docAlsace Wines - Vins d`Alsace, CIVA, grands crus, crémant
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Alsace Wines - Vins d`Alsace, CIVA, grands crus, crémant
Alsace Wines History Production Commercialisation History HISTORY OF ALSACE WINES Roman and Frankish Ages (2nd century-925) Holy Roman Empire (925–Thirty Years’ War 16181648) : the golden age Calamities : wars and phylloxera (1618 - 1925) Revival after the First World War (1925–today) ALSACE WINE REGION ALSACE WINES : GREAT WHITE WINES Northernmost wine region of France A complete range of grape varietals Varietal wines, all with full AOC status Fresh, fruit-driven, aromatic and non-oaked wines 3 AOC (Appellations d’Origine Contrôlées) plus 2 prestigious late-harvest categories Wines for all seasons and for every gastronomic occasion. Production 16 000 ha of vineyards with appellation 15 570 ha of AOC vineyards in production 4803 winegrowers 100 km long and 2 to 15 km wide Altitude between 200 and 400 metres 1.15 million hectolitres annual production 90% white wines 75 % sales on French domestic market 25 % sales exported (especially Europe) 500 million Euros annual turnover PRODUCTION 4803 winegrowers 1827 holdings of 2 ha or more (90% production) 1000 firms selling in bottle 220 large firms market almost 90% of volume 17 cooperative wine cellars (38%) 50 producer-merchants (42%) 900 individual winegrowers (20%) Influence of each segment in 2009 20% 42% Wine Merchant and Owner Wine Coop Wine Grower 38% EVOLUTION OF PRODUCTION OF ALL AOC ALSACE WINES BY PRODUCER SEGMENT between 1969 and 2009 in % of surface area 40.0 % 35.4 35.0 % 31.5 1969 en % 27.1 30.0 % 26.1 2009 en % 25.0 % 20.0 % 15.0 % 15.4 12.9 13.5 11.8 10.0 % 5.0 % 0.0 % 15.9 4.3 0.7 3.6 EVOLUTION OF SURFACE AREA IN PRODUCTION BY GRAPE VARIETY ALL AOC ALSACE (Alsace, Alsace Grand-Cru, Crémant d'Alsace) between 1969 and 2009 (in hectares) 4 000 3 500 1969 3 382 3 331 2 500 2 577 2 356 1 500 1 039 1 001 1 521 1 199 1 335 1 000 78 97 Mél. CH PG MU 198 141 340 358 387 500 1 945 2 000 755 HEC T A R ES 2009 2 928 3 000 43 0 SY PB CHD RI GW KL.H PN 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979 1978 1977 1976 1975 1974 1973 1972 1971 1970 1969 H E C T O LI T R E S EVOLUTION OF PRODUCTION, ALL AOC ALSACE (Alsace, Alsace Grand-Cru, Crémant d'Alsace) since 1969 (in hectolitres) 1 600 000 1 400 000 1 200 000 1 000 000 800 000 600 000 400 000 200 000 0 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979 1978 1977 1976 1975 1974 1973 1972 1971 1970 1969 HEC T A R ES EVOLUTION OF PRODUCTION AREA all AOC combined since 1969 (in hectares) 16 000 15 500 15 000 14 500 14 000 13 500 13 000 12 500 12 000 11 500 11 000 10 500 10 000 9 500 9 000 EVOLUTION OF AOC ALSACE WINE PRODUCTION BY APPELLATION since 1980 (in hectolitres) 1 400 000 1 300 000 1 200 000 1 100 000 900 000 800 000 700 000 AOC ALSACE 600 000 500 000 AOC CREMANT D'ALSACE 400 000 AOC GRAND CRU 300 000 200 000 100 000 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979 1978 1977 1976 1975 1974 1973 1972 1971 1970 0 1969 HECTOLITRES 1 000 000 Commercialisation EVOLUTION OF SALES ALL AOC ALSACE IN BOTTLES in 20 years 1 200 000 1 000 000 METROPOLE 600 000 EXPORT TOTAL 400 000 200 000 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 0 1988 HECTOLITRES 800 000 SALES IN FRANCE 80 % via the food chain (hypermarkets and supermarkets, traditional shops, specialist wine merchants and direct sales) 20% in restaurants Important Alsace wine purchases in the East and North of France 50-64 year age-group are major consumers of Alsace wines 17 % 15 % 15 % 23 % 11 % Alsacewines Household consumption (except catering) VQPRD WHITE WINE (still wines) FRENCH HOUSEHOLD PURCHASE PDM Volume (%) – IN 2009 A U T R ES 13 ,6 % A LSA C E 2 5,4 % SU D - O U EST 5,2 % B ER G ER A C O IS 7,0 % LOIR E 3 1,9 % B OU R G OGN E 7,2 % B OR D EA U X 9 ,7 % Alsace Wines exported : to more than 100 countries market share volume (2009) Canada 5% Europe 78% USA 8% Asie 2% Other countries 7% EXPORTS OF ALSACE AOC WINES (excluding Crémant d'Alsace) FIRST 10 COUNTRIES BY VOLUME 65 000 60 000 2008 55 000 50 000 2009 HECTOLITRES 45 000 40 000 35 000 30 000 25 000 20 000 15 000 10 000 5 000 0 B NL D DK SUE USA CND GB CH FINL 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979 1978 1977 1976 1975 1974 1973 1972 1971 1970 1969 HECTOLITRES EVOLUTION OF EXPORTS OF ALSACE AOC (excluding Crémant) since 1969 IN VOLUME 350 000 300 000 250 000 200 000 150 000 100 000 50 000 0 Grapes … .. . Natural conditions An extraordinarily complex range Grapes Sylvaner Pinot Gris Pinot Blanc Pinot Noir Muscat d’Alsace Gewurztraminer Riesling SYLVANER Origin: Austria Grapes: medium-sized, green colour Best soil: light, sandy, stony Ripens early Regular yield Sensitive to oïdium, mildew, grey rot SYLVANER Early-ripening / regular yield Pale yellow-green & green hints Fresh, light, discreetly grapey (green grass, apple, citrus, white blossom) Good acidity – low in alcohol – light – dry – short finish Easy to drink, to enjoy – refreshing Goes well with fish & shellfish, fresh goat cheese, charcuterie 8,6 % of plantings PINOT BLANC (skillful blend of both...) PINOT BLANC ET AUXERROIS PINOT BLANC Origin: - Burgundy = white form of Pinot Noir Grapes: small Best soil: deep & quite warm Ripens early Good & regular yield Low alcohol, mild acidity AUXERROIS (de Laquenexy) Origin: Lorraine Grapes: greenish white Best soil: chalky Ripens early Good & regular yield Good structure - low acidity PINOT BLANC PINOT BLANC ET AUXERROIS Early-ripening / good & regular yield Pale yellow Delicate, floral, fruity Soft, fresh and supple, low alcohol, mild acidity Well-balanced – short finish – easy to enjoy Ideal all-purpose Alsace wine (all food low in sugar) fish, white meat, roasted poultry, mild cheese Great alternative to Chardonnay Good value for money 21,4% of plantings MUSCAT (skillful blend of both...) MUSCAT D’ALSACE & MUSCAT OTTONEL MUSCAT D’ALSACE or Petits Grains Origin: planted in Als. in XVIth c. Grape: green Best soil: limestone Ripens early Good acidity, aromatic, bitterness Sensitive to spring frost = uneven production MUSCAT OTTONEL Origin: South France planted in Als. in the mid-XIXth c. Grape: green Best soil: clay-limestone Ripens early Low acidity, delicate aromas Sensitive to coulure at flowering time = uneven production MUSCAT MUSCAT D’ALSACE & MUSCAT OTTONEL Ripens early / sensitive to coulure Pale yellow – to colourless / vintage Heavily grapey & aromatic – fresh MU grape – fresh grass, apple, grapefruit, orange zest… Grapey & absolutely dry – elegant acidity – short finish – easy to enjoy Perfect as an aperitif or reception wine 2,3% of plantings RIESLING Origin: Rhine valley Grapes: yellow-green, thick skin Best soils: granite, sandstone, marl, limestone, clay, schist, volcanic Late-ripening: needs blue sky & cold nights in sept. to fully ripen – resistant to winter frost Even, average yield High acidity – good structure RIESLING Late-ripening Pale yellow & green hints Dense, tight, elegant bouquet, floral notes with sometimes mineral hints citrus, grapefruit, peach, pear, apricot, liquorice, acacia flower, petrolly, flinty… Dry, backbone