LP 13 FST 5 2001 Abstract

•
-
•
·-LP
•
13
FST
5
2001
PU
SA
N
RA
JA
LA
BE
EM
TP
H
NA
TA
UL
LS
TA
GI
DI
R
NU
AH
HI
R
ZA
tI$rpusto\(oon
-,
.
rslfl Salns Dan
Teknoloql Mol
r
00024738
r:
i:
•
LP 13 FS1- 52001
*
.
1100024738
.'
.
Laboratory preparation and analysis of a phosphatic fertilizers
S. Prabhakaran all Shanmugan,
-
-
PERPUST
KOLEJ UNIVERSITI SAINS & TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
21030 KUALA TERENGGANU
8
HI
R
AH
·000247
H
NU
R
ZA
�
UL
PERPUSTAKAAN
TA
NA
4738
I
LS
KOLEJ UNIVERSITI SAINS & TEKNO
PU
SA
TP
EM
BE
LA
JA
RA
N
DI
GI
TA
(KUSTEM)
•
,
•
•
•
•
•
•
P
I
I
-t
I
•
,
(
•
,
'
J
•
•
•
HAK MILIK
�M'USTAKAAN
KusrEM
/
•
-
,-
_
�
..
_
..
ZA
HI
R
AH
LABORATORY PREPARATION AND ANALYSIS OF A PHOSPHATIC
FERTILIZERS
PU
SA
TP
EM
BE
LA
JA
RA
N
DI
GI
TA
LS
UL
TA
NA
H
NU
R
S.PRABHAKARAN AIL SHANMUGAM
FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
KOLEJ UNIVERSITI TERENGGANU
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA
2001
024738
LABORATORY PREPARATION AND ANALYSIS OF A PHOSPHATIC
FERTILIZERS
BY
BE
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree
of Science (Hons)
PU
SA
TP
EM
Thesis is submitted in
LA
JA
RA
N
DI
GI
TA
LS
UL
TA
NA
H
NU
R
ZA
HI
R
AH
S.PRABHAKARAN AIL SHANMUGAM
FACULTY OF SCIENCE A
KOLE]
TECHNOLOGY
IVERSITI TERENGGANU
VERSITY PUTRA MALAYSIA
2001
•
I
ANALYSIS OF A PHOSPHATIC
LABORATORY PREPARATION A
FERTILIZERS
BY
Approved By:
NU
R
ZA
HI
R
AH
Supervisor
UL
TA
NA
H
•
JA
RA
N
DI
GI
TA
LS
(Dr. Mohd Misbahul Amin)
PU
SA
TP
EM
BE
LA
Coordinator
Date:
(Puan Marinah Mohd Ariffin)
Head of Chemistry
,
,
I
,
(Assoc.
of. Dr. Ku Halim Ku
Bulat)
•
•
11
og
-
0
I would like to thank my
with the final year
project
and for his
I would also like to
in
patience
allowing
me to
carry out the
assistances
throughout
the
me
project.
Kak
Mizi,
,
for his
course
of the
invaluable advise,
help,
at UPMT.
study
My sincere appreciation is extended
lab
me
Bulat, for his guidance and help during the
thanks to Professor Dr. Hamdan Suhaimi
consideration and
especially
guiding
Amin, in assisting
thank, head of chemistry and also my academic advisor,
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ku Halim Ku
project. My
Dr. Mohd Misbahul
supervisor,
all the lecturers and staffs of FST
to
Habsah
and
Man,
for
their
support
encouragement during my Degree studies here in UPMT. Not forgetting my
and
ZA
HI
R
AH
course
R
mates, lab mates and housemates, Ah Teck, Ah
Soo
Hang
and
Ang, for
their
care
who makes these years of study
UL
helpfulness
a
most memorable one.
seniors, who helped
DI
to my
me
to
adapt myself here
in UPMT,
Cikgu
LA
wife, Anthony, Segar, and Rajeni
for
respecting
and
taking
care
of
me.
