Coins of ancient Lycia before the reign of Alexander. With an

:
COINS
ANCIENT LYCIA
BEFOEE THE REIGN OF ALEXANDER.
AN ESSAY
ON THE RELATIVE DATES OF THE LYCIAX
MONUMENTS
SIR
IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM.
CHARLES FELLOWS.
LONDON
JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE
1855.
STREET.
COINS
ANCIENT LYCIA
BEFOEE THE EEIGN OF ALEXANDEE.
2014873
PLATE
No.
1.
Half boar pranciug to the
iuscribcd
I.
from a beaded band; shoulder
left
KTB, beaded
necklace.
quadratum incusum.
rev.
ar.
153
grs.
British
No. 2. Boar's head to the
left^
quadratum incusum.
rev.
ai\
42
grs.
My
No.
3.
Half boar prancing to the
left
own
Collection.
from wreath.
sunk square a four-pronged instrument,
rev. within a
scribed
Museum.
with beaded necklace.
TtXXEFtEBE
ar.
in-
134- 5 grs.
Baron de Behr.
No.
4.
Half boar prancing to the
left
from beaded wreath, with neck-
lace of beads.
rev. within a
sunk beaded square a four-pronged instrument,
with a knotted rope through the centre, inscribed
ar.
No.
5.
124
British
grs.
Half boar prancing to the
rev. within a
inscribed
left
from wreath.
sunk beaded square a four-pronged instrument,
TtXXEFtEBE
ar.
131-17 grs.
Berlin
No.
6. Griffin
walkmg
rev. within a
inscribed
No.
7.
Human
to the left with raised claw.
'^XXEB'^F
Human
inscribed
9.
A
150
grs.
Bank of England.
beaded square a four-pronged instrument,
ar.
23*5 grs.
British
Museum.
head, with tailed cap.
rev. Avithin a
No.
ar.
head, with tailed cap.
inscribed PV^Jc./
8.
Museum.
sunk beaded square a four-pronged instrument,
rev. within a sunlc
No.
T^ *AF
Museum.
sunk beaded square a four-pronged instrument,
PP^/
dolphin to the
left,
ar.
24*5 grs.
Captain Graves, R.N.
with something in the form of an egg
beneath.
rev. within a
sunk beaded square a four-pronged instrument,
inscribed EB'^'
No.
10.
^
ar.
Half boar prancing to the
245
left
Baron de Behr.
grs.
from beaded wreath, with neck-
lace of beads.
rev.
quadratum incusum.
ar.
1322
grs.
Lieut .-General Fox.
PLATE
•
TflMm's. del.
I
PLATE
No.
1.
Upon
II.
a round shield a winged lion walking to the right.
rev. within
scribed
a sunk square a four-pronged instrument^ in-
T'^XXEEF'^BE
ar.
131-1 grs.
W. H. Waddington, Esq.
No.
2.
Upon
rev.
a round shield a winged lion walking to the right.
within a sunk square a foiu'-pronged instrument, in-
scribed
TI^XEFI^BE
ar.
131-2 grs.
W. H. Waddington,
No.
3.
Half boar prancing to the
rev. within a
inscribed
left
Esq.
from wreath.
sunk beaded square a four-pronged instniment,
TtXXEFtEBE
ar.
129
grs.
M.
Ivanoff.
TLATE
laByldlcms. ddf
IT
I^asire.
*t
PLATE
No.
1.
III.
Scalp of lion's head.
triquetra, inscribed
7'ev.
TRBB^^A^-^v
63
ar.
Bank
No.
2.
grs.
of England.
Scalp of lion's head.
rev. triquctra^ inscribed
TPBBV/S^EME
ar.
41
grs.
Museum.
British
No.
3.
Scalp of lion's head.
within a beaded circle a triqnetra, inscribed
rev.
TPBBV^A/
No.
4.
ar.
22-5 grs.
British
Scalp of lion's head.
rev. triquetra, inscribed
T
EAAE
ar.
My
No.
5.
Within a beaded
circle a triquetra, inscribed
TPBB^'// EAV
6.
rev. within a
7.
ar.
ar.
37
23
fish,
inscribed
Baron de Behr.
grs.
15 grs.
sunk square a
fish,
inscribed
British
Museum.
triquetra, inscribed
M EX
French Museum.
grs.
within a sunk beaded
MEX
10.
Glasgow Museum.
Scalp of lion's head.
rev.
No.
23-5 grs.
Scalp of lion's head.
ar.
9.
ar.
within a sunk square a triquetra and a
rev. within a
No.
/AO + OIW.
sunk square a triquetra and a
ME
8.
gi's.
Collection.
Scalp of lion's head.
7'ev.
No.
32*3
Scalp of lion's head.
MEXPI^
No.
own
within a beaded circle a triquetra, inscribed
rev.
No.
Museum.
ar.
square a triquetra, inscribed
Mr.
Borrell.
Scalp of lion's head.
rev.
within a sunk square a triquetra, inscribed
MEXP^n^Tf^,
ar. 19' 3
grs.
and an unknown emblem.
W. H. Waddington, Esq.
PLATE
m
JR
JR.
JR.
JR
M.
ImcIv JHfcm's, clelf
J.Basire, sc.
PLATE
No.
1.
IV.
Scalp of lion's head.
rev. within a circle a triquetra
I^K
No.
2.
Skin of
7'ev.
3.
within
witliin
TA"FE
6.
a beaded
ar.
18*5
circle
a head
a beaded
ar.
circle
a head
9.
face,
inscribed
Prussian Museum.
I
i
BBV^A'E
Scalp of lion's head.
within a sunk square a triquetra and a
Within a beaded
ar.
143
beaded
TPBB^A/EM
ar.
within
circle
24
fish,
inscribed
M.
grs.
circle a triquetra, inscribed
a
rev.
No.
Museum.
W. H. Waddington, Esq.
A\ EX PA n ATA
8.
inscribed
full
16*98 grs.
35 grs.
rev.
No.
face,
British
Scalp of lion's head.
ar.
7.
Museum.
full
gi's.
rev. within a circle a triquetra, inscribed
No.
British
Scalp of lion's head.
rev.
No.
Museum.
F^A
grs.
TA^FE
5.
II^N^+^
British
grs.
Scalp of lion's head.
7'ev.
No.
Museum.
head and paws.
within a circle a triquetra^ inscribed
146
ar.
4.
British
grs.
Scalp of lion's head.
7'ev.
No.
lion's
146
within a circle of beads a triquetra^ inscribed
21 "3
ar.
No.
ar.
and a grain of wheat, inscribed
a
Ivanoff.
/AO+OI'V/
triquetra,
inscribed
M.
grs.
Ivanoff.
Scalp of lion's head.
rev. triquetra, inscribed
P'f PEKA'^
ar.
41 grs.
Baron de Behr.
PLATE
IV
JR.
^]m0h
.R
J£L
InZy TeUcws,
del':
PLATE
No.
1.
V.
Scalp of lion's head.
rev. triquetra, inscribed
PI^PEKA't^
37"8 grs.
ar,
My
No.
2.
own
Collection.
Scalp of lion's head.
EKA^
rev. triquetra, inscribed
42"43
ar.
grs.
French Museum.
No.
3.
Scalp of lion's head.
EKA
rev. triquetra, inscribed
37'25 grs.
ar.
Glasgow Museum.
No.
4.
Scalp of lion's head.
rev. triquetra, inscribed
P ^ PEKA1^
63
ar.
gi's.
Bmik of England.
No.
5.
Scalp of lion's head.
rev. triquetra, inscribed
No.
6.
PI^P
39 grs.
Baron de Behr.
K'^'^
ar.
Scalp of lion's head, small counter-mark on right of head.
rev. triquetra, inscribed
P^tPEK
39-3 grs.
ar.
Augustus Langdon, Esq.
No.
7.
Scalp of lion's head.
rev. triquetra, inscribed
PEPKA-I^
ar.
40
grs.
Munich Museum.
No.
8.
Scalp of lion's head.
rev. triquetra, inscribed
Pt'PEKA
I
ar.
30*88
Due
No.
9.
grs.
de Luynes.
Scalp of lion's head.
rev. triquetra, inscribed
P't^P
KA^
ar.
38*5 grs.
W. H. Waddington, Esq.
No.
