Sugata Sanshiro

Japanese Films with Buddhist themes:
姿三四郎 Sugata Sanshiro (1943 Kurosawa)
続 姿三四郎 Zoku Sugata Sanshiro (1945 Kurosawa)
Remakes: (1965, 1970, 1977, 1981, 1986, 2007)
*大仏開眼 Daibutsu-kaigen
Dedication of the Great Buddha (1952 Kinugasa)
ビルマの竪琴 The Burmese Harp
(1956 Ichikawa, 1985 Ichikawa)
釈迦 Shaka aka Budda (1961 Misumi)
怪談 Kwaidan (1965 Kobayashi)
*耳なし芳一 Hoichi the Earless
乱 Ran (1985 Kurosawa)
黒い雨 Black Rain (1989 Imamura)
禅 Zen (2009 Takahashi)
姿三四郎 Sugata Sanshiro 1943昭18
続 姿三四郎 Zoku Sugata Sanshiro 1945昭20
ビルマの竪琴 The Burmese Harp 1956, 1985
釈迦
Shaka
aka Budda
1961
怪談 Kwaidan 1965
乱 Ran 1985
黒い雨 Black Rain 1989
禅 Zen 2009
西遊記 Monkey! aka Monkey Magic!(1978-80)
西遊記 Saiyūki (2006)
*Journey to the West
(1986 + 2000 China)
*The Lost Empire
(2001 USA)
幻想魔伝 最遊記 Gensomaden Saiyuki (2000 50x23min)
シュート！Shoot (aka Hit the Goal) (1994)
The Zen Mind (2006 60min)
A ZEN LIFE - D.T. Suzuki (2008 77min)
Japanese Anime with Buddhist themes:
火垂るの墓 Grave of the Fireflies (1988)
となりのトトロ My Neighbor Totoro (1988)
おもひでぽろぽろ Only Yesterday (1991)
平成狸合戦ぽんぽこ Heisei Tanuki Battles (1994 )
もののけ姫 Princess Mononoke (1997)
一休さん Ikkyū-san (1975-82 296x22min)
幻想魔伝 最遊記 Gensomaden Saiyuki (2000 50x23min)
Roujin Z "Elderly People Z" (1991)
HAUNTED じゃんくしょん Haunted Junction
(1997 12x23min)
あまえないでよっ!! Amaenaide Yo!! (2005 25x23min)
スタジオ
ジブリ
studio
ghibli
一休さん
Ikkyū-san
1975-82
Roujin Z "Elderly People Z" (1991)
HAUNTED じゃんくしょん Haunted Junction 1997
あまえないでよっ!!
Amaenaide Yo!!
2005
Documentaries on Buddhism:
Why Has Bodhi-Dharma Left for the East? (Korea 1989 2h25min)
Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall... and Spring (Korea 2004 1h42min)
Zen Buddhism: In Search of Self (Korea 2007 65min)
Amongst White Clouds (China 2005 86min)
Peace Is Every Step-Meditation In Action:
The Life and Work of Thich Nhat Hanh (Vietnam 2005 2h22min)
Buddha (India 1994 28x15min Reddy)
Trishagni (Sand Strom) (India 1998)
The Legend Of Buddha (India 2005 Animated Oscar Nominee)
Buda As Sharm Foru Rikht (Buddha Collapsed Out of Shame)
(Iran 2007 Hana Makhmalbaf 81min)
Journey Into Buddhism Trilogy (2006 4h15min)
*(1)Vajra Sky Over Tibet, (2)Dharma River (Laos, Thailand and
Burma), (3)Prajna Earth (Cambodia, Bali, and Java (Sharon Stone))
(sri lanka) ?
