Chemie außer Kontrolle Chemicals out of control

Transcription

Chemie außer Kontrolle
Das systematische Versagen der
EU-Chemikalienpolitik in den letzten 20 Jahren.
Mit zehn Fallstudien
Chemicals out of control
Chemie
The systematic failure of
EU chemicals policy in the last 20 years.
With ten case studies
Chemicals out of control
The systematic failure of
EU chemicals policy in the last 20 years
Commissioned by Greenpeace Germany
Editor: Greenpeace Germany (Greenpeace e.V)., Große Elbstr. 39, 22767 Hamburg, Germany, Tel. ++49 (0)40/306 18-0, Fax ++49 (0)40/306 18-100, Email:
[email protected], Political Berlin Unit, Chausseestr. 131, 10115 Berlin, Germany, Tel. ++49 (0)30/30 88 99-0, Fax ++49 (0)30/30 88 99-30, Internet:
www.greenpeace.de; Authors: Andreas Ahrens and Kerstin Heitmann, Ökopol GmbH, Hamburg; Person responsible under German press law/V.i.S.d.P.:
Manfred Krautter, Greenpeace Germany; Titel pictures: Hewetson/GP, C. Piecha/GP, G. Gilabert/GP; Printers: edp, Virchowstr. 12, 22767 Hamburg, Germany;
Production numbers: 200; Date June 2003; Printed on 100% recycled papers.
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Phthalates out of control
Environment
600.000 t/a
Mineralised
10%
480.000 t/a
350.000
500.000
3%
600.000
Landfilled
87%
Fate
’70-’80
’80-’90
after end
of service-life
’90-’00
Production
volume EU
Market
volume EU
in percent
of
market volume
DEHP = Diethylhexylphthalate
Critically exposed:
Plasticisers in Polymers
(mostly PVC)
Producers
Risk-Profile
Some producers may have changed their names or their business.
Information sources on producers in data annex 1
Most relevant uses
Soft plastic
profiles (doors,
windows) 13%
Toys,
baby equipment < 2%
Tarpaulin, tents,
rain coats 4,5%
Car undercoating
1,5%
Product Life-Cycle
Processing
Liability to bioaccumulate
Toxicity to water organisms
Toxic to reproduction, endocrine disruption
Measured concentration in fresh water
Cables 4,5%
Others 25%
Production
Biodegradation in water
Shoe soles 9%
Roofing material
1,5%
Wires, cables 13%
very high
concern
External use
Exposure
In % market volume
Interior use
Floor coverings and
wall papers 25%
high
concern
concern
Substance properties
BASF AG, D, E; BP Chemicals, UK; Celanese, D;
Driftal GPD, P; Elf Atochem, F;
Industrie Generali Spa, I; Lonza, I; Neste Oxo, E;
Neste Oy, FIN; Oxeno Olefinchemie, D; Plastificantes de
Lutxana, E; SISAS Pantochim, B; SISAS, B
Concentration in sediments
Concentration in organisms, food chain
Concentration in breast milk or blood
!* = relevant lack of data
Releases to the environment*
100-500 t/a
100-500 t/a
1000-5000 t/a
Potential
final users
Air/Water
> 5000 t/a
End-of-life
products
remaining
in the
enviroment*
Waste
treatment
Recovery of PVC
Important sources:
Floor cleaning indoor;
Roofs and tarpaulins;
Paints, Sealants
Unterground
cables 55%
Erosion from
PVC surfaces 45%
quantification
not possible
Stand: 3/2003 ©
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'/?3=/'>"3&/';-(3$%"4;>"7/;8"-3"/4(%%(3$%"?3$-;($($)"6'34($;-/8"@7;4/"'/-;'8;$-%"R85%-S"3'"
.().7>"-3H(?"&'385?-%"7(D/"8(3H($%";$8"@5';$%A""
B./";435$-"3@"6'34($;-/8"@7;4/"'/-;'8;$-%"/$-/'($)"05'3&/;$"%3(7%"=(;"%/<;)/"%758)/"<.(?."