10. Scalp of lion's head.
rev.
triquetra, inscribed
P't^PEKAl^
ar.
41 grs.
M.
Ivanoff.
IM.ATK V
JR.
4
JR.
10
udv TfUows, delt
PLATE
No.
1
.
Head
of
Pan
VI.
in profile.
rev. triquetra, inscribed
PI^PE
se.
Captain Graves, R.N.
No.
2.
Head
of
Pan
in profile.
rev. triquetra, inscription imperfect.
25*4 grs.
se.
Prussian Museum.
No.
3.
Head
of
Pan
in profile.
rev. triquetra, inscribed
4^
RE
?e.
26-23 grs.
French Museum.
No.
4.
Head
of
Pan
in profile.
rev. triquetra, inscribed
n^^PEKA
as.
My
No.
5.
Half a goat leaping to the right
rev. triquetra, inscribed
;
own
Collection.
something beneath uncertain.
P'^PEKA
a. 30 grs.
United Service Museum.
No.
6.
A
goat leaping to the
rev. triquetra.
No.
7.
Half a goat to the
left.
left.
triquetra, inscribed
7'ev.
Captain Graves, R.N.
se.
P^PEKA
18*5 grs.
se.
British
No.
8.
Half a goat to the
left.
triquetra, inscribed
7^ev.
Museum.
PP
se.
21 "6 grs,
French Museum.
No.
9.
Head
of
7'ev.
Pan
in profile.
triquetra, inscribed
P^PEKA
se.
W. H. Waddington, Esq.
No.
10.
Head
of
Pan
in profile.
rev. triquetra, inscribed
P^PEKA'^
se.
M.
Ivanoff.
PLATE
VI.
J£.
JE
V^o
JE
JE
^
LacLy FeUaws. dd *
J?.
^^3
J£,
PLATE
No.
1.
Head
VII.
of Minerva looking to the right
pronged instrument on a
rev. within a circle of
in front of face a three-
line.
beads a bearded head with cap formed
of the scalp of a lion's head
inscribed
;
;
behind the head a caduceus,
T^At B tPBBEA^^
ar.
128
grs.
Glasgoiv
No.
2.
Head
of INIinerva looking to the right.
within a sunk square a bearded head with cap formed
rev.
of the scalp of a lion's head, inscribed
ar,
No.
3.
154
Head
T1^AtB^ + E4-t
Bank of England.
grs.
of Minerva looking to the right.
sunk square a bearded head with cap formed
rev. within a
of scalp of lion's head.
ar.
132"8 grs.
British
No.
4.
Museum.
Head
of Minerva looking to the right
instrument on a
Museum.
in front a three-pronged
;
line.
within a circle of beads a bearded head with cap formed
rev.
of the scalp of a lion's head ; behind the head a three-pronged
instrument on a
No.
5.
line.
126*6 grs.
ar.
on a rock, a
in the right
lion's skin over his
and a bow in the
128
ar.
Within a
raised
circle of
7.
rev.
lion's skin over his
bow in
Head
left
head and arm, a club
hand, inscribed
t PBBEA' ^
Glasgoiv
circle a
Museum.
head of Minerva looking to the
left.
quarters raised, his tail over his back, inscribed
P^POFVTEIt/E
8.
the
within a beaded sunk square a lion crouching, with
his hind
No.
left.
sunk beaded square Hercules with one foot
grs.
Within a beaded
tPBBE/Vl^
beads a head of Minerva looking to the
on a rock, a
124*8
in-
Munich Museum.
in the right and a
ar.
inscribed
grs.
rev. within a
head and arm, a club
hand ; an unknown
left
strument or sign on either side;
No.
left.
within a sunk beaded square Hercules with one foot
raised
6.
Museum.
AVithin a circle of beads a head of Minerva looking to the
7'ev.
No.
B7-itish
ar.
132
Munich Museum.
grs.
of Minerva looking to the right
;
much worn
away.
rev. within a sunk square a Ijcarded head with cap formed
of the scalp of lion's head, inscribed
ar.
125 "77
grs.
T^AtBt+E T
I
J)itc
de Luynes.
PLATE
lo.iv J'W/,.Kv.
M'!
V
PLATE
No.
1.
VIII.
Figure of a crowned king with
marked with a
quadratum incusum.
rev.
bow and
quiver; counter-
triquetra.
ar.
81
grs.
Captain Graves, R.N.
No.
2.
Figure of a crowned king with bow and quiver
marked with
No.
3.
85-5 grs.
letter
'^
Captain Graves, R.N.
mouth open
Lion's face in profile, with
quadratum incusum.
7'ev.
counter-
triquetra.
quadratum incusum, with mark of Lycian
rev.
ar.
;
ar.
to the right.
213'65
grs.
Glasgow Museum.
No.
4.
Lion's face in profile, with
SI'
No.
5.
mouth open
to the
within a sunk beaded square
rev.
OP
ar.
left.
a triquetra, inscribed
19*5 grs.
Captain Graves, R.N.
"Within a beaded square, with fleur-de-lis or Lycian character
in the angles, three fishes, one smaller than the others.
quadratum incusum.
rev.
ar.
208'4 grs.
British
No.
6.
Within a square, with
angles,
two
Lycian character in the
fishes,
human head
rev.
fleur-de-lis or
averted to the right.
ar.
84
grs.
British
No.
7.
Within a square, with
angles,
two
fleur-de-lis or
Museum.
Lycian character in the
fishes.
human head
rev.
Museum.
averted to the right.
ar.
88-2 grs.
Lieut. -General Fox.
No.
8.
Three
fishes,
rev.
XM^
No.
9.
A
fish,
one smaller than the others.
within a sunk beaded square a triquetra, inscribed
ar.
100
Bank of England.
grs.
to the right.
rev. triquetra, in a
sunk square.
ar.
10-8 grs.
W. H. Waddinyton, Esq.
platl:
\'im
19-5
ZajtyS'eilows, del*
PLATE
No.
1.
Half a boar facing to the
IX.
right.
quadratum incusiun
rev.
ar.
20*8 grs.
My
No.
2.
Half a boar facing to the
rev. within a
own
Collection.
left.
sunk beaded square a
ing snakes' heads, inscribed
triquetra, the ends form-
<OrPAAE
ar.
47.84
grs.
Prussian Museum.
No.
3.
Upon
a line of beads two half boars joined, facing to the right
and
rev. in a
left,
marked with a
triquetra in the middle.
sunk beaded square a
triquetra.
ar.
130
No.
4.
A boar facing to the left.
a triquetra within a
rev.
sunk beaded square.
ar.
British
No.
5.
A boar facing
A boar
rev.
7.
circle
grs.
square a triquetra, inscribed
Munich Museum.
grs.
a boar facing to the right.
sunk beaded square a
ing cocks' heads.
8.
40
ar.
Within a beaded
rev. within a
No.
19
Museum.
facing to the right.
within a sunk beaded
KOfP
No.
grs.
Museum.
ar.
British
6.
38
to the right.
a triquetra within a sunk beaded square.
rev.
No.
grs.
Museum.
British
ar.
40*12
grs.
triquetra, the ends form-
Prussian Museum.
Within a sunk beaded square two half leopards joined, facing
to the right and left, with triquetra above.
rev. a triquetra, inscribed
KT
ar. 43' 17 grs.
Prussian Museum.
No.
9.
Two
half bulls joined, facing to the right and
left,
with
tri-
quetra above.
rev. within a
beaded
KOP
No.
10.
ar.
Half a bull facing
circle a triquetra, inscribed
132*75
grs.
Glasgow Museum.
to the left, half a horse facing to the right,
a triquetra above.
rev. within a
KOP
beaded
ar.
circle
a triquetra, inscribed
38*3 grs.
British
Museum.
PLATE IX
rr^^
M.
JK
:r-
fp'
JR.
•dy FtUtn/s. dtl^
PLATE
No.
1.
A lion
devouring a bull.
within a
rev.
sunk beaded square a triquetra, inscribed
KOPPAAE
No.
2.
A lion
AA-ithin
A
a
AA
within
marked with
ar.
6.
British
inscribed
Museum.
British
148-14
A griffin
inscribed
Museum.
left.
42
ar.
a
triquetra,
40-1 grs.
ar.
Within a beaded
rev.
No.
grs.
within a sunk beaded square a
KO
5.
