King of Bavaria

Bavarian Culture
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1
Bavarian Culture
History of Bavaria
Geography and Landscape
Bavarian Economy
Culture
Religion
Tradition and Rituals
Food and Drink
Bavarian Costume
• Bavarian Language
• Bavarian Events
•
•
•
•
2
History of Bavaria
(Source: http://lorribrown.suite101.com/a-history-of-bavaria-a11115)
The duchy was divided several
times, only to be reunited in
1506 by Duke Albert IV. Albert
introduced the idea of
primogeniture, or, inheriting the
title and lands by the eldest
male son. This kept lands within
the family, and kept the duchy
from further division. Because of
this strong unification, Bavaria
withstood the Protestant
Reformation that began in
Germany
by Martin Luther and
It became a stronghold of Catholicism during
the CounterhisCatholic
95 Theses
in 1517.
Reformation, serving as headquarters of the
League
during the Thirty Years War. During the war Duke Maximilian
In 1180,
Bavaria of
was
a fief to
the Wittelsbach
became
an elector
thegiven
Holyas
Roman
Empire,
giving Bavaria
family,
who would
rule until the end of WWI in 1918.
greater
political
influence.
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3
History of Bavaria
(Source: http://lorribrown.suite101.com/a-history-of-bavaria-a11115)
Bavaria joined Napoleon's
During theConfederation
second half of
of the Rhine, andthe
in 1806,
Napoleon
19th Century,
Bavaria
dissolved the Holy
Roman
sided
withEmpire.
Austria He
in its
then elevated hiswar
newagainst
ally to Prussia
a kingdom.
(1866)
The Bavarian
took
partwith
in the
By theArmy
end
of WWI,
and
the
defeat of
then
sided
Prussia
invasionGermany,
of Russia,
ending
in defeated
thousands
of
the
Kingdom
of Bavaria
after
being
deaths. Shortly
afterwards
had disappeared.
survived
an
alongsideItKing
Austria.
It as
joined
Maximilian
deserted
Napoleon,
joining
autonomous
stateGerman
during
the
chaos
the new
Empire,
the allies.
the
end,
was
allowed
to of
ofIn
the
1920’s,
but
upon
the rise
alonghe
with
Prussia,
keep hisHitler,
entirebecame
kingdom
intact.
Compared
the
home
to Nazi
following
wars
with
France
to manyheadquarters
governments
of Munich
its
time,this
Bavaria
in
and
in 1870.
During
time,
had modern
constitution
and
liberal
Nuremberg.
of IIBavaria
KingMuch
Ludwig
nearlywas
government.
King
Ludwigduring
I abolished
heavily
bombed
bankrupted
theWWII.
Bavarian
trade guilds in 1848,
allowing building his
Government,
industrialization fairy
to flourish.
Under
tale castles
ofhis
grandson, King Ludwig
II, Munich
Linderhof
and became
a great cultural center
of Europe, among
Neuschwanstein,
attracting artists others.
and musicians, such as
Richard Wagner.
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4
History of Bavaria
(Source: http://lorribrown.suite101.com/a-history-of-bavaria-a11115)
Occupation zones in Germany
After the War, Bavaria fell into the
American occupation zone, and
rapid rebuilding took place. It has
been part of the Federal Republic
of Germany since 1949. In 1972,
Munich hosted the Summer
Olympics. Today Bavaria is one of
the main tourist destinations in
Germany. Its bucolic scenery and
rich history lend itself to visitor’s
imagination of fairy tale castles
and storybook cottages.
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Free State of Bavaria
Free State of Bavaria
•Area: 70.553 km²
•Capital: Munich
•Population: 12.6 mio
•7 administrative districts
(7 Regierungsbezirke)
6
Culture – Coat of Arms
"Bavaria is a Free State. The colours of the state are white and blue. The coat of arms of the state are
determined by law.“ Article 1 of the Constitution of the Free State of Bavaria
The golden lion
Originally the golden lion
served for centuries as
the joint symbol of the
ancient Bavarian and
Palatine Wittelsbach
dynasties. Today the
golden lion rampant of
the Palatinate, edged in
red, is a reminder of the
district of the Oberpfalz
(Upper Palatinate).
