3. tudor england 4.​5.​2010.​pdf

Die Geschichte der britischen Inseln in
der Frühen Neuzeit
(16.-18. Jahrhundert)
3. Vorlesung, 4.5.2010
Charakteristika und Probleme des
Tudor-Zeitalters (ca. 1485-1603)
PD Dr. Stephan Laux
England zur Zeit der
„Rosenkriege“
Die Tudor-Dynastie
1606 [1603] - 1649/1660-1801
Der „Union Jack“
englisch: Georgskreuz schottisch:
weißes Andreaskreuz
1707-1800
Kingdom of Great Britain
vorher: „Kingdom of
England“ (bis 1707)
seit 1801
neuer „Union Jack“
irisch: rotes Andreaskreuz
1801-1927
United Kingdom of Britain
and Ireland
seit 1927
United Kingdom of Britain
and Northern Ireland
König Heinrich VIII.
(1491-1547, Reg. 1509-1547)
Arthur Tudor (1486-1502)
Die sechs Ehen Heinrichs VIII.
1. Katharina von
Aragon (14851536); Ehe 15091533
2. Anne Boleyn
(?-1536;
hingerichtet);
Ehe ab 1533
3. Jane Seymor
(um 1509-1537,
nat. Tod); Ehe
1536-1537
Mutter Kg.in
Maria I.(Reg.
1553-1558)
Mutter Kg.in
Elisabeths (Reg.
1558-1603
Mutter Kg.
Eduard VI. (Reg.
1547-1553)
4. Anna von
Kleve (15151557); Ehe 1540
5. Catherine
Howard (15251542); Ehe ab
1540;
hingerichtet
1543)
6. Catherine
Parr (15121548); Ehe ab
1543
Die Reformation in England
Lordkanzler Thomas Wolsey (um 1475-28.11.1530)
u.a. Ebf. v. York 15141530, 1515 Kardinal
Lordkanzler 1515-1529
Wolsey überlässt seinen Gegnern, den Herzögen von
Norfolk and Sufolk, das Große Siegel (Okt. 1529)
Thomas Cromwell (um 1485-1540), 1. Minister Heinrichs VIII.
William Tyndale († 1536 bei Brüssel)
Der erste Act of Supremacy (1534)
148. Act of Supremacy of Henry VIII
(1534. 26 Henry VIII. c. 1. 3 S. R. 492. G. and H. 243-244.)
Albeit the king's Majesty justly and rightfully is and ought to be the supreme
head of the Church of England, and so is recognized by the clergy of this
realm in their convocations, yet nevertheless, for corroboration and
confirmation thereof, and for increase of virtue in Christ's religion within this
realm of England, and to repress and extirpate all errors, heresies, and other
enormities and abuses heretofore used in the same, be it enacted, by
authority of this present Parliament, that the king, our sovereign lord,
his heirs and successors, kings of this realm, shall be taken, accepted,
and reputed the only supreme head in earth of the Church of England,
called Anglicans Ecclesia [...].
Thomas More / Morus (um 1477/1478-1535), Kanzler Heinrichs VIII.
Libellus vere aureus,
nec minus salutaris
quam festivus, de
optimo rei publicae
statu deque nova
insula Utopia (1516)
John Fisher, Bf. v.
Rochester (1469-1535)
Die Aufhebung der Klöster (1536)
150. Act for the Dissolution of the Lesser Monasteries
(1536. 27 Henry VIII. c. 28. 3 S. R. 575. The whole act reprinted in G. and H. 257268.)
