Jahresbericht 2011 - Lehrstuhl für Agrar

Transcription

Jahresbericht 2011
Hans Eisenmann-Zentrum
Jahresbericht 2011
Impressum
Herausgeber:
Zentralinstitut für Agrarwissenschaften der Technischen Universität München
Alte Akademie 16
85354 Freising
Tel: +49.8161.71.3464
Fax: +49.8161.71.2899
E-mail: [email protected]
Internet: www.hez.wzw.tum.de
Direktor:
Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Johann Bauer
Redaktion:
Dr. Isabell Schneweis-Fleischmann
Freising-Weihenstephan, Juni 2012
Als Vorwort
Bildquelle: Fotostelle/TUM
Sehr geehrte Leserin,
sehr geehrter Leser,
das Jahr 2011 war für das Hans Eisenmann-Zentrum von besonderer Bedeutung. Am 4. April 2011
war es soweit: Nach einer fast zweijährigen Planungszeit hat der Präsident der Technischen
Universität München, Herr Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Wolfgang A. Herrmann, zusammen mit dem
Bayerischen Staatsminister für Wissenschaft und Kunst, Herrn Dr. Wolfgang Heubisch, den
Grundstein für das Zentralinstitut Hans Eisenmann-Zentrum für Agrarwissenschaften gesetzt. Etwa
3100 Quadratmeter Nutzfläche dienen der Stärkung der agrarwissenschaftlichen Forschung und
Lehre am Standort Weihenstephan. Damit werden die Arbeitsbedingungen für das Hans EisenmannZentrum und deren Mitglieder weiter verbessert, um ihren Aufgaben - problemorientierte
Spitzenforschung in den Grunddisziplinen der Agrarwissenschaften und Förderung der Fortbildung
von Wissenschaftlern, Lehrenden und Praktikern – gerecht werden zu können.
Im Rahmen dieses Festakts wurde auch zwischen der Technischen Universität München, der
Hochschule Weihenstephan-Triesdorf und der Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft eine trilaterale
Kooperationsvereinbarung zur Gründung des Agrarwissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan
unterzeichnet. Daraus resultiert ein deutschlandweit einmaliger agrarwissenschaftlicher Verbund an
einem Standort, der die landwirtschaftliche Produktions- und Wertschöpfungskette praktisch
vollständig abbildet und als Kristallisationspunkt für regionale, nationale und internationale
Forschungskooperationen dienen soll.
Das Hans Eisenmann-Zentrum vereinigte im Jahr 2011 25 Professuren, die drei Fakultäten der
Technischen Universität München angehören; davon haben 23 ihren Standort in Weihenstephan. Die
wissenschaftliche Palette, die damit abgedeckt wird, ist breit: Sie reicht von den Pflanzen- und
Tierwissenschaften über aquatische und terrestrische Ökologie, Ökonomie und Biosystemtechnik bis
hin zu Geoinformationssystemen, Bodenordnung und Landentwicklung. Der heute vorgelegte
Jahresbericht hat primär das Ziel, über die Forschungsarbeiten der Mitglieder zu informieren; darüber
hinaus dokumentiert er deren weitere wissenschaftliche Aktivitäten sowie die vielfältigen Tätigkeiten
der Geschäftsstelle. Damit legen wir nicht nur Rechenschaft gegenüber der Öffentlichkeit ab, sondern
wir wollen diese über die aktuellen Forschungsansätze und –ergebnisse sowie gegebenenfalls deren
praktische Umsetzung informieren. Damit soll nicht zuletzt die Zusammenarbeit zwischen
universitärer und industrieller Forschung intensiviert und der Wissenstransfer in die Praxis verkürzt
werden.
Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Johann Bauer
Direktor des Hans Eisenmann-Zentrums
Inhaltsverzeichnis
I
II
III
Überblick
7
1.
2.
2.1
3.
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.
4.
5.
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
12
12
15
18
Ausgewählte Schwerpunktthemen
19
1.
Professur für Pflanzenzüchtung
Anfälligkeit und Resistenz gegen Pflanzenkrankheiten:
Zwei Seiten derselben Medaille?
21
2.
Professur für Grünlandlehre
Der Klimawandel beeinflusst den Wasserhaushalt von Grasland
25
3.
Professur für Tierhygiene
Mykotoxine in Silagen
30
Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen
1.
2.
3.
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.
4.1
4.2
4.3
IV
Aufgaben und Ziele
Struktur
Neue Mitglieder des Hans Eisenmann-Zentrums
Tätigkeiten der Geschäftsstelle
Jahresbericht 2010
Beiratssitzungen/Mitglieder-Versammlungen
Öffentliche Vortragsreihe
Weitere Veranstaltungen
Agrarwissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan
Neubau Hans Eisenmann-Zentrum
Mitglieder
Organigramm
Veröffentlichungen in referierten Zeitschriften
Weitere Veröffentlichungen
Habilitationsschriften, Dissertationen, Diplom-/Masterarbeiten, Bachelor-Theses
Habilitationsschriften
Dissertationen
Diplom-/Masterarbeiten
Bachelor-Theses
Kongressbeiträge, Proceedings, Posterpräsentationen
Kongressbeiträge
Proceedings
Posterpräsentationen
35
37
110
118
118
118
119
123
129
129
148
153
Kooperationen und Mitarbeit in wissenschaftlichen Gremien
159
1.
161
2.
3.
Beteiligungen an nationalen und internationalen Forschungsverbünden und
Exzellenznetzwerken
Mitgliedschaft in wissenschaftlichen Gremien
Mitgliedschaft im Editorial Board von wissenschaftlichen Zeitschriften
167
171
I. Überblick
1. Aufgaben und Ziele
Die Aufgabe des Zentralinstituts Hans Eisenmann-Zentrum für Agrarwissenschaften ist es,
den inter- und transdisziplinären sowie systemwissenschaftlichen Charakter der Agrarwissenschaften am Standort Weihenstephan
weiterzuentwickeln. Das Hans EisenmannZentrum vernetzt die agrarwissenschaftlichen
Institutionen der TU München und wirkt somit
als identitätsstiftende Einrichtung für alle agrarwissenschaftlichen Professuren. Das Zentralinstitut soll die Sichtbarkeit der Agrarwissenschaften innerhalb und außerhalb der Hochschule gewährleisten sowie den Kontakt zur
Agrarwirtschaft und den Berufsständen intensivieren. Durch Fort- und Weiterbildungsangebote zu aktuellen und für die Praxis interessanten
Themen bzw. die Ausrichtung von wissenschaftlichen Kongressen wird der Kontakt zur
agrarwirtschaftlichen Praxis und zur internationalen Wissenschaft gepflegt.
2.
berger (Professur für Biotechnologie gartenbaulicher Kulturen), Prof. Dr. Volker Sieber (Professur für Chemie biogener Rohstoffe) und Prof.
Dr. Martin Faulstich (Professur für Rohstoffund Energietechnologie) begrüßt.
3.
Tätigkeiten der Geschäftsstelle
3.1 Jahresbericht 2010
Die Geschäftsstelle des Hans EisenmannZentrums verfasste mit Hilfe der Mitglieder
einen Jahresbericht. Mit mehr als 170 Veröffentlichungen in renommierten referierten Zeitschriften, ungefähr 100 weiteren Veröffentlichungen und Buchbeiträgen, 27 Dissertationen,
95 Diplom- oder Masterarbeiten und mehr als
460 Kongressbeiträgen, Proceedings und Posterpräsentationen konnte das Spektrum und die
Intensität der universitären agrarwissenschaftlichen Forschung am Standort Weihenstephan
dokumentiert werden.
Struktur
3.2
Das Hans Eisenmann-Zentrum ist eine fakultätsübergreifende,
wissenschaftliche
Einrichtung für Agrarwissenschaften. Das Zentralinstitut steht unter der Verantwortung der
Hochschulleitung der Technischen Universität
München und wird von dem geschäftsführenden Direktor Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Johann
Bauer geleitet.
Als Mitglieder gehören der Einrichtung die Inhaberinnen und Inhaber der Professuren mit
agrarwissenschaftlichem Bezug des Wissenschaftszentrums Weihenstephan und einige
fachlich nahestehende Professoren anderer
Fakultäten der Technischen Universität München an.
Dem Zentralinstitut für Agrarwissenschaften
und seinen Mitgliedern steht ein aus externen
Fachleuten, Vertretern der Agrarwirtschaft und
Agrarwissenschaft zusammengesetzter Beirat
zur Seite, der die Entwicklung der Agrarwissenschaften am Standort Weihenstephan begleitet
und hierzu Empfehlungen abgibt.
2.1 Neue Mitglieder des Hans EisenmannZentrums
Im Jahr 2011 zählte das Zentralinstitut 27 Mitglieds-Professuren. Als neue Mitglieder des
Hans Eisenmann-Zentrums wurden Prof. Dr.
Justus Wesseler (Professur für Agrar- und Ernährungswirtschaft), Prof. Dr. Brigitte Poppen-
I. Überblick
Beiratssitzungen/MitgliederVersammlungen
Es wurden jeweils zwei Beiratssitzungen und
zwei Mitglieder-Versammlungen des Hans Eisenmann-Zentrums abgehalten. In einem Tätigkeitsbericht wurden die Beirats-Mitglieder und
die Mitglieder über die Aktivitäten der Geschäftsstelle informiert. Weitere Ziele und Ausrichtungen wurden diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse
der Sitzungen und Versammlungen wurden in
Protokollen festgehalten.
3.3 Öffentliche Vortragsreihe
Die im WS 2009/2010 neu konzipierte Vortragsreihe der Hans Eisenmann-Akademie bietet ein
aktuelles Forum des offenen, sachlichen und
wissensbasierten Dialogs. Es werden dazu
hochrangige Referenten aus der Industrie, der
Wissenschaft, des Öffentlichen Dienstes, der
Politik und der Praxis eingeladen. Pro Semester
finden etwa vier Veranstaltungen statt.
Im SS 2011 konnten als Referenten Prof. Dr.
Folkhard Isermeyer (vTI), Dr. Ralf-Michael
Schmidt (BASF) und Prof. Dr. Klaus Hahlbrock
(ehem. Direktor MPI Köln) begrüßt werden.
Es wurde über folgende Themen referiert: „Agrarwelt im Wandel – Schlussfolgerungen für
Agrarpolitik und Agrarforschung“, „Pflanzenbiotechnologie – ein Schlüsselfaktor für nachhalti-
9
ge Landwirtschaft“ und „Welternährung zwischen Hunger und Überfluss“.
Im WS 2011/2012 referierten im Rahmen der
öffentlichen Vortragsreihe der Hans EisenmannAkademie Prof. Dr. Holger Kirchmann (Swedish
University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala), Dr.
Prinz Felix zu Löwenstein (BÖLW), Prof. Dr.
Lothar Wieler (FU Berlin) und Manfred Nüssel
(Präsident DRV).
Die Titel der Vorträge lauteten: „Lehren von
Langzeitversuchen in Schweden“, „Food Crash
– wir werden uns ökologisch ernähren oder gar
nicht mehr“, „Zoonosen bei landwirtschaftlichen Nutztieren: Neue Aspekte einer permanenten Herausforderung“ und „Agrarwirtschaft
2020 – Globale Herausforderungen – nationale/lokale Strategien“.
Die öffentliche Vortragsreihe der Hans Eisenmann-Akademie hat sich inzwischen sehr gut
etabliert und wird mit durchschnittlich über 100
Teilnehmern durchweg gut besucht.
3.4 Weitere Veranstaltungen
Im Rahmen des 10. Hochschultages des Wissenschaftszentrums Weihenstephan fand am
Nachmittag des 8. Juli 2011 ein eigenes Programm der jeweiligen Studienfakultäten statt.
Das Programm der Studienfakultät Agrar- und
Gartenbauwissenschaften wurde zusammen
mit dem Hans Eisenmann-Zentrum organisiert.
Als neu berufene Professoren stellten sich Prof.
Vera Bitsch, Prof. Wilhelm Windisch und Prof.
Justus Wesseler mit ihren aktuellen Forschungsthemen vor. Frau Bitsch sprach über
„Personal in Gartenbau und Landwirtschaft: Die
Zukunft eines Wirtschaftszweiges“, Herr Windisch referierte zum Thema „Moderne Tierernährung: Forschungsaufgaben und Perspektiven“ und dem Thema „Gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen des 21. Jahrhunderts: Welchen
Beitrag kann die agrarökonomische Forschung
zur Bewältigung leisten?“ nahm sich Herr Wesseler an. Die Vorträge und anschließenden Diskussionen wurden vom geschäftsführenden
Direktor Prof. Johann Bauer moderiert und geleitet.
Im Anschluss daran wurde der Dr. HeinrichBaur-Förderpreis an Dr. Susanne Ulbrich und
Prof. Michael Schloter verliehen. Frau Ulbrich
wurde mit dem Preis der Dr. Heinrich-BaurHochschulschenkung für ihre Forschungsarbeiten auf dem Gebiet „Versorgung des Präimplantationsembryos: Herausforderungen an
die Mutterkuh während der Frühgravidität“ ausgezeichnet. Herr Schloter wurde für seine For-
I. Überblick
schungsarbeiten auf dem Gebiet „Funktionelle
Mikrobiologie von Agrarböden“ gewürdigt.
Nationale und internationale wissenschaftliche Kongresse
Die Geschäftsstelle des Hans EisenmannZentrums unterstützte auch in diesem Jahr
wieder Tagungen, Arbeitskreise und nationale
Kongresse der Mitglieder und richtete einen
internationalen Kongress aus.
Die Tagung des Arbeitskreises BoGeo fand
vom 13-14. Mai 2011 am Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan mit dem Thema „Die Georessource Boden in der Agrarlandschaft im
Zuge temporärer kleinräumiger Bergbaumaßnahmen und linearer Projekte“ statt. Ausrichter
der Veranstaltung war das Extraordinariat für
Geomorphologie und Bodenkunde (Prof. Jörg
Völkel) in Kooperation mit dem Hans Eisenmann-Zentrum.
Vom 30. Mai bis 1. Juni 2011 wurde im Kardinal-Döpfner-Haus
der
33.
MycotoxinWorkshop, eine der weltweit größten internationalen Fachtagungen für den Bereich Mykotoxintoxikologie und Mykotoxinanalytik - einen
wichtigen Bereich der Lebensmittelsicherheit ausgerichtet. Die Geschäftsstelle des Hans
Eisenmann-Zentrums übernahm hierbei in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Lehrstuhl für Tierhygiene der TU München sowie der Gesellschaft für
Mykotoxinforschung die Organisation und Koordination des 3-tägigen internationalen Kongresses. Nahezu 230 Teilnehmer aus sämtlichen EU Mitgliedstaaten, aber auch aus den
USA, Kanada, Südafrika, Thailand, Türkei,
Schweiz sowie osteuropäischen Ländern kamen nach Freising, um sich mit insgesamt 40
Vorträgen und einer Ausstellung mit 100 Poster-Präsentationen über den neuesten Stand
der Mykotoxinforschung zu informieren. Eine
Ausstellung führender Anbieter im Bereich der
Mykotoxinanalytik bot zudem die Gelegenheit,
sich über die neuesten Entwicklungen der Analysentechnik zu erkundigen.
Neben dem wissenschaftlichen Programm
wurde den Gästen ein ansprechendes Rahmenprogramm geboten. Eine Stadtführung
sowie eine Dom-Führung brachten den Teilnehmern die Historie der Stadt Freising näher,
zwei Abendveranstaltungen boten ein weiteres
Forum des wissenschaftlichen Austausches.
10
Die DGfZ-Jahrestagung und DGfZ-/GfTGemeinschaftstagung wurde vom 6. bis 7.
September 2011 in Freising-Weihenstephan
abgehalten. Lokaler Veranstalter war der Lehrstuhl für Tierzucht (Prof. Ruedi Fries), der organisatorische Unterstützung durch die Geschäftsstelle des Hans Eisenmann-Zentrums
erfuhr. Rund 300 Teilnehmer nahmen an der
Fachtagung teil und informierten sich zu aktuellen Themen der Tierzucht.
Am 28. September 2011 fand zum zweiten Mal
das Agrarwissenschaftliche Symposium des
Hans Eisenmann-Zentrums unter Beteiligung
des Wissenschaftszentrums Straubing, der
Hochschule Weihenstephan-Triesdorf und der
Bayerischen Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft
in Weihenstephan statt.
I. Überblick
Etwa 160 interessierte Teilnehmer folgten den
Ausführungen hochrangiger Referenten. In diesem Jahr standen die "Nachwachsenden Rohstoffe" im Focus des Symposiums. Angefangen
von der Pflanzenzucht über die verschiedenen
Verwertungsmöglichkeiten (stofflich, energetisch, chemisch, tierisch) bis hin zu ökonomischen, ökologischen und ethischen Fragestellungen wurde dieses aktuelle Thema von verschiedenen Aspekten her beleuchtet. Im Foyer
des Zentralen Hörsaalgebäudes präsentierten Wissenschaftler des Wissenschaftszentrums Weihenstephan und des Wissenschaftszentrums Straubing der TU München, der
Hochschule Weihenstephan-Triesdorf und der
Bayerischen Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft
im Rahmen einer Poster-Ausstellung ihre aktuellen Forschungsergebnisse.
11
Am 27. Juli 2011 folgten die Mitglieder des
Hans Eisenmann-Zentrums einer Einladung
des Präsidenten des Bayerischen Bauernverbandes Herrn Gerd Sonnleitner nach Herrsching in das Haus der bayerischen Landwirtschaft. Nach der Begrüßung von Herrn Dr.
Treiber und einer kurzen Vorstellung der Teilnehmer sprach Herr Sonnleitner über die aktuellen agrarpolitischen Herausforderungen in
Deutschland und Europa. Anschließend berichtete Herr Prof. Bauer, Direktor des Hans
Eisenmann-Zentrums, über die bisherigen und
aktuellen Tätigkeiten des Zentralinstitutes und
seine zukünftigen Aufgaben. Über den Bayerischen Bauernverband und seine Dienstleistungsunternehmen berichtete der stellvertretende Generalsekretär Herr Wimmer. Im Anschluss folgte eine ausführliche Diskussion bei
der auch gemeinsame Ziele abgesteckt wurden. Intensive Gespräche in kleineren Runden
ergaben sich im Rahmen des gemeinsamen
Abendessens.
3.5 Agrarwissenschaftszentrum
Weihenstephan
Am 4. April 2011 wurde im Rahmen der
Grundsteinlegung des Hans EisenmannZentrums die Kooperationsvereinbarung zum
Agrarwissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan
zwischen der Hochschule WeihenstephanTriesdorf, der Bayerischen Landesanstalt für
Landwirtschaft und der Technischen Universität München unterzeichnet. Diese regelt die
Zusammenarbeit der drei Institutionen am
Standort Weihenstephan. Die Kooperation
wird begleitet durch ein Koordinierungsgremium und einen Beirat.
In einer ersten Mitglieder-Versammlung, zu
der Herr Opperer, Präsident der LfL, einlud,
wurden erste Ziele abgesteckt. Eine Zusammenstellung der abgeschlossenen und laufenden Forschungsprojekte der letzten 6 Jahre zwischen den drei Institutionen sollte einen
ersten Überblick verschaffen. Die Geschäftsstelle des Hans Eisenmann-Zentrums führte
diese Abfrage durch und organisierte am 24.
November 2011 die erste Beiratssitzung des
Agrarwissenschaftszentrums Weihenstephan.
3.6 Neubau Hans Eisenmann-Zentrum
Dr. W. Treiber (Direktor des Hauses der bayerischen Landwirtschaft, Herrsching), G. Wimmer
(stellv. Generalsekretär des BBV), G. Sonnleitner
(Präsident des BBV), Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. J. Bauer
(Direktor des Hans Eisenmann-Zentrums, TUM)
(vordere Reihe, v.l.n.r.) mit Weihenstephaner Professoren und Mitarbeitern des BBV (Foto: Bayerischer Bauernverband)
Des Weiteren fand am 27. Juli 2011 eine nationale Tagung unter dem Titel „Aserbaidschan - 20 Jahre der Transformation in
der Landwirtschaft am Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan statt. Ausrichter war der
Lehrstuhl für Wirtschaftslehre des Landbaus
(Prof. Alois Heißenhuber), die Geschäftsstelle
des Hans Eisenmann-Zentrums unterstützte
die Veranstaltung.
I. Überblick
Im März 2011 wurde mit dem Bau des Hans
Eisenmann-Zentrum begonnen. Am 4. April
2011 setzte Prof. Wolfgang A. Herrmann, Präsident der TU-München, zusammen mit Bayerns Wissenschaftsminister Dr. Wolfgang
Heubisch den Grundstein für das Zentralinstitut Hans Eisenmann-Zentrum für Agrarwissenschaften am Standort Weihenstephan.
Nach der Begrüßung und Ansprache von
TUM-Präsident Prof. Wolfgang A. Herrmann
folgten eine Ansprache von Wissenschaftsminister Dr. Wolfgang Heubisch und ein Grußwort von Oberbürgermeister Dieter Thalhammer. Landwirtschaftsminister Helmut Brunner
und Prof. Hermann Heiler, Präsident der
Hochschule Weihenstephan-Triesdorf (HSWT)
hielten ebenfalls ein Grußwort. Im Anschluss
daran folgte die Festrede zur Grundsteinlegung von Prof. Johann Bauer, Gründungsdirektor des Hans Eisenmann-Zentrums.
Das viergeschossige Gebäude bietet auf 3100
qm bestehenden und neuen Agrarprofessuren
modernste Arbeitsbedingungen für Lehre und
Forschung. Im Erdgeschoss befinden sich
eine Reihe von Seminarräumen, die für Fort-
12
bildungen und Vortragsveranstaltungen genutzt werden sollen.
Das Gebäude ist energieeffizient geplant:
Durch den Einsatz von innovativen Techniken
wie Fernwärme, Grundwasserkühlung ist der
Energiebedarf für das Heizen und Kühlen der
Labore deutlich vermindert, eine Photovoltaikanlage auf dem Dach generiert umweltfreundlich Strom. Somit werden die Energiekosten für die Unterhaltung des Gebäudes
effektiv vermindert.
Im Sommer 2013 wird das Gebäude fertig
gestellt sein.
Die Entstehung des Neubaus
Foto 1: Bautafel
Foto 2: Aushub der Baugrube im März 2011
Foto 3: Baufortschritt im Juni 2011
Foto 4: Baufortschritt Juli 2011
I. Überblick
13
Foto 5: Baufortschritt im September 2011
Foto 6: Baufortschritt im Oktober 2011
Foto 7: Baufortschritt im Dezember 2011
I. Überblick
14
4.
Mitglieder (Stand: 31. Dezember 2011)
Forschungsdepartment Tierwissenschaften
Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan
Professur für Physiologie
Prof. Dr. Heinrich H.D. Meyer
Weihenstephaner Berg 3
D-85354 Freising
Tel: +49.8161.71.3508
Fax: +49.8161.71.4204
E-Mail: [email protected]
www.wzw.tum.de/fml/physio
Forschungsdepartment Ökologie und Ökosystemmanagement
Professur für Aquatische Systembiologie
Prof. Dr. Jürgen Geist
Mühlenweg 22
D-85354 Freising
Tel: +49.8161.71.3767
Fax: +49.8161.71.3477
www.wzw.tum.de/fisch
Professur für Biotechnologie der Nutztiere
Prof. Dr. Angelika Schnieke
Professur für Geomorphologie und Bodenkunde
Prof. Dr. Dr. Jörg Völkel
Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 1
D-85354 Freising
Tel: +49.8161.71.2005
Fax: +49.8161.71.2108
www.wzw.tum.de/btn/
Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2
D-85354 Freising
Tel: +49.8161.71.2501
Fax: +49.8161.71.2502
www.wzw.tum.de/geomorphologie/
Professur für Tierhygiene
Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Johann Bauer
Weihenstephaner Berg 3
D-85354 Freising
Tel: +49.8161.71.3312
Fax: +49.8161.71.4516
www.wzw.tum.de/th/Index.htm
Professur für Tierernährung
Prof. Dr. Wilhelm M. Windisch
Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 6
D-85354 Freising
Tel: +49.8161.71.3552
Fax: +49.8161.71.5367
www.wzw.tum.de/tierernaehrung
Professur für Bodenkunde
Prof. Dr. Ingrid Kögel-Knabner
Emil-Ramann-Str. 2
D-85354 Freising
Tel: +49.8161.71.3677
Fax: +49.8161.71.4466
www.wzw.tum.de/bk
Professur für Bodenökologie
Prof. Dr. Jean Charles Munch
Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1
D-85764 Neuherberg
Tel: +49.89.3187.4064
Fax: +49.89.3187.2800
www.helmholtz-muenchen.de/en/iboe/
Professur für Tierzucht
Prof. Dr. Ruedi Fries
Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1
D-85354 Freising
Tel: +49.8161.71.3229
Fax: +49.8161.71.3107
www.tierzucht.tum.de
I. Überblick
15
Forschungsdepartment Pflanzenwissenschaften
Professur für Grünlandlehre
Prof. Dr. Hans Schnyder
Alte Akademie 12
D-85354 Freising
Tel:+49.8161.71.5165
Fax: +49.8161.71.3243
www.wzw.tum.de/gruenland
Professur für Pflanzenernährung
Prof. Dr. Urs Schmidhalter
Emil-Ramann-Str. 2
D-85354 Freising
Tel: +49.8161.71.3390
Fax: +49.8161.71.4500
www.wzw.tum.de/pe
Professur für Pflanzenzüchtung
Prof. Dr. Chris-Carolin Schön
Emil-Ramann-Str. 4
D-85354 Freising
Tel: +49.8161.71.3422
Fax: +49.8161.71.4511
www.wzw.tum.de/plantbreeding
Professur für Ökologischen Landbau und
Pflanzenbausysteme
Prof. Dr. Kurt-Jürgen Hülsbergen
Alte Akademie 12
D-85354 Freising
Tel: +49.8161.71.3033
Fax: +49.8161.71.3031
www.wzw.tum.de/oekolandbau/
Professur für Obstbau
Prof. Dr. Dieter Treutter
Dürnast 2
D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan
Tel: +49.8161.71.3233
Fax: +49.8161.71.5385
www.wzw.tum.de/ob/
Professur für Technik im Gartenbau
Prof. Dr. Joachim Meyer
Dürnast 4
D-85354 Freising
Tel: +49.8161.71.3448
Fax: +49.8161.71.3723
www.wzw.tum.de/gartentech
Professur für Biotechnologie im Gartenbau
Prof. Dr. Brigitte Poppenberger (seit 01.10.
2011)
Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1
D-85354 Freising
Tel.: +49.8161.71.3104
Fax: +49.8161.71.2105
www.bgk.wzw.tum.de
Forschungsdepartment
Ingenieurwissenschaften für Lebensmittel und
biogene Rohstoffe
Professur für Agrarsystemtechnik
Prof. Dr. Heinz Bernhardt
Am Staudengarten 2
D-85354 Freising
Tel : +49.8161.71.3440
Fax: +49.8161.71.3895
www.tec.wzw.tum.de
Professur für Phytopathologie
Prof. Dr. Ralph Hückelhoven
Emil-Ramann-Str. 2
D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan
Tel: +49.8161.71.3681
Fax: +49.8161.71.4538
www.wzw.tum.de/pp
I. Überblick
16
Forschungsdepartment Agrarökonomie
Professur für Wirtschaftslehre des Landbaus
Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Alois Heißenhuber
Alte Akademie 14
D-85354 Freising
Tel: +49.8161.71.3410
Fax: +49.8161.71.4426
www.wzw.tum.de/wdl/
Professur für Ökonomik des Gartenbaus
und Landschaftsbaus
Prof. Dr. Vera Bitsch
Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaften
Professur für Betriebswirtschaftslehre –
Marketing und Konsumforschung
Prof. Dr. Jutta Roosen
Alte Akademie 16
D-85354 Freising
Tel: +49.8161.71.3316
Fax: +49.8161.71.4501
www.mcr.wi.tum.de
Professur für Volkswirtschaftslehre - Umweltökonomie und Agrarpolitik
Prof. Dr. Klaus Salhofer
Alte Akademie 14
D-85354 Freising
Tel: +49.8161.71.3406
Fax: +49.8161.71.3408
www.wzw.tum.de/ap/
Alte Akademie 16
D-85354 Freising
Tel: +49.8161.71.2532
Fax: +49.8161.71.2530
www.wzw.tum.de/oekglb
Professur für Agrar- und
wirtschaft
Prof. Dr. Justus Wesseler
Ernährungs-
Weihenstephaner Steig 22
D-85354 Freising
Tel: +49.8161.71.5632
Fax: +49.8161.71.3030
www.aew.wzw.tum.de
Institut für Geodäsie, GIS und
Landmanagement
Fakultät für Bauingenieur- und Vermessungswesen
Professur für Geoinformationssysteme
Prof. Dr. Matthäus Schilcher
Arcisstraße 21
D-80333 München
Tel: +49.89.289.22578
Fax: +49.89.289.22878
www.gis.bv.tum.de
Professur für Bodenordnung und Landentwicklung
Prof. Dr. Holger Magel
Arcisstraße 21
D-80333 München
Tel: +49.89.289.22534
Fax: +49.89.289.23933
www.landentwicklung-muenchen.de
I. Überblick
17
5. Organigramm des Hans Eisenmann-Zentrums
I. Überblick
18
II. Ausgewählte Schwerpunktthemen
1. PROFESSUR FÜR PHYTOPATHOLOGIE
Department für Pflanzenwissenschaften
Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan der Technischen Universität München
Anfälligkeit und Resistenz gegen Pflanzenkrankheiten: Zwei Seiten derselben
Medaille?
Hückelhoven, R.
Pflanzenkrankheiten, die durch mikrobielle
Krankheitserreger verursacht werden, können
unter ungünstigen Umständen zum Totalverlust
von Erträgen im Kulturpflanzenbau führen. Unter Verzicht auf chemischen Pflanzenschutz
gehen im konventionellen Bereich oft 30% des
Ertrages verloren. Zusätzliche Verluste drohen
durch Qualitätseinbußen beim Erntegut. Selbst
unter intensiven vorbeugenden und kurativen
Pflanzenschutzmaßnahmen gehen regelmäßig
5-10 % des Ertragspotenzials durch Krankheiten verloren (Hückelhoven et al. 2009).
Chemischer Pflanzenschutz ist finanziell aufwendig und arbeitsintensiv. Darüber hinaus
können chemische Pflanzenschutzmaßnahmen,
unerwünschte Wirkungen auf Nichtzielorganismen haben. Die Mittel selbst und ihre Rückstände in Nahrungsmitteln bergen Risiken für
die Gesundheit des Anwenders und des Konsumenten. Außerdem erleiden chemische
Pflanzenschutzmaßnahmen oft Wirkungsverluste durch genetische Anpassung in der Populationsstruktur der Erreger, so dass ein intensiver
chemischer Pflanzenschutz auch wirtschaftliche
Risiken beim Landwirt und beim Anbieter mit
sich bringt. Daraus ergibt sich zwingend die
Frage nach alternativen Pflanzenschutzkonzepten im pflanzenbaulichen Bereich. Die vielleicht
wichtigste pflanzenbauliche Maßnahme zur
Gesunderhaltung einer Pflanzenkultur ist die
Wahl krankheitsresistenter Sorten. In manchen
Kulturen wurde die Resistenz gegen Krankheiten züchterisch lange zugunsten anderer Eigenschaften wie Ertragspotenzial und Stickstoffnutzungseffizienz vernachlässigt. Außerdem ist
die Resistenz ähnlich wie der chemische Pflanzenschutz eine Maßnahme, die Anpassungen in
der genetischen Struktur der Erregerpopulationen provoziert, da sie direkt auf die Erregerfitness wirkt und somit einen starken Selektionsdruck ausübt. Auch hier wurden folglich immer
wieder Resistenzen in Sorten eingebracht, die
nur kurze Zeit ihre Wirksamkeit behielten und
dann zum Schaden des Landwirts und Züchters
zusammenbrachen. Insgesamt entsteht dadurch eine ökonomisch wenig nachhaltige SituII. Schwerpunktthemen
ation des Wettlaufs zwischen dem vorgelagerten Bereich in Forschung und Entwicklung neuer chemischer und genetischer Pflanzenschutzmaßnahmen gegen die anpassungsfähige Natur der Krankheitserreger. Um eine möglichst andauernd wirksame nachhaltige Pflanzenschutzmaßnahme zu entwickeln, benötigt
man also neuartige Konzepte und Technologien
zur Gesunderhaltung von Kulturpflanzen (Eichmann und Hückelhoven 2011).
Jede Pflanze besitzt durch ihre natürliche Immunität das genetische Potenzial zur effektiven
Selbstverteidigung gegen pathogene Keime.
Deshalb sollten bei der Entwicklung neuer
Pflanzenschutzkonzepte die Pflanzen selbst
und ihre genetischen Ressourcen im Vordergrund stehen. Das ergibt sich auch aus der
Tatsache, dass der vorgelagerte Bereich andere
Faktoren der Krankheitsentstehung wie klimatische Faktoren oder genetische Faktoren der
Erreger nicht kontrollieren kann. Ein noch relativ
neuer Ansatz zum Nutzen der Pflanze beruht
auf dem zunehmenden Verständnis davon,
warum eine Pflanze krank wird. Das klingt zunächst trivial, wird aber durch verschiedene
Tatsachen zu einer technologischen Chance für
die Pflanzenzüchtung. Der erste Faktor ist die
Tatsache, dass Anfälligkeit gegen Pflanzenkrankheiten in der Natur eine Ausnahme darstellt. Die Mehrzahl der Pflanzen ist gegen die
Mehrzahl der potenziell pathogenen Mikroorganismen resistent. Das beruht auf einer mehrschichtigen natürlichen Immunität, die vielfältige
strukturelle und biochemische Abwehrmaßnahmen gegen Pathogene steuert. Um also auf
einer Pflanze erfolgreich sein zu können, benötigen pathogene Mikroorganismen einen sich
schnell entwickelnden biochemischen Werkzeugkasten, der genau an die Wirtpflanzen angepasst ist und so ihre Immunität umgeht oder
ausschaltet. Die Komplexität der Pathogenität
macht sie sensitiv für Störungen. Solche Störungen sind genetisch fixierbar als Veränderungen oder Verluste der Angriffspunkte von Pathogenen in der Pflanze selbst (Abb. 1).
21
Pflanze A
anfällig
Virulenzfaktor
des Erregers
Pflanze B/C
nicht anfällig
Anfälligkeitsfaktor
der Pflanze
Abb. 1: Erreger-induzierte Anfälligkeit basiert auf
spezialisierten Virulenzfaktoren der Erreger, die Anfälligkeitsfaktoren der Pflanze in ihrer Funktion beeinflussen und zu Gunsten einer Krankheitsentwicklung
ausnutzen (links). Ist der Anfälligkeitsfaktor der Pflanze verändert oder fehlt er, greift die Strategie des
Erregers nicht und die Pflanze bleibt resistent
(rechts).
Da der Verlust von Anfälligkeit genetisch rezessiv vererbt ist, ist eine dauerhafte Wirkung der
Maßnahmen wahrscheinlich. Prominente Beispiele für rezessiv-vererbte Resistenzen, die in
der Praxis relevant sind, sind die durch das
mlo-Gen vermittelte Resistenz der Gerste gegen den Echten Gerstenmehltau (Büschges et
al. 1997) und die Insensitivität gegenüber dem
TOXA Toxin von Stagonospora nodorum, dem
Erreger der Blatt- und Spelzenbräune an Weizen (Faris et al. 2010). Ebenfalls von Bedeutung ist die Tatsache, dass die Anfälligkeit gegen Pflanzenkrankheiten und ihre genetischen
Ursachen viel weniger verstanden sind als die
Resistenz. Im humanmedizinischen Bereich
hingegen ist eine genetische Disposition für
Infektionskrankheiten weitgehend akzeptiert.
Das impliziert, dass hier verborgene Schätze zu
bergen sein könnten. Deren Bergung könnte in
Zukunft zusätzlich über Assoziationsstudien mit
Hochdurchsatzsequenzierungen
wesentlich
vereinfacht werden.
Die Interaktion der Gerste, Hordeum vulgare,
mit dem Echten Gerstenmehltaupilz, Blumeria
graminis f. sp. hordei (Abbildung 2), ist ein viel
untersuchtes Modellsystem zum Verständnis
der genetischen und zellulären Krankheitsresistenz (Schulze-Lefert und Vogel, 2000; Hückelhoven und Panstruga 2011). Der Lehrstuhl für
Phytopathologie beschäftigt sich in Weihenstephan seit 5 Jahren mit diesem Modell. Bei dieser Zeit ist es gelungen verschiedene Faktoren
der Anfälligkeit der Gerste gegen Echten Gerstenmehltau zu identifizieren. Es konnte unter
anderem gezeigt werden, dass Regulatoren des
fermentativen Stoffwechsels (Alkohol DehydroII. Schwerpunktthemen
genease 1), des programmierten Zelltods (BAX
Inhibitor-1) und des Zytoskeletts (RHO-ähnliche
GTPase RACB) der Pflanze vom Schadpilz ausgenutzt werden, um die Gerste erfolgreich zu
infizieren (Hückelhoven et al. akzeptiert zur
Veröffentlichung). Mit molekulargenetischen
Werkzeugen ist es gelungen, die Expression
dieser Anfälligkeitsfaktoren so zu verringern,
dass die Pathogenese stark eingeschränkt war.
Studien zur physiologischen Funktion der Anfälligkeitsfaktoren unterstützen die Sichtweise,
dass das biotrophe Pathogen die Anfälligkeitsfaktoren nutzt, um den Abwehr-assoziierten
Zelltod der Pflanzen zu unterdrücken (Babaeizad et al. 2009; Eichmann et al. 2010), und um
die Pflanze physiologisch umzuprogrammieren,
so dass sie dem Pilz Kohlenhydrate zu Verfügung stellt (Pathuri et al. 2011). Darüber hinaus
zeigen die Arbeiten, dass der Anfälligkeitsfaktor
RACB polares Zellwachstum und Oberflächenvergrößerung von Zellen steuert. Der Schadpilz
scheint diese Eigenschaft für sich zu nutzen,
wenn er in lebende Zellen der Pflanze eindringt,
um dort sein Ernährungsorgan, das Haustorium
(Abb. 2), zu etablieren (Hoefle et al. 2011).
A B
Haustorium Abb. 2: A. Symptome des Echten Gerstenmehltaus
auf der Gerste. B. Lichtmikroskopische Aufnahme
des Echten Gerstenmehltaupilzes (blau) auf der
Epidermis der Gerste. Das Ernährungsorgan des
Pilzes (Haustorium) ist die einzige Struktur des Pilzes, die in die Pflanzenzelle eindringt.
Die vergrößerte Membranoberfläche erlaubt
dem Pilz das Einstülpen der Zelle und etabliert
eine große Kontaktfläche zur Wirtspflanze, über
die Nährstoffe aus der Pflanze akquiriert werden und Virulenzfaktoren an die Pflanzen abgegeben werden können. Die Arbeiten zeigen,
dass sich Krankheiten nicht nur durch den Verlust oder die pathogene Unterdrückung von
Immunität etabliert. Vielmehr sind in der Interaktion mit Pilzen, die komplexe Infektionsstrukturen in lebenden Pflanzen etablieren, Wirtskomponenten notwendig, um die Pathogenese
aktiv zu unterstützen. Ob diese Unterstützung
unter direkter Kontrolle des Pathogens als
feindliche Übernahme stattfindet oder der Pilz
eine physiologische Nische nutzt, die ihm ein
pflanzeneigenes Programm zur Verfügung stellt,
22
sobald er die Zellwand der Pflanze überwindet,
ist Gegenstand aktueller Forschungsarbeiten.
Wie nutzt man nun die neue Erkenntnis für die
Möglichkeiten der modernen Pflanzenzüchtung.
Eine Möglichkeit ist, die Aktivität der Anfälligkeitsgene zu limitieren (Eichmann und Hückelhoven 2011). Das kann zum Beispiel über biotechnologische Werkzeuge erreicht werden.
Dabei exprimiert man in der Pflanze eine Doppelstrang Ribonukleinsäure (RNS), die auf einem Strang eine zur Boten RNS des Anfälligkeitsgens komplementäre Sequenz trägt. Dadurch wird in der Pflanze über
posttranskriptionelles Gen Silencing der Abbau der
Boten RNS des Anfälligkeitsgens induziert, und
das Merkmal Anfälligkeit kommt nicht zur Ausprägung (Eichmann et al. 2010, Hoefle et al.
2011). Dieser Ansatz ist nur über transgene
Kulturpflanzen zu realisieren, die in Mitteleuropa
zurzeit auf wenig gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz
treffen. Eine aufwendigere Alternative ist die
Suche nach natürlichen oder induzierten Allelen
des Anfälligkeitsgens, die weniger oder nicht
aktiv sind. Dazu kann man etwa über Sequenzierung oder Genexpressionsstudien den Genpool der Kultur- und Wildgersten durchsuchen,
um natürliche Mutationen der Anfälligkeitsgene
oder ihrer Regulatoren zu finden, die die Pflanze
für die Pathogene weniger angreifbar machen.
Auch eine durch artifizielle Mutagenese induzierte Vielfalt kann mit einer gezielten Suche
nach Genvarianten kombiniert werden (das
Verfahren nennt sich Tilling), um ggf. direkt in
züchterischem Elitematerial Anfälligkeit auszuschalten.
Alternativ zur direkten Adressierung des Anfälligkeitsgens existiert die Möglichkeit, seine
Funktion indirekt zu hemmen. Das ist insbesondere dann von Bedeutung, wenn das Silencing oder die Mutation des Anfälligkeitsgens
pleiotrope Effekte bewirkt, die sich zum Beispiel
negativ auf den Ertrag der Pflanze auswirken. In
solch einem Fall ist es notwendig, die Funktion
des Anfälligkeitsfaktors mechanistisch exakt zu
verstehen, um sein funktionelles Umfeld als
neue Ressource für die Resistenzzüchtung zu
gewinnen. Hier ist wieder die Grundlagenforschung gefordert (siehe auch Sonderforschungsbereich SFB924 „Molecular mechanisms regulating yield and yield stability in
plants“ der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft am WZW; http://sfb924.wzw.tum.de/).
Sie identifiziert über genetische oder biochemische Screenings weitere Faktoren, die mit dem
Anfälligkeitsfaktor in Interaktion treten. So wurden zum Beispiel für den Anfälligkeitsfaktor
RACB über biochemische Protein-ProteinII. Schwerpunktthemen
Interaktionsversuche mehrere Proteine gefunden, die in der Pflanze direkt mit RACB in Kontakt treten und seine Funktion beeinflussen
(Schultheiss et al. 2008, Hoefle et al. 2011).
Unter diesen finden sich Kooperationspartner
von RACB, also weitere Anfälligkeitsfaktoren,
aber auch antagonistische Proteine, die die
Funktion von RACB negativ kontrollieren. Eines
dieser antagonistischen Proteine ist eine cytoplasmatische Kinase, die das MikrotubuliZytoskelett der Gerste stabilisiert (nicht publizierte Daten). Das zweite antagonistische Protein (MAGAP1; MICROTUBULE ASSOCIATED
GTPase ACTIVATING PROTEIN 1) fördert zunächst die enzymatische Funktion von RACB,
überführt den Anfälligkeitsfaktor dabei aber in
einen inaktiven Zustand. Interessanterweise
sitzt MAGAP1 in resistenten Zellen auf den
Mikrotubuli, einem Teil des Zytoskeletts, der
wichtig für die Abwehrreaktionen an der Zellwand ist (Abb. 3).
Abb. 3: Das Protein MAGAP1, ein molekularer Gegenspieler des Anfälligkeitsfaktors RACB, besetzt
das Zytoskelett der Gerste (grün-blau). In rot sieht
man den Zellkern nahe des Ortes, wo ein Mehltaupilz
einzudringen versucht (Stern).
MAGAP1 wandert aber an die Plasmamembran
wenn RACB dort (vermutlich vom Pilz) aktiviert
wird. Genetische Beweise unterstützen, dass so
eine negative Kontrolle von RACB entsteht, die
die Anfälligkeit einschränkt und ausgenutzt
werden könnte, um weniger anfällige Pflanzen
zu erhalten (Hoefle et al. 2011). Dieses Wissen
kann die Züchtung oder Biotechnologie wiederum nutzen, um genetische Varianten zu finden
oder zu designen, in denen MAGAP1 die natürliche Immunität der Gerste verstärkt fördert.
Parallel durchgeführte Arbeiten in Dikotylen
23
Modellpflanzen zeigen außerdem, dass diese
Mechanismen auch auf andere Pflanzen übertragbar sein könnten (Pathuri et al. 2009, Huesmann et al. 2011). Insgesamt zeigen die grundlegenden Arbeiten, dass die Anfälligkeit gegen
Pflanzenkrankheiten nicht nur das Versagen der
Immunität widerspiegelt, sondern spezifische
Komponenten der Pflanze benötigt, die neue
Perspektiven für die molekulare Resistenzzüchtung eröffnen.
Danksagung
Die erwähnten Arbeiten im Labor von Ralph Hückelhoven werden von der TU München, von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft und dem Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung unterstützt.
Literatur
Babaeizad, V., Imani, J., Kogel, K.-H., Eichmann, R.,
Hückelhoven, R.: Over-expression of the cell death
regulator BAX inhibitor-1 in barley confers reduced
or enhanced susceptibility to distinct fungal pathogens. Theoret. Appl. Genet. 118 (2009) 455-463
Büschges, R., Hollricher, K., Panstruga, R., Simons,
G., Wolter, M., Frijters, A., van Daelen, R., van der
Lee, T., Diergaarde, P., Groenendijk, J., Töpsch, S.,
Vos, P., Salamini, F., Schulze-Lefert, P.: The barley
Mlo gene: a novel control element of plant pathogen
resistance. Cell 88 (1997) 695-705
Eichmann, R., Bischof, M., Weis, C., Shaw, J., Lacomme, C., Schweizer, P., Duchkov, D., Hensel, G.,
Kumlehn, G., Hückelhoven, R.: BAX INHIBITOR-1 is
required for full susceptibility of barley to the barley
powdery mildew fungus. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact
23 (2010) 1217-1227
Hückelhoven, R., Hausladen, H., Heß, M., Eichmann,
R.: Phytopathogene Pilze in der Landwirtschaft.
Rundgespräche der Kommission für Ökologie 37
(2009) 63-70
Hückelhoven, R., Panstruga, R.: Cell biology of the
plant–powdery mildew interaction. Current Opinion in
Plant Biology 14 (2011) 738-746
Hückelhoven, R., Hoefle, C., Proels, R., Eichmann, R.
(akzeptiert): The powdery mildew fungus Blumeria
graminis preprograms barley for triggering susceptibility. Nova Acta Leopoldina
Huesmann, C., Hoefle, C., Hückelhoven, R.: ROPGAPs of Arabidopsis limit susceptibility to powdery
mildew. Plant Signaling & Behavior 6 (2011) 1691–
1694
Pathuri, I.P., Reitberger, I.E., Hückelhoven, R.,
Proels, R.K.: Alcohol dehydrogenase 1 of barley
modulates susceptibility to the parasitic fungus Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei. J Exp Bot. 62 (2011)
3449-3457
Pathuri, P.I., Imani, J., Babaeizad, V., Eichmann, R.,
Hückelhoven, R.: Ectopic expression of barley constitutively activated ROPs supports susceptibility to
powdery mildew and bacterial wildfire in tobacco.
Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 125 (2009) 317-327
Schultheiss, H., Preuss, J., Pircher, T., Eichmann, R.,
Hückelhoven, R.: Barley RIC171 interacts with RACB
in planta and supports entry of the powdery mildew
fungus. Cell. Microbiol. 10 (2008) 1815–1826
Schulze-Lefert, P., Vogel, J.: Closing the ranks to
attack by powdery mildew. Trends Plant Sci. 5 (2000)
343-348
Eichmann, R., Hückelhoven, R.: Pflanzliche Immunität und ihre Anwendung im Pflanzenschutz (Plant
immunity and its application in plant protection).
Gesunde Pflanzen 63 (2011) 1–9
Faris, J.D., Zhang, Z., Lu, H., Lu, S., Reddy, L., Cloutier, S., Fellers, J.P., Meinhardt, S.W., Rasmussen,
J.B., Xu, S.S., Oliver, R.P., Simons, K.J., Friesen,
T.L.: A unique wheat disease resistance-like gene
governs effector-triggered susceptibility to necrotrophic pathogens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 107
(2010) 13544-13549
Hoefle, C., Huesmann, C., Schultheiss, H., Börnke,
F., Hensel, G., Kumlehn, J., Hückelhoven, R.: A barley ROP GTPase ACTIVATING PROTEIN associates
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Plant Cell 23 (2011) 2422-2439
II. Schwerpunktthemen
24
2. PROFESSUR FÜR GRÜNLANDLEHRE
Department für Pflanzenwissenschaften
Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan der TU München
Der Klimawandel beeinflusst den Wasserhaushalt von Grasland
Schnyder H., Köhler I.H., Auerswald K.
Die rezente menschengemachte Klimaveränderung hat vielfache Auswirkungen auf die Vegetationsdecke und biogeochemische Stoffkreisläufe. Diese Veränderungen beinhalten den
atmosphärischen CO2 Anstieg, die globale Erwärmung und veränderte Niederschlagsregime
und die Wirkungen betreffen natürliche und
genutzte Ökosysteme, einschließlich Gras- und
Ackerland. Ein fundiertes Verständnis der Wirkungen hilft uns, künftige Änderungen zu prognostizieren und möglicherweise Handlungsoptionen aufzuzeigen.
Im Vorliegenden behandeln wir die Wirkungen
des Klimawandels im letzten Jahrhundert auf
die Wassernutzungseffizienz von Grasland der
humiden, warmgemäßigten Klimazone Europas.
Die Wassernutzungseffizienz der Vegetation
kann die Biomasseproduktion und den terrestrischen Wasserkreislauf beeinflussen. Im humiden Klima kann sie insbesondere auf die
Grundwasserneubildung und den kontinentalen
Abfluss einwirken. Unsere Untersuchungen
fanden auf einem Standort in Ostengland
(Rothamsted, Hertfordshire) und in den Berner
Alpen (Augstmatthorn) statt (Köhler et al. 2010;
Barbosa et al. 2010). Wir haben uns im Besonderen mit der ‚intrinsischen’ Wassernutzungseffizienz (Definition siehe Kasten 1) von Grasland
befasst und zeigen hier, dass der rezente Klimawandel auf beiden Standorten zu einer Zunahme dieses Effizienzparameters geführt hat.
Wir zeigen ebenfalls, dass die Wassernutzungseffizienz der Graslandvegetation durch
Isotopenanalysen
an
Gras
fressenden
(Nutz)Tieren rekonstruiert werden kann.
Kasten 1. Theorie: Der Zusammenhang zwischen der
13
Wassernutzungseffizienz
und
der
CDiskriminierung.
Die ‚effektive’ Wassernutzungseffizienz (Transpirationseffizienz) von Pflanzenblättern entspricht dem
Verhältnis von photosynthetischer CO2-Aufnahme
(Assimilation, A) zu H2O-Wasserdampfabgabe
(Transpiration, E). Beide Prozesse nutzen denselben
Pfad, die Stomataöffnungen. Die Transpiration ist
das Produkt von stomatärer Leitfähigkeit (gs) und
Wassersättigungsdefizit ( ). Für die effektive Wassernutzungseffizienz (We) gilt also
We 
A
A

E g s
.
(Gleichung 1)
Die ‚intrinsische’ Wassernutzungseffizienz (Wi) ist
definiert als
Wi 
A

gs
ca (1 
1,6
ci
)
ca
,
(Gleichung 2)
wobei ca die atmosphärische CO2-Konzentration
benennt und ci die CO2-Konzentration im substomatären Gasraum der Pflanzenblätter. Die Konstante
1,6 quantifiziert das Verhältnis der Diffusivitäten von
CO2 und Wasserdampf in Luft. Die intrinsische Wassernutzungseffizienz berücksichtigt das Wassersättigungsdefizit nicht; bzw. das Wassersättigungsdefizit
wird als Konstante mit dem Wert 1 gesetzt ( = 1).
Damit schätzt die intrinsische Wassernutzungseffizienz das Verhältnis von CO2-Aufnahme zu H2OWasserdampfabgabe bei einem standardisierten
Wassersättigungsdefizit. Der rechte Term in Gleichung 2 zeigt, dass die intrinsische Wassernutzungseffizienz durch die CO2-Konzentration der
Atmosphäre (ca) und die Konzentration von CO2 im
substomatären Gasraum relativ zur CO2 Konzentration der Atmosphäre (ci/ca) bestimmt ist. In C3Pflanzen – dazu gehören alle Bäume, sowie die Grasland- und Kulturpflanzen der gemäßigten und kalten
Klimazone – variiert ci/ca linear mit der photosynthetischen 13C-Diskriminierung (13Δ).
Die 13C-Diskriminierung beruht darauf, dass CO2 mit
dem schweren stabilen Kohlenstoffisotop 13C (13CO2)
bei der Photosynthese langsamer aufgenommen
wird als CO2 mit dem normalen Kohlenstoffisotop
25
12
C. Der exakte Betrag der 13C-Diskriminierung wird –
bei gegebener CO2-Konzentration der Atmosphäre –
durch das Verhältnis von Photosyntheseleistung zu
stomatärer Leitfähigkeit bestimmt. Dieser Sachverhalt beruht auf unterschiedlichen Isotopeneffekten
(Konstanten) bei der Diffusion durch die Stomata
(a=4,4‰) und der CO2-Fixierung durch Rubisco
(b=27‰) und unterschiedlichen relativen Limitierungen der Photosynthese durch die stomatäre Leitfähigkeit und Photosynthesekapazität. Es gilt also
  a  (b  a )
13
ci
ca
.
(Gleichung 3)
Somit kann das ci/ca-Verhältnis aus der 13CDiskriminierung berechnet werden. Zusammen mit
der CO2-Konzentration der Atmosphäre erhält man
dann die intrinsische Wassernutzungseffizienz. Sofern das Wassersättigungsdefizit der Atmosphäre
ebenfalls bekannt ist, kann auch die effektive Wassernutzungseffizienz quantifiziert werden (We =
Wi/ ; vergleiche Gleichung 1 und 2).
Die 13C-Diskriminierung (13Δ) erhält man wie folgt aus
den 13C-Analysenergebnissen

13
 13CCO 2   13CP
1   13CP
.
(Gleichung 4)
δ13CCO2 und δ13CP bezeichnen die relative Häufigkeit
von 13C im atmosphärischen CO2 und im Pflanzenmaterial.
Die intrinsische Wassernutzungseffizienz kann
aus der Kohlenstoffisotopenzusammensetzung
(13C-Signatur) von C3-Pflanzenbiomasse, und
der Konzentration und 13C-Signatur des atmosphärischen CO2 berechnet werden (siehe Kasten 1). Die Konzentration und 13C-Signatur des
CO2 sowie deren Entwicklung über die Zeit sind
aus Messungen der freien Atmosphäre sowie
Untersuchungen von Lufteinschlüssen in Eisbohrkernen gut bekannt. Zur Rekonstruktion
der intrinsischen Wassernutzungseffizienz benötigen wir zusätzlich 13C-Analysen von Graslandbiomasse aus den zurückliegenden Jahrzehnten.
Die Rekonstruktion der intrinsischen Wassernutzungseffizienz von Grasland über lange Zeiträume wird durch die Kurzlebigkeit der Graslandvegetation erschwert. Die verschiedenen
Pflanzenteile von Graslandpflanzen werden
kaum älter als 1 Jahr und nach ihrem Absterben
schnell zersetzt. Bei Bäumen ist die Situation
anders, denn sie ‚archivieren’ aktuell assimilierte Kohlenstoffverbindungen im Jahrring desselben Jahres. Somit kann aus 13C-Analysen der
Jahrringe alter Bäume die jahrhundertlange
Veränderung der intrinsischen Wassernutzungseffizienz dieser Bäume relativ bequem
rekonstruiert werden. Es erstaunt daher nicht,
dass frühere Untersuchungen der intrinsischen
Wassernutzungseffizienz fast ausschließlich an
Bäumen stattfanden. Diese belegen generell
eine markante Zunahme der intrinsischen Wassernutzungseffizienz im letzten Jahrhundert
(Penuelas et al. 2011). Die Zunahme der Wassernutzungseffizienz war meist nicht mit einer
entsprechenden Zunahme der Biomassezuwächse verbunden sondern mit einem verminderten Wasserverbrauch bzw. reduzierten
Transpirationsverlusten der Waldvegetation.
Graslandpflanzen – einschließlich der Getreidearten, die ebenfalls Gräser sind und ihre Evolution im Grasland vollzogen haben – besitzen
andere physiologisch-ökologische Eigenschaften als Bäume und ihre natürliche Ausbreitung
liegt in anderen bioklimatischen Regionen der
Erde. Daher stellt sich die Frage, ob die durch
den Klimawandel bedingte Änderung der intrinsischen Wassernutzungseffizienz von Graslandvegetation denselben Gesetzmäßigkeiten
folgt wie diejenige der Wälder.
Wegen der Kurzlebigkeit der Graslandvegetation sind Rekonstruktionen der intrinsischen
Wassernutzungseffizienz von Grasland auf besondere Archive angewiesen. Zu diesen zählen
Herbare, welche jedoch generell eine heterogene zeitlich-räumliche Repräsentierung aufweisen und die graslandtypische Veränderung der
Artenzusammensetzung bei veränderter Umwelt nicht abbilden. Einzigartig ist das Probenarchiv des Park Grass Experiments in
Rothamsted (Hertfordshire, Ostengland), welches in 1856 auf einer langjährig als Weide
genutzten Fläche angelegt wurde. Die Parzellen
des Park Grass Experiments werden jährlich
zweimal geschnitten. Heuproben werden in
einem eigenen Archiv aufbewahrt (Abb. 1 A).
Das Park Grass Experiment wurde ursprünglich
begonnen, um die Wirkungen verschiedener
Kombinationen von anorganischen und organischen Düngern auf den Heuertrag zu prüfen;
heute gilt er als einer der weltweit bedeutendsten Langzeitversuche zur natürlichen Selektion
und Biodiversität (Silvertown et al. 2006).
26
räumlich geordnet deponiert. 13C-Signaturen
entlang des Haars und Horns von Grasfressern
können daher hinsichtlich saisonaler und jährlicher Variationen der intrinsischen Wassernutzungseffizienz von Graslandvegetation interpretiert werden (Schnyder et al. 2006; Barbosa et
al. 2009, 2010).
Abb. 1 (B): Trophäe eines Steinbocks. Steinböcke
können bis zu ca. 20 Jahre alt werden und somit bis
zu 20 Jahrringe ausbilden. Die Hornspitze ist Teil des
ältesten Jahrrings (Bildquelle: Barbosa, I., TUM).
Abb. 1 (A): Probenarchiv des Park-GrassExperiments in Rothamsted, England. Man beachte
die Verschiedenheit der Probengefäße, welche im
Verlauf der letzten 150 Jahre verwendet wurden
(Bildquelle: Köhler, I.H., TUM)
Auch Gras fressende Tiere können als 13CArchiv des Graslandes dienen. Nach dem Prinzip „du bist was du isst“ nehmen sie die 13CSignatur des Graslandes mit dem Futter auf
und deponieren diese in den verschiedenen
Körpergeweben, z.B. in Form von Schafwolle
(Auerswald et al. 2009; Wittmer et al. 2010).
Insbesondere die Schwanzhaare von Rindern
(Schwertl et al. 2003; Schnyder et al. 2006) und
die Hörner von Steinböcken (Barbosa et al.
2009, Abb. 1 B) sind nahezu ideale Isotopenarchive, denn in ihnen wird die 13C-Signatur entlang der Wachstumsachse (Abb. 1 C) zeitlichII. Schwerpunktthemen
Abb. 1 (C): Detailansicht des Steinbockhorns mit
Kennzeichnung eines Jahresrings. Das distale Ende
des Rings wurde im Frühjahr gebildet, das basale
Ende im Herbst. Während des Winters ruht das
Hornwachstum (Bildquelle: Barbosa, I., TUM).
27
den diese Datenreihen über dieselben Zeiträume dargestellt (Abb. 4).
75
Weidevegetation
70
Haar
65
Abb. 3. Eine Gruppe männlicher Steinböcke auf dem
Augstmatthorn, Berner Alpen, Schweiz (Bildquelle:
Schnyder, H., TUM)
60
55
0
20
40
60
80
Aktuell pflanzenverfügbares Bodenwasser (mm)
Abb. 2: Intrinsische Wassernutzungseffizienz in Abhängigkeit des aktuell pflanzenverfügbaren Bodenwasservorrats. Ergebnisse aus Untersuchungen in
mehreren Jahren auf Weidekoppeln der Grünschwaige mit unterschiedlicher maximal pflanzenverfügbarer Bodenwasserkapazität (Schnyder et al. 2006).
Man beachte die gute Übereinstimmung der Schätzwerte aus Haar- und Vegetationsanalysen. Zur Methodik der Schätzung der intrinsischen Wassernutzungseffizienz, siehe Kasten 1.
Mit dem Wissen, dass Haar und Horn die intrinsische Wassernutzungseffizienz getreu reflektieren, untersuchten wir an Steinbockhörnern
mit Jahrring-13C-Analysen den Effekt des rezenten Klimawandels, insbesondere des CO2 Anstiegs, auf die intrinsische Wassernutzungseffizienz alpiner Matten in den Berner Alpen (Barbosa et al. 2010 und Abb. 3). Analoge Untersuchungen mit 13C-Analysen von Heuproben des
Park Grass-Probenarchivs gestatteten eine
Rekonstruktion der Veränderungen in der intrinsischen Wassernutzungseffizienz des Frühjahrund Herbstaufwuchses einer extensiv bewirtschafteten Graslandgemeinschaft in Ostengland (Köhler et al. 2010). Im Vorliegenden werII. Schwerpunktthemen
80
Intrinsische Wassernutzungseffizienz
-1
(mol mol )
Intrinsische Wassernutzungseffizienz
-1
(mol mol )
Untersuchungen in verschiedenen Jahren und
auf verschiedenen Weidekoppeln mit kontrastierender Nutzwasserkapazität auf der Versuchsstation Grünschwaige zeigten einen engen Zusammenhang mit der intrinsischen Wassernutzungseffizienz: je größer der Wasservorrat, desto ineffizienter nutzte die Vegetation das
aufgenommene Wasser (Abb. 2). Diese Untersuchungen bestätigten auch die Erwartung,
dass die 13C-Signatur in den Haaren der weidenden Rinder die intrinsische Wassernutzungseffizienz der Vegetation wahrheitsgetreu
abbildet, sofern bei der Auswertung eine
Trophiestufen-abhängige 13C-Verschiebung berücksichtigt wird (Schnyder et al. 2006; Männel
et al. 2007).
70
60
50
40
1940
1960
1980
2000
Jahr
Abb. 4: Veränderung der intrinsischen Wassernutzungseffizienz von Grasland: ●, alpine Matten am
Augstmatthorn; sowie ○, Frühjahrsaufwuchs und ▼,
Herbstaufwuchs im Park Grass Experiment. Die
intrinsische Wassernutzungseffizienz der alpinen
Matten wurde aus der 13C-Diskriminierung, gemessen an Steinbockhörnern, wie bei Barbosa et al.
(2009) beschrieben, rekonstruiert (siehe auch Kasten
1). Die Hörner stammten aus dem Archiv des Naturhistorischen Museums der Stadt Bern. Die Wassernutzungseffizienz im Park Grass Experiment wurde
28
ebenfalls mit Hilfe der 13C-Diskriminierung, gemessen
an Heuproben aus dem Park Grass Probenarchiv in
Rothamsted, geschätzt (Köhler et al. 2010). Alle
Heuproben stammten von der ungedüngten Variante
des Experiments.
In allen Fällen zeigen die Untersuchungsergebnisse bedeutende und signifikante Zunahmen
der
intrinsischen
Wassernutzungseffizienz
(+16% bis +19% zwischen 1938 und 2006).
Dieser Klimawandeleffekt auf die Wassernutzungseffizienz beruhte primär auf dem Anstieg
der atmosphärischen CO2 Konzentration und
zeigte sich vor dem Hintergrund starker jährlicher Variation. Diese Variation korrelierte eng
mit Jahresunterschieden im Niederschlag,
Wassersättigungsdefizit der Luft und aktuell
pflanzenverfügbaren Bodenwasservorrat (Köhler et al. 2010). Diese Effekte traten auch auf
den Weidekoppeln der Grünschwaige auf (Abb.
3).
Im gleichen Zeitraum nahm das atmosphärische
Wassersättigungsdefizit
auf
dem
Augstmatthorn, sowie während der SommerHerbst Monate in Rothamsted zu, so dass die
effektive Wassernutzungseffizienz unverändert
blieb (Barbosa et al. 2010; Köhler et al. 2010).
Im Frühjahr (Vegetationsbeginn bis Juni) blieb
das atmosphärische Wassersättigungsdefizit in
Rothamsted unverändert, so dass dort auch die
effektive Wassernutzungseffizienz um ca. 16%
zunahm. Die Erträge änderten sich jedoch
nicht. Diese Ergebnisse auf diesem Standort
deuten also auf einen im Frühjahr verminderten
Wasserverbrauch der Graslandvegetation und
gleichzeitig zunehmende Abflüsse (Oberflächenabfluss,
Zwischenabfluss
und/oder
Grundwasserneubildung).
Die Ergebnisse in Abb. 4 zeigen ähnliche Wirkungen des Klimawandels auf die intrinsische
Wassernutzungseffizienz. Bisher unveröffentlichte Ergebnisse deuten jedoch darauf hin,
dass sich dies nicht generalisieren lässt, sondern dass starke Interaktionen des Klimawandeleffekts mit Standortfaktoren und deren Auswirkungen auf die botanische Zusammensetzung von Graslandbeständen existieren. In gegenwärtigen Untersuchungen versuchen wir die
Ursachen dieser Interaktionen zu ergründen.
Literatur
Auerswald, K., Wittmer, M.H.O.M., Männel, T.T., Bai,
Y.F., Schäufele, R., Schnyder, H.: Large regionalscale variation in C3/C4 distribution pattern in Inner
Mongolia steppe is revealed by grazer wool carbon
isotope composition. Biogeosciences 6 (2009) 795–
805
Barbosa, I.C.R., Kley, M., Schäufele, R., Auerswald,
K., Schröder, W., Filli, F., Hertwig, S., Schnyder, H.:
Analysing the isotopic life history of the alpine ungulates Capra ibex and Rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra
through their horns. Rapid Communications in Mass
Spectrometry 23 (2009) 2347-2356
Barbosa, I.C.R., Köhler, I.H., Auerswald, K., Lüps, P.,
Schnyder, H.: Last-century changes of alpine grassland water-use efficiency - a reconstruction through
carbon isotope analysis of a time-series of Capra
ibex horns. Global Change Biology 16 (2010) 11711180
Köhler, I.H., Poulton, P.R., Auerswald, K., Schnyder,
H.: Intrinsic water-use efficiency of temperate seminatural grassland has increased since 1857: an
analysis of carbon isotope discrimination of herbage
from the Park Grass Experiment. Global Change
Biology 16 (2010) 1531-1541
Männel, T.T., Auerswald, K., Schnyder, H.: Altitudinal
gradients of grassland carbon and nitrogen isotope
composition are recorded in the hair of grazers.
Global Ecology and Biogeography 16 (2007) 583–592
Peñuelas, J., Canadell, J.G., Ogaya, R.: Increased
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Schnyder, H., Schwertl, M., Auerswald, K.,
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Schäufele, R., Schnyder, H.: Changes in the abundance of C3/C4 species of Inner Mongolia grassland:
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29
3. PROFESSUR FÜR TIERHYGIENE
Department für Tierwissenschaften
Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan der Technischen Universität München
Mykotoxine in Silagen
Bauer J., Meyer K.
Da Silagen in der Ernährung landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere eine zentrale Rolle einnehmen,
ist auf deren Qualität besonders zu achten.
Diese bezieht sich jedoch nicht allein auf die
Nährstoffzusammensetzung, sondern im Hinblick auf die Tiergesundheit auch auf den Hygienestatus. Eine mangelhafte Silier- und Lagerungstechnik verursacht häufig einen starken
Befall der Silagen mit Schimmelpilzen; dies
kann zu einer Kontamination mit Mykotoxinen
führen. Andererseits sind die Vorteile dieser
Konservierungstechnik nicht von der Hand zu
weisen: Weitestgehend witterungsunabhängige
Gewinnung des Siliergutes, geringer Futterwertverlust, ganzjährige Verfügbarkeit und einfache Technik haben dafür gesorgt, dass Grasund Maissilagen zu festen Bestandteilen der
Rinderfütterung geworden sind. Die Art der
Herstellung (Zerkleinerung und Pressen des
Siliergutes, Schaffung anaerober Verhältnisse)
sorgt für die Bildung eines speziellen mikrobiellen Ökosystems, das das Wachstum bzw. das
Überleben von bestimmten Mikroorganismen
begünstigt. Dies trifft auch für bestimmte Pilzarten zu, die niedrige pH-Werte, hohen CO2Patialdruck und sauerstoffarmes Milieu tolerieren. Hierzu zählen neben Hefen bestimmte
Schimmelpilzarten wie Aspergillus fumigatus,
Penicillium roqueforti, und Monascus ruber.
Dringt Sauerstoff in das Silo ein, dann können
sich diese Arten explosionsartig vermehren und
biologisch aktive Stoffwechselprodukte bilden.
Vor allem aus diesem Grund unterscheidet sich
das in Silagen anzutreffende Mykotoxinspektrum von demjenigen in Kraftfuttermitteln.
Zwar können auch die von Feldpilzen der Gattung Fusarium gebildeten Toxine (z.B. Deoxynivalenol, Zearalenon) in Silage gefunden werden,
meist dominieren jedoch Stoffwechselprodukte
der „silagetypischen“ Schimmelpilze.
Bei der Untersuchung von 584 Silageproben
bayerischer Herkunft auf 37 Pilzstoffwechselprodukte wurde in 410 Proben mindestens eine
dieser Verbindungen nachgewiesen (Abb. 1;
Ostertag, 2010). Die Proben wurden dabei in
„verpilzt“ (grobsinnliche Beurteilung), „erwärmt“
(Temperatursonden bzw. Wärmebilder (Abb. 2)
und „normal“ vorselektiert.
Abb. 1: Relative Häufigkeiten des gleichzeitigen
Nachweises mehrerer Stoffwechselmetaboliten von
Schimmelpilzen in Gras- und Maissilagen unterschiedlicher Qualitäten
Abb. 2: Wärmebild eines geöffneten Fahrsilos (Bild:
H. Spiekers, LfL)
Erwartungsgemäß wiesen vorrangig erwärmte
und verpilzte Silagen eine Vielzahl von Mykotoxinen in teilweise beträchtlichen Konzentrationen auf. Dabei handelte es sich vor allem um
Roquefortin C (bis zu 12,9 mg/kg), Mykophenolsäure (bis zu 21,4 mg/kg) und Monacolin K
(bis zu 54,6 mg/kg). Darüber hinaus wurden u.a.
Gliotoxin (bis zu 0,5 mg/kg), Verruculogen (0,5
mg/kg), Fumitremorgen B und C (bis zu 2,1
30
bzw. 0,5 mg/kg), TR-2 Toxin (bis zu 0,7 mg/kg),
Fumigaclavin C (bis zu 18,8 mg/kg), Fumagillin
(bis zu 1,7 mg/kg), Trypacidin (bis zu 3,5
mg/kg), Fumiquinazolin D (bis zu bis zu 9,9
mg/kg) und Pyripyropen (bis zu 3,5 mg/kg)
nachgewiesen (Abb. 3).
Abb. 3: LC-MSMS-Chromatogramm einer natürlich
kontaminierten Maissilage
Eine Einschätzung der gesundheitlichen Bedeutung dieser Ergebnisse ist aufgrund der wenigen toxikologischen Daten, speziell für Wiederkäuer, nur begrenzt möglich.
So bestätigten sich die Angaben zur Toxizität
von Roquefortin C aus Studien, welche mit
Mäusen durchgeführt wurden (Arnold et al.,
1978) in einem mit Schafen durchgeführten
Fütterungsversuch nicht (Tüller et al., 1998). Die
hierbei gewonnenen Daten zeigten, dass praxisrelevante Roquefortin C-Mengen (25 mg/kg
Silage) keine akuttoxischen Symptome beim
Schaf hervorrufen. Auch wurden keinerlei Anzeichen einer Beeinträchtigung des Reproduktionsgeschehens oder Veränderungen von
Hormonprofilen festgestellt. Der einzige Effekt,
der beobachtet werden konnte, war ein Abfall
des pH-Wertes des Pansensaftes. Dies dürfte
vermutlich auf die antibiotischen Eigenschaften
von Roquefortin C zurückzuführen sein. Da
säurebildende Bakterien zur Pansenflora gehören, könnte eine Begünstigung dieser Gattungen zu einem Absinken des pH-Wertes führen.
Neben der Gefährdung der Tiergesundheit sind
bei Mykotoxinen jedoch auch das Ausmaß des
Übergangs der Substanzen in tierische Gewebe
(„carry over“) zu beachten, wodurch die Sicherheit des Lebensmittels tierischen Ursprungs für
den Verbraucher beeinträchtigt werden könnte.
Es besteht kein Zweifel, dass ein „carry over“
von Roquefortin C in essbare Gewebe stattfindet, allerdings waren die gefundenen Roquefortin-C-Mengen als gering einzustufen; so sind
zum Beispiel in Blauschimmelkäsen deutlich
höhere Roquefortin C-Konzentrationen nachzuweisen (Finoli et al., 2001).
Einige der in Silage bestimmbaren Substanzen
sind weniger als Mykotoxine, sondern vielmehr
aufgrund ihrer pharmakologischen Wirksamkeit
bekannt. So weist die Mykophenolsäure eine
relativ geringe akute Toxizität auf, doch liegt die
Besonderheit in ihrer immunsuppressiven Wirkung, sie vermag also das Immunsystem von
Säugetieren zu schwächen (Allison und Eugui,
2000). Dieser Effekt wird in der Humanmedizin
zur Vermeidung von Abstoßungsreaktion nach
Organtransplantationen ausgenutzt, indem Patienten Mykophenolsäure-haltige Medikamente
verabreicht werden. Bei Mykophenolsäure handelt es sich also um ein hochwirksames Immunsuppressivum, das natürlicherweise in Silagen vorkommt. Berücksichtigt man, dass
Rinder bis zu 25 kg Silage pro Tag fressen, so
errechnet sich aus den dargelegten Ergebnissen eine tägliche Dosis von 1,8 bis 2,0 mg/kg
Körpergewicht. Dieser Wert entspricht immerhin einem Zehntel der beim Menschen zur Verhinderung der Transplantatabstoßung empfohlenen Dosierung. Es ist daher durchaus anzunehmen, dass beim landwirtschaftlichen Nutztier die Verfütterung Mykophenolsäure-haltiger
Silagen die Entstehung von Infektionskrankheiten durch Unterdrückung der Immunabwehr
begünstigen kann. Eine Beeinträchtigung des
Allgemeinbefindens konnte nach 44-tägiger
oraler Verabreichung von bis zu 5 mg Mykophenolsäure pro kg Körpergewicht und Tag
bei Schafen nicht beobachtet werden (Mohr et
al., 2007), allerdings wurde bei der höchsten
Dosierung eine Schrumpfung der Thymusläppchen festgestellt, und im Ileum nahm die Anzahl
IgG- und IgM-positiver Plasmazellen mit zunehmender Dosis ab (Baum et al., 2005). Darüber hinaus wurde eine Beeinflussung der Expression des Fc-Rezeptors und des Polymerischen Immunglobulin-Rezeptors in unterschiedlichen Geweben beobachtet (Dzidic et
al., 2004).
