultural sector after the year 2000 is connected to the
expansion of cultural institutions and their activities. In response to the community's needs, new
institutions are founded. Besides the Museum of Municipal Engineering located in Kazimierz and
established in 1998, the postindustrial area now also hosts the Museum of Modern Art (2010)
located in the nearby Zablocie area. Also, in Nowa Huta, Laznia Nowa Theater has been created in
the former school warehouse building.
Number of cultural institutions
Number of youth cultural centers
Number of cultural cooperation agreements signed and implemented by the City
Chart: Comparative summary of the number of municipal cultural institutions, education
establishments and non-school set of agreements by the City of Krakow in the years 1991-2010.
Museum of Contemporary Art in Krakow
Laznia Nowa Theater (Nowa Huta-Krakow)
Cultural Tourism
According to the study of the tourist traffic compiled by the Malopolska Organization of Tourism the
number of visitors to Krakow decreased by 2,1% in 2009 due to the economic crisis. The decrease
was noted primarily in the number of foreign visitors. The domestic tourist traffic decreased only by
1,89% in comparison to 2008. The number of tourists (guests spending nights in Krakow) also
decreased – by 2,5%. The decrease was noted exclusively in the number of foreigners – 7,14%.
The number of domestic tourists remained at the previous year's level.
Arrivals to Krakow 2008-2009 2008
2009
Total visitors to Krakow,
including:
7450000
7300000
5300000
5200000
6000000
5850000
Domestic
3900000
3900000
Foreign
2100000
1950000
Domestic
Foreign
Tourists in Krakow, including:
Among the foreign tourists most of the visitors come from Great Britain (25,83% in 2008), Germany
(11,25%), Italy (7,36%), France (6,81%) and the U.S. (6,47%). Two most frequently stated reasons
for travel to Krakow indicated by visitors were leisure and sightseeing.
Tourist attractions indicated by foreign visitors coming to Krakow
Tourist attractions indicated by foreign visitors to Krakow
Attractions in Krakow
Percentage of foreigners visiting Krakow
Main Market Square (Old Town, Royal Route) 52,90%
Wawel (Royal Chambers, Cathedral,
52,60%
Sigismund Bell, Dragon's Den)
Kazimierz district (synagogues, cafes,
31,40%
concerts, museums, etc.)
St. Mary's Basilica (including the altar by Veit
15,10%
Stwoss)
Sanctuary of Divine Mercy in Lagiewniki
8,60%
Sukiennice (Cloth Hall)
7,50%
Nowa Huta (Central Sq., the social realism
6,40%
trail, etc.)
Barbican (including the St. Florian's Gate)
4,50%
Benedictine Abbey in Tyniec
3,50%
Galeria Krakowska Mall
1,50%
Source: Tourist Traffic in Krakow - 2008 - Report from Malopolska Tourist Organization.
3.3. Spatial structures and tendencies
Krakow Metropolitan Zone is a functional region, encompassing the Krakow metropolitan area with
its adjacent settlement areas connected to the area by various networks of interaction.
The boundaries of the Krakow Metropolitan Area were set forth within the Spatial Development
Plan in the Malopolska Voivodeship.
The zone is characterized by a different level and dynamics of urbanization, high degree of
connection with the Krakow labor market and some common solutions for the technical
infrastructure. The border of the metropolitan zone indicates the area of common interactions in the
labor and real estate markets.
In recent years, Krakow and Malopolska deal with the phenomenon of increased suburbanization
and gentrification. Along with the increase of the society's wealth and the expansion of
transportation networks, more residents settle in suburban areas of large cities, especially Krakow.
This leads to the increase of population density in the suburban areas and a small decrease of the
residential population in Krakow. Although higher prices of land and flats cause the migration
outside of the city, one can also note a reverse tendency connected to the high appeal of
apartments in the Krakow city center. On the regional scale, building construction is growing
intensively in Krakow and its surrounding areas. In 2008, most of the new buildings were
completed in Krakow (834) and its suburban zone, including the postindustrial areas.
Postindustrial Zablocie Area Revitalization and Activation Program is strictly connected to the
Krakow Development Strategy and the local spatial development plan for Zablocie. In the strategic
areas of Science and Culture, one of the key projects is establishment of the Museum of
Contemporary Art in the former Schindler's Factory.
Local Revitalization Plan „Old Town”, flagship project: Kazimierz-Podgorze
The plan incorporates the task of complex revitalization and modernization of public spaces in
Kazimierz: Sw. Wawrzynca Street (including the landmark tram depot), Wolnica Square, Mostowa
Street with the construction of a ramp for pedestrians and cyclists. The plan also includes the
thorough revitalization and modernization of public spaces and green areas: Nadwislanska Street
(with remodeling of the Podgorze Electrical Power plant into the Tadeusz Kantor Museum) and the
Wisla Boulevard.
3.4. Cultural structures and trends
Culture and arts are used as tools to revitalize the degraded postindustrial zones. In the revitalized
and readapted sites, new and modern exhibition areas are created, as well as multifunctional
performance-concert halls. Modernized lots and blocks make Krakow more attractive as a culture
and art center. They strengthen the European position of Krakow Metropolitan Area by developing
city's metropolitan functions and increasing the development of cultural tourism.
Imposing on the revitalized sites and areas new cultural functions through situating art galleries,
museums and multifunctional performance venues there does not only preserve the landmark
substance but also it brings backtheir former representative functions.In a crucial way it changes
the image if the city.
These activities are not randomat all. The buildings and spaces, beingparts of landmark urban
systems in Krakow, are incorporated in the strategic plans and documents of both the city and the
region. They are meant to be revitalized and modernized in order to strengthen their current
cultural functions – such is the case of the Old Town - or in order to empower them with new
cultural functions – e.g. the Zablocie area which has recently been changing its image, becoming
an area friendly to art and artists.
Among the most crucial strategic documents, which are consistent in indicating the direction to the
city authorities, one can find:
City of Krakow Development Strategy - a City Council Act Nr LXXV/742/05, approved on April
13, 2005 (Krakow as a European metropolis with important scientific, cultural and sport functions;
preservation of cultural heritage including revitalization of the Coty's landmark systems, and
creation of material and institutional conditions for cultural development); the document is
consistent with the Strategy for Development of the Malopolska Voivodeship for the years
2007-2013 (Field A – Economic competitiveness, Area IV. Krakow Metropolitan Area), as well as
the new Strategy for Development of the Malopolska Voivodeship for the years 2011-2020
(draft from 10/12/2010). Area 2. Heritage and free-time industries. Area 4. Krakow Metropolitan
Area and other sub-regions and the Malopolska Regional Operational Program for the years
2007-2013, including the Priority Axis 3. Tourism and Cultural Industry. Activity 3.2 Development of
the cultural heritage product. Scheme A: Cultural heritage and revaluation of spatial systems.
Voivodeship Program of Landmark Care for Malopolska 2010-2013. The document explains
the need to increase social awareness in the area of cultural heritage and marketing approach to
management of cultural heritage.
Strategy for Tourism Development in Krakow for the years 2006-2013 approved by the Krakow
City Council on July 5, 2006 (Nr CXIV/1167/06)
Strategy for Tourism Development in Krakow is a local Revitalization Program: the objective is to
incorporate the neglected areas of the City into the network of tourist-appealing zones through
imposing new tourist functions while taking advantage of their specificity, tradition, culture and
natural values.
Long-term Financial-Investment Plan of the City of Krakow for the years 2010-2019 Nr
XCI/1211/10approved by the Krakow City Council on February 3, 2010 (previous Long-term
Financial-Investment Plan of the City of Krakow for the years 2007-2016 approved by the Krakow
City Council on February 14, 2007 Nr VI/62/07 with further changes).
3.5. Krakow as a festival industry hub
Krakow is a festival city, a festival hub of sorts. Every year over 100 art festivals take place, most of
them backed by years of tradition. About 50 of them have international significance, inter alia
Jewish Culture Festival (since 1990), Krakow Film Festival (since 1961), Krakow Jazz All Souls’
Day (since 1954), Music in Old Krakow International Festival (since 1975), International Print
Triennial (since 1966), Street Theatre Festival (since 1988). Every year new projects emerge, e.g.
Nation/Dedication Festival (2002), Misteria Paschalia Festival (2004), Sacrum Profanum (2003) or
Polish Music Festival (2005) and Divine Comedy Theatre Festival (2008). They often utilize
unusual city spaces, presenting them with new meanings.
The annual festival schedule is set so that new projects give way to increasing the position and
attractiveness of festivals already in place, which inevitably involves financial means. Aware of the
tourist appeal of cultural undertakings and festivals, the city authorities participate in development
and publicizing the best festivals and prepare a local act, which grants support to selected projects
for a period of 3 years with the possibility of extension. It will surely facilitate planning of an
attractive program for these privileged projects.
New periodic projects like Krakowskie Noce (Krakow Nights) are also very successful. Modeled
after the European Museum Night, a Theater Night has been created in 2007. On one June night,
about 50 theater projects take place – not only on 20 theater stages, but on outdoor sites
specifically developed for the event; it gathers over 40 thousand viewers. In 2008 a Sacral Night
and a subsequent Jazz Night were created. A Poetry Night is planned as well.
“Krakowskie Noce” is a series of undertakings developed by The Department of Culture and
National Heritage: Museum Night (since 2004), Theater Night (since 2007), Jazz Night (since
2007) and “Cracovia Sacra” (since 2008). The 2009 edition of the series has been partially
funded by the EU as a part of the Malopolska Regional Operational Program for the years
2007-2013. It has been reviewed as a sound brand product that markets the Malopolska region
and received funds for 50% of total expenditure as requested (www.krakowskienoce.pl).
Theatre Night (3 editions so far): The project has been voted the winner of the 2007 Wielkie
Odkrywanie Malopolski (Great Discovering of Malopolska) event. In the third edition participated 11
institutional and 25 non-institutional theatre groups. Overall 70 performances took place, with
approximately 20 thousand viewers.
Jazz Night (3 editions so far): The Jazz Night performances take place in several locations: The
Little Market Square, Wolnica Square, the National Museum building and clubs, such as Alchemia,
Drukarnia, Piec Art, U Muniaka, Piwnica Pod Baranami and Harris Piano. The participating
musicians come from Poland, Germany, Austria, USA, Brazil, Sweden, Cyprus and England
(Wladyslaw “Adzik” Sendecki, Nils Landgren, Joao Bosco, NDR Big Band, among others). The
concerts gather approximately 10 thousand viewers.
Cracovia Sacra (2 editions so far): The event takes place in over 25 of Krakow’s churches and
monasteries, as well as many prominent artists from Poland and abroad. The program includes
numerous concerts and sacral performances, but also sightseeing of Krakow’s most beautiful
sanctuaries and their surroundings, discovering church landmarks and their works of art (usually
unavailable to visitors), learning about monk life and their monastery treasuries. Around 30
concerts take place along with exhibitions and film screenings. Approximately 40 thousand people
participate in the event.
City of literature
Culture, art, as well as poetry and literature are clearly pronounced in Krakow’s public space. It is
manifested by many actions of large groups of artists, originators and culture animators who live
and work here, projects of public and private culture organizations, but also the specificity of the
space itself – a labyrinth of artistic basements around the Main Market Square, numerous cafes
around Nowy Square in Kazimierz and the opulence of attractive landmarks and functional spaces,
also in postindustrial areas of Zablocie and Nowa Huta attract with their atmosphere and inspire
artists, literary circles and word enthusiasts.
4. Private sector - art market as the most important element of
the city
Art and executive arts are a part of activities that are founded on the creativity of artists and
creators, their abilities and talents. Their works become the potential and inspiration to
accomplishments and work for generations and exploration of intellectual property. Culture and
creative industries are created with that as a basis. They are responsible for the GDP generated by
the culture sector. According to the Kern report, culture industries generated on average 2.5% of
GDP in countries of the European Union in 2003. According to data from the Ministry of Culture
and National Heritage, in Poland it generated 4.5% of GDP in 2000.
There is no definition of creative and culture industries in Poland. The public sector responds to
change very slowly, therefore there are not enough efforts to create favorable conditions for
creative industry development in Krakow.
4.1. Main Branch Perspective
Main Branch: Artists and Executive Arts
Krakow is a city of art and artists.
It aspires to be a strong European theater hub. According to data presented in a report entitled
Culture in the Malopolska Voivodeship in 2008 7, 13 out of 20 of Malopolska’s theatres – a strong
majority - are situated in Krakow. 8Public theatres (10) comprise 22.2% of all public cultural
institutions in Krakow. They function on 20 theatre stages, mostly small-sized.
The capacity of Krakow’s theatres 9 was 85.8% of total theatre capacity in the province. 84.4% of
Malopolska’s performances and concerts were presented by Krakow’s theatres, with 88.9% of total
viewers and listeners in the province. 10 In 2008 for every theatrical institution there are roughly 275
7
Kultura w wojewodztwie Malopolskim w 2008 roku, Krakow, 2009.
Malopolska theatres comprise 10.3% of Poland’s theatres (2007). In Poland there are 184 running theatres overall, with
290 scenes and 69259 seats.
9
To compare, in Mazowieckie Province there are 36 theatres, 59 stages with 14938 seats, in Slaskie Province – 21
theatres, 31 stages and 6718 seats. The Lodzkie Province contains a smaller number – 13 theatres, 18 stages and 4624
seats. According to CSO Kultura 2007 report.
10
Based on Kultura w wojewodztwie Malopolskim w 2008 roku, Krakow, 2009. To compare, in 2007 the numbers were
85.6% of total province theatre capacity (i.e. 4348 of 5082) and 6.27% of Poland’s theatre capacity (According to CSO
Kultura 2007 report.)
8
performances, a significant improvement on 2007 (228 performances) 11 There are 18.17 seats for
every 10 thousand citizens in Poland (national average). The rate was best in the Mazowieckie
Province (28.79 seats for every 10 thousand citizens). Above-average rates occurred also in
Dolnoslaskie (23.34) and Slaskie (20.66).
Slightly below average was the rate in Lodzkie (18.09). The lowest rate – 15.5 seats for every 10
thousand citizens in 2007 – has been registered in the Malopolska Province. 12
In Krakow’s theatres the seat/citizen rate is noticeably decreasing compared to the year
2000, when there were 6.3 seats per 1000 citizens. In 2008 it was 5.9 seats.
The decrease can be partially justified by the modernization of theatre spaces (removing a
number of chairs to create more comfortable conditions). The number of scenes has a tendency to
rise, however. Theatres create small scenes, cheaper to use, especially with non-commercial
repertoire. Examples are Scena Na Sarego (Sarego Street Scene), opened in 2004, and Nowa
Scena Starego Teatru (2005). 13
The attendance in Krakow’s theatres is very high. Tickets for many performances have to be
booked months in advance. Public theatres, as renown and respected as they are, lack however
competition of strong and important private theatres, created in large numbers in Warsaw.
City Council Resolution – free transport to a place performance or concert and back, using public
transportation.
Krakow theatre’s infrastructure is not impressive and is in need of modernization.