acidity, good structure, racy, tight, lean, pure A gastronomic wine for fish, shellfish, white meat, poultry, goat cheese 21,7% of plantings Als. produces 10% of RI in the world Evolution of the Riesling maturity Maturity Su Su Ri Ac Ri Ac mid August Riesling maturity / average grapes Sept. / Oct. Time PINOT GRIS Origin: Burgundy, Pinot Beurot Grapes: purple-brown with grey nuances Best soil: marl, limestone & clay Ripens late Yield: good Thin skin, sensitive to grey rot High in alcohol, good acidity PINOT GRIS Ripens late – sensitive to grey rot Yellow gold, amber-yellow Deep, dense, discreet, complex, fruity & often slightly smoky – honey, peach, apricot, hazelnut, gingerbread, moss, woodland... Opulent flavour, round, rich, full-bodied, creamy texture with a long finish, the fat & the acidity Excellent wine for foie gras, game, white meat, hard cheese... 15,1 % of plantings GEWURZTRAMINER Origin: spicy, aromatic selection of Traminer Rose – mid XIXth c. Grapes: small, round & pink Best soil: marl-limestone, granite & clay-sand Average yield High in alcohol, low acidity GEWURZTRAMINER Yellow gold Rich aromas of flowers, spices and exotic fruits - rose, acacia - peppermint, clove, cinnamon, ginger – grapefruit, litchi, mango, pineapple, pear, quince - honey Full-bodied, well-structured and powerful High alcohol, low acidity - sometimes slightly sweet Perfect as an aperitif, with ethnic cuisine (Chinese, Thaï, India, Mexico, Morocco), strong cheeses and desserts 18,8% of plantings Evolution of the GW maturity Su GW Maturity Su Ac Ac GW mid August GW maturity / average grapes Sept. / Oct. Time PINOT NOIR Origin: Burgundy Grapes: small, dark blue to black Best soils: marl, limestone & clay Ripens early Thin skin, sensitive to grey rot, needs low yields Uneven yield No malo T° serving : 12°C PINOT NOIR The only Alsace variety to produce - classic red, red aged in oak cask - or rosé wine Typically cherry-like, grapey taste Particularly suited to red meats, game, charcuterie. 9,8 % of plantings Concentration of the Pinot Noir Concentration 55-60 hl/ha Pinot Noir / average red wines HL/HA A wine of Fragrances & Aromas Fresh Fruity Aromatic Pure Unoaked Freshness Riesling Sylvaner Muscat d’Alsace Pinot Blanc Pinot Gris Structure Gewurztraminer KLEVENER DE HEILIGENSTEIN • Grape : Savagnin rose Heiligenstein produced within the defined area of : Heiligenstein, Bourgheim, Gertwiller, Goxwiller & Obernai. Vol. of production : 3 115 hl / 0,3 % EVOLUTION OF SURFACE AREA IN PRODUCTION BY GRAPE VARIETY - ALL AOC ALSACE (Alsace, Alsace Grand-Cru, Crémant d'Alsace) 2009 (by hectares) Mél. KL.H 0.3% CH SY PB CHD RI Mél. 0.5% PN 9.8% CH 0,6% SY 8.6% GW 18.8% PB 21.4% PG MU GW KL.H PN MU 2.3% PG 15.1% RI 21.7% CHD 0.9% Ideal natural conditions : An exceptional mosaïc of soils An ideal climate THE ALSACE VINEYARD A MOSAIC OF 13 TERROIRS Loess & loam Valley-floor alluvial Lowland, talus slope & scree Clayey-marly Marly-sandstone Calcareous-sandstone Sandy-marly-limy Marly-limy Limestone Sandstone Volcano-sedimentary Schist Granite gneiss LA FORMATION DU SOL ET SOUS-SOL D’ALSACE ERE PRIMAIRE environ 300 millions d’années ERE SECONDAIRE (environ 150 millions d’années) A Roches du 1 grès socle primitif 2 calcaire B Roches 3 Marnes (craie + argile) sédimentaires 4 calcaire VOSGES D ERE TERTIAIRE environ 50 millions d’années (1ère phase) ERE TERTIAIRE environ 50 millions d’années (2ème phase) Le fossé est envahi par la mer qui laisse des dépôts D, pétrolifères au Nord et potassiques au Sud The Rhine rift valley today Source : Claude SITTLER AN EXCEPTIONAL