Eine weitere pharmakologisch bedeutsame
Substanz, die natürlicherweise in Silagen vorkommt, ist das Monacolin K. Diese Verbindung
wird von dem häufig in Silagen anzutreffenden
"Rotschimmel" Monascus ruber gebildet. Die
Bedeutung des Vorkommens von Monacolin K
in Silagen für die Gesundheit und Leistungsfähigkeit von Wiederkäuern ist bislang weitestgehend unklar. Monacolin K wird in der Humanmedizin als Cholesterinsynthesehemmer therapeutisch angewendet. Cholesterin stellt eine
Vorläufersubstanz der Steroidbiosynthese dar.
31
Da Wiederkäuer Cholesterin nicht mit der Nahrung aufnehmen, ist davon auszugehen, dass
eine Hemmung der Cholesterin-Synthese zu
einem Absinken des Cholesterinspiegels führt,
woraus vermutlich reproduktionsbiologische
Probleme resultieren. Epidemiologische Untersuchungen in den USA haben gezeigt, dass
eine niedrige Cholesterinkonzentration im Blut
mit einer schlechten Herdenfruchtbarkeit korreliert (Burke et al., 2001). Darüber hinaus hemmt
Monacolin K die Vermehrung anaerober Pansenpilze (z.B. Neocallimastix sp.). Da diese am
Abbau der Rohfaser beteiligt sind (Orpin und
Joblin, 1997), ist eine Beeinträchtigung der
Pansenfunktion zu erwarten.
Zur Bedeutung der zahlreichen Sekundärmetaboliten des Schimmelpilzes Aspergillus fumigatus auf die Gesundheit landwirtschaftlicher
Nutztiere liegen bisher nur sehr wenige Daten
vor. Das an anderen Spezies beobachtete Potential dieser Substanzen ist allerdings sehr
vielfältig, hierzu zählen u.a. neurotoxische, antimyzetische, zytotoxische, immunsuppressive,
antiprotozoische, antiangiogenetische und tremorgene Effekte (Cole und Kirksey, 1973,
Braithwaite et al., 1987, Gutteridge et al., 1969,
Wu et al., 2005, Lalitkumar et al., 2000, Snider
und Zeng, 2003, Springer, 1979).
Insgesamt sollte jedoch nicht vergessen werden, dass eine toxikologische Einschätzung
dieser Einzelsubstanzen nur sehr bedingt die
Realität widerspiegelt. Die Auswertung der Daten zeigt, dass vor allem in erwärmten und verpilzten Proben mit dem Vorkommen einer großen Anzahl verschiedener Pilzstoffwechselprodukte, in vorliegenden Untersuchungen bis zu
27, gerechnet werden kann (Abb. 3). Wie diese
Gemische an Wirkstoffen die Gesundheit von
Wiederkäuern beeinflussen, ist aufgrund des
derzeitigen Wissensstands nicht zu beurteilen.
Da aber eher mit gesundheitsschädigenden als
mit gesundheitsförderlichen Effekten zu rechnen ist, sollte in der landwirtschaftlichen Praxis
größte Sorgfalt auf die Verhinderung des
Wachstums von Schimmelpilzen in der Silage
und in anderen Futtermitteln gelegt werden.
Danksagung
Besonderer Dank gilt Herrn Dr. Spiekers (Institut für
Tierernährung und Futterwirtschaft der Bayerischen
Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft) für die gute Zusammenarbeit.
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Allison, A.C. Eugui, E.M.: Mycophenolate mofetil and
its mechanisms of action. Immunopharmacology 47
(2000) 85-118
Arnold, D.L., Scott, P.M., McGuire, P.F., Harwig, J.,
Nera, E.A.: Acute toxicity studies on roquefortine and
PR toxin, metabolites of Penicillium roqueforti, in the
mouse. Food Cosmet.Toxicol. 16 (4) (1978) 369-37
Baum, B., Mohr, A., Pfaffl, M., Bauer, J., HewickerTrautwein, M.: Morphological findings in lymphatic
tissues of sheep following oral application of the
immunosuppressive mycotoxin mycophenolic acid.
Mycopathologia 160 (2005) 167-75
Braithwaite, A.W., Eichner, R.D., Waring, P., Mullbacher, A.: The immunomodulating agent gliotoxin
causes genomic DNA fragmentation. Mol.Immunol.
24 (1987) 47-55
Burke, J.M., Rorie, R.W., Piper, E.L., Jackson, W.G.:
Reproductive responses to grazing endophyteinfected tall fescue by post partum beef cows.
Theriogenology 56 (2001) 357-369
Cole, R.J., Kirksey, J.W.: The mycotoxin verruculogen: a 6-O-Methylindole. J Agric. Food Chem. 21
(1973) 927-929
Dzidic, A., Mohr, A., Meyer, K., Bauer, J., Meyer,
H.H., Pfaffl, M.W.: Effects of mycophenolic acid
(MPA) treatment on expression of Fc receptor (FcRn)
and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR)
mRNA in adult sheep tissues. Croat. Med. J. 45
(2004) 130-135
Finoli, C., Vecchio, A., Galli, A., Dragoni, I.: Roquefortine C occurrence in blue cheese. J Food Prot. 64
(2001) 246-51
Gutteridge, W.E., Knowler, J., Coombes, J.D.:
Growth of Trypanosoma cruzi in human heart tissue
cells and effects of aminonucleoside of puromycin,
trypacidin and aminopterin. J. Protozool. 16 (1969)
521-525
Lalitkumar, P.G., Sengupta, J., Dhawan, L., Sharma,
D.N., Lasley, B.L., Overstreet, J.W., Ghosh, D.: Antinidatory effect of vaginally administered fumagillin in
the rhesus monkey. Contraception 62 (2000) 155-159
Mohr, A., Lorenz, I., Baum. B., Hewicker-Trautwein,
M., Pfaffl, M., Dzidic, A., Meyer, H.H., Bauer, J.,
Meyer, K.: Influence of oral application of mycophenolic acid on the clinical health status of sheep. J.
Vet. Med. A Physiol. Pathol. Clin. Med. 54 (2007) 7681
Orpin, C.G., Joblin, K.N.: The rumen anaerobic fungi.
In: Hobson, P.N., Steward, C.S. (eds): The rumen
32
microbial ecosystem. Elsevier Applied Sciences
(1997) 140-195
Ostertag, J. (2010): Nachweis und Vorkommen von
Aspergillus fumigatus Toxinen in Gras- und Maissilagen. Dissertationsschrift, Technische Universität
München
Schukking, S.: The history of silage making. Stikstof,
19 (1976) 2-11
Snider, B.B., Zeng, H.: Total synthesis of (-)fumiquinazolines A, B, C, E, H, and I. Approaches to
the synthesis of fiscalin A. J Org. Chem. 68 (2003)
545-563
Springer, J.P.: The absolute configuration of nortryptoquivaline. Tetrahedron Letters 20 (1979) 339-342
Tüller, G., Armbruster, G., Wiedenmann, S.,
Hänichen, T., Schams, D., Bauer, J.: Occurrence of
roquefortine in silage – toxicological relevance to
sheep. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 80 (1998) 246249
Wu, X.F., Fei, M.J., Shu, R.G., Tan, R.X., Xu, Q.:
Fumigaclavine C, an fungal metabolite, improves
experimental colitis in mice via downregulating Th1
cytokine production and matrix metalloproteinase
activity. Int. Immunopharmacol. 5 (2005) 1543-1553
33
III. Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen
PROFESSUR FÜR PHYSIOLOGIE
Irrespective of floor type, the slots (2.6 ± 0.1)
were dirtier than the slats (1.6 ± 0.1). In conclusion, covering slatted concrete flooring with
slatted rubber mats partially impaired hoof
health but did not influence skin lesions or the
dirtiness of the cows or the floor. Similar results
were found for climatic conditions, as ammonia
gas concentration was not affected, but absolute humidity increased in the barn when rubber
mats were present.
Changes in hoof health and animal hygiene
in a dairy herd after covering concrete slatted floor with slatted rubber mats: A case
study
Ahrens, F., Platz, S., Link, C., Mahling, M.,
Meyer, H.H.D., Erhard, M.H.: J Dairy Sci. 94
(2011) 2341-50
Expression of immune relevant genes in pigs
under the influence of low doses of deoxynivalenol (DON)
Becker, C., Reiter, M., Pfaffl, M.W., Meyer
H.H.D., Bauer, J., Meyer, K.: Mycotoxin Research 27 (2011) 287-293
1. Veröffentlichungen
in referierten Zeitschriften
Department Tierwissenschaften
der TU München
The objective was to investigate the effect of
changing the flooring in the alleys of a barn
from slatted concrete to slatted rubber mats on
hoof disorders and animal hygiene in 44 loosehoused Brown Swiss dairy cows. Cows were
examined for disorders of the hind hooves
(hemorrhages, white line fissures, ulcers, heel
horn erosion, and digital dermatitis) and for skin
lesions. The dirtiness of the animals and of the
floor was recorded. Climatic (temperature, humidity) and ammonia gas conditions were
measured. Evaluations were carried out when
the cows were housed on a concrete slatted
floor and after 4 and 10 mo on soft flooring
(slatted rubber mats, 29-mm thick). The anatomical portion of claw (medial, lateral), number
of lactations (parity), and days in milk were included as covariates in the statistical model.
Changing the flooring from slatted concrete to
slatted rubber mats increased the score for
white line fissures [1.0 ± 0.3 (concrete) vs.
2.5 ± 0.4 (10 mo rubber mats)] and influenced
air humidity (i.e., the difference in the absolute
humidity between the inside and outside of the
barn
increased
from
1.5 ± 0.1
to
1.7 ± 0.2 g/m3), whereas the other hoof disorders, skin lesions (score of 8.7 ± 0.3), the dirtiness of the animals (score of 5.9 ± 0.3), and the
floor (score of 2.1 ± 0.1), and ammonia gas
concentration (2.6 ± 0.3 mg/kg) were not affected (overall scores or measures; mean ± SE).
Lateral claws were more affected (except for
heel horn erosion) than medial claws (estimated
effects between 1.3 ± 0.2 and 3.0 ± 0.6). Parity
influenced hoof disorders (except for hemorrhages) and skin lesions (estimated effects between −0.6 ± 0.3 and 0.5 ± 0.2). Days in milk
influenced hoof disorders, but had no effect on
skin lesions and on the dirtiness of the animal.
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most common Fusarium toxins in animal feed and poses
a potential risk especially for monogastric animals like pigs. DON is known to modulate the
immune system, dependent on dose and frequency of exposure. The aim of the study was
to investigate the effects of chronic exposure to
low levels of DON on the expression of immune
relevant genes. In a feeding trial (84 days), 20
pigs were assigned equally to a control and a
treatment group. The DON-content of the contaminated diet was 1.2 mg/kg from day 1 to 41,
from day 42 it was elevated to 2.0 mg/kg. The
control group (n=10) was fed a diet with a DON
concentration lower than 0.05 mg/kg. Blood
samples were taken over the course of the
study and ileum samples were taken at slaughter. Gene expression measurement was done
using real-time RT-qPCR. For target genes,
those cytokines were chosen, which were estimated to be implicated in the modulation of the
immune system induced by DON ingestion. In
ileum, significant down-regulations could be
observed for IL-1β and IL-8 (p<0.05). Most significant regulations in blood could be detected
on day 45 after increasing the dietary DON
content in the experimental diet. Herein, downregulations of IL-1β, IL-8 and TNFα were demonstrated. In conclusion, the present study
provides data concerning chronic application of
DON in low doses, as little is known in this
area. Down-regulations of immune-related transcription factors and pro-inflammatory immune
factors could be demonstrated.
37
Influence of anabolic combinations of an
androgen plus an estrogen on biochemical
pathways in bovine uterine endometrium
and ovary
Becker, C., Riedmaier, I., Reiter, M., Tichopad,
A., Groot, M.J., Stolker, A.A.M., Pfaffl, M.W.,
Nielen, M.F.W., Meyer, H.H.D.: Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 125
(2011) 192-201
The application of anabolic steroids in food
producing animals is forbidden in the EU since
1988, but the abuse of such drugs is a potential
problem. The existing test systems are based
on known compounds and can be eluded by
newly emerging substances. The examination
of physiological effects of anabolic hormones
on different tissues to indirectly detect misuse
might overcome this problem. Two studies
were conducted with post-pubertal 24-months
old Nguni heifers and pre-pubertal female 2-4
weeks old Holstein Friesian calves, respectively. The animals of the accordant treatment
groups were administered combinations of
estrogenic and androgenic compounds. The
measurement of the gene expression pattern
was undertaken with RT-qPCR. Target genes of
different functional groups (receptors, angiogenesis, steroid synthesis, proliferation, apoptosis, nutrient metabolism and others) have
been quantified. Several biochemical pathways
were shown to be influenced by anabolic
treatment. Both studies identified significant
regulations in steroid and growth factor receptors (AR, ERβ, LHR, FSHR, Flt-1, PR, IGF-1R,
Alk-6), angiogenic and tissue remodeling factors (VEGFs, FGFs, BMPs, ANGPT-2, MMPs,
TIMP-2, CTSB), steroid synthesis (S5A1,
HSD17, CYP19A1), proliferation (TNFα, IGF-1,
IGFBPs, p53, c-fos; CEBPD, c-kit), apoptosis
(CASP3, FasL, p53) and others (C7, INHA,
STAR). Several genes were regulated to opposite directions in post-pubertal compared to
pre-pubertal animals. PCA for Nguni heifers
demonstrated a distinct separation between the
control and the treatment group. In conclusion,
anabolics modify hormone sensitivity and steroid synthesis, and they induce proliferative
effects in the whole reproductive tract (uterus
and ovary) as well as anti-angiogenic effects in
the ovary. However, the extent will depend on
the developmental stage of the animals.
Changes in the miRNA profile under the influence of anabolic steroids in bovine liver
Becker, C., Riedmaier, I., Reiter, M., Tichopad,
A., Pfaffl, M.W., Meyer, H.H.D.: Analyst 136
(2011) 1204-1209
miRNAs are regulatory RNA molecules. The
analytical interest rose over the past 10 years
especially in clinical diagnostics as miRNAs
show specific expression patterns in several
human diseases like diabetes or cancer. Therefore, it is expected that miRNA profiles might
be used as biomarkers in early diagnosis. The
idea of establishing biomarkers is also present
in veterinary drug analysis, e.g. in the surveillance of illegal use of anabolics. Transcriptomics is a promising approach in the detection of
anabolics misuse. However, miRNA expression
patterns have shown their superiority over
mRNA patterns in clinical diagnostics. Thus, the
influence of anabolic steroids on miRNA expression in bovine liver should be investigated
and an expression pattern should be validated,
which might be used as a treatment biomarker.
An animal experiment was conducted with 18
heifers equally allocated to a control and a
treatment group, which was implanted with
TBA plus E2. Liver samples were screened for
miRNA expression using PCR arrays. Expression of 11 prominent miRNAs was validated via
single assay qPCR. Herein, the following expression pattern could be found with an upregulation of miR-29c and miR-103 and a
down-regulation of miR-34a, miR-181c, miR20a and miR-15a (p < 0.05 each). Using principal components analysis (PCA), the control
group could clearly be distinguished from the
treatment group, when integrating gene expression results from both miRNA and mRNA.
So, the combination of different transcribed
targets (mRNA plus miRNA) might be a promising approach to find a valid expression pattern
to be used for anabolic treatment screening.
Comparative expression profiling of E. coli
and S. aureus inoculated primary mammary
gland cells sampled from cows with different
genetic predispositions for somatic cell
score
Brand, B., Hartmann, A., Repsilber, D., Griesbeck-Zilch, B., Wellnitz, O., Kuhn, C., Ponsuksili, S., Meyer, H.H.D., Schwerin, M.: Genetics
Selection Evolution (2011) 43:24
BACKGROUND: During the past ten years
many quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting mastitis incidence and mastitis related traits like
38
somatic cell score (SCS) were identified in cattle. However, little is known about the molecular
architecture of QTL affecting mastitis susceptibility and the underlying physiological mechanisms and genes causing mastitis susceptibility. Here, a genome-wide expression analysis
was conducted to analyze molecular mechanisms of mastitis susceptibility that are affected
by a specific QTL for SCS on Bos taurus autosome 18 (BTA18). Thereby, some first insights
were sought into the genetically determined
mechanisms of mammary gland epithelial cells
influencing the course of infection.
METHODS: Primary bovine mammary gland
epithelial cells (pbMEC) were sampled from the
udder parenchyma of cows selected for high
and low mastitis susceptibility by applying a
marker-assisted selection strategy considering
QTL and molecular marker information of a
confirmed QTL for SCS in the telomeric region
of BTA18. The cells were cultured and subsequently inoculated with heat-inactivated mastitis pathogens Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. After 1, 6 and 24
h, the cells were harvested and analyzed using
the microarray expression chip technology to
identify differences in mRNA expression profiles
attributed to genetic predisposition, inoculation
and cell culture.
RESULTS: Comparative analysis of coexpression profiles clearly showed a faster and
stronger response after pathogen challenge in
pbMEC from less susceptible animals that inherited the favorable QTL allele 'Q' than in
pbMEC from more susceptible animals that
inherited the unfavorable QTL allele 'q'. Furthermore, the results highlighted RELB as a
functional and positional candidate gene and
related non-canonical Nf-kappaB signaling as a
functional mechanism affected by the QTL.
However, in both groups, inoculation resulted in
up-regulation of genes associated with the
Ingenuity pathways 'dendritic cell maturation'
and 'acute phase response signaling', whereas
cell culture affected biological processes involved in 'cellular development'.
CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the
complex expression profiling of pathogen challenged pbMEC sampled from cows inheriting
alternative QTL alleles is suitable to study genetically determined molecular mechanisms of
mastitis susceptibility in mammary epithelial
cells in vitro and to highlight the most likely
functional pathways and candidate genes underlying the QTL effect.
Primer Sequence Disclosure: A Clarification
of the MIQE Guidelines
Bustin, S.A., Benes, V., Garson, J.A., Hellemans, J., Huggett, J., Kubista, M., Mueller, R.,
Nolan, T., Pfaffl, M.W., Shipley, G.L., Vandesompele, J., Wittwer, C.T.: Clin Chem. 57
(2011) 919-921
The publication of the minimum information for
the publication of real-time quantitative PCR
experiments (MIQE) guidelines has turned out
be a defining event in the maturing of qPCR
technology. The response from instrument and
reagent manufacturers has been universally
positive; there has been extensive publicity in
print, online and at scientific meetings. Scientific journals are beginning to take note and
hence the citations of the MIQE paper are accelerating.
Most discussion involves the stipulation for
primer sequence disclosure. Commercial qPCR
assays are often not supplied with the
primer/probe sequences, since most vendors
choose not to disclose this information for
commercial reasons. This is creating problems
as it results in publications that cannot satisfy
current MIQE requirements and limits the universal acceptance of MIQE. Consequently, we
propose a pragmatic amendment of the original
guidelines to require “EITHER primer sequences OR amplicon context sequence”,
based on our assessment that in the absence
of full primer sequence disclosure it is possible
to achieve an adequate level of transparency,
but only if there is an appropriate level of background information and disclosure of validation
results on the qPCR assay.
Consequently, if primer sequences are not disclosed, a MIQE-compliant publication should
provide the individual assay ID provided by the
commercial vendor, or alternatively the specific
amplicon context sequence for the qPCR assay. Preferably, this information is obtained
from sequencing the target PCR amplicon;
alternatively, it could be supplied by the vendor
or approximated by the authors.
MIQE aims to improve the transparency and
hence the reproducibility of published qPCR
assays by detailing minimum requirements;
crucially, minimum does not mean ideal. The
original stipulation of primer sequence disclosure as “essential” remains our ideal and is
strongly recommended for precise measurements or where qPCR forms a major part of the
published study. Greater transparency in scientific research is always better, and for qPCR
this includes primer and probe sequences.
Nevertheless, given commercial reality, we felt
39
it sensible to modify the minimum sequence
requirements. We hope these “revised MIQE
Guidelines” will enhance their appeal and universality without compromising the importance
of MIQE as a set of standards that is beginning
to achieve acceptance in the scientific community.
Diurnal pattern of melatonin in blood and
milk of dairy cows
Castro, N., Spengler, M.; Lollivier, V., Wellnitz,
O., Meyer, H.H.D., Bruckmaier, R.M.: Milchwissenschaft 66 (2011) 352-353
The aim of the present study was to evaluate
the diurnal rhythm of melatonin concentration in
blood and milk of dairy cows. Blood was sampled and the entire milk was removed every
hour and melatonin concentration was measured throughout 24 hours in June in 12 dairy
cows (around 16 hours daylight). Both, blood
plasma and milk melatonin concentration
showed a diurnal pattern with high levels during
scotoperiod and low levels during photoperiod.
Average blood plasma melatonin was 16.2±2.3
pg/mL during the photoperiod (0800-2200h),
started to increase at 2100h, and reached a
plateau at 2300h (16.0±4.4 pg/mL). Peak concentration was reached at 0100h (25.4±5.6
pg/mL). At 0700h melatonin decreased to baseline level again. The melatonin pattern in milk
paralleled the pattern in blood. However, the
concentration of melatonin was much lower in
milk than in blood with a maximum concentration of 2.9±0.6 pg/mL at all tested time points.
Bovine colostrum: determination of naturally
occurring steroid hormones by Liquid
Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)
Farke, C., Rattenberger, E., Roiger, S.U.,
Meyer, H.H.D.: Journal of Agricultural and Food
Chemistry 59 (2011) 1423-1427
The aim of this study was to collect further data
about levels of endogenous hormones in foodstuffs derived from animal production. Because
of expected higher concentrations of especially
estrogens in colostrum compared to other
foodstuffs, our investigation focused on this
matrix. For evaluation of endogenous steroid
hormones in separated colostrum (fat and defatted fraction) and colostrum powder, the relevant free and conjugated estrogens (estradiol17β, estradiol-17α, estrone, and estriol) androgens (androstendione, 19nor-androstendione,
40
19nor-testosterone-17β,
19nor-testosterone17α, testosterone-17β, and testosterone-17α),
and progesterone were determined by means
of liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (LC−MS/MS). Upmost determined
concentrations were found in the fat fraction,
with 25.56 and 7.59 μg/L for estrone and androstendione, respectively. In defatted milk and
colostrum powder, conjugated estrogens
dominated, whereas total (free and conjugated)
estrone (5.51 μg/L; 15.0 μg/kg) exceeded estradiol-17α (2.66 μg/L; 7.5 μg/kg) and estradiol17β (2.28 μg/L; 3.3 μg/kg). Neither 19norsteroids nor estriol were detected in colostrum
fractions or processed colostrum.
Immunological mechanisms to establish
embryo tolerance in early bovine pregnancy
Groebner, A.E., Schulke, K., Schefold, J.C.,
Fusch, G., Sinowatz, F., Reichenbach, H.D.,
Wolf, E., Meyer, H.H.D., Ulbrich, S.E.: Reprod
Fertil Dev. 23 (2011) 619-632
A well-balanced immunological interaction between mother and the semi-allogenic embryo is
of particular importance. The objective of the
present study was to analyse mechanisms of
immune tolerance in bovine pregnancy during
peri-implantation. Simmental heifers inseminated with either cryopreserved spermatozoa
or seminal plasma were killed 12, 15 or 18 days
after oestrus. Uteri were flushed for the recovery of conceptuses and the ipsilateral intercaruncular endometrium was sampled for gene
expression
analysis.
Indoleamine
2,3dioxygenase (IDO) mRNA, coding for the initial
enzyme of the kynurenine pathway, was 18-fold
(P < 0.001) more abundant in the endometrium
of Day 18 pregnant v. non-pregnant animals.
Tandem mass spectrometry revealed a decrease of endometrial l-tryptophan (P = 0.0008),
but an increase of l-kynurenine concentration (P
= 0.005) from Day 12 to Day 18, suggesting
increasing IDO activity (P < 0.03). An in vitro
coculture model of endometrial cells showed an
induction of IDO expression following interferon-τ exposure primarily in stroma cells,
which was confirmed by in situ hybridisation
localising IDO mRNA mainly in deep stroma
cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed
fewer CD45-positive leucocytes in the zona
basalis of pregnant animals. Elevated IDO activity may reduce the presence of leucocytes in
the pregnant endometrium, providing a possible mechanism for protecting the semiallogenic conceptus from maternal rejection.
Increase of essential amino acids in the bovine uterine lumen during preimplantation
development
Groebner, A.E., Rubio-Aliaga, I., Schulke, K.,
Reichenbach, H.D., Daniel, H., Wolf, E., Meyer,
H.H.D., Ulbrich, S.E.: Reproduction 141 (2011)
685-695
Amino acids (AAs) are crucial for the developing
conceptus prior to implantation. To provide
insights into the requirements of the bovine
embryo, we determined the AA composition of
the uterine fluid. At days 12, 15, and 18 postestrus, the uteri of synchronized pregnant and
non-pregnant Simmental heifers were flushed
for the analysis of 41 AAs and their derivatives
by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The ipsilateral endometrium was
sampled for quantitative PCR. In addition to a
pregnancy-dependent increase of the essential
AAs (P<0.01), we detected elevated concentrations for most non-essential proteinogenic AAs.
Histidine (His) and the expression of the
His/peptide transporter solute carrier 15A3
(SLC15A3) were significantly increased at day
18 of pregnancy in vivo. In addition, SLC15A3
was predominantly stimulated by trophoblastderived interferon-τ in stroma cells of an in vitro
co-culture model of endometrial cells. Our results show an increased concentration of AAs
most likely to optimally provide the elongating
pre-attachment conceptus with nutrients.
Reduced amino acids in the bovine uterine
lumen of cloned versus in vitro fertilized
pregnancies prior to implantation
Groebner, A.E., Zakhartchenko, V., Bauersachs,
S., Rubio-Aliaga, I., Daniel, H., Büttner, M.,
Reichenbach, H.D., Meyer, H.H.D., Wolf, E.,
Ulbrich, S.E.: Cell Reprogram. 13 (2011) 403410
Fetal overgrowth and placental abnormalities
frequently occur in pregnancies following somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). An optimal
intrauterine supply of amino acids (AA) is of
specific importance for the development of the
bovine preimplantation embryo, and a defective
regulation of AA supply might contribute to
pregnancy failures. Thus, we analyzed 41 AA
and derivatives by liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry in uterine flushings
of day 18 pregnant heifers carrying in vitro fertilized (IVF) or SCNT embryos, which were cultured under identical conditions until transfer to
recipients. The concentrations of several AA
were reduced in samples from SCNT pregnan-
cies: L-leucine (1.8-fold), L-valine (1.6-fold), Lisoleucine (1.9-fold), L-phenylalanine (1.5-fold),
L-glutamic acid (3.9-fold), L-aspartic acid (4.0fold), L-proline (2.6-fold), L-alanine (2.0-fold), Larginine (2.5-fold), and L-lysine (1.9-fold). The
endometrial transcript abundance for the AA
transporter solute carrier family 7 (amino acid
transporter, L-type), member 8 (SLC7A8) was
also 2.4-fold lower in SCNT pregnancies. Ophosphoethanolamine (PetN) was 11-fold
(p=0.0001) reduced in the uterine fluid of animals carrying an SCNT conceptus, pointing
toward changes of the phospholipid metabolism. We provide evidence for disturbed embryo-maternal interactions in the preimplantation period after transfer of SCNT embryos,
which may contribute to developmental abnormalities. These are unlikely related to the major
embryonic pregnancy recognition signal interferon-tau, because similar activities were detected in uterine flushings of the SCNT and IVF
groups.
Fate of Cry1Ab protein in agricultural systems under slurry management of cows fed
genetically modified maize (Zea mays L.)
MON810: A quantitative Assessment
Gruber, H., Paul, V., Guertler, P., Spiekers, H.,
Tichopad, A., Meyer, H.H.D., Müller, M.: Journal
of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 59 (2011)
7135-7144
The objective of the study was to track the fate
of recombinant Cry1Ab protein in a liquid manure field trial when feeding GM maize
MON810 to dairy cows. A validated ELISA was
applied for quantification of Cry1Ab in the agricultural chain from GM maize plants, feed, liquid manure and soil to crops grown on manured fields. Starting with 23.7 μg of Cry1Ab g–
1 dry weight GM maize material, a rapid decline
of Cry1Ab levels was observed as 2.6% and
0.9% of Cry1Ab from the GM plant were detected in feed and liquid manure, respectively.
Half of this residual Cry1Ab persisted during
slurry storage for 25 weeks. After application to
experimental fields, final degradation of Cry1Ab
to below detectable levels in soil was reported.
Cry1Ab exhibited a higher rate of degradation
compared to total protein in the agricultural
processes. Immunoblotting revealed a degradation of the 65 kDa Cry1Ab into immunoreactive fragments of lower size in all analyzed materials.
41
RefGenes: identification of reliable and condition specific reference genes for RT-qPCR
data normalization
Hruz, T., Wyss, M., Docquier, M., Pfaffl, M.W.,
Masanetz, S., Borghi, L., Verbrugghe, P.,
Kalaydijeva, L., Bleuler, S., Laule, O.,
Descombes, P., Gruissem, W., Zimmermann,
P.: BMC Genomics (2011) 12:156
Background: RT-qPCR is a sensitive and increasingly used method for gene expression
quantification. To normalize RT-qPCR measurements between samples, most laboratories
use endogenous reference genes as internal
controls. There is increasing evidence, however, that the expression of commonly used
reference genes can vary significantly in certain
contexts.
Results: Using the Genevestigator database of
normalized and well-annotated microarray experiments, we describe the expression stability
characteristics of the transciptomes of several
organisms. The results show that a) no genes
are universally stable, b) most commonly used
reference genes yield very high transcript
abundances as compared to the entire transcriptome, and c) for each biological context a
subset of stable genes exists that has smaller
variance than commonly used reference genes
or genes that were selected for their stability
across all conditions.
Conclusion: We therefore propose the normalization of RT-qPCR data using reference genes
that are specifically chosen for the conditions
under study. RefGenes is a community tool
developed for that purpose. Validation RTqPCR experiments across several organisms
showed that the candidates proposed by
RefGenes generally outperformed commonly
used reference genes.
Low plasma progesterone concentrations
are accompanied by reduced luteal blood
flow and increased size of the dominant follicle in dairy cows
Lüttgenau, J., Beindorff, N., Ulbrich, S.E.,
Kastelic, J.P., Bollwein, H.: Theriogenology 76
(2011) 12-22
To investigate the influence of low plasma progesterone (P(4)) concentrations on luteal and
ovarian follicular development as well as endometrial gene expression in the concomitant and
subsequent estrous cycle, 20 lactating dairy
(Holstein Friesian and Brown Swiss x Holstein
Friesian) cows received either a single treatment with 25 mg prostaglandin F(2α) (PGF(2α))
42
on Day 4 Hour 12 (PG1; n = 8), or two treatments (25 mg PGF(2α) each) on Day 4 Hours 0
and 12 (PG2; n = 12) of the estrous cycle (Day
1, Hour 0 = ovulation). In four cows, ovulation
occurred between 4 and 6 d after the second
PGF(2α) treatment; these cows and one lame
cow were excluded. In the 15 remaining cows
with physiological interovulatory intervals (18 to
24 d), P(4), luteal size (LS) and blood flow (LBF),
as well as follicular size (FS) and blood flow
(FBF), were determined daily until Day 4, immediately prior to (0 h) and 12 h after each
PGF(2α) treatment, and then every 2 d, from
Day 5 to 8 d after the subsequent ovulation.
Because P(4) did not differ (P > 0.05) between
PG1 and PG2, cows were regrouped according
to their mean P(4) concentration from Days 7 to
15, either P(4) <2 ng/mL (P(4)L; n = 7) or P(4) >2
ng/mL (P(4)H; n = 8). In the treatment cycle, LS
was smaller in P(4)L than P(4)H on Days 13 (P =
0.01) and 15 (P = 0.03), and LBF was lower in
P(4)L than P(4)H on Day 15 (P = 0.02). The
dominant follicle of the first follicular wave was
larger in P(4)L than P(4)H on Days 13 (P = 0.03),
15 (P = 0.03), and 17 (P = 0.01). In the subsequent cycle, there were no significant differences between P(4)L and P(4)H for P(4), FS, LS,
and LBF; however, FBF was lower (P = 0.01) in
P(4)L than P(4)H on Day 7. In Group P(4)L, endometrial expressions of estrogen receptor α
and oxytocin receptor were lower (P = 0.05 and
P = 0.03, respectively) at the estrus that preceded treatment compared to the posttreatment estrus. In summary, low P(4) during
diestrus was associated with smaller LS, reduced LBF, and larger FS in the treatment cycle, but not in the subsequent cycle.
Plasma progesterone concentrations in the
mid-luteal phase are dependent on luteal
size, but independent of luteal blood flow
and gene expression in lactating dairy cows
Lüttgenau, J., Ulbrich, S.E., Beindorff, N., Honnens, A., Herzog, K., Bollwein, H.: Anim Reprod
Sci. 125 (2011) 20-29
The objective of the present study was to investigate if plasma progesterone (pP(4)) concentrations are dependent on luteal size, blood
flow, or gene expression in luteal tissue. To
induce cycles with high and low pP(4) concentrations, respectively, 20 lactating dairy cows
received either a single treatment with 25 mg
prostaglandin F(2α) (PGF(2α)) on Day 4 Hour 12
(PG1; n=8), or two treatments (25 mg PGF(2α)
each) on Day 4 Hours 0 and 12 (PG2; n=12) of
the estrous cycle (Day 1, Hour 0=ovulation). In
four cows, ovulation occurred between 4 and
6d after the second PGF(2α) treatment; these
cows and one lame cow were excluded from
the study. In the 15 remaining cows with
physiological interovulatory intervals, pP(4),
area (LTA) and volume (LTV) of luteal tissue, as
well as absolute (LBF) and relative (rLBF) luteal
blood flow were determined on Day 9, and relative luteal P(4) (rLP(4)) as well as luteal mRNA
expression of important receptors, angiogenic,
vasoactive, and steroidogenic factors were
quantified on Day 11 (±1) during two successive estrous cycles. Furthermore, rLP(4) was
multiplied by LTV to produce a semiquantitative
assessment of absolute luteal P(4) (LP(4)).
There was no effect (P>0.05) of treatment (one
or two PGF(2α) treatments), neither on pP(4)
concentrations nor on any other parameter in
the present study. Nevertheless, there was a
lower LP(4) (P=0.01), LTA (P=0.03), and LTV
(P=0.02), as well as tendencies of lower pP(4)
(P=0.06) and LBF (P=0.09) at first compared
with second diestrus. Plasma P(4) was related
with LP(4) (r=0.43, P=0.04), LTA (r=0.65,
P=0.0001), and LTV (r=0.43, P=0.02), but not
with rLBF (r=-0.18, P=0.34). Furthermore, there
was no significant correlation between gene
expression of important steroidogenic factors
and P(4) concentrations in luteal tissue. Results
indicate that plasma P(4) concentrations in the
mid-luteal phase were dependent on luteal size,
but independent of blood flow and gene expression per luteal tissue unit.
Effects of the prebiotics inulin and lactulose
on intestinal immunology and hematology of
preruminant calves
Masanetz, S., Preißinger, W., Meyer, H. H. D.,
Pfaffl, M. W.: Animal 5 (2011) 1099–1106
Prebiotics are suggested as an alternative to
antibiotics in animal rearing. Fermentable substances such as inulin or lactulose have been
proposed to stimulate the immune system and
health by modulation of the intestinal flora and
its fermentation products. In this study, effects
of inulin and lactulose on the intestinal health
and hematology of calves have been investigated. Both prebiotics significantly decreased
thrombocyte counts in peripheral blood. Only
inulin was able to increase hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit. Total leukocyte count
was decreased by lactulose while both prebiotics tended to lower monocyte proportions.
mRNA expression of inflammation-related
markers in the intestine was also affected by
both prebiotics hinting at a decreased inflam-
matory status. This may be due to a possible
decrease in intestinal pathogen load that remains to be verified. Only mRNA amounts of
interleukin 8 were increased by lactulose in
mesenteric lymph nodes. In the ileum, expression of a proliferation marker was increased by
inulin while an apoptosis-related gene was increased by both prebiotics. The results of this
study show a clear effect of prebiotics on certain parameters associated with animal health
and performance that remain to be studied in
detail in future investigations.
Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing
(ECIS) based real-time measurement of titer
dependent cytotoxicity induced by adenoviral vectors in an IPI-2I cell culture model
Müller, J., Thirion, C., Pfaffl, M.W.: Biosensors
and Bioelectronics 26 (2011) 2000-2005
Recombinant viral vectors are widespread tools
for transfer of genetic material in various modern biotechnological applications like for example RNA interference (RNAi). However, an accurate and reproducible titer assignment represents the basic step for most downstream applications regarding a precise multiplicity of
infection (MOI) adjustment. As necessary scaffold for the studies described in this work we
introduce a quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR)
based approach for viral particle measurement.
Still an implicated problem concerning physiological effects is that the appliance of viral vectors is often attended by toxic effects on the
individual target. To determine the critical viral
dose leading to cell death we developed an
electric cell-substrate impedance sensing
(ECIS) based assay. With ECIS technology the
impedance change of a current flow through
the cell culture medium in an array plate is
measured in a non-invasive manner, visualizing
effects like cell attachment, cell-cell contacts or
proliferation. Here we describe the potential of
this online measurement technique in an in vitro
model using the porcine ileal epithelial cell line
IPI-2I in combination with an adenoviral transfection vector (Ad5-derivate). This approach
shows a clear dose-depending toxic effect, as
the amount of applied virus highly correlates
(p<0.001) with the level of cell death. Thus this
assay offers the possibility to discriminate the
minimal non-toxic dose of the individual transfection method. In addition this work suggests
that the ECIS-device bears the feasibility to
transfer this assay to multiple other cytotoxicological questions.
43
Quantification noise in single cell experiments
Reiter, M., Kirchner, B., Müller, H., Holzhauer,
C., Mann, W., Pfaffl, M.W.: Nucleic Acids Research 39 (2011) e124
In quantitative single-cell studies, the critical
part is the low amount of nucleic acids present
and the resulting experimental variations. In
addition biological data obtained from heterogeneous tissue are not reflecting the expression
behaviour of every single-cell. These variations
can be derived from natural biological variance
or can be introduced externally. Both have
negative effects on the quantification result.
The aim of this study is to make quantitative
single-cell studies more transparent and reliable in order to fulfil the MIQE guidelines at the
single-cell level. The technical variability introduced by RT, pre-amplification, evaporation,
biological material and qPCR itself was evaluated by using RNA or DNA standards. Secondly, the biological expression variances of
GAPDH, TNFα, IL-1β, TLR4 were measured by
mRNA profiling experiment in single lymphocytes. The used quantification setup was sensitive enough to detect single standard copies
and transcripts out of one solitary cell. Most
variability was introduced by RT, followed by
evaporation, and pre-amplification. The qPCR
analysis and the biological matrix introduced
only minor variability. Both conducted studies
impressively demonstrate the heterogeneity of
expression patterns in individual cells and
showed clearly today's limitation in quantitative
single-cell expression analysis.
The Potential of Bovine Vaginal Smear for
Biomarker Development to Trace the Misuse
of Anabolic Agents
Riedmaier, I., Reiter, M., Tichopad, A., Pfaffl,
M.W., Meyer, H.H.D.: Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 119 (2011) 86-94
In the European Union the use of anabolic hormones in meat production is forbidden since
1988 and this ban of anabolic agents in animal
production is strictly controlled. New hormone
cocktails passing the detection systems are
attractive for the practice and so new approaches to discover their illegal use have to be
developed steadily. Verifying physiological effects caused by anabolic steroids will be a new
way to develop potential monitoring systems.
One promising matrix in female animals will be
vaginal smear containing vaginal epithelial cells,
because the vaginal epithelium is a primary
44
steroid hormone responsive organ. In this study
we quantified the gene expression in vaginal
smear of sexually mature cattle in order to observe physiological effects. Further we aimed to
establish a new screening method by testing
the effect of a combination of certain anabolic
steroid hormones on physiological regulations
of mRNA expression of selected genes. In an
animal trial Nguni heifers were treated with the
anabolic combination trenbolone acetate plus
estradiol. Vaginal smear samples were taken at
4 different time points. Gene expression of 27
candidate genes, selected by screening the
actual literature for steroidal effects on vaginal
epithelial cells, were estimated using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. There were different
expression changes observed at different time
points. It could be shown that the applied anabolic combination significantly influenced the
expression of the steroid receptor ERα, the
keratinization factor CK8, the proinflammatory
interleukins IL-1α and IL-1β, the growth factors
FGF7, EGF, EGFR, IGF-1R, TGFα and LTF, the
oncogen c-jun and other factors like actinβ and
ubiquitin 3. Using biostatistical tools like principal components analysis or hierarchical cluster
analysis, the potential to develop a gene expression pattern for targeting the illegal use of
growth promoters could be demonstrated.
The analysis of the transcriptome as a new
approach for biomarker development to
trace the abuse of anabolic steroid hormones
Riedmaier, I., Pfaffl, M.W., Meyer, H.H.D.: Drug
Testing and Analysis 3 (2011) 676-681
The abuse of anabolic steroid hormones in
human sports and animal husbandry is an
ubiquitous problem and therefore a tight control
program in both areas is very important. Within
these control programs, hormone residues are
detected by immunoassays or chromatographical methods in combination with mass spectrometry. With these methods, all known substances can be detected; yet new xenobiotic
growth promoters and new ways of application
are difficult to detect. Therefore it is important
to develop new sensitive screening methods to
enable an efficient control for misused anabolic
substances. The detection of their physiological
action is a promising approach. Anabolic steroid hormones directly influence the expression
of specific genes and thus the analysis of the
transcriptome of different target tissues and
matrices is of great interest. This review describes our recent efforts made concerning the
analysis of gene expression changes in different tissues, different species and under different anabolic treatments.
Ex vivo phagocytic overall performance of
neutrophilic granulocytes and the relation to
plasma insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations in dairy cows during the transition
period
Sander, A.K., Piechotta, M., Schlamberger, G.,
Bollwein, H., Kaske, M., Sipka, A., Schuberth,
H.J.: J Dairy Sci. 94 (2011) 1762-1771
Impaired function of polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocyte (PMNL) during the peripartal
period is a major reason for increased susceptibility of dairy cows to infections in this critical
interval. Factors dysregulating PMNL function
are widely unknown. Insulin-like growth factor
(IGF-I) enhanced PMNL functions in vitro. The
objective of this study was to investigate the
influence of IGF-I and, additionally, βhydroxybutyrate and nonesterified fatty acid
concentrations on phagocytic activity (PA, percentage of viable PMNL) and phagocytic capacity (PC, mean fluorescence intensity of
phagocytic PMNL) assessed by flow cytometry.
Antepartum (i.e., wk -3, -2, -1; before calving),
plasma concentrations of IGF-I were high (80110 ng/mL) without significant differences between primiparous and pluriparous cows (n=18
and n=41, respectively). Concentrations of IGFI declined toward the week of calving (wk 1).
Postpartum (i.e., wk 2, 3, and 4; after calving),
IGF-I remained lower than before parturition,
with concentrations higher in primiparous compared with those of pluriparous cows. The PA
was constant in primiparous cows throughout
the study period. Conversely, PMNL of pluriparous cows had a significantly increased and
higher PA in wk 2 and 3 postpartum compared
with that of primiparous cows. The PC decreased significantly only in primiparous cows
the week of calving, whereas the number of
PMNL in primiparous cows exceeded that of
pluriparous cows significantly. The phagocytic
power (PP, a product of PA by PC), but not the
phagocytic overall performance (POP, a product of PA, PC, and PMNL number), differed
between primiparous and pluriparous cows in
wk 3 postpartum. No significant differences in
POP were found, except in wk 4 after calving
between the primi- and pluriparous cows. In
both groups, POP increased in the week of
calving (wk 1). In contrast to β-hydroxybutyrate,
which was weakly positive correlated with PA
and PP in pluriparous cows in the transition
period (wk -3 antepartum to wk 4 postpartum),
pluriparous animals had weak negative correlations of PMNL number, PA, PP, POP, and IGF-I
concentration in this period. In primiparous
animals, only PP and PC were weakly negatively correlated with IGF-I in the transition period. Increased plasma IGF-I concentrations
were not associated with enhanced phagocytosis function of bovine blood PMNL ex vivo and,
thus, can not be regarded as a suitable predictor for this function.
The Expression of Thrombopoietin and its
Receptor During Different Physiological
Stages in the Bovine Ovary
Sarkar, M., Schilffarth, S., Schams, D., Meyer,
H.H.D., Berisha, B.: Reprod Dom Anim 46
(2011) 757-762
Thrombopoietin (TPO) is known to be involved
in megakaryocytopoiesis, but its role in the
control of ovarian function is unknown in cattle.
The aims of this study were to demonstrate the
expression of TPO and its receptor (c-MPL) in
detail in bovine corpus luteum (CL) obtained
from different stages of the oestrous cycle and
during pregnancy--and to demonstrate that
TPO/c-MPL system is expressed clearly in bovine follicles. Real-time RT-PCR (qPCR) and
ELISA were applied to investigate mRNA expression of examined factors and TPO protein,
respectively. In this investigation, increases in
the concentrations of TPO protein and the
mRNA expression of TPO and c-MPL were
noticed during both early luteal stage and late
luteal stage of the oestrous cycle. Furthermore,
the expression of TPO/c-MPL system does not
show any significant regulation in the CL
throughout pregnancy. Highest co-expression
of TPO/c-MPL system in both theca interna (TI)
and granulosa cells (GC) in small follicles (<10
mm in diameter) was observed in this study
that may suggest the possible role of TPO/cMPL system in proliferation of TI and GC cells.
To conclude, the results demonstrate the possible involvement of locally produced TPO/cMPL system as a 'physiological filter' in bovine
ovary where they may promote cell selection by
inducing proliferation of viable cells and scavenging non-viable cells and thereby may play
an important role in modulation of ovarian function.
45
The Influence of Apple- or Red-Grape Pomace Enriched Piglet Diet on Blood Parameters, Bacterial Colonisation, and Marker
Gene expression in Piglet White Blood Cells
Sehm, J., Treutter, D., Lindermayer, H., Meyer,
H.H.D., Pfaffl, M.W.: Food and Nutrition Sciences 2 (2011) 366-376
Proanthocyanidins and flavanoids, both subfamilies of the polyphenols, are highly concentrated in different fruits and berries as well as in
fruit pomace. They have shown to exhibit anticancer, anti-microbial, anti-oxidative, and immune-modulatory effects in vertebrates. Herein
the effects of additional apple pomace or redgrape pomace in conventional piglet starter
feeds were investigated in 36 young growing
piglets. Immunological marker gene expression
was quantified by quantitative real-time RTPCR in white blood cells, and intestinal bacterial flora was investigated from weaning to three
weeks post weaning. Polyphenol content in
red-grape pomace, gut content and tissues
were analyzed with HPLC. Flavan-3-ols (epicatechin and catechin) and proanthocyanidins
(B1, B2 and C1) were identified in the gas- trointestinal tract content, whereas only traces
could be detected in various piglet organs. The
blood parameters, hemoglobin and hematocrit, were affected and down-regulated in all
groups over testing period. In both pomace
treated groups more thrombocytes were present compared to the standard feeding group.
It turns out, that the pomace diets had greatest
impact on the bacterial content in the colon.
Results demonstrate that feeding apple pomace and redgrape pomace tended to increase the number of total colonic bacteria.
Steptococci/Enterococci increased in the redgrape pomace. C. perfringens was not detectable at the second time point. The number of
lactobacilli increased in both applied diets. The
number of Clostridium perfringens decreased
with the age of the piglets. Trends of mRNA
expression changes were found in white blood
cell (WBC) between different feeding regimens,
since the expression variability in the groups
was very high. Between the different time
points there were significant differences within
the apple pomace group, where TNF α (p =
0.033), NF κB (p = 0.024) and Caspase 3 (p =
0.019) mRNA expression increased significantly during treatment. We conclude that both
polyphenol rich feedings have the potential to
positively influence the intestinal flora, blood
parameters, and WBC mRNA gene expression
pattern of immunological marker genes.
46
Bovine
endometrial
metallopeptidases
MMP14 and MMP2 and the metallopeptidase
inhibitor TIMP2 participate in maternal
preparation of pregnancy
Ulbrich, S.E., Meyer, S.U., Zitta, K., Hiendleder,
S., Sinowatz, F., Bauersachs, S., Büttner, M.,
Fröhlich, T., Arnold, G.J., Reichenbach, H.-D.,
Wolf, E., Meyer, H.H.D.: Mol Cell Endocrinol.
332 (2011) 48-57
Early embryonic development is critically dependent on both maternal preparation and embryonic signalling of pregnancy. Matrix metallopeptidases (MMP) contribute to spatial and
temporal matrix remodeling in the bovine endometrium. In this study we observed distinct
changes in expression of MMP2, MMP14, and
the metallopeptidase inhibitor TIMP2 between
different phases of the estrous cycle indicating
an endocrine regulation. An increase of TIMP2
protein abundance was ascertained in the uterine lumen during the time of embryo elongation.
The expression pattern and cellular localization
correlate well with the assumed effects of
MMPs on release and activation of cytokines
and growth factors directing cell migration,
differentiation, and vascularization during this
pivotal period of development. Specifically,
active MMP2 in the endometrium may determine the allocation of growth factors supporting conceptus development. The presence of a
day 18 conceptus in vivo and day 8 blastoysts
in vitro induced endometrial TIMP2 mRNA expression. The results imply that TIMP2 is involved in very early local maternal recognition
of pregnancy. Matrix metallopeptidases are
likely to participate in remodeling processes
preparing a receptive endometrium for a timely
and precise regulation of embryo development.
In vivo oocyte developmental competence is
reduced in lean but not in obese superovulated dairy cows after intraovarian administration of IGF1
Velazquez, M.A., Hadeler, K.-G., Herrmann, D.,
Kues, W.A., Ulbrich, S.E., Meyer, H.H.D., Rémy,
B., Beckers, J.-F., Sauerwein, H., Niemann, H.:
Reproduction 142 (2011) 41-52
The present study investigated the role of IGF1
in lactating lean and non-lactating obese dairy
cows by injecting 1μg IGF1 into the ovaries
prior to superovulation. This amount of IGF1
has been linked with pregnancy loss in women
with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and
was associated with impaired bovine oocyte
competence in vitro. Transcript abundance and
protein expression of selected genes involved
in apoptosis, glucose metabolism, and the IGF
system were analyzed. Plasma concentrations
of IGF1 and leptin, and IGF1 in uterine luminal
fluid (ULF), were also measured. IGF1 treatment
decreased embryo viability in lean cows to the
levels observed in obese cows. Obese cows
were not affected by IGF1 treatment and
showed elevated levels of IGF1 (in both plasma
and ULF) and leptin. Blastocysts from lean
cows treated with IGF1 showed a higher abundance of SLC2A1 and IGFBP3 transcripts. IGF1
treatment reduced protein expression of tumor
protein 53 in blastocysts of lean cows, whereas
the opposite was observed in obese cows.
IGF1 in plasma and ULF was correlated only in
the control groups. Blastocyst transcript abundance of IGF1 receptor and IGFBP3 correlated
positively with IGF1 concentrations in both
plasma and ULF in lean cows. The detrimental
microenvironment created by IGF1 injection in
lean cows and the lack of effect in obese cows
resemble to a certain extent the situation observed in PCOS patients, where IGF1 bioavailability is increased in normal-weight women but
reduced in obese women, suggesting that this
bovine model could be useful for studying IGF1
involvement in PCOS.
PROFESSUR FÜR BIOTECHNOLOGIE DER
NUTZTIERE
Disclosure of erlotinib as a multikinase inhibitor in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Conradt, L., Godl, K., Schaab, C., Tebbe, A.,
Eser, S., Diersch, S., Michalski, C.W., Kleeff, J.,
Schnieke, A., Schmid, R.M., Saur, D., Schneider, G.: Neoplasia 13 (2011) 1026-34
A placebo-controlled phase 3 trial demonstrated that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor erlotinib in combination with
gemcitabine was especially efficient in a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) subgroup of patients developing skin toxicity.
However, EGFR expression was not predictive
for response, and markers to characterize an
erlotinib-responding PDAC group are currently
missing. In this work, we observed high erlotinib IC50 values in a panel of human and
murine PDAC cell lines. Using EGFR small interfering RNA, we detected that the erlotinib
response was marginally influenced by EGFR.
To find novel EGFR targets, we used an unbiased chemical proteomics approach for target
identification and quality-controlled target affin-
ity determination combined with quantitative
mass spectrometry based on stable isotope
labeling by amino acids in cell culture. In contrast to gefitinib, we observed a broad target
profile of erlotinib in PDAC cells by quantitative
proteomics. Six protein kinases bind to erlotinib
with similar or higher affinity (K(d) = 0.09-0.358
μM) than the EGFR (K(d) 0.434 μM). We provide
evidence that one of the novel erlotinib targets,
ARG, contributes in part to the erlotinib response in a PDAC cell line. Our data show that
erlotinib is a multikinase inhibitor, which can act
independent of EGFR in PDAC. These findings
may help to monitor future erlotinib trials in the
clinic.
In vivo diagnosis of murine pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and early-stage pancreatic cancer by molecular imaging
Eser, S., Messer, M., Eser, P., von Werder, A.,
Seidler, B., Bajbouj, M., Vogelmann, R., Meining, A., von Burstin, J., Algül, H., Pagel, P.,
Schnieke, A.E., Esposito, I., Schmid, R.M.,
Schneider, G., Saur, D.: Proc Natl Acad Sci 108
(24) (2011) 9945-50
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a
fatal disease with poor patient outcome often
resulting from late diagnosis in advanced
stages. To date methods to diagnose earlystage PDAC are limited and in vivo detection of
pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), a
preinvasive precursor of PDAC, is impossible.
Using a cathepsin-activatable near-infrared
probe in combination with flexible confocal
fluorescence lasermicroscopy (CFL) in a genetically defined mouse model of PDAC we
were able to detect and grade murine PanIN
lesions in real time in vivo. Our diagnostic approach is highly sensitive and specific and
proved superior to clinically established fluorescein-enhanced imaging. Translation of this
endoscopic technique into the clinic should
tremendously improve detection of pancreatic
neoplasia, thus reforming management of patients at risk for PDAC.
Efficient immunoglobulin gene disruption
and targeted replacement in rabbit using
zinc finger nucleases
Flisikowska, T., Thorey, I.S., Offner, S., Ros, F.,
Lifke, V., Zeitler, B., Rottmann, O., Vincent, A.,
Zhang, L., Jenkins, S., Niersbach, H., Kind,
A.J., Gregory, P.D., Schnieke, A.E., Platzer, J.:
PLoS One 6 (6) (2011) e21045
47
Rabbits are widely used in biomedical research,
yet techniques for their precise genetic modification are lacking. We demonstrate that zinc
finger nucleases (ZFNs) introduced into fertilized oocytes can inactivate a chosen gene by
mutagenesis and also mediate precise homologous recombination with a DNA gene-targeting
vector to achieve the first gene knockout and
targeted sequence replacement in rabbits. Two
ZFN pairs were designed that target the rabbit
immunoglobulin M (IgM) locus within exons 1
and 2. ZFN mRNAs were microinjected into
pronuclear stage fertilized oocytes. Founder
animals carrying distinct mutated IgM alleles
were identified and bred to produce offspring.
Functional knockout of the immunoglobulin
heavy chain locus was confirmed by serum IgM
and IgG deficiency and lack of IgM(+) and
IgG(+) B lymphocytes. We then tested whether
ZFN expression would enable efficient targeted
sequence replacement in rabbit oocytes. ZFN
mRNA was co-injected with a linear DNA vector
designed to replace exon 1 of the IgM locus
with ∼1.9 kb of novel sequence. Double strand
break induced targeted replacement occurred
in up to 17% of embryos and in 18% of fetuses
analyzed. Two major goals have been achieved.
First, inactivation of the endogenous IgM locus,
which is an essential step for the production of
therapeutic human polyclonal antibodies in the
rabbit. Second, establishing efficient targeted
gene manipulation and homologous recombination in a refractory animal species. ZFN mediated genetic engineering in the rabbit and
other mammals opens new avenues of experimentation in immunology and many other research fields.
Nucleotide sequence and variations of the
bovine myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C)
gene promoter in Bos taurus cattle
Juszczuk-Kubiak, E., Flisikowski, K., Wicińska,
K.: Mol Biol Rep. 38 (2) (2011) 1269-76
Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 (MEF2) proteins are
a small family of transcription factors that play
pivotal role in morphogenesis and myogenesis
of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle cells.
In vertebrates, there are four MEF2 genes, referred to as MEF2A, -B, -C, and -D, that are
located on different chromosomes. After birth
MEF2A, MEF2B, MEF2D transcriptions are
expressed ubiquitously, whereas MEF2C transcripts are restricted to skeletal muscle, brain,
and spleen. In this study, on the basis of the
sequences of the bovine chromosome 7 genomic contig, available in the GenBank data-
48
base, sets of PCR primers were designed and
to amplify the bovine MEF2C gene promoter
region, exon 1 (5'UTR) and part sequence of
the intron 1. Seven overlapping fragments of
the bovine MEF2C gene were amplified and
then sequenced. Altogether, these fragments
were composed in the 3,120-bp sequence
which was deposited in the GenBank database
under accession no. GU211007. The sequence
fragment included the putative site of the promoter region and transcription start of the exon
1. The sequence analysis of these fragments in
individual animals representing different Bos
taurus breeds revealed four variations in promoter region: g.-1606C>T, g.-1336_-1335DelG,
g.-818C>T, g.-613_-612DelA and four SNPs
within intron 1: g.2711A>G, g. 2913A>G,
g.2962G>T and g.3014A>G. No polymorphism
was found within sequence of the exon 1
(5'UTR). These polymorphisms were identified
for first time using these sequences and were
confirmed by RFLP or MSSCP methods.
RNA interference in pigs: comparison of
RNAi test systems and expression vectors
Merkl, C., Leuchs, S., Saalfrank, A., Kind, A.,
Schnieke, A.: Mol Biotechnol. 48 (1) (2011) 3848
We have examined the use of RNA interference
as a means of downregulating gene expression
and provide the first comparison of shRNA and
artificial miRNA constructs for transgenic livestock. Several in vitro assays were performed
to identify the most effective RNAi constructs.
shRNA and miRNA constructs achieved significant downregulation of two porcine target
genes: the milk whey protein beta-lactoglobulin
and the tumour suppressor p53. Results of
different assays were, however, sometimes at
variance, indicating that no one assay can be
relied upon to predict the effectiveness of an
RNAi construct. Our findings are that screening
of RNAi constructs is most informative if carried
out in primary cells that express the target gene
and are competent for somatic cell nuclear
transfer. Importantly, the use of miRNA constructs makes tissue specific gene knockdown
in large animals a realistic possibility.
Association of MC3R gene polymorphisms
with body weight in the red fox and comparative gene organization in four canids
Skorczyk, A., Flisikowski, K., Szydlowski, M.,
Cieslak, J., Fries, R., Switonski, M.: Anim
Genet. 42 (1) (2011) 104-7
There are five genes encoding melanocortin
receptors. Among canids, the genes have
mainly been studied in the dog (MC1R, MC2R
and MC4R). The MC4R gene has also been
analysed in the red fox. In this report, we present a study of chromosome localization, comparative sequence analysis and polymorphism
of the MC3R gene in the dog, red fox, arctic fox
and Chinese raccoon dog. The gene was localized by FISH to the following chromosome:
24q24-25 in the dog, 14p16 in the red fox,
18q13 in the arctic fox and NPP4p15 in the
Chinese raccoon dog. A high identity level of
the MC3R gene sequences was observed
among the species, ranging from 96.0% (red
fox--Chinese raccoon dog) to 99.5% (red fox-arctic fox). Altogether, eight polymorphic sites
were found in the red fox, six in the Chinese
raccoon dog and two in the dog, while the arctic fox appeared to be monomorphic. In addition, association of several polymorphisms with
body weight was analysed in red foxes (the
number of genotyped animals ranged from 319
to 379). Two polymorphisms in the red fox, i.e.
a silent substitution c.957A>C and c.*185C>T
in the 3'-flanking sequence, showed a significant association (P < 0.01) with body weight.
Cell-mediated transgenesis in rabbits: chimeric and nuclear transfer animals
Zakhartchenko, V., Flisikowska, T., Li, S., Richter, T., Wieland, H., Durkovic, M., Rottmann, O.,
Kessler, B., Gungor, T., Brem, G., Kind, A.,
Wolf, E., Schnieke, A.: Biol Reprod. 84 (2)
(2011) 229-37
The ability to perform precise genetic engineering such as gene targeting in rabbits would
benefit biomedical research by enabling, for
example, the generation of genetically defined
rabbit models of human diseases. This has so
far not been possible because of the lack of
functional rabbit embryonic stem cells and the
high fetal and perinatal mortality associated
with rabbit somatic cell nuclear transfer. We
examined cultured pluripotent and multipotent
cells for their ability to support the production
of viable animals. Rabbit putative embryonic
stem (ES) cells were derived and shown capable of in vitro and in vivo pluripotent differentiation. We report the first live born ES-derived
rabbit chimera. Rabbit mesenchymal stem cells
(MSCs) were derived from bone marrow, and
multipotent differentiation was demonstrated in
vitro. Nuclear transfer was carried out with both
cell types, and embryo development was assessed in vitro and in vivo. Rabbit MSCs were
markedly more successful than ES cells as
nuclear donors. MSCs were transfected with
fluorescent reporter gene constructs and assessed for nuclear transfer competence. Transfected MSCs supported development with similar efficiency as normal MSCs and resulted in
the first live cloned rabbits from genetically
manipulated MSCs. Reactivation of fluorescence reporter gene expression in reconstructed embryos was investigated as a means
of identifying viable embryos in vitro but was
not a reliable predictor. We also examined serial nuclear transfer as a means of rescuing
dead animals.
A Comparative Analysis of MC4R Gene Sequence, Polymorphism, and Chromosomal
Localization in Chinese Raccoon Dog and
Arctic Fox
Skorczyk, A., Flisikowski, K., Switonski, M.:DNA
Cell Biol. (2011) doi:10.1089/dna.2011.1423
Numerous mutations of the human melanocortin receptor type 4 (MC4R) gene are responsible for monogenic obesity, and some of them
appear to be associated with predisposition or
resistance to polygenic obesity. Thus, this gene
is considered a functional candidate for fat
tissue accumulation and body weight in domestic mammals. The aim of the study was
comparative analysis of chromosome localization, nucleotide sequence, and polymorphism
of the MC4R gene in two farmed species of the
Canidae family, namely the Chinese raccoon
dog (Nycterutes procyonoides procyonoides)
and the arctic fox (Alopex lagopus). The whole
coding sequence, including fragments of 3'UTR
and 5'UTR, shows 89% similarity between the
arctic fox (1276 bp) and Chinese raccoon dog
(1213 bp). Altogether, 30 farmed Chinese raccoon dogs and 30 farmed arctic foxes were
searched for polymorphisms. In the Chinese
raccoon dog, only one silent substitution in the
coding sequence was identified; whereas in the
arctic fox, four InDels and two single-nucleotide
polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 5'UTR and six
silent SNPs in the exon were found. The studied gene was mapped by FISH to the Chinese
raccoon dog chromosome 9 (NPP9q1.2) and
arctic fox chromosome 24 (ALA24q1.2-1.3).
The obtained results are discussed in terms of
genome evolution of species belonging to the
family Canidae and their potential use in animal
breeding.
49
PROFESSUR FÜR TIERHYGIENE
Quantity of the tetracycline resistance gene
tet(M) differs substantially between meat at
slaughterhouses and at retail
Hölzel, C.S., Huther, S.K., Schwaiger, K.,
Kämpf, P., Bauer, J.: J Food Sci. 76 (6) (2011)
M318-323
Concentrations of the tetracycline resistance
gene tet(M) per square centimeter were assessed in meat from the slaughterhouse (n=
100) and from retail (n= 100) by real-time quantitative PCR. The study revealed a substantial
contamination of retail meat with the tetracycline resistance gene tet(M), with a mean of
4.34 log copies per cm(2) fasces in chicken and
5.58 log copies per cm(2) fasces in pork. Quantitative resistance gene analysis provides an
interesting tool for risk assessment and is becoming increasingly important. For both
chicken and pork, tet(M) concentrations were
significantly higher in meat at retail, compared
to meat at slaughter. Cultural investigations
revealed substantial differences in the prevalence of listeria and enterococci, and of E. coli
and coliforms, between meat at slaughter (n=
500) and at retail (n= 500). However, the differences in the prevalence of 2 investigated
groups of potential tet(M)-carriers (enterococci,
listeria) could not sufficiently explain the differences in tet(M) concentrations, since increasing
concentrations of tet(M) were accompanied by
decreasing prevalences of these potential
tet(M)-carriers. The percentage of tetracycline
susceptible indicator bacteria (E. faecalis, E.
coli) did not differ between meat at slaughter
and meat at retail. Higher concentrations of
tet(M) at retail might correlate with the proliferation of other genera than enterococci and listeria, but there is also a reason to discuss
whether secondary contaminants might carry
tet(M) more often than the We successfully
applied the primary flora of meat. Practical
Application: direct quantitative monitoring of
resistance genes in meat, which generally
might aid as a useful and rapid additional tool
for risk assessment. We know that bacteria
provide a large pool of resistance genes, which
are widely shared between each other-the larger the pool is, the more genes might be exchanged. Thus, in terms of resistance gene
monitoring, we should sometimes overcome
the restricted view on single bacteria and look
at the gene pool, instead.
50
Exposure to environmental microorganisms
and childhood asthma
Ege, M.J., Mayer, M., Normand, A.C., Genuneit,
J., Cookson, W.O., Braun-Fahrländer, C.,
Heederik, D., Piarroux, R., von Mutius, E.: N
Engl J Med. 364 (8) (2011) 701-709
BACKGROUND: Children who grow up in environments that afford them a wide range of microbial exposures, such as traditional farms,
are protected from childhood asthma and
atopy. In previous studies, markers of microbial
exposure have been inversely related to these
conditions.
METHODS: In two cross-sectional studies, we
compared children living on farms with those in
a reference group with respect to the prevalence of asthma and atopy and to the diversity
of microbial exposure. In one study--PARSIFAL
(Prevention of Allergy-Risk Factors for Sensitization in Children Related to Farming and Anthroposophic Lifestyle)--samples of mattress
dust were screened for bacterial DNA with the
use of single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analyses to detect environmental
bacteria that cannot be measured by means of
culture techniques. In the other study-GABRIELA (Multidisciplinary Study to Identify
the Genetic and Environmental Causes of
Asthma in the European Community [GABRIEL]
Advanced Study)--samples of settled dust from
children's rooms were evaluated for bacterial
and fungal taxa with the use of culture techniques.
RESULTS: In both studies, children who lived
on farms had lower prevalences of asthma and
atopy and were exposed to a greater variety of
environmental microorganisms than the children in the reference group. In turn, diversity of
microbial exposure was inversely related to the
risk of asthma (odds ratio for PARSIFAL, 0.62;
95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44 to 0.89; odds
ratio for GABRIELA, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.75 to
0.99). In addition, the presence of certain more
circumscribed exposures was also inversely
related to the risk of asthma; this included exposure to species in the fungal taxon eurotium
(adjusted odds ratio, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.18 to
0.76) and to a variety of bacterial species, including Listeria monocytogenes, bacillus species, corynebacterium species, and others (adjusted odds ratio, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.86).
CONCLUSIONS: Children living on farms were
exposed to a wider range of microbes than
were children in the reference group, and this
exposure explains a substantial fraction of the
inverse relation between asthma and growing
up on a farm. (Funded by the Deutsche For-
schungsgemeinschaft and the European Commission).
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated
from vegetables with regards to the marketing stage (farm vs. supermarket)
Schwaiger, K., Helmke, K., Hölzel, C.S., Bauer,
J.: Int J Food Microbiol. 148 (3) (2011) 191-196
The aim of this study was to elucidate whether
and to what extent fresh produce from Germany plays a role as a carrier and reservoir of
antibiotic resistant bacteria. For this purpose,
1001 vegetables (fruit, root, bulbous vegetables, salads and cereals) were collected from
13 farms and 11 supermarkets in Germany and
examined bacteriologically. Phenotypic resistance of Enterobacter cloacae (n=172); Enterobacter gergoviae (n=92); Pantoea agglomerans
(n=96); Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=295);
Pseudomonas putida (n=106) and Enterococcus faecalis (n=100) against up to 30 antibiotics
was determined by using the microdilution
method. Resistance to ß-lactams was most
frequently expressed by P. agglomerans and E.
gergoviae against cefaclor (41% and 29%).
Relatively high resistance rates were also observed for doxycycline (23%), erythromycin
(21%) and rifampicin (65%) in E. faecalis, for
spectinomycin (28%) and mezlocillin (12%) in
E. cloacae, as well as for streptomycin (19%) in
P. putida. In P. aeruginosa, relatively low resistance rates were observed for the aminoglycosides amikacin, apramicin, gentamicin, neomycin, netilmicin and tobramycin (<4%); 11% was
resistant to streptomycin. No glycopeptideresistant enterococci were observed. Resistance rates of bacteria isolated from farm samples were higher than those of the retail markets whenever significant differences were observed. This suggests that expressing resistance is at the expense of bacterial viability,
since vegetables purchased directly at the farm
are probably fresher than at the supermarket,
and they have not been exposed to stress factors. However, this should not keep the customer from buying directly at the farm, since
the overall resistance rates were not higher
than observed in bacteria from human or animal origin. Instead, peeling or washing vegetables before eating them raw is highly recommended, since it reduces not only the risk of
contact with pathogens, but also that of ingesting and spreading antibiotic resistant bacteria.
Detection of the macrolide-efflux protein A
gene mef(A) in Enterococcus faecalis
Schwaiger, K., Hölzel, C., Bauer, J.: Microb
Drug Resist. 17 (3) (2011) 429-432
The mef(A) gene codes for an efflux protein that
conveys resistance to 14- and 15-membered
macrolides. Enterococci are emerging pathogens, as well as indicator and reservoir bacteria
that are known to have a strong tendency to
acquire resistance genes. A total of 485 Enterococcus faecalis strains of porcine (n = 239)
and human origin (n = 246) were screened for
the presence of the mef(A) gene by using polymerase chain reaction. In total, 29 E. faecalis of
porcine (n = 10) and human (n = 19) origin were
positive for the presence of the mef(A) gene.
Most of the mef(A)-containing strains were isolated from fecal samples of healthy individuals;
only one strain originated from a stool sample
of a diseased pig. To our knowledge, this is the
first report on the occurrence of the mef(A)
gene in E. faecalis apart from mating experiments. The main clinical relevance of this study
is that donor E. faecalis might transfer the
mef(A) gene to recipients that are usually combated with macrolides. Hence, the role of E.
faecalis as a resistance reservoir with respect
to limited treatment options are a cause for
concern.
Comparative analysis of the bacterial flora of
vegetables collected directly from farms and
from supermarkets in Germany
Schwaiger, K., Helmke, K., Hölzel, C.S., Bauer,
J.: Int J Environ Health Res. 21 (3) (2011) 161172
A total of 1,001 vegetables were collected from
13 farms and 11 supermarkets in Bavaria, Germany; 722 samples were positive for coliforms
(mostly Enterobacter cloacae; n = 176). Escherichia coli were detected in 34, Pseudomonas spp. in 439, Salmonella spp. in 1, Enterococcus spp. in 682, and Listeria spp. in 11
samples. Prevalence of all investigated genera
tended to be lower in samples collected at the
supermarket. However, prevalence of Pseudomonas fluorescens was higher in supermarket
samples. Cereals/bulbous vegetables were less
contaminated than root vegetables/salads. Fruit
vegetables seem to be often subsequently contaminated in the retail market. Compared to
foods of animal origin, prevalence of pathogenic bacteria is low. Particularly, in 1,001 investigated vegetables, only four L. monocytogenes and one Salmonella enterica have been
51
found. Almost all of the detected microorganisms are reported to be opportunistic pathogens, if only in rare cases. Therefore, fresh produce should be washed or peeled before it is
eaten raw.
PROFESSUR FÜR TIERZUCHT
Genome-wide association study identifies
two major loci affecting calving ease and
growth-related traits in cattle
Pausch, H., Flisikowski, K., Jung, S., Emmerling, R., Edel, C., Götz, K.U., Fries, R.: Genetics
187 (2011) 289-297
Identifying quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying complex, low-heritability traits is notoriously
difficult. Prototypical for such traits, calving
ease is an important breeding objective of cattle (Bos taurus)-improving programs. To identify
QTL underlying calving ease, we performed a
genome-wide association study using estimated breeding values (EBVs) as highly heritable phenotypes for paternal calving ease (pCE)
and related traits. The massively structured
study population consisted of 1800 bulls of the
German Fleckvieh (FV) breed. Two pCEassociated regions on bovine chromosomes
(BTA) 14 and 21 (P = 5.72 × 10(-15) and P =
2.27 × 10(-8), respectively) were identified using
principal components analysis to correct for
population stratification. The two most significantly associated SNPs explain 10% of the
EBV variation. Since marker alleles with negative effect on pCE have positive effects on
growth-related traits, the QTL may exert their
effects on the birthing process through fetal
growth traits. The QTL region on BTA14 corresponds to a human chromosome (HSA) region
that is associated with growth characteristics.
The HSA region corresponding to the BTA21
pCE QTL is maternally imprinted and involved
in the Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes.
Resequencing of positional candidate genes on
BTA14 revealed a highly significantly (P = 1.96
× 10(-14)) associated polymorphism ablating a
polyadenylation signal of the gene encoding
ribosomal protein S20 (RPS20). Our study
demonstrates the leverage potential of EBVs in
unraveling the genetic architecture of lowly
heritable traits.