In the structures of Krakow’s culture centers there are many educational theatre scenes and
groups. The most active of them are:
11
12
•
„i” stage (A. Bursa City Culture Center)
•
Scena Lektur Szkolnych - Dworek Bialopradnicki,
•
Akademia Pana Kleksa – (Nowa Huta Culture Center)
•
SCKM stage
Calculations based on data in Rocznik Statystyczny Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej 2008, GUS, LXVIII Warszawa, 2008 for
the year 2007 and CSO’s report Kultura 2007.
13
It has been created as a studio space on bottom floor of a Jagiellonska Street building in 1999, enlarged in 2005 by
creating a space six meters wide in a wall. The location is air conditioned.
Scenes used by various bands and professional groups also function in Srodmiejski Osrodek
Kultury on Mikolajska Street and “Podgorze” Culture House and its branch (Solvay on Zakopianska
Street). Krakow Polytechnic runs Scena Teatr Zalezny on Kanonicza Street.
There are many organizations, entities and groups working towards promoting and popularizing
dance (a dance theatre), also in administrational structures of culture institutions.
The popularity of theatre is evident in both interest in daily theatre performances and popularity of
theatre festivals and the Theatre Night 14, inspired by the Europe-wide Museum Night.
The theatrical offer of Krakow is diverse, from traditional closed-space plays, to workshop projects,
quasi-theatrical activities and outdoor shows.
Premieres and performances in Krakow’s theatres.
Every year between 2005 and 2009, public theatres in Krakow presented 42-51 premieres a year –
a 47.2 annual average.
According to 2005-2009 data, Krakow’s public theatres stage more shows every year. In this
period, the number increased by 25.6%.
Total number of spectators and participants in the space stage performances and outdoor
performances, organized by the municipal theaters in 2005-2009
Number of viewers / 2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
consumers
Total
730 755
570 151
534026
612002
786608
Dynamics of the
100,00%
78,02%
93,66%
114,60%
128,53%
changes
Performances and concerts
Year
14
2005
2006
2007
Theatre Night is roughly 70 performances by 11 institutional and 25 non-institutional theatres. It has been initiated in
2007. It involves presentations of the most interesting theatrical performances of the season, dance theatres and street
performances, as well as theatrical workshops, meetings with actors, multimedia presentations on the history and
activities of the institution. It integrates the theatre circles, public institutions, NGOs and businessmen producing
theatrical performances. The shows take place on all stages of institutional and non-institutional theatres (stages, halls,
basements, gardens), as well as in outdoor spaces. Most outdoor projects are non-verbal or musical, with international
tourists in mind. In the third edition of Theatre Night participated 11 institutional and 25 non-institutional theatres. Overall
70 performances were staged, with a viewership of approx.. 20 thousand (5 thousand more than in 2008). In 2010 (the
night of June 18/19) 41 theatres and theatrical groups participated in the project.
Performances and concerts 45897
47383
50298
Viewers
9600669
9843294
202,62
195,7
9609302
The number of viewers per 209,37
performance / concert
Compiled from the data of the CSO report "Culture 2007", Warsaw 2008.
In 2007, 4078 concerts and performances took place in Malopolska – 190 people per show. 15 In
Krakow 3420 performances and concerts took place, with 676.015 viewers and listeners – 197.7
people per show. 16
In the same period, in theatres and musical institutions of Mazowieckie 10828 performances and
concerts took place; Slaskie: 6325; Dolnoslaskie: 4558; Lodzkie: 3384. Malopolska places fourth,
after Mazowieckie, Slaskie and Pomorskie.
Performances and concerts in theatres and musical institutions of Malopolska comprised 8.1% of
the country’s total, with the viewership of 7.9% of the country’s total.
THEATRICAL OFFER
It is characterized by a large diversity of theatrical and quasi-theatrical forms and crossing the
boundaries of the conventional theatre.
The most popular types of forms are:
15
16
-
Adult performances
-
Children’s plays
-
Theatre festivals
-
Theatrical workshops
-
Drama reading (Ludowy Theater, Nowy Theater)
-
Outdoor shows (Street Theatre, MIM)
-
Performance/Happening/Quasi-theatrical activities
-
Dance theatre
-
Opera
Kultura w wojewodztwie malopolskim w 2007 roku, Krakow 2008.
Kultura 2007, CSO report, Warsaw, 2008.
-
Operetta
-
Theatrical experiments
-
Amateur theatre
-
Theatrical exhibitions
Large competitiveness of the offer results in many concurrent events (exhibitions, concerts,
performances, educational meetings, reviews, screenings and festival-type events, often outdoor).
On the other hand, a small number of seats in Krakow’s theatres for the number of potential
viewers, citizens and tourists, makes it necessary to book tickets beforehand, even 3 months
before the scheduled show, makes it impossible to spontaneously participate in theatre
performances and therefore is counterproductive to culture participation.
Lack of theatrical space results in lack of room for non-professional and youth groups as well as
professional theatrical groups without a given stage.
Information on upcoming events can be found in a few weekly newspaper supplements (e.g. Co
jest grane?, Gazeta Wyborcza), free magazines (Metro, Echo, Krakow.pl) and in dedicated
monthlies (Karnet, Miesiac w Krakowie). Large competitiveness influences the level of the offer
and the importance of promotion effectiveness.
In 2007 in Krakow, 3420 performances and concerts took place, with 676.015 viewers and listeners
– 197.7 people per show.
According to data in Kultura w wojewodztwie malopolskim w 2007 roku report 17, the most active
entities in terms of event organization in Malopolska are community and culture centers (71.6%).
Galleries and art salons organized 6.7% of the events in 2007.
17
Kultura 2007, raport GUS, Warszawa 2008.
Cracovia Danza Court Theatre Festival
Ticketed audience at Krakow’s self-governing theatre performances
Based on data of Department of Culture and National Heritage of the City Council
Number of open-air performances
Number of open-air
2007
2008
2009
performances by city
116
98
177
theatres in Krakow
KTO Theatre and Cracovia Danza Court Ballet develop the biggest number of outdoor
performances.
Table: Participation of municipal theatres in theatre festivals
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
17
22
22
44
36
20
28
37
57
53
Total number of festivals in
which municipal theatres
participated
Number of performances at
aforementioned festivals
Krakow’s municipal theatres attend theatre festivals in Poland and abroad every year. The
participation in the festivals is increasing (17 festivals in 2005, 36 in 2009). The most active festival
theatre is the Ludowy Theatre (5-12festivals annually in 2005-2009), followed by Cracovia Danza
Court Ballet and Groteska Theatre. On average, municipal festivals presented 39 performances a
year at various festivals.
Musical institutions and NGOs in music domain in Krakow.
The city and region’s musical institutions and organizations present a wide and opulent musical
assortment. It comprises of public musical institutions (opera, philharmonic, 2 city orchestras) and
non-government organizations (34 of them are active in the music sector), numerous bands
presenting varied genres of music and 22 music schools.
The number of concerts organized by musical institutions in Krakow, 2005-2009.
PUBLIC MUSICAL Number of concerts/performances
INSTITUTIONS
Karol
Szymanowski
Philharmonic
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
529
492
502
489(1)
551(2)
Krakow Opera
135
154
147
142
161
Capella
53
62
72
53
82
27
32
38
50
45
744
740
759
734
839
Cracoviensis
Sinfonietta
Cracovia
Total:
1/ including 333 sessions for schools for 28 975 participants
Prepared by: Department of Culture and National Heritage of the Krakow Municipal Office on the
basis of data from the City Council of Krakow and the Malopolska Marshal's Office of the
Malopolska Voivodeship
Number of participants in the concerts organized by music institutions in Krakow in 20052009.
NAME OF
INSTITUTION
Karol
Number of participants
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
137 000
116 100
129 000
109 375(1)
102 000(2)
61 879
77 800
68 439
62 100
85 000
16 361
22 373
26 463
29 411
22 332
13 691
19 544
25 497
36 911
38 323
228 931
235 817
249 399
237 797
247 655
Szymanowski
Philharmonic
Krakow
Opera
Capella
Cracoviensis
Sinfonietta
Cracovia
Total
Prepared by: Department of Culture and National Heritage of the Krakow Municipal Office based
on the date from the City Council of Krakow and the Malopolska Marshal's Office of the Malopolska
Voivodeship
Apart from musical institutions mentioned above, a numerous number of musical organizations can
be named, with orchestras, choirs, bands, folklore and jazz groups, inter alia: Zespol Muzyki
Dawnej Camerata Cracovia, Zespol Muzyki Dawnej "Fiori Musicali", Stowarzyszenie Artystyczne
"Muzyka Centrum", Quartet Klezmer Trio, Philharmonia Quintet (Wind Instrument Quintet),
Salonowa Orkiestra Camerata, Forum Sinfonia - Orkiestra Kameralna Akademii Muzycznej w
Krakowie, Galicyjska Orkiestra Straussowska OBLIGATO, Amar Corde String Quartet, Jagiellonian
University
Baroque
Orchestra
"Consortium
Iagiellonicum",
Akademicki
Chor
Organum,
Stowarzyszenie Mieszany Chor Mariański, Kameralny Chor Muzyki Dawnej "Canticum Novum,
Jagiellonian University Choir, Boba Jazz Band, Aleksander Glondys’ KwartetKwintet , Jazz Band
Ball Orchestra, Old Metropolitan Band, Tomek Grochot, Marek Balata JAZZ SINGER, Tomasz
Stańko, Janusz Muniak and many others.
Industrial forms and design
Industrial Form Department has been created in 1963 at Krakow’s Fine Arts Academy as Poland’s
first design school. It occupies the building of the former Industrial Museum, associated with Polish
applied arts history, connecting artists, designers and craftsmen in one cause. “Industrial design”
integrates art, science and technology. Innovatory product forms and its user features, improving
the quality of life through shaping of friendly surroundings are the creative synthesis and humane
aspect of a designer’s role.
The department works with national institutions (e.g. Central Work Assistance Institute, Industrial
Design Institute, Scientific Research Committee, Ergonomics Committee and The Ergonomics
Board of Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow Polytechnic, AGH, Jagiellonian University, Industrial
Form Designers Association – SPFP), international design and artistic colleges (in Helsinki,
Toulouse, Kent, Ljubljana, Bratislava, Budapest, Offenbach, Paris, Essen, Berlin, among others). It
is a part of the ICSID, organizes international conferences and symposiums, competitions,
exhibitions, i.e. Design Biennale (4 editions so far), and staff members participate in many
international conferences and congresses, like The Human Village Congress in Toronto; they are a
part of the European organization of artistic and design schools CUMULLUS; participate in
exhibitions and conferences (6 projects) in Carrousel du Louvre in Paris. Currently there are studio
and research works as a part of the Humantec no.5 European Program. An extensive exchange of
workers and students takes place in the CEEPUS (Central European Exchange Program for
University Studies) program and Socrates/Erasmus program. Students and graduates are winning
awards in many prestigious design competitions in Japan, Finland and Korea. Industrial Form
Department graduates are being hired and valued in renowned international design centers and
many national design and production companies as well as publishing houses, i.e. Delta Design,
Zelmer, MH Art Project Studio, Triada Design, Ergo-Design.
The department educates in the art of design with specialties such as product design and visual
communication, both full-time and part-time.
Other branches of creative industries:
Film Industry
REGIONAL FILM FUNDS
Starting in 2005 with the creation of the Polish Film Institute, a new cinematography funding
system is being shaped. The best European standards and systems formed in France or Germany
have proven that the factors necessary for the proper functioning of such systems are regional film
funds. There are over 100 such initiatives in Europe – 36 in France, and in Germany nearly entire
cinematography is being funded in such a way. In Poland there are ten regional film funds already,
with two more to be created in the near future.
Regional film funds are the initiative of local governments, aimed at participants of the film market.
Usually the local authorities reserve a part of the budget for funding of a movie or movies, later
announce a script contest and present the producers with the money based on submitted projects.
The condition necessary for participation in such a contest is connecting the contents of the movie
(its plot or theme, in case of a documentary) with the region. This way the authorities invest in
promoting the region, since it is being shown in the movie, and the movie is being screened at
international festivals. Another advantage is the fact that often obtaining such grant is conditioned
with spending a similar amount in the area (for example by purchasing services), which stimulates
the local economy, and the production itself, taking place locally, creates new job positions.
All film organizations in Poland care about the development of regional funds. Therefore Polish
Filmmakers Association, along with Polish Film Institute and National Chamber of Audiovisual
Producers took it upon themselves to create an Internet platform for information on current regional
film funds offers in Poland.
Krakow’s Regional Film Fund
The first film production support contest under the Regional Film Fund in Krakow has been held in
April 2009. The Krakow Festival Office coordinated the fund activities, launching the Krakow Film
Commission in the process.
Budget
The Regional Film Fund in Krakow, in its first contest, presented the projects with the support of
film production in the amount of PLN 1.35 million. PLN 500.000 has been produced by the
Malopolska Voivodeship, and 850.000 by the Krakow Municipality.
Participation conditions
The aim of the contest is the financial support of film and television production connected with the
Malopolska Voivodeship and the City of Krakow by its themes and location. Krakow Festival Office
participates in projects approved in the contest as a co-producer with its own financial contribution.
Projects submitted in the contest are approved by the Film Committee and the Program Board.
The most important criteria are: cognitive and ethical values of a project, its importance in retaining
a positive image of Malopolska Voivodeship and the City of Krakow, selecting distinctive scenery,
as well as the cost evaluation, percentage of the Fund’s assets in the production expenditures, the
amount of money spent in the region and the expected economical effect of the production. Past
achievements of the producer and the director, including artistic and economical results of previous
undertakings, are also considered. A project may score some more points if the experts consider its
development as particularly important.
The contest for film production support by the Regional Film Fund in Krakow is being held at least
once a year.
Productions so far: Mala Matura 1947, Mistyfikacja, Zydowski Spiewnik Wojenny.
According to Krakow Festival Office, in 2010 (January-October) there were 150 shooting days held
in Krakow. PLN 2.6 million has been invested in 3 projects as a part of the RFF in 2009. The
producers invested almost PLN 9 million in the region.
The size of expenditures in the region, connected to the projects above is at least PLN 30M.
In most cases the participation of local crew and companies reached approx. 80% of total
production. A database of companies and film occupations, ran by the Krakow Film Commission,
has grown by 10 new companies and 30 producers in the period of January-October 2010. It
currently encompasses 90 companies and 80 producers.
Krakow Film Commission after 12 months became a part of the EUFCN, the elite association of the
most active and experienced film commissions in Europe. The membership guarantees a vote and
participation in works on functioning rules of the film committees and simplifies international co-
producer deals by Malopolska producers.
Regional Film Fund in Krakow, as the only organization in Poland has been invited to the
European network of film funds CINEREGIO. This association has a real influence over
international co-production rules in Europe.
Initiated by the Krakow Film Commission, a Polish Film Committee has been created. KFC is a
founding member. PFC is the official partner of the Polish Film Institute and Polish Filmmakers
Association in creating the list of Polish films distributed internationally.
Alvernia Studios, a movie studio created on the city’s outskirts.
