Zemea® Propanediol - in

Transcription

Agenda
• DuPont Tate & Lyle Overview
• Zemea® Propanediol
– Process, Properties, Benefits
• Skin Care Performance
– Skin Irritation Study
– Moisturization Effects
– Consumer Efficacy Testing
• Hair Care Performance
– US Hair Tress Study
– Japan Moisturization and Consumer Tests
• Anti-fungal/Anti-Microbial Testing
• Solvency and Miscibility Testing
• Sustainability and Life Cycle Assessment
• Zemea® Certifications
2
DuPont Tate & Lyle BioProducts Confidential
DuPont Tate & Lyle Bio Products
Joint venture formed in 2004 between DuPont and Tate & Lyle to produce
propanediol from corn sugar, a sustainable & renewable resource
DuPont is a world leader in science and
innovation across a range of disciplines,
including agriculture and industrial
biotechnology, chemistry, biology,
materials science and manufacturing.
2011 revenue was $38.7 billion.
Tate and Lyle is a global provider of
renewable ingredients, solutions and
services to the food, beverage and
industrial customers. Headquartered in
London, UK, Tate and Lyle 2011 revenue
was $4.3 billion.
3
DuPont Tate & Lyle Bio Products
Loudon, Tennessee Plant
• 12 year R&D effort
• Production started in
November, 2006
• 62,000 metric tons annual
capacity of bio-based
propanediol
Award winning…
• 2003 EPA Presidential Green
Chemistry Award
• 2007 ACS Heroes of
Chemistry Award
• 2009 ACS-BIOT Industrial
Biotechnology Award
• 2010 State of Tennessee
Governor’s Award for Trade
Excellence
4
Global Distribution Network
Americas
EMEA
Asia-Pacific
Essential
Ingredients
(Eastern and
Midwest US)
Biesterfeld (Austria, Germany,
Kum Kang (Republic of
Switzerland, Bulgaria, Croatia,
South Korea)
Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania,
Slovakia)
Lipscomb
Chemical
(Western US)
IMCD (Belgium, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Italy, Ireland,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Russia, South Africa, Sweden,
Turkey, UK)
Brenntag (India, Thailand,
Indonesia, Malaysia,
Philippines, Singapore,
Vietnam)
Dichem (Greece)
Iwase Cosfa (Japan)
Gattefosse
(Canada)
Sarfam (Brazil) Tagra Biotechnologies (Israel)
Zeus Quimica (Spain)
IMCD (Australia, New
Zealand)
Taiwan High and Better
Corp. (Taiwan)
Cosfa Trading (China)
5
Process to Zemea® Propanediol
CO2
bioprocess
Fermentation process using
patented biocatalyst
Corn
Glucose
Refine to 99.8% Purity
Zemea®
(Bio-derived 1,3-Propanediol)
6
Zemea® in Cosmetics & Personal Care
Why use Zemea®…
• 100% natural, petroleum-free
glycol alternative
• Versatile - Can be used in a
wide variety of personal care
products
Performance Improvements:
• No skin irritation or sensitization
• Enhanced moisturization effects
• Improved sensorial attributes
• May boost efficacy of
preservatives
Environmentally Sustainable
7
Zemea® Propanediol is a Specialty Glycol with a
Range of Potential Uses
• Emollient
• Botanical extracts
• Humectant
• Viscosity enhancer
• Solvent
• Carrier for actives
8
Zemea® Benefits vs. Propylene Glycol
Skin Care:
• No skin irritation or sensitization even at concentrations as high as 75%.
• Increased humectancy level measured in a skin care emulsion.
• Consumers perceive better sensory feel in a Zemea® skin lotion.
Hair Care:
• Better wet stage properties in a shampoo formulation.
• Improved viscosity-building in a shampoo formulation.
Certifications:
• Certified by the Natural Products Association and approved by Ecocert and Natrue.
Sustainability:
• Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) demonstrates less greenhouse gas emissions and energy
used in production of Zemea® vs. PG.
• Petroleum-free
9
Zemea® Benefits vs. Glycerin
Skin Care:
• Consumers perceived better aesthetics with Zemea® across all attributes
tested. Most notable differences:
– No tackiness
– No filming
– Better absorption
– Smoother feel
• Zemea® has potential synergy with glycerin – tests indicate higher
moisturization level when used together.