Association of MC3R gene polymorphisms
with body weight in the red fox and comparative gene organization in four canids
52
Skorczyk, A., Flisikowski, K., Szydlowski, M.,
Cieslak, J., Fries, R., Switonski, M.: Animal
Genetics 42 (2011) 104-107
There are five genes encoding melanocortin
receptors. Among canids, the genes have
mainly been studied in the dog (MC1R, MC2R
and MC4R). The MC4R gene has also been
analysed in the red fox. In this report, we present a study of chromosome localization, comparative sequence analysis and polymorphism
of the MC3R gene in the dog, red fox, arctic fox
and Chinese raccoon dog. The gene was localized by FISH to the following chromosome:
24q24-25 in the dog, 14p16 in the red fox,
18q13 in the arctic fox and NPP4p15 in the
Chinese raccoon dog. A high identity level of
the MC3R gene sequences was observed
among the species, ranging from 96.0% (red
fox--Chinese raccoon dog) to 99.5% (red fox-arctic fox). Altogether, eight polymorphic sites
were found in the red fox, six in the Chinese
raccoon dog and two in the dog, while the arctic fox appeared to be monomorphic. In addition, association of several polymorphisms with
body weight was analysed in red foxes (the
number of genotyped animals ranged from 319
to 379). Two polymorphisms in the red fox, i.e.
a silent substitution c.957A>C and c.*185C>T
in the 3'-flanking sequence, showed a significant association (P < 0.01) with body weight.
PROFESSUR FÜR TIERERNÄHRUNG
Does lead use the intestinal absorptive
pathways of iron? Impact of iron status on
murine 210Pb and 59Fe absorption in duodenum and ileum in vivo
Eisenhans, B., Janser, H., Windisch, W., Schümann, K.: Toxicology 284 (1-3) (2011) 7-11
BACKGROUND: Human isotope studies and
epidemiological trials are controversial as to
whether lead absorption shares the absorptive
pathways of iron and whether body lead content can be reduced by iron supplementation.
AIM: To compare the impact of iron-deficiency
on (59)Fe- and (210)Pb-absorption rates in
duodenal and ileal segments. METHODS:
(59)Fe- and (210)Pb-absorption was determined in ligated duodenal and ileal segments
from juvenile and adult iron-deficient and ironadequate C57Bl6 wild-type mice (n=6) in vivo at
luminal concentrations corresponding to human
exposure (Fe: 1 and 100μmol/L; Pb: 1μmol/L).
RESULTS
AND
DISCUSSION:
(59)Fe-
absorption increased 10-15-fold in irondeficient duodena from adult and adolescent
mice. Ileal (59)Fe-absorption was 4-6 times
lower than in iron-adequate duodena showing
no adaptation to iron-deficiency. This in accordance to expectation as the divalent metal
transport 1 (DMT1) shows low ileal expression
levels. Juvenile (59)Fe-absorption was about
twice as high as in adult mice. In contrast, duodenal (210)Pb-absorption was increased only
1.5-1.8-fold in iron-deficiency in juvenile and
adult mice and, again in contrast to (59)Fe, ileal
(210)Pb-absorption was as high as in ironadequate duodena. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest a DMT1-independent pathway to
mediate lead absorption along the entire small
intestine in addition to DMT1-mediated duodenal uptake. Ileal lead absorption appears substantial, due the much longer residence of ingesta in the distal small intestine. Differences in
lead-solubility and -binding to luminal ligands
can, thus, explain the conflicting findings regarding the impact of iron-status on lead absorption. They need to be considered in future
studies.
Performance and metabolic profile of dairy
cows during a lactational and deliberately
induced negative energy balance by feed
restriction with subsequent realimentation
Gross, J., van Dorland, H., Bruckmaier, R.,
Schwarz, F.: Journal of Dairy Science 94 (2011)
1820-1830
Homeorhetic and homeostatic controls in dairy
cows are essential for adapting to alterations in
physiological and environmental conditions. To
study the different mechanisms during adaptation processes, effects of a deliberately induced
negative energy balance (NEB) by feed restriction near 100 d in milk (DIM) on performance
and metabolic measures were compared with
lactation energy deficiency after parturition.
Fifty multiparous cows were studied in 3 periods (1=early lactation up to 12 wk postpartum;
2=feed restriction for 3 wk beginning at 98±7
DIM with a feed-restricted and control group;
and 3=a subsequent realimentation period for
the feed-restricted group for 8 wk). In period 1,
despite NEB in early lactation [-42 MJ of net
energy for lactation (NE(L))/d, wk 1 to 3] up to
wk 9, milk yield increased from 27.5±0.7 kg to a
maximum of 39.5±0.8 kg (wk 6). For period 2,
the NEB was induced by individual limitation of
feed quantity and reduction of dietary energy
density. Feed-restricted cows experienced a
greater NEB (-63 MJ of NEL/d) than did cows in
early lactation. Feed-restricted cows in period 2
showed only a small decline in milk yield of 3.1±1.1 kg and milk protein content of 0.2±0.1% compared with control cows
(30.5±1.1 kg and 3.8±0.1%, respectively). In
feed-restricted cows (period 2), plasma glucose
was lower (-0.2±0.0 mmol/L) and nonesterified
fatty acids higher (+0.1±0.1 mmol/L) compared
with control cows. Compared with the NEB in
period 1, the decreases in body weight due to
the deliberately induced NEB (period 2) were
greater (56±4 vs. 23±3 kg), but decreases in
body condition score (0.16±0.03 vs. 0.34±0.04)
and muscle diameter (2.0±0.4 vs. 3.5±0.4 mm)
were lesser. The changes in metabolic measures in period 2 were marginal compared with
the adjustments directly after parturition in period 1. Despite the greater induced energy deficiency at 100 DIM than the early lactation NEB,
the metabolic load experienced by the dairy
cows was not as high as that observed in early
lactation. The different effects of energy deficiency at the 2 stages in lactation show that
metabolic problems in early lactating dairy
cows are not due only to the NEB, but mainly to
the specific metabolic regulation during this
period.
Evaluation of Potential Reference Genes for
Relative Quantification by RT-qPCR in Different Porcine Tissues Derived from Feeding
Studies
Li, Q., Domig, K.J, Ettle, T., Windisch, W., Mair,
C., Schedle, K.: International Journal of Molecular Sciences 12 (3) (2011) 1727-1734
Five potential reference genes for RT-qPCR
application, namely histone H3, beta-actin,
GAPDH, ubiquitin and 18S rRNA, were evaluated for normalization of gene expression in
four selected tissues (liver, kidney, thyroid and
abdominal fat). Tissues were derived from fattening pigs exposed to different amounts and
type of dietary iodine. Two software applications (geNorm and NormFinder) were used to
evaluate the stability of the potential reference
genes. All studied genes displayed high expression stability but different stability patterns
between the investigated tissues. The results
suggest GAPDH and 18S rRNA as reference
genes applicable in all tissues investigated.
Beta-actin and histone H3 are suitable reference genes for all tissues investigated except
fat. In contrast, ubiquitin should be excluded
from use as a reference gene in the porcine
tissues analyzed due to variations in expression
levels, despite the good expression stability.
53
Bioavailability of two organic forms of zinc in
comparison to zinc sulphate for weaning
pigs fed a diet composed mainly of wheat,
barley and soybean meal
Paulicks, B., Ingenkamp, H., Eder, K.: Archives
of Animal Nutrition 65 (4) (2011) 320-328
This study was performed to compare the
bioavailability of two organic zinc compounds,
a zinc glycinate complex and a zinc amino acid
chelate with that of zinc sulphate in growing
pigs fed a basal diet composed mainly of
wheat, barley and soybean meal. The experiment included 96 pigs with an average body
weight of 8 kg, allotted to ten groups of nine to
ten pigs each. The first group received the
basal diet, containing 42 mg of native zinc per
kg, without zinc supplementation over a period
of five weeks. The other nine groups received
the basal diet supplemented with 15, 30 or 50
mg of zinc/kg as zinc sulphate, zinc glycinate or
the zinc amino acid chelate. Pigs fed the unsupplemented diet had a lower growth performance (body weight gain, feed conversion
ratio) than the other nine groups. Supplementation of 15 mg zinc/kg diet (irrespective of zinc
form) was sufficient to yield optimum growth
performance. Plasma zinc concentration and
activity of alkaline phosphatase were rising with
increasing zinc supplementation levels up to a
maximum reached at a supplementary level of
30 or 50 mg/kg diet for activity of alkaline
phosphatase and plasma zinc concentration,
respectively. The response of those parameters
to zinc supplementation did, however, not differ
between the three zinc compounds considered.
The apparent digestibility of zinc from the diet
was also not different for the three zinc compounds. In conclusion, these findings show that
the bioavailability of the two organic zinc compounds did not differ from that of zinc sulphate
in growing pigs fed a diet with wheat, barley
and soybean meal as major components.
Department Ökologie und Ökosystemmanagement
Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan der TU
München
PROFESSUR FÜR AQUATISCHE SYSTEMBIOLOGIE
Changes in gene transcription and whole
organism responses in larval fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) following short-
54
term exposure to the synthetic pyrethroid
bifenthrin
Beggel, S., Connon, R., Werner, I., Geist, J.:
Aquatic Toxicology 105 (2011) 180-188
The combination of molecular and wholeorganism endpoints in ecotoxicology provides
valuable information about the ecological relevance of sublethal stressor effects in aquatic
ecosystems such as those caused by the use
of insecticides and translocation of their residues into surface waters. This study contributes knowledge about the sublethal effects of a
common use insecticide, the synthetic pyrethroid bifenthrin, on larval fathead minnow
(Pimephales promelas). Transcriptomic responses, assessed by quantitative real-time
PCR, combined with individual effects on
swimming performance were used to estimate
the ecological relevance of insecticide impacts.
Significant transcriptomic responses were observed at 0.07 gL−1 bifenthrin (lowest observed
effect concentration, LOEC) but mostly followed a biphasic rather than a linear dose–
response with increasing concentration. Transcript patterns for genes involved in detoxification, neuromuscular function and energy metabolism were linked to an impairment of
swimming performance at ≥0.14 gL−1 bifenthrin.
With increasing treatment concentration, a significant down-regulation was observed for
genes coding for cyp3a, aspartoacylase, and
creatine kinase, whereas metallothionein was
up-regulated. Additionally, bifenthrin induced
endocrine responses as evident from a significant up-regulation of vitellogenin and downregulation of insuline-like growth factor transcripts. Recovery occurred after 6 days and
was dependent on the magnitude of the initial
stress. During the recovery period, downregulation of vitellogenin was observed at lowest exposure concentrations. The data presented here emphasize that links can be made
between gene transcription changes and behavioral responses which is of great value for
the evaluation and interpretation of biomarker
responses.
Integrative freshwater ecology and biodiversity conservation
Geist, J.: Ecological Indicators 11 (2011) 15071516
Freshwater ecosystems provide goods and
services of critical importance to human societies, yet they are among the most heavily altered ecosystems with an overproportional loss
of biodiversity. Major threats to freshwater biodiversity include overexploitation, water pollution, fragmentation, destruction or degradation
of habitat, and invasions by non-native species.
Alterations of natural flow regimes by manmade dams, land-use changes, river impoundments, and water abstraction often have profound impacts on lotic communities. An understanding of the functional interactions and
processes in freshwater ecosystems presents a
major challenge for scientists, but is crucial for
effective and sustainable restoration. Most
conservation approaches to date have considered single species or single level strategies. In
contrast, the concept of ‘Integrative Freshwater
Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation’ (IFEBC)
proposed herein addresses the interactions
between abiotic and biotic factors on different
levels of organization qualitatively and quantitatively. It consequently results in a more holistic
understanding of biodiversity functioning and
management. Core questions include modeling
of the processes in aquatic key habitats and
their functionality based on the identification
and quantification of factors which control the
spatial and temporal distribution of biodiversity
and productivity in aquatic ecosystems. The
context and importance of research into IFEBC
is illustrated using case studies from three major areas of research: (i) aquatic habitat quality
and restoration ecology, (ii) the genetic and
evolutionary potential of aquatic species, and
(iii) the detection of stress and toxic effects in
aquatic ecosystems using biomarkers. In conclusion, our understanding of the functioning of
aquatic ecosystems and conservation management can greatly benefit from the methodological combination of molecular and ecological
tools.
A critical reflection on the success of rearing
and culturing juvenile freshwater mussels
with a focus on the endangered freshwater
pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera L.)
Gum, B., Lange, M., Geist, J.: Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 21
(2011) 743-751
1. Freshwater mussels are in decline throughout their ranges. The lack of natural recruitment
in freshwater pearl mussel and other freshwater
mollusks has led to controversies about the
usefulness and applicability of captive breeding
techniques for their conservation.
2. Herein, we review the current state of rearing
and culturing programmes for freshwater mussels in Europe and North America with a focus
on the highly endangered freshwater pearl
mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera). We address
different strategies of propagation and the key
factors of success. We also discuss conservation management decisions with respect to risk
reduction and the intensity of the culturing system.
3. Based on the rearing techniques applied for
multiple species in North America and for the
genus Margaritifera in European countries, sufficient numbers of juveniles can be produced to
sustain selected populations. However, captive
breeding and stocking should be carefully
documented and must not replace the restoration of functional stream habitats.
4. From a conservation point of view, captive
breeding of endangered mussel species can be
a last-minute rescue instrument in order to retain the evolutionary potential of priority populations which would not persist long enough to
benefit from restoration of their habitat.
Invasive species in Europe: ecology, status
and policy
Keller, R.P., Geist, J., Jeschke, J.M, Kühn, I.:
Environmental Sciences Europe 23:23 (2011) 117
Globalization of trade and travel has facilitated
the spread of non-native species across the
earth. A proportion of these species become
established and cause serious environmental,
economic, and human health impacts. These
species are referred to as invasive, and are now
recognized as one of the major drivers of biodiversity change across the globe. As a long-time
centre for trade, Europe has seen the introduction and subsequent establishment of at least
several thousand non-native species. These
range in taxonomy from viruses and bacteria to
fungi, plants, and animals. Although invasive
species cause major negative impacts across
all regions of Europe, they also offer scientists
the opportunity to develop and test theory
about how species enter and leave communities, how nonnative and native species interact
with each other, and how different types of
species affect ecosystem functions. For these
reasons, there has been recent growth in the
field of invasion biology as scientists work to
understand the process of invasion, the
changes that invasive species cause to their
recipient ecosystems, and the ways that the
problems of invasive species can be reduced.
This review covers the process and drivers of
species invasions in Europe, the socioeconomic factors that make some regions par-
55
ticularly strongly invaded, and the ecological
factors that make some species particularly
invasive. We describe the impacts of invasive
species in Europe, the difficulties involved in
reducing these impacts, and explain the policy
options currently being considered. We outline
the reasons that invasive species create unique
policy challenges, and suggest some rules of
thumb for designing and implementing management programs. If new management programs are not enacted in Europe, it is inevitable
that more invasive species will arrive, and that
the total economic, environmental, and human
health impacts from these species will continue
to grow.
The effects of weirs on structural stream
habitat and biological communities
Mueller, M., Pander, J., Geist, J.: Journal of
Applied Ecology 48 (2011) 1450-1461
1. Most of the world’s rivers are affected by
dams and weirs. Information on the quantitative
and qualitative effects of weirs across biological
communities is crucial for successful management and restoration of stream ecosystems.
Yet, there is a lack of comprehensive studies
that have analysed the serial discontinuity in
direct proximity of weirs including diverse taxonomic groups from algae to fish.
2. This study compared the abiotic stream
habitat characteristics upstream and downstream of weirs as well as their effects on the
community structure of periphyton, aquatic
macrophytes, macroinvertebrates and fish at
five different study rivers.
3. Physicochemical habitat characteristics
discriminated strongly between upstream and
downstream sides of weirs in terms of water
depth, current speed, substratum composition
and the transition between free-flowing water
and interstitial zone. Accordingly, abundance,
diversity, community structure and functional
ecological traits of all major taxonomic groups
were indicative of serial discontinuity, but the
discriminative power of individual taxonomic
groups strongly differed between rivers.
4. The simultaneous inclusion of abiotic habitat
variables, taxonomic diversity and biological
traits in multivariate non-metric multidimensional scaling was most comprehensive and
powerful for the quantification of weir effects. In
some cases, the intrastream discrimination
induced by weirs exceeded the variation between geographically distant rivers of different
geological origin and drainage systems. Community effects were generally detectable on
56
high levels of taxonomic resolution such as
family or order level.
5. Synthesis and applications: River sections in
spatial proximity to weirs are affected seriously
and should be included in the ecological assessments of the European Water Framework
Directive. Multivariate models that include several taxonomic groups and physicochemical
habitat variables provide a universally applicable tool for the ecological assessment of impacts on serial discontinuity and other stressors
on stream ecosystem health.
Ecological functions of fish bypass channels
in streams: migration corridor and habitat
for reophilic species
Pander, J., Mueller, M., Geist, J.: River Research
and
Applications
(2011)
DOI:
10.1002/rra.1612
The introduction of weirs into stream ecosystems resulted in modifications of serial continuity and in the decline of riverine fish species.
Successful river restoration requires information
on the ecological functionality of fish bypass
channels that are considered an ecological
improvement according to the European Water
Framework Directive. In this study, we compared the functionality of three nature-oriented
fish passes as compensatory habitats and migration corridors for fishes. Fish passes differed
significantly from upstream and downstream
reaches of the weirs, revealing higher current
speed, lower water depth, smaller channel
width and greater habitat variability. Following
these structural differences, they provided key
habitats for juvenile, small and rheophilic fishes
that are typically underrepresented in highly
modified water bodies. All fish passes were
used as migration corridors, with increased fish
movements during high discharge and at
spawning periods. Because river stretches with
high variability of current speed and water
depth are scarce in highly modified water bodies, fish passes can play an important role as
compensatory habitats and should thus be
considered more intensively in habitat assessments and river restoration. Ideally, fish bypasses should mirror the natural discharge
dynamics and consider all occurring fish species and sizes.
Restoration of Spawning Habitats of Brown
Trout (Salmo trutta) in a Regulated Chalk
Stream
Pulg, U., Barlaup, B.T., Sternecker, K., Trepl, L.,
Unfer, G.: River Research and Applications
(2011) DOI: 10.1002/rra.1594
Gravel bed spawning grounds are essential for
the reproduction of salmonids. Such spawning
grounds have been severely degraded in many
rivers of the world because of river regulation
and erosive land use. To reduce its effects on
salmonid reproduction rates, river managers
have been restoring spawning grounds. However, measures of effectiveness are lacking for
the restored spawning sites of brown trout
(Salmo trutta). In this study, two methods were
used to restore gravel bed spawning grounds in
the Moosach River, a chalk stream in Southern
Germany: the addition of gravel and the cleaning of colmated gravel. Seven test sites were
monitored in the years 2004 to 2008, focussing
on sediment conditions. Furthermore, brown
trout egg survival and changes in the brown
trout population structure were observed. Both
gravel addition and gravel cleaning proved to
be suitable for creating spawning grounds for
brown trout. Brown trout reproduced successfully at all test sites. The relative number of
young-of-the-year brown trout increased clearly
after the restoration. Sediment on the test sites
colmated during the 4 years of the study. In the
first 2 years, highly suitable conditions were
maintained, with a potential egg survival of
more than 50%. Afterwards, the sites offered
moderate conditions, indicating an egg survival
of less than 50%. Conditions unsuitable for
reproduction were expected to be reached 5 to
6 years after restoration.
ent fish species, including six native species
which naturally co-occur with U. crassus, as
well as two non-native species. All tested fish
species were successfully infected with glochidia of U. crassus, which were present on their
gills 2 days after exposure.
3. Phoxinus phoxinus and Squalius cephalus
were the most suitable hosts as indicated by
both the highest total glochidial load and the
highest fish-weight-normalized glochidial load
after 16 days and 48 days. Salmo trutta, Alburnoides bipunctatus and Cottus gobio were less
suitable, losing ~90% of glochidia within 16
days. Alburnus alburnus, invasive Neogobius
melanostomus and introduced Oncorhynchus
mykiss lost more than 98% of glochidia within
16 days, indicating they are unsuitable hosts.
4. U. crassus larvae did not grow significantly
(<15%) during their metamorphosis on suitable
hosts, suggesting that the most obvious advantage of the host-dependent phase in the U.
crassus life cycle is the dispersal by fish vectors. The observed differences in the developmental speed and the timing of excystment on
different suitable host species are likely to increase the chances of successful dispersal and
survival in adverse environmental conditions.
5. The sustainable conservation management
of U. crassus populations is closely linked to
the effective management of their host fish
populations. In particular, the currently underestimated ecological functions of low-valued
fish species such as S. cephalus and P. phoxinus clearly deserve better consideration in the
conservation management of U. crassus habitats and stream ecosystems.
PROFESSUR FÜR GEOMORPHOLOGIE UND
BODENKUNDE
Host-specificity of the endangered thickshelled river mussel (Unio crassus, Philipsson 1788) and implications for conservation
Taeubert, J.-E., Gum, B., Geist, J.: Aquatic
Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems (2011) DOI: 10.1002/aqc.1245
1. The complex life cycle of the endangered
thick-shelled river mussel (Unio crassus, Philipsson 1788) includes an obligatory parasitic
phase on a host fish. Consequently, knowledge
of the interaction of U. crassus with its host
species is crucial for the development of effective conservation strategies.
2. The objective of this study was to assess
systematically the host suitability of eight differ-
Extreme floods around AD 1700 in the
southern Namib Desert, Namibia, and in the
Orange River catchment, South Africa. Where they forced by a decrease of solar
irradiation during the Little Ice Age?
Heine, K., Völkel, J.: Geographica Polonica 84
(2011) 61-80
We review recent advances in the study of palaeofloods and in the reconstructions of climate
features from sedimentary archives in the Namib Desert. Global environments are known to
have varied over the past millennia, but the
spatial patterns of these variations have remained poorly understood. We used palaeoflood sediments to reconstruct rainfall pat-
57
terns over the last 500 years (Little Ice Age).
During the Little Ice Age, the northern Namib
Desert and the Orange River catchment experienced palaeofloods that exceeded those of the
millennium prior and of the two centuries since.
During the last two centuries, floods remained
well below Little Ice Age maximum levels. The
patterns of hydrological changes imply dynamic
responses of rainfall to solar irradiance forcing
changes involving the Benguela El Niño oscillation.
Late Quaternary Environmental Changes
from Aeolian and Fluvial Geoarchives in the
Southwestern Kalahari, South Africa: Implications for Past African Climate Dynamics
Hürkamp, K., Völkel, J., Heine, K., Bens, O.,
Leopold, M., Winkelbauer, J.: South African
Journal of Geology 114 (2) (2011) 459-474
Precipitation in southern Africa and specifically
in the southwest Kalahari – tropical summer
rains in the north and the east, and extratropical winter rains in the southwest – is strongly
influenced by a common climate force that also
governs the seasonal shift of the Intertropical
Convergence Zone (ITCZ). However, the displacement of the southern ITCZ since the Last
Glacial Maximum (LGM, ca. 22 to 18 ka) is controversial. We present new field results, 14Cand optically stimulated luminescence (OSL)data on fluvial and aeolian geoarchives in the
catchment area of the lower Molopo River,
southwest Kalahari, which indicate different
periods of aeolian and fluvial activity in the last
40 ka.
Based on our new data, we present a reconstruction of the late Quaternary climatic dynamics and a conceptual model indicating a southward shift of the ITCZ during the LGM, contemporaneously with a northward shift of the
westerlies. This model implies that since 24 ka
the southwest Kalahari has received summer
and winter rains, which resulted in pluvial conditions that annually led to pan flooding
throughout most of the year, cessation of lunette dune development due to stagnated deflation, and onset of perennial flow in a part of
the lower Molopo River south of the NossobMolopo confluence. In addition, glacial climate
circulation patterns over the southern African
subcontinent can further resolve controversies
about palaeoclimate reconstructions, which
have important implications for modelling past
and future climate scenarios.
58
Geophysical prospection of a bronze foundry at the southern slope of the Acropolis at
Athens, Greece
Leopold, M., Gannaway, E., Völkel, J., Haas, F.,
Becht, M., Heckmann, T., Westphal, M.,
Zimmer, G.: Archaeological Prospection 18
(2011) 27-41
The sanctuary of the Acropolis of Athens in
Greece provided one of the first monumental
bronze statues some 2500 years ago, which
was dedicated to the goddess Athena. During
recent decades, important understanding of the
statue's manufacturing processes has been
achieved by archaeological studies, and the
former production site has been identified on
the southern slope of the Acropolis. Two major
bronze production pits have been detected and
one was excavated in 2001 and 2006 and was
found in an unexpected location. Therefore, in
2010 a geophysical survey of the whole production site was carried out for the first time in
order to either reveal or to exclude any further
sites of the bronze foundry complex. A combination of different geophysical methods was
applied to survey the subsurface; magnetometry (MAG), two- and three-dimensional electrical
resistivity tomography (ERT), as well as twoand three-dimensional ground-penetrating radar (GPR). Two major anomalies have been
identified in the processed data, which provide
evidence for additional production sites. One
was a known site identified in a test trench in
2001, and our survey has outlined the extent of
the former pit. The other anomaly, which was
detected by ERT and GPR, was 8–10 m in
length and 2–3 m in width and is oval-shaped
and about 2.5 m deep. Steep vertical walls,
together with two narrow points at the ends of
the pit, which could reflect former entrances,
were identified. Virtual ERT and GPR models
generated from cross-sections of a groundbased LiDAR scan of the 2001 and 2006 excavated pit helped to interpret and understand the
geophysical data of anomaly 2. This anomaly
was finally interpreted as a newly detected production pit of the bronze foundry complex, and
based on these findings new excavations are
planned.
Black soils and sediments beside brown
Calcic Luvisols - A pedological description
of a newly discovered Neolithic ring ditch
system at Stephansposching, Eastern Bavaria, Germany
Leopold, M., Hürkamp, K., Völkel, J., Schmotz,
K.: Quaternary International 243 (2) (2011) 293304
Because soils reflect past physical and chemical formation conditions, they are valuable
geoarchives, but the knowledge of past soil
patterns is restricted. Thus, buried soils of different ages are often used to reconstruct soil
development stages. Soils were analyzed at a
newly discovered and excavated Neolithic ring
ditch system that was constructed some 6700
years ago in east Bavaria, Germany. Sediments
and newly formed soils trapped in the former
2.5 m deep ditch are compared with adjacent
sediments and in situ soils. Field descriptions,
thin sections and extensive laboratory analysis,
together with some geophysical measurements
were applied for material characterization. At
the bottom of the ditch are the remnant sediments of a fully developed Calcic Luvisol, which
was the main soil type about 6700 years ago at
the study site. Black sediments in the upper
parts of the ditch, identified as Luvic
Phaeozems, might be the result of anthropogenic fire management techniques. They are
termed anthropo-thermal Luvic Phaeozems. No
evidence of former Chernozems, other than in
positions close to the floodplain of the Danube
River, were found. The formation of black soils
and black sediments adjacent to brown Calcic
Luvisols is documented.
Characteristics of a paleosol and its implication for the Critical Zone development,
Rocky Mountain Front Range of Colorado,
USA
Leopold, M., Völkel, J., Dethier, D., Huber, J.,
Steffens, M.: Applied Geochemistry 26 (2011)
72-75
Activity and stability phases as well as geomorphic processes within the Critical Zone are well
known. Erosion and deposition of sediments
represent activity; soils represent geomorphic
stability phases. Data are presented from a 4 m
deep sediment section that was dated by luminescence techniques. Upslope erosion and
resulting sedimentation started in the late Pleistocene around 18 ka until 12 ka. Conditions at
the study site then changed, which led to the
formation of a well-developed soil. Radiocarbon
dating of the organic matter yielded ages between 8552 and 8995 cal. BP. From roughly 6.2
to 5.4 ka another activity phase accompanied
by according sediment deposition buried the
soil and a new soil, a Cambisol, was formed at
the surface. The buried soil is a strongly developed Luvisol. The black colors in the upper part
of the buried soil are not the result of pedogenic accumulation of normal organic matter
within an A-horizon. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy clearly documents the
high amount of aromatic components (charcoal), which is responsible for the dark color.
This indicates severe burning events at the site
and the smaller charcoal dust (black carbon)
was transported to deeper parts of the profile
during the process of clay translocation.
Internal structure and hydrological flow
paths of the Green Lake Rock Glacier, Colorado US
Leopold, M., Williams, M., Völkel, J., Dethier,
D., Caine, T.N.: Permafrost and Periglacial
Processes 22 (2) (2011) 107-119
Information about the internal structure of rock
glaciers is needed to understand their reaction
to ongoing climate warming. Three different
geophysical techniques—shallow seismic refraction, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and
electrical resistivity tomography—were used to
develop a detailed subsurface model of the
Green Lake 5 rock glacier in the Colorado Front
Range, USA. Below a thin zone of fine sediments and soils (0.7 – 1-m thickness; 0 – 20
kΩm and 320 – 370 m s−1), a 1 – 3-m thick
zone with low p-wave velocities (790 –
820 m s−1) and high electrical resistivity (20 –
100 kΩm) is interpreted as the ice-free, blocky
active layer with large void spaces. The data
corroborate strong reflections of the GPR signals which travel at this depth at 0.11 m ns−1.
A third layer that extends from depths of 1 –
3 m to about 5 m is characterised by lower
electric resistivities (5 – 20 kΩm) and has lower
electromagnetic wave velocities (0.65 m ns−1),
representing unfrozen, finer and wetter sediments. At around 5-m depth, the measured
physical
parameters
change
drastically
(vp = 3200 – 3300 m s−1, 50 – 150 kΩm,
vGPR = 0.15 m ns−1), showing an ice-rich
permafrost zone above the bedrock. This
model of the internal structure was used to
evaluate an existing hydrological flowpath
model based on the hydrochemical properties
of water outflow from the rock glacier.
59
Significance of slope sediments layering on
physical characteristics and interflow within
the Critical Zone – Examples from the Colorado Front Range, USA
Völkel, J., Huber, J., Leopold, M.: Applied Geochemistry 26 (2011) 143-145
The subalpine to montane zones within the
Critical Zone (CZ) of the Colorado Front Range,
USA outside Pleistocene glaciation limits are
characterized by the abundance of stratified
and multilayered slope deposits exhibiting
depths >1 m. Initial luminescence dating for the
upper sediment layers in different profiles give
last glacial ages ranging between 40 and 12 ka.
A periglacial origin by solifluction is hypothesized for these slope deposits, which is corroborated by geomorphic and sedimentologic
parameters. The stratified slope sediments
have a strong influence on the physical and
chemical properties as well as on soil forming
processes in the CZ. Examples are provided for
the sediment derived contribution of some elements and common clay minerals together and
the great importance of slope sediments as
barriers and pathways for the interflow that runs
in sediment layers are shown.
Methods of surveying the thickness of organic layers using Ground Penetrating Radar
(GPR) - An example from the Northern Alps,
area of Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Winkelbauer, J., Völkel, J., Leopold, M., Bernt,
N.: European Journal of Forest Research 130
(5) (2011) 799-812
Ecological studies commonly demand elaborate knowledge of the distribution pattern of
humous horizons, especially in forest ecosystems with high humus variability. Conventional
investigative methods are time-consuming and
surface-destructive. Ground penetrating radar
(GPR), in contrast, offers a fast and nondestructive method of portraying the shallow
subsurface. Against this background, the reliability of GPR-derived metric data on terrestrial
humous horizons was tested at a study site in
the altimontane zone of the Bavarian Alps
(1,260 m a.s.l.). The GPR survey, using a
shielded bistatic antenna device at 800 MHz, is
based on eight parallel lines within a 30 × 30 m
plot. The metric interpretation of the GPR results is validated by a trench, which records the
thickness of humous horizons at a 10-cm interval, and is compared to conventional sampling
methods, represented by 18 soil monolith profiles of both random and grid-based distribu-
60
tion. The results show that it is not possible to
resolve the borders of single humous horizons.
The delineation of humous against non-humous
horizons,
however,
shows
correlation
(R = 0.553) with the reference data and delivers
reliable data on the average thickness and
variation of humous horizons. The observed
thickness deviations between GPR and the
trench line range between −9.5 and 7.5 cm,
with remarkably narrow deviations of −2 to
2 cm or less in 50% of the cases. In summary,
supported by the high number of data records
(n = 1,727), GPR creates a much better and
none destructive image of the actual humus
distribution pattern compared to conventional
methods.
PROFESSUR FÜR BODENKUNDE
Changes in diversity and functional gene
abundances of microbial communities involved in nitrogen fixation, nitrification and
denitrification comparing a tidal wetland to
paddy soils cultivated for different time periods
Bannert, A., Kleinadam, K., Wissing, L., Mueller-Niggemann, C., Vogelsang, V., Cao, Z.,
Schloter, M.: Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77 (2011) 6109-6116
In many areas of China, tidal wetlands have
been converted into agricultural land for rice
cultivation. However, the consequences of land
use changes for soil microbial communities are
poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated
bacterial and archaeal communities involved in
inorganic nitrogen turnover (nitrogen fixation,
nitrification, and denitrification) based on abundances and relative species richness of the
corresponding functional genes along a soil
chronosequence ranging between 50 and 2,000
years of paddy soil management compared to
findings for a tidal wetland. Changes in abundance and diversity of the functional groups
could be observed, reflecting the different
chemical and physical properties of the soils,
which changed in terms of soil development.
The tidal wetland was characterized by a low
microbial biomass and relatively high abundances of ammonia-oxidizing microbes. Conversion of the tidal wetlands into paddy soils
was followed by a significant increase in microbial biomass. Fifty years of paddy management
resulted in a higher abundance of nitrogenfixing microbes than was found in the tidal wetland, whereas dominant genes of nitrification
and denitrification in the paddy soils showed no
differences. With ongoing rice cultivation, copy
numbers of archaeal ammonia oxidizers did not
change, while that of their bacterial counterparts declined. The nirK gene, coding for nitrite
reductase, increased with rice cultivation time
and dominated its functionally redundant counterpart, nirS, at all sites under investigation.
Relative species richness showed significant
differences between all soils with the exception
of the archaeal ammonia oxidizers in the paddy
soils cultivated for 100 and 300 years. In general, changes in diversity patterns were more
pronounced than those in functional gene
abundances.
Laboratory Imaging Spectroscopy of Soil
Profiles
Buddenbaum, H., Steffens, M.: Journal of
Spectral Imaging (2011) doi: 10.1255/jsi.2011.a
An imaging spectrometer in a laboratory rack
was used to examine soil profiles. Images in the
400 to 1000 nm range with 4 nm spectral resolution and less than 0.1 mm spatial resolution of
the top 30 cm of the soil were acquired. These
images can be used to analyse the spatial distribution of chemical and physical soil characteristics and for discrimination and classification of horizons and inclusions. Threedimensional characterizations of soil properties
are possible by recording images of series of
parallel slices.
Steppe ecosystems and climate and landuse changes-vulnerability, feedbacks and
possibilities for adaptation
Butterbach-Bahl, K., Kögel-Knabner, I., Han,
X.G.: Plant and Soil 340 (2011) 1-6
In temperate zones, grasslands such as steppe
cover approximately 20% (~107 km2) of the
land surfaces and are widely used as pasture
(Graetz 1994). Grassland soils are one of the
most significant stocks for organic carbon. The
degradation of grasslands due to changes in
management, intensification of rangeland use
or climate changes may significantly affect biosphere-atmosphere exchange for carbon and
nitrogen due to the volatilization and dislocation
by erosion of huge amounts of C and N previously stored in the soil (White et al. 2000,
Schlesinger et al. 1990, Ojima et al. 1993). This
is in turn associated with soil fertility decline
and reduced productivity.
Concurrent evolution of organic and mineral
components during initial soil development
after retreat of the Damma glacier, Switzerland
Dümig, A., Smittenberg, R., Kögel-Knabner, I.:
Geoderma 163 (2011) 83–94
The foreland of the Damma glacier (Switzerland) was investigated to assess the build-up of
organic carbon (OC) stocks in mineral soils and
organic surface layers with increasing ice-free
period (ca. 15, 60–70, 71–80 and 110–140
years). Mature soils outside the proglacial area
(soil ages N700 years) served as reference for
advanced soil development. All soils were
sampled in triplicate per surface age to estimate the variability of soil formation. Different
selective dissolution methods were applied to
quantify Fe and Al pools with respect to their
role for soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization
during initial pedogenesis. The chemical composition of organic matter was characterized by
using solid-state CPMAS 13C NMR spectroscopy. Leptosols and Regosols were found in
the glacier foreland which showed a high variability of development ranging from morphologically undeveloped to soils forming Ah horizons within 70 years. These different stages of
soil development were present at a small scale
within the same surface age according to past
glacier movements. Particle-size distribution
varied between soils of similar age and without
chronological trend These results point to the
strong impact of different glacial deposition and
subsequent glaciofluvial erosion, which was
indicated by buried organic surface layers, on
soil formation.
In general, we found a rapid accumulation ofOC
in the mineral soils (7.1 g m−2 year−1) and organic surface layers with increasing soil age.
Similarly, the amount of poorly crystalline Fe
oxides and Al phases increased reflecting the
growing potential for SOC stabilization. Thiswas
indicated by the strong relationship between
SOC stocks and stocks of oxalate soluble Fe
and Al. In contrast to strongly increasing quantities, only small changes in the composition of
organic matter aswell as Fe and Al pools were
detected during initial pedogenesis. Fe oxides
and inorganic Al phasesmainly remained poorly
crystalline. Our results point to the concurrent
evolution of SOC and poorly crystalline Fe oxides and Al phases with positive feedback
mechanisms during initial soil formation. In the
Swiss Alpine environment, soil development on
silica rich parentmaterial proceeds to Cambisolswithin at least 700 years as evidenced by
the reference soils found outside the proglacial
61
area. They showed indications of weak podzolization as some Fe and Al were translocated
downwards. The comparison between the foreland soils and the Cambisols showed decreasing accumulation rates of SOC and pedogenic
Fe and Al. This indicates that soil formation
processes slow down already after some hundred years or accumulation of Fe and Al increasingly occurs at greater soil depth.
Fractionation of Organic Matter Due to Reaction with Ferrihydrite: Coprecipitation versus Adsorption
Eusterhues, K., Rennert, T., Knicker, H., KögelKnabner, I., Totsche, K.U., Schwertmann, U.:
Environmental Science and Technology 45
(2011) 527-533
In soil and water, ferrihydrite frequently forms in
the presence of dissolved organic matter. This
disturbs crystal growth and gives rise to coprecipitation of ferrihydrite and organic matter. To
compare the chemical fractionation of organic
matter during coprecipitation with the fractionation involved in adsorption onto pristine ferrihydrite surfaces we prepared ferrihydrite-organic
matter associations by adsorption and coprecipitation using (i) a forest-floor extract or (ii) a
sulfonated lignin. The reaction products were
studied by 13C CPMAS NMR, FTIR, and analysis of hydrolyzable neutral polysaccharides.
Relative to the original forest-floor extract, the
ferrihydriteassociated organic matter was enriched in polysaccharides, especially when
adsorption took place. Moreover, mannose and
glucose were bound preferentially to ferrihydrite, while fucose, arabinose, xylose, and galactose accumulated in the supernatant. This
fractionation of sugar monomers was more
pronounced during coprecipitation and led to
an enhanced ratio of (galactose + mannose)/(arabinose + xylose). Experiments with
lignin revealed that the ferrihydrite-associated
material was enriched in its aromatic components but had a lower ratio of phenolic C to
aromatic C than the original lignin. A compositional difference between the adsorbed and
coprecipitated lignin is obvious from a higher
contribution of methoxy C in the coprecipitated
material. Coprecipitated organic matter may
thus differ in amount and composition from
adsorbed organic matter.
62
Evaluating pore structures of soil components with a combination of "conventional"
and hyperpolarised 129Xe NMR studies
Filimonova, S.V., Nossov, A., Dümig, A.,
Gedeon, A., Kögel-Knabner, I., Knicker, H.:
Geoderma 162 (2011) 96–106
129Xe nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
spectroscopic studies of xenon gas adsorbed
on model systems representing soil porous
components (Al (hyrd)oxides and charcoals) as
well as natural soil materials (derived from a
non-allophanic Andosol) were performed with
the aim of characterising their micro- (b2 nm)
and mesopores (2–50 nm). Both conventional,
i.e. thermally polarised (TP), and laser-polarised
or hyperpolarised (HP) 129Xe NMR was applied. The latter technique significantly increased sensitivity of the measurements. Information on the pore size range was derived from
the 129Xe resonance shifts, δ, monitored as
function of Xe loading, whereas the temperature dependences of δ provided information on
the nature of xenon–pore surface interactions in
terms of effective adsorption enthalpies. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) sorption on the
mesoporous Al2O3 was shown to proceed
inhomogeneously indicative by the Xe adsorption enthalpies corresponding to the co-existing
“empty” pores and pores coated with organic
species. In AlOOH, an interconnected system
of micro- and mesopores was tested. The enhanced sensitivity of HP 129Xe NMR allowed
us detecting micropores in charcoals, where N2
adsorption method underestimated porosity
due to the restricted N2 diffusion at 77 K. The
interconnected pore structure of charcoals was
attributed to the voids formed by both polyaromatic and aliphatic domains (evidenced by
13C NMR). The observed differences between
the TP- and HP 129Xe NMR patterns were explained by the restricted xenon diffusion
through charcoal particles caused by the constricted pore openings. Their suggested size is
of the order of one or two diameters of the Xe
atom. For the Andosol clay fractions, the large
low-field 129Xe shifts (up to 175 ppm) increasing with Xe pressure indicated a developed
porosity most obviously comprised by the interconnected micro- and mesopores. Such
porous network may originate from the “multidomain” structure of soil clay particles, i.e. particles formed by agglomerated nano-sized crystallites. The latter are assumed to be the
polynuclear Alx(H2O)y(OH)z clusters formed by
hydrolysis reactions of Al3+ species after the
destroying of Alhumus complexes by the
H2O2-oxidation.
Intra-annual Variability in Primary Producer
Groups and Nitrogen Dynamics in an Intermittently Closed Estuary Exposed to Mediterranean Climate
Haese, R., Pronk, G.J.: Estuaries and Coasts 34
(2011) 557-568
Nutrient dynamics in estuaries are temporally
variable in response to changing physical¯chemical conditions and biogeochemical
processes involving primary producer groups
such as phytoplankton, microphytobenthos,
seagrass and macroalgae. In order to reveal
intra-annual changes in the biomass of primary
producer groups and associated changes in
estuarine nutrient dynamics, we developed a
box model, coupling water inflows and outflows
and nitrogen dynamics in Wilson Inlet, a large,
central-basin-dominated, intermittently closed
estuary exposed to a Mediterranean climate in
Western Australia. The model is calibrated and
validated with monitoring data, aquatic plant
biomass estimates and biogeochemical rate
measurements. Macrophytes and their microalgal epiphytes appear to rapidly assimilate nutrients from the first flush from the catchment in
winter, but this buffer capacity then ceases,
and a phytoplankton 'bloom' develops in response to subsequent river runoff events in
spring. Significant amounts of bioavailable nitrogen are exported to the ocean because
phytoplankton predominance occurs while the
sand bar is breached. Surface sediments play a
key role for nitrogen dynamics: In late spring to
autumn, high light availability at the sediment
surface stimulates high primary production by
microphytobenthos, leading to reduced benthic
ammonium fluxes particularly in the deep basin.
Microphytobenthos contributes about 60% of
annual whole-system primary production. Despite high benthic primary production, nitrogen
release from sediments is the biggest nitrogen
source to the estuary.
Degradation of grass-derived pyrogenic organic material, transport of the residues
within a soil column and distribution in soil
organic matter fractions during a 28 month
microcosm experiment
Hilscher, A., Knicker, H.: Organic Geochemistry
42 (2011) 42-54
The microbial recalcitrance of char accumulated after vegetation fires and its transport
within a soil column were studied in microcosms using 13C- and 15N-enriched pyrogenic
organic material (PyOM). The PyOM from rye
grass (Lolium perenne L.) was produced by
charring at 350 °C under oxic conditions for 1
and 4 min to examine the impact of the charring degree. After 28 months, 13C recovery decreased to values between 62% and 65%, confirming that this material can be attacked by
microorganisms and that the degradation occurs rapidly after accumulation of PyOM at the
soil surface. The respective 15N recovery followed the same trend but tended to be higher
(between 67% and 80%). Most of the added
PyOM isotopic labels were recovered in the
particulate organic matter (POM) fraction, containing between 84% and 65% of the added
13
C and 15N after the first 2 months, being reduced by half at the end of the experiment.
After 1 month, up to 13.8% of the 13C label and
12.4% of the 15N label were detected in the
POM-free mineral fractions. This fast association of PyOM with the mineral phase indicates
that physical soil properties have to be considered for the elucidation of PyOM stability. Addition of fresh unlabelled grass material as cosubstrate resulted in comparable trends as for
the pure PyOM but the total recovery of the
isotopic labels clearly increased with respect to
the amount of mineral-associated PyOM. Between 73% and 82% of the mineral-associated
PyOM occurred in the clay separates (<2 ìm) for
which the highest values were obtained for the
experiment with the more intensively charred
PyOM and co-substrate addition.In summary,
the study demonstrates the degradability of
grass-derived PyOM. The addition of fresh
plant material as an easily degradable cosubstrate promoted the formation of partially
decomposed PyOM and subsequently its association with the mineral phase, but did not increase the respective mineralisation rates. Detection of 13C and 15N content at different
depths of the microcosm column demonstrated
an additional loss of PyOM from top soil by way
of mobilisation and transport to deeper horizons. All these processes have to be taken into
account in order to obtain a more realistic view
about the behaviour of PyOM in environmental
systems and for estimation of the C and N sequestration potential.
Carbon and nitrogen degradation on molecular scale of grass-derived pyrogenic
organic material during 28 months of incubation in soil
Hilscher, A., Knicker, H.: Soil Biology & Biochemistry 43 (2011) 261-270
63
The present study focuses on the microbial
recalcitrance of pyrogenic organic material
(PyOM) on a molecular scale. We performed
microcosm incubation experiments using 13Cand 15N-enriched grassderived PyOM mixed
with a sub soil material taken from a Haplic
Cambisol. Solid-state 13C and 15N NMR studies were conducted to elucidate the humification processes at different stages of PyOM
degradation. The chemical structure of the remaining PyOM after incubation was clearly
different from the initial pyrogenic material. The
proportion of O-containing functional groups
was increased, whereas that of aryl C and of Ncontaining heterocyclic structures had decreased, probably due to mineralisation and
conversion to other C and N groups. After 20
months of incubation the aryl C loss reached
up to 40% of the initial amount and up to 29%
of the remaining PyOM C was assigned to carboxyl/carbonyl C and O-aryl C. These reactions
alter the chemical and physical properties of
the char residue and make it more available for
further microbial attack but also for adsorption
processes. Our study presents direct evidence
for the degradation of N-heterocyclic domains
in charred plant remains adding new aspects to
the understanding of the N cycling in fireaffected ecosystems.
Grazing-induced changes of topsoil properties and their interaction on different spatial
scales in a semiarid grassland ecosystem in
Inner Mongolia, P.R. China
Kölbl, A., Steffens, M., Wiesmeier, M., Hoffmann, C., Funk, R., Krümmelbein, J., Zhao, Y.,
Peth, S., Horn, R., Giese, M., Kögel-Knabner, I.:
Plant and Soil 340 (1-2) (2011) 35-58
Semiarid steppe ecosystems account for
large terrestrial areas and are considered as
large carbon (C) sinks. However, fundamental
information on topsoil sensitivity to grazing
is lacking across different spatial scales including the effects of topography. Our interdisciplinary approach considering soil chemical,
physical, and vegetation properties included
investigations on pit scale (square-metre
scale), plot scale (hectare scale), and the scale
of a landscape section (several hectares).
Five different sites, representing a grazing intensity gradient, ranging from a long-term grazing exclosure to a heavily grazed site were
used. On the pit scale, data about aggregate
size distribution, quantity of different soil organic carbon (SOC) pools, SOC mineralisation,
hydraulic conductivity and shear strength was
64
available for topsoil samples from representative soil profiles. Spatial variability of topographical parameters, topsoil texture, bulk density, SOC, water repellency, and vegetation
cover was analysed on the basis of regular,
orthogonal grids in differently grazed treatments by using two different grid sizes on the
plot scale and landscape section. On the pit
scale, intensive grazing clearly decreased soil
aggregation and the amount of fresh, litter-like
particulate organic matter (POM). The weak
aggregation in combination with animal trampling led to an enhanced mineralisation of SOC,
higher topsoil bulk densities, lower infiltration
rates, and subsequently to a higher risk of soil
erosion. On the plot scale, the effects of soil
structure disruption due to grazing are enhanced by the degradation of vegetation
patches and resulted in a texture-controlled
wettability of the soil surface. In contrast, topsoils of grazing exclosures were characterised
by advantageous mechanical topsoil characteristics and SOC-controlled wettability due to
higher POM contents. A combined geostatistical and General Linear Model approach identified topography as the fundamental factor creating the spatial distribution of texture fractions
and related soil parameters on the scale of a
landscape section. Grazing strongly interfered
with the topography-controlled particle relocation processes in the landscape and showed
strongest effects on the aboveground biomass
production and biomass-related soil properties
like SOC stocks. We conclude that interdisciplinary multi-scale analyses are essential (i) to
differentiate between topography- and grazingcontrolled spatial patterns of topsoil and vegetation properties and (ii) to identify the main
grazing-sensitive processes on small scales
that are interacting with the spatial distribution
and relocation processes on larger scales.
Removal of PAHs from contaminated clayey
soil by means of electro-osmosis
Lima, A.T., Kleingeld, P.J., Heister, K., Loch,
J.P.G.: Separation and Purification Technology
79 (2011) 221-229
The removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from clayey soils is an intricate
task. The low porosity of compacted clayey soil
hinders bacterial activity and makes convective
removal by hydraulic flow impossible. Electroosmosis is a process that has been used for the
mobilization and cleanup of contaminants in
clayey soils with varying successes. The present study focuses on the remediation of a
contaminated peaty clay soil, located in Olst –
the Netherlands, by means of electro-osmosis.
The soil was originally contaminated by an asphalt production plant, active from 1903 to
1983, and presents high levels of all 16 priority
PAHs indicated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Such a long contact
times of PAH with the soil (≥100 years) presents
a unique study material with well established
solid/liquid contaminant partitioning equilibrium, preferable to artificially spiked soil. A
batch of 6 electro-osmosis laboratory experiments was carried out to study the removal of
16 PAHs through electro-osmosis. In these
experiments, water and a surfactant (Tween 80)
were used to enhance the PAH desorption. The
electroosmotic conductivities ranged from
2.88×10−10 to a substantial 1.19×10−7 m2 V−1 s−1
when applying a current density of 0.005–0.127
A m−2. Electro-osmosis was expected to occur
towards the cathode, because of natural soil
characteristics (negative zeta potential), but
presented scattered directions. The use of reference electrodes proved to be very effective to
the prediction of the flow direction. Finally, the
addition of Tween 80 as a surfactant enhanced
PAH removal up to 30% of the total PAH content of the soil in 9 days.
Sub-surface structures of ITER-grade W
(Japan) and re-crystallized W after ITERsimilar low-energy and high-flux D plasma
loadings
Lindig, S., Balden, M., Alimov, V. Kh., Manhard,
A., Höschen, C., Höschen, T., TyburskaPüschel, B., Roth, J.: Phys. Scr. T145 (2011)
014039 (7pp)
Tungsten is a promising candidate for plasmafacing materials in fusion reactors. In this work,
two types of W materials were investigated: (i)
sintered and forged tungsten (ITER-grade Japan, grain sizes 2–100ìm, elongated normal to
the surface) and (ii) the same W grade, but after
additional re-crystallization (at 2073 K, grain
size 50ìm). The samples were exposed to deuterium with an ion energy of 38 eVD−1, a fluence of 1027 Dm−2 and a flux of 1022 Dm−2
s−1 in a plasma generator at elevated temperatures (320–700 K). The D retention (determined
by thermal desorption spectroscopy and nuclear reaction analysis) of both sample types is
compared. The samples were analysed with
scanning electron microscopy combined with a
focused ion beam for iterative cross-sectioning
to obtain three-dimensional (3D) data of the
sub-surface. Electron backscattered diffraction
was applied to determine the grain orientation
and deformation. First nano-secondary ion
mass spectroscopy investigations were performed on a D-loaded sample to analyse the
lateral accumulation of H/D on the surface.
Specific surface area of clay minerals: Comparison between atomic force microscopy
measurements and bulk-gas (N2) and -liquid
(EGME) adsorption methods
Macht, F., Eusterhues, K., Pronk G.J., Totsche
K.U.: Applied Clay Science 53 (2011) 20-26
The specific surface area of natural particles is
an important parameter to quantify processes
such as mineral dissolution and sorptive interactions in soils and sediments. In this study, the
external specific surface area (SSA), specific
edge surface area (ESA) and specific basal
surface area (BSA) of an illite (Inter-ILI) and a
montmorillonite (Ceratosil) were determined by
atomic force microscopy (AFM) and compared
with the SSA obtained by N2 gas adsorption
(BET) and by liquid adsorption using ethylene
glycol monomethyl ether (EGME). For the illite
we found an SSA of 41 ± 3 m2 g- 1 by BET and
of 83 ± 5 m2 g- 1 by analysing 54 particles by
AFM. For the montmorillonite BET we estimated a SSA of 61 ± 2 m2 g- 1, whereas the
analysis of 62 particles by AFM images gave a
much larger mean SSA of 346 ± 37 m2 g- 1.
We assume that the sample treatment prior to
AFM imaging (involving dispersion by NaOH in
a dilute dispersion and sonication for 2 min)
resulted in delamination of the clay mineral
particles. The ESA was 5.6 ± 0.4 m2 g- 1 for
the illite, and 15 ± 2 m2 g- 1 for the montmorillonite. This leads to an ESA/BSA ratio of 0.07
for the illite and 0.05 for the montmorillonite for
the delaminated particles. For the untreated,
non-delaminated particles we calculated an
ESA/BSA ratio of 0.16 for the illite and of 0.27
for the montmorillonite. The specific surface
area as estimated by EGME was 112 m2 g- 1
for the illite and 475 m2 g- 1 for the montmorillonite, i.e. about 30-40% larger than the respective AFM values. However, this difference
in specific surface area was not in agreement
with the expected interlayer surface area of
both minerals.
Uncertainty of variance component estimates in nested sampling: a case study on
the field-scale spatial variability of a restored soil
Papritz, A., Dümig, A., Zimmermann, C., Gerke,
H.H., Felderer, B., Kögel-Knabner, I., Schaaf,
65
W., Schulin, R.: European Journal of Soil Science 62 (2011) 479–495
We studied the variation of soil properties on a
6-ha artificial catchment constructed near
Cottbus, Germany, to investigate processes of
initial ecosystem genesis. We wanted to evaluate whether spatial auto-correlation patterns
could be identified 3 years after site construction. Topsoil was sampled at 192 locations
using a balanced nested design involving six
spatial scales (0.2 to >60 m) and analysed for
particle size, organic matter content, pH, soluble P and various fractions of selected metals.
Variance components were estimated by residual maximum likelihood. The uncertainty of
variance estimates was characterized by the
Fisher Information matrix and likelihood joint
confidence regions. The latter approach was
used for the first time to characterize uncertainties of variance estimates in spatial nested
sampling. Likelihood ratio tests showed that all
variables were spatially auto-correlated but the
allocation of the variance to specific spatial
scales was highly uncertain. For most variables,
at least one variance component could not be
estimated precisely because the profile likelihood was either flat or the maximum lay on the
boundary of the parameter space. Uncertainty
estimates derived from the Fisher Information
matrix either could not be computed or were
unrealistic in these cases. Likelihood joint confidence regions gave more realistic uncertainty
estimates. Joint confidence regions for accumulated variance components showed that the
shape of the estimated variograms was poorly
defined for most variables. Simulations indicated that poor identification of variance components might be a general problem of nested
sampling surveys, which has been underestimated in the past. Hence, our work provides some incentive for re-examining the statistical properties of the methodology.
Microheterogeneity of element distribution
and sulfur speciation in an organic surface
horizon of a forested Histosol as revealed by
synchrotron-based X-ray spectromicroscopy
Prietzel, J., Kögel-Knabner, I., Thieme, J.,
Paterson, D., McNulty, D.: Organic Geochemistry 42 (2011) 1308–1314
In recent years, the relevance of physicochemical heterogeneity patterns in soils at the
micron and submicron scale for the regulation
of biogeochemical processes has become in-
66
creasingly evident. For an organic surface soil
horizon from a forested Histosol in Germany,
microspatial patterns of element distribution
(sulfur, phosphorus, aluminium, silicon) and S
speciation were investigated by synchrotronbased X-ray spectromicroscopy. Microspatial
patterns of S, P, Al and Si contents in the organic topsoil were assessed for a sample region of 50 lm 30 lm by spatially resolving l-XRF.
Sulfur speciation at four microsites was investigated by focused X-ray absorption near edge
structure (l-XANES) spectroscopy at the S Kedge. The results show a heterogeneous distribution of the investigated elements on the
(sub)-micron scale, allowing the identification of
diatoms, aluminosilicate mineral particles and
sulfide minerals in the organic soil matrix.
Evaluation of the S K-edge l-XANES spectra
acquired at four different microsites by linear
combination fitting revealed a substantial microspatial heterogeneity of S speciation, characterized by the presence of distinct enrichment zones of inorganic sulfide and zones with
dominant organic disulfide S within a few micrometers distance, and coexistence of different S species (e.g. reduced inorganic and organic S compounds) at a spatial scale below
the resolution of the instrument (60 nm x 60
nm; X-ray penetration depth: 30 μm).
Sulfur speciation in soil by S K-edge XANES
spectroscopy: Comparison of spectral deconvolution and Linear combination fitting
Prietzel, J., Botzaki, A., Tyuvekchieva, N., Brettholle, M., Thieme, J., Klysubun, W.: Environ.
Sci. & Technol. 45 (2011) 2878–2886
Defined, quartz-diluted mixtures of sulfur (S)
compounds with different oxidation state (OS)
were analyzed by K-edge XANES spectroscopy
using linear combination fitting (LCF) and spectrum deconvolution by fitting several Gaussian
and arctangent functions (GCF). Additionally,
for different soils the S speciation as calculated
by both methods was compared with results of
a wet chemical S speciation. For mixtures of
FeS, L-cysteine, and Na2SO4, the S speciation
was recovered with satisfactory accuracy and
precision by both methods at the 2 and 0.2 mg
S g1 level. For GCF, white-line peaks must be
normalized with respect to their OS-specific
absorption cross-section. LCF must be conducted with dilute reference compounds to
avoid self-absorption effects. For mixtures of
FeS, FeS2, S°, and L-cysteine, both procedures
showed poor accuracy. For the soils, similar
percentages of reduced inorganic S, organic S,
and sulfate were calculated by LCF, GCF, and
wet chemical S speciation. GCF allows a fair
estimation of S species groups with different
OS (inorganic reduced S, organic reduced S,
organic intermediate S, oxidized S) in soils
without standards. If dilute standards of all S
compounds assumed to be present in a sample
are available, LCF is more objective and allows
a more detailed S speciation.
Iron oxides as major available interface
component in loamy arable topsoils
Pronk, G.J., Heister, K., Kögel-Knabner, I.: Soil
Science Society of America Journal 75 (2011)
2158-2168
To characterize biogeochemical interface properties in soil with respect to oxide surfaces, the
contribution of weakly crystalline and crystalline
oxides to soil specific surface area (SSA) of
particle size fractions was determined. Three
arable topsoils with intermediate to high clay
content were subjected to ultrasonic dispersion
and particle size fractionation. The obtained silt
and clay fractions were treated with hydrogen
peroxide, extracted with oxalate and dithionite
and the SSA of all fractions was determined
using BET-N2. Results show that stable microaggregates were present in the coarse and
medium silt fractions of all soils that could not
be dispersed physically even at the highest
ultrasonic dispersion energy and were probably
stabilized by organic matter and iron oxides.
Iron oxides were a major contributor to the SSA
of all particle size fractions and the losses of
carbon after oxalate and dithionite extraction
showed that a major part of the organic matter
in all particle size fractions was stabilized by
iron oxides, even in these clay-rich soils.
Weakly crystalline oxide surface area did not
increase with decreasing particle size and calculated negative surface areas for some of the
fine fractions indicated that weakly crystalline
oxides were present as coatings on other minerals. The results demonstrate the importance
of (iron) oxides for microaggregation and stabilization of organic matter in soil. However, the
actual interface provided by these oxides depends on particle size and crystallinity due to
the possible occlusion of mineral surfaces by
organic matter and weakly crystalline oxides.
Accumulation of nitrogen and microbial
residues during 2000 years of rice paddy and
non-paddy soil development in the Yangtze
River Delta, China
Roth, P. J., Lehndorff, E., Cao, Z., Zhuang, S.,
Bannert, A., Wissing, L., Schloter, M., KögelKnabner, I., Amelung, W.: Global Change Biology 17 (2011) 3405-3417
Lowland rice paddy soils may accumulate significant amounts of organic matter. Our aim
was to investigate the role of prolonged paddy
management on the nitrogen (N) status of the
soils, and to elucidate the contribution of bacteria and fungi to long-term N accumulation
processes. For this purpose, we sampled a
chronosequence of 0–2000 years of rice cropping with adjacent non-paddy systems in the
Bay of Hangzhou, China. The samples were
analyzed for bulk density, total, mineral and
microbial N (Nmic), and amino sugars as markers
for microbial residues. The results showed that
during the first 100 years of land embankment,
both paddy and non-paddy soils accumulated
N at a rate of up to 61 and 77 kg ha−1 per annum, reaching steady-state conditions after
110–172 years, respectively. Final N stocks in
paddy fields exceeded those of the nonpaddies by a factor of 1.3. The contribution of
amino sugars to total N increased to a maximum of 34 g N kg−1 N in both land-use systems, highlighting a significant accumulation of
N in microbial residues of the surface soils.
Correspondingly, the ratio of Nmic to microbial
residue-N decreased to a constant value. In the
paddy subsoils, we found that bacterial residues particularly contributed to the pool of
microbial residue-N. Nevertheless, the absolute
contents of amino sugars in paddy subsoils
decreased during the last 1700 years of the
chronosequence. We conclude that under
paddy cultivation, soil microorganisms may
accumulate parts of this N in their residues
despite low overall N availability. However, this
N accumulation is limited to initial stages of
paddy soil development and restricted to the
surface horizons, thus challenging its sustainability with future land-use changes.
Deep soil organic matter-a key but poorly
understood component of terrestrial C cycle
Rumpel, C., Kögel-Knabner, I.: Plant and soil
338 (2011) 143-158
Despite their low carbon (C) content, most subsoil horizons contribute to more than half of the
total soil C stocks, and therefore need to be
considered in the global C cycle. Until recently,
the properties and dynamics of C in deep soils
was largely ignored. The aim of this review is to
synthesize literature concerning the sources,
67
composition, mechanisms of stabilisation and
destabilization of soil organic matter (SOM)
stored in subsoil horizons. Organic C input into
subsoils occurs in dissolved form (DOC) following preferential flow pathways, as aboveground
or root litter and exudates along root channels
and/or through bioturbation. The relative importance of these inputs for subsoil C distribution
and dynamics still needs to be evaluated. Generally, C in deep soil horizons is characterized
by high mean residence times of up to several
thousand years. With few exceptions, the carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio is decreasing with
soil depth, while the stable C and N isotope
ratios of SOM are increasing, indicating that
organic matter (OM) in deep soil horizons is
highly processed. Several studies suggest that
SOM in subsoils is enriched in microbialderived C compounds and depleted in energyrich plant material compared to topsoil SOM.
However, the chemical composition of SOM in
subsoils is soil-type specific and greatly influenced by pedological processes. Interaction
with the mineral phase, in particular amorphous
iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) oxides was reported
to be the main stabilization mechanism in acid
and near neutral soils. In addition, occlusion
within soil aggregates has been identified to
account for a great proportion of SOM preserved in subsoils. Laboratory studies have
shown that the decomposition of subsoil C with
high residence times could be stimulated by
addition of labile C. Other mechanisms leading
to destabilisation of SOMin subsoils include
disruption of the physical structure and nutrient
supply to soil microorganisms. One of the most
important factors leading to protection of SOM
in subsoils may be the spatial separation of
SOM, microorganisms and extracellular enzyme
activity possibly related to the heterogeneity of
C input. As a result of the different processes,
stabilized SOM in subsoils is horizontally stratified. In order to better understand deep SOM
dynamics and to include them into soil C models, quantitative information about C fluxes
resulting from C input, stabilization and destabilization processes at the field scale are necessary.
Patterns and processes of initial terrestrialecosystem development
Schaaf, W., Bens, O., Fischer, A., Gerke, H.H.,
Gerwin, W., Grundwald, U., Hollander, H.M.
Kögel-Knabner, I., Mutz, M., Schloter, M.,
Schulin, R., Veste, M., Winter, S., Hüttl, R.F.:
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 174
(2011) 229-239
68
Ecosystems are characterized as complex systems with abiotic and biotic processes interacting between the various components that have
evolved over long-term periods. Most ecosystem studies so far have been carried out in
mature systems. Only limited knowledge exists
on the very initial phase of ecosystem development. Concepts on the development of ecosystems are often based on assumptions and
extrapolations with respect to structure–
process interactions in the initial stage. To
characterize the effect of this initial phase on
structure and functioning of ecosystems in later
stages, it is necessary to disentangle the close
interaction of spatial and temporal patterns of
ecosystem structural assemblages with processes of ecosystem development. The study of
initial, less complex systems could help to better identify and characterize coupled patterns
and processes.
This paper gives an overview of concepts for
the initial development of different ecosystem
compartments and identifies open questions
and research gaps. The artificial catchment site
“Chicken Creek” is introduced as a new research approach to investigate these patterns
and processes of initial ecosystem development under defined boundary conditions. This
approach allows to integrate the relevant processes with related pattern and structure development over temporal and spatial scales and to
derive thresholds and stages in state and functioning of ecosystems at the catchment level.
Spatial and temporal variation of soil moisture in depend-ence of multiple environmental parameters in semi-arid grasslands
Schneider, K., Leopold, U., Gerschlauer, F.,
Barthold, F., Giese, M., Steffens, M., Hoffmann,
C., Frede, H.-G., Breuer, L.: Plant and soil 340
(1-2) (2011) 73-88
Grazing of grasslands changes soil physical
and chemical properties as well as vegetation
characteristics, such as vegetation cover, species composition and biomass production. In
consequence, nutrient allocation and water
storage in the top soil are affected. Land use
and management changes alter these processes. Knowledge on the impacts of grazing
management on nutrient and water fluxes is
necessary because of the global importance of
grasslands for carbon sequestration. Soil water
in semi-arid areas is a limiting factor for matter
fluxes and the intrinsic interaction between soil,
vegetation and atmosphere. It is therefore desirable to understand the effects of grazing
management and stocking rate on the spatial
and temporal distribution of soil moisture. In
the present study, we address the question
how spatio-temporal soil moisture distribution
on grazed and ungrazed grassland sites is affected by soil and vegetation properties. The
study took place in the Xilin river catchment in
Inner Mongolia (PR China). It is a semi-arid
steppe environment, which is characterized by
still moderate grazing compared to other regions in central Inner Mongolia. However,
stocking rates have locally increased and resulted in a degradation of soils and vegetation
also in the upper Xilin River basin. We used a
multivariate geostatistical approach to reveal
spatial dependencies between soil moisture
distribution and soil or vegetation parameters.
Overall, 7 soil and vegetation parameters (bulk
density, sand, silt and clay content, mean
weight diameter, mean carbon content of the
soil, vegetation cover) and 57 soil moisture data
sets were recorded on 100 gridded points
on four sites subject to different grazing
intensities. Increasing stocking rates accelerated the influence of soil and vegetation parameters on soil moisture. However, the correlation was rather weak, except for a site with
high stocking rate where higher correlations
were found. Low nugget ratios indicate spatial
dependency between soil or plant parameters
and soil moisture on a long-term ungrazed site.
However, the effect was not found for a second
ungrazed site that had been excluded from
grazing for a shorter period. Furthermore the
most important soil and vegetation parameters
for predicting soil moisture distribution varied
between different grazing intensities. Therefore,
predicting soil moisture by using secondary
variables requires a careful selection of the soil
or vegetation parameters.
Distribution of soil organic matter in fractions and aggregate size classes in grazed
semiarid steppe soils
Steffens, M., Kölbl, A., Kögel-Knabner, I.: Plant
and soil 338 (1-2) (2011) 63-81
Grazed steppe ecosystems are discussed as
one of the big global carbon sinks that may
have the potential to sequester large amounts
of atmospheric CO 2 and mitigate the effects of
global change if grazing is abandoned or management improved. But until today, little is
known about sequestration potentials and stabilisation mechanisms in complete soil profiles
of semiarid grasslands and how these systems react to grazing cessation. We applied
a combined aggregate size, density and
particle size fractionation procedure to sandy
steppe soils under different grazing intensities
(continuously grazed = Cg, winter grazing =
Wg, ungrazed since 1999 = Ug99, ungrazed
since 1979 = Ug79). Higher inputs of organic
matter in ungrazed treatments led to higher
amounts of OC in coarse aggregate size
classes (ASC) and especially in particulate organic matter (POM) fractions across all depth.
These processes started in the topsoil and took
more than 5 years to reach deeper soil horizons
(>10 cm). After 25 years of grazing cessation,
subsoils showed clearly higher POM amounts.
We found no grazing-induced changes of soil
organic matter (SOM) quantity in fine ASC and
particle size fractions. Current C-loading of fine
particle size fractions was similar between differently grazed plots and decreased with depth,
pointing towards free sequestration capacities
in deeper horizons. Despite these free capacities, we found no increase in current Cloading on fine mineral soil fractions after 25
years of grazing exclusion. Silt and clay fractions appeared to be saturated. We suppose
empirical estimations to overestimate sequestration potentials of particle size fractions or climatic conditions to delay the decomposition and incorporation of OM into
these particle size fractions. POM quality was
analysed using solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy to clarify if grazing cessation changed
chemical composition of POM in different ASC
and soil depths via changing litter quality or
changing decomposition dynamics. We found
comparable POM compositions between different grazing intensities. POM is decomposed
hierarchically from coarse to fine particles in all
soil depths and grazing cessation has not affected the OM decomposition processes. The
surplus of OM due to grazing cessation was
predominately sequestered in readily decomposable POM fractions across all affected horizons. We question the long-term stabilisation of
OM in these steppe soils during the first 25
years after grazing cessation and request more
studies in the field of long-term OM stabilisation
processes and assessment of carbon sequestration capacities to consider deeper soil horizons.
Molecular dynamics study of grain boundary
diffusion of hydrogen in tungsten
von Toussaint, U., Gori, S., Manhard, A., Höschen, T., Höschen, C.: Phys. Scr. T145 (2011)
014036 (6pp)
69
Understanding the influence of the microstructure of tungsten on hydrogen transport is crucial for the use of tungsten as first-wall material
in fusion reactors. Here, we report the results of
molecular dynamics and transition state studies
on the influence of grain boundaries in tungsten
on the transport of hydrogen. An exhaustive
mapping of possible minimum activation energy
migration trajectories for hydrogen as the trace
impurity reveals a strongly modified activation
energy distribution in the neighborhood of grain
boundaries together with an altered connectivity matrix. The results indicate that grain
boundaries in polycrystalline tungsten may
provide an important transport channel, especially for neutron-damaged tungsten.
Digital mapping of soil organic matter
stocks using Random Forest modeling in a
semi-arid steppe ecosystem
Wiesmeier, M., Barthold, F.K., Blank, F.B.,
Kögel-Knabner, I.: Plant & Soil 340 (2011) 7-24
Spatial prediction of soil organic matter is a
global challenge and of particular importance
for regions with intensive land use and where
availability of soil data is limited. This study
evaluated a Digital Soil Mapping (DSM) approach to model the spatial distribution of
stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC), total carbon (Ctot), total nitrogen (Ntot) and total sulphur (Stot) for a data-sparse, semi-arid catchment in Inner Mongolia, Northern China. Random Forest (RF) was used as a new modeling
tool for soil properties and Classification and
Regression Trees (CART) as an additional
method for the analysis of variable importance.
At 120 locations soil profiles to 1 m depth were
analyzed for soil texture, SOC, Ctot, Ntot, Stot,
bulk density (BD) and pH. On the basis of a
digital elevation model, the catchment was
divided into pixels of 90 m × 90 m and for each
cell, predictor variables were determined: land
use unit, Reference Soil Group (RSG), geological unit and 12 topography-related variables.
Prediction maps showed that the highest
amounts of SOC, Ctot, Ntot and Stot stocks
are stored under marshland, steppes and
mountain meadows. River-like structures of
very high elemental stocks in valleys within the
steppes are partly responsible for the high
amounts of SOC for grasslands (81 – 84% of
total catchment stocks). Analysis of variable
importance showed that land use, RSG and
geology are the most important variables influencing SOC storage. Prediction accuracy of the
RF modeling and the generated maps was ac-
70
ceptable and explained variances of 42 to 62%
and 66 to 75%, respectively. A decline of up to
70% in elemental stocks was calculated after
conversion of steppe to arable land confirming
the risk of rapid soil degradation if steppes are
cultivated. Thus their suitability for agricultural
use is limited.
Organic carbon accumulation in a 2000-year
chronosequence of paddy soil evolution
Wissing, L., Kölbl, A., Vogelsang, V., Fu, J.-R.,
Cao, Z.H., Kögel-Knabner, I.: Catena 87 (2011)
376-385
Considerable amounts of soil organic matter
(SOM) are stabilized in paddy soils, and thus a
large proportion of the terrestrial carbon is conserved in wetland rice soils. Nonetheless, the
mechanisms for stabilization of organic carbon
(OC) in paddy soils are largely unknown. Based
on a chronosequence derived from marine
sediments, the objectives of this study are to
investigate the accumulation of OC and the
concurrent loss of inorganic carbon (IC) and to
identify the role of the soil fractions for the stabilization of OC with increasing duration of
paddy soil management. A chronosequence of
six age groups of paddy soil formation was
chosen in the Zhejiang Province (PR China),
ranging from 50 to 2000 years (yrs) of paddy
management. Soil samples obtained from horizontal sampling of three soil profiles within
each age group were analyzed for bulk density
(BD), OC as well as IC concentrations, OC
stocks of bulk soil and the OC contributions to
the bulk soil of the particle size fractions. Paddy
soils are characterized by relatively low bulk
densities in the puddled topsoil horizons (1.0
and 1.2 g cm−3) and high values in the plow
pan (1.6 g cm−3). Our results demonstrate a
substantial loss of carbonates during soil formation, as the upper 20 cm were free of carbonates in 100-year-old paddy soils, but carbonate removal from the entire soil profile required almost 700 yrs of rice cultivation. We
observed an increase of topsoil OC stocks from
2.5 to 4.4 kgm−2 during 50 to 2000 yrs of
paddy management. The OC accumulation in
the bulk soil was dominated by the silt- and
clay-sized fractions. The silt fraction showed a
high accretion of OC and seems to be an important long-term OC sink during soil evolution.
