Paul of Tarsus

PaulofTarsus
StudiesofReligionFocusDay
2016
DesiredOutcomesforour/metogether:
•  Arecapofwhatwearebeingaskedtolookat
withregardtoPaulofTarsus.
•  AnoverviewofPaulofTarsus-toillustrate
someofhiscontribuEonstothedevelopment
andexpressionofChrisEanityandanalysehis
impactonChrisEanity
•  Languagechoice
•  BuildingSORHSCresponses
Arecapofwhatweare
beingaskedtolookatwith
regardtoPaulofTarsus.
Christianity 22 indicative hours Paul of Tarsus
The focus of this study is the contribution of
significant people, ideas, practices and ethical
teachings to an understanding of Christianity as a
living religious tradition. The study of
Christianity is to be of the WHOLE tradition where
applicable.
SyllabusSupportdocument:
“Thesyllabusrequiresstudentstoexplainthe
contribuEonthatasignificantpersonorschoolof
thoughthasmadetothereligioustradiEonsothat
abeOerunderstandingofthetradiEonbeing
studiedmaybegained.WhetherthatcontribuEon
istothewholeofthetradiEonoronlyapart
needstobeclearlystatedasstudentsareexpected
tohaveanunderstandingofthewhole
tradiEon…”
2013
HSC
In your study of religious traditions you have focused on three
different, interrelated aspects, as shown in the diagram.
Question 2 — Christianity (20 marks)
Discuss the relationship between at least TWO of the aspects
shown in the diagram and the way they contribute to
Christianity as a living religious tradition.
Possible links across the Tradition
Ethical response
For the entire law is fulfilled in keeping this one
command: “Love your neighbor as yourself.” Gal 5:14
The importance of love (often used at weddings)
If I speak in the tongues of men and of angels, but have
not love, I am only a resounding gong or a clanging
cymbal……. Love does not delight in evil but rejoices
with the truth. It always protects, always trusts, always
hopes, always perseveres. Love never fails…
(1 Corinthians 13:1-13)
Practice
•  Baptism
• 
-
And now what are you waiting for? Get up, be baptized
and wash your sins away, calling on his name.’
Acts22:16
•  “Or don’t you know that all of us who were bapEzed into
Christ Jesus were bapEzed into his death? 4 We were
therefore buried with him through bapEsm into death in
order that, just as Christ was raised from the dead through
the glory of the Father, we too may live a new life”.
Romans6:3-4
Practice of faith con’t
Eucharist-
23ForIreceivedfromtheLordwhatIalsopassedon
toyou:TheLordJesus,onthenighthewasbetrayed,
took bread, 24 and when he had given thanks, he
brokeitandsaid,“Thisismybody,whichisforyou;
dothisinremembranceofme.”25Inthesameway,
a`ersupperhetookthecup,saying,“Thiscupisthe
new covenant in my blood; do this, whenever you
drink it, in remembrance of me.” 26 For whenever
you eat this bread and drink this cup, you proclaim
the Lord’s death unEl he comes. 1
Corinthians11:23-26
Asindicatedinthe‘Learnto’
statementsinthesyllabus,students
mustnotonlylearnaboutthe
contribuEonofthatpersonor
schoolofthoughttothereligious
tradiEon,theyalsoneedtobeable
toanalysetheirimpactonthe
religioustradiEon.
Outcomes
H1 explains aspects of religion and belief systems
H2 describes and analyses the influence of religion and belief systems
on individuals and society
H4 describes and analyses how aspects of religious traditions are
expressed by their adherents
H5 evaluates the influence of religious traditions in the life of
adherents
H6 organises, analyses and synthesises relevant information about
religion from a variety of sources, considering usefulness, validity and
bias
H7 conducts effective research about religion and evaluates the
findings from the research
H8 applies appropriate terminology and concepts related to religion
and belief systems
H9 coherently and effectively communicates complex information,
ideas and issues using appropriate written, oral and graphic forms.