Alvernia Studios and Alvernia production have been named one of the most promising new film
studios by The Hollywood Reporter and London-based Moviescope. Since 2010, Alvernia Studios
provide complex services for clients producing movies, video games, advertisements and musical
projects, and Alvernia Production runs its own film projects and co-productions. It cooperates with
prominent Polish and international filmmakers, i.e. A. Wajda, J. Skolimowski, F. Bajon,
A.Heckerling. Alvernia’s entrance into the global film market has been eased by the project worth
PLN 17.9M named “Launching a studio and film set by an innovative technology of production and
film image processing”, with financial support by the UE of PLN 7.5M as a part of PO Innovative
Economy. Alvernia Studios, together with Film Polska Ltd. and Krakow Film Committee (KBF
branch) invited P.Chadh’s Bollywood film crew to shoot for his movie “Mujjahir”. An estimated third
of the movie’s $6M budget has been spent in Krakow. Alvernia Studios is effective in marketing
Krakow as Europe’s new, attractive film production spot.
Publishing houses, artistic and advertising agencies, artistic promoters.
In Krakow’s private sector there are more and more business entities that operate in the culture
sector each year. They often undertake public tasks in the culture sector. There are no uniform
registers of entities of this type with their fields of activities. Some of them last for a short period of
time and Internet data is not updated after the company has closed. There is no data on the
effectiveness of activities of the entities, which makes identifying and stocking them difficult without
specialized research.
There are numerous advertising agencies in Krakow. There are no reliable sources informing as to
their
number.
The
most
prominent
ones
are
Filmotechnika
and
AMS
JSC
(www.ams.com.pl/o_nas_zarzad.html).
The most active entities working with the Department of Culture and National Heritage are 26
agencies and artistic promoters, as well as 29 publishing houses. These compilations cannot
however be considered reliable sources of data on the overall number of such entities in Krakow –
they only signalize the occurrence.
Two of Poland’s top 10 publishing houses are situated in Krakow: Znak (www.znak.com.pl) and
Wydawnictwo Literackie (www.wydawnictwoliterackie.pl). Additionally, there are numerous smaller
publishers (private and in public institution structures), 30 of which are companies specializing in
the areas of art and culture. Krakow holds the biggest publishing event in Poland – Krakow Book
Fair (Targi Ksiazki w Krakowie). It is being held by Targi w Krakowie Ltd. Since its inception in
1996, it is a part of Polish Chamber of Exhibition Industry (www.polfair.com.pl), and for a couple of
years now a part of the International Congress and Convention Association (ICCA). In 2010 the
company has been awarded the prestigious title of the Business Gazelle for the third time.
Museum Shops
Museum shops can be found in all large Krakow’s museums, i.e. National Museum, Polish Aviation
Museum, Ethnography Museum, and Museum of Municipal Engineering. A shop with adjacent café
will be opened in the newly built Museum of Contemporary Arts, after its complete opening in early
2011. However, in many cases (except for National Museum and City of Krakow Historical
Museum) they are only makeshifts. The shop development may be connected to the wealth of the
institutions and the attractiveness of the assets and the visitors’ desire to possess some of its
image.
Artistic exhibitions in museum spaces.
Krakow’s public museums offer over 50 permanent exhibitions annually – 56 in 2009.
Chart: Permanent exhibitions in selected museums in Krakow
Based on the data of Department of Culture and National Heritage of the City Council
Table Permanent exhibitions in national and local government museums in Krakow
Amount of permanent exhibitions
2005
2006
2007
Polish Aviation Museum
6
5
6
7
8
Museum of Archeology
4
4
5
6
7
Ethnographic Museum
1
1
1
1
1
Historical Museum of the City of Krakow
9
9
9
9
9
Photography History Museum
1
1
1
1
1
Museum of Municipal Engineering
4
4
4
5
5
Armia Krajowa Museum
2
2
2
2
3
10
11
10
11
0
0
National Museum
No data No data No data
available available available
Wawel Royal Castle –
The National Art Collection
Manggha Museum of Japanese Art and
Technique in Krakow
Total:
27
26
28
2008
51
2009
56
Prepared by: Department of Culture and National Heritage of the City Council on the basis of the
data of the City Council of Krakow and the Malopolska Marshal's Office
Analyzing the 2008-2009 data, the biggest number of exhibitions was held by the National Museum
and Wawel Royal Castle – National Art Collection.
Among the cultural institutions funded by the local government, the highest number of exhibitions is
produced by the Historical City Museum of Krakow, which presented annually 9 permanent
exhibitions in the years 2005-2009. Next in the ranking are the Polish Aviation Museum, Museum
of Archeology and Museum of Municipal Engineering. These numbers may not be necessarily
connected to the creativity factor, but to the potential and functionality of the venues available to
the respective institutions.
The fewest number of permanent exhibitions has been presented by Armia Krajowa Museum and
the Ethnographic Museum, but their venues are very modest compared to other public museums in
Krakow.
When one counts the number of affiliates, the highest number of permanent exhibitions in years
2005-2008 has been offered to Krakow inhabitants by the Polish Aviation Museum and the
Archeological Museum, while in the municipal museum offer the highest number belonged to the
Museum of Municipal Engineering. The Historical Museum of Krakow presented 9 permanent
exhibitions each year in the period 2005-2008, which accounted to 0,8 permanent exhibition per 1
affiliate.
Temporary exhibitions
Chart: Temporary exhibitions in Krakow museums. Prepared by: Department of the Culture and
National Heritage of the City of Krakow
Table: Number of temporary exhibitions in the museums belonging to the local government
Museums
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
belonging to the
157
182
144
128
118
local government
The number of temporary exhibitions in the years 2005-2009 decreases annually. In 2005
municipal museums organized 157 temporary exhibitions, in 2009 the number was nearly 25%
lower in comparison to 2005. 29,3% of 157 of temporary exhibitions have been organized by
municipal museums and those co-operated by the municipality. In 2009 temporary exhibitions at
the municipal museum made up 33% of the total number of temporary exhibitions.
Patrons of exhibitions at museums in Krakow
Museums are a major attraction of Krakow. They are visited both by the city residents as well as
visiting tourists. This is confirmed by data presented in reports on tourist traffic.
Approximately 21% of the total number of Krakow’s visitors – according to the study compiled by
the Malopolska Tourist Organization – comes to Krakow to „see the landmarks”. Visiting landmarks
is one of the two basic purposes of tourists' visits to Krakow, next to leisure, both for domestic
tourists (as declared by 19% of the tourists surveyed) and foreign visitors (it is the principal
purpose of visit for 22,6% of the respondents). 18
18
Krzysztof Borkowski [project manager], Ruch turystyczny w Krakowie w 2009 r. Raport końcowy, Malopolska
Organizacja Turystyczna, Krakow –November 2009, 66-68.
Table: Number of visitors in museums in Krakow 2005-2009
Number of visitors
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Polish Aviation Museum
80075
71504
76412
82624
92592
Museum of Archeology
83474
97935
128625 108636
108224
Ethnographic Museum
36604
36754
28310
60000
Historical Museum of the City of 266107 276010
38823
352526 309497
386147
Krakow
Photography History Museum
96350
136170
108240 85410
99726
Museum of Municipal
37473
59053
106363 110434
103605
Armia Krajowa Museum
3961
7626
8578
5675
National Museum
344928 432851
405797 365132
480468
Wawel Royal Castle –
No data No data
No data 1251232
1215669
The National Art Collection
Engineering
Manggha Museum of Japanese No data No data
8538
No data 105 401
Art and Technique in Krakow
WieliczkaSalt Mine
1 028
1 065
1 159
682
857
635
1 097 473
102 894
No data
available
Prepared by: Department of Culture and National Heritage
The Wieliczka Salt Mine is an important competition for Krakow's museums, presenting only
attendance data for the report.
The highest number of visitors has been noted by the National Museum and the Historical Museum
of Krakow. These institutions are visited by approx. 300-400 thousands visitors annually. The
remaining institutions attract a far lower number of visitors. The number fluctuates between 50 and
100 thousands. The least appealing to visitors is the Armia Krajowa Museum.
Chart: Number of people who visited museums in Krakow in 2005-2009
Prepared by: Department of the Culture and National Heritage of the Krakow Municipal Office.
Retail sales of cultural goods
Retail sales of cultural goods in Krakow are handled by numerous private art galleries. Many of
them also operate exhibitions. There are approx. 100 art galleries in Krakow.
The activities of professional galleries presenting the achievements of both acclaimed and new
artists are a form of city's promotion as a center for artistic activity addressed towards artistic
communities, city residents and tourists – domestic and foreign.
The quest to create friendly conditions for the functioning of attractive and active art galleries on a
European level originates both from the need to preserve the city's cultural heritage and from the
city's responsibility to its artists, who are also Krakow residents. Krakow, a city of culture,should to
be associated by Poles and Europeans not only as a place with an expansive network of pubs
conveniently located in the Old Town cellars, but above all as a city of arts, a labyrinth of galleries
presenting Polish contemporary art and promoting Polish artists.
Contemporary art galleries and their activities are often the only source of income for the large
community of Krakow visual artists. Without the city's support, many existing art galleries would
have to be closed, which would lead to the decrease of the number of exhibition spaces and
reduction of the number of art merchants and dealers handling trades between artists and buyers.
In 1996, a non-bid process of renting commercial space in the communal buildings has
beenintroduced to help entities operating art galleries. 18 commercial space outlets located within
the Krakow city limits were made available. The Commission on Art Galleries qualified the entities
allowed for non-bid inquiries. The commission evaluated, among other things, the current activities
or the profile of a gallery yet to be established, a description of the artistic objectives with a
consideration given to plans of cooperation with local artistic community, as well as potential
publishing projects, publications documenting previous exhibitions and a business plan of the
gallery. 15 entities were allocated in the municipal venues until 2005.
Taking into consideration the need to create a long-term policy in the area of establishing material
and institutional conditions for cultural development (operation goal III - 4h Strategy for Krakow
Development) and a great interest in the possibility of operating an art gallery in the venues
procured from Krakow Municipality on preferential basis, the City Council approved “An Artistic
Patronage and Public Services Program in the area of culture – art galleries (Act nr CXV/1187/06
of the Krakow City Council, dated August 30, 2006), which extends the non-bid procedures for
rental of commercial space in communal buildings to entities operating art galleries. The program
excludes tenants who rented their venues through an official bid.
A positive evaluation form the Commission is required to initiate an inquiry to rent a space from the
Krakow Municipality's resources in a non-bid manner when it comes to operating an art gallery. It is
require to search for a proper venue in accordance with the Communal Building Management, The
commission's task is also to devise an annual evaluation of the art galleries included in the Artistic
Patronage and Public Services Program in the area of culture”.
The galleries enrolled in the program play educational and integrational roles in local and
professional communities. Every year the Commission of Creative Galleries makes an evaluation
of the galleries enrolled in the program, in accordance with the rules of the subchapter III.5
appendix to the Act Nr CXV/1187/06 of the City Council dated August 30, 2006, stating that the
galleries in question fulfill the conditions described in sect. 2 of subchapter III.1 of the appendix to
the aforementioned Act by which it is meant that they:
a) Conduct exhibition activities connected to rendering services in the area of arts and art dealings,
b) Implement set artistic programs,
c) Compile documentation on their exhibition activities in the form of catalogues, posters, flyers,
reviews, video registration or other.
In the year 2009, 19 galleries were enrolled in the program.
The oldest gallery, continuously operating since 1950 in the Polish art market, is DESA Dziela
Sztuki i Antyki,Ltd. The gallery conducts commercial and cultural activities, secures important
pieces of art for museum collection purposes, organizes promotion of contemporary arts and their
creators through exhibitions in Poland and abroad. DESA employs qualified assessors, court
experts providing expertise works and assessing values of artworks. DESA also possesses
antiquarian bookshops throughout the country and an Auction House in Krakow. DESA maintains
professional relationships with other auction houses in Poland and abroad, especially in the area of
Polonia art, among them Christie's, Sotheby's, Dorotheum, Nagel, Drouot. It cooperates in the area
of consulting with domestic and foreign museums.
DESA Company participates in the „Leonardo da Vinci” program, created on the basis of
cooperation with academic communities, enterprises and patronage institutions all over Europe.
DESA DzielaSztuki i Antyki Ltd. is listed in the European Union register as a trustworthy company.
Public sector collections of galleries and artistic salons, dated 12/31/2008
Local government galleries and art salons in Malopolska in 2009 - compilation of the CSO data
Private galleries and art salons in Malopolska in 2009 - compilation of the CSO data
Design Industry
Although the Industrial Form Faculty of the Fine Arts Academy in Krakow is known for its solid
curriculum, this area of arts – design, fashion, artistic design is not heavily exposed in Krakow.
Perhaps they lack force to break through the rich and diversified cultural offer. Fortunately there
have been a few new design-related events in Krakow. One of them was the first edition of the
„Design Attack” festival held in November 2010.
The aim of the festival was to draw attention to the use of new materials and to present the
influence of traditions of Austrian design on today’s trends, exhibition of young Austrian design
backed by the rich tradition of handicrafts and architecture of past, multicultural Austria and its
impact on the shape of contemporary design in this country. Selected examples of contemporary
design and innovations were presented. The exhibit’s aim was to bring up the subject of the
definition of national design in modern perspective.
Invited artists represent contemporary trends in the Austrian design in a broad context - the
exhibition consists of both prototypes and volume products, carried out on behalf of industrial firms,
unique facilities, large format digital printing, audiovisual materials, as well as objects defined as
anti-design, taking up the dialogue with functionality and tradition. Each of the presented
designers, despite their young age, is already having an impact on the direction of development
and trends in the Austrian design. All of presented design teams are award winners, both foreign
and domestic, and their works were presented at prestigious exhibitions throughout the world
(www.designattack.pl).
Source: www.krakow.pl
In Krakow, the Festival was hosted in: Rynek Podgorski 2/7, Szara Kamienica Gallery, Rynek
Glowny 6, 2 Światy Gallery,14Brzozowa Street , Association of Applied Graphic Designers, Atropos
Gallery at Miraculum, 23Zablocie Street , Stained Glass Museum, 23Krasińskiego Alley, CSW
Solvay, Zakopiańska Street 62, Bunkier Sztuki, Szczepański Square 3a, Austrian Cultural Forum,
9Napoleona Cybulskiego Street , Museum of Municipal Engineering, 15 st. Wawrzyńca Street,
Interior Architecture Department of Fine Arts Academy, Jewish Culture Center, 17 Meiselsa Street,
Kathedra Gallery, 23 Zablocie Street, Znaczy Się Gallery, 37 Kościuszki Street, Jerzy Tchorzewski
Atelier, 23Zablocie Street, Prodesigne, Galeria Kazimierz - Plac Historyczny, 34 Podgorska Street.
Video games market
Last months have seen record high rates of return for the shareholders of companies investing in
the video games market. Malopolska is currently a region heavily involved in the IT sector. There
is a new cluster called European Game Center in Krakow. The cluster's objective is to support
the development of the video game industry. Several video game companies from Krakow are
involved in the cluster along with the Academy of Technology and Science (AGH), Jagiellonian
University and Krakow Technology Park. Malopolska has great resources and potential thanks to
the existence of many companies. As an example we can mention Tate Interactive, a pioneer
among video game manufacturers in Poland or Reality Pump, a subsidiary of Topware, the author
of the hit title “Two Worlds”. Another important partner in Krakow is Blooper Team, the author of a
new music game created in collaboration with the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage –
Music Master Chopin. It should be remembered that Malopolska also features a number of
companies supporting the production of video games. Polish Ministry of Culture and National
Heritage is an active supporter of the creation of new games, as it is one of 5 technologies for the
future economic development of the voivodeship.
