GeoSAR Radar Mapping

GeoSAR Radar Mapping
Turning Geospatial Data Into Knowledge
An Introduction to GeoSAR
Fugro is the exclusive provider of GeoSAR, the only commercial dual-sided,
dual-frequency, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR) mapping system.
• GeoSAR is integrated onto a
Gulfstream-II jet
• The IFSAR operates at 2
frequencies simultaneously
– X-Band, producing first
surface elevation models
– P-Band, used for foliage
penetration and contour
generation
• The system produces accurate
DEMs and SAR orthophoto
mosaics
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Benefits of IFSAR Technology
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Active system and the angle of
illumination can be controlled.
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Microwave energy penetrates clouds and
rain and work at night.
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Sensing outside the visible and infrared
spectrum provides different information
on surface. Some surface features can be
seen better in radar images.
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Radar may penetrate vegetation, sand,
and surface layers of snow, sea ice, and
glacial ice.
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Benefits of the GeoSAR System
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GeoSAR platform
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Simultaneous X and P radar band acquisition
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temporal decorrelation (wind movement of vegetation, different moisture, between passes)
atmospheric distortion introducing height errors (wavelength independent)
extremely difficult motion compensation and calibration issues
Collects at 12,000 m
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Additional independent ground control
Strengthens vertical solution
Single-pass IFSAR avoids problems of repeat pass IFSAR
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All points on ground imaged multiple times (viewed between 4 to 8 times)
Images are more complete viewed from both sides (better radiometrics)
Integrated LiDAR profiler
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More data for solution (better geometric solutions)
Less voids (data gaps due to difficult terrain)
Reduced acquisition risk (no missing data)
More thematic information, hence broader range of applications
Multiple look data
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Only radar platform collecting 2 radar frequencies and LiDAR
Eight radars (4 x-band, 4 p-band, acquiring simultaneously)
Collection on both sides of aircraft (more data acquired)
Therefore there are no issues in hostile areas
Other commercial systems fly within 5000-9,000 m
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The GeoSAR System
X-band antennas
Antenna positioning
measurement unit
P-band antennas
GeoSAR is an Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar System (IFSAR) that operates in
two frequency bands. Employed from Fugro’s Gulfstream G-II aircraft, it is a one-of-a-kind
system, operational since 2003.
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GeoSAR’s collection profile
Collection Height:
10 to 12.5 km MSL
X-Band (3 cm wavelength)
P-Band (85 cm wavelength)
LIDAR
13k
m
12.5km
13
km
GeoSAR operates day or night through most weather conditions looking through cloud cover
and dense vegetation. The system simultaneously collects high accuracy elevation and
image data at more than 288 km2/minute.
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GeoSAR Data Products
Orthorectified Radar Imagery (ORI)
• Radar surface reflectance
• Visualization, mapping,
Digital Surface Model (DSM) X-band
• Orthorectified intensity model
• Surface reflectance elevation
• Detailed visualization and analysis
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Digital Elevation Model (DEM) P-band
• Represents near bare-earth
• Derived layers (e.g., slope,
contours)
Digital Terrain Model (DTM) X/P Hybrid
• Represents bare-earth
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GeoSAR Product Accuracy
GeoSAR is a guaranteed
mapping solution for:
1:25,000 - 50,000 scales
and lower.
The following tables
illustrate the horizontal
and vertical accuracies
of GeoSAR products.
GeoSAR Vertical Accuracy
Terrain slope
1‐sigma (LE69)
LE90
0°‐ 10°
1.8 m
3 m
10°‐ 20°
3.6 m
6 m
20°‐ 30°
5.5 m
9 m
30°‐ 40°
7.3 m
12 m
GeoSAR Horizontal Accuracy
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Pixel spacing
RMSEx, RMSEy
RMSEr
CE90
X‐band
1‐5 m
5.682 m
8.035 m
12.2 m
P‐band
1‐5 m
5.682 m
8.035 m
12.2 m
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Profiling Lidar
GeoSAR utilizes an additional method of ground control with our profiling
lidar system. Emiting three ground distance and intensity measurements
per pulse eliminates the necessity for additional control in remote areas,
increasing the precision of DEM’s and mosaic products. Our Leica ALS
system emits an ~3 m diameter point every 36cm on the ground for
control purposes.
x, y, z
GCP
x, y, z
GCP
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GeoSAR Foliage Penetration
Gardens
Huts
Subsistence
farming village
P-Band
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X-Band
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Power of P-band - Drainage Networks Revealed
DSM
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Power of P-band - Drainage Networks Covered By Canopy
DTM
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GeoSAR Thematic Information
Extraction of Hydrographic Network
Existing hydrographic network
(from 1982)
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New hydrographic network
established using GeoSAR data
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Topographic Line Maps
GeoSAR data is also used to create NSDI-standard TLM products from 1;50,000 to
1;10,000. Fugro manages all phases of TLM development – including fieldwork,
cartography and post-production management.
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Geologic and Hydrologic Applications
GeoSAR supports geologic applications with features from crisp shaded relief models.
This is the Los Coconucos Volcano and uses only GeoSAR X- and P-band data for the
all fine elevation and surface details.
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GeoSAR Geological Applications
GeoSAR facilitates the mapping of geologic structure in areas where forest canopy
obscures the terrain.
• P-Band data has the utility in defining geologic structure in forested regions
1m X-band Image
1m P-band Image
Geologic Structures
Geologic Structures
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Land Management Applications
GeoSAR products can be excellent tools for land management, forestry and agricultural
applications. Tree height and crop volumes can be estimated and individual tree stems
are visible in the 1m P-band image.
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Land-Use Classification
GeoSAR data can also be used to derive reliable land-use and land-cover
classification products. These can be integrated with in a geodatabase framework as
raster layers for 3D display and analysis.
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Land Cover Classification
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Biomass Applications
0
500 ton/ha
This GeoSAR image shows a quantitative biomass estimate at high
resolution for carbon accounting or forestry applications. The RGB image on
the right shows an X- and P-band multichannel image (R:X, G:hint, B:P).
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Defense and Intelligence Applications
GeoSAR is an excellent platform for the collection, interpretation and display natural
environments and infrastructure such as the airfields, buildings and lines of
communication visible in this in P-band image.
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X-band minus P-band Petermann Glacier
Height Differences in Meters
Initial X-P Subtraction Map
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Elevation Profile from X/P DEMS Petermann Glacier
Elevation Profile Location.
Profile View of XBand and PBand Heights.
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Sea Ice Classification Using X-band and P-band Mag Imagery
X-Band
P-Band
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Past and Present Projects
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National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (2003 – 2010)
– Colombia, South America
– 650,000km²
Australian Defense Intelligence Agency (2005 – 2007)
– Papua New Guinea
– 330,000km²
United States Geological Society (2010 – Present)
– Alaska
– 450,000km²
Oil and Gas Commercial Partnerships (2012 – Present)
– Multiple sea ice acquisitions in the Arctic
Other government and private entities throughout the world
– Peru, Papua New Guinea, Colombia, Canada
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Thank You
Joe Jones
GeoSAR Program Manager
[email protected]
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