CLIMATE Culture of the Vine AOC wines Appellations d’Origine Contrôlées 3 AOC A.O.C. ALSACE or VIN d’ALSACE 1962, 75 % of production A.O.C. ALSACE GRAND CRU 1975, 51 classified areas, 4 % of production AOC CREMANT d’ALSACE 1976, 21 % of production AOC ALSACE AOC ALSACE OR VIN D’ALSACE Created in 1962 75 % of production In general the wine is named after the grape Primary fruit aromas GRAPES USED IN EACH AOC AOC ALSACE AOC ALSACE GRAND CRU Sylvaner X x Pinot Blanc X Riesling X X X X Muscat X X X X Pinot Gris X X X X Gewurztraminer X X X X Pinot Noir X Chardonnay VENDANGES TARDIVES SELECTIONS DE GRAINS NOBLES AOC CREMANT D'ALSACE X X X X X MINIMUM POTENTIAL ALCOHOL BY GRAPE AND AOC AOC Alsace PN CH SY PB RI MU GW KL 10 9,5* 9,5 10 10 9,5 11,5 11,5 11 11 11 AOC Alsace Grand Cru AOC Crémant d'Alsace * Chasselas ** Chardonnay 9 9** 9 9 PG 12,5 12,5 9 BLENDED WINES : GENTIL AND EDELZWICKER • Gentil : a superior quality blend of grapes : – Minimum 50% Riesling, Muscat, Pinot Gris and/or Gewurztraminer, – + Sylvaner, Chasselas and/or Pinot Blanc – Each component wine must have its AOC agreement before blending + compulsory blind tasting after bottling and before sale Vintage is compulsory • Edelzwicker : a blend of white grapes of AOC Alsace without any indication of percentage. AOC Alsace Grand Cru AOC ALSACE GRAND CRU Created in 1975 51 classified areas 8% of total surface area Only the 4 noble grape varieties : RI, MU, PG, GW 4% of total production TERROIR: « TASTE » of the minerality of the soil GRAPES USED IN EACH AOC AOC ALSACE AOC ALSACE GRAND CRU * VENDANGE S TARDIVES SELECTIONS DE GRAINS NOBLES AOC CREMANT D'ALSACE Sylvaner X - Pinot Blanc X X Riesling X X X X X Muscat X X X X - Pinot Gris X X X X X Gewurztraminer X X X X - Pinot Noir X Chardonnay *Particular case : Altenberg de Bergheim, Zotzenberg, Kaefferkopf X X MINIMUM OF POTENTIAL ALCOHOL BY GRAPE AND AOC PN CH SY PB RI MU GW KL 10 9,5* 9,5 10 10 9,5 11.5 11.5 11 AOC Alsace Grand Cru - - - - 11 11 AOC Crémant d'Alsace 9 9** - 9 9 - AOC Alsace * Chasselas ** Chardonnay PG 12,5 12,5 9 - - EVOLUTION OF PRODUCTION ALSACE GRAND-CRU since 1982 (Hectolitres) 50 000 45 000 40 000 30 000 25 000 20 000 15 000 10 000 5 000 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 0 1982 HECTOLITRES 35 000 SOME EXAMPLES OF GRANDS CRUS Grand Cru Schlossberg (80,28 ha) Brand Rangen Kirchberg de Barr Kanzlerberg (3,23 ha) Steinert ... Village Kienztheim Turckheim Thann Barr Bergheim Pfaffenheim ... Alsace Grands Crus Wines The Terroir TERROIR A «popular» notion A natural definition A global notion DIFFERENT SOILS AND THEIR EFFECTS «Stony» wines «Fruity» wines aromatic, good acidity full-bodied, smoked, mineral nervy lemon flavoured, long acidity rangy, austere powerful, peppery harsh, almost tannic Volcanic Schist Clayey Marl (clay) Calcareous Sandstone Granite A NEW APPELLATION WHICH IS EVOLVING Increased minimum degree of potential alcohol Local management for each individual GC Harvest starting date Modification of maximum yield to 55 hl/ha + PLC (0 to 20% max.) Local management of the grapes AOC ALSACE GRAND CRU : 3 exceptions Decree of 21 March 2005 Altenberg de Bergheim (GW, PG, RI or blend RI 50 to 70%, PG, GW, PB, PN, MU, CH) Zotzenberg (Mittelbergheim) (RI, GW, PG, SY) Decree of 12 January 2007 Kaefferkopf (Ammerschwihr) (GW, PG, RI or blend GW 60 to 80 %, RI, PG, MU) Crémant d’Alsace AOC CREMANT D’ALSACE Created in 1976 The sparkling wine of Alsace 21% of total production Made by the traditional method (as in Champagne) Made from Pinot Blanc, Pinot Auxerrois, Riesling, Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Pinot