Additional branches in culture:
Artistic handicraft
There are many artistic handicraft shops in Krakow, small and large. The most renowned company
in this sector is "CEPELIA" Polska Sztuka i Rękodzielo Ltd. The company also operates the
Cepelia Foundation, though it's headquartered in Warsaw. The Foundation’s objectivesare
preservation, organization and fostering of folk craftsmanship as well as art and art industry. The
foundation is engaged in activities leading to the creation and maintenance of conditions for
cultivation of traditional values of the Polish nation, solidifyingthe cultural identity of the nation; it
also participates in the creation of the contemporary Polish culture.
The Foundation collaborates with international organizations active in the area of culture and arts
with a special focus on organizations fostering folk and artistic handicraft.
The foundation:
1. Supports research in arts, handicraft and ethnography
2. Organizes exhibitions, showings, concerts, readings and conferences
3. Creates, implements and supports the activities of exhibition facilities, art galleries and art
dealerships
4. Organizes and manages folk and regional performing groups (dance and music)
5. Supports publishing of books, manuals, periodicals, brochures, flyers and other publications
related to the foundation's mission
6. Organizes and supports art contests
7. Establishes awards and scholarships as well as other forms of aid to artists
8. Is engaged in promotion of Polish culture and arts abroad
9. Supports activities in the area of architecture and art and landmark conservation.
In 2009, on the 60th anniversary of its establishment, the CEPELIA Foundation held a contest for a
Souvenir from Poland. The idea was to obtain new, original souvenir designs promoting Poland.
477 entries – almost 900 works – were submitted to the contest. It was possible to submit entries in
two categories: “Inspiration” – souvenirs up to date with modern trends and tendencies of
contemporary industrial design, and “Tradition” – souvenirs based on Polish culture.
Collaboration between the Municipality of Krakow and other economic entities operating
the cultural area
Entities engaged in commercial cultural activities operate based on their registration in the city
president's register. Business activity can also be conducted by non-government organizations and
other entities registered with the National Court Register.
The specifics of the projects commissioned (purchase of services rendered on the Krakow
Municipality territory, services rendered to Krakow’sartists) are not limited to the collaboration with
enterprises operating on municipal grounds (registered with the President of Krakow), as their
objective is related to the activities of Krakow’s artists and Krakow itself in general, and not the
support of business activities of the entity commissioned for a project. It is also important to note
that the majority of activities in the area of culture do not generate revenue that might cover the
production costs of an artistic or cultural undertaking.
The group of entrepreneurs, whose services are considered for a potential public order includes:
art management agencies, art galleries and publishing houses. These entities are often initiators of
interesting artistic events and publications documenting Krakow’s cultural heritage. Also, Krakow's
artists, when looking for a promoter of a concert or exhibition, may turn to a business with a
request to produce it. It is possible to procure a cultural service from an entrepreneur through a
public procurement.
Between 2004-2009, the resources of Culture and National Heritage Department have been used
for concerts, plays, exhibitions, as well as publications and exhibition folders, inter alia: Silent
Movie Festival, concert series: “Concerts at Krakow’s Most Beautiful Courtyards” and “Summer
Concerts for Radio Krakow”, and exhibition devoted to memories of Julian Jonczyk and Eugeniusz
Mucha on his 80th birthday.
While implementing cultural events in the years 2004-2009, the Krakow Municipality collaborated
with more than 40 entities:
ART. BLUE Artistic Promotion Agency,
“Classica” Artistic Agency,
“CASTELLO” Concert-Publishing Agency,
NH STYLE Promotional Agency,
OKO Promotional Agency,
Cepelia Polska Sztuka i Rękodzielo Ltd,
Collegium Collumbinum
Cracovia Music Agency
Informator Sp. z o.o.
“Loch Camelot” city cabaret
Cinema Pod Baranami
Witold Lutoslawski Krakow Conservatory
Krakow Multimedia Group
Księgarnia Akademicka Ltd,
Musica Iagellonica Ltd.,
ANABASIS Publishing Annex
KWADRAT Publishing Annex
„Piano Nobile” Art Gallery
Polskie Wydawnictwo Muzyczne S.A.
Prowincjonalna Oficyna Wydawnicza
“Radio Krakow” JSC
Rostworowski Modern Art Gallery
Studio Aneks,
Targi w Krakowie JSC
TOProduction Kompania Artystyczno-Promocyjna
“SECESJA” Publishing and Printing House
Grafia Publishing House
Jagiellonia JSC Publishing House
Wydawnictwo Literackie Ltd.
Private-public partnership is implemented most of the times as collaboration between nongovernmental agencies, still rarely with private businesses.
In 2009 agreements were executed with 15 entities:
• Judaica Foundation – Jewish Culture Centre (NGO)
• Willa Decjusza Association (NGO)
• International Print Triennale Association (NGO)
• Friends of Piwnica Pod Baranami Klub 40 Association (NGO)
• Towarzystwo Milośnikow Historii i Zabytkow Krakowa (NGO)
• Ars Cameralis Foundation
• Catholic Culture Center
• STUDIO A Association of creators of Animated, Experimental and Video Movies
• Towarzystwo Edukacyjno-Naukowe Ośrodek Myśli Politycznej
• “Otwarta Pracownia” Artistic Association
• STeN Non-institutional Theatre Association
• Teatr Nowy Association
There is one agreement with a national, public cultural institution (International Cultural Centre),
two with institutes of the Jagiellonian University – Institute of Culture and Institute of Public Affairs
of the Faculty of Management and Communication.
Architecture
Numerous interior design studies.
City Heritage
Krakow possesses the largest in the country resources of cultural goods with the highest cultural
and artistic value. The heritage register includes 1236 sites, with 7720 registered objects. Krakow
Municipality owns or administers 700 historic sites. The scale of Krakow’s heritage is seen through
the prism of: Royal Wawel Castle and Cathedral, 10 urban systems, 37 rural systems – former
medieval villages, 93 sites and residential compounds, 95 sacral compounds (including Europe’s
only system of 7 synagogues), 180 public sites, 4 mounds, 17 cemeteries, 24 parks and historic
green zones, relics of defense walls from various eras, 184 military sites related to the
Austrian Krakow Fortress, over 40 sites and industrial systems, over 480 original chapels,
figures and road crosses. The interiors of landmark buildings hold over 25 thousand art pieces, that
comprise their décor and equipment; over 17 thousand can be found in numerous museums and
private collections.
Television stations
Krakow Television
Radio stations
· Radio Alfa
· Antyradio
· Radio Bez Kitu
· Radio BLUE FM
· Radio Blue FM
· Radio Eska
· Radio Flash
· Radio Krakow
· Studenckie Centrum Radiowe NOWINKI
· Planeta FM
· RMF Classic
· RMF MAXXX
· Radiofonia – Akademickie Radio Spoleczne
· Radio Region
· Roxy FM
· VOX FM
· Radio Zlote Przeboje
4.2. Private sector status - main trade: art and performance art
Defining the area of art and performance art
The most active areas of art, which can create a basis for development of culture industries in
Krakow, are film, theatre, art galleries and museums (arts based on copying images of various
masterpieces found in numerous museums of Krakow), as well as industrial design.
4.3. Art and performance art status
Theatre and its art
There are many non-public theatre groups in Krakow including: Stowarzyszenie Teatr Mumerus,
Stowarzyszenie Dialog, Stowarzyszenie Teatrow Nieinstytucjonalnych STEN, performing mostly on
Scena Teatru Zaleznego, Barakah Theatre, Piwnica św. Norberta, Kabaret Loch Camelot, Nikola
Theatre (formerly Teatr Bialy Klaun), or Krakowski Teatr Faktu Niny Repetowskiej.
Most important non-public stages, theatres and theatre groups in Krakow (nongovernmental organizations and entities running economic activity).
TEATR NOWY (a society; has its own stage)
Krakowska Opera Kameralna (a foundation; has its own stage)
Stowarzyszenie Teatr Mumerus
Teatr BARAKAH (Foundation of 10 Talents for Teatr Barakah; has its own stage)
Kinoteatr Uciecha (economic entity; has its own stage)
Loch Camelot (economic entity; has its own stage)
Piwnica Pod Baranami
Piwnica Św. Norberta
Kabaret Pod Wyrwigroszem
Formacja Chatelet
Teatr MIST (Fundacja Międzyludzkie Inspiracje Sztuka Teatralna Teatr MIST)
Teatr Profilaktyczny w Krakowie
Krakowski Teatr Figur
Teatr Tańca DF
Teatr Wspolczesny w Krakowie (economic entity)
Teatr Proscenium (without legal entity)
Krakowski Teatr Faktu (without legal entity)
Stowarzyszenie Teatr Dialog
Stowarzyszenie Teatr Atelier - Krakow
Balet Form Nowoczesnych AGH
Stowarzyszenie Folklorystyczne Teatr Regionalny
Kabaret Entertain Dragon (economic entity)
Krakowski Teatr Tańca
Scena Moliere, 4 Szewska Street
Number of scenes and seats at the most important theatres in Krakow
The listing also includes concert halls and concert music institutions.
Name of institution
Public sector
The National Helena Modrzejewska Old Theatre in Krakow
Ludowy Theatre
Bagatela Theatre
Groteska Theatre of Puppet, Mask and Actor
Laźnia Nowa Theatre
KTO Theatre
Slowacki Theatre
Krakow Theatre - Scena Stu
Krakow Opera
Cracovia Danza Court Ballet
Karol Szymanowski Philharmonic
Stages of theLudwik Solski State Drama School
Auditorium of the Community Centre in Nowa Huta
Downtown Cultural Centre Hall
Private sector
New Theatre Stage, Gazowa Street
Contemporary Theatre Stage, Starowiślna Street
Subsidiary Theatre Stage
Krakow Chamber Opera Scene, Miodowa Street
38 Theatre (Pod Jaszczurami Club)
Rooms in the basement of Club Klezmer Hois (Theatre
Barakah)
Kinoteatr Uciecha – auditorium
Number of The maximum
stages
number
of
seats in the
auditorium
3
2
4
2
2
1
3
1
2
0
2
5
1
1
728
400
668
464
700
70
596
222
940
0
793
776
550
80
1
1
1
1
1
2
96-100
70
80
120-150
45
50
1
308
Piwnica Pod Baranami (private)
Loch Camelot
Total:
1
1
36
100
100
Maximum
7990
Based on data in the table above, there is 1.06 seat per 100 inhabitants in Krakow’s theatres. 19
CINEMAS IN KRAKOW (2009)
Altogether there are 15 cinemas active in Krakow and they have over 80 cinema halls at their
disposal, which can accommodate 15.552 viewers. Five of the above mentioned cinemas are
private multiplexes (each of them has more than 6 cinema halls). Together they have 62 halls for
12909 viewers. One of the multiplexes – one that was most recently opened in Krakow – Cinema
City Bonarka, which has 20 halls, may be even classified as megaplex (cinemas which have over
20 halls are usually considered megaplexes). Cinema City Bonarka has 20 halls for 3235 viewers.
Six smaller private cinemas have 16 halls for 2219 viewers altogether. The biggest one in this
group is Krakowskie Centrum Kinowe ARS, which has 5 halls for 508 viewers. Only 4 small
cinemas (having a single hall each) work in cultural institutions of community structures. These
cinemas have no independent legal entity. Jointly they have seats for 424 people.
The Krakow Municipality financially supports 4 cinemas functioning in the municipal cultural
structures. The remaining cinemas may apply for the municipal support in connection with festivals
and cultural projects.
Museum institutions in Krakow
a/ museums operated by the Minister of Culture and National Heritage (3)
b/ city museums (4)
c/ museums operated by the Krakow Voivodeship (3)
d/ co-operated (1)
e/ museums operated by higher education schools (11)
f/ church and religious museums (10)
g/ other private museums (11)
19
According to the CPO data dated September 2009, the population of Krakow is 755.7 thousand. Data obtained from: :
Biuletyn Statystyczny Miasta. Informacje i opracowania statystyczne za IV kwartal 2009, Rok XI, Urzad Statystyczny w
Krakowie, Krakow, 2010.
Museums in Krakow, 2009
NATIONAL MUSEUMS
3
SELF-GOVERNMENT MUSEUMS
7
UNIVERSITY MUSEUMS
11
CHURCH AND RELIGIOUS MUSEUMS
10
OTHER PRIVATE MUSEUMS
11
TOTAL
42
Prepared by: Department of Culture and National Heritage of the Krakow Municipal Office on the
basis of the data from the City Council of Krakow and the Malopolska Marshal's Office.
Private galleries
113 private galleries were identified while working on the strategy for cultural development; 19
galleries benefit from preferential rent rates in the municipalprogram:
1. Antoni Kawalko Stala Wystawa Malarstwa – 1 Sloneczne Estate
2. ASTRUMM – 22 Św. Tomasza Street
3. „ATTIS” – 14 Starowiślna Street
4. FOTO-Bielec – 6 Inwalidow Square
5. Jan Fejkiel Gallery – 65 Grodzka Street
6. Galeria Autorska Andrzeja Mleczki – 14 Św. Jana Street
7. Galeria Autorska Mariana Gologorskiego – 29 Grodzka Street
8. Galeria Autorska Jana Siuty – 14 Slawkowska Street
9. Galeria ARTEMIS – 15 Poselska Street
10. Gallery Café Arti Do Tuum – 18 Jozefa Street
11. Galeria Fotografii – 22 Św. Tomasza Street
12. Galeria Fundacji Sztuki Osob Niepelnosprawnych – 94 Krolewska Street
13. Galeria Labirynt – 15 Jozefa Street
14. Galeria Olympia – 18 Jozefa Street
15. Galeria Szalom – 16 Jozefa Street
16. Galeria Sztuki Afrykańskiej “Teranga” – 48 Kalwaryjska Street
17. Galeria Ubioru i Wystroju Wnętrza „Stary Sklep” – 16 Jozefa Street
18. Galeria Zderzak Marta Tarabula – 3 Floriańska Street, 3rd floor
19. Galeria Zwiazku Polskich Artystow Fotografikow – 24 Tomasza Street
5. Status of public cultural sector, intermediate sector and
cultural networks
5.1. Status of public culture sector and strategies of promotion for the
creative industries
Culture Public sector in Krakow is definitely the dominant one. Many projects and programs would
not be implemented without public support.
However, starting in 2006 Krakow has put an emphasis on the development of the film industry and
on the creation of conditions and resources in the city, which would attract film producers.
According to the KBF data 150 shooting days were completed in 2010 (January-October). PLN
2.6M has been invested in the production of 3 films in 2009, whereas film producers spent PLN 9M
in the region (a press interview with Rafal Orlicki, KBF Deputy Director – July 12, 2010, Dziennik
Polski).
Currently, in works on 2010-2014 culture development strategy, there has been an important
discussion on making the city's theatres more competitive by stimulating the growth of private
theatres in Krakow and the development of the theatre industry.