The blue panther
The blue panther
represents the ancient
Bavarian districts of Nieder
bayern (Lower Bavaria) and
Oberbayern (Upper
Bavaria).
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The people's crown
It is known as the people's crown to symbolize the sovereignty of
the people following the abolition of the monarchy.
The Franconian rake
The Franconian rake
stands for the districts
of Oberfranken (Upper
Franconia),
Mittelfranken (Middle
Franconia), and
Unterfranken (Lower
Franconia).
The three black lions
In the coat of arms
these three lions
represent the district of
Schwaben (Swabia).
The white and blue central shield
The white and blue rhombuses are the quintessential symbol
of Bavaria. Today the rhomboid shield represents Bavaria as a
whole. Together with the people's crown it is also officially
used as the "Lesser Coat of Arms of the State".
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Culture – Bavarian Flag and Hymn
Bavarian Flag
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Hymn of Bavaria
8
Culture – Lyrics of Hymn of Bavaria
German Lyrics
Gott mit dir, du Land der Bayern,
deutsche Erde, Vaterland! Über
deinen weiten Gauen ruhe seine
Segenshand! |: Er behüte deine
Fluren, schirme deiner Städte
Bau Und erhalte dir die Farben
seines Himmels, weiß und blau!
:| Gott mit dir, dem Bayernvolke,
dass wir, uns'rer Väter wert, fest
in Eintracht und in Frieden
bauen uns'res Glückes Herd! |:
Dass mit Deutschlands
Bruderstämmen einig uns ein
jeder schau und den alten Ruhm
bewähre unser Banner, weiß und
blau! :|
English Translation
God be with you, land of the
Bavarians, German soil,
fatherland! Over your wide area
Rest His merciful hand! He shall
protect your meadows, Shield
the buildings of your towns And
preserve you the colours of His
sky, white and blue! God be with
you, people of Bavaria, that we,
to our fathers' worth, fixed in
harmony and peace build our
own fortunes! That with bonds
of German brotherhood
Everyone may see us united and
the old splendour stands the test
our Banner, white and blue!
9
Major Bavarian Cities and Sights
Capital of Bavaria
Administrative Region: Upper Bavaria
Area: 310.43km²
Population: 1’378’000 (Dec 2012)
Biggest city of Bavaria and third
biggest city in Germany in terms of
population
Its name is derived from “Munichen”
meaning “By the monks’ place” as the
monks of the Benedictine founded the
city (see: monk in the city’s coat of
arms)
Ranked among the world’s most
liveable cities (accord. to “Monocle”)
Financial and publishing hub
München’s coat of arms
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Major Bavarian Cities and Sights - München
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Major Bavarian Cities and Sights - Nürnberg
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Major Bavarian Cities and Sights - Nürnberg
•Administrative Region: Middle Franconia
•Area: 186.38 km²
•Population: 498.000 (Dec 2013)
•Economical and cultural centre of the
European metropolitan area Nuremberg
•Founded: Probably around the 11th century
•Unofficial capital of the Holy Roman
Empire as Reichstage (Imperial Diets) and
courts met at Nuremberg Castle
•Great significance during Nazi Era due to
the city’s relevance to the Holy Roman
Empire and its position in the centre of
Germany e.g. the Nuremberg Rally which
was held annually from 1933 through 1938
13
Major Bavarian Cities and Sights - Nürnberg
Imperial Castle of Nuremberg
Hangman’s Bridge
St. Lorenz Church
14
Major Bavarian Cities and Sights - Regensburg
15
Major Bavarian Cities and Sights - Regensburg
•Administrative Region: Upper Palatine (Capital)
•Area: 80.76km²
•Population: 140’000 (Dec 2013)
•Large medieval city is UNESCO World Heritage
•One of the oldest cities in Germany
•City name derives from the Latin word “Castra Regina”: since 179 existing
camp of the Romans at the River “Regen”
16
Major Bavarian cities and sights - Regensburg
Die Steinerne Brücke (Stone Bridge)
•Built: 1135 -1146
• The knights of the 2nd and 3rd crusade
used it to cross the Danube on their way
to the Holy Land
•Role model for the Carls Bridge in Prague
•The Dom (Cathedral) counts as the main artwork of Gothic architecture in Bavaria. It was
founded in 1278 and completely finished in 1869.