Hair Care:
• Tresses washed in a Zemea® shampoo were rated higher for a more
“conditioned and clean feel” vs. glycerin.
10
Skin Care Performance Studies
• Skin Irritation RIPT Study
• Moisturization Effect vs.
Petroleum-based Glycols
• Syngeristic Moisturization
Effect with Glycerin
• Consumer Testing of Lotion
Aesthetics
11
No Skin Irritation Observed with Zemea®
12
Improved Skin Moisturizing Performance
13
13
Skin Moisturizing Performance
• The initial moisturizing effect of Zemea®
propanediol was compared to glycerin in an
aqueous solution. Three aqueous solutions
were formulated using 10% Zemea®, 10%
glycerin and a 5% Zemea® / 5% glycerin
mixture.
• Each test formulation was applied to the
forearms of the volunteers and moisture levels
were measured by conductance using a
Corneometer ASA-Ml (Asahi Biomed,
Yokohama, Japan).
Advantages
• Zemea® provides better skin moisturization during the initial application.
• Zemea® shows a synergistic effect when formulated with glycerin that improves and extends skin
moisturization.
• Formulating with a Zemea® / glycerin mixture for improved moisturization requires less glycerin and
may reduce tackiness.
Source: Iwase Cosfa Co.
14
Consumer Efficacy Testing - Skincare
Testing Summary
• A consumer testing panel consisting of 20 subjects completed a skin
efficacy study using an oil-in-water lotion with a 5% glycol concentration.
The subjects tested 4 different formulations with a varying glycol
component:
– Zemea® Propanediol
– Propylene Glycol (PG)
– Butylene Glycol (BG)
– Glycerin
• This four-day conditioning and three-day product use cycle design was
administered by Consumer Product Testing Company, Fairfield, NJ.
This was a blind test and the formulations were randomized. The subjects
completed a daily use diary and completed a questionnaire where they
reported their level of agreement on a scale of 1 to 7 with 10 different
statements regarding each lotion’s sensory and use characteristics:
15
Results Summary
• Consumers rated the lotion containing Zemea® higher in ALL of the
attributes vs. the lotion containing glycerin.
• Consumers rated the lotion containing Zemea® higher in almost all of the
attributes vs. the lotions containing PG and BG:
** Superior
Zemea®
Propanediol
Spreads Easily
No Greasy Feeling
No Tackiness
No Filming
Soft Feeling
Absorbs Easily
Feels Comfortable
Smooth Feeling
Pleasant Experience
Skin Feels Moisturized
*
*
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
*
*Equivalent
Inferior
Propylene
Glycol
Butylene
Glycol
Glycerin
*
*
*
*
16
Sk
in
Fe
h
oi
s
tu
ri
d
ce
g
le
ze
ie
n
g
ily
Fe
el
in
fo
rt
ab
Ea
s
ee
lin
Ex
pe
r
M
an
t
el
s
as
oo
t
C
om
or
bs
tF
g
ss
Fi
lm
in
ki
ne
in
g
as
ily
Propylene Glycol
Pl
e
Sm
s
A
bs
E
Fe
el
Ta
c
N
o
o
as
y
So
f
N
G
re
ds
Zemea® Propanediol
Fe
el
N
o
Sp
re
a
% Subjects Strongly Agree or Agree
Zemea® compares favorably in ALL attributes
Butylene Glycol
Glycerin
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
17
Examples of Skin Care Products Containing Propanediol
Philosophy – Purity Made Simple
Foaming Cleanser
Kiehl’s Rare Earth Deep Pore Cleansing
Masque
Kate Somerville Self-Tanning Towlettes
Crabtree & Evelyn Lavender Hand
Therapy
Smashbox High Definition Concealer
Tom’s of Maine Long Lasting Stick
Deodorant
The Body Shop Wild Cherry Body Scrub
Vichy Aqualia Antiox SPF12 Sunscreen
Hydrating Fluid
Yes to Carrots Carrot Rich Shower Gel
Ahava 3-in-1 Mineral Toning Cleanser
Helena Rubinstein Contour Reshaping
Night Cream
18
Hair Care Performance Studies
• US Hair Tress Study –
Zemea® vs. Glycols and
Glycerin in a clear shampoo
formulation
• Japan – Effect of various
glycols on water retention
• Japan – Consumer testing of
shampoo and leave-on
formulation with Zemea® vs.