There was also a discussion on the issue of underestimating of design arts, fashion and industrial
design, as such areas which require support through growth stimulating mechanisms so that as a
result they will contribute to the economic development of the city.
5.2. Status of intermediate sector
The best example of good practice in this area is the 6 Senses project.
The “6 Senses” brand is a cultural project made up of the Krakow’s existing cultural events as well
as new productions. 6 Senses is a project that connects the most important of Krakow’s cultural
events. It is a first undertaking of its kind in Poland, and a joined budget of events is over PLN 25M.
6 Senses is the first Polish project creating a common brand for cultural undertakings. Its logo
brands events ofa broad spectrum of events from various fields of the arts – from classical and
chamber music, Polish and XX century contemporary music, to countercultural film “off” art,
unconventional concerts and theatrical performances, mass events, displays, multimedia
installations, traditional and public space exhibitions.
Six Senses include such festivals as: Misteria Paschalia, Sacrum-Profanum, Polish Music Festival,
Photo Month in Krakow, as well as new undertakings: ArtBoom, International Independent Cinema
Festival Off Plus Camera, Divine Comedy Theatre Festival, Film Music Festival, Selector Festival,
Unsound Festival, Milosz Festival and Conrad Festival.
The development and promotion of regional, national and international cultural events, often cooperated by other cultural institutions, creative associations and international partners is operated
by Krakow Festival Office (KBF).
Other networks have not yet resulted with such a massive success. Stowarzyszenie Teatrow
Nieinstytucjonalnych SteN, which includes NGOs and entrepreneurs supported in a minimal way
by the Krakow Municipality, has not made a significant impact.
5.3. Presentation of cultural profiles and profiles of organizations
associated with art, informal networks and creative scenes
Krakow may very well continue developing the profile of a city of festivals – musical and theatrical,
jazz, a city of poets and literature.
There are several organizations and cultural institutions specializing in various branches of the
cultural sector – theaters, galleries, museums, cultural centers, and musical and fine art
associations. They are self-governed, they sometimes collaborate on specific projects, rarely unite
in a network in order to lobby for the development of culture and art.
Malopolska Siec Kin Cyfrowych (Malopolska Digital Cinemas Network) is a project of Krakow’s
Cinema Development Foundation, using EU MRPO 2007-13 funds. 12 local Malopolska cinemas,
Mikro Film Art Club and Mikroffala among them, have been equipped with modern digital
equipment with 3D screening capabilities. Network management (partnership deals) is conducted
using an Internet platform, citizen communication portal and marketing instruments. The network is
adjusted for satellite reception and file storage. Modern cinematic technology, film asset obtaining
optimization and organizational synergy (know-how, good practice) are the foundations of a
successful region digital cinema network. As a result, in 12 cinemas there has been a viewership
increase of over 100% (60.596 in 2009, 121.921 in 2010). New products have been offered –
broadcasts of operas, ballets, concerts, as well as composite products, e.g. combining cultural
education in culture centers with cinema visits (artistic event broadcasts, lectures, screenings).
Therefore local cinemas take on the role of art houses. Building a local cinema network is a model
solution of the plan of national and European digitalization. It effects in raising the competitiveness
and increasing the attractiveness of Malopolska and Krakow. The project is coordinated by Marta
Majerska-Samek, vice-president of the Cinema Development Foundation.
Stowarzyszenie Teatrow Nieinstytucjonalnych STeN(STeN non-institutional theatre association)
Created in 1999, the association organizes both NGO theatres and individual creators. The
purpose of the association is allowing professional creators to develop and stage their
performances and theatrical activities that stem from their artistic endeavors and aspirations. STeN
has been Krakow’s first NGO uniting non-institutional theatres based on professional artists in
order to lobby for its members.
The 6 Senses mentioned above – a type of network/cluster.
Creative Stages:
Stowarzyszenie Teatr Mumerus has been created in 1999. Since that time the theatre had over a
dozen premieres, co-productions, educational programs, represented and promoted Krakow at
festivals and guest appearances in Poland and abroad. The Minister of Culture and National
Heritage showed his appreciation towards the theatre by awarding it with a distinction at a national
contest for staging a European classical work. The theatre is a NGO uniting professionals. It has
no fixed income source.
Teatr BARAKAH is the initiative of Monika Kufel and Ana Nowicka. It is supposed to be a place for
dialogue, culture, religion and viewpoint meeting by presenting preview showings of contemporary
Polish and international dramaturgy, promoting the young generation of artists in Poland and
abroad, allowing the development of new, young artists and the popularization of new culture
occurrences, with unconventional artistic undertakings, new ideas from the area of art and culture.
Teatr Nowy at 21 Gazowa Street has been established in 2006 by graduates of Krakow’s
universities (PWST, ASP, UJ). It has been devised as the answer to the lack of independent space
that allows professional conditions for young artists (directorial and actor debuts). So far the
theatre completed many innovative projects, like:
1. “Mloda Scena Letnia” (5 editions) – as a part of the project, “Filozofia w buduarze”,
directed by B. Hussakowski has been staged.
2. “Europa. Sztuka bez granic” (3 editions) – among others, “Kuszenie cichej Weroniki”,
directed by S. Kaczmarek.
3. “Re-Kreacje: Ibsen” – among others, the Polish advance showing of Dea Loher’s
“Calopalenie”, as well as the first premiere of Henrik Ibsen’s “Little Eyolf” in a century.
4. “Przepisywanie mitow” and “Prywatne/polityczne w Nowym Teatrze” – reading of
contemporary dramas, a cycle with, inter alia, drama-writing workshops conducted by
Cecillie Loveid and Jan Neuman.
5. “Teatr Nowy – Teatr Aktywny” – a course of free theatrical workshops for Krakow’s high
school students.
Teatr Nowy (the association) cooperates with numerous culture and science sector entities (PWST,
UJ, Dom Norymberski, CK Rotunda, Goethe Institute, Instituto Cervantes, Instituto Italiano di
Cultura, Panga Pank Publisher, among others). Teatr Nowy performances have been presented at
numerous festivals in Poland (Divine Comedy, Kontrapunkt, Opolskie Konfrontacje Teatralne,
Reminiscencje, Fanaberie, Talia) and abroad (guest performances in New York, Rome, Oslo,
Vienna, Moscow, Berlin, Nurnberg).
5.4. Status of cultural activity
Which types of events, cultural problems and joined private-public partnerships, interested in
terrain development, can be found in the city?
Reliable and efficient private-public partnerships can be a great solution to many problems of
today’s public culture institutions:
1. Issues of co-funding cultural events by the private sector.
2. Raising the cultural institution space quality (theatres, but also multi-purpose culture
and community centers, functioning in a non-appealing context of modern shopping
galleries).
3. Creating modern infrastructure for the culture sector.
4. Quality of the cultural offer and its effective promotion (culture industry companies –
advertising and artistic agencies can be a fantastic partner in many projects.
5. Creating and active functioning of networks and culture industry clusters influences
the development of the economic sector and improves the material condition of an
artist, on whose material or intellectual creations culture industries are based.
6. Presentation of the area of the Museum of Municipal
Engineering in Krakow and its surroundings in the city
6.1. Spatial and geographical determinants
The Sw. Wawrzynca Quarter hosts the Museum of Municipal Engineering, a culture institution
organized by the Krakow Municipality.
The lot is a communication complex built in late XIX – early XX century (tram depots, bus garages,
administration buildings and technical facilities) at 15 St. Wawrzynca Street in Krakow. It
encompasses 9 buildings of total usage space of over 4 thousand square meters, as well as a
courtyard and maneuver squares with the area of 3500 square meters.
1
2
Revitalized Sw. Wawrzynca Quarter (1. D hall with the maneuver square, 2. Museum entrance, B,
D, J buildings).
Location of the Lot:
Country
Region
Municipality
Poland
Malopolska
Krakow
· Krakow Metropolitan Area, an urban area of Krakow, the old district of Kazimierz, the left
bank of the Wisla River
· Direct Location: District I, 15 Sw. Wawrzynca Street, plot No. 125 / 1 rev. 12Downtown
Krakow
· usable area: 86 acres
„Sw. Wawrzynca Quarter” – building of a cultural center in Krakow’s Kazimierz area.
The Municipality of Krakow is the owner of the real estate with the historical tram depot complex at
15 Sw. Wawrzynca Street. The municipality, as the Museum organizer, co-funds its daily and
investment activities and supports the Museum in promotional actions. The real estate has been
handed over to a museum in 2005. for a period of 25 years.
Museum of Municipal Engineering, established in 1998, conducts activities towards the
international heritage, i.e. for a lasting and active preservation of movable and immovable
landmarks of technology, city engineering in particular (energetics, gas, communication, water
supply and flood protection, roads). The museum gathers technology landmarks, documentation
and scientific description of museum objects, their conservation and displays in forms of
exhibitions, public showings, publications, science and educational projects.
The museum is in possession of unique technology objects: landmarks of Polish automobile
industry (largest public museum collection in Poland), city transportation (Poland’s biggest
collection of technically proficient and street-worthy tramway wagons from early XX century) and
technology: printing presses, housing, office technology. Interactive exhibitions on science and
technology history are on display, first ones of its kind in Poland.
The Lot’s surroundings
Near the museum there exists a historical complex directly connected to public transportation: the
headquarters of Krakow City Electric Railways (three story office building, brick-based, 13 Sw.
Wawrzynca Street, owned by the Municipality of Krakow, used by Krakow’s MPK, JSC) as well as a
dispatching building and the electric tram depot (timber-framed buildings, 12 Sw. Wawrzynca
Street, no function).
The museum real estate is juxtaposed with postindustrial areas: city power plant (currently adapted
to a office-living-hotel complex) and the city gas station (objects currently revalued, function:
administrative-office). In farther surroundings there are postindustrial complexes (river boulevards,
old Podgorze power plant), historical housing and service complex of the Kazimierz district.
Museum of Municipal Engineering attendance, 2005-2009
Number of people who visited the museum 2005-2009
Visitors/Year
Museum of Municipal Engineering
2005
2006
37 473
59 053
2007
106 363
2008
110 434
2009
103 605
Prepared by: Department of the Culture and National Heritage of the Krakow Municipal Office.
The revalued Quarter area is harmonized wit the landmark object complexes in Krakow’s
Kazimierz, which have been intensely revalued in the past 10 years, e.g. Jewish culture landmarks,
adjacent to the museum buildings of the XX. Lateran Canons monastery, City’s Gas and Power
Plants.
In terms of functionality, the quarter corresponds with the former Podgorze power plant situated on
the right-hand bank of Wisla in Podgorze. The landmark power plant complex is currently adapted
as the headquarters of Tadeusz Kantor’s Art Documentation Center and Museum. As a part of the
project, a modern, large exhibition museum building is being erected. The modern pedestriancyclist walkway, usable since the second half of 2010, connects both postindustrial areas, adapted
to new cultural functions.
Museum of Contemporary Art is created by the Krakow Municipality in old Schindler’s Factory in
Podgorze. Investment completion took place in November 2010, and the exhibition opening has
been planned for the 2nd quarter of 2011. Creating this institution is a part of revitalization and
activation of the Zablocie area as a postindustrial zone. The museum is set to be Krakow’s first
model culture institution that deals with professional collecting and research into contemporary art,
with an art collection of prominent Polish and international artists.
The Sw. Wawrzynca Quarter is a part of the Krakow Technology Route – Poland’s first industrial
tourist route.
6.2. Previous use of the land and its buildings
The postindustrial quarter in the southern part of Kazimierz has been well connected with the
city center and main city routes, filled with industrial complexes and technical infrastructure in late
XIX and early XX century (gasworks, communications complex, power plant, river boulevard, Wisla
bridges and their access routes). Currently with no production functions, with its urban and
historical substance degraded, it is a field of activities for preparation or conducting revitalization
investments.
Sw. Wawrzynca Quarter is built-up of 8 historical buildings and 2 temporary objects (metal sheds).
The buildings have been erected between 1882-1929, as brick and framed structures (wooden
pillars and bolts with braces). They have been designed by prominent Belgian and Polish
architects (H. Geron, K. Knaus, F. Maczynski, T. Stryjenski, E. Ronka).
1
2
1. Tram depot, D hall and the square, around 1930
2. River boulevard, Kazimierz industrial buildings: gasworks, power plant and the tram depot,
1920s.
The Kazimierz tram depot has been in use until the 1960s, when almost entire track layout has
been removed. Converted to warehouse–workshop facilities and bus and special vehicle garages,
the buildings gradually lost their original function, which reflected negatively on their state.
The historical complex with its maneuver squares has been enrolled onto the Landmark Register in
1985 (A 680) because if its unique historical and architectural features. The depot is the only one of
its kind in Poland and one of the very few in Europe communication complexes with preserved
objects illustrating the development of urban communication in late XIX – early XX century (horse
tramway depot, electrical narrow- and normal-gauge railway depots, bus garages, dispatch offices,
tramway power plant, workshops, technical and administration facilities). The depot area and the
integral area of Sw. Wawrzynca Street, as a part of Kazimierz, has been registered as a UNESCO
World Heritage site and is considered a History Landmark. (Ordinance of the President of Poland
concerning the establishment of the history landmark – “Krakow – historical city complex”, 1995)
The depot area, owned by the Krakow Municipality, has been selected in 1992-1993 as one of the
strategic areas of revitalization of Kazimierz (Kazimierz Action Plan – a document prepared as a
result of cooperation between Krakow, Edinburgh and Berlin, funded in the ECOS program).
Revitalizing of this historical district of Krakow has been, in practice, limited to the Jewish culture
heritage in the next decade. An obstacle in revitalization and revaluation operations has been the
complicated legal ownership status of the estate, as well as spontaneous gentrification of the
district. At the turn of the century, Kazimierz has been revalued in selected, valuable for the region
and country catholic landmarks. The revaluation of selected secular and postindustrial objects
begun as well. The most spectacular and controversial deeds were adaptations for the catering
and leisure businesses. At the same time it sparked interest in areas adjacent to Wisla and the
Podgorze district on the other riverbank. The former tram depot area, because of its location and
cultural potential, became even more crucial to the development of Kazimierz, revealing its neglect
during the process.
The depot revaluation, started in 1985, has been led in the direction common for the revaluation
process, i.e. investment of public assets in the key complex, adapted for cultural purposes. Such
actions were supposed to be a clear signal of the planned spatial requalification of the area, and,
as a consequence, the entire district. Public assets designated for this purpose were limited until
2007, leading to a limited use of the potential of both the landmark urban-architectural complex and
the existing museum. Intensive revaluation processes began only in 2007.
Between 2007-2010 a thorough conservation and adaptation for cultural functions of the
postindustrial complex took place, a pilot program for the revitalization of Kazimierz: 7 landmark
buildings (B, C, D, E, F, H, J) and the landmark courtyard and maneuver squares; 4 buildings
underwent construction-conservatorial activities (B, C, E, F); two buildings underwent the
conservation of the elevation wall (J, H); the conservation of the D building has been limited to the
basements. The revaluation of squares and the courtyard has been thorough. A tramway traction
between the museum (F hall) and the railway at Sw. Wawrzynca Street has been laid out, which
allowed the communication using historical wagons (the museum could venture outside) and the
animation of the space around the museum. The F hall is being used as an active depot for
landmark tramway cars, restored between 1985-2008, and as space for exhibitions and other
cultural projects.