•The official choir of the liturgical music at St. Peter’s Cathedral are the famous Regensburger
Domspatzen (literally “Cathedral Sparrows”). The choir consists of boys and young men only.
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Major Bavarian cities and sights - Regensburg
Walhalla
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Landscape – Bavarian Mountains
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Mountain
Height (m)
Zugspitze
2.962m
Hochfrottspitze
2.649m
Großer Arber
1.455m
Kleiner Arber
1.383m
Schneeberg
1.051m
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Landscape – Bavarian Mountains
Bavarian Alps
Zugspitze (2.962 m):
20
Landscape – Bavarian Mountains
Großer Arber (Great Arber)
21
Landscape – Bavarian Forests
National Parks in Bavaria
1 National Park Altmühltal
2 National Park Augsburg - Westliche Wälder
3 National Park Bayerische Rhön
4 National Park Bayerischer Wald
5 National Park Bergstraße - Odenwald
6 National Park Fichtelgebirge
7 National Park Frankenhöhe
8 National Park Frankenwald
9 National Park Fränkische Schweiz - Veldensteiner Forst
10 National Park Haßberge
11 National Park Nördlicher Oberpfälzer Wald
12 National Park Oberer Bayerischer Wald
13 National Park Oberpfälzer Wald
14 National Park Spessart
15 National Park Steigerwald
16 National Park Steinwald
17 National Park Hirschwald
18 National Park Nagelfluhkette
22
Landscape – Bavarian Forests
Spessart
Bayerische
Bavarian Forest
Rhön
23
Landscape – Bavarian Lakes
Starnberger See (Lake Starnberg)
Chiemsee
Ammersee
(Lake Ammer)
Herrenchiemsee (Gentleman’s island)
Frauenchiemsee (Lady’s island)
Roseninsel (Rose Island)
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King Ludwig II of Bavaria – His Life in Pictures
The Swan King
King Ludwig’s castles
Richard Wagner
•FullLinderhof
Name: Castle
Ludwig
Otto Friedrich
Mysterious
death Wilhelm
•Born: 25 August
1845,
Nymphenburg
•Three
days
after he was Palace
legally
Schloss Neuschwanstein
declared insane, he was found dead
•Died: 13 Junein1886,
Starnberg (aged 40)
Lake Lake
Starnberg.
“I wish to remain
an eternal enigma to
myself and to others.” (King Ludwig II)
•King of Bavaria:
– 1886
•His1864
death
was officially ruled a
suicide by drowning but this has
•Nicknames: Fairy
King (Märchenkönig),
beentale
questioned
as he was a strong
Swan King, theswimmer
Mad Kingand
of Bavaria,
theautopsy
the official
Dream King and Mad Ludwig
Herrenchiemsee Castlereport indicated that no water was
found in his lungs.
Inspiration
Childhood
•King Ludwig
II was
fascinated
by Richard
Wagner’s Lohengrin,
Swan
Knight.
• The King
grew
up in a castle
named Hohenschwangau,
amongthe
swan
images
•His inspirations
and icons.for his castles were drawn from Wagnerian opera.
•The King
Wagner
very close
Wagner
was
the
beneficiary
of
•Heand
turned
out tobecame
be a somewhat
odd and
young
man who
had
problems
in
Ludwig’srelating
patronage
to women
and support.
and people in general.