Fine clay in the puddled topsoil horizon was
already saturated and the highest storage capacity for OC was calculated for coarse clay.
With longer paddy management, the fractions
<20 ìm showed an increasing actual OC satura-
tion level, but did not reach the calculated potential storage capacity.
Labile organic C and N mineralization of soil
aggregate size classes in semi-arid grasslands as affected by grazing management
Wu, H., Wiesmeier, M., Yu, Q., Steffens, M.,
Han, X., Kögel-Knabner, I.: Biology and Fertility
of Soils (2011) DOI 10.1007/s00374-011-06274
Soil labile organic carbon (C) oxidation drives
the flux of CO2 between soils and the atmosphere. However, the impact of grazing management and the contribution soil aggregate
size classes (ASC) to labile organic C from
grassland soils is unclear. We evaluated the
effects of grazing intensity and soil ASC on the
soil labile organic C, including CO2 production,
microbial biomass C and dissolved organic C
and nitrogen （N） mineralization in topsoils (010 cm) in Inner Mongolia, Northern China. Soil
samples were separated into aggregate size
classes of 0-630 um (fine ASC), 630-2000 um
(medium ASC) and >2000um (coarse ASC). The
results showed that heavy grazing (HG) and
continuous grazing (CG) increased soil labile
organic C significantly compared to an ungrazed site since 1999 (UG99) and an ungrazed
site since 1979 (UG79). For winter grazing site
(WG), no significant differences were found.
Carbon dioxide production was highest in
coarse ASC, while lowest in fine ASC. Microbial
biomass C and dissolved organic C showed the
highest values in medium ASC and were significantly lower in fine ASC. Grazing increased
N mineralization in bulk soils while exhibited
complex effects in the three ASCs. The results
suggest that the rate of C mineralization was
related to the rate of N accumulation. To reduce CO2 emission, nutrient loss, and improve
soil quality and productivity, a grazing system
with moderate intensity is suggested.
Human and climate impact on 15N natural
abundance of plants and soils in highmountain ecosystems: a short review and
two examples from the Eastern Pamirs and
Mt. Kilimanjaro
Zech, M., Bimüller, C., Hemp, A., Samimi, C.,
Broesike, C., Hörold, C., Zech, W.: Isotpes in
Environmental and Health Studies 47 (2011)
286-296
Population pressure increasingly endangers
high-mountain ecosystems such as the pas-
tures in the Eastern Pamirs and the mountain
forests on Mt. Kilimanjaro. At the same time,
these ecosystems constitute the economic
basis for millions of people living there. In our
study, we, therefore, aimed at characterising
the land-use effects on soil degradation and Ncycling by determining the natural abundance
of 15N. A short review displays that δ15N of
plant–soil systems may often serve as an integrated indicator of N-cycles with more positive
δ15N values pointing towards N-losses. Results
for the high-mountain pastures in the Eastern
Pamirs show that intensively grazed pastures
are significantly enriched in 15N compared to
the less-exploited pastures by 3.5 ‰, on average. This can be attributed to soil organic matter degradation, volatile nitrogen losses, nitrogen leaching and a general opening of the Ncycle. Similarly, the intensively degraded savanna soils, the cultivated soils and the soils
under disturbed forests on the foothill of Mt.
Kilimanjaro reveal very positive δ15N values
around 6.5 ‰. In contrast, the undisturbed
forest soils in the montane zone are more depleted in 15N, indicating that here the N-cycle is
relatively closed. However, significantly higher
δ15N values characterise the upper montane
forest zone at the transition to the subalpine
zone. We suggest that this reflects N-losses by
the recently monitored and climate change and
antropogenically induced increasing fire frequency pushing the upper montane rainforest
boundary rapidly downhill. Overall, we conclude
that the analysis of the 15N natural abundance
in high-mountain ecosystems is a purposeful
tool for detecting land-use- or climate changeinduced soil degradation and N-cycle opening.
PROFESSUR FÜR BODENÖKOLOGIE
ETBE (ethyl tert butyl ether) and TAME (tert
amyl methyl ether) affect microbial community structure and function in soils
Bartling, J., Esperschütz, J., Wilke, B.M.,
Schloter, M.: Journal of Hazardous Material 187
(2011) 488-494
Ethyl tert butyl ether (ETBE) and tert amyl
methyl ether (TAME) are oxygenates used in
gasoline in order to reduce emissions from
vehicles. The present study investigated their
impact on a soil microflora that never was exposed to any contamination before. Therefore,
soil was artificially contaminated and incubated
over 6 weeks. Substrate induced respiration
(SIR) measurements and phospholipid fatty
71
acid (PLFA) analysis indicated shifts in both,
microbial function and structure during incubation. The results showed an activation of microbial respiration in the presence of ETBE and
TAME, suggesting biodegradation by the microflora. Furthermore, PLFA concentrations
decreased in the presence of ETBE and TAME
and Gram-positive bacteria became more
dominant in the microbial community.
Evaluating the ability of four crop models to
predict different environmental impacts on
spring wheat grown in open-top chambers
Biernath, C., Gayler, S., Bittner, S., Klein, C.,
Högy, P., Fangmeier, A., Priesack, E.: European
Journal of Agronomy 35 (2011) 71-82
We used the modeling package Expert-N to
investigate the ability of four genericmechanistic crop models that were originally
developed under field conditions to simulate
the plant growth of spring wheat grown in
open-top chambers (OTC) under different environmental conditions. We focus on the impacts
of water limitation and elevated atmospheric
CO2 concentration on biomass production.
Expert-N facilitates the comparison of the
components of agro-ecosystem models because it allows the exchange of single modules
while leaving the rest of the model unchanged.
The crop growth part of the models SPASS,
CERES-Wheat, SUCROS and GECROS were
combined with the Penman–Monteith equation
for potential evapotranspiration, the HYDRUS1D model for water transport and the LEACHN
model for nitrogen transport and turnover simulation. The models were applied to a data set
provided by OTC experiments with spring
wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. ‘Minaret’) that
was grown under two atmospheric CO2 concentrations (ambient/elevated), two irrigation
schemes (non-limited water supply/water limitation)
and
two
soil
types
(Cambisol/Chernosem) in two subsequent vegetation
periods (1998/1999). Based on the model calibration using experimental and literature data,
the best simulation results describing the impact of the considered environmental conditions were obtained using the SUCROS model
followed by the SPASS, GECROS and CERES
models. The study depicts the shortcomings of
the underlying processes in all of the models.
These shortcomings need to be addressed
when models are applied on regional scales or
for prediction under climate change conditions.
72
Carbon allocation and carbon isotope fluxes
in the plant soil atmosphere continuum
Brüggemann, N., Gessler, A., Kayler, Z., Keel,
S., Badeck, F., Barthel, M., Boeckx, P., Buchmann, N., Brugnoli, E., Esperschütz, J.,
Gavrichkova, O., Ghashghaie, J., Gomez, N.,
Keitel, C., Knohl, A., Kuptz, D., Palacio, S.,
Salmon, Y., Uchida, Y., Bahn, M.: Biogeosciences 8 (2011) 3457-3489
The terrestrial carbon (C) cycle has received
increasing interest over the past few decades,
however, there is still a lack of understanding of
the fate of newly assimilated C allocated within
plants and to the soil, stored within ecosystems
and lost to the atmosphere. Stable carbon isotope studies can give novel insights into these
issues. In this review we provide an overview of
an emerging picture of plant-soil-atmosphere C
fluxes, as based on C isotope studies, and
identify processes determining related C isotope signatures. The first part of the review
focuses on isotopic fractionation processes
within plants during and after photosynthesis.
The second major part elaborates on plantinternal and plant-rhizosphere C allocation patterns at different time scales (diel, seasonal,
interannual), including the speed of C transfer
and time lags in the coupling of assimilation
and respiration, as well as the magnitude and
controls of plant-soil C allocation and respiratory fluxes. Plant responses to changing environmental conditions, the functional relationship between the physiological and phenological status of plants and C transfer, and interactions between C, water and nutrient dynamics
are discussed. The role of the C counterflow
from the rhizosphere to the aboveground parts
of the plants, e.g. via CO2 dissolved in the xylem water or as xylem-transported sugars, is
highlighted. The third part is centered around
belowground C turnover, focusing especially on
above- and belowground litter inputs, soil organic matter formation and turnover, production and loss of dissolved organic C, soil respiration and CO2 fixation by soil microbes. Furthermore, plant controls on microbial communities and activity via exudates and litter production as well as microbial community effects on
C mineralization are reviewed. A further part of
the paper is dedicated to physical interactions
between soil CO2 and the soil matrix, such as
CO2 diffusion and dissolution processes within
the soil profile. Finally, we highlight state-ofthe-art stable isotope methodologies and their
latest developments. From the presented evidence we conclude that there exists a tight
coupling of physical, chemical and biological
processes involved in C cycling and C isotope
fluxes in the plant-soil-atmosphere system.
Generally, research using information from C
isotopes allows an integrated view of the different processes involved. However, complex
interactions among the range of processes
complicate or currently impede the interpretation of isotopic signals in CO2 or organic compounds at the plant and ecosystem level. This
review tries to identify present knowledge gaps
in correctly interpreting carbon stable isotope
signals in the plant-soil-atmosphere system
and how future research approaches could
contribute to closing these gaps.
Haloorganics in temperate forest ecosystems: Sources, Transport and degradation.
In P. Schröder and C.D. Collins (eds.) Organic Xenobiotics and Plants: From Mode of
Action to Ecophysiology
Clarke, N., Gryndler, M., Liste, H.H., Schroll, R.,
Schröder, P., Matucha, M.: Plant Ecophysiology 8 (2011) DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-98528_2, Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 17
– 45
The halogens, most importantly fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine, occur in nature as
ions and compounds, including organic compounds. Halogenated organic substances
(haloorganics) were long considered purely
anthropogenic products; however, they are in
addition a commonly occurring and important
part of natural ecosystems. Natural haloorganics are produced largely by living organisms,
although abiotic production occurs as well. A
survey is given of processes of formation,
transport, and degradation of haloorganics in
temperate and boreal forests, predominantly in
Europe. More work is necessary in order to
understand the environmental impact of
haloorganics in temperate and boreal forest
soils. This includes both further research, especially to understand the key processes of formation and degradation of halogenated compounds, and monitoring of the substances in
question in forest ecosystems. It is also important to understand the effect of various forest
management techniques on haloorganics, as
management can be used to produce desired
effects.
Expression Analysis of Zeaxanthin Epoxidase of genetically Engineered Zeaxanthinrich potatoes in comparison to conventional
cultivars under field conditions
Dong, X., Meisel, B., Block, A., Graßmann, J.,
Radl, V., Weinert, N., Meincke, R., Berg, G.,
Wenzel, G., Schloter, M., Molert, V.: Transgenic
Plants Journal 5 (2011) 35-42
Two genetically engineered (GE) zeaxanthinrich potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) clones,
derived from potato cultivar ‘Baltica’ were
evaluated under open-field conditions with
respect to agronomic performance, stability
and tuber-specific expression of the inserted
zeaxanthin epoxidase (zep) gene. Data collected from two field sites totalling four environments in Germany demonstrated that general morphology and tuber yield of GE potato
clones were not impaired by the metabolic
changes in tuber tissue. Quantitative real-time
PCR analysis of zep gene expression in leaves,
roots and tubers collected at three different
developmental stages from the two GE potato
clones and the conventional counterpart clone
‘Baltica’ showed that the transgene maintained
its ability to induce the accumulation of zeaxanthin in tubers, while no significant zep expression changes were found in leaves and roots.
The results clearly demonstrated that the tuberspecific promoter led to a strict tissue-specific
expression of the inserted gene in the two GE
potato clones in each of the four environments.
Additionally, HPLC measurement showed that
the tubers from two GE clones contained 19.5
to 58.7 μg/g dw of zeaxanthin, while the zeaxanthin content in the tubers of ‘Baltica’ was
under detection level. HPLC results together
with qRT-PCR results confirmed the inverse
relationship between zep expression level and
the accumulation of zeaxanthin in GE tubers.
Furthermore, zep expression analysis of four
other conventional cultivars showed that gene
expression differed in a similar or even greater
range among the four conventional cultivars
investigated than was the variation between GE
clones and ‘Baltica’.
Microbial food web dynamics along a soil
chronsequence of a glacier forefield
Esperschütz, J., Perez-de-Mora, A., Schreiner,
K., Welzl, G., Buegger, F., Zeyer, J., Hagedorn,
F., Munch, J.C., Schloter, M.: Biogeosciences
Discussion 8 (2011) 1275 - 1308
Microbial food webs are critical for efficient
nutrient turnover providing the basis for functional and stable ecosystems. However, the
successional development of such microbial
food webs and their role in “young” ecosystems is unclear. Due to a continuous glacier
73
retreat since the middle of the 19th century,
glacier forefields have expanded offering an
excellent opportunity to study food web dynamics in soils at different developmental
stages. In the present study, litter degradation
and the corresponding C fluxes into microbial
communities were investigated along the forefield of the Damma glacier (Switzerland). 13Cenriched litter of the pioneering plant Leucanthemopsis alpina (L.) Heywood was incorporated into the soil at sites that have been free
from ice for approximately 10, 60, 100 and
more than 700 years. The structure and function of microbial communities were identified by
13C analysis of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA)
and phospholipid ether lipids (PLEL). Results
showed increasing microbial diversity and biomass, and enhanced proliferation of bacterial
groups as ecosystem development progressed.
Initially, litter decomposition proceeded faster
at the more developed sites, but at the end of
the experiment loss of litter mass was similar at
all sites, once the more easilydegradable litter
fraction was processed. As a result incorporation of 13C into microbial biomass was more
evident during the first weeks of litter decomposition. 13C enrichments of both PLEL and
PLFA biomarkers following litter incorporation
were observed at all sites, suggesting similar
microbial foodwebs at all stages of soil development. Nonetheless, the contribution of bacteria, especially actinomycetes to litter turnover
became more pronounced as soil age increased in detriment of archaea, fungi and protozoa, more prominent in recently deglaciated
terrain.
Incorporation of carbon from decomposing
litter of two pioneer plant species into microbial communities of the detritusphere;
Esperschütz, J., Welzl, G., Schreiner, K., Buegger, F., Munch, J.C., Schloter, M.: FEMS Microbial Letters 213 (2011) 133-139
Initial ecosystems are characterized by a low
availability of nutrients and a low soil organic
matter content. Interactions of plants and microorganisms in such environments, particularly
in relation to litter decomposition, are very important for further ecosystem development. In a
litter decomposition study using an initial substrate from a former mining area, we applied
the litter of two contrasting pioneer plant species (legume vs. pasture plants), Lotus corniculatus and Calamagrostis epigejos, which are
commonly observed in the study area. Litter
decomposition was investigated and carbon (C)
74
translocation from litter into soil microorganisms was described by following 13C from labelled plant litter materials into the fraction of
phospholipid fatty acids. Labile C compounds
of both plant litter types were easily degraded
during the first 4 weeks of litter decomposition.
In contrast to climax ecosystems, where the
importance of fungi for litter degradation has
been shown in many studies, in our experiment,
data clearly indicate an outcompetition of fungi
by Gram-positive bacteria as soon as available
nitrogen is limited in the detritusphere.
Pulse emissions of N2O and CO2 from an
arable field depending on fertilization and
tillage practice
Fuß, R., Ruth, B., Schilling, R., Scherb, H.,
Munch, J.C.: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 144 (2011) 61–68
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from soil are
characterized by strong emission pulses. Although several mechanisms are known to create them, pulses are difficult to predict. Currently there is no established systematic way to
identify pulses from long-term static chamber
measurement results. In this study we suggest
a simple algorithm for pulse identification. The
algorithm was applied on time series of N2O
and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes from a field
study on the long-term impact of fertilization
and tillage practice. Between 4 and 9% of N2O
values were pulse values; 20–60% of total
emission was emitted as pulses. Minimum tillage resulted in more pulses than plowing. In
contrast, long-term averages of N2O losses
from nitrogen (N) fertilizer were similar (3–4%)
for all management practices. N2O emissions
per crop yield for increased fertilization practice
were double the values for reduced fertilization
practice independent of tillage practice. CO2
emission pulses were scarce and there was no
significant effect of management practice on
CO2 pulse probability.
Impact of soil water regime on degradation
and plant uptake behaviour of the herbicide
isoproturon in different soil types
Grundmann, S., Dörfler, U., Munch, J.C., Ruth,
B., Schroll, R.: Chemosphere 82 (2011) 14611467
The environmental fate of the worldwide used
herbicide isoproturon was studied in four different, undisturbed lysimeters in the temperate
zone of Middle Europe. To exclude climatic
effects due to location, soils were collected at
different regions in southern Germany and analyzed at a lysimeter station under identical environmental conditions. 14C-isoproturon mineralization varied between 2.59% and 57.95% in
the different soils. Barley plants grown on these
lysimeters accumulated 14C-pesticide residues
from soil in partially high amounts and emitted
14CO2 in an extent between 2.01% and
13.65% of the applied 14Cpesticide. Plant uptake and 14CO2 emissions from plants were
inversely linked to the mineralization of the pesticide in the various soils: High isoproturon
mineralization in soil resulted in low plant uptake whereas low isoproturon mineralization in
soil resulted in high uptake of isoproturon residues in crop plants and high 14CO2 emission
from plant surfaces. The soil water regime was
identified as an essential factor that regulates
degradation and plant uptake of isoproturon
whereby the intensity of the impact of this factor is strongly dependent on the soil type.
Effects of a genetically modified starch metabolism in potato plants on photosynthate
fluxes into the rhizosphere and on microbial
degraders of root exudates
Gschwendtner, S., Esperschütz, J., Buegger,
F., Reichmann, M., Müller, M., Radl, V., Munch,
J.C., Schloter, M.: FEMS Microbiology Ecology
76 (2011) 564-575
A high percentage of photosynthetically
assimilated carbon is released into soil via root
exudates, which are acknowledged as the most
important factor for the development of
microbial rhizosphere communities. As quality
and quantity of root exudates are dependent on
plant genotype, the genetic engineering of
plants might also influence carbon partitioning
within the plant and thus microbial rhizosphere
community structure. In this study, the carbon
allocation patterns within the plant-rhizosphere
system of a genetically modified amylopectinaccumulating potato line (Solanum tuberosum
L.) were linked to microbial degraders of root
exudates under greenhouse conditions, using
13
C-CO2 pulse-chase labelling in combination
with phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. In
addition, GM plants were compared with the
parental cultivar as well as a second potato
cultivar obtained by classical breeding.
Rhizosphere samples were obtained during
young leaf developmental and flowering stages.
13
C allocation in aboveground plant biomass,
water-extractable organic carbon, microbial
biomass carbon and PLFA as well as the
microbial
community
structure
in
the
rhizosphere varied significantly between the
natural
potato
cultivars.
However,
no
differences between the GM line and its
parental cultivar were observed. Besides the
considerable impact of plant cultivar, the plant
developmental
stage
affected
carbon
partitioning via the plant into the rhizosphere
and, subsequently, microbial communities
involved in the transformation of root exudates.
Accumulation of sulfonamide resistance
genes in arable soils due to repeated application of manure containing sulfadiazie
Heuer, H., Solehati, Q., Zimmerling, U., Kleineidam, K., Schloter, M., Müller, T., Focks, A.,
Thiele-Bruhn, S., Smalla, K.: Applied Environmental Microbiology 77 (2011) 2527-2530
Two soils were amended three times with pig
manure. The abundance of sulfonamide resistance genes was determined by quantitative
PCR 2 months after each application. In both
soils treated with sulfadiazine-containing manure, the numbers of copies of sul1 and sul2
significantly increased compared to numbers
after treatments with antibiotic-free manure or a
control and accumulated with repeated applications.
A one-dimensional model of water flow in
soil-plant systems based on plant architecture
Janott, M., Gayler, S., Gessler, A., Javaux, M.,
Klier, C., Priesack E.: A one-dimensional model
of water flow in soil-plant systems based on
plant architecture. Plant and Soil 341 (2011)
233-256
The estimation of root water uptake and water
flow in plants is crucial to quantify transpiration
and hence the water exchange between land
surface and atmosphere. In particular the soil
water extraction by plant roots which provides
the water supply of plants is a highly dynamic
and non-linear process interacting with soil
transport processes that are mainly determined
by the natural soil variability at different scales.
To better consider this root-soil interaction we
extended and further developed a finite element
tree hydrodynamics model based on the onedimensional (1D) porous media equation. This
is achieved by including in addition to the explicit three dimensional (3D) architectural representation of the tree crown a corresponding 3D
characterisation of the root system. This 1D
xylem water flow model was then coupled to a
75
soil water flow model derived also from the 1D
porous media equation. We apply the new
model to conduct sensitivity analysis of root
water uptake and transpiration dynamics and
compare the results to simulation results obtained by using a 3D model of soil water flow
and root water uptake. Based on data from
lysimeter experiments with young European
beech trees (Fagus silvatica L.) is shown, that
the model is able to correctly describe transpiration and soil water flow. In conclusion, compared to a fully 3D model the 1D porous media
approach provides a computationally efficient
alternative, able to reproduce the main mechanisms of plant hydro-dynamics including root
water uptake from soil.
Climate extremes trigger ecosystem regulating functions while maintaining productivity
Jentsch, A, Elmer, M., Gelleschm E., Glaser, B.,
Grant, K., Hein, R., Kreyling, J., Mirzae, H.,
Nadler, S., Nagy, L., Otieno, D., Pritsch, K.,
Rascher, U., Schädler, M., Schloter, M., Walter,
J., Wellstein, C., Wöllecke, J., Beierkuhnlein, C.:
Journal of Ecology 99 (2011) 689-702
1. Studying the effects of climate or weather
extremes such as drought and heat waves on
biodiversity and ecosystem functions is one of
the most important facets of climate change
research. In particular, primary production is
amounting to the common currency in field
experiments world-wide. Rarely, however, are
multiple ecosystem functions measured in a
single study in order to address general
patterns across different categories of
responses and to analyse effects of climate
extremes on various ecosystem functions.
2. We set up a long-term field experiment,
where we applied recurrent severe drought
events annually for five consecutive years to
constructed grassland communities in central
Europe. The 32 response parameters studied
were closely related to ecosystem functions
such as primary production, nutrient cycling,
carbon
fixation,
water
regulation
and
community stability.
3. Surprisingly, in the face of severe drought,
above- and below-ground primary production
of plants remained stable across all years of the
drought manipulation.
4. Yet, severe drought significantly reduced
below-ground performance of microbes in soil
indicated by reduced soil respiration, microbial
biomass and cellulose decomposition rates as
well as mycorrhization rates. Furthermore,
drought reduced leaf water potential, leaf gas
76
exchange and leaf protein content, while
increasing maximum uptake capacity, leaf
carbon isotope signature and leaf carbohydrate
content. With regard to community stability,
drought induced complementary plant–plant
interactions and shifts in flower phenology, and
decreased invasibility of plant communities and
primary consumer abundance.
5. Synthesis. Our results provide the first fieldbased experimental evidence that climate
extremes initiate plant physiological processes,
which may serve to regulate ecosystem
productivity. A potential reason for different
dynamics in various ecosystem services facing
extreme climatic events may lie in the temporal
hierarchy of patterns of fast versus slow
response. Such data on multiple response
parameters within climate change experiments
foster the understanding of mechanisms of
resilience, of synergisms or decoupling of
biogeochemical processes, and of fundamental
response dynamics to drought at the
ecosystem level including potential tipping
points and thresholds of regime shift. Future
work is needed to elucidate the role of
biodiversity and of biotic interactions in
modulating ecosystem response to climate
extremes.
Influence of land-use intensity on spatial
distribution of N-cycling microorganisms in
grassland soils
Keil, D., Meyer, A., Berner, D., Poll, C.,
Schützenmeister, A., Piepho, P., Vlasenko, A.,
Philippot, L., Schloter, M., Kandeler, E.,
Marhan, S.: FEMS Microbiology Ecology 77
(2011) 95-106
A geostatistical approach using replicated
grassland sites (10 m × 10 m) was applied to
investigate the influence of grassland
management, i.e. unfertilized pastures and
fertilized mown meadows representing low and
high land-use intensity (LUI), on soil
biogeochemical
properties
and
spatial
distributions
of
ammonia-oxidizing
and
denitrifying microorganisms in soil. Spatial
autocorrelations of the different N-cycling
communities ranged between 1.4 and 7.6 m for
ammonia oxidizers and from 0.3 m for nosZtype denitrifiers to scales >14 m for nirK-type
denitrifiers. The spatial heterogeneity of
ammonia oxidizers and nirS-type denitrifiers
increased in high LUI, but decreased for
biogeochemical properties, suggesting that
biotic and/or abiotic factors other than those
measured are driving the spatial distribution of
these microorganisms at the plot scale.
Furthermore,
ammonia
oxidizers
(amoA
ammonia-oxidizing
archaea
and
amoA
ammonia-oxidizing
bacteria)
and
nitrate
reducers (napA and narG) showed spatial
coexistence, whereas niche partitioning was
found between nirK- and nirS-type denitrifiers.
Together, our results indicate that spatial
analysis is a useful tool to characterize the
distribution of different functional microbial
guilds with respect to soil biogeochemical
properties and land-use management. In
addition, spatial analyses allowed us to identify
distinct distribution ranges indicating the
coexistence or niche partitioning of N-cycling
communities in grassland soil.
Modeling Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Potato-Cropped Soil
Klier, C., Gayler, S., Haberbosch, C., Ruser, R.,
Stenger, R., Flessa, H., Priesack, E.: Vadose
Zone Journal 10 (2011) 184-194
Intensive agricultural land use is considered to
be the major source of the anthropogenic contribution to the increase in atmospheric N2O
concentration during the last decades. A reduction of anthropogenic N2O emissions therefore
requires a change in agricultural management
practices. Mathematical models help to understand interacting processes in the N cycle and
state variables affecting N2O emissions. The
aim of this study was to test two modeling approaches for their ability to describe and quantify the seasonal variations of N2O fluxes in a
potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)-cropped soil.
Model 1 assumes a fixed N2O/N2 ratio for N2O
production and neglects the transport of N2O in
the soil profile; Model 2 explicitly considers N2O
transport and assumes a dynamic reduction of
N2O to N2. Data for model evaluation came
from an experiment where N2O fluxes were
monitored during the vegetation period using a
closed chamber technique. Generally, both
modeling approaches were able to describe the
observed seasonal dynamics of N2O emissions
and events of high N2O emissions due to increased denitrification activity after heavy precipitation. The inclusion of a gas transport
module in the modeling approach resulted in
simulated N2O emission dynamics showing a
smoother transient behavior. Extremely high
emission rates from the interrow soil of the
potato field were underestimated by both models. The lower N2O release from the ridge soil
was mainly due to better aeration because of a
lower soil bulk density and lower water con-
tents caused by lateral runoff and root water
uptake.
Influence of difloxacin-contaminated manure
on microbial community structure and function in soils
Kotzerke, A., Hammesfaht, U., Kleineidam, K.,
Lamshöft, M., Thiele Bruhn, S., Wilke, B.M.,
Schloter, M.: Biology and Fertility of Soils 47
(2011) 177-186
In agricultural plant production nitrification inhibitors like 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate
(DMPP) are used to retard the microbial nitrification process of fertilized ammonium to enhance the nitrogen supply for cultivated crops
and to reduce nitrogen losses from the production system. Besides the well-known ammoniaoxidizing bacteria (AOB) it is known for a few
years that also ammonia-oxidizing archaea
(AOA) are able to perform the first step in nitrification, hence being also a target for a nitrification inhibitor. However, so far no information
are available concerning the effectiveness of
DMPP and its extent towards AOB and AOA,
neither in bulk soil nor in the root-rhizosphere
complex. We investigated in a field experiment
performed according to agricultural practice the
effect of DMPP on the abundance of AOB and
AOA two, four and eight weeks after fertilization. We observed impaired abundances of
AOB but not of AOA in both soil compartments
that were still visible eight weeks after application, possibly indicating a reduced effectiveness of the nitrification inhibitor in our study.
Alterations in total microbial activity and
nitrification rates in soil due to amoxicillin
spiked pig manure
Kotzerke, A., Fülle, M., Shrama, S., Kleineidam,
K., Welzl, G. Lamshöft, M., Schloter, M., Wilke,
B.M.: Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 174
(2011) 56-64
Most veterinary drugs enter the environment via
manure application. However, ecotoxic effects
of antibiotics are varying as a function of their
physicochemical characteristics and for most
antibiotics it is still unclear how these substances interact with soil biota. It was the aim
of the present study to investigate effects of
manure containing different concentrations of
the antibiotic amoxicillin (AMX) on microbialcommunity function in two different soils over
an incubation time of 18 d. Therefore, soil respiration, potential nitrification, and the products
77
of N turnover were measured. We could show
that CaCl2-extractable amounts of AMX in soil
are low, even shortly after the application of
high doses together with manure. Thus, not
surprisingly basal respiration in soil was not
influenced by the addition of the antibiotic with
manure. In contrast, mainly shortly after manure
addition the kinetic of substrate-induced respiration was clearly shifted by the treatments
depending on the presence of AMX in the manure. Potential nitrification rates in the two different soils were not significantly affected when
data were related to the overall incubation time
by the application of AMX to the manure. However, shortly after the addition of the manure
containing AMX, a tendency to lower turnover
rates was visible compared to the application of
pure manure.
Identification of labile and stable pools of
organic matter in an Agrogray soil
Larionova, A.A., Zolotareva, B.N., Yevdokimov,
V., Bykhovets, S., Ya, S., Kuzyakov, V., Buegger, V.: Eurasian Soil science 44/6 (2011) 628640
The intensity of decomposition of the organic
matter in the particle_size fractions from a
agrogray soil sampled in a 5_year_long field
experiment on the decomposition of corn residues was determined in the course of incubation for a year. The corn residues were placed
into the soil in amounts equivalent to the
amounts of plant litter in the agrocenosis and in
the meadow ecosystem. A combination of three
methods the particle size fractionation, the
method of 13C natural abundance by C3–C4
transition, and the method of incubation—made
it possible to subdivide the soil organic matter
into the labile and stable pools. The labile pool
reached 32% in the soil of the agrocenosis and
42% in the meadow soil. Owing to the negative
priming effect, the addition of C4 (young) carbon favored the stabilization of the C3 (old)
carbon in the soil. When the young carbon was
absent, destabilization or intense decomposition of the old organic matter was observed.
This process was found even in the most stable
fine silt and clay fractions.
Acidovorax radicis sp. nov., a wheat root
colonizing bacterium
Li, D., Rothballer, M., Schmid, M., Esperschütz,
J., Hartmann, A.: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 61
(2011) 2589-2594
78
Strain N35T was isolated from surface-sterilized
wheat roots and is a Gram-negative, aerobic,
motile straight rod. Strain N35T tested oxidasepositive and catalase-negative and grew optimally at pH 7.0, 30 6C and in the absence of
NaCl. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis
showed over 97% sequence similarity to strains
of the environmental species Acidovorax delafieldii, A. facilis, A. defluvii, A. temperans, A.
caeni and A. soli, as well as Acidovorax valerianellae, A. anthurii and Simplicispira metamorpha. DNA–DNA hybridization between strain
N35T and phylogenetically closely related type
strains was 25.3–55.7 %, which clearly separates the strain from these closely related species. Additionally, phenotypic properties, such
as substrate metabolism profiles as determined
by a Biolog GN2 assay and cell-wall fatty acid
profiles, particularly contents of the fatty acids
C16 : 0, C16 : 1v7c/t, C17 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo,
C18 : 0 cyclo and C19 : 0 cyclo, facilitated the
differentiation of the newly isolated strain N35T
from its closest relatives. The isolate underwent
phenotypic variation at high frequency in laboratory media. The DNA G+C content was 64.9
mol%. We propose that strain N35T is classified as a representative of a novel species
within the genus Acidovorax, and suggest the
name Acidovorax radicis sp. nov. The type
strain is strain N35T (5DSM 23535T 5LMG
25767T).
Modelling of crop yields and N2O emissions
from silty arable soils with differing tillage in
two long-term experiments
Ludwig, B., Bergstermann, A., Priesack, E.,
Flessa, H.: Soil and Tillage Research 112 (2011)
114-121
The choice of tillage system affects crop
growth and soil nitrogen dynamics. Models
help us to better understand these systems and
the interaction of the processes involved. Objectives were to test a calibration and validation
scheme for applications of the denitrification–
decomposition (DNDC) model to describe a
long-term field experiment with conventional
tillage (CT) and reduced tillage (RT) at two sites
(G and H, silty Haplic Luvisols) near Götingen,
Germany (G-CT, G-RT, H-CT, H-RT). Crop
growth of field bean (Vicia faba L.) and winter
wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as well as soil water dynamics and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions
were determined for two subsequent years. A
model test was performed based on a model
parameterization to best describe the case GCT. This parameterization was then applied to
the other cases as a retrospective simulation.
Results of model variant v1 (no parameter optimization) indicated that soil water contents
were not accurately simulated using the DNDC
default values for a silt loam. After successful
calibration of the soil water flow model using
modified water-filled pore spaces at field capacity and wilting point and a modified hydroconductivity that led to a good fit of the measured water content data, grain yields were
markedly underestimated and modelled N2O
emissions were too large (v2). An optimization
of the crop properties (maximum grain yield, N
fixation index, thermal degree days, transpiration coefficient) was essential for a better match
ofmeasured yields (v3). Further adjustments in
the model (v4) were required to better match
cumulative N2O emissions: reducing the initial
soil organic carbon content and mineralization
rates. Predictions of crop yields and annual
cumulative N2O emissions using model variant
v4 were fairly accurate for the reduced tillage
system G-RT and also for the second field experiment H-CT and H-RT, but annual distributions of N2O emissions were not. Overall our
results indicate that site specific calibration was
an essential requirement for the silty German
sites, and that the pedotransfer functions and
denitrification submodel of DNDC may need
further improvement.
Intra-versus inter-site macroscale variation
in biogeochemical properties along a paddy
soil chronosequence
Mueller-Niggemann, C., Bannert, A., Schloter,
M., Lehndorff, E., Schwark, L.: Biogeosciences
Discussions 8 (2011) 10119-10154
In order to assess the intrinsic heterogeneity of
paddy soils, a set of biogeochemical soil parameters was investigated in five field replicates
of seven paddy fields (50, 100, 300, 500, 700,
1000, and 2000 yr of wetland rice cultivation),
one flooded paddy nursery, one tidal wetland
(TW), and one freshwater site (FW) from a
coastal area at Hangzhou Bay, Zhejiang Province, China. All soils evolved from a marine tidal
flat substrate due to land reclamation. The biogeochemical parameters based on their properties were differentiated into (i) a group behaving
conservatively (TC, TOC, TN, TS, magnetic
susceptibility, soil lightness and colour parameters, δ13C, δ15N, lipids and n-alkanes) and (ii)
one encompassing more labile properties or
fast cycling components (Nmic, Cmic, nitrate,
ammonium, DON and DOC). The macroscale
heterogeneity in paddy soils was assessed by
evaluating intra- versus inter-site spatial variability of biogeochemical properties using statistical data analysis (descriptive, explorative
and non-parametric). Results show that the
intrinsic heterogeneity of paddy soil organic
and minerogenic components per field is
smaller than between study sites. The coefficient of variation (CV) values of conservative
parameters varied in a low range (10 % to 20
%), decreasing from younger towards older
paddy soils. This indicates a declining variability
of soil biogeochemical properties in longer
used cropping sites according to progress in
soil evolution. A generally higher variation of CV
values (>20–40 %) observed for labile parameters implies a need for substantially higher
sampling frequency when investigating these
as compared to more conservative parameters.
Since the representativeness of the sampling
strategy could be sufficiently demonstrated, an
investigation of long-term carbon accumulation/sequestration trends in topsoils of the 2000
year paddy chronosequence under wetland rice
cultivation was conducted. The evolutionary
trend showed that the biogeochemical signatures characteristic for paddy soils were fully
developed in less than 300 yr since onset of
wetland rice cultivation. A six-fold increase of
topsoil TOC suggests a substantial gain in CO2
sequestration potential when marine tidal wetland substrate developed to 2000 year old
paddy soil.
Effect of fluctuating soil humidity on in situ
bioavailability and degradation of atrazine
Ngigi, A., Dörfler, U., Scherb, H., Getenga, Z.,
Boga, H., Schroll, R.: Chemosphere 84 (2011)
369-375
This study elucidates the effect of fluctuating
soil moisture on the co-metabolic degradation
of atrazine (6-chloro-N2-ethyl-N4-isopropyl1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) in soil. Degradation
experiments with 14Cring- labelled atrazine
were carried out at (i) constant (CH) and (ii)
fluctuating soil humidity (FH). Temperature was
kept constant in all experiments. Experiments
under constant soil moisture conditions were
conducted at a water potential of _15 kPa and
the sets which were run under fluctuating soil
moisture conditions were subjected to eight
drying–rewetting cycles where they were dried
to a water potential of around _200 kPa and
rewetted to _15 kPa. Mineralization was monitored continuously over a period of 56 d. Every
two weeks the pesticide residues in soil pore
water (PW), the methanol-extractable pesticide
79
residues, the non-extractable residues (NER),
and the total cell counts were determined. In
the soil with FH conditions, mineralization of
atrazine as well as the formation of the intermediate product deisopropyl-2-hydroxyatrazine
was increased compared to the soil with constant humidity. In general, we found a significant correlation between the formation of this
metabolite and atrazine mineralization. The cell
counts were not different in the two experimental variants. These results indicate that the microbial activity was not a limiting factor but the
mineralization of atrazine was essentially controlled by the bioavailability of the parent compound and the degradation product deisopropyl-2-hydroxyatrazine.
Nitrogen turnover in soil and global change
Ollivier, J., Töwe, S., Bannert, A., Hai, B., Kastl,
E.M., Meyer, A., Su, M.X., Kleineidam, K.,
Schloter, M.: FEMS Microbiology Ecology 78
(2011) 3-16
Nitrogen management in soils has been
considered as key to the sustainable use of
terrestrial ecosystems and a protection of major
ecosystem
services.
However,
the
microorganisms
driving
processes
like
nitrification, denitrification, N-fixation and
mineralization are highly influenced by changing
climatic conditions, intensification of agriculture
and the application of new chemicals to a so far
unknown extent. In this review, the current
knowledge concerning the influence of selected
scenarios of global change on the abundance,
diversity and activity of microorganisms
involved in nitrogen turnover, notably in
agricultural and grassland soils, is summarized
and linked to the corresponding processes. In
this context, data are presented on nitrogencycling processes and the corresponding
microbial key players during ecosystem
development and changes in functional
diversity patterns during shifts in land use.
Furthermore, the impact of increased
temperature, carbon dioxide and changes in
precipitation regimes on microbial nitrogen
turnover is discussed. Finally, some examples
of the effects of pesticides and antibiotics after
application to soil for selected processes of
nitrogen transformation are also shown.
Optimized assay and storage conditions for
enzyme activity profiling of ectomycorrhizae
Pritsch, K., Courty, P., Churin, J.-L., CloutierHurteau, B., Ali, M., Damon, C., Duchemin, M.,
80
Egli, S., Ernst, J., Fraissinet-Tachet, L., Kuhar,
F., Legname, E., Marmeisse, R., Müller, A.,
Nikolova, P., Peter, M., Plassard, C., Richard,
F., Schloter, M., Selosse, M.-A., Franc, A., Garbaye, J.: Mycorrhiza 21 (2011) 589-600
The aim of a joint effort by different research
teams was to provide an improved procedure
for enzyme activity profiling of field-sampled
ectomycorrhizae, including recommendations
on the best conditions and maximum duration
for storage of ectomycorrhizal samples. A more
simplified and efficient protocol compared to
formerly published procedures was achieved by
using manufactured 96-filter plates in combination with a vacuum manifold and by optimizing
incubation times. Major improvements were
achieved by performing the series of eight enzyme assays with a single series of root samples instead of two series, reducing the time
needed for sample preparation, minimizing
error-prone steps such as pipetting and morphotyping, and facilitating subsequent DNA
analyses due to the reduced sequencing effort.
The best preservation of samples proved to be
storage in soil at 4–6°C in the form of undisturbed soil cores containing roots. Enzyme
activities were maintained for up to 4 weeks
under these conditions. Short-term storage of
washed roots and ectomycorrhizal tips overnight in water did not cause substantial
changes in enzyme activity profiles. No optimal
means for longer-term storage by freezing at
−20°C or storage in 100% ethanol were recommended.
Enzyme secretion by ECM fungi and exploitation of mineral nutrients from soil organic
matter
Pritsch, K. and Garbaye, J.: Annals of Forest
Science 68 (2011) 25-33
Important nutrients in forest soils such as nitrogen and phosphorus are mostly recycled from
natural poly mericcompounds contained in litter
and organic debris—for example nucleic acids,
proteins, or chitin. Activities of enzymes such
as phosphatases, proteases, cellulases, chitinases and laccase were shown in saprotrophic
but also in ectomycorrhizal fungi and there is
increasing evidence that these enzymes contribute not only to the functioning of the symbiosis but also to the mobilisation of nutrients.
In the present review, we describe how enzyme
secretion and localisation on fungal hyphae
may be connected to the potential role in soil
nutrient cycling. Recently developed methods
for enzyme activity studies of ectomycorrhizae
directly assayed in or collected from the field
such as enzyme activity profiling and soil imprinting are described. Their value and limitations in different examples of ecological studies
is highlighted and discussed also with respect
to the role of other soil microorganisms associated with ectomycorrhizae. The conclusion
from our review is that enzyme activities of
ECM and their associated microorganisms provide a potentially enormous plasticity of mycorrhizosphere functionality which is an open
field for further research.
Enzymatic measurements in the mycorhizosphere
Pritsch, K., Ali, M., Churin, J.C., Hurteau, B.C,
Courty, P.E., Damon, C., Duchemin, M., Egli,
S., Ernst, J., Kuhar, F., Tachet, L., Legname, E.,
Marmeisse, R., Müller, A., Nikolova, P., Peter,
M., Plassard, C., Richard, F., Selosse, M.,
Schloter, M., Franc, A., Garbye, G.: Mycorrhiza
21 (2011) 589-600
The aim of a joint effort by different research
teams was to provide an improved procedure
for enzyme activity profiling of field-sampled
ectomycorrhizae, including recommendations
on the best conditions and maximum duration
for storage of ectomycorrhizal samples. A more
simplified and efficient protocol compared to
formerly published procedures was achieved by
using manufactured 96-filter plates in combination with a vacuum manifold and by optimizing
incubation times. Major improvements were
achieved by performing the series of eight enzyme assays with a single series of root samples instead of two series, reducing the time
needed for sample preparation, minimizing
error-prone steps such as pipetting and morphotyping, and facilitating subsequent DNA
analyses due to the reduced sequencing effort.
The best preservation of samples proved to be
storage in soil at 4–6°C in the form of undisturbed soil cores containing roots. Enzyme
activities were maintained for up to 4 weeks
under these conditions. Short-term storage of
washed roots and ectomycorrhizal tips overnight in water did not cause substantial
changes in enzyme activity profiles. No optimal
means for longer-term storage by freezing at
−20°C or storage in 100% ethanol were recommended.
non-paddy soil development in the Yangtze
River Delta, China
Roth, P., Lehndorff, E., Cao, Z., Zhuang, S.,
Bannert, A., Wissing, L., Schloter, M., KögelKnabner, I., Amelung, W.: Global Change Biology 17 (2011) 3405 – 3417
Lowland rice paddy soils may accumulate
significant amounts of organic matter. Our aim
was to investigate the role of prolonged paddy
management on the nitrogen (N) status of the
soils, and to elucidate the contribution of
bacteria and fungi to long-term N accumulation
processes. For this purpose, we sampled a
chronosequence of 0–2000 years of rice
cropping with adjacent non-paddy systems in
the Bay of Hangzhou, China. The samples were
analyzed for bulk density, total, mineral and
microbial N (Nmic), and amino sugars as markers
for microbial residues. The results showed that
during the first 100 years of land embankment,
both paddy and non-paddy soils accumulated
N at a rate of up to 61 and 77 kg ha−1 per
annum, reaching steady-state conditions after
110–172 years, respectively. Final N stocks in
paddy fields exceeded those of the nonpaddies by a factor of 1.3. The contribution of
amino sugars to total N increased to a
maximum of 34 g N kg−1 N in both land-use
systems, highlighting a significant accumulation
of N in microbial residues of the surface soils.
Correspondingly, the ratio of Nmic to microbial
residue-N decreased to a constant value. In the
paddy subsoils, we found that bacterial
residues particularly contributed to the pool of
microbial residue-N. Nevertheless, the absolute
contents of amino sugars in paddy subsoils
decreased during the last 1700 years of the
chronosequence. We conclude that under
paddy cultivation, soil microorganisms may
accumulate parts of this N in their residues
despite low overall N availability. However, this
N accumulation is limited to initial stages of
paddy soil development and restricted to the
surface horizons, thus challenging its
sustainability with future land-use changes.
Microbial immobilization and mineralization
of dissolved organic nitrogen from forest
floors
Schmidt, B.H.M., Kalbitz, K., Braun, S., Fuß, R.,
McDowell, W.H., Matzner, E.: Soil Biology and
Biochemistry 43 (2011) 1742-1745
Accumulation of nitrogen and microbial
residues during 2000 years of rice paddy and
81
Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) plays a key
role in the N cycle of many ecosystems, as
DON availability and biodegradation are important for plant growth, microbial metabolism and
N transport in soils.
However, biodegradation of DON (defined as
the sum of mineralization and microbial immobilization) is only poorly understood. In laboratory incubations, biodegradation of DON and
dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from Oi and Oa
horizons of spruce, beech and cypress forests
ranged from 6 to 72%. Biodegradation of DON
and DOC was similar in most samples, and
mineralization of DON was more important than
microbial immobilization. Nitrate additions
(0e10 mg N L_1) never influenced either DON
immobilization by microorganisms or mineralization. We conclude that soil microorganisms
do not necessarily prefer mineral N over DON
for meeting their N demand, and that biodegradation of DON seems to be driven by the microbial demand for C rather than N. Quantifying
the dynamics of DON in soils should include
consideration of both C and N demands by
microbes.
Nitrogen Transformations in a vertisoI under
long-term tillage and no tillage management
in dryland agricultural s: Key genes and potential rates
Selero, S., Kleineidam, K., Perez de Mora, A.,
Buegger, F., Kublik, S., Schloter, M.: Journal of
Applied Soil Ecology 47 (2011) 221-225
The impact of tillage practices on microbial N
transformations in Vertisols is poorly understood and data from long-term field experiments are scarce, particularly in semiarid regions. We evaluated the effects of traditional
tillage (TT) vs no-tillage (NT) on denitrification in
a long-term field experiment under a rainfed
crop
rotation
system
(cereal-sunflowerlegumes) on a Vertisol (SW Spain). In general,
the abundance of denitrifiers and the respective
potential denitrification rates was higher under
NT compared to TT during the vegetation period, but not after harvesting. However differences in denitrifier numbers were within the
same order of magnitude (0.5–3×107 copies g
soil dw). The abundance of nitrite reducers and
N2O reducers was relatively similar. In addition,
N2O/N2 ratios between 1 and 2 were found for
both treatments. These results emphasize that
NT has a limited impact on denitrification in
Vertisols under fertilizer regime and legumecrop rotation and thus losses of N2O are ex-
82
pected to be comparable to those of traditional
tillage systems.
Improved protocol for the simultaneous extraction and column-based separation of
DNA and RNA from different soils
Töwe, S., Wallisch, S., Bannert, A., Fischer, D.,
Hai, B., Haesler, F., Kleineidam, K., Schloter,
M.: Journal of Microbiological Methods 84
(2011) 406-412
We developed an improved protocol, allowing
the simultaneous extraction of DNA and RNA
from soil using phenol-chloroform with subsequent column-based separation of DNA and
RNA (PCS). We compared this new approach
with the well established protocol published by
Griffiths et al. (2000), where DNA and RNA are
separated by selective enzymatic digestions
and two commercial kits used for DNA or RNA
extraction, respectively, using four different
agricultural soils. We compared yield and purity
of the nucleic acids as well as abundance and
diversity profiles of the soil bacterial communities targeting the nosZ gene via quantitative
real-time PCR and terminal restriction fragment
length polymorphism on DNA and RNA level.
The newly developed protocol provided purer
nucleic acid extracts compared to the used kitbased protocols. All protocols were suitable for
DNA- and RNA-based gene quantification,
however high variations between replicates
were obtained for RNA samples using the original Griffiths protocol. Diversity patterns of nosZ
were highly influenced by the extraction protocol used both on the DNA and RNA level. Finally, our data showed that the new protocol
allows a simultaneous and reproducible extraction and separation of DNA and RNA, which
were suitable for reliable analyses of gene and
transcript copy numbers and diversity pattern.
Abundances and potential activities of nitrogen cycling microbial communities along a
glacier chronosequence
Töwe, S., Brankatsch, R., Kleineidam, K., Zeyer, J., Schloter, M.: The ISME Journal 5 (2011)
1025-1037
Glacier forefields are ideal ecosystems to study
the development of nutrient cycles as well as
single
turnover
processes
during
soil
development. In this study, we examined the
ecology of the microbial nitrogen (N) cycle in
bulk soil samples from a chronosequence of
the Damma glacier, Switzerland. Major
processes of the N cycle were reconstructed on
the genetic as well as the potential enzyme
activity level at sites of the chronosequence
that have been ice-free for 10, 50, 70, 120 and
2000 years. In our study, we focused on N
fixation,
mineralization
(chitinolysis
and
proteolysis), nitrification and denitrification. Our
results suggest that mineralization, mainly the
decomposition of deposited organic material,
was the main driver for N turnover in initial soils,
that is, ice-free for 10 years. Transient soils
being ice-free for 50 and 70 years were
characterized by a high abundance of N fixing
microorganisms. In developed soils, ice-free for
120 and 2000 years, significant rates of
nitrification and denitrification were measured.
Surprisingly, copy numbers of the respective
functional genes encoding the corresponding
enzymes were already high in the initial phase
of soil development. This clearly indicates that
the genetic potential is not the driver for certain
functional traits in the initial phase of soil
formation but rather a well-balanced expression
of the respective genes coding for selected
functions.
A network of terrestrial environmental observatories in Germany
Zacharias, S., Bogena, H., Samaniego, L.,
Mauder, M., Fuß, R., Pütz, T., Frenzel, M.,
Schwank, M., Baessler, C., Butterbach-Bahl,
K., Bens, O., Borg, E., Brauer, A., Dietrich, P.,
Hajnsek, I., Helle, G., Kiese, R., Kunstmann, H.,
Klotz, S., Munch, J.C., Papen, H., Priesack, E.,
Schmid, H.P., Steinbrecher, R., Rosenbaum,
U., Teutsch, G., Vereecken, H.: Vadose Zone
Journal 10 (2011) 955-973
Multi compartment and multi scale long-term
observation and research are important prerequisites to tackling the scienti fi c challenges
resulting from climate and global change. Longterm monitoring programs are cost intensive
and require high analytical standards, however,
and the gain of knowledge often requires longer
observation times. Nevertheless, several environmental research networks have been established in recent years, focusing on the impact
of climate and land use change on terrestrial
ecosystems. From 2008 onward, a network of
Terrestrial
Environmental
Observatories
(TERENO) has been established in Germany as
an interdisciplinary research program that aims
to observe and explore the long-term ecological, social, and economic impacts of global
change at the regional level. State-of-the-art
methods from the fi eld of environmental moni-
toring, geophysics, and remote sensing will be
used to record and analyze states and fluxes
for diff erent environmental compartments from
groundwater through the vadose zone, surface
water, and biosphere, up to the lower atmosphere.
Microbial activity and 13C/12C ratio as evidence
of
N-hexadecane
and
Nhexadecanoic acid biodegradation in agricultural and forest soils
Zyakun, A., Nii-Annang, S., Franke, G., Fischer,
T., Buegger, T., Dilly, O.: Geomicrobiology
Journal 28 (2011) 632-647
Contaminants, n-hexadecane and its primary
microbial oxidized metabolite, n-hexadecanoic
(palmitic) acid, was studied for topsoils, under
agricultural management and beech forest on
the basis the changes in O2 uptake, CO2 evolution and its associated microbial and nonmicrobial carbon isotopic signature, the respiratory quotient (RQ) and the priming effect (PE) of
substrates. Soil microbial communities in agricultural soil responded to the n-hexadecane
addition more rapidly compared to those of
forest soil, with lagperiods of about 23 ± 10 and
68 ± 13 hours, respectively. Insignificant difference in the lag-period duration was detected
for agricultural (tlag = 30 ± 13 h) and forest (tlag
= 30 ± 14 h) soils treated with n-hexadecanoic
(palmitic) acid. These results demonstrate that
the soilmicrobiota differed inmetabolic activities
for using n-hexadecane as a reductive hydrocarbon and n-hexadecanoic acid as a partly
oxidized hydrocarbon. The corresponding δ13C
of respired CO2 after the addition of the hydrocarbon contaminants to soils indicates a shift in
microbial activity towards the consumption of
exogenous substrates with a more complete
degradation of n-hexadecane in the agricultural
soil, for which some initial contents of hydrocarbons are inherent. It was reflected in the
carbon isotope signature of microbial biomass.
It is supposed that the observed deviation of
RQ from theoretically calculated value under
microbial substrate mineralization is determined
by difference in the time (_ti) of registration of
CO2 production and O2 consumption.
Positive priming effect (PE) of n-hexadecane
and negative PE of n-hexadecanoic (palmitic)
acid were detected in agricultural and forest
soils. It is suggested that positive PE of nhexadecane is conditioned by the induction of
microbial enzymes that perform hydroxylation/oxygenation of stable SOM compounds
mineralized by soil microbiota to CO2. The mi-
83
crobial metabolism coupled with oxidative decarboxylation of n-hexadecanoic acid is considered as one of the most probable causes of
the revealed negative PE value.
Department Pflanzenwissenschaften
Wissensschaftszentrum Weihenstephan der TU
München
PROFESSUR FÜR GRÜNLANDLEHRE
Does natural weathering change the stable
isotope composition (2H, 13C, 15N, 18O and 34S)
of cattle hair?
Auerswald, K., Rossmann, A., Schäufele, R.,
Schwertl, M., Schnyder, H.: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry (RCM) 25 (2011)
3741-3748
Stable isotope analysis of hair has found applications in many fields of science because it
provides a temporally resolved, fairly stable
isotopic archive of mammalian individuals. We
investigated whether this hair archive is modified by natural weathering while attached to a
living animal. We analyzed the tail switch hairs
of one suckler cow, sampled seven times over
a period of four annual summer pasture–winter
stall feeding cycles. We compared relative isotope ratios (δ2H, δ13C, δ15N, δ18O and δ34S) of
sections of hair that grew simultaneously but
were exposed to natural weathering conditions
over different periods of time. Natural wear
caused a loss of mass of approx. 0.13% day–1,
with no apparent effect of environmental conditions. Changes in δ2H, δ13C, δ15N and δ18O were
below the detection limit, indicating that hair is
a reliable archive for the isotopes of these elements. In contrast, δ34S values increased during
the grazing period by about 1%, with exposure
to UV radiation appearing to have a major influence on this result. The δ34S values decreased
during the subsequent stall period, probably
due to abrasion. Seasonal variation in δ34S may
indicate alternating environments that differ in
their weathering conditions.
Measuring and modelling the isotopic composition of soil respiration; insights from a
grassland tracer experiment
Gamnitzer, U., Moyes, A.B., Bowling, D.R.,
Schnyder, H.: Biogeosciences 8 (2011) 13331350
84
The carbon isotopic composition (13C) of CO2
efflux (13Cefflux) from soil is generally interpreted
to represent the actual isotopic composition of
the respiratory source (13CRs). However, soils
contain a large CO2 pool in airfilled pores. This
pool receives CO2 from belowground respiration and exchanges CO2 with the atmosphere
(via diffusion and advection) and the soil liquid
phase (via dissolution). Natural or artificial
modification of 13C of atmospheric CO2
(13Catm) or 13CRs causes isotopic disequilibria
in the soilatmosphere system. Such disequilibria generate divergence of 13Cefflux from 13CRs
(termed “disequilibrium effect”). Here, we use a
soil CO2 transport model and data from a
13
CO2/12CO2 tracer experiment to quantify the
disequilibrium between 13Cefflux and 13CRs in
ecosystem respiration. The model accounted
for diffusion of CO2 in soil air, advection of soil
air, dissolution of CO2 in soil water, and belowground and aboveground respiration of both
12
CO2 and 13CO2 isotopologues. The tracer
data were obtained in a grassland ecosystem
exposed to a 13Catm of −46.9‰ during daytime
for 2 weeks. Nighttime 13Cefflux from the ecosystem was estimated with three independent
methods: a laboratory-based cuvette system,
in-situ steady-state open chambers, and in-situ
closed chambers. Earlier work has shown that
the 13Cefflux measurements of the laboratorybased and steady-state systems were consistent, and likely reflected 13CRs. Conversely, the
13Cefflux measured using the closed chamber
technique differed from these by −11.2 ‰.
Most of this disequilibrium effect (9.5 ‰) was
predicted by the CO2 transport model. Isotopic
disequilibria in the soil-chamber system were
introduced by changing 13Catm in the chamber
headspace at the onset of the measurements.
When dissolution was excluded, the simulated
disequilibrium effect was only 3.6 ‰. Dissolution delayed the isotopic equilibration between
soil CO2 and the atmosphere, as the storage
capacity for labelled CO2 in waterfilled soil
pores was 18 times that of soil air. These
mechanisms are potentially relevant for many
studies of 13CRs in soils and ecosystems, including FACE experiments and chamber studies in natural conditions. Isotopic disequilibria in
the soil-atmosphere system may result from
temporal variation in 13CRs or diurnal changes
in the mole fraction and 13C of atmospheric
CO2. Dissolution effects are most important
under alkaline conditions.
Spatio-temporal patterns in land use and
management affecting surface runoff response of agricultural catchments – A review
Fiener, P., Auerswald, K., van Oost, K.: EarthSience Reviews 106 (2011) 92-104
Surface runoff and associated erosion processes adversely affect soil and surface water
quality. There is increasing evidence that a
sound understanding of spatial-temporal dynamics of land use and management are crucial to understanding surface runoff processes
and underpinning mitigation strategies. In this
review, we synthesise the effects of (1) temporal patterns of land management of individual
fields, and (2) spatio-temporal interaction of
several fields within catchments by applying
semivariance analysis, which allows the extent
and range of the different patterns to be compared. Consistent effects of management on
the temporal dynamics of surface runoff of individual fields can be identified, some of which
have been incorporated into small-scale hydrological models. In contrast, the effects of
patchiness, the spatial organisation of patches
with different soil hydrological properties, and
the effects of linear landscape structures are
less well understood and are rarely incorporated in models. The main challenge for quantifying these effects arises from temporal
changes within individual patches, where the
largest contrasts usually occur in mid-summer
and cause a seasonally varying effect of
patchiness on the overall catchment response.
Some studies indicate that increasing agricultural patchiness, due to decreasing field sizes,
reduces the catchment-scale response to rainfall, especially in cases of Hortonian runoff.
Linear structures associated with patchiness of
fields (e.g. field borders, ditches, and ephemeral gullies) may either increase or decrease the
hydraulic connectivity within a catchment. The
largest gap in research relates to the effects
and temporal variation of patch interaction, the
influence of the spatial organisation of patches
and the interaction with linear structures. In
view of the substantial changes in the structure
of agricultural landscapes occurring throughout
the world, it is necessary to improve our knowledge of the influence of patchiness and connectivity, and to implement this knowledge in
new modelling tools.
A compilation and meta-analysis of rainfall
simulation data on arable soils
Fiener, P., Seibert, S.P., Auerswald, K.: Journal
of Hydrology 409 (2011) 395-406
Rainfall simulations are a useful and important
tool in studying infiltration, surface runoff generation, soil erosion and nutrient as well as
agro-chemical transport from arable land. Such
simulations are time-consuming and costly and
hence are usually only carried out under a limited variation of settings necessary to answer
specific research questions. Therefore, it is
difficult to use rainfall simulation data for hypothesis testing in a more general sense or to
parameterize hydrological or erosion models
applicable under a wider range of environmental conditions. To overcome these restrictions and to set-up a broader basis for following up studies, we analyzed, harmonized and
filled gaps of a large set of existing rainfall
simulations carried out by five different research groups in Germany. This covered 726
rainfall simulations (24.384 runoff measurements) carried out on 209 plots under a wide
range of conditions for which 4 rain properties,
5 plot properties, 20 soil properties, 5 land use
properties and 2 runoff properties were compiled. These data were quality controlled and
made available for public use (Seibert et al.
2011). The most important deficiencies were
smoothed runoff measurements, missing time
to ponding data, different soil descriptions including frequent gaps in stone content, inconsistent moisture measurements and sometimes
rather rough measurements of surface cover.
The calculation of the geometric mean particle
diameter, time since tillage and the application
of different site specific procedures supported
harmonization and helped to overcome several
of these deficiencies. A satisfying gap filling
procedure was developed for time to ponding.
The most important inconsistencies that could
not be removed were different depths of moisture measurement. Hence, there is a need to
define a set of basic variables that always
should be measured and documented with
defined standards to enable comparison between different studies, to assess the boundary
conditions of validity and possibly to make
wider use of individual data sets by combining
several of them.
85
Dynamic changes of canopy-scale mesophyll conductance to CO2 diffusion of sunflower as affected by CO2 concentration and
ABA
Schäufele, R., Santrucek, J., Schnyder, H.:
Plant, Cell and Environment 34 (2011) 127-136
Leaf-level measurements have shown that
mesophyll conductance (gm) can vary rapidly in
response to CO2 and other environmental factors, but similar studies at the canopyscale are
missing. Here, we report the effect of shortterm variation of CO2 concentration on canopyscale gm and other CO2 exchange parameters
of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) stands in
the presence and absence of abscisic acid
(ABA) in their nutrient solution. gm was estimated from gas exchange and on-line carbon
isotope discrimination (Δobs) in a 13CO2/12CO2
gas exchange mesocosm. The isotopic contribution of (photo)respiration to stand-scale Δobs
was determined with the experimental approach of Tcherkez et al. Without ABA, shortterm exposures to different CO2 concentrations
(Ca 100 to 900 μmol mol-1) had little effect on
canopy-scale gm. But, addition of ABA strongly
altered the CO2-response: gm was high (approx.
0.5 mol CO2 m-2 s-1) at Ca < 200 μmol mol-1 and
decreased to <0.1 mol CO2 m-2 s-1 at Ca >400
μmol mol-1. In the absence of ABA, the contribution of (photo)respiration to stand-scale Δobs
was high at low Ca 7.2‰) and decreased to
<2‰ at Ca > 400 μmol mol-1. Treatment with
ABA halved this effect at all Ca.
Suitability of eight techniques for estimating
digestibility of herbage from continuously
grazed all-day pasture
Schneider, S., Auerswald, K., Schnyder, H.,
Bellof, G.: Animal Feed Science and Technology 170 (2011) 1-11
The objective of this study was to estimate
digestibility of herbage using eight different
methods. Organic matter digestibility (OMD)
was estimated with titanium (Ti) dioxide and
acid-insoluble ash (AIA) as indigestible markers,
four faecal nitrogen (N) equations, which use
the same raw data, the pepsin-cellulase
method (in vitro OMD) and digestibility trials
with wethers (in vivo OMD). An all-day pasture
with continuous stocking at 2.8 cows/ha was
chosen for the comparison because it restricted
selection during grazing and thus allowed comparison of in vitro- and stall feeding-based
methods with methods used for pastures. A
crossover experiment with eight lactating Sim-
86
mental cows was conducted from May until
July 2008, with two consecutive experimental
periods of 28 days. The cows were divided in
two similar experimental groups. Four cows
were put into individual stalls and fed herbage
clipped from the experimental pasture and feed
intake was measured. The other four cows
were put onto the fenced pasture. All cows
were supplemented with 2 kg/d fresh matter of
grain maize. After four weeks, the treatment
groups were switched. OMD differed considerably between methods (by 20-110 g/kg). Applying the same method, OMD on pasture differed from OMD in-stall indicating that the grazing animal cannot be replaced by mowing even
with high experimental effort and low opportunity for selection. It also differed over time. Only
the faecal N methods were readily applicable
on pasture at sufficiently high temporal resolution and - with one exception - produced similar results in-stall as the Ti method. They can in
general be recommended for a large range of
conditions including grazing studies but the
variety of existing equations makes it difficult to
select the appropriate one. This calls for the
development of better defined and rigorously
tested equations.
Linking carbon and water cycles using stable isotopes across scales: progress and
challenges
Werner, C., Badeck, F., Brugnoli, E., Cohn, B.,
Cuntz, M., Dawson, T., Gessler, A., Ghashghaie, J., Grams, T.E.E., Kayler, Z., Keitel, C.,
Lakatos, M., Lee, X., Máguas, C., Ogée, J.,
Rascher, K.G., Schnyder, H., Siegwolf, R.,
Unger, S., Welker, J., Wingate, L., Zeeman,
M.J.: Biogeosciences Discuss. 8 (2011) 26592719
Stable isotope analysis is a powerful tool for
tracing biogeochemical processes in the carbon and water cycles. One particularly powerful
approach is to employ multiple isotopes where
the
simultaneous
assessment
of
the
D/H,18O/16O and/or 13C/12C in 5 different compounds provide a unique means to investigate
the coupling of water and carbon fluxes at various temporal and spatial scales. Here, we present a research update on recent advances in
our process-based understanding of the utilization of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen isotopes
to lend insight into carbon and water cycling.
We highlight recent technological developments and approaches, their strengths and 10
methodological precautions with examples
covering scales from minutes to centuries and
from the leaf to the globe.
15
N fractionation between vegetation, soil,
faeces and wool is not influences by stocking rate
Wittmer, M.H.O.M., Auerswald, K., Schönbach,
P., Yongfei Bai, Schnyder, H.: Plant and Soil
340 (2011) 25-33
Understanding stable isotope fractionation in
trophic networks is important for the interpretation of stable isotope composition of ecosystem components. This work explores the influence of grazing pressure on the nitrogen isotope composition (delta N-15) of vegetation
(standing biomass), soil, and sheep's faeces
and wool in a three-years (2005-2007) experiment with different stocking rates (0.375-2.25
sheep ha-1 year-1) in semiarid Inner Mongolia
grassland. The δ15N5 of wool (from a yearly
shearing) reflects vegetation at the whole-year
grazing grounds-scale while faeces reflect that
of the area grazed within a few days. Stocking
rate had no effect on δ15N of vegetation and
soil, and sheep's faeces and wool, although
nitrogen content of bulk vegetation increased
with stocking rate. Furthermore, δ15N of vegetation and diet did not differ between stocking
rates. Hence, 15N fractionations between vegetation and faeces (ε(veg-faeces)), vegetation
and wool (ε(veg-wool)), faeces and soil
(ε(faeces-soil)) and soil and vegetation (ε(soilveg)) were constants, with ε(veg-faeces) =
3.0‰ (+/- 0.1‰, 95% confidence interval),
ε(veg-wool) = 5.3‰ (+/- 0.1‰), ε(faeces-soil) =
1.1‰ (+/- 0.4‰) and ε(soil-veg) = -4.1‰ (+/0.3‰). This finding is useful as it means that
δ15N of wool or faeces can be used to estimate
the δ15N of grazed vegetation, even if grazing
pressure is unknown.
Complementarity in water sources among
dominant species in typical steppe ecosystems of Inner Mongolia, China
Hao Yang, Auerswald, K., Yongfei Bai, Xingguo
Han: Plant and Soil 340 (2011) 303-313
Water is the most important factor controlling
plant growth, primary production, and ecosystem stability in arid and semi-arid grasslands.
Here we conducted a 2-year field study to explore the contribution of winter half-year (i.e.
October through April) and summer precipitation (May through September) to the growth of
coexisting plant species in typical steppe eco-
systems of Inner Mongolia, China. Hydrogen
stable isotope ratios of soil water and stem
water of dominant plant species, soil moisture,
and plant water potential were measured at
three steppe communities dominated by Stipa
grandis, Caragana microphylla, and Leymus
chinensis, respectively. The fraction of water
from winter half-year precipitation was an important water source, contributing 45% to plant
total water uptake in a dry summer after a wet
winter period (2005) and 15% in a summer
where subsoil moisture had been exploited in
the previous year (2006). At species level,
Caragana microphylla exhibited a complete
access to deep soil water, which is recharged
by winter precipitation, while Cleistogenes
squarrosa completely depended on summer
rains. Leymus chinensis, Agropyron cristatum,
and Stipa grandis showed a resourcedependent water use strategy, utilizing deep
soil water when it was well available and shifting to rain water when subsoil water had been
exploited. Our findings indicate that differentiation of water sources among plants improves
use of available soil water and lessens the interspecific competition for water in these semiarid ecosystems. The niche complementarity in
water sources among coexisting species is
likely to be the potential mechanism for high
diversity communities with both high productivity and high resilience to droughts.
Variation in carbon isotope discrimination in
Cleistogenes squarrosa (Trin.) Keng: patterns and drivers at tiller, local, catchment,
and regional scales
Hao Yang, Auerswald, K., Yongfei Bai, Wittmer,
M.H.O.M., Schnyder, H.: Journal of Experimental Botany 62 (2011) 4143-4152
Understanding the patterns and drivers of carbon isotope discrimination in C4 species is critical for predicting the effects of global change
on C3/C4 ratio of plant community and consequently on ecosystem functioning and services.
Cleistogenes squarrosa (Trin.) Keng is a dominant C4 perennial bunchgrass of arid and semiarid ecosystems across the Mongolian plateau
of the Eurasian steppe. Its carbon isotope discrimination (13Δ) during photosynthesis is relatively large among C4 species and it is variable.
Here the 13Δ of C. squarrosa and its potential
drivers at a nested set of scales were examined. Within cohorts of tillers, 13Δ of leaves increased from 5.1 ‰ to 8.1 ‰ from old to
young leaves. At the local scale, 13Δ of mature
leaves varied from 5.8 parts per thousand to
87
8.4 parts per thousand, increasing with decreasing grazing intensity. At the catchment
scale, 13Δ of mature leaves varied from 6.2 ‰
to 8.5 ‰ and increased with topsoil silt content. At the regional scale, 13Δ of mature leaves
varied from 5.5 ‰ to 8.9 ‰, increasing with
growing-season precipitation. At all scales, 13Δ
decreased with increasing leaf nitrogen content
(Nleaf). Nleaf was positively correlated with grazing intensity and leaf position along tillers, but
negatively correlated with precipitation. The
presence of the correlations across a range of
different environmental contexts strongly implicates Nleaf as a major driver of 13Δ in C. squarrosa and, possibly, other C4 species.
Tradeoffs between nitrogen- and water-use
efficiency in dominant species of the semiarid steppe of Inner Mongolia
Xiao Ying Gong, Quing Chen, Shan Lin, Brueck,
H., Dittert, K., Taube, F., Schnyder, H.: Plant
and Soil 340 (2011) 227-238
In water-limited environments, photosynthetic
carbon gain and loss of water by transpiration
are in a permanent tradeoff as both are contrarily regulated by stomata conductance. In semiarid steppe grasslands water limitation may
covary with nitrogen limitation. Steppe grassland species are capable of optimizing their use
of limiting resources, water and nitrogen, but
regulation is still poorly understood. In a twoyear experiment with addition of water (irrigation simulating a wet year) and nitrogen (0, 25,
and 50 kg urea-N ha-1) we assessed intrinsic
water use efficiency (WUEi), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and related plant functional traits
(PFTs) of four dominant C3 species (Leymus
chinensis, Agropyron cristatum, Stipa grandis,
and Artemisia frigida). Water and N fertilizer
supplementation significantly increased plant
primary production, and N effect was more
pronounced under irrigated conditions. Parallel
with the responses of plant production, a
strong tradeoff between WUEi and NUE was
detected: water supply increased NUE but decreased WUEi, whereas N addition slightly increased WUEi at the expense of NUE. This
tradeoff occurred at the leaf level, and involved
the responses of leaf N concentration and specific leaf area. WUEi of species changed among
treatments in a predictable manner by the parameter of leaf N content per area. Dominant
plant species commonly achieved a higher
utilization efficiency of the more limiting resource via altering PFTs, which was an impor-
88
tant mechanism of adaptation to variable resource limitation in semiarid grasslands.
PROFESSUR FÜR PFLANZENERNÄHRUNG
Improving the salt tolerance of Chinese
spring wheat through an evaluation of genotype genetic variation
Bai, R., Zhang, Z., Hu, Y., Fan, M., Schmidhalter, U.: Australian Journal of Crop Science 5
(10) (2011) 1173-1178
Salinity represents a major environmental constraint to crop production across the world.
Therefore, the effects of salinity on plant
growth, mechanisms of salt tolerance in plants,
and the screening for salt-tolerant crops have
gained increasing attention of late. This study
evaluated the effects of salinity on the growth of
three different genotypes of Chinese spring
wheat (Yongliang 4, Ba 9595 and MX 9H-15)
compared to the salt-tolerant wheat genotype
Sakha 93 from Egypt. All wheat genotypes were
grown under greenhouse conditions under four
salt levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl). Our
results showed that salinity reduced plant
height, total leaf area, shoot fresh weight and
dry weight in all genotypes, whereas it increased the leaf SPAD value. Nevertheless, the
precise impact of salinity on plant growth varied
among the different growth stages and were
also genotype dependent. This study confirms
that Sakha 93 is the most salt tolerant among
the tested genotypes in terms of plant growth
and suggests that there is the potential to improve the salt tolerance of Chinese spring
wheat. Achieving the latter would play an important role in increasing the yield of spring wheat
in China.
Screening Egyptian Wheat Genotypes for
Salt Tolerance at Early Growth Stages
El-Hendawy, S.E., Hu, Y., Sakagami, J.I.,
Schmidhalter, U.: International Journal of Plant
Production 5 (3) (2011) 283-298
Parameters that show a significant genotypic
variation at early growth stages and are associated with salt tolerance at later stages may be
used as rapid and economic screening criteria
in breeding programs. The objective of this
study was to test growth parameters at early
growth stages for evaluating the salt tolerance
of wheat genotypes. Ten wheat genotypes that
differ from their salt tolerance were grown in
soil and exposed to four salinity concentrations
(0, 40, 80 and 160 mM NaCl). Germination percentage was recorded daily up to 8 days.
Seedling growth parameters (i.e. shoot height,
dry weight of shoots and roots and root/shoot
ratio) were determined at day 14 after sowing.
The results showed that salinity did not affect
final germination percentage, while seeds subjected to 80 and 160 mM NaCl retarded germination by 1 and 2 days, respectively, as compared with 0 mM NaCl treatment. Salinity affected shoot growth more severely than root
growth of seedlings. Importantly, height and dry
weight of shoot ranked genotypes in the same
order as their salt-tolerance rankings in terms of
grain yield, whereas root dry weight did not.