himalayan buddhism:
Tibet: A Buddhist Trilogy (1979 2h14min)
The Lion's Roar (1985 50min James Coburn)
Robert Thurman: On Tibet/ On Buddhism (1999 7h40min)
God And Buddha: A Dialogue (1999 90min Deepak Chopra, Robert Thurman)
The Dalai Lama - Four Noble Truths (2001 6h)
Life of Buddha (2001 90min BBC)
Yogis of Tibet - A Film For Posterity (2003 77min)
Wheel of Time (2003 80min Werner Herzog)
Sakyong Mipham Rinpoche: Turning the Mind into an Ally
(2003 75min lecture +21min meditation instruction)
The Tibetan Book of the Dead (A Way of Life / The Great Liberation)
(2004 90min Leonard Cohen)
Discovering Buddhism (2004 5h43min R. Gere; K. Reeves; Dalai Lama)
Amongst White Clouds (2007 86min)
10 Questions For The Dalai Lama (2007 85min)
A Year in Tibet (2008 4x60min BBC4)
Milarepa (2008 3h) & Teachings on Milarepa (2008 3h)
Siddhartha シッダールタ
(1972 Conrad Rooks)
Little Buddha リトル・ブッダ
(1993 Keanu Reeves)
What's Love Got to Do with It ＴＩＮＡ ティナ
(1993 Tina Turner bio)
Kundun クンドゥン(1997 Scorsese)
Seven Years in Tibet セブン・イヤーズ・イン・チベット
(1997 Brad Pitt)
Zen Noir (2004)
*kung-fu flics
Master of Zen (HK 1994)
Into Great Silence (2005) Carthusian Monks
釈迦 Shaka aka Budda 1961
4:26
In Kurosawa’s
two films of Sugata Sanshiro,
of 1943 and 1945,
there is a satori 【悟・覚】 scene,
and a zazen 【坐禅・座禅】 scene.
I cannot find any other movie
which shows
satori or zazen,
so these movies are especially important.
Sugata Sanshiro
is the story
of a young man studying judo
and learning about life
in the Meiji Era 明治時代 (1868-1912).
The 1942 (昭和17) novel 小説
was written by
Tomita Tsuneo 富田常雄 (1904-1967).
The characters are modeled after real people.
*refer to class readings:
Carr. 1993. Making Way: War, Philosophy and
Sport in Japanese Judo.
Inoue. 1998. The Invention of the Martial Arts:
Kano Shogoro and Kodokan Judo.
Klinger. 2006. Sugata Sanshiro’s Satori.
Klinger. 2009.06.06. 「Sugata Sanshiro’s Path of
Loyalty 姿三四郎の忠孝の道」USP Public Seminar.
The story of Sanshiro
has been told in
6+ feature films 長編映画 chouhen-eiga,
6 TV dramas,
2 anime films, and
4+ manga comic books,
besides Tomita’s novels.
*the story isn’t particularly popular
among people who practice karate and jujitsu
because Sanshiro beats them with judo
Films:
1943昭17 Toho 東宝. Director: Kurosawa Akira.
(1943: +97minutes
+97minutes分
97minutes分, 1944: -79min.,
1951: 79 min., 2002: 91min.)
1945昭19 続姿三四郎. Toho. 82min. Kurosawa.
*1954昭29 少年姿三四郎. Toei 東映 . 56+66min.
Director: Kobayashi Tsuneo 小林恒夫.
*1955昭30 Toei. (2 parts.) Tanaka Shigeo 田中重雄.
1965昭40 Toho. 153min.
Director: Uchikawa Sei’ichiro 内川清一郎.
Script 脚本kyakuhon, Editor 編集, &
Producer 制作seisaku: Kurosawa.
1970昭45 Shochiku 松竹. Dir: Watanabe Kunio 渡辺邦男.
1977昭52 Toho. 124min. Okamoto Kihachi 岡本喜八.
TV Dramas:
*1957昭32 TBS JNN/CBC. 3 parts.
*1962昭37 NHK. 4x30min. episodes 挿話 souwa.
*1963昭38 Fuji. Dir: Watanabe Kunio 渡辺邦男.
1970昭45 NTV. Dir: Watanabe Kunio 渡辺邦男.
26x45min. (also 71min. film by Shochiku 松竹)
*1978昭53 NTV. Dir: Yamamoto Michiyo 山本迪夫、
Tsuchiya Togoro 土屋統吾郎
26x45min.
2007平19 TV-Tokyo. 134min. 演出: Kinoshita Takao
木下高男.
Anime:
1981昭56 Fuji. 72min.
1987昭62 NTV. 3x30min.
Manga:
1954-55昭29-30 少年姿三四郎. Tominaga Ichiro
富永一朗, Tsuchiya Ippei 土屋一平
*1970昭45 Okuda Kunio 奥田邦夫.
1972昭47 Minamoto Taro みなもと太郎.
1976昭51 Motomiya Hiroshi 本宮ひろ志.
1981昭56 Monkey Punch モンキー・パンチ
(=1981 anime).
1987昭62 Chiba Tetsuya ちばてつや
(=1987 anime).