Glycols and Glycerin
• Zemea® increases viscosity
with less salt in a shampoo
formulation vs. petroleumbased glycols.
19
US Hair Tress Study Experimental Design
• The bleach treated hair tresses were tested and evaluated in triplicate at each
stage by a trained laboratory panel at Bria Research Labs, Libertyville, IL
• The scientist applied 1 cc of each shampoo on a blind basis to a 2g tress.
• Following treatment and at each stage, the scientist rated each tress using a 1-5
ordinal scale for the 14 attributes listed below. 1 being poor, 3 being moderate
and 5 being excellent.
Application Stage
Wet Stage
Dry Stage
Ease of Spreading
Ease Wet Detangling
Moisturized/Conditioned
Feel
Flash Foam (Speed to
Foam/Lather)
Ease Wet Combing
Clean Feel (Lack of
Residue/Build-up)
Creaminess of Lather
Clean Feel (Lack
Residue/Build-up)
Body/Fullness
Foam Density (Small Bubble
Size)
Moisturized/Conditioned
Feel
Lack of Static
Lack of Frizz
Shine
20
Application Stage:
Zemea® Rated Better or Comparable on Most Attributes
5.0
Ease of
Spreading
4.5
US Hair Tress Study
Clear Shampoo (5% Glycol)
Bria Research Labs
4.0
Small
Bubble Size
3.5
3.0
Flash
Foam
Creaminess
of Lather
21
Wet Stage:
5.0
4.5
Ease of
Detangling
US Hair Tress Study
Bria Research Labs
4.0
3.5
Conditioned
Feel
3.0
2.5
Ease of
Wet Combing
Clean
Feel
22
Dry Stage:
5.0
Ease of
Dry Combing
4.5
Shine
4.0
Clean
Feel
US Hair Tress Study
Bria Research Labs
3.5
3.0
Lack of
Static
Conditioned
Feel
Body /
Fullness
23
Japan Hair Studies
The following studies were conducted by Iwase
Cosfa, Tokyo, Japan:
• Effect of Zemea® vs. glycols and glycerin on
level of water retention under extreme heat
conditions using bleached hair tresses
• Consumer evaluation of sensorial attributes of a
shampoo and leave-on solution with Zemea®
vs. glycols and glycerin.
24
Water Retention Experimental Design
Iwase Cosfa measured the effect that various glycols has on water retention using
chemically-damaged hair samples.
Test Method:
1) Hair tresses were bleached 3 times in a 31% aqueous:3.5% ammonium
solution, 30 minutes each time.
2) Each of the bleached hair tresses was then immersed overnight in various
aqueous solutions with a 10% polyol content (Zemea® Propanediol, Glycerin,
Butylene Glycol (BG) and Propylene Glycol (PG) plus a control-purified water).
3) The hair tresses were washed with warm water and air dried. They were
stored at 25oC, 75% relative humidity, for 24 hours.
4) Measurement of the water content in the hair was conducted:
• Primary evaporation is evaluated (A): Each hair sample (300 mg., 1
cm.) is heated at 65oC for 40 minutes and weighed.
• Secondary evaporation is evaluated (B): The same sample is then
heated at 180oC for 30 minutes and weighed.
Ratio of Secondary Evaporation (%) = (A – B) x 100
B
Source: Iwase Cosfa, Japan
25
Increased moisturization on chemically-treated hair
can be demonstrated using a Zemea® solution
Zemea® tresses exhibited higher water retention under extreme
.
heat conditions
(180oC) than the other polyol solutions
26
Consumer Shampoo Study
Five shampoos with a varying polyol at a 10% concentration were used for this
test including a control (no polyol). The test formulations included: Zemea®
Propanediol, Propylene Glycol (PG), Butylene Glycol (BG) and Glycerin.
Experimental Design:
A 3 day blind usage test was conducted
with 8 Asian test subjects. Each test
subject used each of the 5 formulations
for 3 days and reported on various
sensorial attributes after each day. The
test subjects shampooed their hair
thoroughly and dried with a hair dryer.