Content
Students learn about:
Students learn to:
Significant People and Ideas
•  explain the contribution to the
•  the contribution to Christianity
development and expression of
of ONE significant person OR
Christianity of ONE significant
school of thought, other than
person OR school of thought, other
Jesus, drawn from:
than Jesus, drawn from:
–  Paul of Tarsus
–  Paul of Tarsus
•  the effect of that person OR
school of thought on
Christianity
•  analyse the impact of this person
OR school of thought on
Christianity
Whatareyoubeingaskedtodo?
Content:
explain the contribution to the development and
expression of Christianity…
analyse the impact of this person OR school of
thought on Christianity…
Outcomes
explains
evaluates
applies
describes
organises
analyses
synthesises
AnoverviewofPaulofTarsus-to
illustratesomeofhiscontribuEons
tothedevelopmentandexpression
ofChrisEanityandanalysehisimpact
onChrisEanity.
WhowasPaulofTarsus?
We need to understand a bit of the
Biography of Paul of Tarsus and the context
of his time so that we are more able to
examine how he contributed to the
development and expression of the early
church and the impact he had on Christianity
during his time and throughout history.
Note - Application of information - not
biographical recall.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HNyNYYZuGzY
Main Points
•  Paul of Tarsus was born in Tarsus, Cilicia in Asia Minor
(modern-day Turkey) around 3CE-10CE
•  Apostle to the Gentiles - Inclusivity - challenged the
concept that the followers of ‘the way’ were a small sect
of Judaism.
•  Roman Citizen
•  Pharisee
•  Educated under Gamaliel
"I am a Jew, born in Tarsus of Cilicia, but brought up in this
city. I studied under Gamaliel and was thoroughly trained in
the law of our ancestors. I was just as zealous for God as
any of you are today.
Acts 22:3
•  Saul/Paul
• Martyrdom of St Stephen Acts 7:54-60
“When the members of the Sanhedrin heard this, they were
furious and gnashed their teeth at him. But Stephen, full of the
Holy Spirit, looked up to heaven and saw the glory of God,
and Jesus standing at the right hand of God. “Look,” he said,
“I see heaven open and the Son of Man standing at the right
hand of God.”
At this they covered their ears and, yelling at the top of their
voices, they all rushed at him, dragged him out of the city and
began to stone him. Meanwhile, the witnesses laid their coats
at the feet of a young man named Saul.
While they were stoning him, Stephen prayed, “Lord Jesus,
receive my spirit.” Then he fell on his knees and cried out,
“Lord, do not hold this sin against them.” When he had said
this, he fell asleep.
•  Conversion on the road to Damascus -
approximately year 36.
Acts 9
The
Conversion of
Saint Paul on
the Road to
Damascus, an
oil on canvas
executed circa
1570-77 by the
Flemish painter
Hans
Speckaert (c.
1540-1577).
Now in the
collection of the
Musèe du
Louvre in Paris.
Went to Jerusalem and met Peter.
Missionary journeys - established Christian churches
Martyred around 67CE – Paul's martyrdom is
commemorated by Roman Catholics, Anglicans,
Lutherans and Eastern Orthodoxy on the 29th
June each year. It is celebrated alongside the
martyrdom of St Peter and is one of the oldest
saints days in the Christian calendar.
•  Wrote 14 (13) letters (Epistles). Many written by a
scribe.
•  Acts of the Apostles - 16/28 chapters focus on Paul’s
Missionary Activities.
• 
• 
• 
Contribution to the development and
Expression of Christianity
•  Missionary expansion
•  Theology of Salvation
•  Justification
•  Ecclesiology/Christology
Missionary expansion
•  Goal – to establish the community of believers in Christ.
•  Paul wanted people to understand the significance of the life,
death and Resurrection of Christ
•  Missionary expansion - achieved through Missionary
journeys where he established communities, instituted
governance and offered continued supported through letters.
Questions
•  What was Christianity like prior to the Missionary expansion?
•  What action/role did Paul have in the letter writing and
Missionary journeys?
•  How have the letters and Missionary Journeys contributed to
the development and expression of Christianity?
•  What was/is the impact of the letter writing and Missionary
Journeys?