三四郎の話は色々な点で魅力的です。
魅惑miwaku 的な武道や戦いのシーンに加えてkuwaete、
日本の宗教と社会に対して見識 kenshiki を与えます。
Besides gripping martial arts and combat scenes,
the story of Sanshiro provides interesting insights
into Japanese religion and society.
戦中版と戦後版には社会価値観 kachikan
の変動が明かされています。
The variations of the books and films in wartime and
postwar reveal changes in social values.
In particular 特に,
in the 1942 book 小説
and in Kurosawa’s 1943 film 映画,
a number of phrases with militaristic overtones
軍国主義 gunkokushugi
にまっわる表現
have been cut カット
or have been replaced 取って代わる
with more innocuous 気にさわらないよう phrases.
Sanshiro has been fighting in the streets.
He comes into Yano’s room, abashed 決まり悪い.
決まり悪い.
Yano:
「どうだ。思いきり 投げて気持ち良かったろう。」
Dou da. Omoikiri nagete kimochi yokattarou.
How was it? Must have felt good
throwing your weight around.
Sanshiro:
「申し訳ありまん。」 I have no excuse.
Yano:
「私もお前の働きが見たかった。
強い。まったく強くなった。」
I would have liked to have seen the way you move
your body. You’re strong. You’ve really become
strong.
「お前の実力は今や 私の上かもしれん。しかし、な、姿、 お
前の柔道と私の柔道とは天地 の隔たりhedatari がある。
気がつくか。お前は人間の道 を知らん。」
Your ability may even be better than mine now.
But, you know, Sugata, your judo and my judo
are worlds apart. Have you noticed that?
You don’t know the Way of Humanity.
「人間の道をしらぬ者に柔道を教えるのは、
これは気違いに刃物を持たせるのに等しい。」
Ningen no michi wo shiranu mono ni judo wo
oshieru no wa, kore wa
kichigai ni hamono wo motaseru no ni hitoshii.
Teaching judo to a man who does not know
the Way of Humanity is like
giving a knife to a madman.
Sanshiro:
「先生、人間の道は知っております!」
Sensei, I know the Way of Humanity!
Yano:
「嘘を言えっ! 理性もなく。目的もなく。」
Uso wo ie! Risei mo naku, mokuteki mo naku.
You lie! You have no Reason; you have no
Purpose.
「狂い回るのが人間の道か。」
Kurui mawaru no ga ningen no michi ka?
Is it the Way of Humanity to rave around
madly?
「人間の道とは…」
The Way of Humanity is…
At this point in the film,
there is a small lack 欠如 ketsujo
of continuity コンテ
in the action.
The camera is looking
at Yano’s face,
but Yano’s head jumps 跳ぶ suddenly,
exactly丁度
exactly丁度 as if ように
there was a missing 落丁 rakuchou
piece of film.
In the film as we see it today,
Yano says to Sugata,
Sugata,
「人間の道とは…」
Then Yano’s face jumps, and he continues,
「…これこそ、天地自然の真理である。」
…kore koso, tenchi shizen no shinri de aru.
A translation of the line would be:
The Way of Humanity: this is the Eternal Truth
of the Way Things Are in Heaven and Earth.
Eh?? へー？
What does this mean?
どういう意味でしょうか？
I suggest 言い出す
that it doesn’t make much sense
それは意味をなさない.
それは意味をなさない.
And why is Yano so angry that Sanshiro doesn’t
clearly はっきり understand
this vague 曖昧 philosophy 哲学 ?
シナリオ台本を見つけた、この表現は戦後に
カットされたじゃないかと思いました。
他の表現もカットされたみたいです。
I found the scenario book
and the original 1942 novel,
and it looks like the film was cut here,
and perhaps in a few other places as well,
after the end of the Pacific War.
The film as it was shown in 1943
apparently見たところ
apparently見たところ
went like this:
Yano says:
「人間の道とは…忠孝の道だ。」
Ningen no michi to wa … chuukou no michi da.
The Way of Humanity is … the path of loyalty
to your lord and devotion to your parents.・
The original, non-cut line
does make sense:
「人間の道とは忠孝の道だ。
これこそ天地自然の真理である。」
Ningen no michi to wa chuukou no michi da.
Kore koso tenchi shizen no shinri de aru.
