Series 1 Elementary (K–6)

Chile
Series 1
Elementary (K–6)
TA B L E
OF
CONTENTS
Why Study Cultures? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
Traditions
The Month of September . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
Folklore & Language
Chilean Spanish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
Food
Popular Chilean Foods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
Cross-cultural Contributions
Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Reference Material
Facts about Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
History and Holidays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Additional Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Visuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
FOOD
POPULAR CHILEAN FOODS
Chilean foods such as empanadas, completos [com-play-toes], and sopaipillas
[so-pah-pee-yuhs] are an integral part of Chilean culture (see Traditions Visual 2).
Countless stores and stands on the street sell these foods in order to earn extra
money and participate in Chile’s Independence Day festivities.
Starting Points
1. Make and bring empanadas, completos, and sopaipillas for the students to sample
(see Additional Resources).
2. Discuss the types of food that Americans eat on the Fourth of July. Compare those
foods to the foods Chileans eat during their Independence Day festivities.
3. Show pictures of Chilean foods and have the students write a description of what
they see (see Traditions Visual 2 and Food Visuals 1 and 2).
Information
Typical Foods
The food eaten in Latin America varies from country to country. Many people think
that Chileans eat burritos, but it is uncommon to see anything that resembles
Mexican food in Chile. Chileans eat a lot of rice, chicken, and mashed potatoes.
They are very particular about the way that rice is presented on the plate when it is
served. They put it in a cup, often with mayonnaise mixed in, and then empty it onto
the plate, creating a small tower of rice.
In addition to rice, chicken, and mashed potatoes, Chileans eat a lot of soup dishes. An
example of a Chilean soup is casuela [ka-sway-luh]. This soup is made with an entire
potato, a cob of corn, and a slab of meat. The person eating the casuela is expected to
dice the meat and potato into bite-size pieces and cut or eat the corn off the cob as he
or she eats the soup. Another soup-like dish is the inexpensive porotos [po-ro-toes]
soup, or bean soup. Beans are also sometimes added to a noodle salad. A common
bean in Chile is the lentil. This is usually served with some type of pasta and small
pieces of pork. As salads go, la ensalada Chilena [en-sa-la-da chee-lay-na] (the
Chilean salad) is probably the most popular. This salad is made by cutting up onions
and tomatoes and adding cilantro and oil.
Empanadas
The empanada is by far the food most commonly eaten during the holidays and
throughout the year (see Traditions Visual 2 and Additional Resources). Empanadas
can be filled with a variety of foods, ranging from meat to fruit. Empanadas filled
with meat are considered a filling dinner, while empanadas with fruit in them
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are considered a dessert. Meat-filled empanadas often also have raisins, olives,
onions, and hard-boiled eggs in them. It is important to note that most Chilean
olives still have the pit in the middle. When you eat an empanada with olives in it,
you must be careful not to swallow the pit or crack a tooth on it. Empanadas found
in stores in the United States usually come without the pit.
When Chileans are full and can’t eat anymore, they say they are satisfied rather than
saying that they are full. Chileans find the expression “I’m full” offensive.
Sopaipillas
Another common food in Chile is the sopaipilla (see Additional Resources). This
food is shaped like a small round disc and resembles a thick tortilla. Chilean sopaipillas are not like those made in Mexico and the southwestern part of the United
States. Chilean sopaipillas are made with squash, lard, and a number of other ingredients. Usually sopaipillas are covered with ketchup or mustard, but for a sweet
snack, they can be treated like scones and covered with honey. Sopaipillas are a
popular after-school snack sold by street vendors; they are also eaten during times
of festivity. Street vendors prepare the dough and keep a frying pan filled with hot
oil ready to provide customers with fresh, hot sopaipillas. Some families have a
tradition of making sopaipillas on rainy days.
Completos
Another food item sold on the street and eaten during times of festivity is the
famous completo (see Food Visual 1). The North American equivalent of this food
is the hot dog. However, Chilean “hot dogs” are very different from American hot
dogs. The bread Chileans use tastes different because it is made with lard. The meat
is also different because Chileans add avocado (palta) and tomato to the sausage. On
top of these items, they usually put a lot of mayonnaise (Chilean mayonnaise resembles a mix of United States mayonnaise and mustard). Along with the mayonnaise,
Chileans apply a fair amount of ketchup and mustard.