Gris GRAPES USED IN EACH AOC AOC ALSACE AOC ALSACE GRAND CRU VENDANGE S TARDIVES SELECTIONS DE GRAINS NOBLES AOC CREMANT D'ALSACE Sylvaner X - Pinot Blanc X X Riesling X X X X X Muscat X X X X - Pinot Gris X X X X X Gewurztraminer X X X X - Pinot Noir X Chardonnay X X MINIMUM OF POTENTIAL ALCOHOL BY GRAPE AND AOC PN CH SY PB RI MU GW KL 10 9,5* 9,5 10 10 9,5 11.5 11.5 11 AOC Alsace Grand Cru - - - - 11 11 AOC Crémant d'Alsace 9 9** - 9 9 - AOC Alsace * Chasselas ** Chardonnay PG 12,5 12,5 9 - - Crémant d’Alsace EVOLUTION OF PRODUCTION OF CREMANT D'ALSACE since 1977 (in Hectolitres) 280 000 260 000 240 000 220 000 180 000 160 000 140 000 120 000 100 000 80 000 60 000 40 000 20 000 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979 1978 0 1977 HECTOLITRES 200 000 EVOLUTION OF COMMERCIALISATION OF AOC CREMANT D’ALSACE since 1982 200 000 METROPOLE 180 000 EXPORT 160 000 TOTAL 120 000 100 000 80 000 60 000 40 000 20 000 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 0 1982 HECTOLITRES 140 000 EVOLUTION OF THE SHARE OF CREMANT D’ALSACE IN THE COMMERCIALISATION OF ALL AOC ALSACE during 20 years 1 300 000 TOUTES AOC dont Crémant 1 200 000 1 100 000 1 000 000 800 000 700 000 600 000 500 000 400 000 300 000 200 000 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 0 1990 100 000 1989 HECTOLITRES 900 000 AOC SPARKLING WINES (except Champagne) MARKET SHARE PDM Volume (%) IN 2007 Autres AOC CREMANT effervescentes D'ALSACE 15.5 % 39.4 % Autres Crémants 27.8 % BLANQUETTE DE LIMOUX 8.5 % CLAIRETTE DE DIE SAUMUR 15.3 % 21.7 % CREMANT D’ALSACE DIFFERENT QUALITIES Extra brut 0 to 6 g/l Brut < 15 g/l ----------------------------------Extra dry 12 to 20 g/l Sec 17 to 35 g/l Demi-sec 33 to 50 g/l Late harvest Selection of Noble rote Two special, rare classifications Late Harvest (VT) & Selection of Noble rot (SGN) Decree dated 1 March 1984 modified in December 2002 Concerns AOC Alsace & Alsace Grand Cru 4 grapes varieties : RI, MU, PG, GW Grapes picked by hand Very high levels of natural sugar required Chaptalization forbidden Grape variety & vintage year compulsory Analytical & blind tasting examinations of the wine in bottle, minimum 18 months after the harvest Photo J. Hugel Late Harvest & Selection of Noble rot LATE HARVEST SELECTION OF NOBLE ROT sucre g/l d° alcool en puissance sucre g/l d° alcool en puissance Gewurztraminer 257 15°3 306 18°2 Pinot Gris 257 15°3 306 18°2 Riesling 235 14°0 276 16°4 Muscat d'Alsace 235 14°0 276 16°4 Selon accord professionnel de 2001 Late Harvest & Selection of Noble rot From 1992 to 2006 = approuved volume From 2007 to 2009 : potential recorded volumes at the harvest VT SGN 35 000 30 000 20 000 15 000 10 000 5 000 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 0 1992 HECTOLITRES 25 000 Gastronomy When to drink Alsace wines Gastronomy Alsace Wines for… …international gastronomy …and a festive atmosphere partners fusion wedding contrast When to drink Alsace wines WHEN TO DRINK THE DIFFERENT ALSACE WINES ? Note that storage conditions play an important role ! Young : 2 to 3 years Sylvaner, Pinot Blanc, Muscat, Gewurztraminer, Pinot Noir (Rosé) Mature : 3 to 7 years Riesling, Pinot Gris, Pinot Noir (Rouge), Grands Crus, Gewurztraminer late harvest Patience ! : over 7 years Late harvest (VT): Riesling, Pinot Gris, and Selection of Noble rot (SGN) ALSACE WINES : LIGHT AND/OR FULL BODIED ? Light : Sylvaner, Pinot Blanc, Muscat Medium-bodied : Riesling, Pinot Noir (red) Full-bodied : Pinot Gris, Gewurztraminer, Pinot Noir (red) WEBSITE : www.AlsaceWine.com Alsace Wines