132
sunk beaded square a
bull butting to the
rev.
No.
bull.
ar.
KOPPAAE
4.
Museum.
A lion devouring a bull.
rev.
No.
British
within a sunk beaded square a triquetra^
KOPPAAE
3.
126-7 grs.
ar.
devouring a
rev.
No.
X.
triquetra_,
inscribed
Baron de Behr.
grs.
circle a griffin crouching, facing to the right.
sunk beaded square a triquetra, probably
rivets or studs, inscribed
KO
AE
French Museum.
grs.
crouching, facing to the right, with triquetra on
its
breast.
7'ev.
within a
KOI PAAE
No.
7.
Upon
rev.
ar.
8.
Upon
152
triquetra,
inscribed
Baron de Behr.
grs.
a line of beads a horse biting his hind leg.
-within
a
KOPPAAE
No.
sunk beaded square a
sunk beaded square a
127
ar.
triquetra,
British
grs.
a line a horse walking to the
left,
inscribed
Museum.
above a triquetra, the
ends forming cocks' heads.
rev.
within
KOPPAAE
No.
9.
Upon
a
sunk beaded square a triquetra, inscribed
149
ar.
Bank of England.
grs.
a line a winged bull,
Avitli
human
face,
walking to the
right.
rev.
within a sunk beaded square a triquetra,
KO
No.
10.
AE
A winged
rev.
ar.
bull, Avith
132-67
liuman
grs.
face,
within a sunk ])eadcd
KOP
ar.
86-5 grs.
inscribed
French Museum.
walking to the right.
square a triquetra, inscriljcd
Glasgow Museum.
PLATE
.R
X
-R
.R
ladyFMMs.Mj
PLATE
No.
1
A human figure,
.
lion
upon
with a club, fighting to the
liis
KOP"
Upon
2-
ar.
Upon a
ar.
line a lion
KOn
Upon
4.
inscribed
British
grs.
135-4 grs.
inscribed
British
My
16"4 grs.
own
inscribed
Collection.
a Hne a calf to the right.
a sunk beaded square a triquetra.
ar.
34*75 grs.
British
5.
The
fore quarter of a
KOP
6.
The
winged
Museum.
lion.
within a sunk beaded square a triquetra, inscribed
rev.
No.
Museum.
walking to the right, with head turned back.
ar.
rev. in
No.
Museum.
left.
within a sunk beaded square a triquetra,
rev.
No.
131
within a sunk beaded square a triquetra,
KOPPAAE
3.
a skin of a
;
head and flowing over his back.
a line a sphinx standing to the
rev.
No.
left
within a sunk beaded square a triquetra,
rev.
No.
XI.
ar.
fore quarter of a
20
Munich Museum.
grs.
winged
lion.
within a sunk beaded square a triquetra, the ends form-
rev.
ing heads of snakes, inscribed
KO
ar.
Captain Graves, R.N.
No.
7.
Upon
a shield a bearded head with helmet,
upon the neck a
triquetra.
rev. within a
ar.
No.
8.
42
Upon
AA
ar.
Within a beaded
rev. within a
ar.
No.
10.
KOP PA
Captain Graves, R.N.
within a sunk beaded square
KO
9.
triquetra, inscribed
a line an ibex standing to the right.
rev.
No.
sunk square a
grs.
1326
Upon
a
circle
40
Due de Luynes.
grs.
head of Jupiter
sunk square a
Ammon to
triquetra, inscribed
rev. within
the right.
KOP PA A
Due
grs.
Une a boar
inscribed
a triquetra,
de Luynes.
to the right.
a simk beaded square a triquetra.
ar.
112
grs.
Lieut. -General Fox.
riATE
JR.
:-R.
XL,
'(^
JR.
JK
Xady Telloifs. del t
PLATE
No.
1.
An
animal, probably a stag, ^vith
rev.
2.
A lion
ar.
devom'ing a
KOPPAAE
3.
above.
46*5 grs.
Lieut. -General Fox.
bull.
within a sunk beaded square a triquetra,
rev.
No.
unknown emblems
within a beaded circle a triquetra, inscribed
KOP
No.
XII.
ar.
Half a boar to the
130-5 grs.
right.
within a sunk beaded square a triquetra.
rev.
inscribed
Lieut. -General Fox.
149
ar.
M.
No.
4.
Half a boar to the
Ivanoff.
right.
within a sunk square a triquetra.
rev.
grs.
ar.
142"75 grs.
W. H. Waddington, Esq.
No.
5.
A boar facing to the right.
within a sunk beaded square a triquetra.
rev.
ar.
22*5 grs.
W. H. Waddington, Esq.
No.
6.
Half an ox leaping to the
rev. within a
right.
sunk beaded square a
triquetra.
ar.
Due
No.
7.
A
bull walking to the left, inscribed
KOP PA A
No.
8.
An
ar.
A
ar.
griffin
ar.
10.
A
Ivanoff.
146
44
a sunk square a triquetra, inscribed
within
KOP
inscribed
M.
Ivanoff'.
KOPPAAE
M.
gi-s.
goat standing to the
rev.
a triquetra,
grs.
crouching to the right.
rev. within
No.
inscribed
M.
grs,
within a sunk beaded square
KO
9.
41
eye.
rev.
No.
APf.
within a sunk beaded squai'e a triquetra,
rev.
23*8 grs.
de Lmynes.
a
Ivanoff'.
left.
sunk beaded square a triquetra, inscribed
ar.
147
grs.
M.
Ivanoff.
PL.^TE
XJL
6
2Z-6
23 8
44
146
I.ady Fell/nvs.
dH^
J£(ijtrf,sr
PLATE
No.
1.
Head and neck
rev. within a
ar.
No.
2.
17
XIII.
of an ox to the
left.
sunk square atriquetra, inscribed
Half a boar to the
rev. within a
KOPPAA
W. H. Wadd'mgton, Esq.
grs.
right.
sunk beaded square a
triquetra.
ar.
134
M.
No.
3.
Half a bull to the
Ivanoff.
left.
withm a sunk beaded square a
rev.
triquetra.
7
ar.
M.
No.
4.
Probably a lion devouring a
rev. Anthin a
ar.
No.
5.
sunk
6.
bull.
Upon
rev.
mthin a beaded
Esq.
circle.
sunk beaded square a triquetra, inscribed
KOPPAAE
No.
Ivanoff.
W. H. Waddington,
of a panther
rev. within a
grs.
circle a triquetra, inscription illegible,
31*75 grs.
Head
grs.
ar.
42
M.
grs.
Ivanoff.
a line probably a lion devouring a bull.
within a sunk beaded square a triquetra.
ar.
21
grs.
Baron de Behr.
No.
7.
Upon
a line a boar to the
rev. within a
left.
sunk beaded square a triquetra.
ar,
133
grs.
Baron de Behr.
No.
8.
Within a beaded
circle,
upon a
line,
a sow to the right.
rev. within a beaded circle a triquetra.
ar.
11 grs.
Baron de Behr.
PLATE
Xm.
.R
lady Fellows, delf
J. Basin, sc.
PLATE XIV.
No.
1.
Upon
rev.
a line a horned sphinx crouching, above a ^
AA-ithin a sunk square a triquctra, inscribed
T^A'^^KOP^
V
Avith a
131
ar.
gi-s.
Captain Graves, R.N.
No.
2.
Upon
a line a horned sphinx crouching, aboA'c a
ar.
No.
3.
Upon
i^
within a sunk beaded square a triquctra, with two ¥
7'ev.
154
Bank of England.
grs.
a hne, within a beaded
circle,
a sphinx crouching, above
V N ^N O
a Vj inscribed below the line
rev. Mithin a
sunk beaded square a
triquctra.
131 '5
ar.
grs.
Captain Graves, R.N.
No.
4.
The
fore quarters of a
rev. within a
ar.
No.
5.
148
A sphinx
Captain Graves, R.N.
standing.
a small beaded
Sl^APEYA
6.
Within a
triquctra, inscription illegible,
grs.
rev. within
No.
winged boar.
sunk square a
circle
rev. ndthin a
ar.
square
two cocks
inscribed
a triquctra,
Glasgow Museum.
148-75 grs.
fighting.
sunk beaded square an
character above, and inscribed
^J^
AT
'
unknown
eagle, with
*
ar.
