Fredericksburg 150 Event Guide

Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania
National Military Park
National Park Service
U.S. Department of the Interior
A Nation Remembers
The Battle of
December 7-15, 2012
Fredericksburg
Visitor Guide to Fredericksburg’s 2012 Sesquicentennial Commemoration
The sacrifice of soldiers...
The ordeal of a town...
The grief of a nation...
On the eve of emancipation.
Painting by Mark Churms
www.VirginiaCivilWar.org
For information about the re-enactment and other non NPS Events, go to pages 10-12
Page 2
Of all the Southern towns made
famous by war, none would be more
famous than Fredericksburg.
The power of place,
War in all its fury–-and in ways never
before seen in America—came to Fredericksburg in December 1862. Residents fled approaching armies. Union
troops bombarded then looted the
town. The fields west and south of
Fredericksburg became killing fields. The
Union disaster—a human tragedy—
reverberated across the American
landscape just two weeks before Lincoln
issued the Emancipation Proclamation.
Lee attained legendary status in the
South, while Lincoln lamented, “If there
is a worse place than hell, I am in it.”
Frederic
the proximity of time,
ksburg
the words of those who were there.
150th
Photo Courtesy Buddy Secor
The National Park Service joins the Fredericksburg community and the nation in commemorating the 150th anniversary of the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 7-15,
2012. The weekend of December 7-9 features major commemorative events within the
community, including the culminating event, The Nation Remembers: Fredericksburg, on
Sunday afternoon, December 9 (see page 4 for details). The days following will feature
special tours and programs by National Park Service staff, often coinciding with the precise times of events 150 years ago. From the riverfront to the city’s streets to the heights
and fields beyond, the week will capture and commemorate the December days of
struggle that helped define a nation’s course through war.
For more information visit www.nps.gov/frsp or www.facebook.com/FredericksburgSpotsylvaniaNMP
Page 3
The Virginia Sesquicentennial
Commission’s HistoryMobile will be
at Fredericksburg Visitor Center on
Friday December 7 and at Chatham
on December 8 and 9. This immersive experience is great for kids!
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Schedule of Events
A Quick Look
Friday December 7 ~ Details page 5
Tuesday December 11 ~ Details page 6
10-2 p.m. “Fields of Fredericksburg: A Bus
Tour.” NPS historians. Fee required.
3-5 p.m. “In the Vortex: A Walk on the Slaughter Pen Farm.”
7 p.m. “Eve of Battle.” With NPS historian
Frank O’Reilly, in the sanctuary of the historic
Presbyterian Church of Fredericksburg.
Real-time tours:
Noon: “Smoke on the Water.” From Chatham
to the upper pontoon crossing.
2 p.m. “Deadly Crossing.” Middle pontoon
crossing, Sophia Street.
3:30 p.m. “Fire in the Streets.” Caroline Street.
Saturday December 8 ~ Details page 5
Real-time tours:
10 a.m.: “Looting the Town.” Upper town.
Market Square.
1 p.m.: “Driven from Our Homes.” Lower town.
Departs from City Dock, Sophia Street.
All day: Special NPS tours.
All day: Living History at Chatham.
All day: Pontoon demonstration, living history
(non-NPS), Ferry Farm & City Dock.
10 a.m. & 2 p.m. Re-enactment scenarios (nonNPS), City Dock and Trench Hill.
7 p.m. “Ordeal of the Town.” With NPS historian John Hennessy, in the sanctuary of
historic St. George’s Episcopal Church.
Sunday December 9 ~ Details pages 4 & 6
10 a..m. “Prospect Hill.” A walking tour.
1 p.m. “A Nation Remembers
Fredericksburg—The Procession.” Riverfront
Park, Sophia Street.
3 p.m. “A Nation Remembers
Fredericksburg—The Culmination.” The
Sunken Road.
Wednesday December 12 ~ Details page 6
Thursday December 13 ~ Details page 7
Real-time tours:
10 a..m. “Attacking Marye’s Heights.”
Noon: “Breakthrough at Prospect Hill.”
3:30 p.m. “The Hopeless Charge: Last Attacks
Against Marye’s Heights.”