Therefore, we conclude that the measurements
of shoot growth may be effective criteria for
screening wheat genotypes for salt tolerance at
early growth stages.
Can changes in leaf water potential be assessed spectrally?
Elsayed, M.E.S., Mistele, B., Schmidhalter, U.:
Functional Plant Biology 38 (2011) 523-533
Leaf water potential (LWP) is an important indicator of plant water status. However, its determination
via
classical
pressurechambermeasurements is tedious and timeconsuming.Moreover, suchmethods cannot
easily account for rapid changes in this parameter arising fromchanges in environmental
conditions. Spectrometricmeasurements, by
contrast, have the potential for fast and nondestructive measurements of plant water
status, but are not unproblematic. Spectral
characteristics of plants vary across plant development stages and are also influenced by
environmental factors. Thus, it remains unclear
whether changes in leaf water potential per se
can reliably be detected spectrometrically or
whether such measurements also reflect autocorrelated changes in the leaf water content
(LWC) or the aerial plant biomass. We tested
the accuracy of spectrometric measurements in
this context under controlled climate chamber
conditions in series of six experiments that
minimised perturbing influences but allowed for
significant changes in the LWP. Short-term
exposure of dense stands of plants to increasing or decreasing artificial light intensities in a
growth chamber more markedly decreased
LWP than LWC in both wheat and maize.
Significant relationships (R2-values 0.74–0.92)
between LWP and new spectral indices
((R940/R960)/NDVI; R940/R960) were detected
with or without significant changes in LWC of
both crop species.
The exact relationships found, however, were
influenced strongly by the date of measurement
or water stress induced. Thus, global spectral
relationships measuring LWP probably cannot
be established across plant development
stages. Even so, spectrometricmeasurements
supplemented by a reduced calibration dataset
frompressure chambermeasurements might still
prove to be a fast and accurate method for
screening large numbers of diverse lines.
Comparison of active and passive spectral
sensors in discriminating biomass parameters and nitrogen status in wheat cultivars
Erdle, K., Mistele, B., Schmidhalter, U.: Field
Crops Research 124 (2011) 74-84
Several sensor systems are available for
ground-based remote sensing in crop management. Vegetation indices of multiple active
and passive sensors have seldom been compared in determining plant health. This work
describes a study comparing active and passive sensing systems in terms of their ability to
recognize agronomic parameters. One bidirectional passive radiometer (BDR) and three
active sensors, including the Crop Circle,
GreenSeeker, and an active flash sensor (AFS),
were tested for their ability to assess six destructively determined crop parameters. Over 2
years, seven wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were grown with nitrogen supplies varying
from 0 to 220 kg ha−1. At three developmental
stages, the crop reflectance was recorded and
sensor-specific indices were calculated and
related to N levels and the crop parameters,
fresh weight, dry weight, dry matter content, as
percent of dry weight to fresh weight, N content, aboveground N uptake, and the nitrogen
nutrition index. The majority of the tested indices, based on different combinations of wavelengths in the visible and near infrared spectral
ranges, showed high r2-values when correlated
with the crop parameters. However, the accuracy of discriminating the influence of varying N
levels on various crop parameters differed between sensors and showed an interaction with
growing seasons and developmental stage.
Visible- and red light-based indices, such as
the NDVI, simple ratio (R780/R670), and related
indices tended to saturate with increasing crop
stand density due to a decreased sensitivity of
the spectral signal. Among the destructively
assessed biomass parameters, the best relationships were found for N-related parameters,
89
with r2-values of up to 0.96. The near infraredbased index R760/R730 was the most powerful
and temporarily stable index indicating the N
status of wheat. This index was delivered by
the BDR, Crop Circle, and AFS. Active spectral
remote sensing is more flexible in terms of
timeliness and illumination conditions, but to
date, it is bound to a limited number of indices.
At present, the broad spectral information from
bi-directional passive sensors offers enhanced
options for the future development of crop- or
cultivar-specific algorithms.
Drip Irrigation Frequency: The Effects and
their Interaction with Nitrogen Fertilization
on Maize Growth and Nitrogen Use Efficiency under Arid Conditions
Hokam, E.M., El-Hendawy, S.E., Schmidhalter,
U.: Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 197
(3) (2011) 186-201
Differences in soil moisture and wetting pattern
under different irrigation frequencies mean that
vegetative growth and nitrogen use efficiency in
maize can differ even when the same total
amount of irrigated water is applied under different frequency regimes. The goal of this study
was to evaluate the effects of drip irrigation
frequency and its interaction with nitrogen fertilization on vegetative growth and nitrogen use
efficiency of a maize crop at different growth
stages and on grain quality at maturity stage in
a sandy soil. The experiment was conducted
for 2 years (2005 and 2006) using a randomized
complete block split–split plot design with four
irrigation frequencies (once every 2, 3, 4 and 5
days), two nitrogen levels (190 and 380 kg N
ha-1 and two maize hybrids (three-way cross
310 and single cross 10) as the main-plot, splitplot and split-split plot variables, respectively.
Irrigation water, totalling 524 mm ha-1 applied
for each irrigation frequency was divided into
28, 21, 17 and 14 doses for the F2, F3, F4 and
F5 treatments, respectively. Results indicated
that vegetative growth, crop growth and nitrogen efficiency parameters at the 10-leaf and
tasseling growth stages increased with increasing drip irrigation frequency, whereas grain
protein content decreased. Although the values
of the vegetative growth and crop growth parameters increased with increasing nitrogen
levels, significant decreases in nitrogen
efficiency parameters were also observed indicating the need for further optimization with a
reduced nitrogen application rate. Significant
interaction effects between irrigation frequency
and nitrogen levels were detected for all pa-
90
rameters measured. In most cases, the parameters were not significantly different between the two nitrogen levels at an irrigation
frequency of once every 5 days, but did differ
significantly at irrigation frequencies of once
every 2, 3 or 4 days. The relationship between
the nitrogen use efficiency parameters and
retained available soil water content at the 10leaf and tasseling growth stages was best represented by a second order polynomial equation with an R2 ranging from 0.73 to 0.98.
Based on our findings, an irrigation frequency
of once every 2 and 3 days is recommended to
enhance growth and nitrogen use efficiency of
drip-irrigated maize in sandy soil in Egypt.
Comparative Efficacy of Urea Fertilization
via Supergranules versus Prills on N Distribution, Yield Response and N Use Efficiency
of Spring Wheat
Khalil, M.I., Schmidhalter, U., Gutser, R., Heuwinkel, H.: Journal of Plant Nutrition 34 (6)
(2011) 779-797
The impact of urea prills (1-2 mm) versus urea
supergranules (USGs, 10 mm), placed at different depths, on the growth and nitrogen (N) use
efficiency of spring wheat was investigated
under greenhouse conditions. The amount of
fertilizer 15N derived from either form was 50%
greater in the top soil than at lower depths. The
comparatively slower release and distribution of
USG-N resulted in enhanced dry matter production and fertilizer-N uptake during the later
growth stages that were also associated with a
higher translocation of fertilizer-15N into the
grain (34.9% versus 28.7% for the prills).
Deeper placements of USGs (5.0-7.5 cm) resulted in greater fertilizer-N recovery in the crop
(70.5-78.0%) compared to the use of prills
(56.6%). Our results strongly suggest that the
proper application of USGs can increase yields
and fertilizer-N utilization of wheat and simultaneously decrease N losses compared to
equivalent use of prills, and therefore presents
important agronomic advantages.
Quantification of mycorrhizal water uptake
via high-resolution on-line water content
sensor
Ruth, B., Khalvati, M., Schmidhalter, U.: Plant
and Soil 342 (2011) 459-468
The benefits of mycorrhizas for host plants are
well known for a large number of species.
However, experimental evaluations of the hy-
phal contribution to the total water uptake and
the assessment of the bulk flow velocity in the
hyphae are so far contradictory. Barley (Hordeum vulgaris L. Scarlet) with the inoculum
Glomus intraradices was grown in a split planthyphal chamber with a 5 mm air gap. During
the preparation of the chambers with a loamysilt soil, water content sensors were inserted in
each of the plant and the hyphal compartments. These sensors allow non-destructive
measurements with high resolution. In total, 8
drying periods with a length of several days
were applied with repeated watering following
each drying period. A clear decline in water
content in the hyphal compartment during each
drying period supports the ability of hyphae to
transfer water into the plant compartment. The
difference between the decline in the hyphal
compartment with and without arbuscular mycorrhyzal fungi is significant at the p< 0.000001
level. The direct and indirect hyphal contribution to the total water uptake was estimated to
be about 20%. The application of capacitance
sensors for water content determination with a
special geometry adapted to the plant-hyphal
chambers allows the evaluation of the hyphal
water flow with high accuracy.
Evaluation of the transferability of a SVAT
model-results from field and greenhouse
applications
Walser, S., Schütze, N., Guderle, M. Liske, S.,
Schmidhalter, U.: irrigation and drainage 60 (1)
(2011) 59-70 DOI: 10.1002/ird.669
SoilVegetationAtmosphere Transfer (SVAT)
models are commonly used to describe cropseasonal dynamics including the prediction of
crop yield and water balance. In the case of
absent detailed information, a straightforward
application of the model using given parameter
sets may take place against rather different soil
and/or climate conditions. The objective of this
study was to calibrate and validate a SVAT
model utilizing data of two sites and two crops,
(ii) to evaluate the model's ability to employ
plant parameters determined on the basis of
field data against greenhouse data, and (iii) to
estimate optimal irrigation schedules for maximizing water productivity. Irrigation experiments were conducted on a field rain-out shelter (wheat and barley) and in a container greenhouse experiment (barley). In the case of barley
which was only grown in 2009, inverse calibration of plant data was carried out using field
data, whereas the DAISY model was validated
against independent greenhouse data. For vali-
dation, the specific condition in a container
greenhouse experiment was taken into account. The study shows that DAISY performed
well with simulating lightly drought-stressed
crop growth and water balance. For both crops
and sits, optimal irrigation schedules were determined in a simulation-optimization study
which led to considerable irrigation water savings.
High throughput phenotyping of canopy water mass and canopy temperature in wellwatered and drought stressed tropical maize
hybrids in the vegetative stage
Winterhalter, L., Mistele, B., Jampatong, S.,
Schmidhalter, U.: European Journal of Agronomy 35 (2011) 22-32
The high throughput determination of the water
status of maize (Zea mays L.) in precision agriculture presents numerous benefits, but also
shows the potential for improvement. On the
former count, the differentiation of maize hybrids could be used in screening drought tolerance in plant breeding, whereas, on the latter
count, the monitoring of plant water status by
non-destructive high-throughput sensing carried out on GPS based vehicles could enable
the fast evaluation of various traits over a large
area, improving the management decisions of
farmers. The aim of this study was to assess
the ability to measure the canopy water mass
(CWM; amount of water in kg m−2) of several
tropical maize hybrids using high throughput
sensing. Experimental field trials were conducted in Thailand (National Corn and Sorghum
Research Center) in the years 2007–2009,
where seven hand sown tropical high yield hybrids were analyzed under four furrow irrigation
treatments. High throughput canopy reflectance and thermal radiance measurements, as
well as biomass samplings were done on a
regular basis until flowering. Both a large number of spectral indices from literature and newly
developed for this study were validated. Selected spectral indices and IR-temperature
were highly correlated with CWM and able to
show the different drought stress levels. Several indices showed global coefficients of determination of over 0.70 and it was possible to
differentiate and classify the hybrids into three
consistent groups (above, below, or average
performance) under control and stress environments. The results of this study show that it
is indeed possible to both detect CWM and
discriminate between groups of hybrids using
non-destructive high throughput phenotyping,
91
and that this technology presents a potentially
useful application for breeding in the future.
High throughput sensing of aerial biomass
and above ground nitrogen uptake in the
vegetative stage of well-watered and
drought stressed tropical maize hybrids
Winterhalter, L., Mistele, B., Jampatong, S.,
Schmidhalter, U.: Crop Science 51 (2011) 479489
The measurement of agronomical parameters
of maize (Zea mays L.) indicating its biomass
and nutritional status provides important information to understand its responses to the environment. The detection of significant differences among maize hybrids would be very
useful in plant breeding programs screening for
N uptake and drought tolerance. The aim of the
study was to assess the efficacy of highthroughput sensing measurements to determine the aerial biomass and N uptake of tropical maize hybrids grown in well-watered (control) and drought stress treatments. Experiments were conducted at the National Corn
and Sorghum Research Center in Thailand in
the years 2007 through 2009. High-throughput
canopy reflectance measurements using spectral indices from the literature and newly developed for this study were performed regularly
along with biomass samplings until flowering.
The relationship of the spectral indices with
each of aerial biomass and N uptake had coefficients of determination of up to 0.8 and were
also able to distinguish between drought stress
levels. Through most sampling dates and stress
levels, varieties were similarly classified in their
amount of aerial biomass and N uptake by destructive and noncontacting measurements.
Our results support the possibility of incorporating these methods in the development of
high-throughput phenotyping techniques that
could prove to be potentially useful for future
plant breeding.
PROFESSUR FÜR PFLANZENZÜCHTUNG
Genome-based prediction of testcross values in maize
Albrecht, T., Wimmer, V., Auinger, H.-J., Erbe,
M., Knaak, C., Ouzunova, M., Simianer, H.,
Schön, C.-C.: Theoretical and Applied Genetics
123 (2011) 339-350
92
This is the first large-scale experimental study
on genome-based prediction of testcross
values in an advanced cycle breeding
population of maize. The study comprised
testcross progenies of 1,380 doubled haploid
lines of maize derived from 36 crosses and
phenotyped for grain yield and grain dry matter
content in seven locations. The lines were
genotyped with 1,152 single nucleotide
polymorphism markers. Pedigree data were
available for three generations. We used best
linear unbiased prediction and stratified crossvalidation to evaluate the performance of
prediction models differing in the modeling of
relatedness between inbred lines and in the
calculation of genome-based coefficients of
similarity. The choice of similarity coefficient did
not affect prediction accuracies. Models
including
genomic
information
yielded
significantly higher prediction accuracies than
the model based on pedigree information
alone. Average prediction accuracies based on
genomic data were high even for a complex
trait like grain yield (0.72–0.74) when the crossvalidation scheme allowed for a high degree of
relatedness between the estimation and the
test set. When predictions were performed
across distantly related families, prediction
accuracies decreased significantly (0.47–0.48).
Prediction
accuracies
decreased
with
decreasing sample size but were still high when
the population size was halved (0.67–0.69). The
results from this study are encouraging with
respect to genome-based prediction of the
genetic value of untested lines in advanced
cycle
breeding
populations
and
the
implementation of genomic selection in the
breeding process.
A large maize (Zea mays L.) SNP genotyping
array: Development and germplasm genotyping, and genetic mapping to compare
with the B73 reference genome
Ganal, M.W., Durstewitz, G., Polley, A., Berard,
A., Buckler, E.S., Charcosset, A., Clarke, J.D.,
Graner, E.M., Hansen, M., Joets, J., LePaslier,
M.C., McMullen, M.D., Montalent, P., Rose, M.,
Schön, C.-C., Sun, Q., Walter, H., Martin, O.C.,
Falque, M.: PLoS ONE 6 (2011) e28334.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028334
SNP genotyping arrays have been useful for
many applications that require a large number
of molecular markers such as high-density genetic mapping, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and genomic selection. We report
the establishment of a large maize SNP array
and its use for diversity analysis and high density linkage mapping. The markers, taken from
more than 800,000 SNPs, were selected to be
preferentially located in genes and evenly distributed across the genome. The array was
tested with a set of maize germplasm including
North American and European inbred lines,
parent/ F1 combinations, and distantly related
teosinte material. A total of 49,585 markers,
including 33,417 within 17,520 different genes
and 16,168 outside genes, were of good quality
for genotyping, with an average failure rate of
4% and rates up to 8% in specific germplasm.
To demonstrate this array’s use in genetic
mapping and for the independent validation of
the B73 sequence assembly, two intermated
maize recombinant inbred line populations –
IBM (B736Mo17) and LHRF (F26F252) – were
genotyped to establish two high density linkage
maps with 20,913 and 14,524 markers respectively. 172 mapped markers were absent in the
current B73 assembly and their placement can
be used for future improvements of the B73
reference sequence. Colinearity of the genetic
and physical maps was mostly conserved with
some exceptions that suggest errors in the B73
assembly. Five major regions containing noncolinearities were identified on chromosomes 2,
3, 6, 7 and 9, and are supported by both independent genetic maps. Four additional noncolinear regions were found on the LHRF map
only; they may be due to a lower density of IBM
markers in those regions or to true structural
rearrangements between lines. Given the array’s high quality, it will be a valuable resource
for maize genetics and many aspects of maize
breeding.
From RNA-seq to large-scale genotyping genomics resources for rye (Secale cereale
L.) Haseneyer, G., Schmutzer, T., Seidel, M.,
Zhou, R., Mascher, M., Schön, C.-C., Taudien,
S., Scholz, U., Stein, N., Mayer, K., Bauer, E.:
BMC Plant Biology 11 (2011) 131
Background: The improvement of agricultural
crops with regard to yield, resistance and environmental adaptation is a perpetual challenge
for both breeding and research. Exploration of
the genetic potential and implementation of
genome-based breeding strategies for efficient
rye (Secale cereale L.) cultivar improvement
have been hampered by the lack of genome
sequence information. To overcome this limitation we sequenced the transcriptomes of five
winter rye inbred lines using Roche/454 GS FLX
technology.
Results: More than 2.5 million reads were assembled into 115,400 contigs representing a
comprehensive rye expressed sequence tag
(EST) resource. From sequence comparisons
5,234 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
were identified to develop the Rye5K highthroughput SNP genotyping array. Performance
of the Rye5K SNP array was investigated by
genotyping 59 rye inbred lines including the five
lines used for sequencing, and five barley, three
wheat, and two triticale accessions. A balanced
distribution of allele frequencies ranging from
0.1 to 0.9 was observed. Residual heterozygosity of the rye inbred lines varied from 4.0 to
20.4% with higher average heterozygosity in
the pollen compared to the seed parent pool.
Conclusions: The established sequence and
molecular marker resources will improve and
promote genetic and genomic research as well
as genome-based breeding in rye.
Misregulation of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR
8 underlies the developmental abnormalities
caused by three distinct viral silencing
suppressors in Arabidopsis
Jay, F., Wang, Y., Yu, A., Taconnat, L., Pelletier,
S., Colot, V., Renou, J.P., Voinnet, O.: PloS
Pathogens 7 (2011) e1002035. Doi:10.1371/
journal.ppat.1002035
In Arabidopsis, micro (mi)RNAs and transacting (ta-si)RNAs synthesized directly or indirectly through the DICER-LIKE-1 (DCL1) ribonuclease have roles in patterning and hormonal
responses, while DCL2,3,4-dependent smallinterfering (si)RNAs are mainly involved in silencing of transposable elements and antiviral
defense. Viral suppressors of RNA silencing
(VSRs) produced by phytoviruses to counter
plant defense may perturb plant developmental
programs because of the collision of their inhibitory effects with the regulatory action of
endogenous miRNAs and ta-siRNAs. This could
explain the similar developmental aberrations
displayed by Arabidopsis miRNA/ta-siRNA
pathway mutants, including dcl1, and by some
VSR-expressing plants. Nonetheless, the molecular bases for these morphological aberrations have remained mysterious, and their contribution to viral disease symptoms/virulence
unexplored. The extent of VSR inhibitory actions to other types of endogenous small RNAs
remains also unclear. Here, we present an indepth analysis of transgenic Arabidopsis expressing constitutively HcPro, P19 and P15,
three unrelated VSRs. We show that VSR expression has comparable, yet modest effects
93
on known miRNA and ta-siRNA target RNA
levels, similar to those observed using an hypomorphic dcl1 mutation. However, by combining results of transcriptome studies with deepsequencing data from immuno-precipitated
small RNAs, additional, novel endogenous targets of miRNA and ta-siRNA were identified,
unraveling an unsuspected complexity in the
origin and scope-of-action of these molecules.
Other stringent analyses pinpointed misregulation of the miR167 target AUXIN RESPONSE
FACTOR 8 (ARF8) as a major cause for the
developmental aberrations exhibited by VSR
transgenic plants, but also for the phenotypes
induced during normal viral infection caused by
the HcPro-encoding Turnip mosaic virus
(TuMV). Neither RNA silencing, its suppression
by VSRs, nor the virulence/accumulation of
TuMV was altered by mutations in ARF8. These
findings have important implications for our
understanding of viral disease symptoms and
small RNA-directed regulation of plant
growth/development.
Association analysis of frost tolerance in rye
using candidate genes and phenotypic data
from controlled, semi-controlled, and field
phenotyping platforms
Li, Y., Böck, A., Haseneyer, G., Korzun, V.,
Wilde, P., Schön, C.-C., Ankerst, D.P., Bauer,
E.: BMC Plant Biology 11 (2011) 146
Background: Frost is an important abiotic
stress that limits cereal production in the temperate zone. As the most frost tolerant small
grain cereal, rye (Secale cereale L.) is an ideal
cereal model for investigating the genetic basis
of frost tolerance (FT), a complex trait with polygenic inheritance. Using 201 genotypes from
five Eastern and Middle European winter rye
populations, this study reports a multi-platform
candidate gene-based association analysis in
rye using 161 single nucleotide polymorphisms
(SNPs) and nine insertion-deletion (Indel) polymorphisms previously identified from twelve
candidate genes with a putative role in the frost
responsive network.
Results: Phenotypic data analyses of FT in
three different phenotyping platforms, controlled, semi controlled and field, revealed significant genetic variations in the plant material
under study. Statistically significant (P < 0.05)
associations between FT and SNPs/haplotypes
of candidate genes were identified. Two SNPs
in ScCbf15 and one in ScCbf12, all leading to
amino acid exchanges, were significantly associated with FT over all three phenotyping plat-
94
forms. Distribution of SNP effect sizes expressed as percentage of the genetic variance
explained by individual SNPs was highly
skewed towards zero with a few SNPs obtaining large effects. Two-way epistasis was found
between 14 pairs of candidate genes. Relatively
low to medium empirical correlations of SNPFT associations were observed across the three
platforms underlining the need for multi-level
experimentation for dissecting complex associations between genotypes and FT in rye.
Conclusions:
Candidate
gene
basedassociation studies are a powerful tool for investigating the genetic basis of FT in rye. Results of this study support the findings of biparental linkage mapping and expression studies that the Cbf gene family plays an essential
role in FT.
High levels of nucleotide diversity and fast
decline of linkage disequilibrium in rye (Secale cereale L.) genes involved in frost response
Li, Y., Haseneyer, G., Schön, C.-C., Ankerst, D.,
Korzun, V., Wilde, P., Bauer, E.: BMC Plant
Biology 11 (2011) 6
Background: Rye (Secale cereale L.) is the most
frost tolerant cereal species. As an outcrossing
species, rye exhibits high levels of intraspecific
diversity, which makes it well-suited for allele
mining in genes involved in the frost responsive
network. For investigating genetic diversity and
the extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD) we
analyzed eleven candidate genes and 37 microsatellite markers in 201 lines from five Eastern and Middle European rye populations.
Results: A total of 147 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and nine insertion-deletion
polymorphisms were found within 7,639 bp of
DNA sequence from eleven candidate genes,
resulting in an average SNP frequency of 1
SNP/52 bp. Nucleotide and haplotype diversity
of candidate genes were high with average
values π = 5.6 × 10-3 and Hd = 0.59, respectively. According to an analysis of molecular
variance (AMOVA), most of the genetic variation
was found between individuals within populations. Haplotype frequencies varied markedly
between the candidate genes. ScCbf14,
ScVrn1, and ScDhn1 were dominated by a single haplotype, while the other 8 genes (ScCbf2,
ScCbf6,
ScCbf9b,
ScCbf11,
ScCbf12,
ScCbf15, ScIce2, and ScDhn3) had a more
balanced haplotype frequency distribution.
Intra-genic LD decayed rapidly, within ap-
proximately 520 bp on average. Genome-wide
LD based on microsatellites was low.
Conclusions: The Middle European population
did not differ substantially from the four Eastern
European populations in terms of haplotype
frequencies or in the level of nucleotide diversity. The low LD in rye compared to selfpollinating species promises a high resolution
in genome-wide association mapping. SNPs
discovered in the promoters or coding regions,
which attribute to non-synonymous substitutions, are suitable candidates for association
mapping.
MicroRNAs coordinately regulate protein
complexes
Sass, S., Dietmann, S., Burk, U., Brabletz, S.,
Lutter, D., Kowarsch, A., Mayer, K.F., Brabletz,
T., Ruepp, A., Theis, F., Wang, Y.: BMC Systems Biology 5 (2011) 136
Background: In animals, microRNAs (miRNAs)
regulate the protein synthesis of their target
messenger RNAs (mRNAs) by either translational repression or deadenylation. miRNAs are
frequently found to be co-expressed in different
tissues and cell types, while some form polycistronic clusters on genomes. Interactions between targets of co-expressed miRNAs (including miRNA clusters) have not yet been systematically investigated.
Results: Here we integrated information from
predicted and experimentally verified miRNA
targets to characterize protein complex networks regulated by human miRNAs. We found
striking evidence that individual miRNAs or coexpressed miRNAs frequently target several
components of protein complexes. We experimentally verified that the miR-141-200c cluster
targets different components of the CtBP/ZEB
complex, suggesting a potential orchestrated
regulation in epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
Conclusions: Our findings indicate a coordinate
posttranscriptional regulation of protein complexes by miRNAs. These provide a sound basis for designing experiments to study miRNA
function at a systems level.
Relationship of seedling and adult plant resistance and evaluation of wheat germplasm
against tan spot (Pyrenophora triticirepentis)
Tadesse, W., Reents, H.J., Hsam, S.L.K., Zeller,
F.J.: Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 58
(2011) 339-346
Genetic resistance is the most effective, economical and environment friendly method of
managing tan spot of wheat caused by the
ascomycete Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.)
Drechs. (anamorph Drechslera tritici-repentis,
Died.). This study was carried out to determine
the association between seedling and adult
plant resistance in winter wheat cultivars, study
the inheritance of tan spot resistance and
evaluate wheat germplasm for resistance. A
significant positive correlation was noted between seedling resistance evaluated in greenhouse and adult plant resistance estimated in
field conditions. The absence of segregation
into resistant plants in the F1 disomic crosses of
the resistant spring and winter wheat cultivars
with the susceptible cultivars, and the segregation of the corresponding F2 crosses into 1 resistant: 3 susceptible ratio indicated that tan
spot resistance is controlled by a single recessive gene which inherits qualitatively. The winter wheat cultivars: Ibis, Heines VII, Albrecht,
Solitar, Ohio, Toronto, Yindos, Zenith and Kronjuwel, and the spelt wheat cultivars: Ceralion,
Hercule, and Schwabenkorn showed highly
resistant response to both race 1 and race 5
isolates. We recommend these genotypes to be
used for gene deployment in wheat breeding
programs.
Genetic map of triticale compiling DArT, SSR
and AFLP markers
Tyrka, M., Bednarek, P.T., Kilian, A., Wedzony,
M., Hura, T., Bauer, E.: Genome 54 (2011) 391401
A set of 90 doubled haploid (DH) lines derived
from F(1) plants that originated from a cross
between × Triticosecale Wittm. 'Saka3006' and
× Triticosecale Wittm. 'Modus', via wide crossing with maize, were used to create a genetic
linkage map of triticale. The map has 21 linkage
groups assigned to the A, B, and R genomes
including 155 simple sequence repeat (SSR),
1385 diversity array technology (DArT), and 28
amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)
markers covering 2397 cM with a mean distance between two markers of 4.1 cM. Comparative analysis with wheat consensus maps
revealed that triticale chromosomes of the A
and B genomes were represented by 15 chromosomes,
including
combinations
of
2AS.2AL#, 2AL#2BL, 6AS.6AL#, and 2BS.6AL#
instead of 2A, 2B, and 6A. In respect to published maps of rye, substantial rearrangements
were found also for chromosomes 1R, 2R, and
3R of the rye genome. Chromosomes 1R and
95
2R were truncated and the latter was linked
with 3R. A nonhomogeneous distribution of
markers across the triticale genome was observed with evident bias (48%) towards the rye
genome. This genetic map may serve as a reference linkage map of triticale for efficient studies of structural rearrangements, gene mapping, and marker-assisted selection.
Digital image analysis and chlorophyll metering for phenotyping the effects of nodulation in soybean
Vollmann, J., Walter, H., Sato, T., Schweiger,
P.: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 75
(2011) 190-195
Leaf photosynthesis and rhizobial nitrogen fixation are the two metabolic processes of utmost
importance to legume growth and development. As these processes are closely related to
each other, measuring of leaf chlorophyll content can provide information on the nodulation
and nitrogen fixation status of crop plants. In
the present investigation, a number of soybean
breeding lines consisting of near-isogenic families which are genetically segregating for the
nodulation trait were utilized in field experiments carried out across three growing seasons at Vienna, Austria. For phenotyping leaf
chlorophyll content, the Minolta SPAD spectrometer was applied in parallel to a simple leaf
digital image analysis procedure based on a
commercial digital still camera. The main objectives of the research included the comparison
of SPAD metering and image analysis for determination of chlorophyll content, phenotyping
of the soybean nodulation vs. non-nodulation
characteristic with respect to leaf, agronomic
and seed traits, and relating both chlorophyll
and image analysis data to seed quality characteristics. Nodulating and non-nodulating soybean lines significantly differed in chlorophyll
content from the V5 (five leaves fully developed)
soybean developmental stage onwards. Apart
from chlorophyll content, leaf size, plant height,
number of pods per plant, 1000-seed weight,
and seed protein and oil content were also
affected by nodulation type. The chlorophyll
content of soybean leaves as determined by
SPAD metering was significantly correlated
(r = −0.937) to the green color value (RGB color
model) of leaf image analysis at the R3 (beginning of pod growth) soybean developmental
stage. Both chlorophyll content and leaf image
analysis parameters were correlated to 1000seed weight, seed protein and seed oil content.
Thus, it appears that these leaf parameters
96
related to photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation
could be utilized to determine the nitrogen
status of a soybean crop and subsequently in
forecasting seed quality parameters of the harvest product.
Phylogenetic analysis of C, M, N and U genomes and their relationships with Triticum
and other related genomes as revealed by
LMW-GS genes and Glu-3 loci
Wang, S., Li, X., Wang, K., Wang, X., Li, S.,
Zhang, Y., Guo, G., Zeller, F.J., Hsam, S.L.K.,
Yan Y.: Genome 54 (2011) 273-284
Phylogenetic relationships between the C, U, N,
and M genomes of Aegilops species and the
genomes of common wheat and other related
species were investigated by using three types
of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit
(LMW-GS) genes at Glu-3 loci. A total of 20
LMW-GS genes from Aegilops and Triticum
species were isolated, including 11 LMW-m
type and 9 LMW-i type genes. Particularly, four
LMW-m type and three LMW-i type subunits
encoded by the genes on the C, N, and U genomes possessed an extra cysteine residue at
conserved positions, which could provide useful information for understanding phylogenetic
relationships among Aegilops and Triticum
genomes. Phylogenetic trees constructed by
using either LMW-i or the combination of LMWm and LMW-s, as well as analysis of all the
three types of LMW-GS genes together, demonstrated that the C and U genomes were
closely related to the A genome, whereas the N
and M genomes were closely related to the D
genome. Our results support previous findings
that the A genome was derived from Triticum
uratu, the B genome was from Aegilops speltoides, and the D genome was from Aegilops
tauschii. In addition, phylogenetic relationships
among different genomes analysed in this study
support the concept that Aegilops is not monophyletic.
PROFESSUR FÜR ÖKOLOGISCHEN LANDBAU UND PFLANZENBAUSYSTEME
The humus balance model (HU-MOD): a
simple tool for the assessment of management change impact on soil organic matter
levels in arable soils
Brock, C., Hoyer, U., Leithold, G., Hülsbergen,
K.-J.: Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems
(2011). DOI 10.1007/s10705-012-9487-z
With this paper we present a simple model for
the assessment of management impact in arable farming systems on soil organic matter
(SOM) levels. The humus balance model (HUMOD) is designed for application by farmers
and extension workers in practice as a tool for
management support. To enable practice applicability, HU-MOD bypasses the need for data
on soil parameters and can be run with simple
management data. HU-MOD is based on a
simplified model on carbon and nitrogen pools
and fluxes in the soil-plant system. The model
proved to be an applicable simple tool for the
comparison of management systems in arable
farming with regard to the impact on SOM levels. Even though an absolute quantification of
SOM level changes is not possible due to the
methodical approach bypassing the need for
any data on soil parameters, the model may be
used to assess a positive or negative impact of
a management system or management period
compared to a reference and thus may be used
to assess the impact of management changes,
or to analyse a specific impact for different
management periods on a defined spatial unit.
Tiergerechtheit von Futterabrufstationen in
der Gruppenhaltung von Pferden – Teil 2:
Abrufautomaten im Vergleich. Automatic
feeding systems for horses in group housing
systems with regard to animal welfare
Part 2: Comparison of different automatic
feeding systems
Zeitler-Feicht, M.H., Streit, S., Dempfle, L.:
Tierärztl. Prax. 39 (G) (2011) 33-40
Objective: Comparison with regard to animal
welfare of different automatic feeding systems
for hay and concentrate in group housing systems for horses using parameters of ethology
and physiology. Material and methods: Parameters of research comprised: duration of
stay, frequency of visit, threatening behaviour
with and without risk of injury, and avoiding
behaviour as well as heart rate and injuries of
the integument. 452 horses were observed at
the feeding area of 32 run-out-sheds. Every
group of horses was continuously observed
following the pie chart system for 24 hours.
Results: The “walk-through” station significantly
reduced the number of conflicts in the feeding
area, whereas those systems which are appropriate for the feeding horses (feeding station
with access barrier and without stimulation
device by electric shock) led to a higher frequency of visits and a longer duration of stay
resulting in more threatening gestures. How-
ever, the number of negative interactions in the
feeding area of the feeding systems can all
together be classified as relatively insignificant.
The heart rate was within the physiological
range (45.1 + 12.42 beats/min) in the waiting
area, but increased by approximately 20
beats/min on average within the feeding station. Some horses showed a very high heart
rate (≥100 beats/min) while entering the feeding
station, possibly stress-related. There were no
injuries of the integument associated with the
feeding systems. The most important factor of
the observation criteria was the individual group
housing system with its different dimensions,
conception and management. Conclusion:
“Walk-through” stations are better than ”walkback” stations with regard to animal welfare.
Likewise, automatic feeding stations with a
current-carrying stimulation device are not
supportive of good welfare. The other differences between the constructions of feeding
stations of present systems are probably of less
importance, particularly as it was shown that
the stable (management, stable area, conception) had a significant influence on the surveyed
parameters. Investigations to obtain information
on the cause for the sporadic occurrence of
very high heart rate values should be undertaken.
PROFESSUR FÜR PHYTOPATHOLOGIE
Pathogenesis-associated
transcriptional
patterns in Triticeae
Bischof, M., Eichmann, R., Hückelhoven, R.: J
Plant Physiol. 168 (2011) 9–19
The Triticeae tribe of the plant Poaceae family
contains some of the most important cereal
crop plants for nutrition of humans and livestock such as wheat and barley. Despite the
agronomical relevance of plant immunity,
knowledge on mechanisms of disease or resistance in Triticeae is limited. It is hardly understood what actually stops a microbial invader
when restricted by the plant and in how far a
susceptible host plant contributes to pathogenesis. Transcriptional reprogramming of the
host plant may be involved in both immunity
and disease. This paper gives an overview
about recent analyses of global pathogenesisrelated transcriptional patterns in response of
Triticeae to biotrophic or non-biotrophic fungal
pathogens and their toxins. It highlights enriched biological functions in association with
successful plant defence or disease as well as
97
experiments that successfully translated gene
expression data into analysis of gene functions.
Cell biology of the plant–powdery mildew
interaction
Hückelhoven, R., Panstruga, R.: Current Opinion in Plant Biology 14 (2011) 738-746
Powdery mildew fungi represent a paradigm for
obligate biotrophic parasites, which only
propagate in long-lasting intimate interactions
with living host cells. These highly specialized
phytopathogens induce re-organization of host
cell architecture and physiology for their own
demands. This likely includes the corruption of
basal host cellular functions for successful fungal pathogenesis. Recent studies revealed secretory processes by both interaction partners
as key incidents of the combat at the plantfungus interface. The analysis of cellular events
during plant-powdery mildew interactions may
not only lead to a better understanding of plant
pathological features, but may also foster novel
discoveries in the area of plant cell biology.
A barley ROP GTPase ACTIVATING PROTEIN
associates with microtubules and regulates
entry of the barley powdery mildew fungus
into leaf epidermal cells
Hoefle, C., Huesmann, C., Schultheiss, H.,
Börnke, F., Hensel, G., Kumlehn, J., Hückelhoven R.: The Plant Cell 23 (2011) 2422-2439
Little is known about the function of host factors involved in disease susceptibility. The barley (Hordeum vulgare) ROP (RHO of plants) Gprotein RACB is required for full susceptibility
of the leaf epidermis to invasion by the biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp hordei.
Stable transgenic knockdown of RACB reduced
the ability of barley to accommodate haustoria
of B. graminis in intact epidermal leaf cells and
to form hairs on the root epidermis, suggesting
that RACB is a common element of root hair
outgrowth and ingrowth of haustoria in leaf
epidermal cells. We further identified a barley
MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED ROP-GTPASE
ACTIVATING PROTEIN (MAGAP1) interacting
with RACB in yeast and in planta. Fluorescent
MAGAP1 decorated cortical microtubules and
was recruited by activated RACB to the cell
periphery. Under fungal attack, MAGAP1labeled microtubules built a polarized network
at sites of successful defense. By contrast,
microtubules loosened where the fungus succeeded in penetration. Genetic evidence sug-
98
gests a function of MAGAP1 in limiting susceptibility to penetration by B. graminis. Additionally, MAGAP1 influenced the polar organization
of cortical microtubules. These results add to
our understanding of how intact plant cells
accommodate fungal infection structures and
suggest that RACB and MAGAP1 might be
antagonistic players in cytoskeleton organization for fungal entry.
ROPGAPs of Arabidopsis limit susceptibility
to powdery mildew
Huesmann, C., Hoefle, C., Hückelhoven, R.:
Plant Signaling & Behavior 6 (2011) 1691-1694
The barley ROP GTPase HvRACB is a susceptibility factor of barley to powdery mildew
caused by the biotrophic fungus Blumeria
graminis f.sp. hordei (Bgh). In a recent publication, we reported about a MICROTUBULEASSOCIATED
ROP
GTPASE-ACTIVATING
PROTEIN 1 (HvMAGAP1) of barley. Transientinduced gene silencing or overexpression of
HvMAGAP1 resulted in enhanced or reduced
susceptibility to Bgh, respectively, indicating a
possible HvRACB-antagonistic function of
HvMAGAP1 in interaction with Bgh. HvMAGAP1 also influences the polarity of cortical
microtubules in interaction with Bgh. In AtROPGAP1 and AtROPGAP4, Arabidopsis homologs of HvMAGAP1, knock-out T-DNA insertions enhanced susceptibility of Arabidopsis to
the virulent powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe
cruciferarum, indicating functions of ROPGAPs
in pathogen interaction of monocots and dicots. Here we discuss the role of AtROPGAP1
and AtROPGAP4 in Arabidopsis pathogenesis
of powdery mildew in some more detail.
Alcohol dehydrogenase 1 of barley modulates susceptibility to the parasitic fungus
Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei
Proels, R.K.: J Exp Bot. 62 (2011) 3449-3457
Plant primary energy metabolism is profoundly
reorganized under biotic stress conditions and
there is increasing evidence for a role for the
fermentative pathway in biotic interactions.
However, the mechanisms regulating metabolic
reprogramming are not well understood despite
its critical function in the biotic stress response.
Here the function of alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH) in the interaction of barley with the parasitic fungus Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Bgh)
is addressed. Challenge of susceptible barley
leaves with Bgh resulted in transcriptional activation of HvADH1 and an induction of ADH
enzyme activity starting 24 h after infection and
reaching a clear-cut effect 4 d after infection.
This increase in ADH enzyme activity was not
observed in the resistant near-isogenic mlo5
line. Moreover, an induction of ADH enzyme
activity by Bgh was enhanced in the presence
of sucrose in hydroponically grown seedlings.
Transient knock-down or overexpression of
HvADH1 in barley epidermal cells mediated a
decrease or increase in the penetration success
of Bgh, respectively. Inhibition of ADH activity
by pyrazole resulted in a delay in symptoms.
The pyrazole effect could be overcome by adding glucose to the incubation medium, pinpointing a nutritional effect of ADH in the barley–Bgh
interaction. Taken together, misexpression of
pathogen-inducible HvADH1 or variation of
ADH activity modulates the pathogen response
of barley to the biotrophic fungal parasite Bgh.
In this way, ADH knock-down/inhibition results
in reduced fungal success. The possibility is
discussed that ADH activity supports biotrophy
by maintaining glycolytic metabolism in pathogen-stressed barley.
Infection of barley with the parasitic fungus
Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei results in the
induction of HvADH1 and HvADH2
Proels, R.K., Westermeier, W., Hückelhoven, R.:
Plant Signaling & Behavior 6 (2011) 1584-1587
Besides the established functions of alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH) in the flooding response
and in seed and pollen metabolism there is
increasing evidence for a role of the fermentative pathway in biotic interactions. We have
recently shown that barley ADH may be involved in susceptibility to the parasitic fungus
Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Bgh). Here, the
transcriptional regulation of the barley ADH
genes HvADH1 and HvADH2 after challenge of
susceptible barley leaves with Bgh is addressed. Bgh infection results in an induction of
HvADH1 and HvADH2, whereas HvADH3 expression was not detectable in leaves. With the
use of native polyacrylamide gels the isoenzyme composition with and without challenge by Bgh was analyzed, showing an activation of HvADH1 and HvADH2 in Bgh treated
leaves.
PROFESSUR FÜR OBSTBAU
Nuclei of Tsuga canadensis: Role of Flavanols in Chromatin Organization
Feucht, W., Schmid, M., Treutter, D.: International Journal of Molecular Sciences 12 (2011)
6834-6855
Needle primordia of Tsuga canadensis (hemlock) arising from flank meristems of a shoot
apex, form cell lineages consisting of four or
eight cells. Within a recently established lineage
there is striking uniformity in the pattern of nuclear flavanols. This fact points to an identical
transcriptional expression of these flavanols
during cell cycling. However two lineages, even
if located close together within the same meristem, can be very different in the expression of
both cell shape and nuclear flavanol pattern,
indicating that epigenetic positional signals are
operating in a collective specification of cell
lineage development. There is a wide range of
nuclear flavanol patterning from a mosaic-like
distribution in an activated cell type to a homogenous appearance in silenced cell types.
Single cells deriving from lineages are desynchronized because they underlie a signaling
network at a higher tissue level which results in
stronger epigenetic modifications of their nuclear flavanols. As an extreme case of epigenetic modulation, transient drought conditions
caused a drastic reduction of nuclear flavanols.
Upon treatment with sucrose or cytokinin,
these nuclear flavanols could be fully restored.
Analytical determination of the flavanols revealed 3.4 mg/g DW for newly sprouting needles and 19.6 mg/g DW for anthers during
meiosis. The roughly 6-fold difference in flavanols is apparently a reflection of the highly
diverging organogenetic processes. Collectively, the studies provide strong evidence for
combinatorial interplay between cell fate and
nuclear flavanols.
Fast and reliable detection of Plum pox virus
in woody host plants using the Blue LAMP
protocol
Hadersdorfer, J., Neumüller, M., Treutter, D.,
Fischer, T.C.: Annals of Applied Biology (2011)
456–466
Up to now, the polymerase chain reaction is the
most widely used method for the amplification
of nucleic acids in vitro, especially for pathogen
detection because of its high sensitivity. In the
recent years, however, numerous isothermal
99
amplification methods were developed to avoid
the need for thermal cycling. The most frequently applied approach seems to be loopmediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The
great advantage of LAMP is its enormous rate
of amplification paired with a very high specificity and low artefact susceptibility. This study
presents a straightforward procedure for Plum
pox virus (PPV) detection. A modified one-step
reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal
amplification protocol of Varga and James is
applied to virus suspensions from plant extracts obtained by a simplified and standardised procedure. Gel electrophoresis is substituted by a homogenous colour test upon nucleic acid amplification. This procedure takes
only 2.5 h from sampling to result and requires
minimal technical equipment. With amplification
and visualisation homogenously taking place in
non-opened tubes the risk of crosscontamination of subsequent samples by former amplification products via facilities and
equipment is strongly minimised. Hence, the
Blue LAMP provides a fast and reliable detection of PPV both for single samples and for
large-scale surveys.
Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Plum
(Prunus domestica) Breeding
Neumüller, M.: Fruit, Vegetable and Cereal Science and Biotechnology 5 (2011) 139-156
The hexaploid European plum (Prunus domestica L.) is one of the most important temperate
fruit crops. Its origin is unclear as wild forms are
missing. The genetic base which can be used
for breeding is highly diverse and provides a
good base for further improvement of the fruit
crop. Information on the inheritance of single
traits are rarely available. Breeding focuses on
resistance and fruit quality. Classical breeding
is the most important method applied. Very few
data is available on the genome sequence. No
marker assisted selection systems are available. Genetic engineering is limited to the transformation of embryonic tissue derived from
seeds. Prunus domestica is the only Prunus
species where genotypes completely resistant
to the Plum pox virus exist. This resistance is
based on a hypersensitive response of the
plant cells to the virus. Interspecific hybridization becomes more important in terms of transferring resistance traits from European plum to
related species and of developing hybrids with
new fruit characters. Classical breeding is far
from being the limit of the improvement of plum
genotypes.
100
Acylated flavonol glycosides from the forage
legume, Onobrychis viciifolia (sainfoin)
Veitch, N.C., Regos, I., Kite, G.C., Treutter, D.:
Phytochemistry 72 (2011) 423-429
Ten acylated flavonol glycosides were isolated
from aqueous acetone extracts of the aerial
parts of the forage legume, Onobrychis viciifolia, and their structures determined using spectroscopic methods. Among these were eight
previously unreported examples which comprised either feruloylated or sinapoylated derivatives of 3-O-di- and 3-O-triglycosides of
kaempferol (3,5,7,4’-tetrahydroxyflavone) or
quercetin (3,5,7,3’,4’-pentahydroxyflavone). The
diglycosides were acylated at the primary Glc
residue of O--Rhap(16)-β-Glcp (rutinose),
whereas the triglycosides were acylated at the
terminal Rha residues of the branched trisaccharides,O--Rhap(12)[-Rhap(16)]-β-Galp
or O--Rhap(12)[-Rhap(16)]- β-Glcp. Identification of the primary 3-O-linked hexose residues as either Gal or Glc was carried out by
negative ion electrospray and serial MS, and
cryoprobe NMR spectroscopy. Analysis of UV
and MS spectra of the acylated flavonol glycosides provided additional diagnostic features
relevant to direct characterisation of these
compounds in hyphenated analyses. Quantitative analysis of the acylated flavonol glycosides
present in different aerial parts of sainfoin revealed that the highest concentrations were in
mature leaflets.
Approaches to Determine the Origin of
European Plum (Prunus Domestica) Based
on DNA Nucleotide Sequences
Xuan , H., Spann, D., Schlottmann , P., Neumüller , M.: Acta Hort. 918 (2011) 261-267
7 nuclear SSRs and 10 chloroplast SSRs
(cpSSRs) from 4 non-coding regions were chosen for DNA and cpDNA analysis from a total of
about 30 individuals of P. domestica, P.
spinosa, P. cerasifera, P. salicina and interspecific crosses of P. domestica × P. cerasifera, P. domestica × P. spinosa and P. cerasifera
× P. salicina and used for molecular phylogenetic approaches to help clarify the origin of
European plums. Primers were labelled with
Cy5 and Cy5.5 and the PCR products were
detected and analysed by capillary electrophoresis using a Beckman CEQ 8000 DNA sequencer (Beckman Coulter, Inc.) by comparison
with internal size standards. Cluster analysis
was performed with GelCluster V1.0 (BioScisoftware), to obtain dendrogram grouping out-
put. Using the 7 SSRs and 9 cpSSRs successfully separated the 30 individuals of P. domestica, P. spinosa, P. cerasifera, P. salicina and
interspecific crosses of P. omestica × P. cerasifera, P. domestica × P. spinosa, P. domestica
× P. armeniaca and P. cerasifera × P. salicina.
‘Tatjana’, formerly described as a P. cerasifera
genotype, is likely to be a hybrid between P.
salicina and P. cerasifera. ‘69 KO’ from Lauenburg is probably not a pure P. ceracifera genotype, but has P. salicina ancestors.
setzungen Traktoren, die landwirtschaftlichen
Universalmaschinen, als Transportfahrzeug
geeignet sind. In vorliegendem Versuch wurde
deshalb ein Standard-Allradschlepper mit alternativen Transportkonzepten aus dem Bereich
Güterkraftverkehr verglichen, um zu ermitteln,
unter welchen Bedingungen die Versuchsfahrzeuge ihre Stärken optimal nutzen können.
Hierbei standen die Transportleistung, die benötigte Zeit sowie der Kraftstoffverbrauch im
Vordergrund der Untersuchung.
Department Ingenieur-Wissenschaften für
biogene Rohstoffe
der TU München
Algorithmic Efficiency Analysis of Harvest
and Transport of Biomass
Heizinger, V., Bernhardt, H.: Journal of Agricultural Machinery Science Volume 7 (1) (2011) 9599, ISSN: 1306-0007
POFESSUR FÜR AGRARSYSTEMTECHNIK
Since its energy density is low, an intensive use
of biomass for the production of energy goes
along, with high transport volumes. With modern biogas plants growing fast, logistic systems
that master the large upcoming mass flows are
getting more and more complex. Reliable planning tools do not yet exist. Therefore the organization of transport chains is usually based
on empirical knowledge. As a consequence the
efficiency in biomass logistics is often low.
To be able to rate the systems that are used in
practice with regard to their efficiency a method
to evaluate the regarded systems has been
developed at the chair of Agricultural Systems
Engineering at the Technische Universität
München (TUM). The underlying algorithm connects data of different machines and assigns
specific jobs to certain periods of time. The
results of this efficiency analysis can be used
as input data to simulate agricultural transportation systems and form the basis of a systematic optimization of biomass logistics.
Früherkennung von Erkrankungen bei Kälbern unter Nutzung pedometergestützter
Messtechnik
Fröhner, A., Höldrich, A., Reiter, K., Bernhardt,
H.: Landtechnik 6 (2011) 448-452
Die Haltung von Kälbern in Außenklimaställen
setzt sich in größeren Milchviehbetrieben zunehmend durch. In den ersten Lebenswochen
sind Mortalität und Morbidität als problematisch anzusehen. Neben Direktbeobachtungen
und Vitalitätseinschätzungen bietet die pedometergestützte Messtechnik ein wertvolles
Hilfsmittel zur frühzeitigen Erkennung von Erkrankungen. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse
zeigten, daß Verhaltensabweichungen bei erkrankten Tieren mit diesen Methoden feststellbar sind. Weiterhin zeigte sich, daß die automatisierte Ermittlung der lokomotorischen Aktivität
zur Verbesserung der Tiergesundheit beitragen
kann. Im Hinblick auf eine Senkung der Morbiditäts- und Mortalitätsrate sollten die mittels
Pedometer erfaßten, einzeltierbezogenen Daten
künftig zunehmend als Managementhilfe in der
Kälberaufzucht genutzt werden.
Agrarlogistik - Systemvergleich von Transportkonzepten der Getreidelogistik
Götz, S., Holzer, J., Winkler, J., Bernhardt, H.,
Engelhardt, D.: Landtechnik 66 (5) (2011) 381–
386
Laut aktueller Umfrage erreichen Traktorreifen
bis zu 30 Prozent des Nutzungsumfangs im
Straßentransport. In diesem Kontext muss deshalb hinterfragt werden, unter welchen Voraus-
Work Load Examinations at the Log Wood
Production
Höldrich, A.: Tarim Makinalari Bilimi Dergisi,
Journal of Agricultural Machinery Science 7 (2)
(2011) 133-136, ISSN 1306-0007
Beside specific process characteristics, the
unspecific factor of the work load shall be
arised and used for an evaluation of the log
wood production for fireplaces. The working
flow - beginning with the operating cycles, ending with different composed production paths shall be examined and with the so called
OWAS-method dedicated to action categories
(OWAS = Ovako Working Posture Analysing
101
System). If it is possible this abstract index shall
characterize in an understandable way the work
load, so that one can give an application recommendation of the operating cycles.
Aufbau eines tageslichtgestützten AlgenPhotobioreaktors – Erste Versuche
Peterhansl, A., Höldrich, A., Bernhardt, H.,
Reisch, M.: Landtechnik 6 (2011) 457-459
Die Nutzung regenerativer Energien und die
Suche nach neuen nachhaltigen Rohstoffquellen stehen weltweit in einem immer größeren
Fokus. Algen können sowohl Quelle für regenerative Energien sein als ach stofflich genutzt
werden. In unseren Breiten ist eine Züchtung
von Algen über den gesamten Jahresverlauf
nicht möglich. Abhilfe schafft hierbei der tageslichtgestützte Photobioreaktor. Dieser bietet
durch den Vorteil eines geschlossenen Systems, geringen äußeren Einflussfaktoren und
einer einfachen Handhabbarkeit die Möglichkeit
der ganzjährigen Nutzung.
Verfahrensvergleich eines stationären und
mobilen Schiebersystems für die Flüssigentmistung
Sagkob, S., Niedermeier, J., Bernhardt, H.:
Landtechnik 4 (2011) 238–242
Die Produktivität und Automatisierung von Arbeitsprozessen sind wichtige Faktoren in der
heutigen Milchproduktion. Spaltenreinigungsroboter sind autark und sehr flexibel bei der
Reinigung von Flächen. In der Untersuchung
wurde ein Spaltenreinigungsroboter auf verschieden großen planbefestigten Flächen mit
einer stationären Anlage hinsichtlich Funktionalität, Routengestaltung und Reinigungswirkung
verglichen. Der Dimensionierung des Schildes
und des Abwurfschachtes für Flüssigmist kam
dabei eine besondere Bedeutung zu.
Grassilagebereitung - Systemvergleich auf
kleinstrukturierten Milchviehbetrieben
Holzer, J., Sagkob, S., Bernhardt, H.: Landtechnik 3 (2011) 176–179
Landwirtschaftliche Betriebe haben verschiedene Erntesysteme für Grassilage zur Auswahl.
Zu den Ernteverfahren gibt es zahlreiche Untersuchungen, die jedoch meist unter standardisierten Versuchsbedingungen durchgeführt
wurden. Welche der Angaben eine Anwendung
auf Praxisbetrieben mit kleinen und ungünstig
102
geformten Schlägen Anwendung finden können, ist oft unklar. Deshalb wurde auf zwei bayerischen Milchviehbetrieben die Erntesysteme
Häckselkette und Ladewagen sowie die Erntevorbereitung in Eigenmechanisierung gegenüber der Lohnarbeit untersucht. Die Ergebnisse
zeigen, dass angegebene Kennwerte nicht ohne Weiteres auf kleinstrukturierte Betriebe übertragen werden können.
Department für Agrarökonomie
Wissensschaftszentrum Weihenstephan der TU
München
PROFESSUR FÜR WIRTSCHAFTSLEHRE DES
LANDBAUS
Market Access for Local Food through the
Conventional Food Supply
Abate Kassa, G., Peterson, C.: International
Food and Agribusiness Management Review 14
(1) (2011) 63-82
The study examines relationships and linkages
between the conventional supply chain actors
(wholesalers and retailers) and local food producers based on a study conducted in Southeast Michigan. A case study approach was
employed to examine chain actors’ operations
and to explore their roles, experiences and
perceptions about local foods. Semi-structured
interviews were conducted with the owners and
managers of eleven retailers and six wholesalers. The study found differences in local food
perceptions, buying experiences and perceived
benefits and risks associated with local food
activities. The study also indicated some competition between the local retailers and alternative market outlets. The major implication of the
findings is that producers need to provide additional market services and develop trust-based
relationships with their buyers to create a market for local foods.
Carbon (CO2)-footprints bei der Primärzeugung von Lebensmitteln Tierischer Herkunft:
Datenbasis und Reduzierungspotenziale
Flachowsky, G., Brade, W., Feil, A., Kamphues,
J., Meyer, U., Zehetmeier, M.: Übers. Tierernährung. 39 (2011) 1-45
Weltweit wird zunehmend versucht, die als
Folge menschlicher Aktivitäten entstehenden
Emissionen zu erfassen und Reduzierungspo-
tenziale zu erkennen, zu nutzen und auszuschöpfen. Niedrige Emissionen resultieren
meist aus einer hohen Effizienz der eingesetzten Ressourcen, so dass auch diesbezüglich
Vorteile möglich sind. Diese Einschätzung trifft
auch für die Erzeugung von Lebensmitteln tierischer Herkunft zu. Im Beitrag wird versucht, die
wichtigsten bei der agrarischen Primärproduktion entlang der Nahrungskette mit ihren einzelnen Gliedern Boden - Pflanzenbau (Ernte, Konservierung) Mischfutterherstellung - Tierhaltung
(Exkrementmanagement) - Nutztier anfallenden
klimarelevanten Emissionen (Kohlendioxid, C02;
Methan, CH4; Lachgas, N20) und mögliche Einflussfaktoren darzustellen. Unter Berücksichtigung der Treibhauseffekte der verschiedenen
Gase erfolgten die Ableitung von sog. Carbon
Footprints (CF) und der Vergleich der kalkulierten Werte in Abhängigkeit von verschiedenen
Einflussfaktoren (z.B. Tierart bzw. Nutzungsrichtung, Leistungshöhe, Bezugsbasis). Dabei
zeigte sich, dass bei Wiederkäuerprodukten
(Milch, Fleisch) über 50 % der CF auf die Emissionsquelle Methan entfallen und dass die Leistungshöhe einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die
abgeleiteten CF hat. Mögliche Reduzierungspotenziale werden aufgezeigt und Forschungsbedarf wird abgeleitet. Dabei erscheinen Effizienzerhöhungen durch pflanzen- und tierzüchterische Maßnahmen besonders nachhaltig zu
sein. Zusammenfassend ist einzuschätzen,
dass die Erzeugung von Lebensmitteln tierischer Herkunft ein überaus komplexer Vorgang
ist, und dass selektive Bewertungen, d. h. die
Fokussierung auf Einzelfaktoren der Komplexität nicht gerecht werden.
less intensive management practices involve
lower risk, the decrease in risk premium is not
sufficient to alter the ranking of strategies, even
for farmers with higher levels of risk aversion.
Reducing nitrogen rates would be costly to
farmers, especially under reduced or shallow
tillage. Decoupled farm subsidies within the
expected utility model show that even for a
scenario with no subsidies our conclusions do
not change.
Ökonomische Aspekte von Precision Farming- aktueller Stand & Perspektiven
Gandorfer, M., Meyer-Aurich, A, Kapfer, M.:
Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für
Agrarökonomie 20 (2) 35-44
Dieser Beitrag zeigt, dass die teilflächenspezifische Applikation von Betriebsmitteln aufgrund
des flachen Verlaufs der inputkostenfreien Leistung (Payoff-Funktion) im Bereich des Optimums meist nur geringe ökonomische Vorteile
bietet. Durch die alleinige Anpassung des Betriebsmitteleinsatzes sind daher nur begrenzte
ökonomische Effekte zu erwarten. Der Einsatz
von Precision Farming wird vielmehr dann ökonomisch relevant, wenn dies dazu führt, dass
die Payoff-Funktion auf ein höheres Niveau
verschoben wird. Als Beispiele dafür werden
die qualitätsdifferenzierte Ernte und ControlledTraffic-Farming genannt.
PROFESSUR FÜR AGRAR- UND ERNÄHRUNGSWIRTSCHAFT
Analyzing the Effects of Risk and Uncertainty on Optimal Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilizer Intensity for field crops in Germany.
Gandorfer, M., Pannell, D., Meyer-Aurich, A.:
Agricultural Systems 104 (8) (2011) 615-622
Government decisions before and during the
First World War and the living standards in
Germany during a drastic natural experiment
Blum, M.: Explorations in Economic History 48
(4) (2011)
This study provides a risk analysis of long-term
field experiments in Germany (Bavaria) on various field crops (potato, wheat and corn), grown
in rotation, under a variety of different tillage
and nitrogen management systems. The field
experiment provided yield and input data for
the analysis, and was combined with market
data relevant to the case-study region. The
emphasis of the analysis is on the interaction
between risk and tillage and nitrogen strategies.
Over the whole rotation (corn-wheat-potatowheat), conventional tillage combined with
conventional nitrogen rates is optimal, both for
risk-neutral and risk-averse farmers. Although
The First World War hit Germany severely, particularly the agricultural sector, because the
outbreak came unexpected and its duration
exceeded all expectations. Many resources
necessary for agricultural production were required by the war economy and led to shortages and shrinking supplies. Many agricultural
laborers were drafted and the blockade imposed by the allies prevented Germany from a
great deal of imports. As a consequence, the
nutritional situation was devastating, particularly after 1916, and hit all groups of the German society. The period under observation
provides one of most drastic natural experi-
103
ments in the 20th century. This study uses anthropometric data from German soldiers who
served in the Second World War to trace living
standards between the 1900s and the 1920s. In
contrast to other approaches, this paper is able
to distinguish between social groups by occupation, religious denomination, regional origin,
and city size. The results suggest that although
all social strata were hit by famine conditions,
the height of farmers, urban citizens, Catholics,
and especially individuals born in the highly
integrated food-import regions along the coast
and the banks of the Rhine declined most.
Anthropometric within-country Inequality
and the Estimation of Skill Premia with Anthropometric Indicators
Blum, M., Baten, J.: Review of Economics 62
(2) (2011)
We provide a literature review of anthropometric studies of within-country inequality. Then we
discuss the relationship between skill premia
and inequality indicators based on height variation. Skill premia describe the wage gap between an unskilled and a skilled building
worker, while height CVs (coefficient of height
variation) display the variance in net nutrition.
We find that the two measures are correlated
and that CV values are suitable to estimate skill
premia. We supplement the existing literature
by an additional tool, namely the estimation of
skill premia based on the coefficient of height
variation.
Benefits and costs of biologically contained
GM tomatoes and eggplants in Italy and
Spain
Groeneveld, R. Ansink, E., van de Wiel, C.,
Wesseler, J.: Sustainability 3 (2011) 1265-1281
In this paper we assess the benefits and costs
of introducing biologically contained genetically
modified (GM) crops, with an application to the
potential introduction of GM tomatoes and
eggplants in Italy and Spain. Such crops possess both the standard beneficial GM traits,
and they prevent introgression of transgenes
from GM crops to their conventional or wild
relatives, thereby adding to the safety of their
cultivation. As a result, coexistence regulations
for these crops are less stringent than for crops
without biological containment. The potential
adoption of biologically contained GM tomatoes and eggplants is assessed in a costbenefit framework for Italy and Spain. We con-
104
clude that biological containment has considerable potential benefits if policy makers are willing to loosen the restrictions on the introduction
of these varieties.
Performance assessment of two smallholder
irrigation schemes in the Central Rift Valley
of Ethiopia
van Halsema, G., Lenchal, B.K., Assefa, M.,
Hengsdijk, H., Wesseler, J.: Irrigation and
Drainage 60 (2011) 622-634
The recent increase in smallholder irrigation
schemes in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia
has been associated with the overexploitation
of water resources, while the economic viability
of these schemes has been questioned. This
paper assesses water use efficiencies of the
Haleku Irrigation Scheme and quantifies improvement scenarios. The viability of these
scenarios is discussed, taking into account the
socio-economic performance of the Haleku
Irrigation Scheme and the nearby Dodicha Irrigation Scheme – that feature similar settings
but contrasting socio-economic performance.
The irrigation efficiency of Haleku is 35%, but
conveyance losses and application efficiencies
vary widely across the scheme. Scenario results indicate scope for improvement and reduced water abstraction. Yields and economic
returns of irrigated crops were higher in Haleku
than in Dodicha, but yields are still lower than
attainable yields. Any strategy to increase irrigation efficiency will have to include a programme to improve crop productivity and economic returns.
Considering the over-abstraction of water resources, the poor irrigation performance of
Haleku and the disappointing socioeconomic
performance of both Haleku and Dodicha suggest that policy should focus on improving existing schemes in the Central Rift Valley instead
of further developing new ones.
Attitudes, Perceptions, and Trust: Insights
from a Consumer Survey Regarding Genetically Modified Banana in Uganda
Kikulwe, E., Wesseler, J., Falck-Zepeda, J.:
Appetite 57 (2011) 401-413
Genetically modified (GM) crops and food are
still controversial. This paper analyzes consumers’ perceptions and institutional awareness
and trust toward GM banana regulation in
Uganda. Results are based on a study conducted among 421 banana-consuming house-
holds between July and August 2007. Results
show a high willingness to purchase GM banana among consumers. An explanatory factor
analysis is conducted to identify the perceptions toward genetic modification. The identified factors are used in a cluster analysis that
grouped consumers into segments of GM
skepticism, government trust, health safety
concern, and food and environmental safety
concern. Socioeconomic characteristics differed significantly across segments. Consumer
characteristics and perception factors influence
consumers’ willingness to purchase GM banana. The institutional awareness and trust
varied significantly across segments as well.
The findings would be essential to policy makers when designing risk-communication strategies targeting different consumer segments to
ensure proper discussion and addressing potential concerns about GM technology.
A Latent Class Approach to Investigating
Developing Country Consumers’ Demand for
Genetically Modified Staple Food Crops: The
Case of GM Banana in Uganda
Kikulwe, E., Birol, E., Wesseler, J., FalckZepeda, J.: Agricultural Economics 42 (2011)
547-560
This study explores consumer acceptance and
valuation of a genetically modified (GM) staple
food crop in a developing country prior to its
commercialization. We focus on the hypothetical introduction of a disease-resistant GM banana variety in Uganda, where bananas are
among the most important staple crops. A
choice experiment is used to investigate consumer preferences for various attributes related
to the banana (such as bunch size, technology,
producer benefit, and price) and examine their
opinions on GM foodstuff. Choice data come
from 421 banana-consuming households randomly selected from three regions of Uganda.
A latent class model is used to investigate the
heterogeneity in consumers’ preferences for
selected attributes related to the banana and to
profile consumers who are more or less likely to
accept GM bananas. Our results reveal that
there is significant heterogeneity in consumer
preferences across our sample. GM bananas
are valued the most by poorer households located in the rural areas of the Eastern region.
These food-insecure households would experience the highest benefits (i.e., welfare gains)
from the commercial release of GMbananas. In
contrast, urban consumers are less accepting
of GMbananas, and they would experience
significant welfare losses if GM banana is released. According to our welfare estimates,
both the total welfare benefits acquired by the
gainers and the total welfare losses borne by
the losers of this technology are significant and
large. These results suggest the need for further
investigation of the overall welfare effects of the
introduction of GM bananas on the Ugandan
society as a whole.
Different perceptions of adaptation to climate change: a mental model approach applied to the evidence from expert interviews
Otto-Banaszak, I., Matczak, P., Wesseler, J.,
Wechsung, F.: Regional Environmental Change
11 (2011) 217-228
We argue that differences in the perception and
governance of adaptation to climate change
and extreme weather events are related to sets
of beliefs and concepts through which people
understand the environment and which are
used to solve the problems they face (mental
models). Using data gathered in 31 in-depth
interviews with adaptation experts in Europe,
we identify five basic stakeholder groups
whose divergent aims and logic can be related
to different mental models they use: advocacy
groups, administration, politicians, researchers,
and media and the public. Each of these
groups uses specific interpretations of climate
change and specifies how to deal with climate
change impacts. We suggest that a deeper
understanding and follow-up of the identified
mental models might be useful for the design of
any stakeholder involvement in future climate
impact research processes. It might also foster
consensus building about adequate adaptation
measures against climate threats in a society.
Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaften der TU
München
PROFESSUR FÜR BETRIEBSWIRTSCHAFTSLEHRE, MARKETING UND KONSUMFORSCHUNG
Akzeptanz von Innovationen im Lebensmittelsektor – ein Vergleich zwischen Frankreich und Deutschland am Beispiel der Nanotechnologie
Bieberstein, A., Roosen, J., Marette, S., Blanchemanche, S. and Vandermoere, F.: Ernährungsumschau 6 (2011) 290-296
105
Vergangene Studien haben gezeigt, dass die
Akzeptanz neuer Lebensmitteltechnologien von
einer Vielzahl von Faktoren wie beispielsweise
der Technikeinstellung abhängig ist und es trotz
fortschreitender Europäisierung Unterschiede
diesbezüglich zwischen den Ländern Europas
gibt. Der vorliegende Beitrag vergleicht die
Akzeptanz einer neuen im Lebensmittelsektor
angewandten Technologie, der Nanotechnolgie,
und deren potentielle Einflussfaktoren zwischen
Deutschland und Frankreich. Insgesamt besitzen deutsche Konsumenten/innen ein differenzierteres Bild der Nanotechnologie und unterscheiden in Bezug auf Risiko- und Nutzenbewertung zwischen unterschiedlichen Anwendungen, während französische Verbraucher/innen insgesamt etwas skeptischer sind.
Grund dafür scheint der vergleichsweise große
Anteil an skeptischen Verbraucher/innen in
Frankreich und die positivere Einstellung der
deutschen Konsumenten/innen in Bezug auf
wissenschaftlichen und technischen Fortschritt
zu sein.
Cross-national adoption of private food
quality standards
Herzfeld, T., Drescher, L.S., Grebitus, C.: Food
Policy 36 (3) (2011) 401-411
DOI:10.1016/j.foodpol.2011.03.006
Retailer initiated food quality standards are
important elements to market food and agricultural products. However, farmers’ certification
proceeds at an unequal speed worldwide with
some countries representing a large number of
certified producers and others representing
very few, if any. This study aims at analysing
the adoption of two private food standards,
BRC Food Technical Standard and GlobalGAP,
at an aggregated cross-country level using data
of 2007. Negative binomial models are applied
to quantify the determinants of standards’
spread at an aggregated level. The results of
the econometric analysis reveal some (potential) barriers for farms and firms in developing
countries to access this type of organisational
innovation. Certificates of both standards seem
to be issued more likely in countries with established trade relations with Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, home countries
of the standards. Furthermore, larger countries
and countries with better institutional quality
host more certified firms. Finally, a country’s
level of economic development displays a clear
non-monotonic relationship to the number of
certified enterprises. Although no evidence for a
general exclusion of developing countries can
106
be found, the main implication of this paper is
that third-party certification for export purposes
seems to reinforce already existing trade relations, potentially hampering new entrants.
Health consciousness, costs of behaviour
and the purchase of organic food
Kriwy, P., Mecking, R.: International Journal of
Consumer Studies 36 (1) (2011) 30-37
DOI: 10.1111/j.1470-6431.2011.01004.x
This paper examines environmental and health
consciousness, as well as behavioural costs
and their effects on the purchase of organic
products. The consumption of organic products
is regarded as an investment in individual
health. The low-cost hypothesis takes
environmental attitudes and behavioural costs
into account and is applied to organic food
consumption. The survey conducted in three
German cities in 2006 using self-administered
questionnaires (n = 521) does not investigate
willingness to pay but rather self-reported
behaviour. The results of the regressions using
the Heckman correction show that income
does not affect the regularity of organic food
consumption but that it does influence
individual expenditure on organic food.
Furthermore, there is an inverted u-shaped
relation between age and the purchase of
organic
products.
Although
health
consciousness has a stronger association with
organic
food
consumption
than
does
environmental concern, the interaction between
behavioural costs and health or environmental
consciousness shows no effect. Thus, the lowcost hypothesis is not supported.
The Combination of Lab and Field Experiments for Benefit-Cost Analysis
Marette, S., Roosen, J., Blanchemanche, S.:
Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 2 (3) (2011)
Article 2
This article explores the combination of laboratory and field experiments in defining a welfare
framework and the impact of different regulatory tools on consumer behaviors. First, an
overview of strengths and weaknesses raised
by the experimental literature show that, for
food consumption, lab and field experiments
may be complementary to each other. The lab
experiment elicits willingness to pay useful for
determining per-unit damages based on wellinformed, thoughtful preferences, while the field
experiment determines purchase/consumption
reactions in real contexts. Second, the analytical approach suggests how to combine the
results of both lab and field experiments to
determine the welfare impact of different regulatory tools such as labels and/or taxes. Third,
an empirical application focuses on a lab and a
field experiment conducted in France to evaluate the impact of regulation on fish consumption. Estimations for the French tuna market
show that a per-unit tax on tuna and/or an advisory policy lead to welfare improvements.
Making the „right” choice based on experiments: regulatory decisions for food and
health
Roosen, J., Marette, S.: European Review of
Agricultural Economics 38 (3) (2011) 361-381
This article shows how experiments revealing
information about food quality and safety can
contribute to regulatory debates on food and
health. After detailing the motivations of regulation for the food sector, we underline the limits
of theoretical welfare analysis. Despite challenges from behavioural economics, cost–
benefit analysis using experimental results can
complement theoretical analysis. In a brief review of laboratory and field experiments with
food, we discuss their relative strengths and
weaknesses and suggest an analytical approach of how to integrate experimental data
into welfare analysis. An empirical application
quantifies and compares the welfare impact of
health information and a subsidy for fish.
The Effect of Information Choice and Discussion on Consumers’ Willingness-to-Pay
for Nanotechnologies in Food
Roosen, J., Bieberstein, A., Marette, S.,
Blanchemanche, S., Vandermoere, F.: Journal
of Agricultural and Resource Economics 36 (2)
(2011) 364-376
We evaluate the impact of different information
sequences on participants’ hypothetical willingness to pay (WTP) for food produced using
nanotechnology. In three treatment groups,
information on the health, societal, or environmental impact linked to nanotechnology was
revealed in different sequences: an imposed
order, a chosen order, and a chosen order after
a discussion among participants. Results show
that information choice is important. While in
the imposed order, the first information revealed has no effect on WTP, the information
chosen first has a strong impact. Discussion
has no further impact. Health information was a
priority and significantly decreased WTP, while
societal and environmental information did not
significantly influence WTP.
PROFESSUR FÜR VOLKSWIRTSCHAFTSLEHRE – UMWELTÖKONOMIE UND AGRARPOLITIK
Cooperative versus non-cooperative spatial
competition for milk
Graubner, M., Koller, I., Salhofer, K., Balmann,
A.: European Review of Agricultural Economics
38 (2011) 99-118
Although important, the spatial dimension is
often neglected in studies of market power and
competition in agricultural markets. This paper
investigates spatial competition for raw milk
between dairies under the presence of marketing cooperatives. Since observed in reality, our
model is based on uniform delivered pricing
and overlapping market areas. We compare
spatial cooperative price matching with noncooperative Hotelling–Smithies behaviour. Utilising a vector error correction model, we show
that the observed low price transmission in
Germany is in line with cooperative behaviour.