25
Religion in Bavaria
Catholicism and Protestantism in Bavaria
Religion in Bavaria in %
Roman Catholic
Protestant
27,4
28,3
28,7
26,5
21
71,1
70,5
70
71,9
56,3
1840
1
1900
2
1933
3
1950
4
2007
5
Source: http://www.historisches-lexikon-bayerns.de/artikel/artikel_44533
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Religion in Bavaria
Roman Catholic altar servers
St. Stephan’s Cathedral, Passau
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Catholic service
27
Religion in Bavaria – Die Sternsinger – Star Boy’s Singing Procession
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Religion in Bavaria – Rote Eier gehen – Collecting red eggs
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Religion in Bavaria – Fronleichnam – Corpus Christi
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Religion in Bavaria – Erntedankfest – Thanks giving
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Religion in Bavaria – Rauhnacht – “Rough Night”
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Bavarian costume – Dirndl and Lederhosen
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Bavarian costume – Dirndl and Lederhosen
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Tradition in Bavaria – “Der Stammtisch”
The word Stammtisch is German. It is not easily translated into English but it means something like
"regular's table" or "regular get-together".
Literally speaking, the word Stammtisch is a table in a bar or restaurant which is reserved for the same
guests at the same time every day or every week. There is usually a sign on the table saying
"Stammtisch". If you don't belong to this table, don't attempt to sit there! In the most traditional
German beer halls there is a large brass plaque above the table with the word Stammtisch printed on it
in bold lettering.
(Source: http://www.toytowngermany.com/wiki/Stammtisch)
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Tradition in Bavaria – Schafkopf
•Origin: Germany
•Literally translated: Schaf=sheep,
Kopf=head
•Most popular in Bavaria but also
played in Austria
•Type: Trick-tacking card game
•Playing time: -5 minutes / round
•The rules of Schafkopf were
officially constituted by the 1st
Bavarian Schafkopf Congress on
December 17th 1989 in the
Hofbräuhaus in Munich, Germany
held by the Bavarian Schafkopf
organization Bayerischen SchafkopfVerein e. V.
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Tradition in Bavaria – Almabtrieb
•Literally: Drive from the mountain
pasture
•Annual event in the alpine
regions in Europe (from September
18th on).
•During summer, all over the
alpine regions cow herds feed on
alpine pastures high up in the
mountains. In autumn then, these
herds are led to their stables
down the valley.
•For this event, the cows are
decorated elaborately, and the
cow train is celebrated with music
and dance events in the towns and
villages.
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Tradition in Bavaria – Rauhacht
•Literally: “Rough Night”
•Annual event before January 6th
•Folk belief holds that during the
nights betwixt the years and
demons roam the country.
To ward off evil, people dress as
demons with furs and coats.
•“Bavarian Halloween”
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Tradition in Bavaria – Schuhplattler
•Austro-Bavarian folk
dance
•In the past, young men
performed the
Schuhplattler to
impress marriageable
young ladies with their
dancing prowess.
•Nowadays the dance is
usually performed out
of tradition, maintaining
the older customs.
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Tradition in Bavaria – “Maibaum aufstellen”
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Tradition in Bavaria – Fingerhakeln
•Two folks sit across from one
another at a large wooden table.
Both lock their middle fingers
into a leather ribbon and
essentially try to pull their
opponent across and over the
table.
•“Pulling someone across the
table” = “Taking someone to the
cleaners”.
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Tradition in Bavaria – “Gstanzl singa”
Gstanzln are mocking songs especially known and popular in Bavaria and Austria
A Gstanzl normally consists of four lines and is sung in dialect.
Normally only sung by men and boys.
Topics are taken from everyday life of regular people.
The Gstanzln often have punch lines and are generally humorous.