Saturday December 15 ~ Details page 7
10 a.m. “Lee and Jackson at Belvoir.”
1 p.m. “Yankees Coming and Going: Franklin’s
Crossing.”
3:30 p.m. “City of Hospitals.”
Check out details on partner events—including the re-enactment—beginning on page 9
For more information visit www.nps.gov/frsp or www.facebook.com/FredericksburgSpotsylvaniaNMP
Page 4
Page 3
Years of Anguish: Struggle at Fredericksburg
November 17
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ule historians George Rable, Susannah Ural,
A speakers’ forum. November 17, 2012, 1-5 p.m. , with
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afa Fredericksburg Baptist Church, 1019 Princess
and Frank O’Reilly. In the historic sanctuary of Lthe
Anne Street, Fredericksburg, 22401.
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Location: From Riverfront Park, Sophia Street,
to the Sunken Road.
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Each participant may carry a flower to the
Sunken Road.
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Rap
The simulated explosion of 100 shells per
minute will symbolize the ordeal of the town.
Tolling bells will reflect the grief of a nation.
Drums will speak to the sacrifice of soldiers.
(approx. 1 mile)
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1 p.m. Crossing Hallowed Ground—A Procession. Gather at Riverfront Park to walk the
footsteps of soldiers through town--enveloped
by sound, accompanied by the words of those
who were there, and witness to the names of
those who fell.
Hurkamp St Riverfront
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Park (start 1 pm)
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Culminating Event
December 9
The Procession
December 9
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A Nation Remembers:
Fredericksburg
3 p.m. The Culmination: Sunken Road.
A program of music, words, reflection, and
salutes, including descendant units of both
Virginia’s Stonewall Brigade and the Union’s
Irish Brigade.
Participants will lay flowers upon the stone
wall in remembrance of the fallen.
Location: the Sunken Road, behind the Fredericksburg Battlefield Visitor Center, 1013 Lafayette Boulevard, Fredericksburg 22401.
For more information visit www.nps.gov/frsp or www.facebook.com/FredericksburgSpotsylvaniaNMP
Page 5
Moments of remembrance...
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Special tours and talks...
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Walking the footsteps of history.
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Daily Schedule
Friday December 7
10 a.m - 2 p.m.
3 - 5 p.m.
7 - 8 p.m.
“Fields of Fredericksburg: A Bus Tour.” A chance to see the entire battlefield
with NPS historians. Advanced reservations required. Call (540) 372-3034. $20
per person. Departs from Fredericksburg Battlefield Visitor Center.
“In the Vortex: A Walk on the Slaughter Pen Farm.” Here the battle hung in the
balance on December 13. Site owned by the Civil War Trust. 11232 Tidewater
Trail, 22408.
“Eve of Battle.” A talk by NPS historian Frank O’Reilly, in the historic Presbyterian Church of Fredericksburg. Frank will explore the origins and significance
of the battle—to the nation and to those involved. 810 Princess Anne Sreet,
22401.
Saturday December 8
All Day
8 - 9:30 a.m.
10 a.m. - Noon
1 - 2:30 p.m.
4 - 5 p.m.
7:00 p.m.
Don’t forget the HistoryMobile! See page 3.
NPS events only. See pages 10-12 for partner events.
~ Living History at Chatham--medicine, civilians, music, and headquarters.
~ Hourly tours of the Sunken Road and Marye’s Heights.
~ Children’s Muster, Fredericksburg Battlefield Visitor Center.
“Fire in the Streets.” Union and Confederate soldiers battled house by house,
block by block, in the first street fighting on American soil. Meet at the Central
Rappahannock Regional Library, 1201 Caroline Street, 22401.
“Protecting Jackson’s Left.” A Union breakthrough threatened to unhinge
Jackson’s line south of town and became the decisive moment in the Battle of
Fredericksburg. Meet at the Bernard’s Cabin trailhead, South Lee Drive.
“Across the Bloody Plain.” Follow in the footsteps of Union soldiers who
attacked the Confederates along the Sunken Road. Meet at Hurkamp Park, at
the corner of George Street and Prince Edward Street, 22401.