My
TP
EM
BE
Thamo and
JA
RA
N
My thanks
GI
TA
LS
and
TA
NA
H
NU
Siang,
PU
SA
thanks also goes out to all my friends for the advice and fun
My heartiest thanks
Santhi
,
and
and
appreciation
to my 3
least,
I also feel indebted to my parents
brothers, Narendran and Sarkuna, for their guidance,
during
times
the
we
course
went
of my studies in UPM
had.
wonderful close friends; Devan,
Viola, for the extraordinary and exciting time
Last but not
we
we
had
together.
,Mr and Mrs Shanmugam, my
constant
support and encouragement
Terengganu (UPMT), during
through together.
•
•
•
III
the
good
and bad
ABSTRAK
Monokalsium fosfat, trikalsium fosfat, nitric fosfat dan diammonium fosfat
yang biasa
berbeza dari
baja-baja
digunakan
segi kimia,
dalam
pertanian sebagai baja
maka adalah
membekalkan
tersebut
penting
fosfat dalam makmal
monokalsium fosfat
dengan
adalah
fosfat. Oleh kerana,
perbandingan
kandungan fosforus,
ini
pentaoksida (P205). Jadi, tujuan kajian
baja
dibuat
dari
dalam
P
adalah untuk
dijalankan
pula,
proses adalah
fosfat batu
yang dihasilkan
bentuk
fosforus
menghasilkan baja
dengan
dengan mancampurkan
asid
serbuk
Baja
H
asid fosforik.
dengan
cara
ini adalah murah dari
Diammonium
fosfat boleh dihasilkan
dengan mencampurkan
N
DI
fosfat nitrik, ia boleh dihasilkan
RA
Bagi
dengan mencampurkan
asid nitrik.
BE
dengan
Keputusan
dianalisa
dengan menggunakan
biasan
dalam
setiap
baja
Ia untuk
mengesahkan
bahawa
PU
SA
X-ray.
TP
EM
serbuk fosfat batu
LA
JA
ammonia asid fosforik.
GI
TA
pertanian.
LS
nilai
segi
UL
TA
NA
dengan
NU
R
ZA
HI
R
sulfurik dan untuk trikalsium fosfat
ini
segi keupayaan
serbuk fosfat batu
dengan mencampurkan
baja-baja
menghasilkan baja-
kaedah yang mudah. Proses untuk
AH
baja
merupakan
yang dihasilkan. Monokalsium
sampel-sampel mengandungi P::,05
fosfat, trikalsium fosfat dan diammonium fosfat
boleh dihasilkan dalam makmal kecuali fosfat nitrik. Nilai kualiti
fosfat
banyak bergantung kepada kuantiti, P,
dalam bentuk P205
•
tV
.
pertanian bagi baja-baja
ABSTRACT
nitric
(TSP),
(SSP),
triple
superphosphate
phosphate
Single superphosphate
diammonium
they
differ in
phosphate (DAP)
some
phosphorus, P,
research
was
the most
are
chemical aspects it is
used
commonly
important
phosphate
to compare their
in the form of
phosphorous pentaoxide (P20S).
manufacture
fertilizer in
to
phosphate
The
fertilizers. Since
ability
scale. The process to manufacture SSP consist of
rock with
sulphuric
rock with
phosphoric
to
objective
simple laboratory
laboratory
and
supply
of this
method
or
at
mixing powdered phosphate
mixing powered phosphate
HI
R
AH
acid and for TSP, the process consist of
value. Diammonium
is manufactured
TA
NA
phosphate
using
ammonia
acid. As for nitric acid,
powdered phosphate
TA
phosphoric
rock is reacted with nitric
analyzed using X-ray
diffraction
RA
was
analysis.
This is
to
confirmed that
and DAP
can
phosphate.
The
EM
governs the available P20S content in each
TP
samples
be manufactured
agronomic
PU
SA
the
BE
LA
JA
acid. The result
N
DI
GI
and
LS
UL
improving the agronomic
H
NU
R
ZA
acid. This form of low cost fertilizer manufactured is suitable for
phosphatic
using simple laboratory
value of
phosphate
ofP in P20S available in the fertilizer.
v
fertilizer
fertilizer. SSP, TSP
method except for nitric
highly depends
upon the amount