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Tradition in Bavaria – Freunderlwirtschaft
Franz Josef Strauss – The “Uncle Aloys Affair”
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Bavarian Cuisine– Weißwurst -White Sausage
A traditional “White-Sausage-Breakfast”
Beer
Pretzel
Sweet mustard
White sausages
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Bavarian Cuisine
Schweinebraten
Käsespätzle
Leberkäse
Obatzter
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Bavarian Beer – Unique Worldwide
Source: http://www.bavaria.by/beer-bavaria-special-relationship
•In Bavaria, beer is rather considered as a basic food not just seen as a drink.
•Bavarian beer is guaranteed to contain only four classic ingredients: water, malt, hops
and yeast.
•Thanks to the state’s purity law that was introduced in 1516 Bavarian beer is brewed
without the addition of preserving agents, froth stabilizers, flavor enhancers, colorings
or any other additives
•On average, a Bavarian consumes from birth to grave some 150 litres of beer per
year.
•The beer garden season officially starts in May with traditional May dances and a
barrel of tasty “Maibock”.
•A traditional beer garden still allows its guests to bring their own food.
•An increasing number of scientists have confirmed that moderate consumption of
beer has a positive affect on the whole body and most particularly on the heart and
circulatory system.
•Bavaria’s reputation as the home of beer goes back centuries when brewing first
began in the state’s monasteries and developed into something of a science.
•Today there are some 650 breweries representing more than 50% of the whole of
Germany’s brewery population. Together they produce some 20 million hectoliters of
beer each year.
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Bavarian Beer – Types of Beer
Source: http://www.bavaria.by/types-bavarian-beer
Another type of beer very popular are the yeast wheat beers – both light and dark. Consumers
believe that the presence of the yeast makes the beer
particularly easy to digest. The cloudy look
Bavarian
Bavarian Bockbier
Lager/light beer and export
of the beer is seen as a sign of its purity and its naturalness.
These
range
form
a “bock“
beer brewed
at
Lager and
light
beer
are so-called
"full beers".
Bavarian
Pils
Christmas
through
lent
beers
to
This category
covers
thebrewed
majority
of beers
Some
2/3 of
beer
production
in strong
Bavaria
is Pils.
the
bock
forand
Mayincludes
day.
In the
coolerwith
brewed
the state
all
beers
These
doinbrewed
display
however
strong
regional
seasons
of winter
and
springofbeer
drinkers
like
an
original
gravity
measure
between
11 and
differences.
Bavaria’s
brewers
produce
some
3.5
to
turn
to measure
the stronger
beers
produced
by the
16%.
This
denotes
the
percentage
of
million
hectolitres
of
Pils
each
year.
southern
German
vats.
For
example
a bock beer
ingredients
fromofmalt
which
mainly
comprises
The
production
a Pils
requires
particularly
has
alcohol
of
over
6 Its
% and
a double
maltan
sugar
but content
also
the
malt
related
minerals
soft
water
and
a very
light
malt.
very
bock
over 7%.
Some
of thebefore
particularly
and vitamins,
in
the
beer
the
distinctive
flavour
however
comes
fromstrong
the
bocks
suchworld’s
as process
the ice
bock
canBavarian
even go
as high
fermentation
begins.
light
hops.
The
largest
contiguous
hop
as
over
10
%. In
comparison
a normal
beer has a
lager
is known
"Helles".
growing
area
isasin
the Hallertau
in Bavaria.
strength of around 4.5 to 5.0 %. The name
"Starkbier" or "Bockbier" denotes that it has an
original gravity of at least 16%. A double bock
goes even further as it must have an original
gravity of over 18%.
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Bavarian Language – History and Origin
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavarian_language)
•The Bavarian dialect has its origins in the
Germanic tribe known as the “Bavarii” which
covered much of what is today Bavaria in the early
Middle Ages.