“The Dreaded Heights.” NPS historians will staff stations in the Sunken Road
and on Marye’s Heights. Begin at corner of Hanover St. and Sunken Road.
“Ordeal of the Town.” NPS historian John Hennessy will use letters and diaries
to explore the experience of civilians during the battle. In the sanctuary of St.
George’s Episcopal Church, 901 Princess Anne Street, 22401.
For more information visit www.nps.gov/frsp or www.facebook.com/FredericksburgSpotsylvaniaNMP
Page 6
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Sunday December 9
All Day
9 - 11 a.m.
1 - 4 p.m.
Chatham will be a hub for living history
and special programs. This 1771 plantation served as a Union headquarters and
hospital during the battle, and on December 8-9 will be the setting for music,
medical demonstrations, and the busy
hum of a headquarters.
Today, the nation remembers
~ Living History at Chatham--medicine, civilians, music, and headquarters.
~ Hourly tours of the Sunken Road and Marye’s Heights, until 2. p.m.
~ The battle-damaged Innis House open (along the Sunken Road).
~ Children’s Muster, Fredericksburg Battlefield Visitor Center.
“Breakthrough at Prospect Hill.” Here the armies battled for the key terrain on
the south end of the field. A major Union attack took Ambrose Burnside to
the brink of victory, prevented only by intense fighting. Meet at Prospect Hill
(Tour Stop 6) on South Lee Drive.
“A Nation Remembers: Fredericksburg. A Culminating Event.” See page 4 for
details.
Tuesday December 11
Bombardment and crossing, 150 years ago today
Noon - 1:30 p.m. “Smoke on the Water: Bridging the River.” Follow in the footsteps of Union
engineers as they struggled mightily to bridge the Rappahannock River under
intense fire at the “Upper Crossing” site. The tour begins at Chatham (Tour
Stop 2) and includes some difficult terrain.
2 - 3 p.m.
“Deadly Crossing.” Explore the Confederate side of the river at the “Middle
Crossing” site, where Union troops piled into boats to mount a cross-river
landing. Meet at the City Dock, Sophia Street.
3:30 - 5 p.m.
“Fire in the Streets.” Union and Confederate soldiers fought in the streets of
Fredericksburg, house by house, block by block—in an unprecedented and
frightening new experience of warfare: urban combat. Meet in front of the
Central Rappahannock Regional Library, 1201 Caroline Street, 22401.
7 p.m.
“War Comes to Fredericksburg.” A presentation by Frank O’Reilly, as part of
the Fredericksburg Area Museum’s Evening with an Expert series. Mansard
Gallery, Fredericksburg Area Museum, 1001 Princess Anne Street, 22401.
Wednesday December 12
10 a.m. - Noon
1 - 3 p.m.
The Union army occupied town, 150 years ago today
“Looting the Town.” Meet at Market Square behind Old Town Hall to explore
the damage inflicted in the upper part of town during the Union occupation.
“Driven From Our Homes.” This program will explore the ordeal of civilians in
the lower part of town. Meet at City Dock, Sophia Street.
For more information visit www.nps.gov/frsp or www.facebook.com/FredericksburgSpotsylvaniaNMP
Page 7
Thursday December 13
10 a.m. - Noon
1 - 3 p.m.
3:30 - 5 p.m.
“Attacking Marye’s Heights.” Follow in the footsteps of Union soldiers as they
moved through town and attacked Marye’s Heights. Gather at the City Dock.
One mile through city streets.
“Breakthrough at Prospect Hill.” The Union army briefly broke through Stonewall Jackson’s Confederate lines, which led to some of the wildest close-order
combat of the Civil War. The North went to the brink of victory only to be
decisively beaten by Robert E. Lee in the end. Meet at Prospect Hill (Tour Stop
6), South Lee Drive.
“The Hopeless Charge: The Last Attacks at Marye’s Heights.” Union troops
repeatedly attacked the Confederate heights, and hope dimmed with each
failure. Only a few, like General A. A. Humphreys, still believed they could
win. Most Northerners continued to attack anyway—not to win, but to keep
the Confederates from destroying their broken army. Meet at Hurkamp Park,
corner of Prince Edward and George Streets.