Salvation
•  Jesus:
“I am the way, the truth, and the life. No one can
come to the Father except through me." (John 14: 6)
•  “For
it is by grace you have been saved, through faith—
and this is not from yourselves, it is the gift of God— not
by works, so that no one can boast”. (Ephesians 2:8-9)
•  For
God made Christ, who never sinned, to be the
offering for our sin, so that we could be made right with
God through Christ. (2 Cor. 5:21)
Justification and adherence to the Mosaic law
• 
One of the main themes that emerges from Paul’s writings is
justification by faith alone– the concept that humans are saved
from sin by believing in Jesus: referred to sola fides
• 
Rom 3:27-28: "So what becomes of our boasts?... What sort of
law excludes them? The sort of law that tells us what to do? On
the contrary, it is the law of faith, since, as we see it, a man is
justified by faith and not by doing something the law tells him to
do.”
• 
Gal 2:16 "We had to become believers in Christ Jesus no less
than you had, and now we hold that faith in Christ rather than
fidelity to the Law is what justifies us, and that no one can be
justified by keeping the Law.”
• 
Gal 3:11: "The law will not justify anyone in the sight of God,
because we are told: "the righteous man finds life through
faith.."
Ecclesiology/Christology
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
‘ekklesia’ – (Greek) Hebrew Scriptures – ‘Assembly of the
people of Israel, convoked by God’
In Paul’s first letters to the Thessalonians he addresses ‘the
church of the Thessalonians’ (Corrinth etc) on other occasions
the ‘Church of God’. “Church” has a multidimensional
meaning. A collection of local churches make up the one
church of God.
After his encounter with the risen Christ he saw that all people
were called, to belong to the one people of God in the ‘Church
of God’
Believers are called by God, who gathers them in a community
‘Church’
Paul concept of the Church as the ‘Body of Christ’
Body of Christ
• "ForinoneSpiritwewereallbapEzedintoonebody…"(1
Corinthians12:13).ThroughbapEsmwearesounitedwith
Christsoastobecomehisverybody.TheFatherandthe
SonsendtheSpiritinbapEsmtomakeusoneinChrist.St.
AugusEne would one day say, "What the soul is to the
humanbody,theHolySpiritistotheBodyofChrist,which
istheChurch"(CatechismoftheCatholicChurch797).
• "Forasinonebodywehavemanyparts,andalltheparts
do not have the same funcEon, so we, though many, are
onebodyinChrist…"(Romans12:4).
Ecclesiology/Christology (continued)
•  The characteristic of Pauline Christology, which develops
the depth of the mystery with a constant and precise
concern: to proclaim the living Jesus, of course, but above
all to proclaim the central reality of His death and
Resurrection as the culmination of his earthly existence and
the root of the successive development of the whole
Christian faith, the whole reality of the Church”
Pope Benedict XVI “Paul of Tarsus” 2009
•  The power of the cross (important symbol) – The crucified
one reveals on one hand man’s frailty and on the other, the
true power of God, that is the free gift of love.
Pope Benedict XVI “Paul of Tarsus” 2009
Ecclesiology/Christology (continued)
1 Corinthians 15:3-5
“For I handed on to you as of first importance what I in turn
had received: that Christ died for our sins in accordance
with the scriptures, and that he was buried, and that he
was raised on the third day in accordance with the
scriptures, and that he appeared to Cephas, then to the
twelve.
New Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition (NRSVCE)
Emphasises Paul’s understanding of the centrality of the death
and resurrection of Christ as being paramount for membership
in the emerging church.
Languagechoice
Thelanguageyouuseisthebridge
toyouracademicsuccess.
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Paul of Tarsus – Possible language
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Saturday/Sunday worship
Greco-Roman world
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Adherents
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Participation
Ethical response
Practice of Faith
Salvation
Jesus
Revelation
Last supper
Resurrection
Divinity/ Divine
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Forgiveness
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Hellenistic Jew /Jews /Gentiles
Pharisee
Justification
Body of Christ
Charitable works
Societal critique
Guidance
Renewal / Reform / Reinterpretation /
Expansion
Celebrate
Letters
Epistles
Missionary Journey/Activity
Theology
One True God
Roman citizenship
Conversion
Justification
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undeniably...