'
36*3 grs.
British Museutn.
No.
7.
Fore quarter of a
rev. within a
ar.
No.
8.
A
134
bull.
sunk square a
triquctra, inscribed
0'^^A'^
British
grs.
Museum.
boar standing to the right, with two uncertain letters
beneath.
rev. within a
sunk beaded square a
triquctra.
ar.
135*76 grs.
French Museum,
No.
9.
A boar
o^ev.
No.
10.
A
walking to the
left,
inscribed
O+
I
within a sunk beaded square a triquctra.
boar walking to the
rev. within a
left,
inscribed
sunk beaded square a
O
I-
ar.
127
M.
Ivanoff.
ar.
120
grs.
I
triquctra.
M.
grs.
Ivanojf.
platf:
xrv.
J0L
36-3
"A- TeU^yws. del*
PLATE XV.
No.
1.
A man
walking to the
left,
with head turned back; a elub in
the right hand, held over the shoulder
the
;
left
arm
akimbo, and holding a tripod; the skin of a lion flowing from the head behind the body.
within a sunk beaded scjuare a triquetra, and a small
rev.
duoquetra, inscribed
Ft^V/Z^P
ar.
130
grs.
Baron de
No.
2.
A man
walking to the
left,
with head turned baek
;
Be/ir.
a club in
the right hand, held over the shoulder; the
left
arm
akimbo.
w^thm
rev.
a sunk beaded square a triquetra, and a small
duoquetra, inscribed F1^V/'^'^P'^
ar.
115
grs.
British
No.
3.
Upon
rev. within a
inscribed
No.
4.
Upon
Museum.
a shield the fore quarter of a winged boar to the
left.
sunk beaded square a triquetra, and a duoquetra_,
F'f^^/'y
ar.
129*8 grs.
British
Museum.
a beaded line and under an arch of beads a winged l)oar
to the right.
rev.
within a beaded circle a triqiietra.
ar.
42'4
grs.
French Museum.
No.
5.
Within a
circle of
beads a Pegasus to the right.
within a beaded circle a triquetra.
rev,
ar.
46
grs.
British
No.
G.
Upon
a shield a Pegasus to the left
;
Museum.
something uncertain
beneath.
within a beaded circle a triquetra
rev.
ar.
No.
7.
149
;
inscription uncertain.
British
grs.
Pegasus to the right.
within a sunk square a triquetra^ inscribed
rev.
8.
Upon
hHI^
Vienna Museum.
ar.
No.
a shield, fore quarter of a winged stag.
rev. within a
sunk beaded square a duoquetra, with a three-
pointed instrument above, inscribed
/V^y^^T
9.
Fore quarter of a winged
rev.
10.
Upon
stag.
within a sunk beaded square a triquetra, and a small
duoquetra, inscribed
No.
48 grs.
Museum.
ar.
British
No.
Museum.
VP
Vienna Museum.
ar.
a shield a Pegasus to the left
;
something unknown
beneath.
rev.
within a circle a tricjuetra.
ar.
43*2 grs.
IV. If. IFuddinyton, ICsq.
PLATE
W
r
^5L
iB_
10
M.
ZadvSellows. del*
PLATE
No.
1.
A
Pegasus to the
rev. within a
left^
XVI.
beneath the head of a goat.
sunk beaded square a triquetra.
150"5 grs.
ar.
Uiiited Service
No.
2.
A boar walking to
rev.
the
Museum,
left.
within a sunk beaded square an instrument, forming
four hooks, turning in contrary directions, upon which
round shield bearing a
triquetra.
ar.
141 "6
Due
No.
3.
is
a
grs.
de Luynes.
A boar walking to the left.
rev.
within a sunk beaded square a triquetra, inscribed
'^^^^fAE
ar.
148"45 grs.
Due
de Luynes.
PLATE
lai)' JWcws.
3dt
XVI.
PLATE
No.
1
.
XVII.
Within a sunk square a three-pronged instrument or character,
standing on a line.
rei\ Trithin a circle of
beads a bearded head, with eastern or
Phrygian head-dress.
ar.
127*9 grs.
Lieut. -General Fox.
No.
2.
Within a beaded
rev.
circle
head of Minerva to the
right, inscribed
within a cu'cle of beads a bearded head with eastern
head-dress,
in front of head a three-pronged
standing on a
line.
ar.
129*63
instrument
grs.
Prussian Museum.
No.
3.
Within a beaded
cu'cle
head of Minerva to the
rev. within a circle of
right, inscribed
beads a bearded head with eastern
head-dress, behind the head a three-pronged instrument on
a line, before the face a character
No.
4.
formed as a square hook,
101*1 grs.
ar.
Within a beaded
French Museum.
circle
head of Minen^a to the
right, inscribed
AA1^/V'^F'^A'^
rev.
within a circle of beads a bearded head with eastern
head-dress, behind the head a three-pronged instrument on
a line, before the face a character formed as a square hook,
Cast in possession of Mr. Doubleday.
ar.
No.
5.
Within a beaded
circle
head of Minerva to the
right, inscribed
AAtA/'^F'^A^
rev.
within a circle of beads a bearded head with eastern
head-dress, behind the head a three-pronged instrument on
a line, before the face a character
ar.
No.
6.
121*34
formed as a square hook,
French Museum.
grs.
Within a beaded
circle
head of ^Minerva to the right, inscribed
\At
rev.
within a circle of beads a bearded head with eastern
head-dress, behind the head a three-pronged instrument on
a line, before the face a character formed as a square hook,
ar.
No.
7.
1241
Within a beaded
rev.
Lieut. -General Fox.
grs.
circle
head of Minerva
within a sunk circle of beads
eastern head-dress, inscribed
to the right.
a bearded
^PTOXP^P^
head with
ar.
British
12425
Museum.
PLATE
X\TI.
L
l..u/y
TMms.
Mt
(
"Qm
PLATE
No.
1
.
Head
XVIII.
of Minerva looking to the right.
rev. within a
sunk square head of Mercury looking to the
PTTAP
rights with caduceus^ inscribed
f^
X^
ar.
Bank
No.
2.
Head
inscribed
left,
beaded
circle
head of Mercury looking to the
PT
ar.
119
grs.
British
3.
Head
within a beaded circle head of Mercury looking to the
F'^V//'^P'^
right, inscribed
ar.
129
grs.
British
4.
Museum.
of Minerva looking to the right.
rev.
No.
grs.
of Minerva looking to the right.
rev. within a
No.
152
of England.
Within a beaded
circle
Museum.
head of Minerva looking to the
left,
with a duoquetra in front.
rev. within a
No.
5.
beaded
circle
head and paw of lion in
Due
137*3 grs.
ar.
Head
of Minerva looking to the right.
within a beaded circle a head to the right wreathed,
rev.
behind the head a duoquetra
ters,
No.
6.
Head
ar.
148
7.
48 "6
Head
rev.
No.
8.
1
Lycian charac-
Bank of England.
left.
^PJA/I^, and other
letters uncertain.
French Museum.
grs.
of Minerva looking to the
left.
within a beaded circle Minerva seated with spear and
shield
M/
inscription in
within a sunk square Minerva seated with spear and
shield, inscribed
No.
;
grs.
of Minerva looking to the
rev.
ar.
profile,
de Luynes.
;
standing upon the shield
Py^E
Within a
ar.
circle of
1311 7
grs.
is
an owl
;
inscribed
Due
beads a helmeted head to the
rev. a duoquetra, inscribed
~V^
de Luynes.
left.
ar.
28
M.
grs.
Ivanoff,
PLATE
J.advTeUmvs.di'/:
X^'i
PLATE XIX.
Jupiter seated on a throne, his right hand holding an eagle, his
left
supported by a spear
quetra
;
at the foot a
;
beneath the throne a
head in an eastern cap
;
tri-
inscribed
AAEEANAPo
rev.
within a circle of beads a head, with cap formed of
scalp of lion's head.
ar.
265*2 grs.
British
Museum.
PJ.ATF,
r.ae^ Tellmvs. de^.*
.XIX.
.T.Masirp sc
The Author
will
be happy to receive impressions of auy new types
of Lycian Coins, which he will engrave upon these Plates^ and thus
make
the
present
Catalogue more complete and
Numismatist.
Montague Place, London.
May,
1855.
valuable
to
the
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE
C
B.C.