No conditioners or styling agents were
used.
The sensorial attributes included:
Smoothness, Softness,
Moisturizing, Calmness, Lightness,
Firmness, Sleekness
Shampoo Starting Point Formulation
Ingredient
Polyol (Zemea® Propanediol,
PG, BG, Glycerin
10.0
Sodium Laureth Sulfate
7.5
Lauramidopropyl Betaine
4.5
Polyquaternium-10
0.2
Cocamide Methyl MEA
1.0
Water
To 100
Wt.
Percent
27
Zemea® Shampoo was rated higher or comparable on
almost all of the attributes vs the other Polyol Shampoos
Comparison between Zemea®
Shampoo and Control
Comparison between Zemea®
and other Polyol Shampoos
Smoothness
120
Smoothness
100
110
100
90
Sleek
Sleek
Moisturizing
90
Moisturizing
80
80
70
70
60
60
50
50
Softness
Firmness
Calmness
Lightness
Softness
Firmness
Calmness
Lightness
28
Consumer Leave-On Product Study
• Four aqueous solutions with a polyol at a 5% concentration were used for this
test. The test formulations included the following polyols: Zemea®
Propanediol, Propylene Glycol (PG), Butylene Glycol (BG) and Glycerin.
• A 2 day blind usage test was conducted with 5 Asian test subjects. Each test
subject used each of the 4 formulations for 2 days and reported on various
sensorial attributes after each day. The test subjects shampooed their hair
and towel dried. They then applied the test sample on hair and dried with a
hair dryer. No other conditioners or styling agents were used.
• The sensorial attributes included:
– Smoothness
– Moisturizing
– Lightness
– Calmness
– Softness
29
Zemea® is rated higher in all the attributes vs the
other Polyol Solutions
Smoothness
100
90
80
70
Softness
Moisturizing
60
50
Calmness
Lightness
30
Summary of Japan Hair Evaluations
Zemea® provides important benefits for hair care formulations:
• Increased moisturization - Zemea® has a higher ratio of
secondary water absorption than the other polyols tested
which may equate to a feeling of more moisturized hair.
• Increased perception of smoothness and softness
• In a shampoo formula, Asian consumers rated the Zemea®
shampoo higher on almost all of the sensorial attributes
that were tested.
• In a Leave-On formulation, Asian consumers rated the
Zemea® solution higher on all of the sensorial attributes
that were tested.
31
Zemea® Increases Viscosity in a Clear
Shampoo requiring 1/3 less NaCl.
Comparison of Physical Properties
Comparison of NaCl Addition Results
Propylene
Glycol
Butylene
Glycol
Viscosity, cP (After NaCl)
4,250
4,000
2,950
pH
6.10
5.99
5.92
Foam Test
Pass
Pass
Pass
Before NaCl
4
1
4
After NaCl
6
10
10
Before NaCl
930/30
850/30
850/30
After NaCl
840/20
830/20
820/20
Cloud Pt (oC)
Foam Ht / Vol,
(mm / mL)
5
4.07
4
NaCl Addition (%)
Zemea®
3
2
2.75
1.76
1
Starting Point Formulation
Phase
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
Ingredient
Deionized water
Disodium EDTA
Polyol
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate
Sodium Laureth Sulfate
Cocamidopropyl Betaine
Cocamide MEA
Fragrance
DMDM Hydantoin
NaCl (20%)
Wt, %
48.29
0.10
5.00
25.00
15.00
2.50
2.00
0.15
0.20
1.76
0
Zemea®
Propylene
Glycol
Butylene
Glycol
32
Examples of Companies Using Propanediol in
Hair Care
Commercialized Products:
Aveda – Smooth Infusion Glossing Straightener
Yes to Carrots – Daily Pampering Shampoo
Malin + Goetz – Intensive Hair Mask
Organic Beauty Products – Live Clean Exotic
Nectar Argan Oil
C.A. Botana – Sea Enzyme California Botanical
Shampoo and Conditioner
Davines – No.11 Universal Instant Grip Glue
Kelly Van Gogh – Wonderlust Illuminating Tonic
Kronos Kontrol – Styling Mousse and Hair
Spray
Ingredients:
Croda – Chromaveil UV Absorbing Quat
Chemical Compounds – BioFusion
Concentrated Hair Dyes
33
Antimicrobial and Antifungal Testing
34
Anti-fungal / anti-microbial testing
• Neat Zemea® has
antimicrobial properties that
prohibit contamination during
shipping and handling.