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provides clear evidence of...
was a crucial step towards...
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Variations for group names
●  Early church
●  Christianity/ Catholic/ Variant
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profound…
long lasting..
enduring
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resulting in…
conveys…
influences…
as a consequence
was designed to
was shaped by
stems from
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Language of comparison - similarities
is an outcome of
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BuildingResponsesin
StudiesofReligion
Identify the contribution…
Recognise and name
essentially what is it?
- missionary expansion
- theology of salvation
- ecclesiology/Christology
Question 2 ̶ Christianity (15 marks)
(a)
Identify the contribution of one significant person, other than
Jesus, to the development and expression of Christianity.
3
© Michael Reid
Outline the contribution…
sketch in general terms
essentially what is it?
- missionary expansion – Through missionary journey’s,
letter writing
- theology of salvation – A universal message open to
Jews and gentiles
- ecclesiology/Christology - ‘Body of Christ’ ‘living
Jesus’, Resurrection
2011 HSC Section II Short Response
(a) Outline the contribution of ONE significant person
or school of thought other than Jesus to the
development and expression of Christianity. 3
© Michael Reid
Describe the contribution…
characteristics & features
what does it look like?
what does it do?
- missionary expansion How? where to? quantify it!
- theology of salvation
what did he teach?
- ecclesiology/Christology what image did he use?
Question 2 ̶ Christianity (15 marks)
(b)
Summarise the contribution of the significant person or school
of thought chosen in part (a).
3
© Michael Reid
Explain
Relate cause and effect; make the relationships
between things evident; provide why and/or how
Explain
The
Contribution
of Paul
Explain
To the
development
and
expression of
Christianity
Explain the contribution…
make relationships evident
explicitly link actions
to outcomes
- missionary expansion - preaching at the crossroads led to rapid
growth throughout the empire
- letters and disciples sustained growing communities (delve
into this deeper)
- theology of salvation - emphasis on justification by faith and the
ethic of love over the mosaic law attracts Gentile
converts
- ecclesiology/Christology - teaching on the mystical body of Christ
established a Christian Church identity
© Michael Reid
Analyse
IdenEfycomponentsandtherela/onship
betweenthem;drawoutandrelateimplica/ons
Look at what
Paul of Tarsus
did, said,
claimed/taught
etc
•  analyse the
impact of this
person OR
school of
thought on
Christianity
How did this
change/challenge/
grow/develop
Christianity?
Analyse/Evaluate the impact…
implications / value
how was the tradition changed?
quantify the change
- missionary expansion - without Paul’s contribution
Christianity is likely to have remained a small sect of
Judaism
- theology of salvation - Paul’s persuasive arguments at the
Council of Jerusalem led directly to the welcoming of
Gentile converts
- his emphasis on justification by faith helped
to inform Martin Luther’s theses and, in part, fuelled the
reformation
© Michael Reid
HSCExaminaEon2014
HSCExaminaEon2012
2011 HSC
Christianity (15 marks)
(a) Outline the contribution of ONE significant person or school
of thought other than Jesus to the development and
expression of Christianity.
3
(b) Summarise the impact of the significant person or school of
thought chosen in part (a).
4
(c) Christianity has always sought to reconnect the faith to its
founding roots.
To what extent does the statement apply to the impact of the
significant person or school of thought chosen in part (a)? 8
2014 HSC
Question 2 — Christianity (15 marks)
(a) (i) Outline the contribution to Christianity of ONE
significant person or
school of thought other than Jesus.
3
(ii) What impact has the significant person or school of
thought chosen in part (a) (i) had on Christianity?
4
DesiredOutcomesforour/metogether:
•  Arecapofwhatwearebeingaskedtolookat
withregardtoPaulofTarsus.
•  AnoverviewofPaulofTarsus-toillustrate
someofhiscontribuEonstothedevelopment
andexpressionofChrisEanityandanalysehis
impactonChrisEanity
•  Languagechoice
•  BuildingSORHSCresponses