ITineveh
.'>:>3.
Croesiis -Kinq
of Ivdia
—i— L
—~
Median Empire ends
frcesji.s dies.
A\\
JXanduLS.
I.
>:).
Cyrus reii/ns
'•''.
Sardis take/i
JPersia
in
X
Marpy
.
.
ffr
J/arpaqios conquers Xycia
/h.
.'
r
.
lionTomb
f/riis
.'')'.
takes Jiabvlori
Xantitus.
dies
C\'r-us
.'iliK
j;V.
Darius Jfystaspes J&uf of
J'l/.
lonicms mid Atheniajhs cvTtd>ine a^aziist Darius
Tersia,
300. Sardis burned _ Tersian Wca-
Miletus
-I9L.
Battle
'".
of Maradion
of
Herodotus horn
.
dierodj)tus
4.'>0.
vojufuisJied by
Umon-
.
wi'ote
\-::^^,^xdasIbmi>.--"' Trophy Morm.':
.
.
iPersians defeated
Ci/non, dies _ iPeace
44.9.
.
Aihq of -Persia
465. u^rtaxeTSces
.
iZanthus.
of ZuT-yinedi/n Tersiuns
Sim/mides dies
I'ersiajis
Tei'sia
.
_BatHe
ifie
.
480 ^Xerxes invades Greece
'liW.
.
.
conquered hy
Sc Ionia
435. Zerjces JUruj
484.
in,
Q^rus
n'iiJt
lomhs
in Latiyra.
.
.Artajcerjces
.
Jiock tombs at Ifyra^
:<H
fnished
iPcu'thenon
J'ericles
'.''
dj,es
.
dies
4'-!4.
^j-tojcerjces
423.
Darius Mo thus
.
iKin<^
of Persia,
11
P'
I
P
E
38G. Persians reconquer fyprus
(Jchns Kiiia
.
Mansohis
''-'.I.
M
To?nb
^
at-
Tomi
Cadyanda
at 2los
.
tomis at Telnvessus
.
of Persia
.
of
Per.'^ia
.
JlUiirqual decree
Daiius l^n^ of fersia
Picnodo?'us Jfin.q of Gxria
'i.'^S.
.
.
-di'-res Jfi/u/
.'>'.'iS.
A^
.
JoTVLC.
380 Hera/rontmcs
:':'iH
of Pijcodarus
.
.">.i4-.
.
333. Afej^ander cnnqiiers Lycia from the Versions
^?-?. jlle.'icntider
dies
.
Jnscripti p.
84 Ptrletnv
.
I
boiii
3 Statues
•'I.
O N S
ilestfoyed
lU'l.
i^iu-iodjdjjJius
year 275 B.C
.
John Murray. Loii3oii.. jS55
.
THE RELATIVE DATES
THE LYCIAN MONUMENTS.
I
HAVE brought together the Coins
they
may
in this
Work^
in order that
be viewed as a collection, and that a comparison of
one with the other
may
suggest an order, or a date, which
enlighten a dark period in numismatic history.
which I have long been searching out from the
of Europe (and I
cations have
may
met
may
These Coins,
vai'ious
here say that in every instance
Cabinets
my
appli-
with the kindest attention from the several
owners or those in whose charge the Cabinets were placed), were
all,
in 1838, without a date or locality;
and in that year I
first
found them, both in type and inscription, to be peculiar to the
Pro^duce of Lycia.
They were previously known by the vague
designation of " Uncertain Cilician."
Did
I consider that a knowledge of coins was alone sufficient
to elucidate these points of date and locality, I should leave this
catalogue in the hands of the numismatist
;
but in our ignoi*ance
respecting the early history of Lycia, or of the facts embodied in
the legends to be depended upon, I shall venture suggestions derived
from
my
knowledge of the nature, character, and produce
of the country, and of the various and immovable
monuments
;
sculptured in
its
The comparison and bearing Mhieh
rocks.
these and other eircurastaneeSj ever occurring to the traveller,
may have upon
each other, are, in
my
opinion, better CAidence
than the legends handed down to ns in the
vrorlcs of
Homer and
Herodotus.
It will
myths of Homer
therefore
me
be seen, fi'om the monuments discovered by
Lyeia, that the sculptured origin of
many
of the most popular
are found in the country of
by no means
object in this inquiry
is
but in the absence of better evidence,
the light which the one
is
may
cast
itself.
Mo-
in the British JSIuseum
we must endeavour to
upon the other ; and
by the study of the Coins,
to bring,
I
when they
the elucidation of the
numents brought from Lycia, and now
sent attempt
which he sang.
reject the evidence of these,
confirm the history derived from the country
My chief
in
catch
my
pre-
their im-
portant e\ddence in aid of the history of the IMonumeuts,
—an
attempt which has not as yet been made.
In order to limit the range of this inquiry, I must refer to the
end of
my
Catalogue, in Mhich, for the conclusion of
searches, is a curious
and very appropriate
Alexander the Great, 333
B.C.
About
re-
coin, of the
time of
this period the
Lycian
language ceased to be used, and the Greek took
the coins of the country.
my
its
place
The gods of Greece had been
upon
repre-
sented upon the coins a few years preceding this time, but the
characters of the Greek language only appeared with the coins
of the Lycian League, which are well known, in both silver and
copper, for most of the cities extant diu-ing the
the reign of Alexander.
fifty
years after
There can be no doubt that the whole
of the coins engraved in this Catalogue are of a date earlier than
this period.
The date of the commencement of
finite,
my
collection is less de-
and can be limited only by om' knowledge of coined
money, some of these being amongst the
state of art, the
quadratum incusum
The
known.
earliest
for the obverse,
and the type
of a wild animal, each indicate the character of coins assigned
to about
600 years before om' era; and from
kingdom of
world, the
coins
;
Croesus,
we have our
this portion of the
knowledge of
first
the earlier countries of Egypt and Assyria had none be-
We thus
fore this age.
before the Christian era.
place these coins between
The next
point
is
600 and 333
their country.
I have hitherto, in order to be the better understood, spoken
of Lycia, a
name
for the province only
known
The word never
and never used by the people of the country.
occurs
upon any coin or
to the Greeks,
inscription found in, or belonging to, the
country, until after the limit of our inquuy.
Herodotus speaks
of the Caunians, the Troes, and the Tramelee, the former carry-
ing their manners and customs into the country of the latter;
and I
find that
from the ancient Caunus in the west, as
Cape Caledonia in the
east, is traced the
same
art,
far as
sculpturing
the rocks, building the tombs, inscribing the same language, and
using the same mythology.
These peculiarities are found on
the coasts and up the several valleys, but never upon the high
table-lands usually included within the limits of the
Lycia in after times.
ing
Map
includes
all
the country in which
of the art peculiar to the early inhabitants.
trict that
we must
endence which
Provinces,
assign our Coins
of
;
and I
is
found any trace
It is to this dis-
shall ventm-e,
upon
will follow, to subdivide this country into three
shown upon the
by the three
map
The colom-ed portion of the accompany-
Map by
varied colom's, and occupied
tribes or peoples speaking,
and spoken
of,
in
tlic
f)
same language
try,
—the Caunians,
that the evidence I
we have
;
and in
the Troes, and the Tramelae.
may
produce
my own mind
although e^er ready to yield to
The
and coins found in their coun-
in the inscriptions
is
not conclusive
I rest satisfied
facts,
and swampy valley of the
but
with
my
of Caunus
river Calbis,
awai-e
it is all
however opposed to
characteristic feature in the district
tensive
am
I
;
is
theory,
it.
the ex-
which must ever
have suited the habits of the wild-boar, now abounding in the
country.
district
The mountains of Calynda
north
it
The character of the country
from that of the Troes.
of Troas, or of the Troeite,
is
in the east separate this
wholly mountainous.
is
bounded by the snowy Taurus, on
On
the
the east by the
almost equal heights of the Massicytus mountains, rising more
than ten thousand feet above the sea-level, while in the midst
of the country stand the mountains of Cragus and Anticragus.
From
we know
the earliest legends
that these mountains were
haunted by the Chimsera, an animal represented as a she-lion,
with a goat^s head rising from her back and a snake for her
tail.