– Similar to PG, Better than
BG
• Zemea® can boost the
efficacy of preservatives in
cosmetics and personal care
formulations.
35
Zemea® Neat Glycol - Anti-fungal /mold testing
Testing Summary
Neat samples of Zemea®, PG and BG were evaluated using the CTFA challenge
test guidelines. The neat glycol samples were inoculated with approximately 6x106
mold and yeast colonies, and the number of colonies was counted periodically.
After 4 weeks the inoculation was repeated.
Mold and yeasts used in the testing:
•
Aspergillius niger
•
Candida albicans
•
Blue/green Penicillium
•
Trichoderma
Results: Zemea® performed equal to PG and slightly better than BG
After 6 hours: The number of colonies was less than 10 for Zemea® and PG.
After 48 hours: The number of colonies was less than 10 for BG.
After 4 weeks: The second inoculations occurred with very similar results.
36
Neat Glycols in Molds and Yeasts: 0 to 8 weeks
For molds and yeasts, Zemea® performed equal to PG and
slightly better than BG.
1000000
100000
10000
Number of
colonies
1000
Zemea®
Propylene Glycol
Butylene glycol
100
10
504
48
168
Time (hours)
6
672
336
72
24
0
1
37
Zemea® Neat Glycol - Antibacterial Testing
Testing Summary
Neat samples of Zemea®, PG and BG were evaluated using
the CTFA challenge test guidelines. The neat glycol samples
were inoculated with approximately 6x106 bacterial colonies
and the number of colonies was counted periodically. After 4
weeks the inoculation was repeated.
Bacteria used in the testing:
• Group I – S.aureus, E.coli, P.vulgaris, Ent.cloacae and Ent.
Gergoviae
• Group II – Pseudomonas awruginosa, P.fluorescens,
P.cepacia and Flavobacterium sp.
• Group III – Bacterial Isolates
38
Antibacterial Testing Results
Group I Bacteria: Zemea® performed equal to PG and much better
than BG.
After 24 hours: The number of colonies was less than 10 for Zemea®
and PG.
After 2 weeks: The number of colonies was less than 10 for BG.
After 4 weeks: The second inoculations occurred with very similar
results. The number of colonies were less than 10 for Zemea® and
PG after 24 hours. For BG, it took more than 2 weeks to achieve the
same level of reduction.
Groups II and III Bacteria: Zemea® performed equal to PG and BG.
After 24 hours: The number of colonies was less than 10 for Zemea®,
PG and BG.
After 4 weeks: The second inoculations occurred with very similar
results.
39
Neat Glycols on the mixture of Group I. bacteria
For Group 1 bacteria, Zemea® performed equal to PG and much
better than BG.
Modified CTFA Challenge Test (Group I. mixture of S.aureus, E.coli,
P.vulgaris, Ent.cloacae and Ent.gergoviae)
1000000
100000
10000
1000
100
10
Zemea*
Propylene Glycol
Zemea*
4 week
2 week
72hours
24hours
Time
4 week
2 week
72hours
24hours
Number of
colonies
Time
1
Butylene Glycol
40
Zemea® may boost the efficacy of
preservatives in formulations
Study#1 Testing Summary
• An o/w skin care emulsion formula was chosen as the base
material.
• Seven preservative systems were tested at one-half their
recommended use level and evaluated in four separate emulsions
with varying levels of Zemea®.
• Challenge testing was conducted using Cosmetic, Toiletry, and
Fragrance Association (CTFA) Microbiology Guidelines.
• The challenge testing was conducted by Clinical Research
Laboratories, Piscataway, NJ.
• Results are expressed as the minimum percentage of Zemea®
needed to boost preservative efficacy.
Note: Zemea® is not a preservative nor is it considered an active
ingredient.
41
Experimental Design: Formulation
A generic oil-in-water skin care emulsion formula was chosen as the base material
and prepared by Cosmetech Laboratories, Inc., Fairfield, NJ. The formula was
prepared to minimize performance impact and allow measurement of preservative
boosting effectiveness.