Museum of Municipal Engineering, the F hall (1912 and 2010).
The majority of the activities has been completed as a part of the project “Sw. Wawrzynca
Quarter – building of a cultural center in Krakow’s Kazimierz”, co-financed by the European
Union with PLN 11.9M of the Malopolska Regional Operational Program 2007-2013, Priority no.3:
Tourism and cultural industry, Activity 3.2, scheme A.
The area of the cultural heritage objects supported by the project: 1662 square meters (buildings
thoroughly revaluated) + 650 square meters of the elevation wall + 3500 square meters of the
squares.
6.3. Planning status
The historical postindustrial complex of the Sw. Wawrzynca Quarter is being used for modern
cultural activities, since its cultural potential, extraordinary, postindustrial character and material
assets (cubature, courtyard+squares) predestine it for such functions.
The project “Sw. Wawrzynca Quarter – building of a cultural center in Krakow’s Kazimierz” allows
to increase attendance in the museum at Sw. Wawrzynca Street, from 59 thousand in 2009 to 85
thousand ultimately in 2014. 6 new permanent jobs have been created.
Indicators of Source of
expected
obtained
results
information
Number of
Cash
Units
2009
Person 59.000
2010
2011
2012
2013
66.000
72.000
78.000
85.000
people using reports,
the objects of reports to
the Quarter in the CSO
one year
and
Krakow's
City Council
It is worth mentioning that in the years 1998-2006, as a result of revitalization activities, 28
permanent jobs have been created. The annual attendance in the Museum of Municipal
Engineering increased from 5000 (1998) to 20000 (2003) and 34000 (2005).
For planning of the development of Sw. Wawrzynca Quarter, references to Krakow’s and region’s
strategic documents are of crucial significance. The Strategy for Development of Malopolska
Voivodeship, Strategy for Development of Krakow, and especially the new Strategy for Cultural
Development in Krakow for the years 2010-2014, grant the culture sector a vital spot on the scene
of significant changes in the region that “draws from the heritage of the past and preserves its
identity in integrating Europe”.
Cultural institutions accomplishing pro-development projects have a chance to take advantage of
broad possibilities of improving the condition of culture – in human, material and infrastructural
aspects – as well as working out a new perspective of permanent development.
The Museum of Municipal Engineering, set up with a modernized infrastructure and broadened
offer, cooperating with other cultural institutions, will become an important factor of “free time
industry” and cultural industries impact on the socio-economic animation of Krakow and
Malopolska.
In a long-term perspective, the Sw. Wawrzynca Quarter will support the following developmental
tendencies:
-
Krakow’s and region’s economical development, based on culture and creative industries
-
Development of culture tourism
-
Popularization of interdisciplinary forms of culture presentation
-
Development of educational function of culture institutions.
The implementation of a new program in a new postindustrial space will contribute to the
popularization of science, technology and cultural undertakings, as well as present the
revitalization of the landmark postindustrial space – Kazimierz tramway depot – with a practical
aspect.
The planned development of the Museum of Municipal Engineering also fits well with the
propositions of the “Stare Miasto” Local Revitalization Plan, flagship project: Kazimierz –
Podgorze. The revitalization of the Sw. Wawrzynca Quarter is the first project in a group of
undertakings, leading to a full regeneration of the city tissue of Krakow’s Kazimierz.
Flagship project “Kazimierz-Podgorze”
www.rewitalizacja.krakow.pl
The plan includes, inter alia:
-
Thorough revitalization and modernization of public spaces in Kazimierz: Sw. Wawrzynca
Street, Wolnica Square, Mostowa Street
-
Building a pedestrian-bicycle walkway on Wisla
-
Thorough
revitalization
and
modernization
of
public
spaces
in
Old
Podgorze:
Brodzinskiego/Staromostowa Street, Podgorze Market Square, Na Zjezdzie Street
-
Thorough revitalization and modernization of public spaces and green areas: Nadwislanska
Street/Wisla Boulevard
-
Thorough revitalization and modernization of green areas.
The future of Sw. Wawrzynca Quarter has been described in the Strategy for Development of the
Museum of Municipal Engineering in Krakow for the years 2009-2015: The mission is “The
development of institutions and museum resources supporting the museum brand as a science
and technology center through the support of society education in the importance of science and
technology for the development of modern civilization, building an attractive event offer that
influences the perception and reception of industrial heritage image, including the integration of
local communities in the postindustrial space of Sw. Wawrzynca Quarter as a human friendly
space”.
The development idea for the Museum of Municipal Engineering is:
“Museum as a culture institution functioning in a citizen friendly space, recognizable nationally and
internationally thanks to its assets and the level of education-recreational offer attractiveness, as
an institution that documents and promotes in a modern way knowledge on the influence of
science and technology of the development of urban civilization, with the particular inclusion of the
heritage of Krakow and Malopolska”.
The Museum of Municipal Engineering has been provided with organizational, legal and financial
means allowing the management of Sw. Wawrzynca Quarter in a long-term perspective.
Revaluated in 2007-2010, the complex of the former Depot is situated in the spatial and
organizational structure of the museum.
Museum’s status as a public institution, gathering, protecting and exhibiting cultural goods, allows
to set a distant time frame for the stability of developmental projects.
6.4. Potential implementation functions
The revitalized building complex is used by the Museum of Municipal Engineering for the
implementation of statute goals, i.e. gathering, exhibiting (temporary and permanent exhibitions,
presentations), conservation, scientific description and popularization (through educational
activities in the form of museum lessons) of technology landmarks. The F hall is used as an active
depot for landmark tramways, as well as exhibition and cultural projects space (artistic exhibits,
displays, plays, concerts).
The museum displays 4 permanent exhibitions:
-
“History of Polish automobile industry”
-
“Around the Wheel”, interactive exhibition
-
“Tramways on Wawrzynca Street”
-
“Krakow printing, XV-XX century”.
Outside of the museum, “Ogrod Doswiadczen” (Experimental Garden) is in place by Park Lotnikow
Polskich on Aleja Pokoju, with the area of 7 ha – an outdoor educational-scientific exhibit
containing interactive models.
“Around the Wheel”, an interactive exhibition in the D hall of the former depot.
A cultural event on the square in front of the D hall.
Museum of Municipal Engineering Component in the Second Chance project.
In the restored and modernized depot, the museum creates a cultural center. The first activity
needed under the Second Chance project is testing it as a platform for various international
activities: exhibitions and performances, meetings, conferences, workshops and concerts
(festivals) for all the inhabitants and guests. A particular emphasis shall be put on family-friendly
projects and activities.
The success of the undertaking requires the participation and integration of three groups: artists
(especially the young ones looking for new spots), guests (especially families) and interested
parties (local authorities, citizen associations). To increase the cultural attractiveness and space
usefulness for everybody, the following actions are planned:
1. Creating a family-friendly space with a cultural offer: equipment, interactive
installations (used by artists) for kids, a LED screen,
2. Preparation and implementation of a visual identification system for improved
visibility of the site and defining of the former tramway depot as a “place with a
history” for all visitors: information signs, electronic information signs, touchscreens, audio guides,
3. Preparation of a spot at the museum’s courtyard for the future organization of
cultural events and an artist zone: tents, displays, technical equipment,
4. Revaluation of the postindustrial joined hall complex of the electric narrowgauge railway tramways of 1901 – the replacement of the roof on the area of
1015 square meters.
In 2010 a revaluation of the museum courtyard (250 square meters) took place as a part of the
“Sw. Wawrzynca Quarter – building of a cultural center in Krakow’s Kazimierz”, co-financed by the
European Union. These works were originally planned in the investment scope of the Second
Chance project. The museum applied for the possibility of alternate works as a part of the WP 4.1
small-scale investments – the replacement of the roof, including the removal of worn and leaky
bitumen cover and replacement with steel plate cover, replacement of the degraded (as revealed in
the cost estimation works) rafters along with the thermal isolation and sealing the rainwater
collectors. Because of the character and complexity of the works, the museum requested a
consent to conduct the whole of WP 4.1 small-scale investment during one calendar year, January
through December of 2012.
As a result, the Krakow Municipality is to execute the repairs of roofs of the depot halls. The
museum shall conduct a visual identification of the depot area, purchase the equipment and
appliances for the facilities in order to organize outdoor events.
Tasks specified in the Strategy for the Development of the Museum of Municipal Engineering,
chosen by reason of the context of the Second Chance Project:
1. STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE: FUNCTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE INSTITUTION AS A
MUSEUM OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
1. OPERATIONAL OBJECTIVE:Systematic enrichment of the museum offer as
an institution gathering and exhibiting industrial culture landmarks and
documents connected to the development of urban civilization.
Task 1
Brand building of the institution as a Museum of Science and Technology.
Task 3
Pursuit of the most interesting forms of exhibiting and sharing of items.
Task 4
Multidirectional development of promotional tools and institution assets.
2. OPERATIONAL OBJECTIVE:The development of research and scientific
activities of the museum.
Task 2
Popularization of research on industry heritage history in Krakow and the
region, nationally and internationally, through educational activities and
publications.
3. OPERATIONAL OBJECTIVE:The development of educational activities of the
institution as a museum of science and technology.
Task 1
Sharing items for scientific and educational purposes and educational
activities.
Task 2
The museum as a place of education through entertainment.
4. OPERATIONAL OBJECTIVE: The development of modern museum staff.
Task 2
Improvement of museum staff’s competences.
5. OPERATIONAL OBJECTIVE: The development of cooperations with other
similarly aimed institutions and organizations.
Task 1
Cooperation with science and technology museums in Poland and abroad.
Task 2
National and international cooperation in the museum network.
Task 4
Cooperation with NGO in the field of promotion and science and technology
knowledge expansion.
II. STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE: REVITALIZING OF THE PUBLIC SPACE IN THE SW.
WAWRZYNCA QUARTER THROUGH BUILDING OF AN INSTITUTION WITH A STRONG
SURROUNDINGS IMPACT AND INTEGRATING OF THE LOCAL COMMUNITY.
1. OPERATIONAL OBJECTIVE: Building of a cultural center in Kazimierz - Sw.
Wawrzynca Quarter
Task 1
Investments leading to creation and launching of a free time industries
quarter.
Task 4
Creation of a friendly public space and architecture.
2. OPERATIONAL OBJECTIVE: Effective promotion of the institution through
artistic projects.
Task 1
Integration of a local community through outdoor artistic events.
Task 2
Promotion of the Sw. Wawrzynca Quarter as an artist-friendly space.
III. STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE: RAISING THE LEVEL OF SELF-FINANCING OF THE
INSTITUTION.
1. OPERATIONAL OBJECTIVE: Effective use of modern management methods,
specific to service business management.
Task 1
Constant raising of the institution effectiveness through wider outsourcing.
Task 3
Planning and implementation of basic museum functions based on latest
methods and techniques.
2. OPERATIONAL OBJECTIVE: A search for alternative financing methods.
Task 1
Obtaining partners and sponsors for the implementation of proprietary
projects.
Task 2
Obtaining European funds for the activity and development of the institution.
Task 3
Obtaining partners among other entities functioning in the culture sector.
3. OPERATIONAL OBJECTIVE: Development of the service enterprise function
of the museum.
Task 1
Creating an attractive paid services offer.
Task 2
Renting spaces, objects, display items.
Task3
Implementing new technologies in museum operations.
6.5. Ideas for the future
Ideas leading to relevant solutions and effective projects for the Sw. Wawrzynca Quarter should be
primarily directed towards creative and culture industries. They stem from individual creation,
abilities and talent, displaying strong tendencies towards creating prosperity and jobs through
production and utilization of intellectual property. These industries are: film, music, publishing and
media (television, radio, press, Internet) production, advertising, graphic, industrial and fashion
design, architecture, art galleries, theatre arts and artistic crafts, landmark and art conservation,
video games and software.
The dominance of the pictorial culture and partial transition of our lives to the virtual sphere
shouldn’t cause stronger defense mechanisms, but rather more thoughtful ways of using
civilization advances of the information era (Bogdan Zdrojewski, Minister of Culture and National
Heritage, in the essay Przemysly kultury w rozwoju regionalnym i lokalnym- doświadczenie
wroclawskie).
The development of technology, media, new forms of artistic expression, influx of EU funds,
created broad perspectives for creative and culture industries. According to the Kern report, culture
industries generated on average 2.5% of GDP in countries of the European Union in 2003.
According to data from the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage, in Poland it generated 4.5%
of GDP in 2000.
This sector creates a large number of attractive jobs – it is a global tendency. The sector
employment in the U.S. in 1999 was M7.6 persons, and in Poland in 2004 – 230.800 persons
(1.7% of overall employment).
According to the World Bank, 50% of global expenditure goes toward creative products, and
creative industries comprise 7% of global GDP.
A trendy and useful base for culture and creative industries are postindustrial revitalized objects
and areas. In Krakow metropolitan area, good environments for innovative and creative
undertakings are, for example: Kazimierz district with the Sw. Wawrzynca Quarter, Zablocie district
with Oscar Schindler’s Factory, adapted to a branch of Krakow History Museum, as well as the
new Museum of Contemporary Arts. The revitalization projects contain: Kamienna Street cargo
train station with its planned “Między Torami” Creative Time Spending Center and NOVA PARK in
Nowa Huta’s Arcelor Mittal Poland JSC area. An area of over 1000ha is waiting to be managed and
used for so-called “clean businesses” (with IT and Internet technologies), business incubators, a
branch of Special Economic Zone, artistic activities space, locations for creative sector companies,
Industrial Technology Museum and a recreational area in Przylasek Rusiecki. It is one of the
world’s biggest revitalizations of its kind, comparable to Hamburg’s Hafen City, which may provide
with space for organizations, institutions and culture and art companies and institutions.
The active presence of creators, businessmen and consumers in creative district-areas, creates an
atmosphere favorable to life quality improvement, culture entities cooperation and development of
its industry, which in turn provides dynamics for the local and regional economy.
6.6. The mission of the museum and Krakow Technology Route
The Museum of Municipal Engineering has at its disposal the infrastructure, revaluated and
modernized in years 2007-2010 toward the needs of a cultural center. In order for the revitalization
of the Sw. Wawrzynca former depot to provide a lasting result, the museum should implement its
program according to its own 2015 development strategy and its culture-creating mission.
MUSEUM MISSION MODEL
Based on ASHRIDGE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT CENTRE
AIM (general)
We function in order to gather and protect items documenting the
development and achievements of industrial science, technology and
civilization; in order to promote knowledge about the industrial heritage
of the country and region, its rich material culture, to stimulate the need
of learning about the world of science and technology, create the best
conditions for education of society through entertainment in a friendly
space.
STRATEGY
VALUES
(strategic domains)
What do we believe in?
Competitive position and special
competences; basic domain of activity
The
museum
exists
for
the
people, not the display items.