I have observed in
my
Journal the legends of lions,
heard of and said to be killed by the present inhabitants.
lages have Turkish
Village.
the
names, — " Uslann
The sculptured
lion
is
still
\^il-
Kooe," meaning Lion
seen on most of the tombs in
district.
This mountainous country
is
cut off from the province of the
Tramelse by a Cyclopean wall across the valley, or rather from
the mountains on the east
down
above the city of Xanthus
below this
;
a wide level extending to the sea.
found in abundance.
This
country of the Tramcljc
;
is
from
to the river, about six miles
is
the valley of the river,
Here the wild-boar
is
again
the most Avesterly portion of the
this valley as far to the cast as
—
the laud extends, and where
Bay
Mount
—
Phoenicus rises from the
of Pamphylia, the country has the most varied features, of
mountains rent with dark ravines, and rising in precipices of
awfnl magnitude.
Amidst these wild scenes are
where horses and
leys,
carefully watched,
which
heights of
Mount
pastoral val-
bred at the present day, but
from a fear of the leopards, or "
down from
steal
cattle are
catlanns,''
the surrounding wooded mountains.
Climax, peering above
Mount
The
Phoenicus on
the north-east, are the birth-place of poetry and wild imagination.
The flames
still
issue
tree {Phoenix) is indigenous
from the mountain, where the palm-
and where the vultures hover,
tures of the country which involuntarily
And
of the Phoenix.
Plates
I assign
I.
and
them
inscribed
cate the
KPB.
name
Coins of the same country, and
II. are, I believe,
proof of the correctness of
is
by
I
am
aware of deficiency in
but I venture to give
this,
several slight evidences.
This must be read
of the ancient city.
KAU,
Plate
which
the art of Nos. 2 and 10 are so similar to No.
1,
No.
In Nos.
3, 4, 5,
it
as
I.
may
my
No.
and in Plate
II.
that I place
3,
the ani-
mals and their ornaments so strongly resemble those in Nos.
and
1
indi-
The quadratum incusum and
them
together.
fea-
fables
this is the country of the Tramelae.
to the Caunians.
opinion, strengthened
—
remind us of the
1
10, that I venture to indicate this important link, although
perhaps the latter are half a century later in
On
art.
these
we
have a four-pronged instrument upon the obverse, replacing the
most ancient type on the former Coins, and we have decided Lycian characters forming a word, probably the
in that language.
It is a
monument from Xanthus, and now
line sixtv-one,
name
word found upon the
on the south-east
side,
of the district
stele or inscribed
in the British
Museum,
TI^XXEF't'EBE.
This
8
word, which
Plate
I.
found upon two of the Coins named,
is
No.
6,
and in Plate
which
difference of spelling,
7
and 8 in Plate
them
linking
I.
II.
retain the
to the others,
Nos.
and
1, 2,
interesting
is
If I
am
also
upon
a slight
3, A^dth
and remarkable.
Nos.
same emblems upon the obverse,
PPi/,
and are inscribed
consider are the coins of Pisilis, a city near the
river Calbis.
is
which
mouth
correct in placing this Coin,
it
I
of the
tends to
identify all bearing the four-pronged instrument with this dis-
The
trict.
wild-boar, as before observed, is the
common animal
may have
of the country, whilst the ideal winged-lion and griffin
been dreaded from the mountains of Calynda.
which
will appear hereafter, I
and
1, 2,
10,
may be
For reasons
suppose the Coins, Plate
600 to 550
as early as
b.c.
;
I.
Nos.
the others
from 546 to 467 b.c
In the Coins shown in Plates III. IV. and V., the uniform occurrence of the scalp of a lion's head as the reverse, will serve
to link
them
them together; and
this
emblem induces me
in the proverbial district of lions, occupied
these Coins
we have none of
B.C.
by the Troes. Of
the earliest date, the obverse being
the triquetra, which I consider to have been
546
first
by a female head.
of
TAI^FE,
on the south-east
is
replaced
This disappearance of the triquetra I sup-
pose to have occurred about 467 b.c
name
used about
The most recent Coins shown on these Plates are pro-
bably Nos. 4 and 5 on Plate IV., where the triquetra
the
to place
side,
a word foimd
Upon
these Coins
upon the
stele, line thirty,
TAj^FI^, and also upon the
a decree by Pixodarus, in the
Museum, This
is
we have
inscription,
the ancient
name
of one of the chief cities in the Troas, afterwards called by the
Greeks Tlos, and discovered by
Plate III. Nos.
1, 2, 3,
1,
and
me
5,
Again we have
in
and in Plate IV. Nos. 6 and
8,
in 1838.
9
the word
TPBB'^A/EME,
on the south-east
as found
upon the
stele, line eleven,
and read on the inscription as the people
side,
or district of the Troes,
On Plate
we have
III.
Nos.
name
the
MEXP^^^TP^,
with the inscription.
and
and 10, and in Plate IV. No.
6, 7, 8, 9,
There
fish
;
this place
is
fish
upon the
field
but one port or coast-town,
is
this is almost the only place
abounds in
with a
7,
upon the coast of Lycia that
called
by the present inhabitants
Mecre or Macri, by the ancient Greeks Telmessus;
from these Coins, Mecra or Mecrapata by the
and, judging
still earlier
inha-
bitants.
It
may
be seen in
my
Journal, that I describe the district
forming the upper or northern portion of the valley of the Xanthus as pre-eminently the corn-growing country of Lycia, and
the district was called Sarzakee.
Nos.
1
and
upon the
We
have Coins, Plate IV.
I^NP^+^, which we read
I am inclined to
of wheat.
2, inscribed
field
a grain
to this district,
must belong
feeling sure, from the
to the Troes.
No.
Zajawa, and
assign these
lion's scalp, that
they
the same Plate, inscribed
3, in
F'^A, must be nearly connected in point of country with Nos.
and
7.
We
There are many Lycian tombs
have only one large, indeed the largest, city in the Troas
entirely without coins of this period
by
far the largest portion of
without a
city.
We have
I can give
all
district is
inscribed
PI'PEKA^'.
for appropriating these Coins to the
pile of ruins of a city called
by the
city are in the
Lycian
Greeks Pinara; the inscriptions in the
character, and of the
and, on the other hand,
in Plate IV. one Coin, in Plate V. ten
no other reason
and most ancient
;
our collection of this
Coins, and in Plate VI. ten, in copper,
largest
1
at Araxa.
same age
as the Coins.
It is curious to
;
10
observe that the only copper coins found of the age of the
quetra belong to this city, and upon these the lion's scalp
placed by the earliest of the gods, Pan.
this
name of Perekle never
of the rock-tombs of
father
is
It is also curious that
appears upon the stele ; upon several
Limyra the people buried
we have
Perekleans; and
tri-
is re-
name
in Pinara the
are spoken of as
of a son whose
buried at Limyra.
Plate VII. contains a series of Coins, vrhich I assign, for
reasons hereafter given, to the period following the triquetra,
and probably continuing during the century
period
when Athens was
at
its
after
467 b.c, the
I select these
zenith of art.
Coins from others seen on Plate XVII. of the same date, because I think
it
probable that the inscription, and lion or Her-
culean character, of these
may
associate
them with the comitry
The mythology of Greece
of the Troes.
is
seen for the
time stealing into the coins of this country.
date
we
see,
ZAAAZ,
at
over
scribed
in the
the
In
name
a
figure
fighting,
known
less
this Plate,
of either
Nos.
by the Greeks Telemessus;
of ruins,
now
Hiera.
The name of
called La\4sse,
west side, line twenty
and there
is
on the tomb of 11^ A ^, or
or
and
8, are inscribed,
'T'PBBEN
may be
is
with
for the city Tele, called
whilst, almost adjoining, lie a
mass
and probably by the ancient Greeks
is
seen on the stele, south-
emblem
line thirty-five
seen in the Coin
which only occurs again upon the Coin No. 10
which
fi-
^, together or sepa-
and on the south-east,
also a curious
in-
to us in history, over other
tPBBENI^
;
EKTnP
EKATOMNXIZ, ZEZKX2Z,
1, 2, 5, 6,
T'^A'^B
I suggest that these
rately.
About the same
Cadyanda, with bilingual inscription,
and other names
gures.
sculpture
first
of this city in the age of the triquetra.
No.
5,
in Plate III.,
If
tliis
dis-
.