The Way of Humanity is the path of loyalty to
lord and devotion to parents. This is the Eternal
Truth of the Way Things Are in Heaven and Earth.
This is also the sentence in the 1942 novel.
In postwar editions 戦後版 of Tomita’s novel,
the sentence 文章 with 忠孝 chuukou is changed to:
即ち、天地自然の真理のままに生き死にする悟りだ。
Sunawachi, tenchishizen no shinri no mamani
ikishini suru satori da.
That is to say, living and dying in the Principle of
the Way of Heaven and Earth is Enlightenment.・
*This is a quite pretty 綺麗な sentence, but it still まだ
doesn’t explain 説明 what the Principle 真理 is.
Let’s look at this scene.
Please watch for the jump when Yano
says “Ningen no michi to wa…”
4:20
The Buddhist priest ( = Oshou和尚 )
calls to Sanshiro,
こら、慢心 kora, manshin!
Hey, you! Mr. High and Mighty!
(=prideful mind, self-conceit, vainglory)!
つらいか？ Are you suffering?
返事をせんところを見ると悟れんな
henji wo sen tokoro wo miru to satoren na
You don’t reply, so I can tell you cannot be enlightened.
降参する気はないか
kousan suru ki wa nai ka
Don’t you feel like giving up?
satori (?) 3:33
*symbols of satori-enlightenment:
=sounds of nature (cicadasセミ and frogs), otherwise silence, no speaking
=moon (the power of the moon to purify the soul in Noh theater 能楽;
in Kurosawa’s Rhapsody in August (1991), a character says that the moon
has the power to wash the mind clean
=reflection of the moon (e.g. in Saigyo’s poems);
the reflection is the reality
=lotus blossoms are pure white, unsoiled 汚されていない by the
murky 濁ったwater in which they live and rise above it;
symbol of rising above the mud of This World
=Buddha often sits on a lotus.
*Buddha as a symbol of enlightenment/potential,
rather than a creator/saviour god.
*what is it about this scene that the wartime censors liked?
*the mist rising from the pond is from the hot water they put in
because the actor Fujita Susumu 藤田進 1912-1991
was freezing in there in February
*see the lotus pond at the back of the USP soccer field
Neither the blooming 開花 lotuses 蓮華 renge
nor Sanshiro’s prostration 平伏す hirefusu
are in Tomita’s 1941 novel.
Sanshiro’s satori
or epiphany 自己啓示 jikoukeiji
at seeing the lotus is apparently Kurosawa’s
artistic embellishment 装飾品 soushokuhin.
The prostration is, I would imagine,
a wartime censor 検閲官 ken-etsukan ’s
interpolation 書き入れ.
In the novel and some other film versions,
in the morning Yano has already gone off to
school.
Sanshiro in the pond
asks Oshou what he should do.
He can’t overome his vainglory 慢心manshin.
Oshou tells him a spiritual awakening
発心 hosshin takes 10,000 steps,
and your judo still is lousy.
Sanshiro says “Yeah.”
Oshou says, “It’s enough that you realize
that much. Come on out.”
*Kurosawa’s first ever directed scene.
見ろ。美しいじゃないか。
Miro. Utsukushii jya naika?
Look; isn’t that beautiful?
姿, あの美しさは一体どこから出てくるか分かるか。
Sugata, ano utsukushisa wa ittai doko kara
detekuruka wakaru ka?
Sugata, do you know where that beauty
in fact comes from?
祈るという事の中に、己を捨て切っている。
Inoru to iu koto no naka ni, onore wo
sutekitteiru.
In prayer, the ego is discarded.
自分の我を去って、神と一念になっている。
Jibun no ga wo satte, kami to ichinen ni natte iru.
In leaving your self, you become one
(one mind, one heart, one thought) with kami.
あの美しさ以上に強いものはないのだ。
Ano utsukushisa ijou ni tsuyoi mono wa nai no da.
There is nothing mightier than this beauty.
我々はここで遠慮しようか。
あぁ、いいものを見たな 姿。いい気持ちだ。
Wareware wa koko de enryo shou ka.
Ah, ii mono wo mita na, Sugata. Ii kimochi da.
Let’s not intrude any further. Oh, we have seen a
wonderful thing, eh, Sugata? I feel great.
Sanshiro is supposed to fight Sayo’s father
in a competition.
Sanshiro is reciting a poem; his mind is on Sayo.
Sayo.