Competitive advantages
Science
The museum site – landmark complex
changing the world, having an
of former depots – is a wonderful
enormous impact on civilizational
background for research, educational
progress.
and exhibition activities including new
The museum is not only a place
media.
of education, but also social
and
integration,
What
position
do
we
want
to
technology
meeting
are
and
recreation spot.
achieve?
The
Building and promoting the museum’s
space can wonderfully serve the
brand to be recognizable in Poland and
society as a modern multimedia
abroad.
museum
A
thoughtful
museum
resource
revitalized
or
development
postindustrial
a
of
place
free
of
time
development, so that it becomes a
industries.
competitive to similar institutions in
The knowledge about science
Europe.
and technology discoveries and
It should be an important institution in
the history of their development
the field of conveying knowledge about
impacts the pace and quality of
the industrial heritage, science and
civilizational progress.
technology
Attractive
The museum can become an
public services in that field are also
development.
attractive partner for economy
vital.
and technology sector entities.
Creating the offer for inhabitants and
tourists,
Raising
functions.
region
value
Krakow’s
promotion.
metropolitan
MODES OF BEHAVIOR
(politics,
behavioral
patterns
supporting
Museum’s
special
competences, its system of values, activities and patterns supporting
our values)
A/ People gladly extend their knowledge if it is served in an attractive
way.
B/ A journey through the world of scientific discoveries and
experiments can be a wonderful adventure, for both young and adult
recipients – museum patrons.
C/ Education in the industrial heritage area is a chance to pass on the
knowledge about civilization development and ways of life of passing
generations to posterity.
The Museum Mission and Strategy have been formulated from the viewpoint of the recipient of
culture and art goods 20 - the viewer, listener, participant and user. Without him or her, no cultural
institution or offer holds any meaning. It is with them in mind that the museum should build its
image. However, the stakeholders’ interests cannot be neglected. They are, inter alia, creators and
business entities active in the creative and culture industry sector (architects, art conservators,
photographers, art galleries and agencies, producers of movies, advertisements and video games).
Subsequently – business representatives, especially operating in lines of work connected with the
museum’s activities, e.g. in the context of revitalizing the Sw. Wawrzynca Quarter or free time
industry (hotel and restaurant owners, travel agencies managers), construction businessmen,
furniture manufacturers, postal and delivery service companies, Internet companies.
The new product of the cultural heritage, binding the Museum’s mission and strategy, its program
activities and the stakeholders, is the Krakow Technology Route. The museum is the originator of
the idea for the Krakow Technology Route and Malopolska Technology Routes, expanding active
forms of preserving the industrial heritage. The goal of the projects is to promote landmarks and
technology quirks, unused potential as new products of culture and free time industries. The routes
also serve the purpose of activation of owners and users of such objects, promoting modern
technology culture asset management and creating and promoting a modern route offer, expanded
by a selection of tourist services (accommodation, food, information centers, guide services,
souvenir and regional article merchandising).
The Krakow Technology Route is the first industrial tourist route in Poland. It is an important piece
of the Malopolska Technology Routes. The first 6-km section (others are being prepared)
encompasses the most valuable industrial landmarks of Krakow of late XIX and first half of XX
century – 16 objects total. Among others, they are: train station with the landmark station hall
20
Artur Paszko, Narodowa Strategia Rozwoju Kultury na lata 2004-2013.Perspektywiczna wizja polityki kulturalnej
państwa czy wyimaginowana koncepcja urzędniczego widzenia kultury?, Notes Biblioteczny, no. 2(202), 2004.
(1844-1847), Schindler’s factory, railway-road overpass, the Gotz brewery at Lubicz Street, power
plant by the Slowacki Theatre, Zieleniecki Forge (oldest preserved part of the Ludwik Zieleniewski
factory, dated 1851), fire watchtower on Westerplatte Street, City Gasworks (1856-1857), Pilsudski
bridge and Podgorze power plant (opened in 1900).
The route also contains postindustrial revitalized objects. They have been given a second chance
as culture and creative industries spaces, e.g. city theatre power plant (theatrical stage), tramway
depot (museum), Podgorze power plant (museum and culture center) or Schindler’s factory (2
museums).
The plans are to lengthen the Krakow Technology Route with additional routes containing
postindustrial revitalized objects, like the Armia Krajowa Museum at 12 Wita Stwosza Street,
Aviation Cultural Park with the new main building of the Polish Aviation Museum in Krakow.
Krakow Technology Route, Course no.1, Krakow Glowny train station – Schindler’s factory.
6.7. Summary
Revitalization of Kwartal Sw. Wawrzynca (St Lawrence Quarter) is the first project in the group of
enterprises leading to full regeneration of the urban tissue of Kazimierz district as a part of the „Old
Town” Local Revitalization Plan.
Museum located in the historical Depot, renovated in 2007-2010, is the cultural center of Sw.
Wawrzynca Quarter. As a part of the project Second Chance this place will be tested as a platform
for various international activities: exhibitions and performances, meetings, conferences,
workshops and concerts (festivals) for all citizens and guests. Special emphasis will be put on
family-friendly projects and activities.
The success of the enterprise requires participation and integration of three groups: artists
(especially young ones, who are searching for new places), guests (especially families) and
interested parties (local authorities, citizens associations). The following activities are predicted:
creating family-friendly space with a cultural offer, preparing and implementing a system of visual
identification, preparing a place in the Museum courtyard for organization of cultural events and a
zone for artists, replacing roof covering on the surface of about 1015 m2 in Depot halls.
It is predicted that as a result of revitalisation activities the attendance in the Museum headquarters
at św. Wawrzyńca Street will increase from 59 thousand in 2009 to 85 thousand people in 2014 .
Until now 34 permanent job positions have been created in the Museum.
Post-industrial objects and areas that underwent revitalization are a fashionable and useful base
for cultural and creative industries. In Krakow, Kazimierz district with Sw. Wawrzynca Quarter,
Zablocie district with Oskar Schindler's Factory adapted for a branch of Historical Museum of
Krakow and a new Museum of Contemporary Art are becoming an environment for innovative and
creative enterprises. In reference to cultural and creative industries activities the Museum of
Municipal Engineering realizes and plans new cultural projects in Sw. Wawrzynca Quarter as far as
2015. The Krakow Industrial Heritage Route is a new product of cultural heritage, which links the
mission and strategy of the Museum and its program activity with that of the interested parties.
Krakow Route includes also post-industrial objects that underwent revitalization. They received a
second chance as spaces for culture and creative industries, e.g.: Municipal Theatre Power
Station (theatre stage), the Tramway Depot (museum), Podgorze Power Station (museum and
cultural center), or Schindler's factory (2 museums).
The future of Sw. Wawrzynca Quarter, its mission, goals and main activities have been defined in
the Strategy of Development of the Museum of Municipal Engineering in Krakow for the
years 2009-2015.
7. SWOT Matrix
Tradition
In Krakow there exists a strong tradition of services in the areas of culture and art and a number of
qualified public and private institutions (non-governmental organizations, art agencies, booking
agencies) that offer such services.
However, there is no tradition or habit of paying for culture. In the consciousness of citizens there is
a conviction that culture and art are areas to which they should have access for free.
Educational outposts (schools), non-school educational outposts and public cultural institutions are
responsible for development and promotion of competence of culture and art reception. In recent
years public cultural institutions have started to undertake more activities aimed at cultural
education, which improves the attractiveness of their offer.
Cultural education in museums
Museum classes are becoming more and more popular every year as form of education used by
museums and exhibition institutions. In 2007 Communal museums realized 710 museum classes
for 16 192 participants. In 2008 - 1056 classes (i.e. 32,78% more) for 321 164 participants.
Number of museum
classes/workshops
Communal museums
Number of participants in
museum classes/workshops
Communal museums
2007
2008
710
10056
2007
2008
16192
321164
Prepared by Department of Culture and National Heritage of Krakow City Council
Table Sample summary of the number of participants in museum classes
Number of
participants in
museum
classes/workshops
2007
2008
2009
Archeology Museum
87 306
Data not available
Data no available
5610
11970
Data not available
9 011
Data not available
22 299
18 430
Data not available
7561
20785
Data not available
956
1982
Museum of
Municipal
Engineering
National Museum
20 172
Wawel Royal Castle
– The National Art
Collection
Manggha Museum
of Japanese Art and
Technology
International Centre
of Culture
Interest in the museum classes at the Museum of Municipal Engineering in 2005-2008
Year
2005
2006
2007
2008
122
150
258
399
2 308
3 631
5 610
11 970
7,63
6,81
6,52
12,09
Number of
museum
classes
Number of
students
participating in
classes
Number of
classes per 1
employee
Educational activity of theatres
In general Krakow theatres concentrate on producing theatrical enterprises. Some of them,
however, are searching for and developing other forms of contact with the audience, undertaking
educational activities. The greatest range of educational activities is run by „Cracovia Danza” Court
Ballet, which realizes a few dozen workshops and historical-theatrical lessons every year. In the
years 2007 and 2009 almost 3 thousand people participated in them, and in 2008 as many as 3850
people. Court Ballet also prepares lectures and exhibitions. Teatr Ludowy has for many years
consistently realized very popular therapy through art workshops. In 2007 „Bagatela” theatre
realized a one-time workshop series.
Table: Educational Activity of two communal theaters
Name of institution
and kind of art
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
----
31
58
77
56
----
800
2900
3850
2950
Other activities
----
----
----
----
----
Lectures
----
14
32
50
41
----
880
3200
5000
4480
Exhibitions
----
----
1
2
1
Ludowy Theatre
---21
21
26
30
education activities
Court ballet “Cracovia
Danza”
Workshops , history
and drama classes
----
Number of people
participating in
workshops
Number of people
participating in
lectures
Therapy trough art
Course
28
Prepared by: Department of Culture and National Heritage of Krakow City Council
Numerous cultural institutions constitute „attractive spots” on the cultural map of Krakow
(museums, art galleries). On the other hand, a characteristic quality of Krakow is the labyrinth of
artistic cellars (Old Town area), in which numerous artistic and cultural activities are realized.
Another attraction for culture recipients, also in the context of future cultural industries are the
remains of the former Twierdza Krakow (Krakow Stronghold) – post-Austrian fortifications,
including e.g. Fort Krzeslawice, in which there is a youth cultural center, as well as still unused Fort
św. Benedykta in Podgorze district, cultural-touristic routes and cultural stops.
Among the projects planned for realization in the area of cultural and leisure industries, which will
soon become attractive spots on the map of Krakow it is worth to mention Malopolski Ogrod Sztuki
and Gallery of Jerzy Duda-Gracz. They will offer complementary services to those offered by the
cultural institutions already active in Krakow, especially Gallery of Contemporary Art „BUNKIER
SZTUKI”, Tadeusz Kantor's Art Documentation Centre „CRICOTEKA” and formally opened on the
1st of January 2010, but still in the process of creation as far as cultural offer is concerned –
Museum of Contemporary Art in Krakow.
Gallery of Contemporary Art BUNKIER SZTUKI in Krakow
It presents international contemporary art in a wide cultural context. It is opened for multimedia art,
video art and performance. Its activity takes place on a few connected levels. It organizes
exhibitions, meetings, presentations and discussion panels, film showings and artistic activities in
public space. BUNKIER SZTUKI presents around 10 exhibitions a year, as well as a few dozen
meetings, lectures, film showings, discussion panels. Great exhibitional and editorial achievements
as well as forty years of tradition make the Gallery one of the best and most important exhibition
institutions in Poland.
The Gallery promotes artists linked with Krakow environment. It enables the youngest to make a
career start. It is known for presenting classics of world and Polish art. It organizes exhibitions
showing the condition of contemporary painting and video projects. It also hosts problem
exhibitions reflecting on the institution of gallery and exhibition, identity of artists, curators and
strategies of artistic activity in the contemporary world. Most presentations are accompanied by
extensive catalogues and discussion panels with critics. Meetings of the Bunkier Sztuki Club are a
very important part of activity. Presentations, discussion panels and film showings take place three
times a week on average. These events are very popular. Bunkier Sztuki also runs an artist-inresidence program. Residence offers an artist a possibility to work within the context of Polish
culture; either as an individual experience or cooperation with other Polish artists. Since the very
beginning organizers met the needs of artistson many different levels. The Gallery offers artists:
organizing exhibitions, workplace, technical base, exhibition space, accommodation, and
organization of meetings with appropriate organizations and artists in Poland. Until now the Gallery
hosted four three-month residences founded by The Arts Council of England and Art in General
New York.
BUNKIER SZTUKI employs experienced curators (of exhibitions, websites and Club) and has its
own technical crew. Exhibition space is divided into three floors and makes it possible to adapt the
interior for any exhibition. There are a few variants of lighting.
BUNKIER SZTUKI is one of the most important Polish institutions presenting contemporary art and
phenomena growing around it and shaping it. It is an artistically independent cultural institution
financed by the Krakow Municipality.
Tadeusz Kantor's Art Documentation Centre „CRICOTEKA” in Krakow
Tadeusz Kantor's Art Documentation Centre „Cricoteka” – at ul. Szczepańska 2 in Krakow is a
specific institution which simultaneously serves as an archive, "museum", gallery and scientific
outpost. Tadeusz Kantor's Gallery-Workroom "Pracownia - Galeria" active since 1995 is a kind of
„annex” to „Cricoteka”. In that apartment - workroom Tadeusz Kantor created the last works of his
life in the years 1987-1990. Next to that "Poor Room of Imagination",there is a small gallery. The
Krzysztofory Gallery at ul. Szczepańska 2 in Krakow, run by Cricoteka together with
Stowarzyszenie Artystyczne Grupa Krakowska, has been a place of permanent presentation of
exhibitions linked with various aspects of life and work of Tadeusz Kantor for years.
The Centre is an initiator and investor of the project to create a new headquarters in an adapted
building
of a former Podgorze Power Station at 4 Nadwiślańska Street and a new-designed
building at 2 and 4 Nadwiślańska Street in Krakow.
A regional institution of culture of Malopolska Voivodeship local government, at first working as
Theater Centre Cricot 2 was established by Tadeusz Kantor in 1980. For almost ten years the
Centre created institutional basis for functioning of Kantor's theatre, at the same time fulfilling a
role of "Live Archive" of Kantor's theatre works, to keep his idea "not in a dead library system, but
in the minds and imaginations of next generations".
Currently designed headquarters of Tadeusz Kantor's Art Documentation Centre „Cricoteka” is
supposed to fulfill a cultural function, understood as a place of artistic activities, visual and
theatrical art exhibitions, concerts, presentations, seminars, and workshops, as well as exhibit the
works of Tadeusz Kantor in all dimensions of his activity. Through contemporary architectural
expression and the Centre's program, the investment project is going to adapt historical buildings
of the former Podgorze Power Station in a creative way for the contemporary cultural institution
realizing and developing ideas of Tadeusz Kantor.
Museum of Contemporary Art in Krakow, 4 Lipowa Street in Podgorze district. The Museum is
going to be the first model institution in Krakow to collect and examine contemporary art in a fully
professional way.