•East Upper German dialects, as Bairisch "Bavarian“:
Oberpfälzisch (Upper Palatinian, i.e. North[ern]
Bavarian), Donaubairisch (Danube or Danubian
Bavarian, i.e. Central Bavarian) and Alpenbairisch
(Alpine Bavarian, i.e. South[ern] Bavarian).
•These areas had been provinces of the Roman
Empire, and the languages of the population were
based on Latin, but this language was replaced by
the Germanic dialects of the immigrants.
•Because of its interaction with the Romance
dialects of pre-Germanic inhabitants, some Latin
language influence may be seen in Bavarian's
morphology and lexicon. Examples of Latinate
vocabulary:"Semmel" or "Semmi" (bread roll) from
the Latin “simila” and toponyms like Bregenz
("Brigantia").
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Bavarian Language – Dialects
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavarian_language)
Prevalence of modern Bavarian dialects
•Northern Bavarian, also spoken in the
Upper Franconian district of Wunsiedel.
•Central Bavarian (along the main rivers
Isar and Danube, spoken in Munich (by
20% of the people), Upper Bavaria,
Lower Bavaria, southern Upper
Palatinate, the Swabian district of
Aichach-Friedberg, the northern parts of
the State of Salzburg, Upper Austria,
Lower Austria, Vienna (see Viennese
German) and the Northern Burgenland).
•Southern Bavarian (in Tyrol, South
Tyrol, Carinthia, Styria, and the southern
parts of Salzburg and Burgenland).
North
Bavarian
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Central or
Danube Bavarian
South Bavarian
49
Bavarian Language – Bavarian Dictionary
Englisch
Bairisch
Standard German
Hi!
Hello!
Goodbye!
Goodbye!
My name is…
I have a hangover.
to jump
to get
servus!/seavas!
griaß di (God)!
pfiaddi (God)!
(af) Widaschaung!
I hoas…
I bi schlecht beinand!
hupfa
griang
Hallo
Grüß dich!
Auf Wiedersehen!
Auf Wiedersehen!
Ich heiße …
Ich habe einen Kater.
hüpfen
bekommen
miffed
ågfressn
beleidigt
as fit as a fiddle
bumbalgsund
kerngesund
shy
gschàmmi(g)
schüchtern
arrogant
großkopfad
arrogant
now
iatz(ad)
jetzt
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Bavarian Language – Bavarian Dictionary
Erdäpfel / Er(dä)pfi
Radi
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Gelbe Rüben / Goiwe Ruam
Kren
Rote Ruam
Kukurruz
51
Bavarian Language – Bavarian Dictionary
Zwetschgen
Ribisl
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Kersch
Apfe & Birn
Blaubeer / Hoawa
Holler
52
Bavarian Language – Bavarian Dictionary
Do dadiadada, do dadiadada a
und do dada da a dadian!
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Bavarian Language – Bavarian Sayings
“Mia san mia!”
“An gschengdn Gaul schaud ma ned ins Maul.”
“I bin doch ned auf der
Brennsuppn daher gschwoma.”
“As Heiradn und s'Schlittnfoan
muas schnäi geh.“
“Je kleana da Schors, desto mehra
stinkt er.”
“A blinde Heena findt ar amoi a Keandl.”
“Wos da Bauer ned kennt, friast a ned.”
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“A Baggl Fotzn is glei aufgrissn.”
“Glei foid da Watschnbam um!“
“Auf an oidn Ross lernt mas reiten.”
“Aus, Epfe, Amen.”