FORASMUCH as manifest sin, vicious, carnal and abominable 1iving is daily used
and committed among the little and small abbeys, priories, and other religious
houses of monks, canons, and nuns, where the congregation of such religious
persons is under the number of twelve persons, whereby the governors of such
religious houses, and their convent, spoil, destroy, consume, and utterly waste, as
well their churches, monasteries, priories, principal houses, farms, granges, lands,
tenements, and hereditaments, as the ornaments of their churches, and their goods
and chattels, to the high displeasure of Almighty God, slander of good religion, and
to the great infamy of the king's highness and the realm, if redress should not be
had thereof. And albeit that many continual visitations hath been heretofore,
... their vicious living shamelessly increases and augments ...; so that without such
small houses be utterly suppressed, and the religious persons therein committed to
great and honourable monasteries of religion in this realm, where they may be
compelled to live religiously, for reformation of their lives, there can else be no
redress nor reformation in that behalf..
Karl Marx, Das Kapital
(1. Aufl., London 1883):
„Expropriation des Landvolks
von Grund und Boden“
„Plan of a Mediaeval
Manor“: Mittelalterliche
Grundherrschaft in
England vor den
„Enclosures“
(Symboldarstellung)
glebe = Pfarrland
Demesne = Domäne (Herrenland)
Enclosure = Einhegung (Umzäunung)
Common pasture = Allemende
(Gemeindeland)
aus. William R. Shepherd, Historical Atlas, New
York 1923
Richard Tawney und „The Rise of the Gentry“
„A leading economic historian of his
era, Tawney was also a comitted
Christian and socialist whose beliefs
informed his approach to the subject.
He was also a major influence on the
Labour Party and supporter of the
Workers' Educational Association.“
Religion and the Rise of Capitalism,
London 1926
The rise of the gentry, 1558-1640, in:
Economic History Review 11 (1941),
S. 1-38
Richard H. Tawney (1880-1962)
Max Weber (1864-1920)
„Der Wegfall der Überbietung der
innerweltlichen durch asketische
Pflichten, verbunden aber mit der
Predigt des Gehorsams gegen die
Obrigkeit und der Schickung in die
gegebene Lebenslage, war hier
zunächst der einzige ethische Ertrag.“
(Bd. 1, S. 72)
Die protestantische Ethik und der
Geist des Kapitalismus (1904/1905)
Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft (1922
[posthum])
Thomas Aske (1500 – 12.7.1537)
und die „Pilgrimage of Grace“ (1536)
König Eduard VI. - König 1547-1553
* 1537 = 3. Kind Heinrichs mit 3. Frau Jane Seymour
† 6.7.1553 in Greenwich (wohl Tuberkulose)
Jane Grey (* 1537, Königin Juli 1553)
Schwiegervater:
John Dudley, 1st
Duke of
Northumberland
(hinger. 22.8.1553)
Die Hinrichtung von Lady Jane Grey.
Gemälde von Paul Delaroche, 1833,
National Gallery, London
Gegenreformatorisches Intermezzo
Maria I. Tudor (* 1516, Königin 1553-1558)
„Bloody Mary“
Thomas Wyatt (* 1521, 11.4.1554 hingerichtet)
Kardinal Reginald Pole (1500-1558)
Margareta Pole (1473-1541)
ab 1521
Studium in Padua
1526
Rückkehr nach England und
Bruch mit H. VIII. in der
Ehefrage
1530
Exil in Frankreich und Italien
1535/36
Schrift „Pro ecclesiasticae
unitatis defensione“ an H.
VIII.
?
Kopfgeld auf P. durch H. VIII.
1536
Kardinal durch Paul III.
1541
Hinrichtung von Poles Mutter
Margaret
1554
Rückkehr nach England
1556
Ebf. v. Canterbury in
Nachfolge Cranmers
Gegenreformation und
Verfolgungen
Thomas Cranmer (1489-1556), Ebf. von Canterbury (1533-1556)
Der „First Act of Appeals“ (1553)
163. First Act of Repeal of Mary
(1553. 1 Mary, sess.2, c. 2. 4 S R. 202. G. and H. 377-379.)