This seems rational since it increases processors’ profits. The abolition of the quota system
may increase price transmission.
Going beyond impact factors: a surveybased journal ranking by agricultural
economists
Herrmann, R., Berg, E., Dabbert, S., Pöchtrager, S., Salhofer, K.: Journal of Agricultural
Economics 62 (2011) 710-722
A consistent and comprehensive ranking of
journals relevant for agricultural economists
cannot rely on impact factors for at least two
major reasons: (i) the scientific database by
Thomson Reuters, on which the standard impact factor is based, includes only a very limited number of relevant journals; (ii) the standard impact factor cannot be compared across
research fields of different sizes. Survey-based
journal rankings may overcome these problems. We report on such a survey-based ranking initiated by the Agricultural Economics Associations of Germany and Austria. Results of
the ranking and a classification of journals, i.e.
a rating, are provided for 160 selected journals.
Scientific quality is assessed by an index based
107
on the researchers’ perception of the quality
standards of each journal and of the quality of
its published articles. The survey-based ranking
allows a much more comprehensive and consistent ranking than the impact factor, as specific agricultural economics journals can be
directly compared with neighbouring economic
and interdisciplinary journals to which agricultural economists submit their work. The low
impact factors of core agricultural economics
journals are put into perspective. The scientific
quality of the top agricultural
economics journals is assessed as being rather
high and above most of the relevant interdisciplinary journals from agricultural and food sciences that are typically characterised by higher
impact factors. Agricultural economists’ perceptions on the scientific quality of the journals
vary more across journals than perceptions of
their relevance.
Der Zusammenhang zwischen technischer
Effizienz und wirtschaftlichem Erfolg - Eine
Analyse für bayerische Milchviehbetriebe.
Kellermann, M., Salhofer, K., Wintzer, W. und
Stockinger, C.: German Journal of Agricultural
Economics 60 (4) (2011) 230-242
Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, den Zusammenhang zwischen der technischen Effizienz des
Produktionsprozesses und dem wirtschaftlichen
Erfolg
landwirtschaftlicher Betriebe
aufzudecken und betriebsspezifische Faktoren
zu bestimmen, die diese beiden Größen beeinflussen. Wir analysieren hierfür ein unbalanciertes Panel von rund 2 000 Milchviehbetrieben in Bayern zwischen den Jahren 2000
und 2008. Die technische Effizienz der Betriebe wird mittels stochastischer Frontieranalyse
untersucht. Der wirtschaftliche Erfolg der
Betriebe wird durch die Kennzahl „Nettorentabilität“ erfasst. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine
durchschnittliche technische Effizienz von 88,2
% und eine durchschnittliche Nettorentabilität
von etwa 57 %. Eine Rangkorrelationsanalyse zeigt einen hochsignifikanten positiven
Zusammenhang zwischen diesen beiden
Größen. Wir berechnen die marginalen Effekte
möglicher Einflussfaktoren auf Effizienz und
Erfolg und zeigen, dass sich die Ausbildung
der Betriebsleiter, die Führung der Betriebe
im Haupterwerb ebenso wie bessere natürliche Ertragsbedingungen positiv auf beide
Größen auswirken.
108
Wissenschaftszentrum Straubing der TU München
PROFESSUR FÜR CHEMIE BIOGENER ROHSTOFFE
Removal of monomer delignification products by laccase from Trametes versicolor
Kolb, M., Sieber, V., Amann, M., Faulstich, M.,
Schieder, D.: Bioresource Technology 104
(2011) 298–304
The influence of a laccase from Trametes versicolor on the removal of phenolic monomers in
liquid hot water pretreated wheat straw supernatants (LHW-S) was examined. Beside the
total phenol content derived by Folin–Ciocalteu
(FC-) assay, phenolic monomers were measured via headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME)/GC–MS. A notable decrease of the phenols was achieved using 0.2
and 0.5 U/mL laccase whilst higher dosage
showed no improvement. Nearly all kind of
monomer phenolic compounds identified in the
LHW-S were found to be removed after 24 h.
However, acetophenone and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (HBA) were obviously not affected by
laccase. Summarizing, three laccase reactiongroups (LRG) of phenolic monomers could be
classified: immediate removal (LRG-A), degradation after 1 day (LRG-B), no effect of laccase
(LRG-C). Additionally, HS-SPME/GC was found
to be a powerful tool to study the reaction of
laccase and phenolic monomers in complex
lignocellulose derived solutions.
Biocatalytic strategies for the asymmetric
synthesis of profens – recenttrends and developments
Kourist, R., Dominguez de María, P., Miyamoto,
K.: Green Chem. 13 (2011) 2607-2618
The profen family belongs to the most important non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs). A considerable number of biocatalytic processes for the synthesis of optically
pure (S)-profens have been proposed. Despite
of the excellent enantioselectivity and the large
advantages that enzyme catalysis offers in
terms of sustainability, biocatalytic processes
have failed so far to meet the technical and
economic challenges of commercialization. This
critical review outlines recent trends and developments of novel applications that appear very
promising in terms of enantioselectivity, efficiency, sustainability and yield. Special empha-
sis is placed on the contribution of protein engineering in overcoming the limitations of these
enzymes for technical applications, and thus
providing promising biocatalysts for the preparation of pharmaceutical products. The natural
catalytic diversity, assisted by modern methods
of protein engineering, provides novel concepts
and leads for the environmentally friendly synthesis of pharmacologically important drugs.
Considerable progress can be expected in the
coming decades. Furthermore, aspects regarding ecological footprints and the impact of each
biocatalytic route are critically addressed, considering aspects like the type of solvent, waste
produced, availability of substrate, etc. When
possible, suggestions for combining efficiency
with more sustainable synthetic approaches are
also given.
Dramatically improved catalytic activity of an
artificial (S)-selective arylmalonate decarboxylase by structure-guided directed evolution
Miyauchi, Y., Kourist, R., Uemura, D., Miyamoto, K.: Chem. Comm. 47 (2011) 7503-7505
Using three rounds of structure-guided directed
evolution, the catalytic activity of the (S)selective arylmalonate decarboxylase variant
G74C/C188S could be increased up to 920fold. The best variant had a 220-fold improved
activity in the production of (S)-naproxen with
excellent enantioselectivity (>99% e.e.).
Scleroglucan: Biosynthesis, production and
application of a versatile hydrocolloid
Schmid, J., Meyer, V., Sieber, V.: Invited Mini
Review in Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 91 (4)
(2011) 937-947
Since its first description in the early 1960s,
scleroglucan attracted much attention from
both academia and industry. Scleroglucan is an
exopolysaccharide secreted by the basidiomycete Sclerotium rolfsii and appreciated as a
multipurpose compound applicable in many
industrial fields, including oil industry, food
industry and pharmacy. In this review, the current knowledge on scleroglucan chemistry,
genetics, biosynthesis and production will be
summarized and different application possibilities discussed. The biosynthesis of scleroglucan in Sclerotium rolfsii will be highlighted by
recent transcriptomic data and linked to
physiological data to better understand the
biogenesis of scleroglucan and its link to the
phytopathologic lifestyle of S. rolfsii.
PROFESSUR FÜR ROHSTOFF- UND ENERGIETECHNOLOGIE
Enrichment of bioactive phenolic compounds from aqueous solution by foam separation
Brunner, D., Riepl, H., Faulstich, M., Azaizeh,
H., Ahmed, T.: Planta Medica 77 (2011) 13481348
Olive mill wastewater (OMWW) is an abundant
source of polyphenols. Due to their different
bioactivities, OMWW would be a worthwhile
source of highly valuable compounds for pharmaceutical and food industry. However, a simple and cost-effective extraction technique has
still to be found. The present study aimed to
evaluate foam separation for the isolation of
phenolic compoundes from OMWW. Thereby,
surface-active substances can be enriched in
an up-rising foam produced by introducing gas
in an aqueous solution. Running the process
within inert gas at room temperature provides a
mild technique for heat- and oxygen-sensitive
substances. Aqueous solutions of phenolic
acides (vanillic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic
acid, protocatechuic acid), all found in OMWW,
were used as simple models of OMWW. The
added
cetyltrimethylammonium
bromide
(CTAB) acted as a foaming agent and as an
anion-collector for the deprotonated reference
substances. Enrichment factors (concentration
in the collected foam relative to the concentration in the feed solution verified via HPLC
analaysis) for the phenolic acids were optimized
by varying important process parameters like
pH, CTAB concentration, biophenol concentration and gas flow rate. As a result, enriched
extracts were obtained for all tested substances.
A new approach to improve high temperature corrosion resistance of thermally
sprayed coatings by using electrochemical
corrosion tests
Neddemeyer, T., Mocker, M., Faulstich, M.:
Materials & Corrosion 62 (2011) 623-634
In order to increase reliability and lifetime of
heat exchangers in waste-toenergy plants corrosion resistant thermally sprayed coatings are
109
applied in a higher extent. From the selection of
a plant specific spray material and process via
laboratory and field experiments up to a successful coating a high amount of time and
money is necessary. In particular, experiments
in corrosive surroundings at high temperature
which are needed to optimize the coating quality are time-consuming. In order to decrease
development times and to reduce costs, corrosion resistance of a thermally sprayed coating
under high temperature conditions is compared
with its behavior in an aqueous solution. If the
high temperature corrosion resistance can be
forecast by electrochemical tests, a fast, efficient and cheap possibility to improve the coating quality would be available and the efforts for
tests in high temperature environments could
be decreased. To accomplish this objective,
Diamalloy 1005 was sprayed with the APSprocess on a ferritic steel. Since the performance of thermally sprayed coatings is not only
influenced by the coating material but also by
the spraying parameters, three different spray
parameter sets were used. After analyzing the
results of the corrosion tests under high temperature conditions and in aqueous solution an
identical assessment of the spray parameterspecific corrosion protection could be obtained.
Ongoing field tests in a waste-to-energy plant
are expected to prove the laboratory results.
So, a first step in the development of a fast,
efficient and cheap method to predict the high
temperature corrosion resistance of a thermally
sprayed coating might have been done.
Bio-butanol from food wastes – fermentative
production, use as biofuel an the influence
on the emissions
Stoeberl, M., Werkmeister, R., Faulstich, M.,
Russ, W.: Procedia Food Science 1 (2011)
1867-1874
Due to rising prices of fossil energy sources
renewable energy sources and biofuels gain in
importance. Butanol as fuel or blending component has some advantages compared to
ethanol. For example a lower vapour pressure
and higher energy density. The production of
butanol in a microbial fermentation was first
reported by Pasteur in 1861. Wastes from the
food industry can be excellent substrates for
fermentative fuel production. Whey is an excellent substrate for ABE fermentation because of
its high lactose content. Worldwide the accruing whey amount is about 160 *106 Mg per
year. 12 solvent producing strains of clostridia
were chosen and tested about their ability to
110
produce a high concentration of butanol. In the
next project steep rapeseed oil/n-butanol
blends in different compositions were tested in
a single-cylinder diesel engine to their emission/combustion characteristics compared to
pure rapeseed oil at different load levels. A
higher n-butanol content increases carbon
monoxide-, total hydrocarbons- and acroleinemissions at all load levels. NOx-emissions
values are on a lower level running the engine
on lower part load.
2. Weitere
Veröffentlichungen
Buchbeiträge
und
PROFESSUR FÜR PHYSIOLOGIE
Reiter, M., Pfaffl, M.W.: RT-PCR Optimization
Strategies. - In: PCR Troubleshooting and
Optimization – The Essential Guide (Kennedy
S., Oswald, N.), Caister Academic Press, Norfolk, UK (2011) 97-118, ISBN: 978-1-90445572-1
PROFESSUR FÜR TIERZUCHT
Fries, R,, Pausch, H.: Individuelle Genomsequenzierung von Nutztieren – auf dem Weg
zur Genomischen Selektion 2.0. Züchtungskunde 83 (2011) 371-381
PROFESSUR FÜR TIERHYGIENE
Bauer, J., Schwaiger, K.: Teil IV, Allgemeine
Mykologie. Grundlagen. Tiermedizinische
Mikrobiologie, Infektions- und Seuchenlehre
(2011) 345-58
Bauer, J., Schwaiger, K.: Teil V, Spezielle Mykologie und Prototheken. Spezielle Mykologie. Tiermedizinische Mikrobiologie, Infektionsund Seuchenlehre (2011) 359-82
Bauer, J.: Pilz- und Algeninfektione Praktikum
der Hundeklinik (2011) 379-385
PROFESSUR FÜR TIERERNÄHRUNG
Feofilova, Y., Metwally, A., Zeller, F., Windisch,
W., Kozlov, I., Kozlov, A.: Effektivitätserhöhung der Futternutzung – Voraussetzung der
Leistungssteigerung von Tieren und Minde-
rung von Produktionsselbstkosten. Vestnik
Orel SAU Nummer 1 (2011) 50-52, ISSN 19903618
Li, Q., Mair, C., Schedle, K., Hammerl, S.,
Schodl, K., Windisch, W.: High Iodine Diets for
Fattening Pigs - Risk for Consumer? In: Feedinfo News Service 1-2 (2011) ISSN 1777-5566
Schümann, K., Becker, C., Wagner, S., Windisch, W.: Eisen. In Praxishandbuch Functional
Food, Herausgeber: H.F. Ebersdobler, A.H.
Meyer; Behrs´Verlag, Hamburg, ISBN: 978-386022-555-4
im Auftrag des Landesfischereiverbands Bayern
e.V. (2011)
Täubert, J.E., Geist, J.: Optimierung von Auswilderungsmaßnahmen im Rahmen der Artenhilfsprogramme. Zwischenbericht im Auftrag des Landesfischereiverbands Bayern e.V.
(2011)
Werner, I., Markiewicz, D., Deanovic, L., Connon, R., Beggel, S., Teh, S., Stillway, M., Reece, C.: Pelagic Organism Decline (POD): Acute and Chronic Invertebrate and Fish Toxicity
Testing in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta 2008-2010. Final Report submitted to the
California Department of Water Resources
PROFESSUR FÜR AQUATISCHE SYSTEMBIOLOGIE
PROFESSUR FÜR BODENKUNDE
Denic, M., Sternecker, K., Geist, J.: Funktionskontrolle von künstlichen Laichplätzen an
Inn und Lech. Abschlussbericht Projekt 607 im
Auftrag des Landesfischereiverbands Bayern
e.V. (2011)
Gum B.: Muschelkoordination in Bayern –
neue Wege im Muschelschutz. Bericht zum
Vortrag der 22. SVK-Fischereitagung am 29.
März, Fulda (2011)
Gum, B., Geist J.: Koordinationsstelle für
Muschelschutz. Jahresbericht im Auftrag des
Bayerischen Landesamtes für Umwelt (2011)
Kuehn, R., Geist, J., Gum, B., Denic, M.: Populationsgenetik bayerischer Flussperlmuschelvorkommen. Abschlussbericht im Auftrag
des Bayerischen Landesamtes für Umwelt.
Projekt P.5003 AHP Flussperlmuschel
Kollin, V., Leitzbach, D., Geist, J.: Ernährungsökologie invasiver Grundeln in Bayern. Abschlussbericht im Auftrag des Landesfischereiverbands Bayern e.V. (2011)
Pander, J., Müller, M., Geist, J.: Verbesserung
der Funktionalität von Fließgewässersubstraten. Jahresbericht im Auftrag des Landesfischereiverbands Bayern e.V. (2011)
Prietzel, J., Bachmann, S.: Verändern Douglasien Wasser und Boden? Bayernweite Studie
zu ökologischen Aspekten bestätigt Erwartetes und enthüllt Unerwartetes. LWF aktuell
84 (2011) 50-52
PROFESSUR FÜR GEOMORPHOLOGIE UND
BODENKUNDE
Haeberli, W., Völkel, J: Formenbildung durch
periglaziale Prozesse.- In: Gebhardt, H., Glaser, R., Radtke, U., Reuber, P. (Hrsg.): Geographie. - Physische Geographie und Humangeographie, Elsevier / Spektrum Akademischer
Verlag (2011) 412-419
Hürkamp, K., Völkel, J., Heine, K., Bens, O.,
Leopold, M., Winkelbauer, J.: Late Quaternary
environmental changes from aeolian and
fluvial geoarchives in the southwestern Kalahari, South Africa: Implications for African
Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and
Southern Hemisphere Westerly Wind (SWW)
dynamics. - Geophysical Research Abstracts,
Vol. 13 (2011) EGU2011-11094
Pander, J., Müller, M., Hamp, J., Geist, J.: Teilprojekt VIII Aquatische Biodiversität. Abschlussbericht im Auftrag des Landesfischereiverbands Bayern e.V. (2011)
Sternecker, K., Geist, J.: Fließgewässersedimente / Lithophile Fische. Abschlussbericht
111
Leopold, M.: Buried soils and surfaces - key
archives for Geoarchaeology. - In: Fechner,
K., Devos, Y., Leopold, M., Völkel, J. (Hrsg.):
Archaeology, soil and life-sciences applied to
enclosures and fields. - Proceedings of the
session 'From microprobe to spatial analysis enclosed and buried surfaces as key sources in
archaeology and pedology'. European Association of Archaeologists, 12th annual meeting,
Krakow-Poland, 19.-24. September 2006. British Archaeological Reports International Series
S2222 (2011) 1-7
Leopold, M., Völkel, J.: Application of GPR
within an artificial water catchment in NEGermany. - Geophysical Research Abstracts,
Vol. 13 (2011) EGU2011-10936
Leopold, M., Völkel, J.: Imaging the architecture of the Critical Zone along an altitudinal
gradient in the Rocky Mountains Front
Range of Colorado, USA. - Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 13 (2011) EGU201110955
Ans Licht gebracht - MagnetometerProspektion an der ältesten Siedlung Bayerns in Niederhummel, Landkreis FreisingLeopold, M., Gannaway, E., Völkel, J.: Archäologie im Landkreis Freising 11(2011) 35-44
Raab, A., Brützke, W., Christophel, D., Völkel,
J., Raab, T.: Reconstruction of the fire history
in the Siedlungskammer Burgweinting (Bavaria, Germany) in relation to the settlement
and environmental history. - In: Wilson, L.
(ed.): Human Interactions with the Geosphere:
The Geoarchaeological Perspective. - The Geological Society, London, Special Publications
352 (2011) 137-161
Raab, A., Völkel, J.: Holocene soil development and pedogenic clay mineral transformation in luvisols with different ages of development at the central square enclosure of
Poign (Central Bavaria, South Germany). – In:
Fechner, K., Devos, Y., Leopold, M., Völkel, J.
(Hrsg.): Archaeology, soil and life-sciences applied to enclosures and fields. - Proceedings of
the session 'From microprobe to spatial analysis - enclosed and buried surfaces as key
sources in archaeology and pedology'. European Association of Archaeologists, 12th annual meeting, Krakow-Poland, 19.-24. September 2006. British Archaeological Reports International Series S2222 (2011) 121-131
112
Völkel, J.: Bodenentwicklung.- In: Gebhardt,
H., Glaser, R., Radtke, U., Reuber, P. (Hrsg.):
Geographie. - Physische Geographie und Humangeographie, Elsevier / Spektrum Akademischer Verlag (2011) 481-489
Völkel, J., Leopold, M., Huber, J., Dethier, D.:
Parameters and genetic interpretation of a
palaeosol from the Colorado Front Range,
USA. - Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol.
13 (2011) -11019
PROFESSUR FÜR BODENÖKOLOGIE
Jones, M.D., Brooks, D., Courty, P.-E., Garbaye, J., Grierson, P.F., Pritsch, K.: Methods
for linking enzyme activities with fine-scale
soil microsites. In: R. Dick (Hrsg.) Methods in
Soil Enzymology, Soil Science Society of America (2011) 275-296
Ruser, R., Pfab, H., Palmer, I., Buegger, F.,
Schulz, R., Fiedler, S., Müller, T.: Möglichkeiten zur Minderung der N2O-Freisetzung aus
einem gemüsebaulich genutzten Boden.
VDLUFA-Schriftenreihe 67 (2011) 210-226
PROFESSUR FÜR GRÜNLANDLEHRE
Seibert, S., Auerswald, K., Fiener, P., Disse, M.,
Martin, W., Haider, J., Michael, A., Gerlinger, K.:
Surface runoff from arable land – a homogenized data base of 726 rainfall simulation
experiments. DOI: 10.1594/GFZ.TR32.2 (2011)
9 p.
PROFESSUR FÜR PFLANZENERNÄHRUNG
El-Hendawy, S.E., Alboghdady, M., Schmidhalter, U.: Saving water in arid and semi-arid
countries as a result of optimising crop
evapotranspiration. Evapotranspiration (Book
2), INTECH Open Access Publisher. Rijeka,
Croatia (2011) 225-244
Schmidhalter, U., Manhart, R., Heil, K.,
Schraml, M., v.Tucher, S.: Gülle- und Gärrestdüngung zu Mais. Zeitschrift Mais 2 (2011) 8891
PROFESSUR ÖKOLOGISCHER LANDBAU UND
PFLANZENBAUSYSTEME
Engelmann, K., Hülsbergen, K.-J.: Wie nachhaltig wirtschaften Naturland Betriebe? Naturland Nachrichten 06 (2011) 26-27
Hülsbergen, K.-J.: C-Sequestrierung landwirtschaftlicher Böden. Humuswirtschaft &
Kompost 1/2 (2011) 1-5
Hülsbergen, K.-J.: Ökolandbau und Klimawandel – Potenziale und Herausforderungen.
BioNachrichten 5 (2011) 36-37
Maidl, F.-X.: Verfahren zur Bestimmung des
Düngerbedarfs, insbesondere des StickstoffDüngerbedarfs und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung
des
Verfahrens.
Patentschrift
TU1505, Deutsches Patentamt (2011)
Maidl, F.-X.: Verfahren zur Bestimmung des
Düngerbedarfs, insbesondere des StickstoffDüngerbedarfs und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung
des
Verfahrens.
Patentschrift
TU1507/85, Internationales Patentamt (2011)
Ribbe, L., Freibauer, A., Güthler, W., Heißenhuber, A., Hülsbergen, K.-J., Krug, A., Makeschin,
F., von Meyer, H., Peterwitz, U.: Für eine ökologisierte erste und eine effiziente zweite
Säule. Stellungnahme der Kommission Landwirtschaft am Umweltbundesamt (KLU) zur
Reform der gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik, Umweltbundesamt Dessau (2011)
Zeitler-Feicht, M.H.: Gruppe oder einzeln?
Unterschiedliche Haltungsformen und –
verfahren im Überblick. Pferdefokus, SH
Praktischer Tierarzt 3.Jg (2011) 21-29
Zeitler-Feicht, M.H.: Wann benötigen Pferde
einen Witterungsschutz? Pferde, Zucht und
Haltung 19 (2011) 76-79
Leiminger, J., Hausladen, H.: Wirkung verschiedener Fungizide auf den Befall der
Dürrfleckenkrankheit (Alternaria spp.) sowie
auf den Ertrag der Kartoffel (Effect of Different Fungicides on the Control of Early
Blight (Alternaria spp.) and Potato Yield).
Gesunde Pflanzen 63 (2011) 11–18
Hückelhoven, R., Schweizer, P.: Quantitative
disease resistance and fungal pathogenicity
in Triticeae. J Plant Physiol. 168 (2011)1-2
Leiminger, J., Hausladen, H.: Gezielte vorbeugende Maßnahmen reduzieren den Alternaria-Befall. Kartoffelbau 06 (2011) 20-24
Leiminger, J., Hausladen, H.: Kartoffeln vor
Alternaria schützen. Bayerisches Landwirtschaftliches Wochenblatt 26 (2011) 26-27
Leiminger, J., Hausladen, H.: Alternariaineffiziente Bekämpfung kostet Ertrag. Russische Ausgabe der Neuen Landwirtschaft,
HCX, 3 (2011) 46-49
Linkmeyer, A., Heß, M., Hückelhoven, R., Hausladen, H.: Fusarium Head Blight of Barley.
Journal of Plant Pathology 93 (2011) 21
Heß, M., Nyman, M., Hausladen, H., Weigand,
S., Hückelhoven, R.: Influence of the leaf spot
complex of barley on yield quality and quantity in relation to the climatically and economically changing situation as a basis for
integrated pest management. Journal of Plant
Pathology 93 (2011) 19
Hess, M., Nyman, M., Hausladen, H., Weigand,
S.: Studying the biology of Ramularia collocygni for the development of an Integrated
Pest Management System to match new
challenges from a changing climate. 4th International Workshop on Barley Leaf Blights,
Dundee, Scotland (2011) 14
Zeitler-Feicht, M.H.: Alarmsignale – Pro und
Contra Einzel- und Gruppenhaltung. Bayerns
Pferde Zucht + Sport 7 (2011) 76-78
Nyman, M., Hess, M., Hausladen, H., Weigand,
S.: Presence of Ramularia collo-cygni in Bavaria in the past 50 years. 4th International
Workshop on Barley Leaf Blights. Dundee,
Scotland (2011) 20
PROFESSUR FÜR PHYTOPATHOLOGIE
Hess, M., Hausladen, H., Weigand, S.: Einfluss
des Blattfleckenkomplexes der Gerste auf
Ertrags- und Qualitätsparameter unter Berücksichtigung des Integrierten Pflanzenschutzes. Getreidemagazin 2 (2011) 30-32
Eichmann, R., Hückelhoven, R.: Pflanzliche
Immunität und ihre Anwendung im Pflanzenschutz (Plant immunity and its application in
plant protection). Gesunde Pflanzen 63 (2011)
1–9
113
Hess, M., Gastl, M., Weigand, S., Henkelmann,
G., Rychlik, M.: Influence of crop health and
fungal contamination of spring barley on
mycotoxin content and malting quality.33rd
European Brewery Convention Congress, Glasgow (2011) 52
S.: Blattfleckenkomplex an der Gerste - Ursachen
und
Gegenmaßnahmen.
LfLJahrestagung (2011) 37-46
PROFESSUR FÜR TECHNIK IM GARTENBAU
Kreuzpaintner, A., Laun, N., Meyer, J., Schlüpen, M., Schockert, K.: Gewächshaus mit
maximaler Wärmedämmung und C02neutraler Energieversorgung. Kuratorium für
Technik und Bauwesen in der Landwirtschaft
e.V. (Hrsg.): Energie macht Zukunft. Konzepte
für den optimierten Energieeinsatz im Gartenbau, 30-33
Meyer,
J.:
Zukunftsinitiative
„NiedrigEnergiegewächshaus“ ZINEG. Jahrbuch Gartenbau: TASPO-Gartenbaukalender 102 (2011)
285-292
PROFESSUR FÜR AGRARSYSTEMTECHNIK
Bernhardt, H. (Hrsg.), Höldrich, A.: 17. Arbeitswissenschaftliches Kolloquium VDIMEG-Fachausschuss Arbeitswissenschaften im
Landbau und Lehrstuhl für Agrarsystemtechnik
TUM, Selbstverlag (2011) ISBN: 978-3-00034001-7
Bernhardt, H., Heckmann, M.: Unter Strom
und Spannung. Brandenburger Bauernzeitung
52 (5) (2011) 34–35
Bernhardt, H., Sagkob, S., Niedermeier, J.:
Spaltenroboter auch auf planbefestigten
Flächen? In: Elite – Magazin für Milcherzeuger
3 (2011) 56-59
АГРОМЕНЕДЖЕРА
(Neue
Russland) 4 (2011) 72-75
Landwirtschaft
Siefer, V., Haidn, B., Bernhardt, H.: Einmal
waschen und spülen. Bayrisches Landwirtschaftliches Wochenblatt 38 (201) (2011) 40-42
PROFESSUR FÜR WIRTSCHAFTSLEHRE DES
LANDBAUS
Aliyev, Z.: Obstacle to Agricultural Credit
Access in Transformation Countries: Results
of Investigations in Azerbaijan and Bulgaria.
Trakia Journal of Sciences 9 (2) (2011) 16-22
Gandorfer, M., Meyer-Aurich, A.: Precision
Farming - Der Mehrwert ist oft knapp. DLGMitteilungen 9 (2011) 17-19
Hebauer, C., Gandorfer, M., Hoffmann, H.,
Heissenhuber, A.: Die Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik (GAP) der Europäischen Union nach 2013.
Schriftenreihe der Rentenbank 27 (2011) 7-39
Heissenhuber, A., Zehetmeier, M.: Allgemeine
Entwicklung - Landbewirtschaftung und
Klimawandel. Jahrbuch Agrartechnik 23 (2011)
17-22
Heissenhuber, A.: Sustainable Land Use.
Trakia Journal of Sciences 9 (2) (2011) 1-5
Heissenhuber, A.: Umsetzung einer nachhaltigeren Wirtschaftsweise. Von einer umweltverträglicheren Landnutzung zu einem zukunftsfähigen Lebensstil. Verband für landwirtschaftliche Fachbildung in Bayern e.V.;
Festschrift des Bayer. Landesverbandes für
landw. Fachbildung e.V., Freising (2011) 88-91
Heissenhuber, A.: Nahrungsmittel versus öffentliche Güter. Agrarwelt im Umbruch - Herausforderung und Chancen (2011) 89-105
Heissenhuber, A., Rauh, S.: Zur Nutzungskonkurrenz zwischen nachwachsenden Rohstoffen und Lebensmitteln. Erneuerbare Energien 2 (2011) 137-151
Bernhardt, H.: Qualitätssicherung (Rückverfolgbarkeit) in der Innenwirtschaft. Harms,
H.-H., Metzner, R. (Hrsg.): In. Agrartechnik 23
(2011) 49-54
Hübner, R., Kralisch, S.: Ein Rückblick auf die
Tortillakrise. VWU-Mitteilungen 111 (2011) 1517
Machl, T., Heckmann, M., Bernhardt, H.:
Давление + Балласт = Мощность? (Luftdruck + Ballst = Leistung?). HCX - ЖУРНАЛ
Koerber, K.v., Leitzmann C.: Welternährung:
eine globale Perspektive. In: Hoffmann, I.,
Schneider, K., Leitzmann, C.: Ernährungsöko-
114
logie - Komplexen Herausforderungen integrativ begegnen. oekom, München (2011) 78-85
Koerber, K.v., Leitzmann, C.: Empfehlungen
für eine nachhaltige Ernährung: vom Wissen
zum Handeln. In: Hoffmann, I., Schneider, K.,
Leitzmann, C.: Ernährungsökologie - Komplexen Herausforderungen integrativ begegnen.
oekom, München (2011) 148-154
Koerber, K.v., Leitzmann, C.: Welternährung:
globale Nahrungssicherung für eine wachsende Weltbevölkerung. Ernährungsumschau
12 (2011) 668-673
Pahl, H., Rauh, S., Faatz, M.: Nebeneinander
möglich. Wie sich Biogaserzeugung und
Tierhaltung ergänzen können. BLW 201(16)
(2011) 22-35
Zehetmeier, M.: Ökobilanzierung der Rindfleischerzeugung verschiedener Produktionssysteme dargestellt für Treibhausgase.
Emissionen der Tierhaltung - Treibhausgase,
Umweltbewertung, Stand der Technik. KTBLSchrift 491 (2011) 65-75
bioeconomy: Policy recommendations from
the 15th ICABR conference. AgBioForum 14
(2011) 180-186
Wesseler, J., Scatasta, S., Fall, E.H.: Environmental Benefits and Costs of GM Crops. In:
Carter, C., Moschini, GC, Sheldon, I.: Volume
10 in Frontiers of Economics and Globalization
Series: "Genetically modified food and global
welfare" (2011) 173-199. Bingley, UK: Emerald
Group Publishing
Wesseler, J., Kalaitzandonakes, N.: Present
and Future EU GMO policy. In: Oskam, A.,
Meesters, G. Silvis, H. (eds.): “EU Policy for
Agriculture, Food and Rural Areas” Second
Edition (2011) 23-323. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers
Wesseler, J., Aerni, P.: Sustainability and the
bioeconomy. AgBioForum 14 (2011) 94-96
Wesseler, J., Spielman, D.S., Demont, M.: The
Future of Governance in the Global Bioeconomy: Policy, Regulation, and Investment Challenges for the Biotechnology and
Bioenergy Sectors. AgBioForum 13 (2011)
288-290
PROFESSUR FÜR ÖKONOMIK DES GARTENBAUS UND LANDSCHAFTSBAUS
Bitsch, V.: Sustainable agriculture, social
responsibility and dairy farming. Michigan
Dairy Review 16 (1) (2011) 13-4, also available
at http://www.msu.edu/user/mdr/. Reprinted in
Progressive Dairymen.
PROFESSUR FÜR AGRARRUNGSWIRTSCHAFT
UND
ERNÄ-
Beckmann, V., Soregaroli, C., Wesseler, J.:
Coexistence of genetically modified (GM)
and non-modified (non GM) crops: Are the
two main property rights regimes equivalent
with respect to the coexistence value? In:
Carter, C., Moschini, GC, Sheldon, I. (eds.):
Volume 10 in Frontiers of Economics and Globalization Series: "Genetically modified food and
global welfare" (2011) 201-224. Bingley, UK:
Emerald Group Publishing
Smyth, S.J., Aerni, P., Castle, D., Demont, M.,
Falck-Zepeda, J.B., Paarlberg, R., Phillips,
P.W.B., Pray, C. E., Savastano, S., Wesseler,
J., Zilberman, D. (2011). Sustainability and the
PROFESSUR FÜR BETRIEBSWIRTSCHAFTSLEHRE, MARKETING UND KONSUMFORSCHUNG
Bieberstein, A., Blanchemanche, S., Marette,
S., Roosen, J., Vandermoere, F. Consumers
between indifference and distrust: French
and German behaviors regarding a possible
introduction of nanotechnologies in food.
INRA Sciences Sociales: Recherche an economie et sociology rurale, July no.1, Ivry-surSeine, Frankreich (2011)
Bieberstein, A., Vandermore, F., Roosen, J.,
Blanchemanche, S. and Marette, S.: Revisiting
social trust with regard to gendered perception of new food technologies: The case of
nanofood. In: Curtis, B. (Ed.) Psychology of
Trust, (2011), Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science
Publishers
Drescher, L.S.: Ernährungswissenschaftler an
der Universität. VDOe Position 2/11 (2011) 14
Gedrich K., Wagner K., Lax J., Koch V., Drescher L.S., Zängler T.,: Gesundheitsförderliche Schulverpflegung in Bayern. Bericht für
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die Vernetzungsstelle Schulverpflegung im
Bayerischen Staatsministerium für Unterricht
und Kultus
Olearius, G., Roosen, J. (2011) Characteristics
of loyal customers for food retail chains in
Germany. In: George Baourakis, Konstadinos
Mattas, Constantinos Zopounidis and Gert van
Dijk (Eds.). A Resilient European Food Industry
in a Challenging World, Nova Publishers, Ebook. P. 305-318
Zell, C., Gedrich, K., Drescher, L.S.: Zucker:
Von der Produktion zum menschlichen Verzehr. Bericht für die Wirtschaftliche Vereinigung
Zucker, Bonn (2011)
PROFESSUR FÜR GEOINFORMATIONSSYSTEME
Jud, M., Schwertfirm, F., Schäffler, U., Rapp,
C., Bierhance, D. Ertac, Ö. und Schilcher, M.:
Kopplung von GIS und Hydraulik am Beispiel
der Dornbirnerach. In: Strobl J., Blaschke T.,
Griesebner, G. (Hrsg.): Angewandte Geoinformatik 2011 – Beiträge zum 23. AGITSymposium Salzburg (2011) 567 – 572
Kunert, M., Steuer, H., Stahl, J. Schulz, M. und
Schilcher, M.: Bedeutung von GIS und Fernerkundung im Kontext von INSPIRE und
GMES. In: Strobl J., Blaschke T., Griesebner,
G. (Hrsg.): Angewandte Geoinformatik 2011 –
Beiträge zum 23. AGIT-Symposium Salzburg
(2011) 734 – 739
Seifert, H.: Räumliche Verbreitung ausgewählter Baumarten in Europa und deren GISund Unsicherheitsabschätzung. In: Strobl J.,
Blaschke T., Griesebner, G. (Hrsg.): Angewandte Geoinformatik 2011 – Beiträge zum 23.
AGIT-Symposium Salzburg (2011) 589 – 598
PROFESSUR FÜR BODENORDNUNG UND
LANDENTWICKLUNG
Groß, Chr., Ritzinger, A., Magel, H.: Auf der
Suche nach dem Dorf von morgen - Szenarien zur Funktionalität bayerischer Dörfer
2020. In: DISP 185, Bd. 57, Heft 2 (2011) 44-55
Magel, H., Groß, Chr.: 125 Jahre Kulturlandschaftsentwicklung in der Ländlichen Neu-
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ordnung. In: Mitteilungen DVW-Bayern e.V.,
Heft 4 63. Jg. (2011) 301-320
Ritzinger, A., Groß, C., Magel, H.: Von guten
Beispielen lernen - Erfahrungswissen für die
Dorferneuerung der Zukunft. In: fub 73. Jg
Heft 2 (2011) 74-81
PROFESSUR FÜR CHEMIE BIOGENER ROHSTOFFE
Schieder, D., Schmid, J.: Technik in Bayern.
03 (2011) 10-11
PROFESSUR FÜR ROHSTOFF- UND ENERGIETECHNOLOGIE
Binder, S., Orzol, S., Faulstich, M.: Mobile
Wärme zur Steigerung der Energieeffizienz.
Technik in Bayern, München 06 (2011) 42 - 43
Daschner, R., Faulstich, M., Quicker, P., Gleis,
M.: Emissionen und Abgasreinigungsverfahren bei der Abfallverbrennung. Technische
Sicherheit 01/02 (2011) 46-51
Faulstich, M., Franke, M.: Entwicklung der
Abfallwirtschaft zur Ressourcenwirtschaft.
Recycling Almanach, Hrsg. ATEC Business
Information GmbH, München (2011) 36-39
Faulstich, M., Müller, J., Herms, M.: Systemansätze für eine industrielle Kreislaufwirtschaft. In: Kurth, P.: Baum-Rudischhauser, A.
(Hrsg.): Ressource Abfall – Entwicklung, Bedeutung und Zukunft der Entsorgungswirtschaft,
Festschrift zum 50-jährigen Bestehen des BDE,
TK Verlag Karl J. Thomé-Kozmiensky, Neuruppin (2011) 150-165
Faulstich, M., Quicker, P., Franke, M.: Energie
aus Biomasse. Magazin Umwelt-Technologie
und Energie in Bayern, media mind GmbH &
Co. KG, München (2011) 68-77
Faulstich, M., Leipprand, A.: Perspektiven des
Wachstums in einer begrenzten Welt. Umweltmagazin, Beauftragter für Umwelt- und
Klimaverantwortung der Evangelisch-Lutherischen Kirche in Bayern (Hrsg.), 57. Jahrgang
06 (2011) 1-2
Faulstich, M.: Abfälle sind wertvolle Rohstoffe. Umwelt Spezial 06 (2011) 10-11
Faulstich, M.: Wege zur hundertprozentigen
Stromversorgung aus erneuerbaren Energien. Wasser und Abfall, 13. Jahrgang 05
(2011) 10-14
Faulstich, M.: Deutschland auf dem Weg zur
Energiewende. Wasser und Abfall, 13. Jahrgang 05 (2011) 3-4
Faulstich, M.: Elemente einer nachhaltigen
Industriegesellschaft. factorY – Magazin für
Nachhaltiges Wirtschaften, 7. Jahrgang 1/2
(2011) 23-25
Faulstich, M., Weber, M., Hey, C., Herms, M.:
Optionen für eine nachhaltige Energieversorgung. ifo Schnelldienst, 64. Jahrgang, 18
(2011) 5-13
tiges Wirtschaften, 24. Jahrgang 02 (2011) 5054
Quicker, P., Noel, Y., Daschner, R., Faulstich,
M., Raesfeld, U., Gleis, M.: Leistungsfähigkeit
von
Abgasreinigungsanlagen.
ThoméKozmiensky, K.J., Beckmann, M. (Hrsg.): Energie aus Abfall, Band 8, TK Verlag Karl ThoméKozmiensky, Neuruppin (2011) 483-496
Stenzel, F., Mocker, M., Franke, M., Faulstich,
M.: Phosphorrückgewinnung – Potenziale
und Verfahren. Teipel, U., Schmidt, R. (Hrsg.):
Rohstoffeffizienz und Rohstoffinnovationen
Band 2, Stuttgart (2011) 239-257
Faulstich, M.: Wege zur hundertprozentigen
Stromversorgung aus erneuerbaren Energien. in: Thomé-Kozmiensky, K. J., Beckmann,
M. (Hrsg.): Erneuerbare Energien Band 5 – Strategien und Forschung, Energierecht und Wirtschaft, Netze und Speicher, TK Verlag Karl
Thomé-Kozmiensky, Neuruppin (2011) 23-32
Faulstich, M., et al.: Wege zur 100 % erneuerbaren Stromversorgung. Sondergutachten,
Sachverständigenrat für Umweltfragen, in: Erich
Schmidt Verlag GmbH & Co. (Hrsg.), Erich
Schmidt Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin (2011)
Faulstich, M., Mocker, M.: Stoffströme in der
industriellen Kreislaufwirtschaft. in: Karl J.
Thomé-Kozmiensky, Andrea Versteyl (Hrsg.):
Schlacken aus der Metallurgie – Rohstoffpotential und Recycling, TK Verlag Karl J. ThoméKozmiensky, Neuruppin (2011) 3-23
Kaufhold, T., Franke, M., Mocker, M., Faulstich,
M.: Länderspezifische Ressourcenkonzepte
– Entwicklung angepasster Strategien. in
Teipel, U., Schmidt, R. (Hrsg.): Rohstoffeffizienz
und Rohstoffinnovationen Band 2, Stuttgart
(2011) 31-47
Meiller, M., Binder, S., Faulstich, M.: Speichertechnologien im Überblick. Wasser und Abfall, 13. Jahrgang 11 (2011) 10-13
Quicker, P., Noel, Y., Daschner, R., Faulstich,
M., Raesfeld, U., Gleis, M.: Deutliche Nuancen
– Die Abgasreinigungsverfahren und deren
Kombinationen weisen unterschiedliche
Leistungsfähigkeiten auf. ReSource: Abfall,
Rohstoff, Energie – Fachzeitschrift für nachhal-
117
3. Habilitationsschriften,
Dissertationen,
Diplom-/Masterarbeiten,
Bachelor-Theses
3.1 Habilitationen
Pöchträger, S.: Qualitätsmanagement in der
Agrar-und Ernährungswirtschaft: Institutionen,
Strukturen und entscheidungsrelevante Faktoren (BoKu Wien)
Ulbrich, S.E.: Hosting the preimplantation embryo: Maternal challenges during bovine pregnancy
3.2 Dissertationen
Ahmad, A.F.: Polyphenol metabolism in sainfoin
(Onobrychis viciifolia): a forage legume of renewed attention
Baumann, S.: Downstream signaling of oncogenic Kras in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: in vivo and ex vivo imaging of tumor cell
proliferation as a tool fort the identification of
therapeutic targets
Berone, G.: The role of photosynthetic capacity and of leaf area ratio for the carbon gain of
C3 and C4 species during the cool season in
the Río de la Plata grasslands
Gick, R.: Systemische Analyse von Problemen
in Projekten der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit
und Erarbeitung von Lösungsansätzen anhand
einer neu entwickelten Projektmanagementmethode
Gröbner, A.: Differential effects of bovine conceptus-derived signaling molecules on the uterine environment supporting embryo development while allowing maternal immune tolerance
Groß, J.: Differential adaptation of performance,
metabolism and endocrine systems to lactational and nutrition induced negative energy
balance of dairy cows
Gruber, H.: Surveillance of Cry1Ab protein and
cry1Ab DNA in liquid manure, soil and agricultural crops under Bt-maize cropping and slurry
management of cows fed Bt-maize (MON810)
Herfellner, T.: Verfahren zur kombinierten anaeroben Fermentation von flüssigen und festen
organischen Produktionsreststoffen aus Brauereien
Hilscher, A.: Degradation, chemical alteration
and stabilisation of pyrogenic plant residues in
soil
Hirsch, D.: Regulierte lentivirale Expression von
Wachstumsfaktoren in Primärzellen zur Therapie osteochondraler Defekte
Diem, O.: Regulation der Expressionsaktivität
humaner endogener Retroviren (HERVs)
Huber, C.: Evaluierung der pflanzlichen Entgiftungskapazität für Humanarzneimittel in der
Phytoremediation am Beispiel der Wirkstoffe
Paracetamol und Diclofenac
Elsayed, M.E.S.: Development of noncontacting high troughput sensing to determine
drought stress in wheat and maize
Huesmann, Ch.: Investigation on the role of
RAC/ROP-mediated signaling in the interaction
of Arabidopsis and barley with plant pathogens
Fouda El-Sayed, S.: Nitrogen availability of
biogas residues
Jungert, S.: Optimierung der Stickstoffdüngung
durch teilflächenspezifische Landbewirtschaftung
Fritsche, P.: Einfluss der Histondeacetylase 2
(HDAC2) auf die Pathogenese des Pankreaskarzinoms
Fröhner, A.: Verhalten und Gesundheitsstatus
von Kälbern in einem Außenklimastall in den
Haltungssystemen Rein-Raus und kontinuierliche Belegung
Geischeder, R.: Bodenbelastung und Bodenbeanspruchung unterschiedlicher Fahrwerkskonfigurationen
118
Li, Q.: Influence of a high iodine supplementation as iodide or iodate on growth performance,
tissue accumulation and oxidative stress in
fattening pigs
Manolaraki, F.: Propriétés anthelminthiques du
sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifoliae): Analyse des
facteurs de variations et du rôle des composés
phénoliques impliqués
Masanetz, S.: Impact of prebiotic substances
on gut health of livestock animals Inulin, lactulose and Pinus massoniana pollen
Anabtawi, S. (Land Management and Land
Tenure): Dynamics of Urban Sprawl within a
Critical Status of Food Security
Pilloni, G.: Distribution and dynamics of contaminant degraders and microbial communities
in stationary and non-stationary contaminant
plumes
Anzinger, M. (Agrarwiss.): Wie beeinflussen
Gesundheitsinformationen die Kaufabsicht –
dargestellt am Beispiel Brot mit Lupinenprotein
(mit Prof. Dr. K. Menrad)
Przewozny, A.: Reproduktionsmanagement in
Milchviehbetrieben. Landwirtschaftlich-gärtnerische Fakultät der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin (mit Prof. Dr. Kurt J. Peters)
Bauch, G. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Epidemiologische Untersuchungen zur Verbreitung
der bakteriellen Schwarzbeinigkeit und Welke
an Pflanzkartoffeln in Bayern
Pronk, G.J.: Biogeochemical interfaces in natural and artificial soil systems; specific surface
area, phenanthrene sorptive properties and
formation of organo-mineral associations
Bauer, A. (Nachwachsende Rohstoffe): Agronomische, phänotypische und geno-typische
Charakterisierung der Kartoffelsorte Schwarzblaue aus dem Frankenwald
Schlattmann, M.: Weiterentwicklung des „Anaerobic igestion Model (ADM1) zur Anwendung
auf landwirtschaftliche Substrate
Bichlmeier, M.: Untersuchungen zum Toxinbildungsvermögen von Wallemia spp.
Schleicher, T.: Flusskalzination von Kieselgur –
Einflüsse auf die Bildung und Inhibition von
kristallinen SiO2-Modifikationen und technologische Eigenschaften der Kieselgur
Schulz, St.: Functional diversity of nitrogen
transforming microbial communities during
terrestrial ecosystem development
Sigl, G.: Effects of continuous milking during
the dry period or once daily milking in the first
four weeks of lactation on metabolism and productivity of dairy cows
Spreng, V.: Analyse der Futteraufnahme und
Vormagenentwicklung beim Kalb aus Prozessdaten einer multisensorischen Kälberaufzuchtanlage
Tänzer, M.: Novel epigenetic biomarkers for
diagnosis, prognosis and response prediction
in colorectal cancer
Blohberger, J. (Molekulare Biotechn.): Bestimmung der chemotaktischen Wirkung von stimulierten Euterepithelzellen auf bovine Leukozyten
Blümel, F.: Analyse einer Ausbildungsmethode
für Pferde unter lerntheoretischen Gesichtspunkten
Bohne, S. (Consumer Affairs): Influencing consumers' perceptions of and attitudes towards
CO2 Doppelabschluss mit Arhus University,
Dänemark
Brandstetter, C. (Nachw. Rohstoffe): Analyse
des Einflusses der Anbaubedingungen von
Energiepflanzen zur Verwendung in BioKraftstoffen auf die Ökobilanz ihrer Herstellung
Brugger, D. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Optimierung der Extraktion von Gesamt-RNA aus
bovinen Haarfollikeln zur Quantifizierung der
Expression mit Fellpigmentierung assoziierter
Gene
Wanat, N.: Potential adaptation of Miscanthus x
giganteus for the phytoremediation of a former
mining site heavily contaminated
Cate, E. (Consumer Affairs): Patterns in Lead
User Innovation: the Case of Winter Windsurfing, Doppelabschluss mit Arhus University,
Dänemark
3.3 Diplom-/Masterarbeiten
Chebaro, H. (Sustainable Ressource Management): Toxicity of iron-based nanoparticles
used for groundwater remediation
Aichner, V.: Experimentelle Untersuchung zur
Bioverfügbarkeit von verschiedenen Magnesiumverbindungen beim Absetzferkel
Cirak, P. (Consumer Science): Die Rolle der
Frau bei Kaufentscheidungen in einer Familie
119
Coscia, F. (Molekulare Biotechn.): Functional
characterisation of the tumour-associated antigen EpCAM in murine embryonic stem cells
Dalbem, R.C. (Land Management and Land
Tenure): Good Land Governance – Interactions
between society and state for the achievement
of Agrarian Reform objectives. The case of the
National Plan of Agrarian Reform II in Sao
Paulo, Brazil
Ditz, V. (Brauwesen und Getränketechnologie):
Optimierung der Gärungsparameter von gehäckselter Zuckerhirse
Ehni, S. (Molekulare Biotechn.): Epigenetic signatures and somatic cell reprogramming in pig
Ertl, J.: Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum
Einsatz unterschiedlichen Grundfutters (Heu
bzw. Heu und Maissilage) in der Kälberaufzucht
Frías, C.A. (Sustainable Resource Management): Sustainability Communication on the
Internet – A study of 500 Corporate Websites
Ganzenko, A. (Forstwiss.): Uses of hog fuel for
temporary road construction. - Investigation of
recycling possibilities
Gidion, A.T. (Land Management and Land Tenure): Public Response in the Implementation of
Free Land Rights Registration Program
(PRONA). A Case Study in Palu City, Sulawesi
Tengah Province, Indonesia
Girard, M. (Sustainable Resource Management): The Value Implications of Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction pertaining to the
Banking, Insurance and Real Estate Industries
Gräff, A.M.: Abschätzung des Potenzials zur
nachhaltigen Erzeugung von Biomasse für die
Herstellung von Flugbenzin
Gramm, A. (Horticultural Science): UVinduzierte
Veränderungen
im
Phenolmetabolismus von Obst und Gemüse am Beispiel Ribes nigrum L. und Asparagus officinalis
L.
Gruber, V.: Experimentelle Untersuchungen zm
Einfluss von Weizentrockenschlempe auf die
Mast- und Schlachtleistung von Masthühnern
Chongqing in the context of balancing urban
and rural development
Han, Y. (Umweltplanung und Ingenieursökologie): CO2-Footprint des bayerischen Hopfens
Hansbauer, A. (Molekulare Biotechn.): Optimisation of diol production in gram (+) bacteria
Hardt, M. (Molekulare Biotechn.): Generation of
Rat iPS Cells by Transduction with Recombinant Proteins
Hartmann,
P.
(Horticultural
Sciences):
Consumer Perception of Attributes and
Awareness of Origin of Mangoes in Brazil,
Department of Agricultural Economics and
Engineering, University of Bologna (mit Prof. Dr.
M. Canavari)
Hebre, H. (Horticultural Science): Histological
development of plum (Prunus domestica L.) and
localization of phenolic compounds
Helm, M. (Umwelttechnik, HS Mittweida): Zellwandverankerung eines Lignin spaltenden Enzyms an Staphylococcus carnosus
Herrmann, J. (Agrarmanagement): Einfluss von
Fütterungssupplementen auf den bovinen Cholesterinmetabolismus und die Milchzusammensetzung in der Frühlaktation
Hertel, M. (Chemieingenieurwesen): Genetic
engineering von E.coli zur Herstellung neuer
diterpenoider Verbindungen
Hohwieler, M. (Molekulare Biotechn.): Modification of genomic xenogene constructs and expression analysis in primary porcine cells
Holnburger, M. (Nachw. Rohstoffe): Feinanalyse
eines Nahwärmenetzes mit Biomasse-Feuerung
sowie Prozessoptimierung bezüglich Topologie
Holzer, J. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Optimierungs- und Simulationsansätze in der Getreidelogistik unter Berücksichtigung der automatisierten Prozessdatenerfassung während des
Mähdruschs
Hölzl, C. (Nachw. Rohstoffe): Evaluierung eines
innovatives
PretreatmentBiofiners® als
Verfahren in der Biogastechnologie
Guo, H. (Land Management and Land Tenure):
Exploration new land consolidation model in
120
Huber, A. (Nachw. Rohstoffe): Betrachtung der
Wirtschaftlichkeit aufbereiteter biogener Brennstoffe
Kurz, E. (Biologie): Habitatpräferenz des Höckerflohkrebses (Dikerogammarus villosus) im
Starnberger See
Huber, J.: Feinwurzelwachstum von vier Baumarten auf zwei unterschiedlich bewirtschafteten
Agroforstsystemen der Versuchsstation Scheyern
Kuusaana, E.D. (Land Management and Land
Tenure): Property Rating in Ghana: Procedures,
Practices, Challenges and Prospects in the
Framework of Good Governance – Case of Wa
Municipality, Upper West Region – Ghana
Ihl, S. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Charakterisierung von Genen des dopaminergen und serotonergen Systems im Zusammenhang mit Verhaltensmerkmalen des Pferdes
Jotz, S.E. (Umweltplanung und Ingenieursökol.):
Handlungsalternativen für den Anbau der Edelkastanie (Castanea sativa Mill.) am Oberrhein Chancen und Risiken zwischen Tradition und
Innovation - Eine Szenarienanalyse
Jud, M. (Umwelting.): Coupling of GIS and
hydraulics by the example of the Dornbirnerach
Karpa, J.: Einfluss von organischen Substanzen
auf die Aggregatbildung des Bodens anhand
von Modellexperimenten zur Perkolatstabilität
Kazemi, Z. (Agrarwiss.): P53-independent
MDM2 function in pancreatic cancer cells
Kempf, S. (Molekulare Biotechn.): Quantification of signaling molecules in bovine uterine
luminal fluid during preimplantation
Klingler, T. (Horticultural Science): Einfluss von
Sattdampf- und CO2 –Nachbehandlungen auf
die Qualität von Matricariae flos und Urticae
folium
Kornprobst, M. (Molekulare Biotechn.): Pancreas-specific expression of Cre recombinase
by targeting the putative porcine ROSA26 locus
Kramer, A. (Biotechn.): Untersuchung und Optimierung der fermentativen Herstellung mikrobieller Polysaccharide in Parallelbioreaktoren
Kraus, S. (Agrarwiss.): Konzepte nachhaltiger
Landwirtschaft aus Sicht einer Molkerei
Kügle, K. (Consumer Science): Preissensibilität
gegenüber Servicehotlines
Kunert, M. (Geographie): Standardbasierte,
automatisierte Berechnung von Forstindikatoren im Kontext der europäischen Initiativen
GMES und INSPIRE
Kuznia, S. (Molekulare Biotechn.): The influence
of M-CSF receptor activated signaling pathways on the differentiation of granulocytemonocyte progenitor cells
Lachermeier, U. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.):
Ermittlung der Blattoberflächen an verschiedenen Hopfensorten und deren mögliche Auswirkungen auf die Aufwandmengen
Lassner, C. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Erhebung von Milchflussparametern in der Umstellungsphase eines euterschonenden Melkzeuges
mit
Hilfe
von
Lacto
CorderUntersuchungen in einer Rohrmelkanlage
Lehermeier, C. (Statistik, LMU München): Bayesianische Prädiktion in der Pflanzenzucht mittels molekularer Marker
Leitzbach, D. (Biologie): Nutrition ecology of
two invasive gobies (Teleostei, Gobiidae), Ponticola kessleri (Günther 1861) and Neogobius
melanostomus (Pallas 1814) in the upper river
Danube
Leon, L.: Soil properties and microbial activities
in top soil in relation to crop rotation and biogas
digestion residues
Li, F. (Land Management and Land Tenure):
Evaluation of Farmers’ Participation in Rural
Residential Land Consolidation. Ways of Improving Farmers’ Benefits in Hubei Province,
China
Lo Cascio, B. (Sustainable Resource Management): The Political Economy of GMO Corps
Production: A Comparative Analysis of Italy and
Spain
Machl, T. (Agrarwiss.): Indikatorbasierte Analyse von Feldstücksform und Feldstücksgeometrie auf Grundlage von InVeKoS-Daten
Maidl, J.N.: Charakterisierung von Weizenbeständen mit Hilfe des Crop Circle ACS-210
121
Metzger–Nguyen, H. (Land Management and
Land Tenure): Integrated River and Urban Development: Planning River Floodplain. Case
Study of Red River in Hanoi- Vietnam
Mirzaev, N. (Land Management and Land Tenure): Institutional Assessment of Land Administration in Uzbekistan
Reiner, B. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Direkte
und indirekte Möglichkeiten zur Bekämpfung
von Ramularia collo-cygni
Reinhardt, J. (Horticultural Science): Untersuchungen zur Phyllodie an Parthenium hysterophorus in Äthiopien: Epidemiologie und
Wirtskreis der Phytoplasmen in wichtigen Kulturpflanzen
Morales Arevalo, V. (Consumer Affairs): Impact
of organic milk prices on the prices of conventional milk MCA neutral and Biodegradable
carrier bags
Riehl, L. (Molekulare Biotechn.): Quantitative
expression analysis of xenogene constructs
and verification of sequence identity
Mühlbauer, A.-C.: Kotwasser bei Pferden –
Welchen Einfluss haben Rangordnung, Haltung
und Fütterung?
Rinagel, F. (Nachw. Rohstoffe): Mathematisches Modell zur Herstellung von Bioethanol
der zweiten Generation
Mushinge, A. (Land Management and Land
Tenure): An Evaluation of the Lands Tribunal in
Resolving State Land Disputes in Zambia
Rimmel, N. (Nachw. Rohstoffe): Untersuchung
und Optimierung der Methanogenese aus Wasserstoff und Kohlendioxid (Bio-Methanisierung)
Nalepa, J. (Nachw. Rohstoffe): Entwicklung
eines geodatenbasierten Planungstools zum
Einsatz Erneuerbarer Energien im Landkreis
Straubing-Bogen
Schaunitzer, M.: Vergleich von geschütztem mit
ungeschütztem Rapsextraktionsschrot im Leistungskraftfutter auf Milchleistungsparameter
von Milchkühen
Nedelkou, I.P. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Untersuchungen zur Funktion der Histidinkinase
HiK12 und einer phytochrom-ähnlichen Signalkomponente in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803
Schenk, S. (Nachw. Rohstoffe): Verfahren und
Potenziale der deutschen Industrie zur Bereitstellung von Kohlendioxid für stoffliche Nutzungspfade
Niedermeier, J. (Nachw. Rohstoffe): Erstellung
eines Energiekonzepts "Vision Energieautarkie
am Beispiel des Landkreises Regen"
Schlicht, T. (Umweltplanung u. Ingenieurökol.):
Modeling Evapotranspiration of a Constructed
Wetland under Hyper Arid Climate Conditions
Obermayr, F. (Sportwiss.): Informationsprozesse zur Gestaltung von Sortiments- und
Serviceleistungen des Lebensmitteleinzelhandels - Wahrnehmung der Konsumenten
Schneider, H. (Biologie): Habitatcharakterisierung funktionaler Bachmuschelvorkommen
(Unio crassus) in Fließgewässern Bayerns
Pape, S. (Biowiss.) Microbial potential for nitrous oxide emissions in arable soil under
minimum and conventional tillage practise
Platzer, K. (Umwelttechnik, Hochschule Amberg-Weiden): Simultane Verzuckerung und
Fermentation von hydrothermal vorbehandelter
Zuckerhirsebagasse
Posada Martínez, A.M. (Sustainable Resource
Management): Host fish suitability in the thickshelled river mussel (Unio crassus)
Reichelt, M. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Influence of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors
on Stillbirths in a Suckler Cow Herd: Analysis of
a 10-year Experiment
122
Schneider, L. (Biologie): The effect of biocanal
design on benthic fauna assemblaged in the
Eldbäcken system, Sweden
Schöfbeck, J. (Agrarwiss.): Bewertung von Parallelfahrsystemen in der Landwirtschaft und
Ableitung von Handlungsempfehlungen für die
BayWa AG
Schum, Ch. (Biologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum):
Characterizing new pancreatic differentiation
factors
v. Seckendorff, M. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.):
Nährstoffversorgung und Bestandestemperatur
in Grünland – Temperaturmessung via Infrarotthermografie
Seidl M.H. (Agrarwiss.): Entwicklung und Bewertung von alternativen Geschäftsmodellen für
genossenschaftliche Brennereien in Bayern
nach Auslauf des Branntweinmonopols
Seifert, H. (Umweltplanung und Ingenieurökol.):
Räumliche Verbreitung ausgewählter Baumarten in Europa und deren GIS- und Unsicherheitsabschätzung
Sikder, S.K. (Land Management and Land Tenure): Informal Settlements Development in
Khulna City, Bangladesh: Need for Stakeholders Participation in Regularization Process
Spornraft, M. (Biologie): Implementation of
measurement of phytosterols in milk
Stöckl, K. (Biologie): Abiotische und biotische
Charakterisierung eines Habitats der Bachmuschel (Unio crassus) am Beispiel des Sallingbachs (Lkr Kelheim)
Szymanek, A. (Advanced Material Sciences):
Structure analysis of bio-based polymers
Terleth, K.: Long-term influence of herbivory on
natural stand regeneration and understorey
vegetation of mixed mountain forest habitats in
the Bavarian Limestone Alps
mestica plums and related species by phenolic
fingerprints
Wedekind, J. (Biologie): Temporal shifts in
population genetic structure of Bavarian
Salvelinus cf. umbla (Teleostei: Salmonidae)
Weigl, A. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): The impact of fungicide treatments on Fusarium head
blight of barley
Wenzel, F. (Nachwachsende Rohstoffe): Preisvolatilität auf Agrarrohstoffmärkten – Allgemeine
Einflussfaktoren am Beispiel der Preisturbulenzen 2007/2008
Winkler, J. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Erhebung geeigneter Messgrößen zur automatischen Schartiefenführung in Rübenrodern
Winkler, J.G. (Agrarwiss.): Horizontale Betriebsvergleiche in der Landwirtschaft mit Fokus auf
"agri benchmark cash crop"
Wu, C. (Umweltplanung und Ingenieurökologie):
Modeling effects of sequential exposure to
diuron, triclosan and nickel (II) chloride on Lemna minor (gemeinsam mit Prof. Ratte, RWTH
Aachen)
Thuy, B. (Agrarwiss.): Effects of varying population parameters on the genetic diversity of
simulated maize populations
Würzbauer, M. (Technologie und Biotechnologie der Lebensmittel): Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum hydrothermalen Aufschluss von
Zuckerhirsebagasse
Triendl, R.: Der Einfluss unterschiedlicher organischer Substanzen auf die Aggregierung von
Böden in Modellexperimenten
Ying, W. (Land Management and Land Tenure):
Land Use Research for Urban-Rural Coordination Development. Study on Chongqing, China
Tröster, V. (Biologie): Receptor-like cytoplasmic
kinases (RLCKs): Phenotypic characterization
of class VI_A3 in Arabidopsis thaliana and the
kinase homolog in Hordeum vulgare in plantpathogen interactions
Zywitza, V. (Molekulare Biotechn.): Reconstitution of the stem cell niche of adult neuronal
stem cells in vitro
Tungalag, G. (Land Management and Land
Tenure): Institutional Assessment of Rural Development in Mongolia: Lessons from Bavaria,
Germany
3.4 Bachelor-Theses
Wacker, S. (Zulassungsarbeit zum 1. Staatsexamen für Lehramt an beruflichen Schulen): Fit
durch den Finanzdschungel - Entwicklung von
Lernzirkelmodulen zum Erwerb von Finanzkompetenz
Wang, D. (Horticultural Science): Characterization of varieties and hybrids from Prunus do-
Aigner, K. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Der Einfluss von 2-Hydroxynicotinsäure auf die Induktion der Mikrosporen-Embryogenese bei verschiedenen Weizen-Genotypen
Auzinger, V. (Biologie): Monitoring von Virusund Viroid-Infektionen an Hopfen in Deutschland
Bachl-Staudinger, M. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Erstellung und Integration eines In-
123
ternetangebotes der LfL zum Thema „Feldfutterbau“ in das bestehende Angebot
Bauer, F.: Modellierung von Stoff- und Energieflüssen eines landwirtschaftlichen Betriebssystems im Bayerischen Tertiärhügelland
Bauer, A. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Wirtschaftlichkeit von Biodiesel aus Raps
Bauerreiß, A.K. (Agrar- und Gartenbauwiss.):
CSR-Kriterien zur Überprüfung der Prozessqualität als Bestandteil eines umfassenden Qualitätsmanagements
Becker, E.M. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Biologische und molekularbiologische Analysen zum
Einfluss des Gibberelliinsäure-Metabolismus im
Pathosystem Gerste (Hordeum vulgare) – Fusarium culmorum
Bedkowski, P. (Molekulare Biotechn.): Untersuchung zur Freisetzungskinetik von Estradiol‐β nach
endogener
Aktivierung
estrogener
Prodrugs mittels Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
Braun, E.-M. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Einsatz von molekularen Markern in der Resistenzzüchtung beim Apfel (Malus domestica Borkh.)
gegen Apfelschorf (Venturia inaequalis)
Brunner, F. (Umweltingenieurwesen): Die Ressource Erdöl in Deutschland – eine stoffstromanalytische Betrachtung
Burgmaier, A. (Molekulare Biotechn.): Einfluss
verschiedener Fütterungsansätze auf die Genexpression bei frühlaktierenden Kühen
Calatoru, O.M. (Molekulare Biotechn.): Analyse
der Expression der Gene HTR1B und HTR2C
von Legehennen mit unterschiedlicher Neigung
zum Federpicken
Danner, T. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Optimization of the cost and energy structure of the
BRALIRWA brewery, Rwanda, with the building
of a biogas plant
Dechamps, N.: Neutralzucker-, Cutin- und Suberinsignaturen von Moder- und Tangelrendzinen der Bayerischen Kalkalpen als Indikator für
Standortseigenschaften und Vegetationsgeschichte
Berninger, E.-E. (Agrar- und Gartenbauwiss.):
Ressourcenökonomische Betrachtung der Minderung von C02-Emissionen am Beispiel von
technischen Optimierungsmaßnahmen eines
Dienstleistungsunternehmens
Drews, F. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Kennzeichnung von Lebensmitteln - Herkunftskennzeichnung; Food labeling - Origin labeling
Binsteiner, T. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Analyse Europäischer Universitäten im Hinblick auf
das Agrar- und Landtechnikstudium
Dreyer, T. (Biologie): Extraktion, Isolation und
photodynamische Analyse von Rubellinen aus
Ramularia collo cygni
Birkert, M. (Biochemie): Einfluss inflammatorischer und anaboler stimuli auf die mRNA Expression
während
der
Skelettmuskeldifferenzierung in vitro
Eberl, M. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Die Reform der GAP 2013 im Spannungsfeld verschiedener Interessen
Bleck, D. (Molekulare Biotechn.): Identification
of single nucleotide polymorphisms of serotonin receptor genes in laying hens with different propensities to feather pecking
Bolz, H. (Biologie): Die ökotoxikologische Bewertung einer Pfalnzenschutzmittelmischung in
einem Freilandmesokosmos – Effekte auf die
Makroinvertebratengesellschaft
Botzler, F. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Technische und betriebswirtschaftliche Betrachtungen
einer vorwiegend mit Kartoffelpülpe betriebenen Kleinbiogasanlage
124
Ebert, J. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Wirkung
zusätzlicher Fressplätze auf an Breifutterautomaten gefütterte frisch abgesetzte Ferkel
Eicher, S. (Naturwiss. Bildung): Die ökotoxikologische Bewertung einer Pflanzenschutzmittelmischung (Lambda-Cyhalothrin, Mesotrione,
Tebuconazol) in einem Freilandmesokosmos. Effekte auf die Zooplanktongesellschaft
Eickel, I. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Untersuchung des Fettsäuremusters in der Milch von
Hochleistungskühen
Eitle, M. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Bewertung
und Analytik einer Klonenselektion der Rebsorte Corménière in Chile
Fischer, X. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Analyse
der Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten eines kleinstrukturiertenMilchviehbetriebes anhand eines
Praxisbeispiels
Fischer, C. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Das
Lernverhalten von Pferden – eine Literaturstudie
Flemming, A. (Biochemie): Analytik und erste
funktionelle Bewertung von Neurosteroiden
mittels LC-MS/MS aus der Kuhmilch in Abhängigkeit vom Zyklus und post partum
Fleschhut, M.: P-Wirkung von aufbereiteter
Klärschlammasche auf Wachstum und PAufnahme von Raps und Mais in saurem Boden
Floßmann, G. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Genomweite Assoziationsstudie zur Identifizierung
vom QTL für die gesprenkelte Fellpigmentierung von Fleckvieh
Forster, F.: Einfluss von Biogas-Fruchtfolgen
und Gärrest-Düngung auf die Aggregatstabilität
des Oberbodens im ökologischen Anbau
Freese, J. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Erhebung
der Zitzenanatomie und Zitzenkondition in
Milchviehbetrieben vor dem Hintergrund der
Zitzengummiauswahl und der eingesetzten
melktechnischen Parameter
Frick, F. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Systemorientierte Bewertung der Stickstoffintensität am
Beispiel des Körnermaisanbaues
Furmanek, K. (Umweltingenieurwesen): Gewinnung von Bio-Kraftstoff aus Algen
Gabrovits, L. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Harslevelü: Sortenbeschreibung und Weinvergleich
Gottschaller, S. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.):
Charakterisierung von Isolaten des Erregers
Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) De Bary und
Vergleich der Anfälligkeit von KartoffelGenotypen
Greubel, R. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Vergleich des Bestandsklimas von Weinbaulagen
mit Agrarflächen
Günalty, S. (Naturwiss. Bildung): Die ökotoxikologische Bewertung einer Pflanzenschutzmittelmischung in einem Freilandmesokosmos Effekte auf die Zooplanktongesellschaft
Hadasch, St. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Aggressivität verschiedener Alternaria solaniIsolate in Abhängigkeit von Inokulationsmethode und –temperatur
Halbinger, M. (Molekulare Biotechn.): Klonierung und Charakterisierung thermophiler Dehydrogenasen
Haller, J. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Ökonomische Bewertung von Biogasfruchtfolgen unter
Berücksichtigung ökologischer Aspekte am
Beispiel einer Praxisanlage
Hanauer, M. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Faktorenanalyse für Treibvorgänge in Milchviehgroßanlagen
Hankele, A.-K. (Molekulare Biotechn.): Aktivierung synthetischer Estrogen-Derivate: In vitro
Test zur Erfassung der Pharmakokinetik von
Gesamt-Estrogenen
Holzapfel, V. (Naturwiss. Bildung): Filtrationsleistung der Malermuschel (Unio pictorum) in
Abhängigkeit
von
Nahrungskonzentration,
Temperatur und Körpermasse
Geißler, B.: Nachweis und Vorkommen von
Cereulid in trockenmilchbasierten Lebensmitteln für Säuglinge und Kleinkinder
Huber, S. (Lehramt Agrar): Potenziale für Elektromobilität im Garten- u. Landschaftsbau
Gillmeier, E.M. (Molekulare Biotechn.): Analysis
of xeno-gen-constructs located on an human
artifical chromosom
Huntgeburth, A. (Naturwiss. Bildung): Etablierung einer Testmethode zur Untersuchung der
Reproduktion von Gammarus roeseli
Glashauser, L. (Molekulare Biotechn.): Funktionelle Analyse der konditionellen Kras G12D
Mutation in-vitro
Hylla, F. (Lehramt Agrar): Antriebsstrukturen in
kommerziellen Nutzfahrzeugen
Göschl, B. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Optimierung der DNA-Gewinnung aus Nasenschleimhautproben beim Rind
Ingermann, J. (Biologie): Etablierung verschiedener Methoden zur Konzentrationsbestimmung von Fibrinogen und Optimierung der
125
Ausbeute von Fibrinogen aus humanen Vollblutproben
von Genen des innaten Immunsystems in primären bovinen Euterepithelzellen
Jakobi, A. (Naturwiss. Bildung): Die ökotoxikologische Bewertung einer Pflanzenschutzmittelmischung in einem Freilandmesokosmos Schwerpunkt Makroinvertebraten
Lechner, A.: Nachweis von Schimmelpilz- u.
Hefegemeinschaften in Milch mittels PCRSSCP-Analyse
Jakowiak, J. (Bio-Geowiss., Universität Koblenz): Anwendung des Melle-Boinot-Prozesses
in der fermentativen Bioethanol-Erzeugung aus
Zuckerhirse
Jelkmann, M. (Bioprozesstechnik): Analyse der
Regulation der vaskulären Kontraktion durch
cGMP-abhängige Proteinkinase Iα
Jung, B. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Einführung
eines Qualitätsmanagementsystems nach DIN
EN ISO
Kappauf, K. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Erhebung von Milchflussparametern in der Umstellungsphase eines euterschonenden Melkzeuges mit Hilfe von LactoCorder-Untersuchungen
im Autotandemmelkstand
Klausner, N. (Biochemie): Gestagene und Androgene während der Frühträchtigkeit beim
Rind
Koch, N.: Einfluss von Lanthan auf das Wachstum und die La-Aufnahme von Kleegrasbeständen
Köhler, A.-S. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von Klauenerkrankungen auf das Futteraufnahmeverhalten bei
Milchkühen
Kontzog, C. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Einfluss
des Gibberellinsäure-Metabolismus auf die
Interaktion von Gerstenkeimlingen und Fusarium culmorum
Köstler, C. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Intraund interspezifisches Verhalten vom Mastschweinen, Mastgeflügel und Perlhühnern einschließlich der gemeinsamen Geländenutzung
in der Freilandhaltung (Symbiotische Landwirtschaft)
Leicher, C. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Vergleichende Planung von Großstallanlagen für
Milchvieh hinsichtlich der Laufwege zum Melkhaus
Lehrer, B.: Erfassung der Bodenhumusvorräte
nord- und südexponierter Parzellen des Bergmischwaldversuchs Ruhpolding 35 Jahre nach
unterschiedlicher Bestandesauflichtung
Livic, A.J. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Investigations on the role of putative AtBI-1 interacting
proteins in the pathosystem Arabidopsis –
powdery mildew and in cell death reactions
Loibl, P.: Untersuchung bronchoalveolärer Lavagen mittels PCR-SSCP
Ludwig, C.: Entwicklung einer LC-MS/MS für
Cytochalasinen aus Pilzkulturen von Helminthosporum sp, Phoma exigua, Phoma herbarum und Weizen
Marcus, C. (Naturwiss. Bildung): Periphytondiversität und Sukzession in Auwaldgewässern
der oberen Donau / Diversity and dynamics of
periphyton communities in floodplains of the
upper Danube river
Märkl, F. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Hat die
Jungbullenintensivmast nach Abschluss der
EU-Agrarreform im Jahre 2013 noch eine
Chance?