54
Bavarian Economy
(Source: Bavarian State Government)
Unemployment
rate
in 2010in
Purchasing
power
per
resident
inthe
2011
Spending
(in
%)
of
GDP
for
research
field of
Economic Growth in %, 1999-2009
renewable energies
55
Bavarian Economy
(Source: Bavarian State Government)
Unemployment
rate
in 2010in
Purchasing
power
per
resident
inthe
2011
Spending
(in
%)
of
GDP
for
research
field of
Economic Growth in %, 1999-2009
renewable energies
56
Bavarian Based Companies - BMW
Bayerische Motorenwerke AG
•Founded: 1916
•Headquarter: Munich, Germany
•Revenue 2014: €80.40 billion
•Operating Result: € 8.7 billion
•Employees worldwide: 95,450 (Dec 2014)
•Plants in Bavaria: Munich, Dingolfing, Regensburg,
Landshut, Wackersdorf
•Brands: BMW, MINI, Rolls-Royce,
•Sales 2014:
1.812.719 BMW; 302.183 MINI; 4.063 Rolls-Royce
•Biggest corporate employer in Bavaria
57
Bavarian based companies - Siemens
Headquarter in Munich
•Founded: 1847
•Headquarter: Munich
•Revenue: €71.92 billion
•Employees: 343.000 worldwide
(2014)
•Main business sectors:
Industry, Energy and Healthcare
58
Other Bavarian Based Companies
17.05.2015
59
Bavarian Festivals: The Oktoberfest – “Die Wiesn”
(Source: www.oktoberfest-live.de and www.oktoberfest.de)
Facts of the Oktoberfest 2010:
Location,
date and duration
6.4 million
visitors
•Theresienwiese in Munich named
7 million
litre beer consumed
after Princess Therese, King Ludwig’s
530,000
roast chickens
consumed
wife (therefore
the name
“die Wiesn”
117 as
oxen
consumed
synonym
for the Oktoberfest).
12,000
full-time
and flexible
• Area:
42 hectare
employees
•Date and duration: Despite its
name, the
in September
95 caterers
of Wiesn
whichstarts
35 caterers
benefit
from the seats
Indian summer. It
offer atototal
of 105,000
lasts
16 days andisends
the first
“Hofbräuzelt”
the on
biggest
Facts about beer, Oktoberfest landlords and breweries andThe
other
curiosities
weekend in October.
tent with
10,000
seats
• Anyone who applies for a job as a landlord or brewery lands onbeer
the waiting
list for
20 years
- until another
passed. The job, however,
is quite expensive: the assembly and dismantling of a marquee cost around two
•Origin:
million
€. of the Oktoberfest
200 years ago
Crownand
Prince
Ludwig I. invited not only the
•Entry
landlords
breweries
•Random
by private
by the
city
of
make
sure
is a minimum of 0.9
nobility
but Oktoberfest
also thehired
ordinary
people
toMunich
aprelude
great banquet
in that there Festively
Sincechecks
1879 the
entry
ofinvestigators
the
landlords
is the
to the
Oktoberfest.
liter beer
in the horse
stein,order
which
thethe
official
celebrate
hislicensed
marriage
with Princess
decorated
teamstois
pull
barrels
of the sub-tolerance.
breweries.
The Therese.
train endsThe
traditionally at the
•Tradition
and law determine
allowed
towhich
pour
the Oktoberfest.
Munich From
breweries
receive
highlight
was is
a horse
race
on
theisbeer
Theresienwiese
(named
Schottenhamel
tent,
the who
oldest
brewery,
still at
represented
at the Only
Oktoberfest.
there,
the license
to pour
and
brew
beer
strict
guidelines
the Bavarian
after
the
bride).
This
was
the birth
of theofOktoberfest
. Purity Law of 1516. There, the
the acting
mayor
taps
the
firstunder
keg
ofthe
beer.
permitted ingredients, the brewing time and storage are recorded.
60
Bavarian Festivals: Gäubodenvolksfest and Ostbayernschau
Gäubodenvolksfest
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61
Bavarian Festivals - Nockherberg
17.05.2015
62
Bavarian Festivals- Christkindlesmarkt
17.05.2015
63
Famous Bavarians
Albrecht Dürer
Dirk Nowitzki
Pope Benedict
XVI (The Emperor)
Franz
Beckenbauer“Der Kaiser”
Wilhelm Röntgen
64
Famous Bavarians
Gerhard Polt
17.05.2015
65