Human Trafficking

Human Trafficking
Modern Day Slavery
It’s Happening Here…
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Today’s Objectives …
• Human Trafficking vs. Human Smuggling
• Criminal Code and Immigration and Refugee Protection
Act
• Victim & Trafficker Mindsets
• Trends in Human Trafficking
• Recruitment
• ‘The Game’
• Possible Indicators of Human Trafficking
Project Seclusion
It’s Happening Here…
In 2010, the RCMP completed a
national Human Trafficking
Threat Assessment (Project
Seclusion) outlining the current
state of human trafficking in
Canada.
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PROJECT LOOKOUT
2011/12
Proceeds of Crime Grant to the
Ontario Provincial Police to
examine the incidence of
Human Trafficking in O.P.P.
policed jurisdictions.
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What is Human Trafficking?
Definition
Often described as a modern day slavery
• It involves the recruitment, harbouring
and/or control of the movement of persons
for the purpose of exploitation.
• Typically for sexual exploitation or forced
labour.
Trafficking or Smuggling?
• Human Trafficking vs. Human Smuggling
• Money Maker vs. Business Transaction
• Force vs. Choice
Domestic or International
Domestic
International
• Refers to any person who is
trafficked solely within the
boundaries of Canada
(regardless of the victim’s
legal status)
• Refers to any person who, in
the process of being
trafficked, crossed an
international border
(regardless of the victim’s
legal status)
Related CCC Offences
Criminal Code of Canada
Kidnapping
Forcible confinement
Uttering threats
Living off the avails
Assault/Sexual assault
procuring
Prostitution-related offences
Criminal organization offences
Canadian Criminal
Law Today…
Legal challenge to
Canada's prostitution
laws:
Living on the avails,
communication for
the purpose and the
bawdy house
provisions were found
to be unconstitutional.
Bedford v. Canada
"These appeals and the cross-appeal are
not about whether prostitution should be
legal or not. They are about whether the
laws Parliament has enacted on how
prostitution may be carried out pass
constitutional muster. I conclude that they
do not," SCC Justice McLachlin.
"I would therefore make a suspended
declaration of invalidity, returning the
question of how to deal with prostitution
to Parliament.“
December 20, 2013
Putting it in Global Terms…
• The United Nations states that Human
Trafficking is the fastest growing crime on
the planet.
• Human Trafficking is a 32 Billion dollar a
year industry.
Money, Money, Money
The Victim-Pimp Dynamic
Controlled dependency:
• Recruited and groomed for the sex trade.
• Often choosing those most vulnerable.
• Boyfriend-girlfriend relationship is established.
• Courting, Romance, Gift-giving.
• She eventually becomes the “main girl”.
• May be encouraged to recruit other girls to join them.
• Sometimes offered rewards for recruiting others.
- Control is established in many ways — including violence.
“The Game”
“The Game” refers to the business of prostitution.
The ‘players’ of the game include pimps, macks,
prostitutes and tricks. The following is a list of gameassociated terms:
• Stable: the amount of “ho’s” or prostitutes working for the pimp
• The Track: a corner or street where prostitutes ply their trade.
• Knocking: The process of grooming a woman for the sex trade. This process can include
physical or emotional abuse, humiliation and/or sexual assault.
• The Circuit: the process of traveling and introducing a prostitute to new cities in order to
maximize profits. The ‘circuit’ from a Canadian perspective can extend from Nova Scotia
through to the GTA and on to western cities.
• Choosy Suzy: a prostitute who ‘chooses’ another pimp through eye contact.
Hierarchy of “The Game”
• Pimp: a self-professed master of ‘The Game.’ A pimp directs prostitutes under
his control.
• Hustler: an individual usually engaged in criminal activity that does not
conflict with the pimp’s business (drugs, guns, illegal gambling etc.) A hustler is
held to a higher degree of respect than a ‘Mack.’ A hustler may be called upon
to help groom a prostitute.
• Mack: a pimp-like individual who operates visibly – attends to the needs of a
prostitute. Macks might work for pimps by surrendering their stables.
• Bottom: usually the pimp’s first prostitute, who now is too old or has
established herself enough to recruit and direct a pimp’s operation.
• Ho: a prostitute in the game working for a mack or pimp.
• Tricks: johns – consumers who purchase sex. They are the demand-side of the
sex trade.