Masic, V.: Investigations for characterization of
allergy- and asthma protective bacteria from
rural environments as probiotics
Mederle, M. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Wirkung verschiedener Spaltenbodentypen in der
Ferkelaufzucht auf Lebendmasseentwicklung
und Klauengesundheit
Meißner, M. (Biotechn., HS Mittweida): Untersuchung des Redoxpotentials bei der Fermentation mit Bacillus subtilis
Kraft, V. (Molekulare Biotechn.): Gene expression and DNA methylation analysis of ESR1 in
prepubertal male piglets
Meyer, C. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Isotopen
von Haar und Milch geälpter Kühe
Lambrecht, J. (Molekulare Biotechn.): Einfluss
einer restriktiven Fütterung auf die Expression
Miller, M.M. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Vergleichende Untersuchungen von Eiqualitätsmerk-
126
malen bei Braun- und Weißlegern in Bodenhaltung
Mittelberger, C. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.):
Zukunftswege für eine nachhaltig produktive
Landwirtschaft - Optimierung der Nettoprimärenergieerzeugung in der landwirtschaftlichen
Produktion
Möbus, A. (Bioprozesstechnik): Bereitstellung
von Fermentationssubstraten mittels hydrothermalem Aufschluss von Weizenstroh für die
2,3-Butandiol-Fermentation
Munzig, A. (Biologie): Characterisation of cell
clones targeted with KRAS-G12D-vector
Nehls, J.A: (Biologie): Identification of the
ROSA26 locus in pig and rat
Nemes, P.-M.: Vergleich der Bodenhumusvorräte von Alm- und angrenzenden Waldflächen im
Lattengebirge (Bayerische Alpen)
Patsch, P. (Umweltingenieurwesen): Identifizierung geeigneter Industriebranchen und prozesse für ein CO2-Recycling anhand ausgewählter Indikatoren
Penninger, C. (Naturwiss. Bildung): Etablierung
eines ökotoxikologischen single-species Test
mit Chaoborus crystallinus – Aufzucht, Fütterung und Hälterung
Peteanu, P. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Absicherung der Soft-Commodities Produzenten
durch den Einsatz auserwählter Finanzderivate
Piesk, J. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Untersuchungen zum Liegeverhalten bei Milchkühen in
Abhängigkeit von der Liegeboxengestaltung
Porsch, F.: Douglasie, Fichte und Buche auf
einem Braunerde-Standort im Hochspessart:
Wirkungen auf Bodenfruchtbarkeit und Radialzuwachs in Trockenjahren
Ramoser, A. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Identifizierung und Evaluierung von SNP-Markern zur
Bestimmung des genetischen Horn-Status
beim Deutschen Fleckvieh
Rieblinger, B. (Molekulare Biotechn.): Zusammenhang zwischen der PEG3 Methylierung und
pränataler Letalität beim Rind
Rieger, K. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Kritische
Analyse des Welfare Quality R Projektes hinsichtlich seiner Praktikabilität
Rimkus, M. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Literaturübersicht zur molekularen Genetik der Farbvererbung beim Pferd
Rolf, C.S. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Phenylpropanoide in Weinblüten (Vitis vinifera L.)
der Sorte Regent während der Blütenentwicklung
Rosenberger, E.-M. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.):
Vollkostenanalyse der Zuckerrübenproduktion
am Beispiel eines landwirtschaftlichen Großbetriebes
Ruprecht, M.-E. (Bioprozesstechnik): Role of
cGMP – dependent protein kinase I in regulating cardiofibroblast activity
Sagerer, A. (Ernährungswiss.): RNA expression
and DNA methylation analysis in the uterus of
prenatally estradiol treated piglets
Schachtler, Ch. (Biologie): Charakterisierung
eines neuen dualen murinen Rekombinationssystems zur sequentiellen genetischen Manipulation des Pankreaskarzinoms
Schäfer, S.: Einfluß d. Co-Konamination von
Quecksilber (II)-Chlorid und Antibiotika auf die
Antibiotika-Resistenz von Bakterien
Schaitl, S. (Naturwiss. Bildung): Eignung verschiedener Fischarten als Wirt für die Bachmuschel (Unio crassus)
Prosser, C. (Ernährungswiss.): Motives behind
Food Choice: A Comparison between Canada
and Germany based on the Food Choice Questionnaire
Schlattl, K. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten der Melktechnik eines mittelständischen bayrischen Milchviehstalls
Radeck, S. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Untersuchung zur Wirksamkeit der mechanischen
Aufbereitung von Biogassubstraten an einer
Praxisanlage
Schlereth, L. (Bioprozesstechnik): Optimization
of RT-qPCR primers for the innate immune
response in primary bovine mammary gland
epithelial cells
127
v. Schlippenbach, T. (Molekulare Biotechn.):
Optimization of qPCR-measurements of the
cholesterol metabolism in gallus gallus
Schlossnikel, B. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.):
Varianz der Ertrags- und Traubenstruktur von
neuen Silvanerklonen im Vergleich zu Würzburger Standardklonen
Schmid, A.: Dynamik des mineralischen Stickstoffs in ausgewählten Fruchtfolgegliedern des
ökologischen und konventionellen Landbaus
Schöttner, U.: Untersuchung von Düngungsund Fruchtfolgeeffekten auf Regenwurmpopulationen unter Versuchs- und Praxisbedingungen
Schreiner, M. (Molekulare Biotechn.): Analyse
der Genexpression der Gene HTR1A und
HTR2A bei Legehennen mit unterschiedlicher
Neigung zum Federpicken
Schrempf, S. (Techn. u. Biotechn. d. Lebensm.): Internetinformationsangebote in der
Ernährungsindustrie
Starzner, E. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Impact
of altered expression of BAX INHIBITOR-1 or
LIFEGUARD on susceptibility of stable transgenic barley plants to powdery mildew
Steib, A. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Konzeption
der Düngeverordnung - Vergleich Niederlande
und Deutschland
Streicher, G. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Verfahrenstechnische Konzipierung zweier Biogasanlagen unterschiedlicher Leistungsklassen für
den Großraum Ingolstadt unter besonderer
Berücksichtigung der Problematik einer Vergärung von Zuckerrüben und Grassilage
Stöckert, A. (Naturwiss. Bildung): Filtrationsleistung der Gemeinen Teichmuschel (Anodonta
anatina, L. 1758) in Abhängigkeit von Nahrungskonzentration, Temperatur und unterschiedlichen Größenklassen
Stölzel, E. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Experimente zur Bewurzelung von Amelanchier spicata-Genotypen in vitro
Schuler, B. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Pachtpreisanpassungsklauseln als Instrument des
Risikomanagements
Stoiber, F. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.) Literaturübersicht zu genetischen Aspekten der Immunglobulin-Aufnahme im Darm neugeborener
Kälber
Sebold, S. K.: Wurzelbiomasse von Körner- und
Futterleguminosen in Abhängigkeit von Entwicklungsstadium und Bodenart
Thalhammer, S.: Phänotypische u. molekularbiologische Charakterisierung von Biozidtoleranten Enterococcus-Isolaten
Sedlmeier, F. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Untersuchung der Sinnhaftigkeit einer Hofbiogasanlage auf ökologisch geführten landwirtschaftlichen Nebenerwerbsbetrieben unter Berücksichtigung wirtschaftlicher und produktionstechnischer Aspekte
Vinzent, B. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Wegstreckenoptimierung in der Getreideernte unter
Berücksichtigung von Erntelogistik und Ertragspotential
Seifert, N. (Molekulare Biotechn.): Untersuchung der Assoziation von Varianten des Gens
für das Vitamin-D-bindende Protein mit dem
25-Hydroxy-VitaminD3-Spiegel im Blut von
Milchkühen
Spitzer, R. (Molekulare Biotechn.): Etablierung
einer
neuen
Gewebe-Homogenisierungsmethode zur Extraktion von RNA aus verschiedenen bovinen Geweben
Stadler, A. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Enrichment in der Gruppenhaltung von Zuchtsauen
am Beispiel Thalhausen
Walter, F. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Untersuchungen zur Beleuchtungsintensität und zum
Stromverbrauch von LED-Lampen in einem
Milchviehstall
Wechslberger, C. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.):
Kritische Analyse der Tiergerechtheitsindices
hinsichtlich ihrer Aussagefähigkeit
Weidinger, C.: Untersuchungen zur Wirkung
von Blühflächen auf Bodeneigenschaften
Weiß, K.: Einfluss von Zinkmangel auf die Metabolite von Vitamin D im Blutplasma von Ferkeln
Westermeier, W. (Biologie): Untersuchungen
der Funktion von Schlüsselenzymen des fer-
128
mentativen Stoffwechsels von Gerste bei der
Interaktion mit dem echten Mehltaupilz Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei
Willibald, M. (Biochemie): Optimierung und
Validierung eines enzymatischen Tests auf
Mikrotiterplatten für β-Hydroxybutyrat in Magermilch und Analyse von Milchproben restriktiv gefütterter Kühe
Wimmer, M.: Nachweis von Bakteriengemeinschaften in der Rohmilch v. gesunden
u.a. Mastitis erkrankten Rindern mittels PCRSSCP
Wohlschläger, M.: Untersuchungen zur Futteraufnahme von Pferden an drei Heunetzvarianten mittels elektronischer Tieridentifizierung
Wolfertstetter, F. (Molekulare Biotechn.): Milchfettkügelchendurchmesser und Cholesteringehalt in der Milch
Wurzer, E. (Biochemie): Analytischer Nachweis
von Neurosteroiden in der Milch von trächtigen
Kühen mittels LC-MS/MS und erste funktionelle
Bewertung
Zeindl, R.: P-Wirkung von aufbereiteter Klärschlammasche auf Wachstum und P-Aufnahme
von Raps und Mais in neutralen Böden
Affairs and the Global Economy (WAGE), University of Wisconsin-Madison, 27 - 28. April
Abate Kassa, G.: Participatory action research as a tool to create actionable knowledge in the food supply chain. 21st annual
IFAMA world forum and symposium, Frankfurt
20. - 23. Juni
Aue, K., Drescher, L.S., Roosen, J.: Poverty
and health behavior - a dynamic analysis.
International Health Economics Association
(iHEA) Congress, Toronto, Canada, 11.-13. Juli
Aue, K.: Dynamische Aspekte der Armut und
ihre Auswirkungen auf das Gesundheitsverhalten. Workshop der Deutschen Gesellschaft
für Hauswirtschaft (DGH) Referenzbudgets aus
verschiedenen Perspektiven, Freising, 19.-20.
Mai
Auerswald, K.: Let the sheep do the
sampling: Rekonstruktion von Vegetationsänderungen in Zentralasien aus 13CIsotopenmustern in Tierhaaren. Ökologisches
Seminar, Univ. Münster, 25. Okt.
Auerswald, K.: Geostatistical analysis of ecosystem change. IAS Workshop Statistical
Methods and Models, Garching, 11. Februar
Zipfer, M. (Agrar- u. Gartenbauwiss.): Ökonomische Bewertung ausgewählter bayerischer
Kurzrasenweide-Betriebe anhand von Deckungsbeiträgen
Aliyev, Z.: Obstacle to Agricultural Credit
Access in Transformation Countries: Results
of Investigations in Azerbaijan and Bulgaria.
2nd International Scientific Conference: Business and Regional Development. Rural Aereas
– a Look Towards Europe 2020, Thrakia University, Stara Zagora (Bulgarien), 23.-24. Juni
4. Kongressbeiträge, Proceedings,
Posterpräsentationen
Aliyev Z.: Die Gründe für Kreditrationierung
auf den Agrarkreditmarkt von Aserbaidschan. Wissenschaftliche Tagung „Aserbaidschan – 20 Jahre der Transformation in der
Landwirtschaft“, Freising, 27. Juli
4.1 Kongressbeiträge - Vorträge
Abate Kassa, G.: Supply chain response to
institutional markets’ demand for healthy
and sustainable food options. 5th international
system dynamics and innovation in food networks, Innsbruck-Igls, 14.-18. Feb.
Abate Kassa, G.: Food safety certification:
Food supplier and consumer perceptions.
Achieving safety in the global food supply
chain: Integrating science and policy. The Food
Research Institute (FRI), the Center for World
Aliyev Z.: Gründe für die Kreditrationierung in
Agrarkreditmärkten von Transformationsländern: Die Situation in Aserbaidschan und
Bulgarien. ÖGA – Tagung „Diversifizierung
versus Spezialisierung in der Agrar- und Ernährungswirtschaft“, Europäische Akademie Bozen
(EURAC), Bozen, 4. Okt.
Baresel, P.: TUM Trials: Resume of experimental plan (Objectives, layout), preliminary
results and prospects. Difficulties, deviations from original plan, prospects. Points to
129
be raised for the general discussion. SOLIBAM WP4 Workshop, Pisa, 14.-16. Sept.
Bauer, A., Pritsch, K., Munch, J.C., Schloter,
M.: Influence of increases soil temperature
on community structure of Fusarium sp. and
the corresponding antagonists. VAAMJahrestagung 2011 Vereinigung für Allgemeine
und Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Karlsruhe, 03.–
06. April
Bauer, E., Haseneyer, G., Schmutzer T., Seidel,
M., Zhou, R., Schön, C.-C., Mayer, K., Scholz,
U., Stein N.: Bringing rye genomics on track:
Transcripts, SNPs, maps, and diversity. Plant
& Animal Genome XIX Conference, San Diego,
15.-19. Januar
Bauer, J.: Mykotoxine in der RinderfütterungStatus quo und mögliche Auswirkungen der
Klimaerwärmung. 25. Bayerischer Tierärztetag, 02.- 05. Juni
Bauer, J. Abentum, K., Hilfer, K., Ostertag, J.,
Meyer, K.: Qualität geht vom Grundfuttermittel aus. 10. Boku-Symposium Tierernährung,
28. April
Baumann, K., Dignac, M.-F., Maron, P.-A.,
Chabbi, A., Bardoux, G., Steffens, M., Sarr, A.,
Ranjard, L., Mathieu, O., Leveque, J., Rumpel,
C.: Mikrobielle Diversität beeinflusst den
Abbau organischer Substanz im Boden. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen
Gesellschaft, Berlin, 03.-09. Sept.
Beggel, S., Werner, I., Connon, R., Geist, J.:
Integrative assessment of stressor effects in
aquatic ecosystems. BaCaTec International
Summer School „Life Sciences in the 21st Century with a Focus on Water“, 04. – 17. Juli
Bernhardt, H.: Elektronische Identifikationssysteme – Schlüssel zur Automatisierung in
der Tierhaltung. Köllitscher Fachgespräch,
Köllitsch, 25. Mai
Bernhardt, H.: Technische Innovation auf
dem Gebiet der Tierhaltung. 8. Informationsveranstaltung „Umweltverträgliche Landwirtschaft“ Ingenieurbüro Eckhof, Berlin, 03.-04.
März
Bernhardt, H.: Agrarlogistik. DLG-Seminar
„Logistik in der Landwirtschaft“, Leipzig, 18.19. Januar
130
Bieberstein, A., Vandermore, F., Roosen, J.,
Blanchemanche, S., Marette, S.: Perception of
Nanotechnology, Trust and Knowledge: The
role of social trust and gendered perception
of new food technologies. Annual Meeting of
the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, Pittsburgh, 24.-26. Juli
Bitsch, V.: Anwerbung wissenschaftlichen
Nachwuchses: Erfahrungen in der Agrarökonomie in den USA. Impulsreferat zum Workshop Karrieren im Gartenbau: Wie rekrutieren
wir Nachwuchs? 47. Gartenbauwissenschaftliche Tagung: Produkt- und Prozessinnovation
im Gartenbau, Hannover, 23.-26. Februar
Bitsch, V.: Social and Labor Sustainability in
Agriculture. Agricultural Human Resource
Management Group, Online-Meeting, 18. Februar
Bitsch, V.: Measuring Social Sustainability.
5th International European Forum on System
Dynamics and Innovation in Food Networks,
Innsbruck-Igls, 14.-18. Februar
Bitsch, V.: Dimension Ökonomie: Arbeitskräfte. Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätze für
den ländlichen Raum: Agrarpolitik und Nachhaltigkeit, Expertenworkshop, Wildbad Kreuth,
06.-07. Okt.
Bitsch, V.: Human Resource Management.
Organisations- und Personalentwicklung im
Gartenbau, 49. Betriebswirtschaftliche Fachtagung, Elmshorn, 05.-08. Sept.
Bitsch, V.: Personal in Gartenbau und Landwirtschaft: Die Zukunft eines Wirtschaftszweiges. Nutztiere im 21. Jahrhundert: Livestock’s Long Shadow, 10. Hochschultag des
Wissenschaftszentrums Weihenstephan, Freising, 08. Juli
Blum, M., Wesseler, J.: A Brief Economic History of Beer Brewing and Consumption in
Southern Germany. Beeronomics 2011 The
economics of beer and brewing, Weihenstephan, 21.-24. Sept.
Blum, M.: War, Food Rationing and Socioeconomic Inequality in Germany during
World War One. The Christmas Workshop,
University of Hohenheim, 02.-03. Dez.
Blum, M., Wesseler, J.: A Brief Economic History of Beer Brewing and Consumption in
Southern Germany. CHORD conference on
‘Food and Beverages: Retailing, Distribution
and Consumption in Historical Perspective’,
University of Wolverhampton/UK, 07.-08. Sept.
Denic, M., Geist, J.: Redoxmessung in
Fließgewässern. Redoxworkshop Wels/Österreich, 08. – 10. Juni
Blum, M., Behle, D., Huergo, L. On the characteristics of a successful state: Good governance between the 1850s and the 1980s. A
Data Envelopment Approach. Historical Patterns of Growth and Development, University of
Warwick, UK, 25.-29. Juli
Denic, M., Geist, J.: Measurement of Redox
potentials in Freshwater Environments.
Flussmuscheltagung Östersund / Schweden,
28.–30. Juni
Brandner, J., Cerwenka, A., Geist, J.: Evolutionary, population-genomic and ecological
mechanisms of a simultaneous invasion
process in two closely related fish species
(Neogobius spp.) in the upper River Danube,
Germany. BaCaTec International Summer
School „Life Sciences in the 21st Century with
a Focus on Water“, 04. – 17. Juli
Brandner, J.: Schwarzmeergrundeln – Invasion in der oberen Donau. Bezirksfischereiverein Deggendorf e.V., Deggendorf, 16. Januar
Brandner, J.: Schwarzmeergrundeln – Invasive Arten in der oberen Donau. Fischereitag,
Fischereiverband Oberpfalz e.V., Nittenau, 05.
Sept.
Braun, A.: Räumlich-zeitliche Heterogenität
im hyporheischen Interstitial - PatchVariabilität und repräsentatives Sampling.
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Limnologie e.V. –
DGL/SIL-Jahrestagung 2011, Weihenstephan,
12.-16. Sept.
Büchs, S.: Dorfumbau - bauliche Aspekte
schrumpfender Dörfer. Seminar: Leerstand in
Dörfern als Problem und als Chance - Instrumente für eine Innerortsentwicklung“ des Landesbetriebes Landwirtschaft Hessen, Bildungsseminar Rauischholzhausen, 10. Mai
Denic, M., Stöckl, K., Geist, J.: Erfahrungen
vom Sallingbach. 2. Fachtagung zum Muschelschutz in Bayern, TU München, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Freising, 29.
März
Denic, M., Geist, J.: Substratrestaurierung in
Fließgewässern. Seminar Habitat Restoration
in Heinerscheid/Luxemburg, 13. Mai
Denic, M., Geist, J.: Measurement of Redox
potentials in Freshwater Environments. Redoxworkshop Albacken/Västernorrland, Schweden, 18. - 20.Mai
Drescher, L.S., Goddard, E.W.: Trust in people
and institutions and willingness to pay for
local and traceable beef in restaurants. 13th
EAAE Congress “Change and Uncertainty”,
Zurich, Switzerland, 2. Sept.
Drescher, L.S., Marette, S., Roosen, J.: Consumer acceptance of traffic-light labelling on
food vs. financial products. 13th EAAE Congress “Change and Uncertainty”, Zurich, Switzerland, 31. Aug.
Drescher, L.S., Goddard, E.W., Fernando, J.:
The Canadian Listeriosis outbreak and food
away from home consumption. EAAE Track
Session Paper, 2011 AAEA & NAREA Joint
Annual Meeting, Pittsburgh, USA, 24.-26. Juli
Drescher, L.S., Marette, S., Roosen, J.: The
role of information search and involvement
for traffic-light label usage and food choices.
EAAE Track Session Paper, 2011 AAEA &
NAREA Joint Annual Meeting, Pittsburgh, USA,
24.-26. Juli
Children’s Nutrition and Food Away from
Home in Canada. 5th Annual Conference of
the American Association of Wine Economists,
Bolzano, Italy, 24. Juni
Erdle, K., Mistele, B., Schmidhalter, U.:
Comparison of active and passive spectral
sensors in discriminating biomass parameters and nitrogen status in wheat
cultivars. 2nd International Plant Phenotyping
Symposium: Toward plant phenotyping science: challenges and perspectives, Jülich,
05.-07. Sept.
Espinoza, J.: Land Use Planning – A Response to Current Constraints and Challenges of Development. World Bank Land
Policy Conference, Washington DC, 20. April
Espinoza, J.: Land Use Planning in Chile Challenges from the Perspective of Good
Land Governance. South-South Dialogue,
Namibia, 18. Juni
131
Espinoza, J.: Land Management Study Visit
of Iraqi Officials to Germany. UN-Habitat,
Berlin, 03. März
Espinoza, J.: Regional Geographic Conference,
International Geographic Union, Santiago de
Chile, 16. November
Faulstich, M., Leipprand, A.: Schwerpunkte
der Umweltpolitik in den nächsten 10 Jahren: Das Radar des SRU. 44. Essener Tagung
für Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft, Essen, 23.-25.
März
Faulstich, M.: Rohstoffversorgung durch Recycling. Dow Jones Management-Forum Rohstoffstrategien 2011, Frankfurt, 17.-18. Mai
Faulstich, M: Rohstoffeffizienz und Kreislaufwirtschaft als tragende Säulen einer
nachhaltigen Industriegesellschaft. ReSource
2011, St. Gallen, 08.-09. Nov.
Faulstich, M: Strategies for Sustainable Resource Management. DAAD Alumni Workshop
– E-Waste avoidance in Vietnam is an important
issue in waste management sector, Hanoi, 13.14. Nov.
Faulstich, M: Perspektiven der Energiewende
in Deutschland. Pumpspeicher unter Tage –
Chance für das Ruhrgebiet, Essen, 30. Nov.
Faulstich, M.: Wege zu einer regenerativen
Energieversorugung. C.L.I.M.A.T.E. 2011,
München, 18. Mai
Feiner, M., Geist, J., Laforsch, C.: Effects of
the beta-blocker sotalol in environmentally
relevant concentrations on aquatic organisms. BaCaTec International Summer School
„Life Sciences in the 21st Century with a Focus
on Water“, 04. - 17. Juli
Faulstich, M.: Energiespeicher als notwendige Voraussetzung für die Integration der
erneuerbaren Energien ins Stromnetz. Energiespeicher – Technologien für die zukünftige
Stromversorgung, Nürnberg, 30. Juni
Filimonova, S., Hilscher, A., Kögel-Knabner, I.:
Advanced 129Xe NMR techniques for examining soil meso- and microporosity and its role
in hosting soil organic matter. EGU General
Assembly 2011, Wien, 03.-08. April
Faulstich, M: Optionen für eine nachhaltige
Energieversorugung. Quo vadis Deutschland?
Ifo-TUM Symposium zur Energiewende in
Deutschland, München, 12. Juli
Filimonova, S., Kögel-Knabner, I.: The role of
soil particle micro-morphology in the preservation of SOM: a case of an allophanic
Andosol. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft 2011, Universität Berlin, Berlin-Potsdam, 03.-09. Sept.
Faulstich, M: Biogene Reststoffe – Potenziale
und Chancen. EnBW Symposium Biogene
Reststoffe – Potenziale und Chancen, Stuttgart,
19. Juli
Faulstich, M: Ressourcen- und Energiewirtschaft wachsen zusammen. IRC – International Recovery Congress, Warschau, 12.-13.
Sept.
Faulstich, M., Egner, S., Herms, M.: Elemente
einer nachhaltigen Industriegesellschaft.
TAKAG 2011 - Deutsch-Türkisches Symposium
zur Abfallwirtschaft, Stuttgart, 27.-30. Sept.
Foiada, F., Westermeier, P., Kessel, B., Kreps,
R., Ouzunova, M., Eder J., Schön, C.-C.:
Nachhaltige Sicherung der Körnermaisproduktion durch Verbesserung der Resistenz gegen Maiszünsler. GPZ-AG Resistenzzüchtung Wintertagung, Fulda, 05.-06. Dez.
Fries, R.: Individuelle Genomsequenzierung –
neue Ansätze und Möglichkeiten für eine
nachhaltige Tierzucht. Hochschultag 2011,
Freising-Weihenstephan, 9. Juli
Faulstich, M: Intellegent Smart Grid Solutions
– E-Mobility. 7. Konferenz Europäischer Regionen und Städte – Connecting Economy and
Politics, Linz, 18.-20. Sept.
Fries, R.: Genome-wide re-sequencing at low
to medium coverage and genotype imputation in cattle. Synbreed Status Meeting, Ismaning, 10.-11. Okt.
Faulstich, M.: Strategien zur Steigerung der
Rohstoff- und Energieeffizienz. WING-DE
2011 – Werkstoffe gestalten die Zukunft, Berlin,
04.-06. Okt.
Fuß, R., Munch, J.C., Schilling, R., Ruth, B.:
Einfluß der Bodenbearbeitung auf den Spurengashaushalt eines Ackerbodens in einem
Langzeit-Feldexperiment. Jahrestagungd der
Deutschen BodnekundlichenGesellschaft, Berlin, 03.-09. Sept.
132
Gamnitzer, U.: Was haben Wald und Wiese mit
CO2 zu tun? Kinder-Univ., Insel Juist, Ostfriesische Inseln, 25. August
Zink Defizienz die Ursache? 8. Buiatriktagung
der Klinik für Wiederkäuer der LMU, München,
01.-03. April
Gandorfer, M.: Modeling Economic Performance of an Agroforestry System under Yield
and Price Risk. 15th International Consortium
on Applied Bioeconomy Research (ICABR) Annual Conference, Frascati, Italien, 26.-29. Juni
Groeneveld, R., Berentse, P., Wesseler, J.:
Dominos in the dairy: an analysis of transgenic maize in Dutch dairy farming. 13th Congress of the European Association of Agricultural Economists, Zürich, Schweiz, 30. Aug.-2.
Sept.
Gayler, S. Priesack, E.: Carbohydrate allocation to growth-related and defence related
metabolism – a modelling approach at the
whole plant level. International Leopoldina
Symposium, Freising, 04.-06. Juli
Geist, J.: Human impacts on lake ecosystems. EUROLAKES conference, Verbania, Italien, 04.-06. März
Geist, J.: Was lebt im Wasser? Kinderuniversität der Volkshochschulen Ebersberg/Grafing/
Kirchseeon/ Markt Schwaben, 25. Mai
Geist, J.: Aquatic Biodiversity: Status,
Threats and Conservation Strategies. BaCaTec International Summer School „Life Sciences in the 21st Century with a Focus on Water“, 04.-17. Juli
Geist, J., Gum, B., Kuehn, R.: Conservation
genetics of M. margaritifera in Brittany and
Normandie. LIFE plus conference on the
Conservation of the freshwater pearl mussel of
the Amorican Massif, Ministière de l´Ecologie
du Developpement durable, des Transports et
du Logement, Paris, 27. Sept.
Geist J: Aliens in heimischen Gewässern Ursache einer globalen Biodiversitätskrise?
Hochschulgemeinde der TU München, Freising,
17. Sept.
Geist J: Artenschwund in heimischen Gewässern - Ursachen und Lösungsansätze.
Ringvorlesung Umwelt des AStA München, 23.
Sept.
Glebe, T.: Tendering conservation contracts:
Should information on environmental benefits be disclosed or concealed? XXIIIth EAAE
Congress, Zurich, Switzerland, 31. Aug.
Gollnick, N.S., Jung, S., Langenmayer, M.C.,
Majzoub, M., Hermanns, W., Pausch, H., Fries,
R.: Schwere Hauterkrankungen bei Kälbern
der Rasse Deutsches Fleckvieh (DFV): Ist
eine neue Variante der Bovinen Hereditären
Gum, B., Geist, J.: Mussel Coordination in
Bavaria. New approach in freshwater mussel
conservation. BaCaTec International Summer
School „Life Sciences in the 21st Century with
a Focus on Water“, 04. – 17. Juli
Gum, B.: Suitability of different brown trout
strains and species (Salmo trutta – Hucho
hucho) for development of freshwater pearl
mussel glochidia. CEN-Workshop zur Ermittlung von Standards für Methoden im Bereich
des Flussperlmuschelschutzes in Europa, Windermere, England, 24. Februar
Gum, B.: Muschelkoordination in Bayern:
neue Wege im Muschelschutz. Jahrestagung
des Sachverständigenkuratoriums für Fischerei,
SVK-Tagung, Fulda, 01. März
Gum, B.: Schädigung heimischer Muschelbestände durch Bisamfraß – Erfahrungen
aus BY, BW, Schweiz. 2. Fachtagung zum
Muschelschutz in Bayern, TU München, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Freising,
29. März
Gum, B.: Vorstellung der FlussperlmuschelSchutzprojekte in Nordengland und Frankreich (Nachzucht, LIFE Natur) und Übersicht
zu laufenden Aktivitäten im Muschelschutz
Bayerns (Flussperl- und Bachmuschel). Sitzung der Kern-AG zum Schutz der Flussperlund Bachmuschel im Dreiländereck BayernSachsen-Tschechische Republik, Bayreuth, 30.
Mai
Gum, B.: Information zum status quo des
Muschelschutzes in Bayern. Strategiebesprechung STMUG, LfU, TUM, KfM, München, 01. August
Gum, B., Denic, M., Geist, J.: Vorstellung der
Ergebnisse des DBU-Projektes „Integriertes
Sedimentmanagement in Einzugsgebieten
von Fließgewässern“ und laufender Projekte
zum Erhalt der Flussperlmuschel in Bayern.
133
Sitzung der Kern-AG zum Schutz der Flussperlund Bachmuschel im Dreiländereck BayernSachsen-Tschechische Republik, Karlsbad,
Tschechische Republik, 12. Okt.
Gum, B.: Erfahrungen der Koordinationsstelle im Muschelschutz Bayerns. Fischereiverein Indersdorf, e.V., Markt Indersdorf, 22.
Okt.
Gum, B.: Praktische Erfahrungen im Muschelschutz unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Bachmuschel-vorkommen in
Oberbayern. Fischereiverein Freunde der
Fischwaid e.V., Bergkirchen, 28. Okt.
Hasenbein, M., Werner, I., Deanovic, L., Geist,
J., Connon, R.: Genomic Assessment in Delta
Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) exposed
to Sacramento River Water. BaCaTec International Summer School „Life Sciences in the
21st Century with a Focus on Water“, 04. – 17.
Juli
Hasenbein, S., Lawler, S., Geist, J., Werner, I.,
Miles, K.: Effect assessment and regulation
of pesticide mixtures in aquatic ecosystems.
BaCaTec International Summer School „Life
Sciences in the 21st Century with a Focus on
Water“, 04. – 17. Juli
Heissenhuber, A.: Ansätze für eine effiziente
und naturgerechte Energieerzeugung auf
dem Land. Grüne Woche Berlin, Berlin, 26.
Januar
Heissenhuber, A.: Die (Wieder-)Nutzung von
Schlachtnebenprodukten als Futtermittel“.
Seminar „Veterinary Public Health“, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, 4. Feb.
Heissenhuber, A.: Sprechen die Preise die
ökologische Wahrheit? Biofach Nürnberg,
Nürnberg, 16. Feb.
Heissenhuber, A.: Zeichen setzen! Umweltund Verbraucherschutz.
Fachtagung der
Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung, Berlin, 17. Feb.
Heissenhuber, A.: Nachhaltige Landnutzung.
Theologisches Zentrum, Braunschweig, 19.
Feb.
Heissenhuber, A., Zehetmeier, M.: Landwirtschaft und Klimaschutz: Zusammenhang
und Optimierung im Bereich der Tierhaltung.
Tagung „Klimarelevanz im Bereich der Tierzucht und –haltung“, Bonn, 22. März
134
Heissenhuber, A.: Biomassestrategie des
Landes Brandenburg. Anhörung Landtag
Brandenburg, Potsdam, 30. März
Heissenhuber, A.: Steigende Bodenpreise –
ist der Gesetzgeber gefordert? Was hat das
EEG bewirkt und was muss sich ändern?
Kuratorium der Agrarsozialen Gesellschaft,
Frankfurt, 8. April
Heissenhuber, A.: Wie könnte die Vermarktung für Bergprodukte verbessert werden?
Internationale
Berggebietskonferenz
des
BMELV, Oberammergau, 11. April
Heissenhuber, A.: Leistungssteigerung in der
Milchproduktion – ein Beitrag zum Klimaschutz? Hauptseminar zur Agrar- und Sozialökonomie, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 5.
Mai
Heissenhuber, A.: Concept for a Sustainable
Agriculture. 2nd International Scientific Conference: Business and Regional Development.
Rural Aereas – a Look Towards Europe 2020,
Thrakia University, Stara Zagora (Bulgarien),
23.-24. Juni
Heissenhuber, A.: Ansätze zu einer nachhaltigen Wirtschaftsweise. Fachtagung des Bayer.
Staatsministeriums für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten (StMinELF), München, 20.
Juli
Heissenhuber, A.: EU Common Agricultural
Policy. PRIMAFF, Tokyo, 6. Sept.
Heissenhuber, A.: Renewable Energy in Germany – Present Situation and Perspectives.
PRIMAFF, Tokyo, 6. Sept.
Heissenhuber, A.: Investitionen in erneuerbare Energien – was ist aktuell und was ist
machbar? Commodities Week Deutschland,
Frankfurt, 22. Sept.
Heissenhuber, A.: Fleischeslust: Vom guten
und vom bösen Fleisch – Fleisch in lokaler
und globaler Perspektive. Mannheim Technoseum, Mannheim, 9. Nov.
Heissenhuber, A.: Deutsche Landwirte in Europa – zwischen freier Fahrt und Überholverbot. Agritechnica, Hannover, 13. Nov.
Heissenhuber, A.: Klimaschutz durch Moorschutz. Interdisziplinäres Seminar Baureferendare, München, 23. Nov.
Heissenhuber, A.: Einfluss der Ökonomie auf
den Tierschutz. Institut für Tierwissenschaften der Universität Bonn, Bonn, 24. Nov.
Heissenhuber, A.: Landwirtschaft im Kontext
zwischen EU-Agrarpolitik und gesellschaftlichen Erwartungen. Sächsische Landesstiftung
Natur und Umwelt, Dresden-Pillnitz, 25. Nov.
Heister, K.: The development of biogeochemical interfaces in artificial soils as probed
by phenanthrene sorption. Sino-German
Frontiers of Science Symposium, Berlin, 27.-30.
April
Heister, K., Höschen, C., Pronk, G.J., Poll, C.,
Kandeler, E., Müller, C.W., Kögel-Knabner, I.:
Investigation of organo-mineral interactions
in artificial soil incubations by NanoSIMS.
Goldschmidt 2011, Prag, Czech Republic, 14.19. August
Heister, K., Höschen, C., Pronk, G.J., Müller,
C.W., Kögel-Knabner, I.: Visualisierung der
Interaktion von organischem Material mit
Mineralen auf der Submikrometer-Skala in
künstlichen Böden. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Berlin,
03.-09. Sept.
S.: Studying the biology of Ramularia collocygni for the development of an Integrated
Pest Management System to match new
challenges from a changing climate. 4th International Workshop on Barley Leaf Blights.
Dundee, Scotland, 27.-29. Juni
S.: Blattfleckenkomplex an der Gerste - Ursachen
und
Gegenmaßnahmen.
LfLJahrestagung “Antworten des Pflanzenbaus auf
die Klimaänderung in Bayern“, FreisingWeihenstephan, 19. Okt.
G., Rychlik, M.: Einfluss des Krankheitsauftretens und gezielter Kontrollmaßnahmen
im Feld auf die Kontamination mit Mykotoxinen und die Malzqualität von Sommergerste.
The 3rd International Seminar „Raw Materials
for Malting and Brewing. Barley and Malt Union, Moskau, 25.-26. Okt.
Hof, A., Schwammbach, D., Eichmann, R.,
Hückelhoven, R., Doehlemann, G.: Cell death
suppression during the interaction of Ustilago and barley Jahrestagung des Ar-
beitskreises Wirt-Parasit-Interaktion/
Freising-Weihenstephan, 24.-25. März
DPG,
Höfle, C., Huesmann, C., Hückelhoven, R.: The
RAC/ROP binding microtubule associated
GTPase activating protein 1 of barley influences the interaction with Blumeria graminis
f.sp. hordei . Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises
Wirt-Parasit-Interaktion/DPG, Freising-Weihenstephan, 24.-25. März
Hoppe, M., Gum, B., Beggel, S., Geist, J.: Tolerance to increased sodium chloride concentrations of painter’s mussel (Unio pictorum, Linnaeus 1758) and duck mussel (Anodonta anatina, Linnaeus 1758). BaCaTec International Summer School „Life Sciences in
the 21st Century with a Focus on Water“, 04. –
17. Juli
Höschen, C., Müller, C.W., Heister, K., Lugmeier, J., Kögel-Knabner, I.: Application of
NanoSIMS on organo-mineral structures.
NEA ClayClub Workshop „Clays under Nanoto microscope resolution“, Karlsruhe, 06.-08.
Sept.
Höschen, C., Müller, C.W., Heister, K., Pronk,
G.J., Kögel-Knabner, I.: Insights into Soil Architecture Obtained by NanoSIMS. 18th International Conference on Secondary Ion Mass
Spectrometry, Riva del Garda, Italy, 18.-23.
Sept.
Hu, Y.: Introduction to nitrate quick test
homepage. Farmers´ Field Day of the GermanChinese project in Quzhou County, China, 30.
Sept.-01. Okt.
Hückelhoven, R., Nottensteiner, M., Eichmann,
R., Preuss, J., Hoefle, C.: Barley-Blumeria
interactions at the molecular level? International powdery mildew meeting, Köln, 31. Jan. 01. Febr.
Hückelhoven, R.: Proteins interacting with the
barley powdery mildew susceptibility factor
RACB modulate host cytoskeleton and fungal entry into epidermal cells. International
Meeting "Communication in Plants and their
Responses to the Environment", Halle (Saale),
19. – 22. Mai
Hückelhoven, R.: Disease susceptibility as a
potential target of engineering resistance?
World Agrobiotechnology Congress. Hamburg,
30. Juni - 01. Juli
135
Hückelhoven, R.: Blumeria graminis reprograms Barley for triggering susceptibility to
powdery mildew. Leopoldina, Freising 04.- 05.
Juli
Hülsbergen, K.-J.: Bodenschutz und Klimawandel – Böden als Kohlenstoffsenke und –
quelle. 4. Sächsisch-Thüringische Bodenschutztage, Chemnitz, 16.-17. Juni
Hülsbergen, K.-J.: Einfluss von Biogassystemen auf die Humusversorgung von Ackerböden – Möglichkeiten zur Optimierung. 20.
Biogasjahrestagung des Fachverband Biogas
e.V., Nürnberg, 11.-13. Januar
Hülsbergen, K.-J.: Humus als Chance im Klimawandel? 3. Wintertagung der Gesellschaft
für konservierende Bodenbearbeitung, Oschatz,
8. März
Hülsbergen, K.-J.: Humusreproduktion von
Ackerböden unter Berücksichtigung der
konservierenden Bodenbearbeitung. 7. Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises konservierende
Bodenbearbeitung, Bad Kreuznach, 9. Dez.
Hülsbergen, K.-J.: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Kohlenstoffsequestrierung in Böden.
5. Biomasse-Forum. Witzenhausen-Institut,
Bad Hersfeld, 17.-18. Nov.
Optimierung. 25. Bayerischer Tierärztetag,
Nürnberg, 02.-05. Juni
Hülsbergen, K-J.: Die Bedeutung der Humusreproduktion von Böden für den langfristigen
Boden- und Klimaschutz. Fachtagung der
Gütegemeinschaft Kompost, Meerane, 15. Mai
Hülsbergen, K-J.: Umweltwirkungen nachwachsender Rohstoffe. 2. Agrarwissenschaftliches Symposium des Hans-EisenmannZentrums für Agrarwissenschaften, FreisingWeihenstephan, 28. Sept.
Jansen, S., Aigner, B., Pausch, H., Wysocki, M.,
Eck, S., Wieland, T., Benet-Pagès, A., Strom,
T., Meitinger, T., Fries, R.: Sichtung der genomischen Variation der Flechvieh Population durch Resequenzierung bei niedriger bis
mittlerer Abdeckung. Vortragstagung der
Deutschen Gesellschaft für Züchtungskunde
e.V., Freising, 06.-07. Sept.
Janz, P., Dawo, U., Geist, J.: The ecotoxicological assessment of a pesticide mixture
in an outdoor mesocosm study - effects on
the phytoplankton community. BaCaTec International Summer School „Life Sciences in
the 21st Century with a Focus on Water“, 04. 17. Juli
Hülsbergen, K.-J.: Optimierung betrieblicher
Nährstoffkreisläufe mit dem Modell REPRO.
Düngungstagung „Nachhaltige Sicherung der
Bodenfruchtbarkeit“, Groitzsch, 25. Februar
Jud, M., Schwertfirm, F., Schäffler, U., Rapp,
C., Bierhance, D. Ertac, Ö. und Schilcher, M.:
Kopplung von GIS und Hydraulik am Beispiel
der Dornbirnerach. agit 2011, Salzburg, 08.
Juli
Hülsbergen, K.-J.: Stickstoffbilanzierung mit
dem Modell REPRO zur Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung der Landwirtschaft. Tagung Stickstoffbilanzierung, Oldenburgisch-Ostfriesischer
Wasserverband, Bakenhus, 29. Sept.
Kantelhardt, J., Zehetmeier, M.: Ökonomische
Überlegungen zum Klimaschutz in der Rinderwirtschaft? Tagung Klimaschutz und Energieeffizienz in der Rinderwirtschaft, Wien, 30.
Mai
Hülsbergen, K.-J.: Stoffkreisläufe biologisch /
konventionell im Vergleich – erste Ergebnisse aus dem Pilotbetriebsnetz. Biopark Ackerbautagung, Bernburg, 1. Februar
Kapfer, M., Hübner, R., Eckstein, K., Ziesel, S.:
The provision of ecosystem services by agriculture – a spatially explicit DEA approach.
The 85 th Annual Conference of the Agricultural
Economics Society, University of Warwick,
Coventry (UK), 18. - 20. April
Hülsbergen, K.-J.: Umwelt- und Klimaschutz
eine Voraussetzung für nachhaltige Landnutzung.
Tagung
Ressourcenschonende
Landwirtschaft von TU München und Bayerischer Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft, Freising, 14. Juli
Hülsbergen, K.-J.: Umwelt- und Klimawirkungen der Milchviehhaltung und Strategien zur
136
Kapfer, M., Hübner, R., Eckstein, K., Kantelhardt, J.: The provision of ecosystem services by agriculture – a spatially explicit DEA
approach. EAAE 2011 Congress: Change and
Uncertainty Challenges for Agriculture, Food
and Natural Resources; Special Session: Global
change and territorial challenges, Zurich (Switzerland), 30. Aug. - 2. Sept.
Kellermann, M. (Joint Work with Salhofer, K.):
Comparing productivity growth in conventional and grassland dairy farms. XXIIIth
EAAE Congress, Zurich, Switzerland, 30. Aug.
Kellermann, M. (Joint Work with Salhofer, K.,
Karagiannis, G. and Kilian, S.): Development of
productivity and efficiency in the German
brewing sector. 2nd Beeronomics – The Economics of Beer and Brewing Conference, Freising, Germany, 21. Sept.
Kellermann, M.: The sensitivity of total factor
productivity decomposition to different stochastic frontier approaches. XIIth European
Workshop on Efficiency and Productivity Analysis, Verona, Italy, 21. – 24. Juni
Klaus, M.: Urban-Rural Interrelationshipsfrom an International Perspective. INTERGEO 2011, Nürnberg, 28. Sept.
Klaus, M.: Sustainable Urban Development
and Village Renewal. Summer School: Sustainable Municipal Development in the South
Caucasus – from Theory to Practice, Tiflis,
Georgien, 12.-16. Sept.
Klaus, M.: Land Use Planning and Land Management in Urban and Rural Areas (Tag des
Vortrags: 13. September 2011). Vortrag im
Rahmen der Summer School “Sustainable Municipal Development in the South Caucasus –
from Theory to Practice”, 12 - 16 September
2011, Tiflis, Georgien
Klaus, M.: Village Renewal and Urban Development from international perspectives.
Summer School: Comprehensive Land Policy in
Cambodia: Framework and Precondition for
balanced Spatial Planning and Development,
Phnom Penh, Kambodscha, 22. – 26. Aug.
Klaus, M.: Requirements to Urban and Rural
Development from International Perspectives. Summer School: Comprehensive Land
Policy in Cambodia: Framework and Precondition for balanced Spatial Planning and Development, Phnom Penh, Kambodscha, 22. – 26.
Aug.
Klaus, M.: Formal and Informal Participation
in Urban and Rural Planning Process – Reflections based on Complexity Theory. FIGWorking: Week Bridging the Gaps Between
Cultures, Marrakesch, Marokko, 18. - 22. Mai
Klaus, M.: Spatial Planning – A Tool for Providing Equivalent Living Conditions in Urban
and Rural Areas. International Symposium on
Equivalency and Sustainability – Contributions
of Land Management for a Harmonic Development of Urban and Rural Areas, Tianjin, China,
08.-09. April
Klaus, M.: Spatial Planning – Elements for
Equivalent Development in Urban and Rural
Areas. Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom
Penh, Kambodscha
Klaus, M.: Umstellung des Liegenschaftskatasters auf ALKIS: Herausforderungen in der
Praxis. Vortrag an der Hochschule Bochum,
Fachbereich Vermessung und Geoinformation,
12. Januar
Klaus, M.: Von Bodenordnung zu Landmanagement. Hochschule Bochum, Fachbereich
Vermessung und Geoinformation, 12. Januar
Kliem, H.: Milchdrüsenepithelzellen in Milch:
Gewinnung, Kultivierung und molekulare
Analytik sowie Applikationen und Perspektiven. Milchwirtschaftliche Herbsttagung, Weihenstephan, 07. Okt.
Koerber, K.v.: Nachhaltige Ernährung: Essen
für die Zukunft. BioFach-Kongress 2011,
Nürnberg, 17. Feb.
Koerber, K.v.: Nachhaltige Ernährung: Dimensionen, Herausforderungen und Ansatzpunkte. Auftakt-Tagung zur Umweltbildungskampagne 2012 in Bayern „Ernährung Schlüssel für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung!“
Pullach, 7. Juni
Koerber, K.v.: Ernährung und Nachhaltigkeit Globale Herausforderungen und Ansatzpunkte. Tagung am Forschungsinstitut für
Biologischen Landbau, FiBL, Frick/Schweiz, 18.
Aug.
Koerber, K.v.: Welternährung: globale Nahrungssicherung für eine wachsende Weltbevölkerung. Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft
für Ernährung „Nachhaltigkeit in der Ernährung“, Bonn, 21. Sept.
Koerber, K.v.: Welternährung: Eine globale
Perspektive. 9. Werner-Kollath-Tagung “Ernährungsökologie - Ernährung quer gedacht“,
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Köhler, I.: Nutrient supply influences the longterm 13Δ response of grassland under rising
CO2. GASIR Meeting, Villingen, Schweiz, 10.-12.
Okt.
Kögel-Knabner, I.: Processes of initial soil
organic matter formation. DBG Workshop
„Co-Evolution of soils and organic substances:
Links between soil forming processes and the
stabilisation of organic substances“, Landau,
03. März
Kögel-Knabner, I.: Strategies for the analysis
of strucural complexity of soils at the submicron scale (Key note) International Symposium on Soil Organic matter-from soils to
oceans, Leuven, Belgium 11.-14. Juli
Kölbl A., Kögel-Knabner I., Müller-Niggemann
C., Schwark L.: Die Entwicklung der räumlichen Verteilung von organischer Substanz
während der Nassreisbodengenese. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Berlin, 03.-09. Sept.
Kremer, J., Völkel, J.: Holzschreddergut als
Leichtbaumaterial zur bodenschonenden
Errichtung von Baustraßen im Fernleitungsbau. Jahrestagung DAK BoGeo, Freising, 13.14. Mai
Kreuzpaintner, A., Meyer, J.: Transparente
Dokumentation und Evaluierung des Produktionsprozesses im Gewächshaus. 47.
Gartenbauwissenschaftliche
Jahrestagung,
Hannover, 23.-26. Februar
Kreuzpaintner, A., Meyer, J.: „Gläserne Produktion“ -Dokumentation und Bewertung
des Ressourcenverbrauches am Beispiel der
Gemüseproduktion im Gewächshaus. Forum
Life Science 2011, Garching, 23.-24. März
Kunert, M., Steuer, H., Stahl, J. Schulz, M. und
Schilcher, M.: Bedeutung von GIS und Fernerkundung im Kontext von INSPIRE und
GMES. agit 2011, Salzburg, 08. Juli
Leiminger J.: Schwellenorientierte Bekämpfungsstrategien gegen Alternaria. DPG Arbeitskreis Integrierter Pflanzenschutz, Projektgruppe Kartoffel, Braunschweig, 02. - 03. März
Leiminger, J., Adolf, B., Hausladen, H.: Sensitivity of German A. solani isolates against QoI
fungicides. EUROBLIGHT workshop, Internationales Expertentreffen zur Kraut- und Knollen-
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fäule sowie zur Dürrfleckenkrankheit an Kartoffeln, St. Petersburg, 09.-14. Okt.
Leiminger, J., Hausladen, H.: Disease oriented
threshold values as tool for effective EB
control. EUROBLIGHT workshop, Internationales Expertentreffen zur Kraut- und Knollenfäule
sowie zur Dürrfleckenkrankheit an Kartoffeln,
St. Petersburg, 09.-14. Okt.
Leuchs, S.: Tiermodelle für humane Magenkrebs-Erkrankung. DGfZ-Jahrestagung, Freising, 06.-07. Sept.
Leopold, M.: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen
geophysikalischer Methoden zur Untergrundprospektion im Rahmen des Fernleitungsbaus. Jahrestagung des DAK BoGeo,
Freising, 13.-14. Mai
Leopold, M.: Imaging the Critical Zone. American Geophysical Union AGU, San Francisco
CA, USA, 05.-09. Dez.
Leopold, M.: Characterisation of a Soil archive at Boulder Colorado, USA. Jahrestagung DAG, Leipzig
Li, F.: Deriving N status of winter wheat using a proximal sensor (HandySpec) under
German and Chinese conditions. Farmers´
Field Day of the German-Chinese project in
Quzhou County, China, 30. Sept.-01. Okt.
Linkmeyer, A., Heß, M., Hausladen, H., Hückelhoven, R.: Fusarium an der Gerste: Auftreten
von verschiedenen Fusarium-Arten und Einfluss von Bekämpfungsmaßnahmen. 23.
Tagung der DPG-Projektgruppe „Krankheiten
im Getreide“, Braunschweig, 01. - 02. Februar
Linkmeyer, A., Heß, M., Hückelhoven, R.,
Hausladen, H.: Occurrence and relevance of
Fusarium head blight in barley. Jahrestagung
Wirt-Parasit-Interaktion
des
Arbeitskreises
/DPG, Freising-Weihenstephan, 24.-25. März
Magel, H. / Spreng, K.: Bodenmanagement in
der Landentwicklung Bayerns. Universität für
Bodenkultur Wien, Wien, 01. Juni
Magel, H.: Good Land Management Policy
Facilitating the Balanced Rural and Urban
Development. Keynote on the occasion of the
Annual Conference of China Land Science Society: Integrated Rural and Urban Development.
Deepening Land Policy Reform, Foshan, PR of
China, 19. Nov.
Magel, H.: Aktive Bürgerinnen und Bürger –
für eine gute Zukunft im ländlichen Raum.
Eröffnungsveranstaltung der Akademie Ländlicher Raum Thüringen, Eckstedt, 22. Sept.
len wir damit planen und strukturell umgehen? Tagung des Bayerischen Staatsministeriums für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten,
Regen, 12. März
Magel, H.: New Paradigms in Sustainable
Development of Municipalities. Keynote
Summer School Tbilisi 2011, Tbilisi, Georgia,
12. Sept.
Magel, H.: Gleich oder Gleichwertig? Seminar: Zum Leitbild für den ländlichen Raum in
Sachsen, Dresden, 24. Jan.
Magel, H.: Comprehensive Land Policy in
Cambodia: Keynote Framework and Precondition for Integrated Spatial Planning and
Well Balanced Development. Summer School
at RUA Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 22. Aug.
Magel, H.: International experiences of land
use planning and land policy in the context
of NALUA. University of the Philippines VisayasTacloban College, Tacloban City, 25. Juli
Magel, H.: Ländliche Entwicklung für die Zukunft Bayerns. 125 Jahre Verwaltung für Ländliche Entwicklung in der Residenz München, 26.
Mai
Magel, H.: Participatory Land use planning in
Germany – a precondition and means for
sustainable development. Which Role plays
Good Land and Water Governance? SouthSouth-Dialogue on Land Use Planning – A Response to Current Constraints and Challenges
of Development, Windhoek, 21. Juni
Magel, H.: Governance and Regionalization:
New Paradigms for Transparent Politics and
Accountable Civic Engagement. FIG WW
Marrakech, 20. Mai
Magel, H.: Equitable Development of urban
and rural areas - Contributions of Land
Management in Science and Practice. International Symposium: Equitable, fair and sustainable – Landreform in the face of urbanization in China, Tianjin, 8. April
Magel, H.: Schrumpfung als Herausforderung
für ländliche Räume – Lösungswege, Strategien und Instrumente. 13. Münchener Tage
der Bodenordnung und Landentwicklung, 14.
März
Magel, H.: Schrumpfung bleibt eine große
Herausforderung! 13. Münchener Tage der
Bodenordnung und Landentwicklung, 15. März
Magel, H.: Angekommen auch in Bayern: Das
Phänomen schrumpfender Dörfer: Wie sol-
Magel, H.: Zusammenfassung. Europäische
Konferenz: Stadt braucht Land, Land
braucht Stadt. Domberg Freising, 23.-25. Nov.
Maidl, F.-X.: Bedeutung verschiedener Wellenlängen aus Reflexionsmessungen zur
Charakterisierung von Pflanzenparametern.
Großhelfendorf, 10. Februar
Maidl, F.-X.: Sensorbasierte Stickstoffdüngung nach dem Verfahren online with mapoverlay. Internationales DLG-Pflanzenbauzentrum Bernburg, 29. März
Maidl, F.-X.: Möglichkeiten der Reflexionsmessung zur schnellen Pflanzenanalyse im
Feld. Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Pflanzenzüchtung, Bonn, 07. - 09. Nov.
Maidl, F.-X.: Möglichkeiten zur Detektion von
Viruserkrankungen bei Kartoffeln mittels
Spektralanalyse. Arbeitsgemeinschaft Kartoffelzüchtung, Göttingen, 16. Nov.
Maidl, F.-X.: Sensortechnik zur Steuerung der
N-Düngung nach ökonomischen und ökologischen Gesichtspunkten. Agritechnica, Hannover, 13.- 19. Nov.
Maidl, F.-X.: Vergleich verschiedener Sensorsysteme zur Steuerung der teilflächenspezifischen Stickstoffdüngung. REWAG, Regensburg, 24. Nov.
Masum, F.: Strengthening individual and institutional capacity and developing framework for good governance: The need for an
integrated approach for proper land administration. MarrakechFIG WW Marrakech, 20.
Mai
Merkl, C.: Generation of induced pluripotent
stem cells from rat. 2nd RPF symposium,
Roche Nutley, 19.-20. Sept.
Meyer, H.H.D.: Muskelphysiologische Veränderungen
durch
Doping.
Anti-DopingWorkshop/Fortbildungsveranstaltung der Akademie für Fort- und Weiterbildung des Bayeri-
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schen Sportärzteverbandes, München, 22. Januar
Meyer, H.H.D.: Co-Evolution der „Gestagen &
Gestagenrezeptor Systeme“ in Elefanten,
Pferden und weiteren Huftier-Spezies. Marienseer Gespräche 2011 des FriedrichLoeffler-Institutes, Neustadt, 24. Okt.
Meyer, S.U.: Impact of different normalization strategies on miRNA profiling experiments. qPCR 2011 Symposium on Molecular
Diagnostics: From Single Cells to Next Generation Sequencing, Freising-Weihenstephan, 28.
März- 01. April
Meyer, J., Schlüpen, M.: Hightec - Greenhouses for Organic Farming? Greensys2011,
05.-10. Juni, Halkidiki, Greece
Mistele, B.: Comparison of different sensors
for evaluating biomass and nitrogen uptake
in winter wheat. Farmers´ Field Day of the
German-Chinese project in Quzhou County,
China, 30. Sept.-01. Okt.
Mocker, M., Faulstich, M.: Strategische Rohstoffe für den Ausbau der Erneuerbaren
Energien. 26. Symposium Photovoltaische
Solarenergie, Bad Staffelstein, 02.-04. März
Müller, M., Pander, J.: Der Effekt von Querbauwerken auf die aquatische Biodiversität.
Weihenstephaner Kolloquium zur Angewandten
Ökologie und Planung, Freising, 19. Dez.
Müller, C.W., Höschen, C., Heister, K., KögelKnabner, I.: Analyse mikroskaliger Bodenprozesse mittels NanoSIMS. Jahrestagung
der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft,
Berlin, 03.-09. Sept.
Müller, C.W., Höschen, C., Heister, K., KögelKnabner, I.: Submicron analysis of soil interface composition using NanoSIMS. Goldschmidt 2011, Prag (Czech Republic), 14.-19.
August
Müller, J.: RNA interference via viral vectors
in loss of function studies. Vortrag im Rahmen
der Vorlesung "Molekulare Genetik und Regulationsphysiologie der Tiere", 19. Januar
Munch, J.C., Schroll, R.: Böden im Klimawandel: Erholen sie sich von extremen Zuständen? Klimawandel und Biodiversität – Folgen
für Deutschland Statuskonferenz, Senckenberg
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Neumüller, M.: Plum pox virus resistant rootstocks and plum cultivars. Plum Symposium,
Cacak, Serbien, 24.-26. Aug.
Neumüller, M.: Blue Lamp – Nachweismethode für Scharka. Sortentagung für Fach und
Zentralstellen Obstbau, Wintersingen, Schweiz,
Sept.
Neumüller, M.: Erfahrungen mit den aktuellen
hypersensiblen Unterlagen und Zwetschensorten. Sortentagung für Fach und Zentralstellen Obstbau, Wintersingen, Schweiz, Sept.
Neumüller, M.: Scharkakrankheit und Birnenverfall – zwei Quarantäneschaderreger bedrohen den Stein- und Kernobstanbau. Winterfachtagung der Salzburger Baumwärter, 26.
Nov.
Neumüller,M.: Weihenstephaner Zwetschenzüchtung. Tagung der Beratungskräfte des
Obst- und Gartenbaus, Hechingen, Nov.
Nyman, M., Heß, M., Hausladen, H., Weigand,
St.: Presence of Ramularia collo-cygni in
Bavaria in the past 50 years. Jahrestagung
des Arbeitskreises Wirt-Parasit-Interaktion/
DPG, Freising-Weihenstephan, 24.-25. März
Nyman, M., Hess, M., Hausladen, H., Weigand,
S.: Presence of Ramularia collo-cygni in Bavaria in the past 50 years. 4th International
Workshop on Barley Leaf Blights. Dundee,
Scotland, 27.-29. Juni
Olearius, G., Roosen, J., Drescher, L.S.: A
Hazard Analysis of Consumers’ Switching
Behaviour in German Food Retailing for
Dairy Products. 51. Jahrestagung der GEWISOLA „Unternehmerische Landwirtschaft zwischen Marktanforderungen und gesellschaftlichen Erwartungen“, Halle, 28. bis 30. Sept.
Pahl, H.: Strukturelle Entwicklungen auf den
Märkten für Fleisch regional und global –
Hintergründe und Perspektiven. 2. Internationale Tagung zu den Perspektiven für eine
nachhaltige Tierhaltung und einen zukunftsfähigen Fleischkonsum. Berlin, 07.-08. Nov.
Pander, J.: Habitatrestaurierung in stark
anthropogen
veränderten
Gewässern
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Landkreis Schweinfurt, Schweinfurt, 20. Sept.
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veränderten
Gewässern
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Landkreis Hassberge, Königsberg, 22. Sept.
Pausch, H., Edel, C., Emmerling, R., Götz, K.U., Fries, R.: Imputation von hoch-dichter
SNP Information beim Fleckvieh. Vortragstagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Züchtungskunde e.V., Freising, 06.-07. Sept.
Pröls, R.K.: Alcohol dehydrogenase 1 of barley modulates susceptibility to the parasitic
fungus Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei. 24.
Tagung Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, Dabringhausen, 22. - 25. Februar
Pröls, R.K.: Alcohol dehydrogenase 1 of barley modulates susceptibility to the parasitic
fungus Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei . Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises Wirt-ParasitInteraktion/DPG, Freising-Weihenstephan, 24.25. März
Peterhansl, A., Höldrich, A., Bernhardt, H.: Algenproduktion im Winter in Bayern – erste
Ergebnisse. ForNeBik Fachgespräch, Straubing, 07.-08. Sept.
Pfaffl, M.W.: Stay in touch while on the
bench: MIQE qPCR. qPCR 2011 Event, Freising-Weihenstephan, 28. März - 01. April
Pfaffl, M.W.; Riedmaier, I., Meyer, H.H.D.: The
use of qRT-PCR and high-throughput transcriptomics for biomarker development.
qPCR 2011 Event; Freising-Weihenstephan, 28.
März - 01. April
Pfaffl, M.W.: MIQE Guidelines: Klinische realtime PCR - Theorie, neuste Applikationen
und Qualitätsmanagement. Biomed Austria,
FH Campus Wien, Österreich, 05. - 06. Mai
Pfaffl, M.W.: The use of qRT-PCR and highthroughput transcriptomics for biomarker
development. TATAA Biocenter qPCR Symposium “Developments in Real-time PCR – From
Preanalytics to Molecular Diagnostics”, Prague,
Czech Republic, 13. - 17. Juni
Pfaffl, M.W.: mRNA & microRNA integrity the key to success. TATAA Biocenter qPCR
Symposium, ”Developments in Real-time PCR
– From Preanalytics to Molecular Diagnostics”,
Prague, Czech Republic, 13. - 17. Juni
Pfaffl, M.W.: mRNA and microRNA expres-
sion analysis with real-time RT-PCR. TUM
Analytik Club, Seminarraum am Lehrstuhl für
Biologische Chemie, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5,
Freising-Weihenstephan, 29. Juni
Pfaffl, M.W.: The use of high-throughput
transcriptomics for biomarker development
in agriculture. AgriGenomic Congress in Hamburg, Hamburg, 30. Juni - 01. Juli
Pfaffl, M.W.: Quantification strategies and
qPCR efficiency determination. Advanced
qPCR Techniques for Publication Success:
Following MIQE Recommendation. EMBL,
Heidelberg, 11.-15. Juli
Pfaffl, M.W.: Data analysis using REST. Advanced qPCR Techniques for Publication
Success: Following MIQE Recommendation.
EMBL, Heidelberg, 11.-15. Juli
Pfaffl, M.W.: The use of qRT-PCR and highthroughput transcriptomics for biomarker
development. 2nd annual qPCR Europe Conference and Exhibition, Munich, 08. - 09. Sept.
Pfaffl, M.W.: Quantification strategies in realtime RT-qPCR - recent advances and new
perspectives in agricultural research. BASF
Agrarzentrum Limburgerhof, Ludwigshafen, 26.
Okt.
Pfaffl, M.W.: Recent advances and new perspectives in comparative quantification using qRT-PCR., Forsyth Institute, Cambridge,
MA, USA, 25. Nov.
Pfaffl, M.W.: MIQE challenges and solutions –
reliable microRNA expression profiling and
biomarker development. Massachusetts General Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research
Center, Boston, MA, USA, 26. Okt.
biomarker development. New England RNA
Data (NERD) Club, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA, USA, 26. Okt.
biomarker development. Medical Faculty,
Duke University, Durham, NC, USA, 28. Okt.
Pfaffl, M.W.: MIQE challenges – DNA and
RNA quantification on the single cell-level.
2011 qPCR Symposium USA, San Francisco
Bay Area, Santa Clara Convention Center, 5001
141
Great America Parkway, CA 95054, USA, 01. 02. Nov.
Pfaffl, M.W.: Quantitative aspects of real time
RT-PCR - current and future. 3rd Annual Scientific Meetings of Molecular Diagnostics Belgium, Antwerp, Belgium, 13. Dez.
Priesack, E., Bittner, S., Janott, M.: Anwendung eines neuen Modells zum Wassertransport in Pflanzen. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft 2011,
Berlin und Potsdam, 03.-09. Sept.
Priesack, E., Bittner, S., Janott, M., Gayler,S.:.
Applications of a new model of water flow in
soil-plant system. ModelCare 2011 8th International Conference on Calibration and Reliability in Groundwater Modeling, Leipzig, 18.-22.
Sept.
Prietzel, J., Bachmann, S.: Auswirkungen der
Einbringung von Douglasie in Wälder Bayerns auf den Chemismus von Boden und
Bodensickerwasser. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Berlin,
03.-09. Sept.
Pröls, R.K., Pathuri, I., Oberhollenzer, K., Hensel, G., Kumlehn, J., Hückelhoven, R.: Knockdown of HvRBOHF2 in transgenic barley
results in altered susceptibility to fungal
penetration and a different pattern of ADH
activity in response to Bgh. International
FOR666 meeting on plant fungus compatibility.
Antibes, Frankreich 28. - 30. Sept.
Pronk, G.J., Heister, K., Ding, G-C., Kornelia
Smalla, I., Kögel-Knabner, I.: Microbial community development and mineral-organic
matter interactions in an artificial soil incubation experiment, Goldschmidt conference,
Prag, Czech Republic, 14.-19. August
Reents, H.J., Forster, F., Stollovsky, M., Brandhuber, R., Kainz, M.: Effekte von BiomasseFruchtfolgen und Gärrestsubstrat auf Aggregatbildung und weitere Bodeneigenschaften. – Tagung der Dt. Bodenkundlichen
Ges. Berlin, 03.-09. Sept.
Reiter, J.: Enzymatic Cleavage of Ether Linkages in Lignin. Forum Life Science 2011, München, 23. März
Richter, T.: Generation of transgenic rabbits
using Sleeping Beauty. Genetic colloquium,
Piran, Slovenia, 26. Sept.
142
Riedmaier, I.: mRNA transcriptomics and the
needed biostatistics; recent experiences
with NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) and
microRNA quantification. Saskatoon International Workshop Validation and Regulatory
Analysis, Saskatoon, Canada, 19. - 22. Juni
Rischbeck, P., Baresel, P., Mistele, B., ElSayed, S., Schmidhalter, U.: Water status phenotyping
of
spring
barley
varieties.
CROP.SENSe Status Seminar Geilweilerhof JKIInstitut für Rebenzüchtung, Siebeldingen, 26.28. Sept.
Roeder, J.: Satellitengestützte Monitoringkonzepte zur Bewertung von Rekultivierungserfolgen
an
ehemaligen
GasFernleitungsbaustellen. Jahrestagung DAK
BoGeo, Freising, 13.-14. Mai
Roosen, J., Drescher, L.S.: Consumer motives
and expectations regarding organic food
consumption. Focus Balkans, 2nd Open
Seminar, Brussels, 23. Sept.
Roosen, J., Marette, S.: Making the ‘right’
choice based on experiments: regulatory
decisions for food and health. Congress of
the European Association of Agricultural
Economists, Zurich, Switzerland, 30. Aug.-02.
Sept.
Saalfrank, A.: Animal model for early detection of pancreatic cancer. DGfZ-Jahrestagung, Freising, 06.-07. Sept.
Salhofer, K. (Joint Work with Mittenzwei, K.,
Veggeland, F., and Bullock, D.): License to
govern: The institution of agricultural policy
making in Norway. 15th Annual Conference of
The International Society for New Institutional
Economics, Standford, USA, 16. Juni
Salhofer, K. (Joint Work with Karagiannis, G.,
and Sinabell F.): Scale efficiency in organic
and conventional dairy farming. XII European
Workshop on Efficiency and Productivity Analysis, Verona, Italy, 22. Juni
Salhofer, K. (Joint Work with Mittenzwei, K.,
Bullock, D. and Kola, J.): Towards a theory of
policy timing. XXIIIth EAAE Congress, Zurich,
Switzerland, 28. Aug.
Salhofer, K. (Joint Work with Graubner, M.,
Balmann, A., Koller, I. and Sexton, R.): Spatial
competition in the German raw milk market:
Price discrimination and cooperative behav-
iour. XXIIIth EAAE Congress, Zurich, Switzerland, 28. Aug.
Salhofer, K. (Joint Work with Kilian, S., Antón,
J. and Röder, N.): Impacts of 2003 CAP reform on land values and capitalization. XXIIIth EAAE Congress, Zurich, Switzerland, 28.
Aug.
Salhofer, K. (Joint Work with Feichtinger, P.):
Bedarf der Bodenmarkt staatlicher Regulierung? Prä-Konferenz Workshop, 51. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Wirtschafts-und Sozialwissenschaften des Landbaues e. V., Halle,
28. Sept.
Salhofer, K. (Joint Work with Graubner, M.,
Koller, I., Balmann, A.): Die Nachfrage nach
Rohmilch als räumlicher Wettbewerb zwischen Molkereien. Weihenstephaner Milchwirtschaftliche Herbsttagung, Freising, 6. Okt.
Schieder, D.: Enhancement of 2,3-butanediol
production by Paenibacillus polymyxa at
fed-batch fermentations. 1st European Congress of Applied Biotechnology & 29th
DECHEMA´s Biotechnology Annual Meeting,
Berlin, 26.-29. Sept.
Schlüpen, M., Meyer, J., Kreuzpaintner, A.,
Schockert, K., Laun, N.: Hightech – Gewächshaus für den ökologischen Gartenbau. 47.
Gartenbauwissenschaftliche Tagung, Produktund Prozessinnovationen im Gartenbau, Leibniz
Universität Hannover, 23.-26. Februar
Schmid, J.: Nachwachsende Rohstoffe als
Quelle für Kunststoffe und Spezial- Chemikalien. Brau Breviale, Nürnberg, Nov.
Schmid, J.: Polysaccharides as novel biomaterials.1st European Congress of Applied Biotechnology & 29th DECHEMA´s Biotechnology
Annual Meeting, Berlin, 26.-29. Sept.
Schmid, J.: Nachwachsende Rohstoffe als
Quelle für Kunststoffe und Spezialchemikalien. 5. Wasserseminar Competence Pool Weihenstephan, Waidring, Österreich, 15.-16. Sept.
Schmidhalter, U. Jungert, S., Mistele, B., Heil,
K. Erdle, K. Kipp, S.: Developments in Precision Agriculture – Sensing the nitrogen
status in plants and implementing into fertilizing algorithms. (Invited lecture) agri-sensing
2011: International Symposium on Sensing in
Agriculture, Haifa, Israel, 21.-24. Februar
Schmidhalter, U., Schraml, M.: Fertilizers and
soil fertility - What else should we sense?
agri-sensing 2011: International Symposium on
Sensing in Agriculture, 21.-24. Februar, Haifa,
Israel
Schmidhalter, U.: Klimagas-Emissionen und
N-Stabilisatoren. Ehrenkolloquium anlässlich
des 70. Geburtstages von Prof. Dr. H-J- Niclas,
SKW Piesteritz, 04. Mai
Schmidhalter, U.: Advanced nitrification and
urease inhibitors from German fertilizer
industry. Farmers´ Field Day of the GermanChinese project in Quzhou County, China, 30.
Sept.-01. Okt.
Schnieke, A.: Modifying pigs for crossspecies transplantation. 3rd Cardiac Stem Cell
and Tissue Engineering Conference 2011, San
Servolo – Venedig, Venice, Italy, 18.-20. Mai
Schnieke, A.: Large animal models for biomedicine. Marienseer Gespräche, Mariensee,
30. Juni
Schnieke, A.: From Dolly to induced pluripotent stem cells. Workshop: Manipulation on
mammalian gametes and embryos. Polish
Academy of Sciences Jastrzębiec, 23. Mai – 03.
Juni
Schnieke, A.: Transgenic large animals &
Does size matter? Ethical, societal, legal and
biological aspects. Workshop: Integrierte
Nutztiermodelle, Berlin, 5. Okt.
Schnieke, A.: Large animal models for biomedicine. Endokrinologische Kolloquien, Halle,
15. Dez.
Schnyder, H., Schleip, I.: Grundlagen des
Pflanzenwachstums bei intensiver Weidenutzung. Seminar: Internationale Arbeitsgruppe
Weide, Irdning, Austria, 07.-08. Juli
Schnyder, H.: The role of stores in plant metabolic networks – insight from compartmental
modelling of dynamic 13C and 15N labelling
kinetics. SEB–Annual Main Meeting 2011, Glasgow, UK, 01.-04. Juli
Schnyder, H.: N-Haushalt in Kulturpflanzen.
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pflanzenernährung
e.V. und Gesellschaft für Pflanzenbauwissenschaften e.V., Kiel, 27. Sept.