11
tribution of the Coins
correct,
is
it
is
curious to observe the
change substituting the head of Minerva
for the triquetra,
the Greek language in the names of the
cities.
same
are evidently the
of the
Nos. 3 and 4
as those already referred to
^POF'^TEI'^/E, is
scribed
a
and
name seen on the
No.
;
7, in-
south-east side
stele, line eighteen.
Plate VIII. contains some of the earliest Coins.
2 are curious and important
;
known
they are
Nos.
1
as Coins
and
found
throughout the centre of Asia Minor, the ancient kingdom of
Lydia, and from their early and peculiar art are assigned to
about 600 to 550
mark
These two specimens have a counter-
b.c.
of the triquetra, to sanction their passing current in the
country under our consideration
the Coins
may
be prior
4,
from
The very
early Coin
Nos.
6,
7,
Lycian characters
;
and
also
infer that
No. 3
No.
;
is
Hnked
No. 5
is
to
also
the latter with the triquetra and
8,
9.
To
these Coins I can assign no
precise district, but feel sure that they
the
we must
which has the triquetra of our country
allied to
mouth
this
but were in circulation dm'ing, the
to,
period of our triquetra.
No.
;
must belong
either to the
of the valley of the Xanthus, or to the Glaucus Sinus,
Bay
of Macri.
cation of a
fisherj^,
From
I
am
their early character,
inclined to place
them
and the
indi-
in the latter,
probably at the foot of the mountains of Calynda, on the north
of the bay, where alone, as I have said before, fish
is
abundantly
found
We
next
now commence with
five Plates,
eight Coins,
city.
IX. X. XI. XII. and XIII., containing
must be
all
upon our
The
forty-
of the same district, and probably
They mostly bear the
rarely found
the Coins of the Tramelae.
inscription
KOPPAAE,
inscriptions, but seen
a
name
on the north-cast.
12
and south-west, line sixteen, of the
line thirty -nine,
Plate XII. No.
KOPPAAE
7,
APJ
we have
on the
of Xanthus before
it
on one side of the Coin, and
Aiina was the name of the city
reverse.
was named by the Greeks; but
name
clined to believe that the
In
stele.
I
am
in-
of Arina was not given until
nearly the end of the period of our inquiry, as the only instances of its occurring
that on
No. 6
in Plate
upon Coins are the one before us and
XVIII.
:
and
this latter
Coin must be-
long to a period not long previous to the reign of Alexander;
and bearing
is
in
mind
that
we
are speaking of the chief city,
it
very remarkable.
This portion of our collection of Coins
having an endless variety in the types,
interest, as links to other
10, Plate
boar
kingdoms.
In Plate IX. Nos. 9 and
X. Nos. 9 and 10, the reverses are Assyrian types. The
may belong
to the plain of Xanthus,
in the country of the Tramelse.
may be
in itself a study,
is
and some of the greatest
The
where alone
cattle
it is
found
of various kinds
of the pastoral valleys, and those being devoured by
lions the incidents of their
neighbourhood
;
but
attempt to account for the varied devices, and
or city of Koprlle.
tion of Nos. 1, 7,
It
and
may
9, in
all
it is
in vain to
of this district
be obsen-ed that, with the excepPlate XI., there
is
no tendency to
the mythology of the Greeks dming the period of these Coins.
From
the overpowering proportions in numbers and types of
coins, I should feel inclined to
largest
mass of ruins forming the
give these to the capital and
site
of the city in later times
called Xanthus.
In Plates XIV. XV. and XVI. we have Coins varying in their
inscription
from the
latter Plates.
These are in some respects
linked together by the circumstance that the subjects on the re-
13
verse are almost wholly ideal animals^ and
upon
shields,
winged
stags.
—the
many
them borne
of
the winged pig, winged horses, and
griffin,
In Plate XVI. No.
1,
the Pegasus
is
prancing over
the head of a goat, doubtless a part of the legend of the Chimsera.
On many
of these decidedly Lycian coins
also in the coins of Cyprus.
From
we have symbols seen
this circumstance,
and the
wild poetic character of the scenery in the eastern portion of
the country of the Tramelse, I place these Coiiis to the southern
and eastern part of
3,
we have Coins
In Plate XIV. Nos.
this province.
1, 2,
and
of the same city, the inscriptions upon which
have not as yet been found upon the monuments of the country.
Nos. 5 and 6 are inscribed
V^APENA,
name
a
seen in lines nineteen and forty-five, vJ/^PEN
west of the
Nos.
It is
stele.
of the letter
A
is
remarkable that the more modern form
In Plate XV.
and 3 are the Coins of FtM/\\1^Pt.
1, 2,
On
side.
these Coins
usual triquetra.
On
and on No. 7 are
interesting
;
phic tripod.
it is
On
our stele
forty-fourth line, on the south-
we have
a duoquetra, as well as the
Nos. 8 and 9 we have this duoquetra with
a three-pronged instrument attached.
for
on the north-
[^
seen in these Coins alone.
we have Ff^M/Z/l'PAAE/VXE,
west
often found and
The
inscriptions
In No.
as yet undeciphered.
1
on these
the reverse
is
the legend of Hercules carrying away the Del-
In Plate XVI. No.
3,
we have again an
inscription
which no interpretation can be given.
We
have now glanced over the two
first
periods of the Coins
—indicated by the
—assigning the
probably
north-western
the
incusum —
of Lycia,
earliest
portion,
to
quadratum
entirely to
the country of the Caunians, a people which Herodotus leads
us to understand were the
from the island of Crete.
first
colony that settled on this coast
The age of the
triquetra succeeds.
14
and comprehends or extends over the country of the Troes and
the Tramelse^ from probably the
down
to the period of
commencement
of their coinage
which we are about to speak
the exact
;
date of which I conceive to be the battle of the Eurymcdon,
476
when
B.C.,
the Persian power in Lycia was finally van-
quished.
I
may
here quote the opinions of the late Mr.
J.
R. Stewart,
an able antiquary, who had, during his travels and researches in
much
Persia,
opportunity of comparing Oriental with European
He
ancient art.
me
wrote to
as follows
:
—"
I
have spoken of
the symbol so constantly occurring on the Lycomedian Coins,
imder the term of triquetra
On
or only two prongs.
the prongs
is
but
it
occasionally appears with four
one specimen (Plate X. No.
5)
one of
studded or embossed in such a manner as to iso-
late or detach it
entii'e
:
from the others
;
so that
we may conclude the
symbol to be composed of a single element, variously
repeated or combined, indicative of some national union of the
different States
which appear to have composed the Lycian com-
"VMien Lycia was conquered for Cyrus,
monwealth.
sumed by Mr. Sharpe, and,
that
it
in
my
is
pre-
opinion, with great justice,
remained under the control of Harpagus, in whose family
the government was probably continued.
dually acquired a certain independence
of which
it
if
I
am
is
:
may thus
have gra-
one of the privileges
its
own
not mistaken, these Coins actually com-
memorate the name of the founder.
noticed
It
evidently possessed, namely that of coining
money; nay,
payo.
it
The instrument already
no other than a crook or crotchet; in Greek, har-
Neither
is
it
unknown
in numismatics, since
on the coins of Arpi, a town in Apulia, offering in
a symbolic allusion
;
— on these
to the
name
it
appears
botli cases
of the city, on
tlie
15
others to the
letter,
name
written to
me
my
in this
might be strengthened by
in the year 1841,
the farther evidence shown in
No.
The arguments
of the founder."
present collection.
Plate
I.
4, has a knotted cord through the centre of the instrument,
suiting
it
for a grappler, to be
enemy's galley
;
and
in Plate
thrown into the rigging of the
IX. No.
the instrument
7,
is
varied
with the ornament of cocks' heads.
Bearing in mind the various works of art and the inscriptions
found in Lycia, I see no reason against the date of the com-
mencement of the use of the
triquetra
upon the Coins being
the time of the conquest of this country by Harpagus.
gives us the date recording his landing at Halicarnassus,
coast of Caria,
time
on the
and taking with him mercenaries from the mari-
546
cities,
We
b.c.
have no coins before this date, except-
ing those I have referred to Caunus, which also afterwards
under the same monogram.
It is
of coinage was carried from
its
who conquered Lycia
The
is
British
not improbable that the art
cradle in Lydia,
Monument
Museum,
is
by Harpagus,
Xanthus, a cast of which
at
and
will be,
a most important historical monument.