“Seiki no Uta” by Fujita Touko 藤田東湖 (1806-1855).
天地正大の気、粋然として神州にあつまる、秀でては富士の
嶽となり、巍々として千秋にそびゆ、注いでは大瀛の水となり、
洋々として八州をめぐる, 発いては万朶の桜となり。
The great spirits of heaven and earth congregated
in this sacred land; their excellence became Mt Fuji
which towers for a thousand autumns; flowing they
became the water of the Seven Seas; spreading out
they became the Eight Islands; eventually they
became myriad cherry blossoms weighing heavily
on branches.
(In the1965 film, Sanshiro just sits silently.)
俺はその娘が己を捨て切って
父のために祈っている美しい顔を見てしまった。
それが困った。
その美しさに勝つにはどうしたらいい 和尚。
Watashi wa sono musume ga onore wo sutekitte
chichi no tame ni inotteru utsukushii kao
wo miteshimatta. Sore ga komatta.
Sono utsukushisa ni katsu ni wa doushitara ii? Oshou!
I saw her beautiful face emptied of self,
praying for her father. That’s what’s troubling me.
How can I win against such beauty? Oshou!”
鈍根。お前もその娘のように
無心なったらよかろうか。
Donkon! Omae mo sono musume no youni
mushin nattara yokarouka?
Dimwit! If you become as empty of self as that
young lady, you can do it!
*donkon: Buddhist term, “of dull capacity,
unable to receive Buddha-truth.”
*mushin: mind-less;
without thought, will, or purpose;
the real immaterial mind free from illusion;
unconsciousness or effortless action;
“the child’s mind;”
completely absorbed in doing something.
Gennosuke chokes首を絞めて Sanshiro.
Sanshiro has a vision of the lotus.
Gennosuke says くそ Damn!
Sanshiro beats him.
The dojo moves out of the temple.
Oshou asks Yano to tell Sanshiro to visit sometime
and look at the pole in the pond if he is ever at a loss.
Iinuma says 今度は棒杭にも及ばんでしょう
kondo wa bougui nimo oyobandeshou
I wonder if even the pole can help him this time.
Yano says Sanshiro is still a kid.
Sanshiro leaves to travel and think about things.
Sayo accompanies同行 him on the train to Yokohama.
Sanshiro says he will come back soon
1945昭20
出演：
藤田 進
Fujita Susumu
Oshou says,
“I’m sleepy. Go home, Sanshiro.”
Sugata says,
“Let me stay tonight.
実は座る気できたんだ Suwaru ki de kitanda
Actually, I came to sit.” (=sit in meditation).
Oshou says,
何, お前が座禅を。よせよせ。居眠りがでるばかりじゃ。
Nani? Omae ga zazen wo? Yose yose.
Nemuri ga deru bakari jya.
What? You want to do zazen? Forget it.
You’ll just doze off.
つべこべ言わずとお前に取っ付いている奴
を睨むんじゃ。そやつの消え失せるまで。
よいか 三四郎。
Tsubekobe iwazuto omae ni tottsuiteiru
yatsu wo niramun jya. So yatsu no kieuseru
made. Yoi ka, Sanshiro?
Without answering back, you must glare
at the fellow approaching
until he vanishes into thin air.
OK, Sanshiro?
*why does Sanshiro smile,
seeing Oshou asleep?
1965昭40 France dvd (not available in Japan)
人間の道とは天然の真理である。
Ningen no michi to wa tennen no shinri de aru.
“The Way of Humanity
is the Truth of Nature.”
*This is still terribly vague あいまいな
What is the Truth of Nature?
Sanshiro’s friends help him out of the pond.
Sanshiro sobs a little but does not bow to Yano.
1:23
no American bully, no boxing, no zazen
1977
昭52
HongKong
(not available
in Japan)
“3 4 Roh,
3 4 Roh,
お前は誰だろう?”
“Sanshiro,
Sanshiro,
who are you,
do you know?”
This 1977 movie follows the Tomita novel.
(In the morning, Yano is not there;
he has gone to school.)
2:56
1978昭53
(no video available)
In the 1978 TV series,
there is no talk of the Way of Humanity at all.
Yano asks Sanshiro if he feels justified
in involving innocent people in the brawl.
Sanshiro asks why he should bow his head
down in apology if he doesn’t think he did
anything wrong.
Yano tells him,
“Cool your head down and think about it.”
Sanshiro says he will indeed cool down
and jumps into the pond.