143
Schön, C.-C.: Prediction of testcross performance in maize with high density SNP
data. Quantitative Genetics & Genomics
Gordon Research Conference, Galveston Island, 20.-25. Februar
Schön, C.-C.: Synbreed – Synergistic Plant
and Animal Breeding. 11. GABI Statusseminar, Potsdam, 15.-17. März
Schön, C.-C.: Stress tolerance in crops. 7th
International congress Forum Life Sciences,
Garching, 23. März
Schön, C.-C.: Genomische Vorhersage der
Testkreuzungsleistungen bei Mais. 2. Quedlinburger Pflanzenzüchtungstage, Quedlinburg,
29.-30. März
Schön, C.-C.: Genome-based prediction of
testcross values in maize. Gatersleben Lectures, Gatersleben, 17. Mai
Schön, C.-C.: Next generation breeding. KWS
SAAT AG, Einbeck, 23. Juni
Schön, C.-C.: Was kann klassische Pflanzenzüchtung? Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, München, 04. Juli
Schön, C.-C.: Synbreed – Synergistic Plant
and Animal Breeding. CROP.SENSe.net annual meeting, Siebeldingen, 26. Sept.
Schön, C.-C.: Integration biologischer Daten
in der Pflanzenzüchtung. Workshop Bioinformatik des BioÖkonimieRates, 20.-21. Okt.
Schön, C.-C.: Innovationscluster Synbreed –
was können wir von der genomischen Selektion erwarten? GFP-Mitgliederversammlung,
Bonn, 10. Nov.
Seifert, H.: Räumliche Verbreitung ausgewählter Baumarten in Europa und deren GISund Unsicherheitsabschätzung. agit 2011,
Salzburg, 08. Juli
Sieber, V.: Enzymatic cleavage of ether linkages in lignin. Biotrans 2011, Giardini Naxos,
02.- 07. Okt.
Sieber, V.: Bioraffinerien - Möglichkeiten für
die Landwirtschaft und für eine nachhaltige
Chemieproduktion. 2. Agrarwissenschaftliches
Symposium des Hans Eisenmann-Zentrums,
Freising, 28. Sept.
144
Sieber, V.: Cell free biotechnological production of industrial alcohols. Enzyme Engineering XXI Vail, Colorado, 16.-22. Sept.
Sieber, V.: Möglichkeiten der Bioraffinerie für
die Landwirtschaft - Auf dem Weg zu einer
nachhaltigen Chemie. Carmen Symposium,
Straubing, 11. Juli
Sieber, V.: Zellfreie Biosynthese von 1,4 Butandiol. Forum Life Science 2011, München,
24. März
Spreng, K.: Berge und Menschen - eine
Raumbetrachtung. Seminar der KonradAdenauer-Stiftung: Die alpinen Bergregionen im
Spannungsfeld von Wirtschaft, Naturschutz,
Kultur und Freizeit, Lech am Arlberg, 07. Aug.
Steffens, M.: SOM in future grassland research - approaches and techniques.- Oral
lecture at the Grassnet workshop “Prospects
2050 – will the grass be greener? - Lessons
from future to develop concepts and methods
for grassland research” at the Universität
Hohenheim, Germany, 06.-08. Dez.
Steffens, M.: Effects of grazing cessation on
the soil organic matter of a semiarid steppe
ecosystem in Inner Mongolia, P.R. China.Oral presentation at the BfN and UNEP-WCMC
International Workshop “Ecosystem climate
relevance beyond forests and peatlands” at the
Isle of Vilm, Germany, 26. - 29. Okt.
Steffens, M., Buddenbaum, H.: Räumlich
hochaufgelöste Erfassung der C-, N-, Al-,
Fe- und Mn-Gehalte in einem Pseudogleyprofil mittels abbildender Spektroskopie. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Berlin, 03. - 09. Sept.
Steffens, M., Buddenbaum, H.: Laboratory
imaging spectroscopy of a stagnic luvisol
profile.- EARSeL 7th SIG-Imaging Spectroscopy Workshop in Edinburgh, Scotland, 11. 13. April
Steffens, M., Buddenbaum, H.: Laboratory
imaging spectroscopy of a stagnic luvisol
profile.- General Assembly 2011 of the European Geosciences Union in Vienna, Austria, 03.
- 08. April
Stein, N., Zhou, R., Schmutzer, T., Steuernagel,
B., Scholz, U., Martis, M., Seidel, M., Mayer, K.,
Simkova, H., Dolezel, J., Haseneyer, G., Bauer,
E., Hedley, P., Liu, H., Waugh, R.: Triticeae
synteny revisited by barley chromosomal
genomics. Plant & Animal Genome XIX Conference, San Diego, 15.-19. Januar
and Pathology of Reproduction of the German
Veterinary medical society, Hannover, 18. Februar
Sternecker, K.: Influences of stream substratum and interstitial water conditions on salmonid
reproduction.
Laboratorium
for
ferskvannsøkologi og innlandsfiske, LFI Uni
Miljø, Bergen, Norwegen, 19. Okt.
Ulbrich, S.E.: Maternal Challenges during
bovine Pregnancy. Meeting of the Pfizer Reproduction-Consortium, Munich, 14. April
Sternecker, K., Geist, J.: Methods for the
evaluation of stream substratum functionality using salmonids as indicator species.
BaCaTec International Summer School, Life
Sciences in the 21st Century with a Focus on
Water, 04. – 17. Juli
Strenner, M., Maidl, F.-X.: The Effect of Wavelength and Mathematical Formula on the
Result of Measurement with different Vegetation Indices. Conference Agri-Sensing, Haifa,
Israel, 21.-24. Februar
Täubert, J.E., Geist, J.: Host-specificity of the
endangered thickshelled river mussel (Unio
crassus). BaCaTec International Summer
School, Life Sciences in the 21st Century with a
Focus on Water, 04. – 17. Juli
Täubert, J.E., Gum, B., Geist, J.: Eignung verschiedener Fischarten als Wirt für die Bachmuschel (Unio crassus). 1. Münchner Angler
Club, München, 17.Mai
Tichopad, A.: Stratified error in the qPCR
assays from the statistical point of view.
qPCR 2011 Event, Freising-Weihenstephan, 28.
März - 01. April
Töwe, S., Albert, A., Kleineidam, K., Brankatschk, R., Munch, J.C., Zeyer, J., Schloter,
M.: Abundance of microbes involved in nitrogen transformation in the rhizosphere of
Leucanthemopsis alpina (L.) Heywood
grown in soils from different sites of the
Damma glacier forefield. VAAM-Jahrestagung
2011 Vereinigung für Allgemeine und Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Karlsruhe, 03.–06. April
Treutter, D.: Elicitation of phenylpropanoid
and flavonoid biosynthesis in apple leaves
by Myco-Sin and induced resistance against
fire-blight. CCOST Action 864 Meeting, Universität Hasselt, Belgien, 15. Januar
Ulbrich, S. E.: DNA Methylation analysis of
estrogen receptor alpha in bovine Endometrium. 44th Annual Meeting of Physiology
Ulbrich, S.E.: Do placental abnormalities and
fetal overgrowth manifest prior to implantation through imbalances in intrauterine nutrient supply with amino acids? COST Action
FA0702 GEMINI Working Group III Workshop,
Maternal Nutrition, Israel, 31. Mai - 3. Juni 2011
Ulbrich, S.E.: Expression of VEGFA and VEGF
receptors at the bovine embryo-maternal
interface during the preimplantation development. 7th International Conference on Farm
Animal Endocrinology, Bern, Switzerland, 24. 26. August
Ulbrich, S.E.: Enhancing our current understanding of reproduction biology by applying
an epigenetic perspective. XX Annual Conference of Society of Animal Physiologist of India
(SAPI) and International Symposium on Advances in Physiologic Research for Sustainable
Development of Livestock and Poultry with
Satellite Symposium, Kolkata, India, 02. - 04.
Nov.
v. Toussaint, U., Gori, S., Manhard, A.,
Höschen, T., Höschen, C.: Modelling of Grain
Boundary Diffusion. 15th Meeting of the International Tokamak Physics Activity (ITPA) Topical Group on SOL/Divertor, Helsinki, 16.-18.
Mai
Venus, T., Eraul, R. C., Soregaroli, C., Wesseler,
J.: Bt-maize production profits in Germany,
Italy and Spain and the effects on coexistence regulations. 5th International Genetically
Modified (GM) Crops Coexistence Conference,
Vancouver, Canada, 26.-28. Okt.
Vetter, S.H., Auerswald, K., Schnyder, H.,
Bernhofer, C.: Carbon fluxes of grassland
after long-term of arable land use. Integrated
Land Ecosystem-Atmosphere Processes Study
Conference, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 18.-23.
Sept.
Viturro, E.: Einfluss von Fütterung und Management auf den bovinen Fett- und Cholesterinmetabolismus: Auswirkungen auf die
Milchzusammensetzung“.
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145
schaftlicher Beirat Milchindustrieverband, Regensburg, 11. Nov.
Völkel, J.: Eolian and fluvial sedimentation in
the Sinai Mts., Egypt. A record of flash
floods during the Late Pleistocene. Symposium Our Way to Europe, RWTH Aachen
Völkel, J.: Die Georessource Boden in der
Agrarlandschaft im Zuge temporärer kleinräumiger Bergbaumaßnahmen und linearer
Projekte. Jahrestagung DAK BoGeo, Freising,
13.-14. Mai
Völkel, J.: Parameters and genetic interpretation of a palaeosol from the Colorado Front
Range, USA. European Geoscience Union
EGU, Wien, 03.-08. April
Völkel, J.: Significance of slope sediments
layering on physical characteristics and
interflow within the Critical Zone – Examples
from the Colorado Front Range, USA. Geochemistry of the Earth’s Surface, Boulder CO,
USA, 03.-07. Juni
Völkel, J.: OSL-Datierung periglazialer Deckschichten im Bayerischen Wald. Neue Ergebnisse. Jahrestagung DAK Geomorphologie,
Leipzig, 28. Sept.-01. Okt.
Völkel, J. Fossile Böden in Erdwerken als
Archive der Bodengenese in der mitteleuropäischen Kulturlandschaft. Jahrestagung
Deutsche Bodenkundliche Gesellschaft, Berlin,
03.-09. Sept.
Völkel, J.: Origin and Age of the Lower Bavarian Sand Dune Landscape around Abensberg and Siegenburg. GeoMunich Fragile
Earth, München, 04.-07. Sept.
Völkel, J.: TUM-Critical Zone Observatory. A
newly launched research initiative. – Crital
Zone Observatories. World Meeting of the
European Union and the National Science
Foundation NSF, Newark DE, USA
Völkel, J.: Vulnerability and Resilience of
Soils. Sino-German Conference on Alien Species, Nanjing, China
Wanat, N., Autruy, A., Joussein, E., Itmi, A.,
Munch, J.C.: The adaptation of Miscanthus x
giganteus plant to soils developed from mining wastes. European Geosciences Union
General Assembly 2011 (EGU2011) Wien, 0308. April
146
Wesseler, J.: Comparison of Bt and non-Bt
maize cultivation gross margin: a case study
of maize producers from Italy, Spain and
Germany. European Economic Social Committee debate on GM crops cultivation in Europe,
Brussels, Belgium, 28. Nov.
Wesseler, J.: Liability regimes, compensation
schemes and other ex post coexistence
rules in EU countries. 5th International Genetically Modified (GM) Crops Coexistence
Conference, Vancouver, Canada, 26.-28. Okt.
Wesseler, J.: Koexistenz in der Milchproduktion: Herausforderungen für Milchviehhalter
und Milchverarbeiter bei der Herstellung und
Vermarktung gentechnikfreier Milch. Milchwirtschaftliche Herbsttagung, Weihenstephan,
06.-07. Okt.
Wesseler, J.: Globale Umwälzung
nährungswirtschaft und mögliche
die Bayerische Tierproduktion.
Arbeitsgemeinschaft Tierernährung
gung, Weihenstephan, 04.-05. Okt.
in der ErFolgen für
Bayerische
e. V. Ta-
Wesseler, J.: Economic consequences of the
2011 ECJ judgement on GM pollen in honey
for the worldwide honey trade. International
Workshop on the consequences of the ECJ
judgement on GM pollen in honey for GM crop
releases and cultivation in Germany and the
EU, Berlin, 13.-14. Dez.
Wesseler, J.: Coexistence of GM and non-GM
supply chains in the EU: policy framework
and economic aspects. International Workshop on socio-economic impacts of genetically
modified (GM) crops (co-organised by JRC
IPTS and FAO), Seville, 23.-24. Nov.
Wesseler, J.: Gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen des 21. Jahrhunderts: Welchen Beitrag kann die agrarökonomische Forschung
zur Bewältigung leisten? Weihenstephaner
Hochschultag, Weihenstephan, 8. Juli
Wesseler, J.: The Environmental Regulation
of Biofuels in the EU. Implications for Biofuel
Production. 18th EAERE conference, Rome,
Italy, 29. Juni-02. Juli
Wesseler, J., Kalaitzandonakes, N.: The Unions
Challenge: on the Future EU GMO Policy.
15th ICABR conference, Frascati, Italy, 26.-29.
Juni
Westermeier, P.: Züchterische Optimierung
von Energiemais – Chance oder Risiko? 123.
VDLUFA-Kongress, Speyer, 13.-16. Sept.
Westermeier, P.: Sicherung von EnergiemaisErträgen durch züchterische Optimierung
der
Wassernutzungseffizienz.
HansEisenmann-Zentrum 2. Agrarwissenschaftliches
Symposium, Freising, 28. Sept.
Wiesmeier, M., Steffens, M., Kölbl, A., KögelKnabner, I.: Carbon sequestration in degraded semi-arid grasslands of Northern
China.- General Assembly 2011 of the European Geosciences Union in Vienna, Austria, 03.
- 08. April
Wiesmeier, M., Spörlein, P., Reischl, A., Schilling, B., von Lützow, M., Kögel-Knabner, I.:
Organische Kohlenstoffvorräte in land- und
forstwirtschaftlich genutzten Böden Bayerns. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Berlin, 03.-09. Sept.
Wissing, L., Kölbl, A., Cao, Z., Kögel-Knabner,
I.: Akkumulation von organischem Kohlenstoff während einer 2000-jährigen Nassreisbodengenese. Jahrestagung der Deutschen
Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, TU Berlin, 03.09. Sept.
Wimmer, V.: Bayesian models for the prediction of genetic values. Synbreed annual meeting, Ismaning, 11. Okt.
Windisch, W.: Moderne Tierernährung: Forschungsaufgaben und Perspektiven. 10.
Hochschultag des Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Freising-Weihenstephan, 08. Juli
Windisch, W.: The nutritional quality of egg.
Southern African Poultry Association, 105th
annual congress, Gauteng, Southern Africa, 31.
Mai – 02. Juni
ence: challenges and perspectives, Jülich,
05.-07. Sept.
Winterhalter,L, Mistele, B., Jampatong, S.,
Schmidhalter, U.: Hochdurchsatzerfassung
agronomisch wichtiger Parameter von Maissorten im vegetativen Stadium. Gemeinsame
Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pflanzenernährung e. V. und der Gesellschaft für
Pflanzenbauwissenschaften e. V., Tagungsthema: Stickstoff in Pflanze, Boden und Umwelt,
Kiel, 27.-29. Sept.
Wolfrum, S., Thoma-Rademacher, M., PapajaHülsbergen, S., Reents, H.-J., Kainz, M., Hülsbergen, K.-J.: Influences of crop rotation in
energy crops and biogas slurry application
on earthworm populations. Third Scientific
Conference of the International Society of Organic
Agriculture
Research
(ISOFAR),
Namyangju / Republic of Korea, 26. Sept.-05.
Okt.
Yue, X.: GreenWindowsTUM and Soil Nitrate
Quick Test Technologies: Applications in
China. Farmers´ Field Day of the GermanChinese project in Quzhou County, China, 30.
Sept.-01. Okt.
Zehetmeier, M., Gandorfer, M.: Effect of uncertainty on GHG emissions and economic
performance of increasing milk yields in
dairy farming. EAAP - 62nd Annual Meeting,
Stavanger (Norway), 29. Aug.
Zehetmeier, M., Gandorfer, M., Heissenhuber,
A.: Diskussion der Leistungssteigerung in
der Milchviehhaltung als mögliche Strategie
zur Reduktion von Treibhausgasemissionen.
Tagung: Diversifizierung versus Spezialisierung
in der Agrar- und Ernährungswirtschaft, Europäische Akademie Bozen (EURAC), Bozen, 04.
Okt.
Windisch, W.: Nachwachsende Rohstoffe als
Quelle neuer (alter) Futtermittel. 2. Agrarwissenschaftliches Symposium des Hans Eisenmann-Zentrums: Nachwachsende Rohstoffe;
Potentiale – Perspektiven – Konflikte, FreisingWeihenstephan, 28. Sept.
Zehetmeier, M.: Ökobilanzierung der Rindfleischerzeugung verschiedener Produktionssysteme dargestellt für Treibhausgase.
KTBL-Tagung Emissionen der Tierhaltung Treibhausgase, Umweltbewertung, Stand der
Technik, Kloster Banz, Bad Staffelstein, 06.
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Winterhalter, L., Mistele, B., Schmidhalter, U.:
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Windisch, W.: Phytogenic feed additives for
piglets and poultry. 32nd Western Nutrition
Conference - Quality from Complexity, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 13.-14. Sept., ISBN: 1896110-33-9
Wolfrum, S., Siebrecht, N., Kainz, M., Hülsbergen, K-J., Herzog, F.: BioBio - Indikatoren für
Biodiversität in biologischen und extensiven
Landwirtschaftssystemen. Wissenschaftliche
Expertentagung an der Internationalen Naturschutzakademie Insel Vilm, 16. - 20. Aug., 59–
64
Wolfrum, S., Thoma-Rademacher, M., PapajaHülsbergen, S., Reents, H.J., Kainz, M., Hüls-
performance of increasing milk yields in
dairy farming. Book of Abstracts, EAAP - 62nd
Annual Meeting, Stavanger, Norway, 163
Zehetmeier, M., Gandorfer, M., Heissenhuber, A.: Diskussion der Leistungssteigerung
in der Milchviehhaltung als mögliche Strategie zur Reduktion von Treibhausgasemissionen. 21. Jahrestagung der Österreichischen
Gesellschaft für Agrarökonomie, Bozen, Italien,
7-8
Zeitler-Feicht, M.H., Muggenthaler, K., Mühlbauer, A.-C.: Zur Tiergerechtheit von Gummimatten als Liegeunterlage in der Offenstallhaltung von Pferden. Tagungsbericht der
Deutschen Veterinärmedizinischen Gesellschaft
e.V. (DVG), Fachgruppe „Ethologie und Tierhaltung“, Verlag der DVG Service GmbH, Gießen,
223-239
4.3 Posterpräsentationen
Albrecht, T., Wimmer, V., Auinger, H.-J., Ouzunova, M., Knaak, C., Simianer, H., Schön, C.C.: Prediction of testcross performance in
maize with high density SNP data. 11. GABI
Statusseminar, Potsdam, 15.-17. März
maize with high density SNP data. 3rd Statseq workshop, Toulouse, 13.-14. April
maize with high density SNP data. XXII EU-
153
CARPIA Maize and Sorghum Conference,
Opatjia, 19.-22. Juni
Ali, A.S., Schieder, D., Sieber, V.: Pretreatments of egyptian rice straw for biofuel production. 2. Agrarwissenschaftliches Symposium des Hans Eisenmann-Zentrums der TU
München, Freising, 28. Sept.
Ali, A.S., Schieder, D., Sieber, V.: Machbarkeitsstudie „Hof-Bioraffinerie“, Kompetenzzentrum. 2. Agrarwissenschaftliches Symposium des Hans Eisenmann-Zentrums der TU
München, Freising, 28. Sept.
Bauer, R., Kellermann, A., Sieber, V.: Agronomische, phänotypische und genotypische
Charakterisierung
der
Kartoffelsorte
Schwarzblaue aus dem Frankenwald. 2. Agrarwissenschaftliches Symposium des Hans
Eisenmann-Zentrums der TU München, Freising, 28. Sept.
Baumer, B., Leuchs, S.: Genetically defined
animal models: A porcine artherosclerosis
model. 3rd Cardiac Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Conference 2011, San Servolo –
Venedig, Venice, Italy, 18.-20. Mai
Bischof, M., Ostertag M., Eichmann, R.,
Hückelhoven, R.: Transient-induced gene
silencing reveals important roles of retrograde transport, cell wall metabolism and
endoreduplication in regulating barleypowdery mildew interactions, Jahrestagung
Bitsch, V.: Social and Labor Aspects of Sustainability: Critical Issues Based on the Case
of the Stewardship Index for Specialty Crops
(SISC). European Association of Agricultural
Economics (EAAE) Congress Risk and Uncertainty: Challenges for Agriculture, Food and
Natural Resources, Zurich/Switzerland, 30.
Aug.-02. Sept.
Brunner, D., Riepl, H., Faulstich, M., Azaizeh,
H., Ahmed, T.: Enrichment of bioactive phenolic compounds from aqueous solution by
foam separation. 59 th International Congress
and Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research, Antalya, Türkei, 04.-09. Sept.
Buddenbaum, H., Steffens, M.: Three Dimensional Distribution of Chemical Properties in
Soil Profiles Using Laboratory Imaging
154
Spectroscopy, SVM and PLS Regression.EARSeL 7th SIG-Imaging Spectroscopy Workshop in Edinburgh, Austria, 11. - 13. April
Christmann, R., Riedel-Löschenbrand, B., Eser,
S., Dawo, U., Huber, W., Geist, J.: Auswirkungen von Mischungen auf aquatische Modellökosysteme: ein Vergleich zeitgleicher vs.
Versetzter Applikation der Pflanzenschutzmittel Karate® mit Zeon Technologie und
Callisto®, 27. Jahrestagung der Deutschen
Gesellschaft für Limnologie, Freising, 12.-16.
Sept.
Children’s Nutrition and Food Away from
Home in Canada. 8th World Congress on
Health Economics, Toronto, Canada, 11. Juli
Eichmann, R., Weis, C., Hückelhoven, R.: BAX
INHIBITOR-1 and structurally related proteins negatively regulate defense against
powdery mildew fungi, Jahrestagung des
Arbeitskreises Wirt-Parasit-Interaktion/ DPG,
Freising-Weihenstephan, 24.-25. März
Ellenrieder, J.: Substrataufbereitung – Optimierungspotenzial in der Biogastechnologie,
1st MSE-Colloquium (Munich School of Engineering), München, 18. Juli
Flisikowska, T. et al.: Large animal models of
serious human diseases. Transgenic Technology (TT) Meeting, St Pete Beach, Florida, USA,
24.-26. Okt.
Groeneveld, R., Berentse, P., Wesseler, J.:
Dominos in the dairy: an analysis of transgenic maize in Dutch dairy farming. 5th International Genetically Modified (GM) Crops Coexistence Conference, Vancouver, Canada, 26.28. Okt.
Hackl, H., Baresel, P., Mistele, B., Hu, Y.,
Schmidhalter, U.: Comparing thermal imaging
to IR thermometry and thermistor measurements to assess treatment and cultivar differences. 2nd International Plant Phenotyping
Symposium: Toward plant phenotyping science:
challenges and perspectives, Jülich, 05.-07.
Sept.
Hasenbein, M., Deanovic, L., Werner, I., Geist,
J., Connon, R.: Genomics in Environmental
Diagnostics: Health Assessments in Delta
Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus), CaliforniaNevada IEP conference, Folsom, CA, USA, 30.
März – 02. April
Haseneyer, G., Zhou, R., Schmutzer, T., Seidel,
M., Schön, C.-C., Stein, N., Mayer, K. F. X.,
Scholz, U., Bauer, E.: RYE-EXPRESS. 11. GABI Statusseminar, Potsdam, 15.-17. März
Hausladen, H., Adolf, B.: Specific activity of
selected fungicides to control early blight
(Alternaria spp.), EUROBLIGHT workshop,
Internationales Expertentreffen zur Kraut- und
Knollenfäule sowie zur Dürrfleckenkrankheit an
Kartoffeln, St. Petersburg, 09.-14. Okt.
Heckmann, M., Beucke, M., Harpert, T., Weiss,
P.: Hydraulische und Elektrische Energiewandler im Vergleich. Agritechnica 2011,
Hannover, 13.-19. Nov.
Heister, K.: Assessing biogeochemical interfaces in soil. Sino-German Frontiers of Science
Symposium, Berlin, 27.-30. April
Heister, K., Höschen, C., Müller, C.W., KögelKnabner, I.: Sample requirements for
NanoSIMS analysis in geobiosciences. 4.
Joint Nanoworkshop of the Danish Technical
University, TU Eindhoven and the TU München,
Garching, 1. Juni
Heizinger, V., Bernhardt, H.: Algorithmische
Systemanalyse unterschiedlicher Transportkonzepte in Ernteprozessketten für Siliergüter. 2. Agrarwissenschaftliches Symposium.
Hans Eisenmann-Zentrum, Freising – Weihenstephan, 28. Sept.
China Plain. Gemeinsame Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pflanzenernährung e.V.
und der Gesellschaft für Pflanzenbauwissenschaften e. V.: Stickstoff in Pflanze, Boden und Umwelt, Kiel, 27.-29. Sept.
Hübner, R., Kantelhardt, J.: Klimaschutz durch
Moorschutz: Strukturelle Unterschiede in
Akteursnetzwerken & Einstellungem zu
Landnutzungsänderungen. 2. Agrarwissenschaftliches Symposium des Hans EisenmannZentrum, Freising, 28. Sept.
Huesmann, C., Reiner,T., Höfle, C., Hückelhoven, R.: RAC/ROP interacting receptor-like
cytoplasmic kinases reveal distinct functions
in powdery mildew interaction of monocots
and dicots, Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises
Wirt-Parasit-Interaktion/DPG, Freising-Weihen
stephan, 24.-25. März
Janke, T., Ege, M., von Mutius, E., Fahn, C.,
Mayer, M., Bauer, J: Could exposition to fungal diversity protect against the development of allergic astma in early childhood? –
A cross-sectional study using PCR-SSCP
(Gabriela) 16. Congress of European Mycologists, Halkidiki, Griechenland, 19.-23. Sept.
Mayer, M., Bauer, J: Could exposition to fungal diversity protect against the development of allergic astma in early childhood? –
The cross-sectional GABRIELA Study. Symposium SFB/TR22, Lübeck, 26. - 28. Okt.
G., Rychlik, M.: Influence of crop health and
fungal contamination of spring barley on
mycotoxin content and malting quality. 33rd
European Brewery Convention Congress, Glasgow, 22.-26. Mai, 52
Mayer, M., Bauer, J.: Application of PCRSSCP for community analysis of asthma
protective fungi in mattress dust. IInteract
Munich 2011, München, 07. April
Höcker, N., Gresset, S., Ouzunova, M., Presterl,
T., Schön, C.-C., Westermeier, P., Westhoff, P.:
Optimizing wateruse efficiency of energy
maize to improve biomass yield. 11. GABI
Statusseminar, Potsdam, 15.-17. März
Janz, P., Dawo, U., Geist, J.: Die Kombinationswirkung zweier Pflanzenschutzmittel auf
das Phytoplankton, 27. Jahrestagung der
Deutschen Gesellschaft für Limnologie, Freising, 09-12. Sept.
Höschen, C., Heister, K., Müller, C.W., KögelKnabner, I.: Employment of the NanoscaledSIMS in Soil Science. 21st V.M. Goldschmidt
Conference, Prague, Czech Republic, 14.-19.
Aug.
Kästner, A., Schieder, D., Faulstich, M., Sieber,
V.: Separation of Acetic Acid from Aqueous
Medium by Lipase Catalyzed Esterification,
1st European Congress of Applied Biotechnology der DECHEMA Gesellschaft für Chemische
Technik und Biotechnologie e.V., Berlin, 25.29. Sept.
Hu, Y., Poschenrieder, C., Song, Z.W., Lu, L.,
Schmidhalter, U.: A soil survey for current
fertility, pH and EC of greenhouses with intensive vegetable cultivation in the North
Kästner, A., Schieder, D., Faulstich, M., Sieber,
V.: Lipase Catalyzed Esterfication and Ex-
155
traction of Acetic Acid from Fermentation
Broth, Biotrans 2011, Messina, Italien, 02.06. Okt.
Kipp, S., Mistele, B., Schmidhalter, U.: Influence of external effects on the accuracy of
active canopy sensors. 2nd International Plant
Phenotyping Symposium: Toward plant phenotyping science: challenges and perspectives,
Jülich, 05.-07. Sept.
Klein, C., Hoffmann, P., Priesack, E.: Quantifying regional effects of climate change by
coupling a climate model with land surface
and vegetation models. REKLIM 1.Status
Workshop, Bremerhaven, 29.-30. März
Kolb, M., Schieder, D., Faulstich, M., Sieber, V.:
Potential Inhibitions of Delignification Products on Cellullase and Xylanase Activity. 3rd
Nordic Wood Biorefinery Conference NWBC,
Stockholm, Sweden, 22.-24. März
Kourist, R: Redesigning the active site of
arylmalonate decarboxylase variants for
improved racemising and decarboxylating
activity. Biotrans 2011, Giardini-Naxos, Sizilien,
02-06. Okt.
Kreuzpaintner, A., Meyer, J.: „Gläserne Produktion“ -Dokumentation und Bewertung
des Ressourcenverbrauches am Beispiel der
Gemüseproduktion im Gewächshaus. Internationale Pflanzenmesse 2011, Essen, 24.-27.
Januar
Kreuzpaintner, A., Meyer, J.: Automatic
documentation and evaluation of the production processes in protected cultivation.
Greensys 2011, Halkidiki, Griechenland, 05.-10
Juni
Leopold, M., Völkel, J., Dethier, D., Huber, J.,
Steffens, M.: Characteristics of a paleosol
and its implication for the Critical Zone development, Rocky Mountain Front Range of
Colorado, USA.- Ninth International Symposium on Geochemistry of the Earth’s Surface in
Boulder, USA, 03. - 07. Juni
Lindig, S., Balden, M., Alimov, V. Kh., Manhard,
A., Höschen, C., Höschen, T., TyburskaPüschel, B., Roth, J.: Subsurface structures
on rolled on re-crystalline W after D bombardment. 13th International Workshop on
Plasma-Facing Materials and Components for
Fusion Applications / 1st International Confer-
156
ence on Fusion Energy Materials Science
Rosenheim, 09.-13. Mai
Müller, J., Faulstich, M.: Branchen- und technologieübergreifende Ansätze im Strategiebereich Ressourceneffizienz, 2. Statusseminar des Förderschwerpunktes "Innovative
Technologien für Ressourceneffizienz – rohstoffintensive Produktionsprozesse", Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Berlin,
26.-27. Okt.
Olearius, G., Roosen, J.: Regionaler Wettbewerb im Lebensmitteleinzelhandel: Auswirkungen regionaler Einkaufsgewohnheiten
und Soziodemographika auf die Struktur im
Lebensmitteleinzelhandel. 51. Jahrestagung
der GEWISOLA „Unternehmerische Landwirtschaft zwischen Marktanforderungen und gesellschaftlichen Erwartungen“, Halle, 28.-30.
Sept.
Pick, A., Ruehmann, B., Schmid, J., Sieber, V.:
Escherichia coli: Still unexhausted source of
new biocatalysts. Biotrans, Giardini-Naxos,
02.-07. Nov.
Priesack, E., Bittner, S., Janott, M.: Application
of a new model of water flow in soil-plant
system. 3rd European Geosciences Union
General Assembly 2011, Wien, 03-08. April
Priesack, E., Bittner, S., Janott, M.: Application
of a new model of water flow in soil-plant
system. 3rd iLEAPS Science Conference,
Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 18.-23. Sept.
Pronk, G.J., Heister, K., Woche, S. K., Totsche,
K. U., Kögel-Knabner, I.: Combining Specific
Surface Area and Organic Matter Content to
Determine the Phenanthrene Sorptive Interface of an Arable Topsoil, Deutsche
Bodenkundliche Gesellschaft, Jahrestagung,
Berlin, 03. – 09. Sept.
Reiter, J., Strittmatter, H., Kolb, M., Schieder,
D., Wiemann, L.O., Sieber, V.: Monomer release from lignin by ether cleaving enzymes.
15th Annual Green Chemistry & Engineering
Conference, Washington, DC, USA, 21.-23.
Juni
Reiter, J., Strittmatter, H., Wiemann, L. O.,
Schieder, D., Sieber, V.: Enzymatic Cleavage
of ß-Arylether Linkages in Lignin. 3rd Nordic
Wood Biorefinery Conference NWBC, Stockholm, Sweden, 23.-24. März
Reiter, J., Strittmatter, H., Kolb, M., Schieder,
D., Wiemann, L.O., Sieber, V.: Enzymatic cleavage of the ß-O-4 ethers in Lignin. 7th International Congress “Forum Life Science”, Garching, 22.-24. März
Reiter, J., Strittmatter, H., Wiemann, L. O.,
Schieder, D., Sieber, V.: Enzymatic Monomer
Release in Lignin. 1st European Congress of
Applied Biotechnology together with 29th
DECHEMA´s Biotechnology Meeting, Berlin,
25.-29. Sept.
Richter, T. et al.: Multipotent and pluripotent
rabbit stem cells. Stem Cell Network Congress 2011 – 6th International Meeting, Essen,
05. – 06. April
Rohowsky, B., Platzer, K., Würzbauer, M.,
Gladis, A., Faulstich, M.: Simultaneous Saccharification and Juice Co-Fermentation of
Liquid Hot Water Pretreated Sweet Sorghum
Bagasse, XIX ISAF 2011 – International Symposium on Alcohol Fuels, Verona, Italien, 10.14. Okt.
Schmidhalter, U., Hu, Y.: Innovative nitrogen
management technologies to improve agricultural production and environmental protection in intensive Chinese agriculture. Grüne Woche, Berlin, 21.-30. Januar
Wiemann, L.O., Sieber, V.: Lipase-mediated
reaction systems for the epoxidation of
monoterpenes. Biotrans 2011, Giardini Naxos,
Sicily, 02.-06. Okt.
Wiesmeier, M., Steffens, M., Kölbl, A., KögelKnabner, I.: Carbon sequestration in degraded semi-arid grasslands of Northern
China. European Geosciences Union General
Assembly, Vienna, Austria, 03.-08. April
Wimmer, V., Albrecht, T., Auinger, H.-J., Schön,
C.-C.: The synbreed R package. 3rd Statseq
workshop, Toulouse, 13.-14. April
Witzelsperger, J., Rohowsky, B., Haselbeck, S.,
Häßler, T., Remmele, E.: Conservation of
sugar content in sweet sorghum by using
formic acid, XIX ISAF 2011 – International
Symposium on Alcohol Fuels, Verona, Italien,
10.-14. Okt.
performance for increasing milk yields in
dairy farming. IDF World Dairy Summit, Parma,
Italien, 15.-19. Okt.
Schwaiger, K., Timke, M., Kostrzewa M.: Genus and reliable species identification of
cronobacter spp. by MALDI-TOF MS, Jahrestagung der Vereinigung für Allgemeine und
Angewandte Mikrobiologie (VAAM), Karlsruhe,
03. - 06. April
Schwaiger, K., Timke M., Kostrzewa, M.: Secure identification of cronobacter spp. by
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, 4th Congress of the European Microbiologists FEMS
2011 Geneva, Switzerland, Genf, Schweiz, 26. 30. Juni
Seifert, H.: Räumliche Verbreitung ausgewählter Baumarten in Europa und deren GIS
Analyse in Abhängigkeit von Klimafaktoren,
agit 2011: Symposium und Fachmesse für Angewandte Geoinformatik, Salzburg, 06.-08. Juli
Weis, C., Hückelhoven, R., Eichmann, R.: Identification of putative interaction partners of
BAX
INHIBITOR-1
using
a
coimmunoprecipitation assay, Jahrestagung
157
IV. Beteiligungen an Forschungsverbünden
und Mitarbeit in wissenschaftlichen Gremien
1. Beteiligungen an nationalen und internationalen Forschungsverbünden und
Exzellenznetzwerken
Name
Forschungsverbünde / Exzellenznetzwerke
Dr. G. Abate Kassa
Evaluating Innovation and Promoting Success in Community and
Regional Food Systems (Multi-state research project, USA.),Large
urban school district multi-state research project, USA
Wirtschaftslehre des Landbaus
Dr. J.-P. Baresel
Pflanzenernährung
Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. J. Bauer
Tierhygiene
Dr. E. Bauer
Pflanzenzüchtung
A. Beier, Dipl. oec. troph.
SOLIBAM: Strategies for Organic and Low-Input Integrated
Breeding and Management (EU-Projekt); OSCAR: Optimising
Subsidiary Crop Application in Rotations (EU-Projekt)
EFRAIM: Mechanisms of early protective exposures on allergy
development (EU-Projekt); SFB TR 22: Allergische Immunantwort
der Lunge (DFG)
RYE SELECT: Strategien zur genombasierten Präzisionszüchtung
bei Roggen (BMBF); GABI RYE-EXPRESS: Establishing a highdensity transcript map in rye based on stress-induced genes
(BMBF); GABI RYE-FROST: Exploiting allelic and phenotypic diversity for frost tolerance in winter rye (BMBF); GABI TILL: Expansion and use of the GABI-TILLING platform for crop gene function
analysis (Teilprojekt F: Roggen) (BMBF); Charakterisierung von
Resistenzquellen gegen das Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus –
SBCMV und das Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus – WSSMV in
genetischen Ressourcen von Roggen sowie deren Nutzung für die
Züchtung virusresistenter Sorten (BMELV); Plant-KBBE Cornfed –
Von Biodiversität zur Biomasse: Integration innovativer Genotypisierungs- und Phänotypisierungsmethoden zum Auffinden von
Schlüsselallelen für die Entwicklung von Energiemaisideotypen
(BMBF); Untersuchungen zur Genetik der Resistenz aus der Sonnenblumenwildart H. argophyllus gegen den Falschen Mehltau
(Plasmopara halstedii) (DFG); Genetische Analyse komplexer Eigenschaften: Hauptkomponenten der Trockentoleranz und wachstumsbezogener Merkmale in Mais (DFG)
Förderung der Nachhaltigkeit in der bayerischen Lebensmittelwirtschaft und der Verbreitung nachhaltiger Produkte (Cluster Ernährung, BayStMELF)
Prof. Dr. H. Bernhard
ForNeBiK Straubing
Agrarsystemtechnik
E. Dasch, Dipl. oec. troph.
Dr. L.S. Drescher
Network on the Economics of Food Choice and Health (DFG)
Betriebswirtschaftslehre – Marketing
und Konsumforschung
Dr. A. Dümig
Bodenkunde
K. Engelmann, Dipl.-Ing.
Ökologischer Landbau und Pflanzenbausysteme
Prof. Dr. Ing. M. Faulstich
Rohstoff- und Energietechnologie
IV. Wissenschaftliche Zusammenarbeit
SFB-TRR 38: Strukturen und Prozesse der initialen Ökosystementwicklung in einem künstlichen Wassereinzugsgebiet
Nachhaltige landwirtschaftliche Produktion in der Wertschöpfungskette Lebensmittel (Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt)
Forschungsverbund Energieeffiziente Technologien und Anwendungen (ForEta); Forschungsverbund Innovative Schichten zur
Verschleißreduktion (ForLayer); r2 Innovative Technologien für
Ressourceneffizienz-Rohstoffintensive
Produktionsprozesse
(BMBF); Waste to Energy Research and Technology Council
161
(WtERT); Bayerische Forschungsverbünde in der Bayerischen
Forschungsallianz GmbH
P. Feichtinger
VolkswirtschaftslehreUmweltökonomie und Agrarpolitik
A. Fichtinger
Geoinformationssysteme
H. Frank, M.Sc.
FACTOR MARKETS: Comparative Analysis of Factor Markets for
Agriculture across the Member States (EU-Projekt)
HUMBOLDT-Development of a Framework for Data Harmonisation and Service Integration (EU Projekt FP6 SIP5-CT-2006030962)
Klimawirkungen und Nachhaltigkeit ökologischer und konventioneller Betriebssysteme – Untersuchungen in einem Netzwerk von
Pilotbetrieben (BLE, BÖL 06OE160, BÖL 06OE353, BMELV)
Dr. R. Franz
Evaluation des EU-Schulfrucht-Programmes in Bayern
Prof. Dr. R. Fries
Tierzucht
Dr. M. Gandorfer
Innovationscluster Synbreed: Kompetenznetz zur Gründung eines
interdisziplinären Zentrums zur genombasierten Züchtungsforschung bei Nutzpflanzen und Nutztieren (BMBF); MeGA-M: Metabolomische und genomische Analysen der Milch für gesunde
Milchkühe (Fugato-plus, BMBF); GenoTrack: HochdurchsatzSNP-Typisierung für die genomische Selektion beim Rind, Assoziationsstudien und populationsgenetische Analysen des Rindergenoms (Fugato-plus, BMBF); BRAIN: Entwicklung eines Expertensystems zum Transfer der Ergebnissen der funktionalen Nutztiergenomforschung in Zuchtprogrammen (Fugato-plus, BMBF); Klinische, molekulargenetische und pathophysiologische Aufklärung
einer erblichen Zinkaufnahmestörung in der Fleckvieh-Population
(Universität Bayern e.V., Förderverein Biotechnologieforschung)
TAPAC – the TransAtlantic Precision Agriculture Consortium
(USDA-CSREES International Science and Education Program)
Dr. B. Gum
Koordinationsstelle für Muschelschutz (LfU)
Aquatische Systembiologie
Dr. G. Haseneyer
Pflanzenzüchtung
Dr. K. Heil
Pflanzenernährung
Dr. K. Heister
Bodenkunde
Dr. S. Hsam
Pflanzenzüchtung
J. Huber
162
GABI RYE-EXPRESS: Establishing a high-density transcript map
in rye based on stress-induced genes (BMBF); Detecting footprints of selection in rye (Secale cereale L.) - unraveling the past
for future crop improvement (DFG)
Crop Sense: Komplexe Sensorik für Nutzpflanzenforschung,
Züchtung und Bestandssteuerung: Erfassung der Bodenheterogenität in Zuchtgärten und im Feldversuchswesen (BMBF)
SPP 1315: Biogeochemical Interfaces in Soil (DFG); SOWACOR:
Soil, Water and Coastal Resources (Universität Utrecht und King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi
Arabien)
Weizen Molekulare Marker: Entwicklung von Weizenlinien mit
neuartigen Stärkeeigenschaften, Teilvorhaben 2: Entwicklung und
Identifizierung molekularer Marker (BMELV)
Nachwachsende Rohstoffe – neue Nutzungssysteme bereichern
die Kulturlandschaft? Forschungsantrag (Phase III), Umsetzung
praxisbasierter Feldmodellprojekte zur Etablierung einer extensiven Landnutzungsstrategie auf der Grundlage einer Flexibilisierung des Kompensationsinstrumentariums der Eingriffsregelung
aufbauend auf der vorbereitenden Studie (Phase I)
Prof. Dr. R. Hückelhoven
Phytopathologie
Prof. Dr. K.-J. Hülsbergen
M. Kainz, Dipl.-Ing.
Dr. K. v. Koerber
Prof. Dr. I. Kögel-Knabner
Bodenkunde
Dr. A. Kölbl
GABI Phenome: A research consortium for gene-phenotype relationships pathogen-attacked barley (BMBF); SPP1212: Mikrobielle
Umprogrammierung pflanzlicher Zellen (DFG); FOR666: Mechanisms of compatibility (DFG); Arbeitsschwerpunkt Klima: Konsortium zur Erarbeitung von Grundlagen zur Klima/Stressresistenz von
Kulturpflanzen (BayStMELF); SFB 924: Molecular mechanisms
regulating yield and yield stability in plants; TP B08: Transkriptionelle und metabolische Muster der Gerste für basale Krankheitsresistenz und –anfälligkeit gegenüber Mehltau (DFG); Barley
FORTRESS: Gezielte Nutzung von Genen der basalen Abwehr für
Pathogenresistenz in Gerste (BMBF)
BioBio: Indicators for biodiversity in organic and low-input farming
systems (EU-Projekt FP7 KBBE-2008-2B); Klimawirkungen und
Nachhaltigkeit ökologischer und konventioneller Betriebssysteme
– Untersuchungen in einem Netzwerk von Pilotbetrieben (BLE,
BÖL 06OE160, BÖL 06OE353, BMELV); Regionale Treibhausgasflüsse in Kleegras-Weizensystemen (BMELV); Nachwachsende
Rohstoffe – neue Nutzungssysteme bereichern die Kulturlandschaft? Forschungsantrag (Phase III), Umsetzung praxisbasierter
Feldmodellprojekte zur Etablierung einer extensiven Landnutzungsstrategie auf der Grundlage einer Flexibilisierung des Kompensationsinstrumentariums der Eingriffsregelung aufbauend auf
der vorbereitenden Studie (Phase I) und der Findungsphase (Phase II)
systems (EU-Projekt FP7 KBBE-2008-2B)
Biogeochemistry of Paddy Soil Evolution (DFG); SPP 1315: Biogeochemical Interfaces in Soil (DFG); Competitive Mechanisms of
Water and Nitrogen Partitioning in Beech-Dominated Deciduous
Forests (DFG); MAGIM: Matter fluxes in grasslands of Inner Mongolia as influenced by stocking rate (DFG); SFB-TRR 38: Strukturen und Prozesse der initialen Ökosystementwicklung in einem
künstlichen Wassereinzugsgebiet
Biogeochemistry of Paddy Soil Evolution (DFG)
Bodenkunde
I. Koller
Dr. M. Livaja
Pflanzenzüchtung
Dr. F.X. Maidl
Dr. D. Massa
Pflanzenzüchtung
ROHMI: Preisbildung und Wettbewerb auf räumlich differenzierten
Märkten – Simulation und Analyse komplexer Marktstrukturen am
Beispiel des Rohmilchmarktes (DFG)
Cornet: Verbesserung der Ertragsstabilität bei Winterweizensorten
unter Umweltstressbedingungen (BMWi); SUNRISE: Genomics
assisted breeding in sunflower for better yield potential, stability
and efficiency (BMBF); Cornet: Improving nitrogen use efficiency
in European winter wheat under drought stress (BMWi)
Untersuchungen zur Eignung und Optimierung eines Pflanzensensors für die bedarfsspezifische Ausbringung von Stickstoffdünger
zu
unterschiedlichen
Kulturpflanzen.
Förderkennzeichen
KF2271404SA1, AiF-Projekt GmbH des Bundesministeriums für
Wirtschaft und Technologie (BMWi)
Cornet: Improving nitrogen use efficiency in European winter
wheat under drought stress (BMWi)
163
Prof. Dr. J. Meyer
Technik im Gartenbau
Prof. Dr. H.H.D. Meyer
Physiologie
Prof. Dr. J.C. Munch
Bodenökologie
Dr. M. Neumüller
Zineg: Zukunftsinitiative Niedrigenergiegewächshaus im Gartenbau
Coordinated Research Project der Internationalen Atomenergiebehörde (IAEA) - 13 Nationen: Development of radiometric and
allied analytical methods to strengthen national residue control
programs for antibiotic and anthelmintic veterinary drug residues
SFB 607 - Wachstum und Parasitenabwehr? Wettbewerb um
Ressourcen in Nutzpflanzen aus Land- und Forstwirtschaft Growth and Parasite Defense Competition of Resources in Economic Plants from Forestry and Agronomy; SFB TR 38: Strukturen
und Prozesse der initialen Ökosystementwicklung in einem künstlichen Wassereinzugsgebiet; SPP1315: Biogeochemical Interfaces
in Soil; SPP 1448: Biogeochemistry of paddy soil evolution; FOR
566: Veterinary Medicines in Soils: Basic Research for Risk Analysis (DFG); FOR 788: Competitive Mechanisms of Water and Nitrogen Partitioning in Beech-Dominated Deciduous Forests (DFG);
Biodiversitäts-Exploratorien (DFG); BayFORKAST: Auswirkungen
des Klimas auf Ökosysteme und klimatische Anpassungsstrategien; Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe FKZ 220-118-05,
Erfassung funktioneller hydrolytischer Netzwerke in Biogasanlagen
mittels Mikroarraytechnologie; NoE EVOLTREE: EVOLution of
TREEs as drivers of terrestrial biodiversity (EU-Projekt)
SharCo (EU-Projekt)
Obstbau
J. Peter, M.Sc.
Pilotbetrieben (BLE, BÖL 06OE160, BÖL 06OE353, BMELV); Regionale Treibhausgasflüsse in Kleegras-Weizensystemen (BMELV)
PD Dr. E. Priesack
REKLIM: Regionale Klimaänderungen (HGF-BMBF)
Bodenökologie
Dr. A. Profeta
Volkswirtschaftslehre –
Umweltökonomie und Agrarpolitik
Dr. M.J. Punt
Agrar- und Ernährungswirtschaft
Dr. H.J. Reents
Prof. Dr. J. Roosen
Betriebswirtschaftslehre – Marketing
und Konsumforschung
Prof. Dr. K. Salhofer
164
EU Qualitätspolitik für Agrarprodukte und Lebensmittel - Nutzung
des EU-Herkunftsschutzes für bayerische Spezialitäten
PRICE: Practical Implementation of Coexistence in Europe (EU),
MarBEF: Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning (EU)
Pilotbetrieben (BLE, BÖL 06OE160, BÖL 06OE353, BMELV)
ANR-DFG Projekt Friskreg: Food Risk Regulation; Verbundprojekts Web 2.0: Interaktive Informationsprozesse in der kooperativen Verbraucherpolitik - Beispiel Lebensmitteleinzelhandel
(StMJV); Der Nutzen Internet-basierter Informationsrückkoppelung
bei Qualitätssicherungssystemen (StMELF); Network on the Economics of Food Choice and Health (DFG)
FACTOR MARKETS: Comparative Analysis of Factor Markets for
Agriculture across the Member States (EU-Projekt); A politicaleconomy model for Norwegian agriculture (Norwegian Agricultural
Economics Research Institute); Forschungskooperation: University
of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Norwegian Agricultural Economics Research Professure, University of Helsinki; Forschungskooperation: University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki; Forschungskooperation:
Österreichisches
WirtschaftsforschungsProfessur,
Bundesanstalt für Agrarwirtschaft, Wien; Forschungskooperation:
Professur für Agrarentwicklung in Mittel- und Osteuropa, Halle
(Saale)
Prof. Dr. M. Schilcher
H. Schmid, Dipl.-Ing.
Prof. Dr. U. Schmidhalter
Pflanzenernährung
Dr. M. Schmolke
Pflanzenzüchtung
Prof. Dr. A. Schnieke
Biotechnologie der Nutztiere
Prof. Dr. H. Schnyder
Grünlandlehre
Prof. V. Sieber
Chemie Biogener Rohstoffe
N. Siebrecht, Dipl.-Ing.
Prof. Dr. C.-C. Schön
Pflanzenzüchtung
HUMBOLDT-Development of a Framework for Data Harmonisation and Service Integration (EU Projekt FP6 SIP5-CT-2006030962)
Pilotbetrieben (BLE, BÖL 06OE160, BÖL 06OE353, BMELV); Regionale Treibhausgasflüsse in Kleegras-Weizensystemen (BMELV);
Nachwachsende Rohstoffe – neue Nutzungssysteme bereichern
die Kulturlandschaft? Forschungsantrag (Phase III), Umsetzung
praxisbasierter Feldmodellprojekte zur Etablierung einer extensiven Landnutzungsstrategie auf der Grundlage einer Flexibilisierung des Kompensationsinstrumentariums der Eingriffsregelung
aufbauend auf der vorbereitenden Studie (Phase I) und der Findungsphase (Phase II)
Entwicklung einer Hochdurchsatzsensorik zum Screening agronomischer und physiologischer Eigenschaften von Kulturpflanzen
im Feldversuchswesen (BLE); Innovatives Stickstoffmanagement
und innovative Technologien zur Verbesserung der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion und zum Schutz der Umwelt in der chinesischen Intensivlandwirtschaft (BMBF); Simulated field environment
with combined salt and drought stresses as a platform for phenotyping plant tolerance to salinity (DFG); AgroClustEr: CROP SENSE –Komplexe Sensorik für Nutzpflanzenforschung, Züchtung und
Bestandessteuerung (BMBF); Bewertung und Optimierung der
Nährstoff-, Humus- u. Umweltwirkungen von Gärrückständen aus
der Biogasgewinnung (BStMELF); Ertrags- und Qualitätssicherheit
durch kontrollierten Trockenstress (BStMELF); Ureaseinhibitoren
zur Senkung der Ammoniakemissionen in der Landwirtschaft:
Minimierung gasförmiger NH3-, NOx- und N2O-Verluste nach Anwendung von Harnstoffdüngern mit Ureaseinhibitoren in Zusammenarbeit mit Stickstoffwerke Piesteritz GmbH (SKW)
QualityNet: Integrierte Entwicklung von Selektionswerkzeugen für
die Backqualität bei Weizen auf der Basis molekularer Marker und
spektroskopischer Verfahren (BMWi); Cornet: Verbesserung der
Ertragsstabilität bei Winterweizensorten unter Umweltstressbedingungen (BMWi)
DFG Transregio Research Unit 535 “Xenotransplantation”;
COLONVIEW: Früherkennung und intraoperative Lokalisation des
Kolonkarzinoms (BMBF); EndoMed: Frühdiagnose von intraepithelialen Neoplasien und Karzinomen des Magens mittels molekularer
Fluoreszenzendoskopie (BMBF); M4 Spitzencluster Personalisierte
Medizin; Forschungsverbund für zellbasierte Regeneration im Alter
(FORZEBRA)
Landuse area coordinator Indo-German Centre for Sustainability
(IGCS)
ChiBio – Entwicklung einer integrierten Bioraffinerie für die Aufarbeitung von chitinhaltigen Abfällen zu Spezial- und Feinchemikalien (EU-Projekt)
Synbreed S: Innovationscluster synergistische Pflanzen- und Tierzüchtung, Strukturprojekte S1, S2; Synbreed A + R: Innovationscluster synergistische Pflanzen- und Tierzüchtung, Verbund Anwendung und Ressourcen (BMBF); RYE SELECT: Strategien zur
genombasierten Präzisionszüchtung bei Roggen (BMBF); Geneti-
165
sche Analyse komplexer Eigenschaften: Hauptkomponenten der
Trockentoleranz und wachstumsbezogener Merkmale in Mais
(DFG); Plant-KBBE Cornfed: Von Biodiversität zur Biomasse: Integration innovativer Genotypisierungs- und Phänotypisierungsmethoden zum Auffinden von Schlüsselallelen für die Entwicklung
von Energiemaisideotypen (BMBF); Optimais: Verbesserung der
Biomasse-Syntheseleistung durch züchterische Optimierung der
Wassernutzungseffizienz von Energiemais (BMBF); Weizen Molekulare Marker: Entwicklung von Weizenlinien mit neuartigen Stärkeeigenschaften, Teilvorhaben 2: Entwicklung und Identifizierung
molekularer Marker (BMELV); Cornet: Improving nitrogen use efficiency in European winter wheat under drought stress (BMWi)
Dr. S.E. Ulbrich
Physiologie
Dr. E. Viturro
Physiologie
Prof. Dr. Dr. J. Völkel
Geomorphologie und Bodenkunde
Prof. Dr. J. Wesseler
Dr. P. Westermeier
Pflanzenzüchtung
S. Wolfrum, Dipl.-Ing.
166
Mechanismen der embryo-maternalen Kommunikation: TP P2:
Embryo-maternale Immunmodulation während der Frühgravidität
(FUGATO-plus – REMEDY) (BMBF)
DAAD: Forschungskooperation mit dem NDRI, Indien: Mechanisms of cholesterol transfer into milk – a comparative gene expression and matabolism study in buffalo and cattle
Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory BcCZO (Exzellenznetzwerk CZEN, National Science Foundation NSF, U.S.A.); Slope
Sediments and Soils within the Critical Zone. DFG, NSF USA;
Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ), „Paläoklimaforschung anhand terrestrischer Geoarchive im südlichen Afrika“,
in Kooperation mit Deutschem Luft- und Raumfahrtzentrum (DLR)
und European Space Agency (ESA, ESRIN), Frascati, Italy; Transregio-SFB TR 38, BTU Cottbus, TU München, ETH Zürich
PRICE: Practical Implementation of Coexistence in Europe (EU).
SURE: SUstainable Natural REsource Use in Rural China (KNAWNL/MOST-CH). EXIOPOL: A new environmental accounting framework using externality data and input-output tools for policy
analysis (EU)
Optimais: Verbesserung der Biomasse-Syntheseleistung durch
züchterische Optimierung der Wassernutzungseffizienz von Energiemais (BMBF); Nachhaltige Sicherung der Körnermaisproduktion
durch Verbesserung der Resistenz gegen Maiszünsler (BMELV)
2. Mitgliedschaft in wissenschaftlichen Gremien
Name
Position / Wissenschaftliches Gremium
Dr. G. Abate Kassa
Member of the National MarketMaker Network Advisory Board,
U.S.A.
Tierarzneimittelfachbereich des BStMUG
Tierhygiene
Prof. Dr. H. Bernhardt
Fachausschuss Forschung und Lehre, VDI-Fachbereich, MaxEyth-Gesellschaft Agrartechnik, Düsseldorf; Fachausschuss Technik in der Pflanzenproduktion, Deutsche LandwirtschaftsGesellschaft Frankfurt; Fachausschuss Technik in der Tierproduktion, Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft Frankfurt
Agrarsystemtechnik
Prof. Dr. V. Bitsch
Ökonomik des
Landschaftsbaus
Gartenbaus
und
Prof. Dr. M. Faulstich
Dr. M. Gandorfer
Prof. Dr. J. Geist
Mitglied der Expertengruppe Qualifikation und Mitglied der forschungsbegleitenden Arbeitsgruppe, BMELV-Verbundprojekt
Zukunftsstrategie Gartenbau
Mitglied im Executive Board der IFAT Entsorga – Weltleitmesse für
Wasser-, Abwasser-, Abfall- und Rohstoffwirtschaft; Mitglied der
Expertenkommission Energieforschung und Energietechnologien
der Bayerischen Staatsregierung; Conference General Chairman
der 19th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition 2011;
Mitglied des Expertenbeirats Siedlungsabfallwirtschaft Baden
Württemberg; Mitglied im Programmbeirat des Nationalen F&EProgramms für neue Ressourcentechnologien (BMBF); Mitglied im
Beirat des VDI Zentrums Ressourceneffizienz (VDI ZRE); Mitglied
des Beirats des Instituts der Regionen Europas (IRE) Salzburg;
Mitglied des Beirats des Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI) der Nanyang Technological University
Singapur; Vors. des Sachverständigenrat für Umweltfragen der
Bundesregierung (SRU); Mitglied im Kuratorium ifo-Institut für
Wirtschaftsforschung München; Wiss. Beirat des PotsdamInstituts für Klimafolgenforschung; Internationaler Beirat des AdMaS-Advanced Materials, Structures und Technologies-Centre
Brno University; Internationaler Beirat der International Sakharov
Environmental University, Minsk; Kuratorium des Fraunhofer Instituts für Verfahrenstechnik und Verpackung (IVV), Freising; Forum
Wissenschaft der Metropolregion Nürnberg; Stv. Vors. der Tyczka
Energie Stiftung, Geretsried; Politisch-wiss. Beirat des Bundesverbandes BioEnergie (BBE), Berlin
Wiss. Beirat der Gesellschaft für Informatik in der Land-, Forstund Ernährungswirtschaft (GIL)
Aquatische Systembiologie
Wiss. Beirat EU/EU LIFE (Frankreich, BeNeLux); Ausschuss für
Fischerei und Gewässerschutz; Förderkolleg der Bayerischen
Akademie der Wissenschaften
M. Heckmann, Dipl.-Ing. agr.
Mitglied im Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (VDI)
Agrarsystemtechnik
Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. A. Heißenhuber
R. Hübner, MSc.
Wiss. Beirat für Agrarpolitik des BMELV; Beirat für Biodiversität
und genetische Ressourcen des BMELV; Deutscher Rat für Landespflege, Bonn; Leiter des wiss. Kuratoriums der Bayerischen
Akademie Ländlicher Raum, München
Mitglied in der Agricultural Economics Society (AES)
Prof. Dr. K.-J. Hülsbergen
Wissenschaftlicher Beirat für Düngungsfragen beim BMELF; Arbeitsgruppe Boden und Landmanagement des Forschungs- und
Technologierats Bioökonomie an der Deutschen Akademie der
167
Technikwissenschaften acatech; Arbeitsgemeinschaft „Systembewertung“ des Kuratoriums für Technik und Bauwesen in der
Landwirtschaft; Arbeitsgemeinschaft „Ökologischer Landbau“ des
Kuratoriums für Technik und Bauwesen in der Landwirtschaft;
Beirat für den Nationalpark Berchtesgaden des BStMUG; Bundesfachausschuss Grundlagen des organisch-biologischen Landbaus; Institut für Nachhaltige Landwirtschaft e.V. Halle (Saale);
Ausschuss für Pflanzenernährung der Deutschen LandwirtschaftsGesellschaft (DLG); Kommission Landwirtschaft am Umweltbundesamt (KLU); Arbeitskreis Umwelt des Fachverbandes Biogas;
Geschäftsführender Direktor des Lehr- und Forschungsverbundes
Agrar- und Gartenbauwissenschaften Weihenstephan
Dr. M. Klaus
Bodenordnung und Landentwicklung
Bodenkunde
Dr. K. v. Koerber
Prof. Dr. H. Magel
168
Ordentliches Mitglied der Bayerischen Akademie Ländlicher Raum
e.V.; Arbeitskreis 5 „Landmanagement“ des Deutschen Vereins für
Vermessungswesen – Gesellschaft für Geoinformation und Landmanagement (DVW); Mitglied in der Studienkommission Geodäsie
und Geoinformation; Gründungsmitglied des „Förderkreis Bodenordnung und Landentwicklung – München e.V.“
Mitglied im Kuratorium der Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften
und Rohstoffe, Hannover; Mitglied der DFG-Senatskommission für
Stoffe und Ressourcen in der Landwirtschaft seit 1996, Vorsitz seit
2006; Mitglied im Vorstand des Bayerischen Forschungsverbunds
Abfallforschung und Reststoffverwertung (Bayforrest); Mitglied im
Ausschuss Forschungsbauten des Wissenschaftsrats; Mitglied im
Senat und Hauptausschuss der DFG
Mitglied der Registrierungskommission der Deutschen Gesellschaft der qualifizierten Ernährungstherapeuten und Ernährungsberater – QUETHEB e. V.; Mitglied der Anerkennungskommission
Verarbeitung, Bioland e. V. Bundesverband; Mitglied der Jury des
Projekts „2°Campus – unser Klima, deine Zukunft“ des World
Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)
Program director des englischsprachigen postgradualen Masterstudiengangs "Land Management and Land Tenure" der TUM;
Mitglied der Studienkommission für Geodäsie und Geoinformation
an der TUM; Stellvertretender Vorsitzender des "Förderkreis Bodenordnung und Landentwicklung - München e.V."; Leiter der
Münchner Tage der Bodenordnung und Landentwicklung; Vorsitzender des Arbeitskreises "Bodenordnung und Bodenwirtschaft"
der Deutschen Geodätischen Kommission (DGK) bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (2002-2009); Sprecher der
Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Akademien ländlicher Raum in den deutschen Ländern; Präsident der Bayerischen Akademie Ländlicher
Raum; Mitglied im Beirat für Raumentwicklung des Bundesministeriums für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung der 17. Legislaturperiode des Deutschen Bundestages; Mitglied des Landesplanungsbeirats Bayern; Mitglied des Forums für Umwelt, Gesundheit
und Verbraucherschutz (Bayern); Mitglied des Runden Tisches
zum Bürgerschaftlichen Engagement (Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Arbeit und Sozialordnung, Familie und Frauen); Ordentliches Mitglied der Deutschen Geodätischen Kommission bei der
Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften; Vorsitzender des
Beirats der Grontmij Advies&Ingenieursbureau GmbH Deutschland; Mitglied in der Fachgruppe der deutschsprachigen Hochschullehrer "Planen und Bauen im ländlichen Raum"; Mitglied im
Beirat des Sektorvorhabens "Bodenordnung und Bodenrecht" der
Deutschen Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ);
Mitglied im Vorstandsrat des Deutschen Vereins für Vermessungswesen (DVW-Landesverein Bayern e.V); Kurzzeitexperte für
die Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung und GTZ; Mitglied des Begleitausschusses „Bayerisches Zukunftsprogramm Agrarwirtschaft und
Ländlicher Raum 2007-2013“; Mitglied der Zukunftskommission
Landwirtschaft in Bayern, Mitglied des Beirats für Raumentwicklung des Bundesministeriums für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung
Prof. Dr. H.H.D. Meyer
Physiologie
Dr. K. Meyer
Tierhygiene
Bodenökologie
Dr. M. Neumüller
Mitglied des Scientific Board des PhD-Programms an der Veterinär-Medizinischen Universität Wien; Mitglied der Verbraucherkommission Bayern; Gutachter in EU-Forschungsförderprogrammen (FP4, FP5, FP6, FP7) sowie Sondergutachter für DFG
und Stiftungen; Wissenschaftliche Beratungstätigkeit für Behörden
der EU, des Bundes und der Länder sowie für WHO, FAO, IAEA
und WTO; Mitglied im wissenschaftlichen Beirat des Milchindustrieverbandes; Ombudsmann des Leibnitz-Instituts für Molekulare
Pharmakologie sowie des Leibnitz-Instituts für Zoo- und Wildtierforschung im Forschungsverbund Berlin; Mitglied im wissenschaftlichen Beirat Arche Warder; Mitglied des IDF Standing
Committee (SC FM, SC AH, SC RCC)
European Food Safety Authority, Working Group „FusariumToxins“
Deutsche Bodenkundliche Gesellschaft DBG; European Geosciences Union EGU; European Plant Science Organisation EPSO;
International Union for Soil Sciences IUSS; Vereinigung für Allgemeine und Angewandte Mikrobiologie VAAM; Verband der Deutschen Untersuchungs- und Forschungsanstalten VDLUFA; Mitglied des Beirats Conseil Scientifique GESSOL (Wissenschaftlicher Beirat Bodenschutz); Ministère de l'Ecologie, de l'Energie, du
Développement Durable et de la Mer, Paris; Mitglied des Beirats
des Förderprogramms Systerra „Ecosystèmes, Territoires, Agricultures et Ressources vivantes“ der Agence Nationale pour la Recherche, Paris; Mitglied des Beirats „Pole de recherche scientifique et technologique, Sciences et Génie de l'environnement“,
Metz-Nancy, Frankreich
Obstbau
Chairman der Working Group “Plum and Prune Genetics, Breeding and Pomology“ der International Society for Horticultural Science
Prof. Dr. J. Prietzel
Vorsitzender der DBG-AG „Waldböden“
Bodenkunde
Prof. Dr. J. Roosen
Betriebswirtschaftslehre-Marketing
und Konsumforschung
S. Sagkob, M.Sc.
Agrarsystemtechnik
Dr. P. Schad
Bodenkunde
Mitglied im Beirat für Ernährung des BayStMELF; Vorsitzende und
Mitglied der Verbraucherkommission Bayern
Mitglied d. Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft der Milcherzeugerberater e.V.
Vorsitzender der Arbeitsgruppe „World Reference Base for Soil
Resources“ der International Union of Soil Sciences
Vorstandvorsitzender Runder Tisch GIS e.V., München; Mitglied
des Arbeitskreises 2 „Geoinformation und Geodatenmanagement“
des Deutschen Vereins für Vermessungswesen (DVW), VogtsburgOberrotweil; Mitglied der deutschen Gesellschaft für Photogrammetrie, Fernerkundung und Geoinformation (DGPF) e.V., Münster;
Mitglied der Deutschen Geodätischen Kommission (DGK), München, Mitglied des Deutschen Vereins für Vermessungswesen
(DVW), Vogtsburg Oberrotweil; Mitglied des Open Geospatial
Consortium (OGC), Wayland
169
Prof. Dr. M. Schloter
Bodenökologie
Dr.-Ing. J. Schmid
VDI Ausschuss Sicherheitsforschung und Monitoring; DIN NA 119
Normenausschuss Wasserwesen (NAW); NA 119-01-02-04 UA
Unterausschuss Biologische Verfahren; ISO Ausschuss: Biological
methods for the measurement of soil quality; Wissenschaftlicher
Beirat Nitrolimit (BMBF); Stellv. Vorsitz. der Kommission Bodenbiologie bei der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft
Mitglied im Zukunftsforum Biotechnologie der DECHEMA
Chemie Biogener Rohstoffe
Helmholtz Gemeinschaft; Isotopenpreis der Habfast-Stiftung
Grünlandlehre
Prof. Dr. A. Schnieke
Biotechnologie der Nutztiere
Pflanzenzüchtung
Prof. Dr. F.J. Schwarz
Tierernährung
Prof. Dr. D. Treutter
Obstbau
Prof. Dr. W.M. Windisch
Tierernährung
M. Zehetmeier, MSc.
Wirtschaftslehre des Landbaues
Dr. M.H. Zeitler-Feicht
170
Jury-Member: BBVA Frontiers of Knowledge; External Member:
EFSA "Guidance on human health risk assessment of GM animals"
Mitglied Fachkollegium 207, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
(DFG); Präsidentin der Gesellschaft für Pflanzenzüchtung e. V.
(GPZ); Mitglied AG Pflanzeninnovation, BioÖkonomieRat; Stellvertretendes Mitglied Zentrale Kommission für die Biologische Sicherheit (ZKBS); Mitglied wissenschaftlicher Beirat der Gemeinschaft zur Förderung der privaten deutschen Pflanzenzüchtung e.
V. (GFP); Mitglied wissenschaftlicher Beirat des Julius KühnInstituts (JKI), Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpflanzen; Mitglied wissenschaftlicher Beirat des Leibniz-Instituts für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK); Mitglied wissenschaftlicher Beirat des Agroclusters CROP.SENSe.net; Mitglied Kuratorium Gregor Mendel Stiftung
DGFZ Fachbeirat; VDLUFA: Fachgruppe TE; GFE – Ausschuss für
Bedarfsnormen; Kuratorium Schaumann-Stiftung; DLG – Ausschuss Futterkonservierung; DMK – Ausschuss Futterkonservierung und Fütterung
Präsidium Deutsche Gesellschaft für Qualitätsforschung (Pflanzliche Nahrungsmittel) DGQ e.V.
Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften München, Mitglied der
Kommission für Geomorphologie; Akkreditierungs-, Zertifizierungs- und Qualitätssicherungsagentur ACQUIN e.V., Mitglied im
Fachausschuß Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Gutachter
der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) in diversen Verfahren; Deutscher Verein des Gas- und Wasserfaches DVGW Bonn.
Mitglied Expertengremium zur Erstellung eines Regelwerks zum
Schutz und Umgang mit dem Kulturgut Boden; Mitglied des GeoCenter Munich (LMU München, TU München); Initiator des TUMCritical Zone Observatorium
Wiss. Beirat WissenschaftsCampus Halle - Pflanzenbasierte
Bioökonomie, International Steering Committee International
Consortium on Applied Bioeconomy Research (ICABR)
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Mineralstoffe und Spurenelemente
(GMS); Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie (GfE);
Österreichische Gesellschaft für Ernährung (ÖGE); Internationale
Gemeinschaft Milchwissenschaftlicher Laboratorien (INTERLAB)
Mitglied in der European Association for Animal Production
(EAAP), Kommissionsmitglied “Livestock farming systems”
DLG-Prüfungskommission „Pferdehaltungstechnik“
Testzentrum Technik & Betriebsmittel)
(DLG
e.V.
3. Mitgliedschaft im Editorial Board von wissenschaftlichen Zeitschriften
Name
Editor bzw. Mitgliedschaft im Board of Editors
Prof. Dr. K. Auerswald
Bodenschutz, Catena, Soil and Tillage Research, Journal of Soil
Grünlandlehre
and Water Conservation
Tierhygiene
Mycoses, Archives of Animal Nutrition, Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition
Dr. E. Bauer
Theoretical and Applied Genetics
Pflanzenzüchtung
Prof. Dr. H. Bernhardt
Landtechnik, Darmstadt
Agrarsystemtechnik
Prof. Dr. V. Bitsch
Ökonomik des
Landschaftsbaus
Gartenbaus
und
A. Donaubauer
Managing Editor Europe, International Food and Agribusiness
Management Review
GIS.SCIENCE, Heidelberg
Prof. Dr. M. Faulstich
Energy 2.0, Publish Industry Verlag, Wasser & Abfall, Vieweg Verlag, Müll & Abfall, Erich Schmidt Verlag
Prof. Dr. R. Fries
Animal Biotechnology, Journal of Applied Genetics
Tierzucht
Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. A. Heißenhuber
Agricultural Economics, Prag
Prof. Dr. R. Hückelhoven
Phytopatholgie
Bodenkunde
Prof. Dr. H. Magel
Bodenökologie
PD Dr. E. Priesack
Communicative & Integrative Biology, Plant Signaling & Behavior,
Frontiers in Plant Microbe Interactions, Molecular Plant Pathology
Geoderma, Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soils Science, Plant and
Soil, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, European Journal of Soils
Science, Organic Geochemistry, Biology and Fertility of Soils
Socioloija sela (Rural Sociology), Zagreb, GIM International (The
Global Magazine for Geomatic)
Applied and Environmental Soil Science, Chemosphere, Ecological Indicators, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal of Plant
Nutrition and Soil Science, Science of the Total Environment,
Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry
Trees, Communicating Editor
Bodenökologie
Prof. Dr. J. Roosen
Betriebswirtschaftslehre-Marketing
und Konsumforschung
Prof. Dr. K. Salhofer
European Review of Agricultural Economics, Food Policy, Journal
of Agricultural and Applied Economics
German Journal of Agricultural Economics (Agrarwirtschaft)
Prof. Dr. M. Schloter
Bodenökologie
Prof. Dr. U. Schmidhalter
Pflanzenernährung
Grünlandlehre
GIS.SCIENCE, Heidelberg, zfv - Zeitschrift für Geodäsie, Geoinformation und Landmanagement
Biol. Fertil. Soils, European J. Soil Biol., FEMS Microb. Ecol., Soil
Biol. Biochem., ISME Journal
European Journal of Agronomy, Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil
Science
Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, German Journal of
Agronomy
171
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Journal für Kulturpflanzen
Pflanzenzüchtung
Prof. Dr. F.J. Schwarz
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition
Tierernährung
Prof. Dr. D. Treutter
Obstbau
Trees – Structure and Function (Springer Verlag), Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, Vereinigung f. Angewandte
Botanik und DGQ; Mitteilungen Klosterneuburg
Beiträge zur Bodenkunde, Landschaftsökologie und Quartärforschung BOLAQ
AgBioforum, Journal of International Food and Agribusiness
Prof. Dr. W.M. Windisch
Tierernährung
172
Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, Archives of Animal Nutrition,
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Austrian Journal of Agricultural Research

Jahresbericht 2011 - Lehrstuhl für Agrar

Transcription

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