RealTime
Tours
Decem
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3
Saturday December 15
10 a.m. - Noon
1 - 2:30 p.m.
3:30 - 5 p.m.
The Battle of Fredericksburg--real-time tours
On December 13, join the park’s entire
historical staff for a series of real-time
tours, matching the time and place of
events 150 years ago. Each tour will be
something of a historical jam session, as
historians and visitors both bring these
events to life.
Aftermath—150 years ago today
“Lee and Jackson at Belvoir.” A rare chance to visit the evocative site of
Belvoir—a major Confederate field hospital where General Maxcy Gregg died.
Later, Jackson hosted his wife and child here. Meet Frank O’Reilly and John
Hennessy in the parking lot at Lee Hill Elementary School, 3600 Lee Hill School
Drive, 22408. Access courtesy Crossroads Associates LLC.
“Yankees Coming and Going: Franklin’s Crossing.” One of the most photographed and illustrated sites during the war, the Lower Pontoon Crossing is
today obscured, rarely visited. Half the defeated Union army retreated across
bridges here. Join Frank O’Reilly and Eric Mink at 1 Joseph Mills Drive, Fredericksburg, 22408.
“City of Hospitals.” One writer called it a “city of death,” but amidst the carnage were heroic efforts to save lives. Historian John Hennessy will explore a
town suddenly turned into a vast assemblage of hospitals. Meet at Market
Square, behind the Old Town Hall and Fredericksburg Area Museum.
For more information visit www.nps.gov/frsp or www.facebook.com/FredericksburgSpotsylvaniaNMP
Page 8
Planning Your Visit
Weather
Fredericksburg winters can be cold. Please dress appropriately. Unless otherwise noted, all NPS
events are outdoors and will proceed so long as conditions are safe. Check our Facebook page for
updates: www.facebook.com/FredericksburgSpotsylvaniaNMP
Seating
Limited seating will be provided for programs that are stationary and expected to last more than 20
minutes. For stationary programs (notably the culminating event on December 9), visitors are urged to
bring easily-carried lawn chairs. Some events cover a considerable distance. Plan ahead.
Water and Food
Food will not be available for purchase at any of the National Park-sponsored events. Visitors are
encouraged to bring lunches, snacks, and water bottles with them. Water fountains will be available at
the Fredericksburg Battlefield Visitor Center. Please dispose of litter and recycling in the provided
containers.
Roads and Trails
Please stay on designated trails and note special event signs on roadways and trails. Be aware of your
surroundings and watch for traffic when crossing streets.
Parking, Facilities, and Accessibility
For events downtown, parking is available at the city parking deck at 600 Sophia Street, 22401.
On-street parking is available for events at the park visitor center. All events will provide accessible
parking. Most events and programs are fully accessible, though several walking/hiking tours take
place over long distances with uneven and rough terrain.
Pets
Pets on leashes are allowed within Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park, but park
buildings and the National Cemetery are off-limits to all pets except service animals.
Many of Anniversary Week’s programs are supported by
Eastern National, a non-profit that assists mores than 150
National Parks. The park gift shop is at the Fredericksburg
Battlefield Visitor Center, with another
outlet at Chatham. Your purchase of
books and commemorative items helps
support NPS programs.
December 13: A special evening of reflection on
the Battle of Fredericksburg. The Central Virginia
Battlefields Trust will host a dinner, followed by
talks, with acclaimed historians Gary Gallagher,
Robert Krick, and Ed Bearss. Reservations
required. Visit www.cvbt.org for more information.
Book sales at the event by Eastern National.
Kids Arise!
Become a Junior Ranger!
Join a park ranger for a muster
and kids activities, all weekend
at the Family Tent Fredericksburg
Battlefield Visitor Center.