As the name suggests, Chilean hot dogs are called completos because Chileans
believe that they are more complete than American hot dogs. There are other kinds
of completos in Chile, such as the Italiano, which has more avocado. Another kind
of completo is covered by sauerkraut. Completos are easy to prepare.
Completos Recipe
You will need:
4 hot dogs
1 ripe avocado
1 tsp salt
1 T vegetable oil
1 tomato (diced) (opt.)
4 buns
mayonnaise (opt.)
mustard (opt.)
ketchup (opt.)
Preparation
1. Boil the hot dogs until they are cooked.
2. Split the avocado and dig it out of the shell with a spoon.
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3. Place the avocado in a bowl and add the salt and vegetable oil. With a
fork, mash the avocado until it can be smoothly applied to the hot dog.
4. When making the completo, put the avocado on first so that the other
items will stick to it. Add whatever condiments you want after this.
Yield: 4 servings
Fruit
Chile is famous for its fruit. The climate and geography of central Chile are ideal for
growing all types of fruit. During the summer, farmers grow watermelons, avocados,
cactus fruit, and grapes. Chile uses its fruit to make products such as marmalade [marma-la-day] (jelly) and juice (see Food Visual 2).
The fruit that Chile can grow because of its warm climate is a great resource for countries that live north of the equator. When it is winter in the United States, it is summer
in Chile. Because grapes can’t grow in the United States during the winter, stores buy
grapes from Chile. The next time you eat grapes in the wintertime, don’t forget to
thank your friends in Chile!
Sweets
Stores in Chile offer a variety of sweets such as pastries and chocolates. Some of the
chocolates they sell include the Super 8, which is a wafer cookie surrounded by chocolate, Golpe [goal-pay], which is filled with caramel-like liquid, and many other Nestle
products. These chocolates are tasty and inexpensive. They usually cost fifty to one
hundred pesos each, which is between seven and fourteen United States cents. There
are also more expensive chocolates, but if you’re looking for a quick treat, the inexpensive chocolates are satisfying.
Alfajores [all-fey-hoar-es] are another treat commonly seen on store shelves. They are
like a cookie that has been wrapped in chocolate and caramel. There are different types
of alfajores and many are imported from other countries. Argentina is famous for these
delicious sweets.
Activities
1. Make completos.
2. Divide into groups and with your group, create a poster that advertises your
favorite Chilean food.
3. Write a letter to an imaginary pen pal from Chile and describe your favorite North
American food (see Folklore & Language Activities). Also write what you like
about Chilean food.
4. Divide into groups and with your group look at a picture of a Chilean food item
(see Traditions Visual 2 and Food Visuals 1 and 2). Take a few minutes to write
a description of each food as if you were writing for a food magazine that is trying
to sell the food products to the public. Share your favorite description with the rest
of the class.
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Discussion Questions
1. How is Chilean food different from the food we eat in the United States?
2. What types of food do people in the United States eat at parties?
3. What influences the kinds of food people eat?
4. In the winter, the United States gets grapes from Chile. What products might
Chile get from the United States?
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Traditions Visual 1: Diabolo and Emboque
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Traditions Visual 2: Empanadas, a Chilean Flag, and a Copper Plate Depicting the Cueca
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Traditions Visual 3: Traditional Clothing
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Traditions Visual 4: Guitar, Rain Stick, Zampoña, and Flute
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Traditions Visual 5: September Word Search (1 of 2)
Name:
SEPTEMBER WORD SEARCH
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Coup
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Embassy
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Socialism
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Traditions Visual 5: September Word Search Answer Key (2 of 2)
Name:
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Barricades
Completos (hot dogs)
Coup
Diabolo
Embassy
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Protests
Queso (type of cheese empanada)
San Martín
September
Socialism
Volantín (kite)
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Traditions Visual 6: Suggestions for Activities 2 and 3
Activity 2: Possible Words
Cowboy Outfit
Diabolo [dee-ah-bow-low]
Eggs
Emboque [em-bow-kay]
Empanadas [em-pah-na-duz]
Guitar
Instruments
Kite
Meat (for the BBQ)
Olives
Pan Flute
Rain Stick
Raisins
Recorder
Soccer Ball
String
White Handkerchief
Activity 3: List of Possible Characters for Skits
18 September 1810
Army
Bernardo O’Higgins
Mapuche Indians
San Martín
Spaniards in Santiago
11 September 1973
Allende’s supporters and other officials that accompanied him in the Moneda
General Pinochet, General of Armed Forces (Lead Coup)
Members of the armed forces
Salvador Allende, President of Chile
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