Ingredient
INCI Name
Weight, %
Water, deionized
Water
qs to 100%
Zemea® propanediol
Propanediol
0 to 6.0
Xanthan gum
Xanthan gum
0.3
Liponate GC
Caprylic Capric Triglyceride
10.0
Sesame oil
Sesamum Indicum (Sesame) seed oil
5.0
Lipomulse 165
Glyceryl Stearate
2.0
Promulgen D
Cetearyl Alcohol and Ceteareth 20
1.5
DC 200-100
Dimethicone
1.0
NaOH /Citric acid (20% sol)
Sodium hydroxide/citric acid
qs to pH 5.0-6.0
Preservative*
Preservative*
(Table 2)
42
Experimental Design: Preservatives
The following preservatives were chosen to represent combinations commonly
used for their effectiveness to protect products. The four phenoxyethanol-based
and three natural-based systems were tested at one-half their recommended
use level and evaluated in four separate emulsions with varying levels of
Zemea® (0.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 wt%).
Preservative
INCI Name
Suggested,
Weight %
Actual,
Weight %
Microcare PM3
Phenoxyethanol,
Methylparaben,
Propylparaben,
Ethylparaben
0.3 – 0.7
0.15
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
euxyl® PE 9010
Phenoxyethanol,
Ethylhexylglycerin
0.5 – 1.0
0.25
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
Neolone PE
Phenoxyethanol,
Methylisothiazolinone
0.6
0.3
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
Jeecide CAP-4 Optiphen
Phenoxyethanol, Caprylyl
glycol
0.5 – 1.5
0.25
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
Lexgard® Natural
Glyceryl Caprylate, Glyceryl
Undecylenate
1.0 – 1.5
0.5
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
Dermosoft 688 ECO
Anisic acid, Parfum
0.2
0.1
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
Geogard® ULTRA
Gluconolactone, Sodium
benzoate
1.0
0.5
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
Zemea®, Wt %
43
Experimental Design: Test Methods & Organisms
Using the organisms listed below, the formulations were inoculated with
approximately 1x106 bacteria per gram of product, 1x105 yeast cells per
gram of product, or 1x105 mold spores per gram of product:
Organism
Inoculation
Incubation temp.
Staphylococcus aureus
1x106 CFU/g
30-37oC
Escherichia coli
1x106 CFU/g
30-37oC
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
1x106 CFU/g
30-37oC
Candida albicans
1x105 CFU/g
30-37oC
Aspergillus niger
1x105 CFU/g
20-25oC
The microbial count was measured at 1, 2 and 7 days to determine the survival
ability of the microorganisms in the preserved test formulations.
44
Experimental Design: Acceptance Criteria
For this type of formulation, the preservative is effective in the sample
examined if:
1. The concentrations of viable bacteria demonstrate no less than a 3.0 log
reduction (99.9%) from the initial count at 7 days, and no increase for the
duration of the test period and
2. The concentration of viable yeast and molds demonstrate no less than a
1.0 log reduction (90.0%) from the initial count at 7 days, and no increase
for the duration of the test period.
45
Results Study #1 – December 2010
Minimum percentage of Zemea® needed to boost the preservative’s
efficacy at one-half their recommended use level
46
Results – Study #1 – December 2011
47
Results – Study #2 – December 2011
48
Conclusion
Zemea® with Preservative Level Reduced by 50%:
• Zemea® worked well with the phenoxyethanol-based preservatives and boosted
the preservative efficacy for gram-positive, gram-negative, and yeast organisms.
• Zemea® consistently boosted the efficacy of each preservative tested with
Aspergillus niger.
• Zemea® worked well with the natural based preservatives and boosted the
preservative efficacy for yeast and molds.
Zemea® with Preservative Level Reduced by 75%:
• Zemea® worked well with the phenoxyethanol-based preservatives and boosted
the preservative efficacy for gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.
• Zemea® consistently boosted the efficacy of the phenoxyethanol-based
preservatives tested with Aspergillus niger.
Butylene Glycol (4%) with Preservative Level Reduced by 50%:
• 4% Butylene glycol did not work well with the preservative levels used in this
study.
• 4% Butylene glycol inconsistently boosted the efficacy with gram-negative and
yeast organisms.