Photo by Alan Zirkle
For more information visit www.nps.gov/frsp or www.facebook.com/FredericksburgSpotsylvaniaNMP
Page 9
The Battle of Fredericksburg
150th Anniversary
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Parking:
The weekend of December 8-9 is the main focus, but
events will continue through December 15. Parking
for Ferry Farm is at Chatham Heights Shopping
Center (with shuttle to Ferry Farm). For downtown
events on Saturday, December 8, park on the street,
in the VRE lot (shuttle provided) or in the parking
deck at 600 Sophia Street. There are also several
muncipal lots on Sophia Street. At the Battlefield
Visitor Center, park in the lot or on nearby streets.
17
Towns and families from Maine to Texas
mourned.
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www.fredericksburg150.org
On December 15, the Union army
retreated. The South rejoiced at victory.
Nearly 2,000 dead, 16,000 wounded.
Exit 126
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Behind the town, against the Sunken Road
and Marye’s Heights, nearly 30,000 Union
soldiers crossed what by day’s end would
be a bloody plain. The Union disaster here
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Fire on the Rappahannock will bring to life the events that
forever changed Fredericksburg, Stafford, and Spotsylvania. Walks,
talks, and living history programs will be available throughout the
region the weekend of December 8–9. Two battles will be the centerpiece of Saturday’s activities. The first will recreate the Union crossing
of the Rappahannock and occupying the city. The second will recreate
the Irish Brigade’s assault on Confederate forces at Marye’s Heights.
FRIDAY, DEC. 7
Educational Programs for Home School Children and School
Groups in the camps. Advanced Reservations Required. See
School Day info at www.fredericksburg150.org for more information or email Eric Powell at [email protected]
SATURDAY, DEC. 8
8–5 Ferry Farm–286 Kings Highway, Fredericksburg 22405
(programs cost $1 for age 6 and up)–Union Camps, Civil War
Hot Air Balloon, Field Hospital, Pontoon Boats, Cooking, Laundry, and Quilting. Enjoy taking tea with the ladies of the 5th
Regiment in the Gallery at Ferry Farm from 4–5pm. (Shuttle
available see infomation in box to right.)
8–5 Slaughter Pen Farm—Free of charge. Confederate Camps,
Artillery and Infantry Demonstrations, Civil War Games, and
Field Hospital (Shuttle see information in box to right.)
10–12 Ferry Farm–“What They Wore” Demonstration, Ferry
Farm (Gallery)–Learn about women’s fashion and hairstyles of
the 1860s.
10–2 FIELD HOSPITAL–Brompton, Learn about Civil War
medicine and see a recreated amputation with surgeon John
Ocheltree of the 5th VA.
10–10:20 Union Assault Begins —Hear the cannons roar as
the Union artillery opens fire on the city. Reenacted at George
Washington’s Ferry Farm.
10:20–11 PONTOON CROSSING - Ferry Farm to City Dock
Experience the first amphibious assault, under fire, in U.S.
history. Union engineers begin to build the pontoon bridge under fire from Confederate infantry. Finally, soldiers are ordered
onto pontoon boats to cross the river and clear the Confederate
forces. The bridge could then be completed and the main Union
force will cross the river to occupy the city. Pontoon bridge
provided by the Virginia National Guard, 189th Engineer
Company. Best seen from the heights at Ferry Farm and the
parking lot at the City Dock.
Shuttle Services will be
provided daily 8am – 5pm.
Shuttle stops are:
n
11032 Tidewater Trail, 22408
(former GMC Plant) – Public
Parking
n
Slaughter Pen Farm
(no parking)
n
Fredericksburg NMP – NPS
Visitor Center (limited street
parking)
n
VRE Parking Lot – (Frederick
& Caroline St) – Public Parking
n
Fredericksburg Visitor Center
706 Caroline Street (Parking
deck at 600 Sophia St, 22401)
n
Chatham Heights Shopping
Center – 411 Chatham Heights
Road 22405 – Public Parking
n
Ferry Farm (only Handicapped
& Special Needs Parking at this
site)
n
Shuttles for reenactment are
school buses. See map on back
cover
S
●
HFFI will be hosting its
42nd Annual Christmas
Candlelight Tour
Featured homes include:
700 and 701 Hanover Street
919 Hanover (James Wilkins House)
704 Sunken Road (Brompton)
123 Lee Drive (Braehead)
Shuttles are trolleys.