FORASMUCH as by divers and several Acts hereafter mentioned, as well the
divine service and good administration of the sacraments, as divers other matters
of religion, which we and our forefathers found in this Church of England, to us left
by the authority of the Catholic Church, be partly altered and in some part taken
from us, and in place thereof new things imagined and set forth by the said
Acts, such as a few of singularity have of themselves devised, whereof has ensued
amongst us, in very short time, numbers of diverse and strange opinions and
diversities of sects, and thereby grown great unquietness and much discord,
to the great disturbance of the commonwealth of this realm, and in very short
time like to grow to extreme peril and utter confusion of the same, unless some
remedy be in that behalf provided, which thing all true, loving, and obedient
subjects ought and are bound to foresee and provide, to the uttermost of their
power. In consideration whereof be it enacted and established by the queen's
highness, the Lords spiritual and temporal, and the Commons in this same present
Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, that an Act made in the
Parliament begun at Westminster the fourth day of November in the first year of the
reign of the late King Edward VI, and from thence continued to the twenty-fourth
day of December then next ensuing, that is to say, in the first session of the same
Parliament, entitled, An Act against such Persons as should irreverently speak
against the Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ, commonly called the
Sacrament of the Altar, and for the receiving thereof in both kinds;
Königin Elisabeth I. Tudor (* 1533, Königin 1558-1603)
Der zweite Act of Supremacy (1559)
167. The Act of Supremacy
(1559. 1 Elizabeth, c. 1. 4 S. R. 350. The whole act reprinted in G. and H. 442458.)
II. May it therefore please your highness, for the repressing of the said usurped
foreign power and the restoring of the rights, jurisdictions, and pre-eminences
appertaining to the imperial crown of this your realm, that it may be enacted by the
authority of this present Parliament, that the said Act made in the said first and
second years of the reigns of the said late King Philip and Queen Mary, and
all and every branches, clauses, and articles therein contained (other than such
branches, clauses, and sentences as hereafter shall be excepted) may, from the
last day of this session of Parliament, by authority of this present Parliament, be
repealed, and shall from thenceforth be utterly void and of none effect.
Maria Stuart (1542-1587)
1542-1567 Königin von Schottland
1559-1560 Königin von Frankreich
24.4.1558 ∞ Franz II.
1567
Exil in England
18.2.1587
Hinrichtung auf Fotheringhay Castle
(Northamptonshire)
Die „Northern Rebellion“ (1569)
Thomas Percy Earl of Northumberland
(1528 -hinger. 22.8.1572)
„Revolt gegen die Katholische Kirche“
Der Untergang der
spanischen
Armada (1588)
Thomas Smith (1513-1577)
„The Prince whom I now call (as I have often
before) the Monarch of England, King or Queen,
hath absolutely in his power the authority of war
and peace, to defy what Prince it shall please
him, and to bid him war, and again to reconcile
himself and enter into league or truce with him
at his pleasure or the advice only of his privy
council. [...]
De Republica
Anglorum: The
Manner of
Government or
Policy of the
Realm of
England, 1583
To be short the Prince is the life, the head,
and the authority of all things that be done in
the realm of England. And to no Prince is done
more honor and reverence than to the King and
Queen of England, no man speaketh to the
Prince nor serveth at the table but in adoration
and kneeling; all persons of the realm be
bareheaded before him: insomuch that in the
chamber of presence where the cloth of estate
is set, no man dare walk, yea though the Prince
be not there, no man dare tarry there but
bareheaded. This is understood of the subjects
of the realm.“
Königin Elisabeth als „Astrae“
D. Frances Yates
(1899-1981)
Francis Yates, Astraea:
The Imperial Theme in the
Sixteenth Century, London
1975
The „Ditchley Portrait“, 1592
Konfessionen in Europa um 1570
Die Geschichte der britischen Inseln in
der Frühen Neuzeit
(16.-18. Jahrhundert)
4. Vorlesung, 11.5.2010
Stuart-Zeit und Puritanische
Revolution (1603-1649/1660)
PD Dr. Stephan Laux
Die traditionellen englischen Grafschaften (seit 1096)