Greek portion of the
fell
for Cyrus.
stele or inscribed
now in the
at
History
inscription
is
when more
The
studied,
first line
of the
copied from the ode of Si-
monides on the battle of Eurymedon, 467 b.c
We
glean from
the remainder that Kaias, the son of Harpagus, had erected a
monument
to
taken many
commemorate
cities,
great %dctories, and that Kaias had
with the assistance of Athena.
This Kaias I
conceive to be the descendant of Harpagus, the founder of the
family, and conqueror of Lycia.
art in the country
was in the
trophy-monument now
The only monument
city of
in the British
Xanthus, and
Museum,
is
of
Greek
the Ionic
displaying in
its
16
many
sculptured figures the gi'eat deeds of Harpagus, seen as
an Oriental
cliicf,
aided by Greek mercenaries.
This places the
after the erection of
stele or its inscription at a date a little
the trophy-monument, and I think almost immediately after the
battle of
Eurymedon.
The
inscription
would give about eighty years
built these splendid
monuments
the family of Harpagus
and to
;
and of
we read the name of
six
who
his descendants,
commemorate the deeds of
to
this period I assign the use of
On
the triquetra upon the coins.
We
This
Harpagus,
for the joint reigns of
after his conquest of the country,
nine,
on the south-west side
be the tomb of the son of Harpagus.
states this stele to
the south-east side, line
fifty-
Artaxerxes.
must now consider the Coins
in Plate
The
XVII.
first
shown have upon them the same Oriental head, accompanied
by the same emblem or monogram, and doubtless represent the
same chief or governor in Lycia.
traiture or a
am
human head upon
correct in
my
sent the chief,
It is the first instance of por-
the coins of this country.
reasoning, I believe the Coin No.
To
of the Eurymedon.
effect this end,
of the Athenians, and from
Lycian
this period the
chiefs, is
vanquished at the battle
Cimon brought the
this period the
aid
head of Athena, the
always seen upon the coins.
About
same tribute of acknowledgment was paid on the
coins of Cyprus.
Although the emblem
ture to say Persian
emblem
— of the
the characters of the language
Greek head of Minerva.
AAl^NI'F^Atj
plain.
to repre-
and on the reverse his name or monogram, and
this prior to the Persians being finally
ally of the
1
If I
On
still
five
—I
think I
may
ven-
triquetra has disappeared,
continue and encircle the
of these Coins
is
the word
the meaning of which I cannot attempt to ex-
The monogram or
letters
being continued with the head
17
upon the Coin, must,
I think, indicate the
our inscription
name
us,
7,
and
is
the
is
and
is
chief, is
and
familiar,
This
on the rock- tombs
name
The Coin No.
word om-
name
Reviewing
Ave find the
this
inscrip-
of the chief
son of Arttoapara
Coin makes
monogram must have been
certain that the
to
appears under a sculptured battle-scene
Limyra; and
at
buried at Pinara.
this
doubtless the
it is
unknown
it is
If
without the monogram,
With
fiPTOXPliPf^.
inscribed
make us
represented.
is
of a district or city,
of the chief.
not found upon any of the monuments.
probably one of a succeeding
tions
name
the
me
the more
name
of the
other chief represented.
In Plate XVIII. the Coins are Greek, save the characters of
the inscriptions ; on Nos. 1 and 2, the Coins of Patara,
is
seen
the head of Mercury, with the emblem and attire of the Greek
god.
We have
line
thirty-eight
Lycians.
No. 3
the same god.
PTTfikPfi on the south-west
;
is
the reverse
Nos.
4, 5,
is
still
Athena, the
f^'^/f^ P^,
the city of
of Lycian characters induce
No. 6
is
me
city,
to claim
mon upon
the stele
forty-three,
on the south-east,
have each devoted
on the south-west,
theii'
and with the trace
them
a Coin of Arina, and 7 of V''
;
ally of the
which has adopted
and 8 have the duoquetra, which was
found only upon the coins of the same
tion;
side of the stele,
my
for
P^ E,
lines
a
collec-
name com-
forty-two and
line twenty-three.
These
cities
coins to Minerva, and within probably
a few years adopted the Greek language.
About
this period I
place the bilingual inscription in the British JNIuseum, a decree
of Pixodarus,
King of
Caria, in
334 b.c, which, from the form
of the letters and the discontinuance of the points of separation
between the words, I consider to
Ijc
the latest inscription which
18
I
have seen in the Lycian language.
upon
1)ut
Lycia,
it
— the
is
nation.
to the
beneath his throne, and the head of an
triquetra,
The chronological
my
me
registered the types of the conquered races of
Oriental chief, at his
ject of
This brings
which has a Greek inscription;
beantiful Coin of Alexander,
feet.
table prefixed to this
may
attempt, but
require
The arrow-headed
Work
some few remarks
in expla-
lines shoAv the periods of the vari-
The examination of the
ous groups of coins.
typifies the ob-
art alone of the
" Ilarpy Tomb/' the fragments of the three statues, and of the
Harpy upon a column,
our
era.
The " Lion
will place these nearly
Tomb"
is
of a more eastern style of
but of almost equally early date.
many thousands
that
of this age
;
600 years before
I
art,
have every reason to believe
of the tombs cut in the rocks are also
their weather-beaten appearance
construction, as well as their position in the
and more simple
cliffs,
honeycombed
with these excavated tombs, place them at an earlier period
than
many
of the groups of rock -tombs to which
been enabled to
scriptions
remain
fix
a date;
legible.
phcllus and Telmessus
tomb
may
—upon
we have now
these earlier tombs no in-
The Gothic-shaped tombs
at Anti-
be somewhat more ancient than the
of Paiafa the Satrap, which stood at Xanthus, and
in the collection at the British
Museum;
all
is
now
these belong to
the period when the Persian power was dominant in Lycia.
Of
the date of the " Inscribed
and of the " Trophy
already spoken.
tomb
at
Monument," the tomb
Monument," which Kaias
The
battle-scene sculptm*ed
Limyra, which
is
linked,
of the surrounding monuments,
is
by
of Kaias,
erected,
we have
upon the rock-
its inscription,
to others
of the age of a succeeding
19
chief,
after the battle of
Myra
follow this date.
The next monument
document;
is
it
Eurymedon.
me
of Cadyanda, discovered by
Greek names
for the
that
tomb of
it
nus, the
youth.
the
is
first
A
—
figures
and
is
Lycian and
its
Zala, or, in Greek, Salas.
inscribed over each
We
represented.
figure in the family group,
name
ruins of the city
This tomb speaks
in 1840.
sculpture,
its
various
at
an important historical
tomb near the
a sculptured
to us in three languages,
think,
I
is,
The coloured tombs
read
Hecatom-
represented as a
is
— Seskos, Mesos,
figure,
These names are upon a magnificent tomb on
and others.
the northern confines of Lycia, and must be associated with
At the
the history of the immediate neighbom'hood of Caria.
my
bottom of
calls
a
decree by
Pixodarus,
who
himself son of Hecatomnus, fi-om the nature of which I
infer that
At
we have
Plate
he was satrap or king of Lycia, as well as of Caria.
Halicarnassus, within a few miles, was the
another son,
who was
also a
ing this monument, from
the other monuments, I
its
am
tomb of Mausolus,
king or satrap of Caria.
art
and
Class-
antiquity, with
relative
led to suppose that this Salas
was
the father of Hecatomnus, and grandfather of Pixodarus and
The tomb
Mausolus.
is
worthy of a satrap, and
is
as beautiful
as the one at Xanthus, recording the title of its occupant.
this idea
is
plying the
correct,
name and
it
would be important
burial-place of the father of
Avho was the father of the two Carian kings.
monument
at Tlos, of Ezraza, a cast of which
Museum, belongs
to this period.
If
in history, as sup-
is
Hecatomnus,
The
pedestal
in the British
Amongst the most
recent
of the rock-tomljs I place the Ionic sculptured temples at Tel-
mess us.
.^0
The
last
monument
noticed on
found at Xanthus, and from
limit of our inquiry
its
but
it is
the fact that Lycia, 275
B.C.,
Philadelphus.
;
my
date
is
table
is
an inscription
not strictly witliin the
important as supplying to history
received
its
laws from Ptolemy
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