www.hffi.org for more info
Many events are scheduled throughout the following week, including CVBT sponsored lectures by noted authors
and historians: “Fredericksburg under War’s Savage Heel: the Plight of the City’s Civilians” by Robert K. Krick
and “Confederates Respond to the Battle of Fredericksburg” by Gary Gallagher at the Fredericksburg Hospitality
House, Dec. 13, 6 p.m., with a cocktail reception, then dinner and the lectures. $ www.cvbt.org
www.fredericksburg150.org H www.visitfred.com
Fire on the Rappahannock Schedule of Events
Visit the camps to learn about period hot air balloons, Civil War medicine, and the role
of Civil War women. See artillery and infantry demonstrations. Union camp will be at
George Washington’s Ferry Farm in Stafford County ($1 admission 6 and up). Confederate camp will be at the Slaughter Pen Farm in Spotsylvania (free of charge). Period
Sutlers and demos will be at Riverfront Park. Shuttle information, page 10, with map on
back cover.
SATURDAY, DEC. 8
11–11:30 STREET BATTLE —Along Sophia Street –Union battalions will advance into the city,
meeting resistance from Confederate forces. The street battle can be viewed from Riverfront
Park, 600 Sophia Street.
11–1 Civilian Life in Fredericksburg
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Rising Sun Tavern, 1304 Caroline St, Civilian Middle Class Family Portrayal and Field Hospital
n
Kenmore Inn, 1200 Princess Anne St, Period Tavern
n
Mary Washington House, 1200 Charles St, Lower Class Family Portrayal and Looting Scenario
n
Kenmore, 1201 Washington Ave, Upper Class Family Portrayal, Cooking Demo, and
Field Hospital
11–3 Fredericksburg Area Museum and Cultural Center–Civil War Art Show–Selected pieces
from the Silver Family Collection. Several artists will be on hand for the show.
12–1 Ferry Farm–The Black Women Experience in the War—Dr. Cynthia Crater–The Gallery
1–2 Slaughter Pen Farm–Artillery Demonstrations by the 4th MD Artillery.
1–3 Fredericksburg Area Museum and Cultural Center–Second Saturday Kids Program, Market
Square, 1001 Princess Anne St. Hands-on program with reenactors.
1–4 Ferry Farm–Gallery Quilting Demonstrations
2–3 Military Formation & Inspections
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Confederate Troops–Trench Hill, 1119 Hanover Street
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Union Troops–Federal Hill, 504 Hanover Street
3–4 Battle of Marye’s Heights –Come see the Union assault against the Confederate forces
behind the stone wall along Sunken Road. Reenactment to take place on Trench Hill behind the
UMW Jepson Alumni Center at 1119 Hanover Street. Viewing areas will be at the corner of
Hanover Street and Sunken Road and the parking lot at Marye Street and Sunken Road.
SUNDAY, DEC. 9
10–11 Period Church Services Join reenactors
for a period church service at Slaughter Pen.
11–3 Ferry Farm ($1 ages 6 and up) –Living
history programs such as laundry, quilting,
horses and saddles.
12–3 Field Hospital at Brompton, see Sat., Dec 8
on page 10.
1–4 Reenactors will participate in the National
Park Service Hallowed Ground Processional
and Culminating Ceremony. See page 4.
Meet the Generals! On Saturday you have two opportunities to meet the Union and Confederate
Generals 9–11 am in the Camps at Ferry Farm & Slaughter Pen and 1–2 pm at Riverfront Park.
www.fredericksburg150.org H www.visitfred.com
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28th Massachusetts, Company B - 47th Virginia, Company I
City of Fredericksburg H Spotsylvania County H Stafford County
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The George Washington Foundation H University of Mary Washington H Civil War Trust H Virginia Defense Force
Virginia National Guard, 189th Engineer Company H Sons of Union Veterans Irish Brigade Camp No. 4 The Arts and Cultural Council of the Rappahannock H The Grey Ghost Gallery H Cooper’s Towing and Recovery
A Cut Above Landscape and Tree Service H Fredericksburg Agricultural Fair, Inc.
2,000
Feet