49
Solubility and Miscibility Testing
50
Hansen Solubility Parameters – Predicting Solubility
Dispersion
(δ
δd)
Polarity
(δ
δp)
Hydrogen
Bonding (δ
δh)
Molar Vol
(V1)
Hexane
14.9
0
0
131.6
1-Decanol
17.5
2.6
10
191.8
Ethanol
15.8
8.8
19.4
58.5
Propylene Glycol
16.8
9.4
23.3
73.6
Butylene Glycol
16.6
10
21.5
89.9
Dipropylene Glycol
16.5
10.6
17.7
130.9
17
11
26
55.8
Glycerol
17.4
12.1
29.3
73.3
Methanol
15.1
12.3
22.3
40.7
Zemea® Propanediol
16.8
13.5
23.2
72.5
Butanediol
16.6
15.3
21.7
88.9
Water
15.5
16
42.3
18
Ethylene Glycol
Materials having similar Hansen solubility parameters have high affinity for each other. The extent of
the similarity in a given situation determines the extent of the interaction.
Solubility: the ability of a substance/solute to dissolve in a solvent. Measured by maximum amount of
solute dissolved in a solvent.
51
Solubility & Solvency Data for Zemea® Propanediol
Hildebrand solubility parameter (δ): In choosing a solvent for a particular formulation or application, knowledge of its solubility
parameter can be of considerable assistance. Formulators can use this number to predict what solvents will dissolve in another and
form a solution. They are based on the idea that like-dissolves-like when the solubility parameters are similar. The value of (δ) is
normally expressed in units of (cal/cm³)½. They are approximate and may vary with temperature.
Miscibility: the ability of a liquid to mix in all proportions, forming a homogeneous solution.
Solubility: the ability of a substance/solute to dissolve in a solvent. Measured by maximum amount of solute dissolved in a solvent.
52
Sustainability and Life Cycle
Analysis (LCA) of Zemea®
53
Life Cycle Analysis Approach
LCA is the only standardized method to evaluate the environmental
footprint of a whole supply chain. Energy consumption and Green
House Gas (CO2) emissions are key factors in determining
environmental footprint.
Biodegradation of
product results in no net
CO2 increase
Cradle-to-grave
CO2
Raw Materials
Energy
Cradle-to-gate
Recycle
Transportation
Raw Material
Acquisition
Transportation
Use/Reuse/
Maintenance
Manufacturing
Co-products
Air
Emissions
Waterborne
Wastes
Waste
Management
Solid
Wastes
54
Zemea® Life Cycle Assessment* Comparison
55
55
Zemea® Approvals, Certifications and Registrations
Approvals/Certifications:
• EcoCert™ - July 2008
• DfE – EPA’s Design for the
Environment - November 2008
• s-GRAS - March 2009
Registrations:
• INCI Name: Propanediol
• EINECS Number: 207-997-3
• CAS Number: 504-63-2
• REACH Registration Number:
01-2119489383-28-0000
• Natural Products Association (NPA) –
October 2009
• Health Canada - Natural Health
Products Ingredient – September 2010
• USDA 100% Bio-Based –April 2011
• USP-FCC – July 2011
• Kosher – September 2011
• Halal – November 2011
56
Zemea® Commercialized in over 900 Products Globally
Skin Care:
• Cleansers
– Facial Cleansers
– Body Wash
– Shower Gels
– Anti-Acne
– Hand Sanitizers
• Moisturizers
– Moisturizing Lotions and Creams
– Anti-aging Serum
– Skin Care Masks
– Eye Creams
– Scar Massage Gel
• Sun Care
– Sunscreen Lotions
– Sunscreen Wipes
• Baby Care Products
• Men’s Skin Care Products
Hair Care:
• Shampoo
• Conditioner
• Various Styling Products
Toiletries
• Deodorants
• Oral Care Products
• Personal Lubricants
Cosmetics:
• Concealer
• Mascara
• Makeup Remover
Other Ingredients:
• Natural Esters
• Fragrances
• Natural Preservatives
• Botanical Extraction
57
Thank You for Your Interest!
“Zemea® the Natural Choice…
Purity and Renewable Performance”
www.duponttateandlyle.com
58

Zemea® Propanediol - in

Transcription

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