3 Phases of “The Game”
PHASE ONE: Recruitment and Luring
• Schools, shopping malls, group homes, shelters, bars, internet, social
gatherings, youth court
PHASE TWO: Isolation
• Removed from friends and family
• Feelings of being trapped
• Put in compromising situations. Exploited for control
• Threats of Violence
PHASE THREE: Control and Exploitation
• Intimidation
• Threats to family and friends
• Psychological and Sexual Abuse
The Rules…as the Traffickers See It
1.
2.
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No talking to anyone except paying customers.
No talking to black men unless they were paying customers
No eye contact with men unless they were customers
No consuming alcohol
No talking to other dancers/girls
Cell phone only to be used to call the pimp
Check-in every hour by voice or text message
Perform sex acts for money whenever the opportunity arises.
All money earned belongs to the pimp
Enforcing the Rules…as the Traffickers See It
In addition to the established rules, the trafficker ensured
obedience through the following ways:
• Drove the victim to and from the strip club for each shift
• Promised the victim he would help her gain custody of her child.
• Had the victim rent motel rooms, then took the keys away,
effectively restricting her movement.
• Instructed the victim to never leave the hotel without permission
• Attended the hotel the victim was staying at every morning
• Physically assaulted the victim and threatened her with a firearm
Types of Pimps
• Mack Daddy – top rung pimp, use’s
zero violence controls and holds loyalty
from his stable through mental
manipulation only
• Gorilla Pimp – violent aggressive
pimp, uses brutality and threats to
control his stable through fear and
intimidation
• Addiction based pimp – uses drug
addiction / dependency to control his
stable will also not hesitate to use
violence.
Pop Culture Promotes It?
Internet Advertising
Typical Internet Sex Ad
Internet Advertising…in print
•
•
•
•
GINGER!! the EROTIC PLAYMATE you have been looking for!
You will fall in love with my FLIRTY attitude, DELICIOUS body , and ANGELIC BEAUTY!
So stop wasting your time with the rest and call me! I truly LOVE spending time with RESPECTFUL Men
I will make your experience something you'll NEVER forget! Great with short notice and tons of fun!
GINGER! 6477451986 call or text to make appt! FETISH FRIENDLY! NO African Americans THANK
YOU!
5'3/petite/ocean blue eyes/b36
Poster's age: 21
Location: London, 401 and wellington
Post ID: 19266086 london
Other ads by this user:
•
°BEAUTIFUL°♥ ○●♡ Italian/Spanish ♡●○ New ★In ★Town!! ★♥ Amazing body ♥★ - 20 °BEAUTIFUL°♥
○●♡ Italian/Spanish ♡●○ New ★In ★Town!! ★♥ Amazing body ♥★ - 20 (401 and
Wellington) adult entertainment: escorts LONDON - 21 YEARS OLD 21 OCT 2013
•
♥♡STUNNING♥♡ REDHEAD★ New in town!!♥ Cassie★♥ - 19 (hwy 7 and
woodbine) adult entertainment: escorts WOODBINE AREA - 20 YEARS OLD - 20 OCT 2013
•
STUNNING ♥RedHead♥ new in town!! Cassie 19 (401/HESPELER) adult entertainment: escorts KITCHENER/WATERLOO AREA - 19 YEARS OLD
Internet Advertising
Recruiting and Moving the Victim
Some common recruitment methods and locations (within
Canada or abroad) include:
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Near shelters
Shopping centers
Bus, train, and subway stations
Children hangouts (libraries, schools, pool halls, community
centres, parks, streets, etc.)
• Parties (drugs may be distributed making it easy for a person
to let their guard down)
• Festivals/Sporting Events
• The Internet/ Facebook
Victim Typology
Denial of being trafficked, even in the face of contradictory
evidence…
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Runaways
Low self esteem
Drug addiction
History of sexual or physical abuse in past
Marginalized women
Poverty
Difficult to get a statement from these victims
Fear
International HT Indicators
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Unable to expand, or build on, an original story
No baggage or too few bags, clothing, or funds
Unaware of location of documents
Unaware of local surroundings
Deceived about the nature of the job, location, or
employer
Deceived about content or legality of work contract
Excessive working days and hours and/or very bad
working conditions, hazardous work
Low or no salary
Poor living conditions
Final thought…
“You may choose to look the other
way but you can never say again
that you did not know.”
William Wilberforce
Sgt. Shelley Tarnowski
Crime Prevention Section
Ontario Provincial Police
705-329-6641
[email protected]