Revitalization of post-industrial objects of high historical value for cultural purposes, especially for
museums of modernity is one of the priorities of European cultural policy. The fact that the Museum
of Contemporary Art is located in the former Oskar Schindler's Factory of Enameled Vessels, known
world-wide because of the success of Steven Spielberg’s film, is a conscious action aimed at
creating a meeting point of history of this place with values characteristic of our times, which are
fully presented by contemporary art. Historical original entrance gate to the factory made popular by
movies and documentaries is already drawing a huge number of tourists, including families from the
whole world who were saved thanks to the help of Oskar Schindler. In the future it will become the
entrance gate to the Museum of Contemporary Art, a bridge between history and present day. In a
newly constructed building there will be space for presenting and collecting works of contemporary
art, workrooms for young artists, as well as educational activity aimed at citizens.
Locating the Museum of Contemporary Art in Zablocie district, which is quite degraded, is
supposed to support revitalization activities in this area. According to experiences of other
European cities, cultural activities are the best catalyst of changes in the areas of
revitalization.
Locating the Gallery of Jerzy Duda-Gracz in the neighborhood will strengthen this
influence. It will facilitate the inhabitants of the district an active contact with contemporary art
presented through modern technologies, at the same time improving competence of art reception
in society. It will enable access to culture of the part of society which was until now marginalized by
environments creating culture.
Polish Aviation Museum in Krakow
The Museum functions on a revitalized area of the former Rakowice-Czyzyny airport, established
in 1912. Since September 2010, The Aviation Museum has at its disposal A modern Main Building
with exhibition, educational and office space of 3,3 thousand m2 (educational cinema, library with a
reading room, exhibition zone with 21 aircrafts, modern display cabinets, multimedia, internet cafe).
Except seven permanent exhibitions (including one outdoor exhibition), it organizes around a
dozen temporary exhibitions a year, both in the Museum and in other places. It is identified with a
very popular annual event, which has fund its place in the calendar of regional events for good Malopolska Picnic of Aviation (7 editions, each attended by around 50 thousand people).
It runs an educational program, a so called mobile Museum in Muzeobus, a van with multimedia
equipment, especially prepared exhibitions and film presentations, which enables realization of
interactive classes outside the Museum, in the region. The program was created in cooperation
with Polish Aviation Museum and Boeing company.
Attractive spots on the map of cultural Krakow are joined in a number of networks by creating
cultural routes, tourist routes or the so-called cultural stops.
A significant brand from the area of culture in Krakow – performance arts, is 6 ZMYSLOW,
promoted in a relatively short time, as well as brands of particular festivals, such as Jewish Culture
Festival, International Theatre Festival – Reminiscencje Teatralne, Zaduszki Jazzowe, or Krakow
Nativity Scene Contest.
Networks
The main source of financing cultural sector in Krakow are public funds, thin given the potential
and creativity of artists, authors, culture entrepreneurs and agents. It is necessary to build privatepublic partnership and invest in the development of tools facilitating the development of creative
industries in order to diversify the sources of financing culture.
Economic development
The role of private sector is marginalized. Since 1996 a contest Krakow Patron of Culture has been
held, which is supposed to stimulate the cooperation between the private and public sector.
However, no one is running the evaluation of the project or draw conclusions for the future. The
local government is more prone to assign public procurements to public cultural institutions than to
private sector entities (entrepreneurs or non-profit organizations). There is a lack of small grants
system for private entities to support their ideas.
Krakow Teatr Nowy is one of the few non-public theatres, which managed to both create an
attractive repertoire, and maintain its stage for a few years. 21.
Legal perspective
Is there an appropriate policy aiming at improving particular sectors?
How can public and private sectors be described in reference to art/performance arts in the city?
21
Teatr Nowy at ul. Gazowa 21 was established in 2006 by graduates of Krakow universities (PWST, ASP, UJ). It was supposed to be the answer to the
lack of independent space in Krakow, which would enable young artist to work in professional conditions (director and actor debuts). Until now Teatr Nowy organized
many innovative projects, including.: 1/ "Mloda Scena Letnia" (5 editions) – as a part of this project "Filozofia w buduarze" directed by B. Hussakowski was staged. 2/
"Europa. Sztuka bez branic" (3 editions) – as a part of this project "Kuszenie cichej Weroniki" directedby Szymon Kaczmarek was staged; 3/ "Re-kreacje: Ibsen" –
Polish grand premiere of "Das letzte Feuer" by Dea Loher, and the first after a hundred years premiere of "Lille Eyolf" by Henrik Ibsen were a part of this project. 4/
"Prze-pisywanie mitow" and "Prywatne/polityczne w Nowym Teatrze" – reading contemporary drama, a series including dramaturgy workshops run by Cecilie Loveid
and Jan Neuman. 5/ "Teatr Nowy - Teatr Aktywny" – a series of free theatre workshops for Krakow high-school students. Teatr Nowy (association) cooperates with
numerous scientific and cultural organisations (PWST, UJ, Dom Norymberski, CK Rotunda, Goethe Institut, Istituto Cervantes, Istituto Italiano di Cultura,
Wydawnictwo Panga Pank). Teatr Nowy performances were presented during various festivals both in Poland (Boska Komedia, Kontrapunkt, Opolskie Konfrontacje
Teatralne, Reminiscencje, Fanaberie, Talia) and abroad (guest performances in New York, Rome, Oslo, Vienna, Moscow, Berlin, Nuernberg).
SWOT
Art and
events in
the city
Strengths
Weaknesses
1. Great creative potential - artists,
1. Deficiency of multifunctional
cultural institutions, non-
exhibition, concert and theatrical
governmental organizations and
performance space for
economic entities – private
developing branches and
entrepreneurs active in cultural
deficiency in local creative
sector,
economy, etc.;
2. private and public activists in
2. Deficiency of space in
particular parts of
compliance with 21st standards
creativity/culture/art sector;
(degraded base, lack of modern
advantages of local cultural
equipment)
policy;
3. Lack of space for development
of creative potential and artistic
2. Possibility of strategic
cooperation of various entities
active in Krakow and realizing
creativity of informal groups
(„young potential””
4. Lack of multifunctional modern
strategy of cultural development
cultural centers, the multiple
devised by the City Council
functions of which might be
3. Local government's favor towards
development of economic activity.
4. Upskilling of management of
cultural institutions.
fulfilled in an interesting way by
museums
5. standards of equipment are not
adequate to the potential and
5. Trainings for representatives of
non-governmental organizations.
6. Developing a transparent system
of monitoring tasks in culture.
7. Preparing a program of low-
needs of creative environments
and cultural institutions
6. Weak presence of art and artists
(their creations) in public space;
the space of the Museum of
budget projects tender, tasks of
Municipal Engineering gives
signing long-term cooperation
perfect opportunities to ensure
agreements, ensuring the most
that.
important festivals in Krakow get
7. Individualism of artists acts
the financing in three-year
against their organizing on
procedure.
networks.
Based on results of chapters 2-5
Revitalizing
Strengths
Weaknesses
post-industrial
1. Perfect, attractive location of the
1. Lack of space in Krakow
space
Museum of Municipal
identified and functioning as
Engineering in the center of
space of cultural industries,
Krakow (Kazimierz district);
leisure industries, creative
2. deficiency of modern
industries, and spaces being a
multifunctional spaces for
live illustration of good models
creative experiments;
for public authorities.
3. unique concert space (halls of the
Museum of Municipal
2. Fate of Fort św. Benedykta is a
Engineering have already been
good example of a lost
successfully used in this way –
opportunity
e.g. As a part of Sacrum
Profanum).
2. A long-term process of renovation
3. Deficiency of funds to start new
activities .
of buildings of depot at Św.
Wawrzyńca Street – the
headquarters of the Museum of
Municipal Engineering financed
by MRPO was finished.
Revitalization of building
complex of Sw. Wawrzynca
Quarter as a part of „Sw.
Wawrzynca Quarter – building a
cultural center on Kazimierz in
Krakow” project
3. Rich cultural resources at the
disposal of the Museum and
attractive unconventional base in
the form of renovated complex of
tramway depots from the second
half of the 19th century and the
beginning of the 20th century,
placed in the register of historical
buildings in 1985
4. Because of the attractive location
in Kazimierz district, which is very
4. Lack of reliable patterns of
private-public partnership
popular among both citizens and
tourists, the buildings and their
surroundings have a great
potential for artistic and cultural
projects and performances
(artistic installations and projects
combining visual arts and
theatre).
5. Accepted strategy of cultural
development in Krakow accounts
for cultural industries and
questions of creating favorable
conditions for their development.
6. New headquarters of joint
libraries
Based on results of chapter 6
Possibilities of
Opportunities
Threats
future use of
1. Closeness of Zablocie and newly
1. Weak knowledge of cultural and
the area for art
established Museum of
creative industries specific
and events in
Contemporary Art in the
qualities among the decision
the city
organization at 4 Lipowa Street,
makers
closeness of the currently
2. Lack of official definition of
constructed headquarters of
cultural industries formulated on
„Cricoteka” with the Museum of
the level of the Ministry of
Tadeusz Kantor, as well as new
Culture and National Heritage
infrastructure of the building at 12
3. Deficiency of public funds
Wita Stwosza Street in Krakow
4. Necessity to subsidize art from
for the Armia Krajowa Museum
of Gen. Emil Fieldorf Nil, and
newly constructed Main Building
of the Polish Aviation Museum in
Krakow is an opportunity to
create a cooperation network.
2. Opportunities for cultural
public budget
5. Lack of effective models of
cooperation with private sector,
6. Lack of system encouragements
for sponsors to invest in culture
7. Lack of understanding among
decision makers about the
institutions of Podgorze,
necessity to create conditions for
Kazimierz and Zablocie to
creative industries to develop
cooperate and organize joint
and invest in their development
events concerning technology
in the initial stage, so that later
routes, craft routes, and others.
non-profit sector culture could
3. Opportunities for cultural
institutions to start cooperation
with entrepreneurs connected to
profit from co-existing in one
space
8. Strong competitiveness of mass
industrial design, advertising, art
and pop culture, e.g. TV,
design, media broadcasts to
Internet, shopping malls, mass
realize public procurements and
entertainment and recreational
social mission.
events as compared to cultural
4. Convergence of deficiency of
institutions, offeringe.g. High
space usable for creative
culture and creative ways of
activities of artists and the space
spending time
of the Museum of Municipal
9. Increasing competitiveness of
Engineering and the nearby
other cities and regions (in
Museum of Contemporary Art not
Poland and Europe) as far as
being fully used.
attracting tourism, including
5. Public discussion concerning
imperfection of the Polish law on
private-public partnership
promotion of cooperation
opportunities in this respect is a
chance to search for partners
from private sector in a more
effective way in order to realize
the space of creative industries in
the Museum of Municipal
Engineering.
• Opportunities for further
development of film industry in
the new space included in the
offer of Krakow, as a newly
created place of film production
in Europe
• Opportunities to enrich the
cultural offer of Krakow and make
it more attractive by organizing a
new kind of events in
unconventional space, including
cultural tourism, is concerned.
also events for families and the
youngest recipients of culture
• Opportunity to activate Sw.
Wawrzynca Quarter and make it
a destination for artists,
performers, sculptors, musicians,
„designers”, poets, a desired
place of leisure for citizens and
tourists, equipped with
appropriate infrastructure, as
Temple Bar district in Dublin.
• Adding new revitalized postindustrial objects to the Krakow
Industrial Heritage Route in order
to obtain for them a second
chance as spaces for culture and
creative industries.
6. Great theatre potential – people
and ideas linked with theatre,
experienced and demanding
audiences, to create theatre
industry.
7. Opportunities for further
development of film industry in
the new space included in the
offer of Krakow, as a newly
created place of film production
in Europe.
8. Opportunities to enrich the
cultural offer of Krakow and make
it more attractive by organizing a
new kind of events in
unconventional space, including
also events for families and the
youngest recipients of culture
9. Opportunity to activate Św.
Wawrzyńca Lot and make it a
destination for artists, performers,
sculptors, musicians, „designers”,
poets, a desired place of leisure
for citizens and tourists, equipped
with appropriate infrastructure, as
Temple Bar district in Dublin.
10. Adding new revitalized postindustrial objects to the Krakow
Industrial Heritage Route in order
to obtain for them a second
chance as spaces for culture and
creative industries.
Based on results of chapters 2-6
8. Summary of SWOT Analysis
1. So far the public sector authorities have not paid enough attention to development of cultural
industries, as an important factor, which significantly influences economic growth and increases
GDP. It was not until two years ago and open discussions at the Assembly on Culture Development
Strategies in Krakow that decision-makers started debating this topic in greater depth. The city
authorities have become much more aware of the fact that culture is strongly linked with the city
attractiveness and its economic growth, that it has great impact on the quality of life, attracts
tourists, makes the city more friendly, fosters creativeness and development of the citizens, makes
the city more competitive and that the creative industries significantly influence the growth of GDP.
2. When analyzing the data concerning the cultural sector, it can be observed that the public sector
institutions have a domineering role. Private entities get very little support from public budget,
which is why the role of the events they create is only complementary to the offer of public
institutions. Local authorities (commune and region) are not involved enough in creating good
conditions for development of private “cultural institutions”. Private-public partnership remains a
theoretical idea – there is lack of good practices and working solutions in this sector of culture; due
to their results the few solutions that have been used cannot act as role-models.
3. As a revitalized post-industrial area, the Museum of Municipal Engineering and Sw. Wawrzynca
Quarter have a great potential for development of modern area for culture, art, leisure and
individual creative activity of artists and authors. The Museum realizes its program based on its
own development strategy until 2015 and its culture-productive mission.
4. Revitalization projects in Sw. Wawrzynca Quarter are have their spatial, socio-economic and
legal justifications in strategic documents and revitalizationprograms defined and implemented by
the Municipality of Krakow; e.g. „Old Town” Local Revitalization Plan and Strategy of Cultural
Development in Krakow for the years 2010-2014.
5. Projects in „Sw. Wawrzynca Quarter” are assumed to be complementary to projects realized in
other post-industrial areas of Krakow, including: Zablocie district with Oskar Schindler's Factory,
Podgorze Power Station, on former Rakowice-Czyzyny airport. Moreover among the revitalization
projects there are also: freight railway station at Kamienna Street and NOVA PARK in the area of
Arcelor Mittal Poland S.A. in Nowa Huta. Revitalized post-industrial and post-military areas in
Krakow are becoming a fashionable and useful base for cultural and creative industries.
Bibliography
Biuletyn Statystyczny Miasta. Informacje i opracowania statystyczne za IV kwartal 2009, Rok XI,
Urzad Statystyczny w Krakowie, Krakow 2010.
Borkowski Krzysztof [kierownik projektu], Ruch turystyczny w Krakowie w 2009 r. Raport końcowy,
Malopolska Organizacja Turystyczna, Krakow - listopad 2009.
Gierat-Bieroń Bozena, Europejskiemiasto kultury. Europejska Stolica kultury 1985-2008, Krakow
2009.
Glondys Danuta, Europejska Stolica Kultury. Miejsce kultury w polityce Unii Europejskiej, Attyka,
2010.
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Departament Polityki Regionalnej, Krakow 2009.
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Marszalkowski Wojewodztwa Malopolskiego Departament Polityki Regionalnej, Krakow 2010.
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Rozwoju Kultury na lata 2006-2020.
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Krakow - Second Chance Project

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