1972昭47 Minamoto Taro
人の道とは忠孝の道だ
Hito no michi to wa chuukou no michi da.
The way of man is the way of loyalty to lord and father.
……………….
ちかごろのマンガはむずかしいなあ。。。
Chikagoro no manga wa muzukashii naa…
Are comics ever difficult these days!
1976昭51 Motomiya Hiroshi
1981昭56 dvd
Sanshiro is completely frozen in the pond in the
morning and the deshi thaw him out.
Yano scolds him that he wasted a whole night
while he himself wrote a 300 page manuscript,
but the cat jumps up and knocks down the
papers,
revealing that they are blank.
Yano admits that he couldn’t write anything
because he was worried about Sanshiro.
Sanshiro chokes up and bows deeply at Yano’s
feet; everyone sobs. Yano asks Sanshiro not to
make him so miserable in the future.
4:53
1987昭62
Japan VHS,
USA VHS
2007平19
Japan dvd
出演 :
加藤成亮
Kato Shigeaki
2:57
1940昭15
教育勅語50年記念
Confucian 儒学 virtues 美徳 of humanity:
benevolence 仁, righteousness 義, propriety 禮,
knowledge 知, and fidelity 忠.
Filial piety孝 is the root of all virtue.
1890 明治23年 “Rescript on Education”
教育勅語 kyouiku-chokugo
“Know ye, Our subjects: Our Imperial Ancestors have
founded Our Empire on a basis broad and everlasting
and have deeply and firmly implanted virtue 道義.
Our subjects ever united in loyalty and filial piety
忠孝両全 have from generation to generation
illustrated the beauty thereof.
This is the glory of the fundamental character
of Our Empire, and herein also lies
the source of Our education.”
When the phrase containing chuukou was cut is
unclear, but it might have been under the orders of
GHQ-SCAP (General Headquarters,
Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers)
censors 検閲 ken-etsu.
*or Tomita and Kurosawa cut it themselves
Kurosawa’s entire film was banned 発禁 hakkin
along with 225 out of 554 wartime films depicting
scenes of feudal 封建 houken
loyalty 忠節 chuusetsu,
cruel 残酷 ginkoku violence 暴力,
or the “undemocratic 非民主的な idea of revenge 復
讐 fukushuu.” Martial arts, including judo, were
also banned from government settings like schools
and police departments until 1950.
Kurosawa’s film was not shown again in
Japan until 1952昭27. When it first opened in
1943昭18, the film ran for about 97 minutes.
When it was re-released for a second run in
1944, a number of short scenes were cut out,
probably because of a new law which said
that an entire showing including newsreels at
a movie theater could only run for 100min,
and that dramatic films must be 73min or
less. The reason for this law was no doubt
because three-quarters of the nation’s movie
theaters had been damaged and half of them
destroyed, so the few remaining theaters
needed to provide a greater number of shows
in a day.
The missing scenes were filled in with written
captions describing what happened. Then, in 1996
- 1998, a 45-minute segment of Kurosawa’s film
was found (along with a good number of other
missing Japanese films) in the Moscow
Gosfilmofond
State Film Archive Depository.
The print apparently had been taken from the
former Japanese colony of Manchukuo. Integrating
scenes from this print, a re-mastered and partly
restored 91min (最長版 “longest version”) DVD
with Japanese subtitles and commentary track was
released in 2002.
This version of Sanshiro, like all other available
versions of Kurosawa’s film, does not include the
chuukou phrase.
Q1. 一般的に言って, 忠孝には良い意味があります。
”Chuukou” expresses a good meaning,
generally speaking.
Q2. 忠孝は現在の社会には大切です。
“Chuukou” is important in today’s society.
Q3. 政治家は忠孝を悪用する可能性があるかも知れ
ません。または、悪用して来たかも知れません。
Politicians might misuse / have misused
“chuukou”.
RESULTS OF
SURVEY
*121, 57
respondents 応答者
Q.1
good
meaning
良い意味
Q.2
Q.3
important misuse
大切
悪用
agree strongly
強くそう思う
34
29
29
21
26
19
somewhat agree
ややそう思う
56
19
55
24
50
28
can’t say either way
どちとも言えない
29
6
32
7
38
8
somewhat disagree
あまりそう思わない
2
3
5
5
6
2
strongly disagree
全くそう思わない
0
0
0
0
1
0