(%"5%/8";%"@/'-(7(%/'"($";)'(?57-5'/"(%"$3-"D$3<$A""
"
*`"
Brominated Flame Retardants out of control
Environment
Mineralised 1%
1999
32.000 t/a
9%
43% TBBA
25% HBCD
23% DecaBDE
Landfill
90%
6.000 t/a
Fate
only TBBA
after end
of service-life
Production
volume EU
Market
volume EU
in percent
of
market volume
Brominated Flame Retardants
Polybrominated Diphenylethers (PBDPE),
Polybrominated Biphenyles (PBB),
Tetrabrombisphenol A (TBBA),
Hexabromocyclododecane ( HBCDD)
Critically exposed:
Flame Retardant
Producers
Risk-Profile
Most relevant uses
In % market volume
PS insulating
substances 21%
high
concern
concern
Broomchemie/Dead Sea Bromine Group, NL (HBCD);
Great Lakes Manufacturing Ltd., UK (HBCD)
very high
concern
Liability to bioaccumulate1
Toxic to reproduction2, endocrine effects
Circuit board 30%
- highly brominated compounds: 1lower bioaccumulation 2Octabromo Diphenylether
Exposure
Polystyrol cabinet
material 13%
Polyester and
Polyamid for
electronic
components 7%
Textile coatings 5%
Others 24%
Product Life-Cycle
Releases to the environment
Production
1-10 t/a
Processing
1-10 t/a
Potential
final users
100-500 t/a
Water/Air/soil
100-500 t/a
End-of-life
products
remaining
in the
enviroment
Waste
treatment
Recycling of expanded polystyrene, recovery of electric and electronic waste
losses e.g. from
textiles, building
material
Brominated Dioxins und Furanes
from thermal treatment. Emission
of pentaBDPE with landfill gas
possible
Stand: 3/2003 ©
ANA*081%$)"-#5&*D-$-//)"2*
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%7().-7>"8/?7($($)A"B./'/";'/"@35'"?34&;$(/%"($"05'3&/"&'385?($)"%.3'-";$8"4/8(54"?.;($"
?.73'($;-/8"&;';@@($%A"B./"=3754/"&'385?/8"(%";635-"-<(?/"-./";435$-"5%/8"($"05'3&/A"
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;'/;%"3@"5%/"";'/"4/-;7"?5--($)"@75(8%";$8"7/;-./'"@;--/$($)"7(C53'A"
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<.(?."&/'4;$/$-7>"'/4;($"($"-./"/$=('3$4/$-";%"?34&3$/$-%"($"?/'-;($";'-(?7/%"R;%";6';%(3$"
@'34"'33@"%5'@;?/%"3'"5$8/')'35$8"?;67/%S";'/"8(%&3%/8"3@";%"834/%-(?"3'"?3$%-'5?-(3$"<;%-/"
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5%5;77>"($?($/';-/8";%"($85%-'(;7"<;%-/,"65-";"43'/"3'"7/%%".()."&'3&3'-(3$"(%"@('%-";773</8"-3"
/$-/'"%/<;)/";@-/'"?./4(?;7N&.>%(?;7"<;%-/"-'/;-4/$-"R<;-/'"&.;%/";@-/'"%/&;';-(3$"3@"3(7SA"
W635-"@(=/"&/'"?/$-"3@"-./"4;'D/-"=3754/"&/'">/;'"(%"8('/?-7>"'/7/;%/8"($-3"-./"/$=('3$4/$-"
R;(',"<;-/'";$8"%3(7%Sa"%34/"Fe"&/'"?/$-"/$8%"5&"3$"7;$8@(77%";$8"3$7>";635-"-/$"&/'"?/$-"(%"
;?-5;77>"4($/';7(%/8"($"<;%-/"8(%&3%;7"3&/';-(3$%A""
B./";435$-"3@"?.73'($;-/8"&;';@@($%"/$-/'($)"05'3&/;$"%3(7%"=(;"%/<;)/"%758)/"<.(?."(%"5%/8"
;%"@/'-(7(%/'"($";)'(?57-5'/"(%"$3-"D$3<$A"
"
*t"
Chlorinated Paraffins out of control
Environment
114.000 t/a
Mineralised
5%
10%
app.
64.000 t/a
70.000
Landfilled
73.000
’94
Production
volume EU
Market
volume EU
after end
of service-life
’98
’97
85%
Fate
64.000
Production
development
in percent
of
market volume
Chlorinated Paraffins (CP)
-Short-chain (SCCP, C10-13),
-Medium-chain (MCCP, C14-17),
-Long-chain (LCCP, C>17)
Critically exposed:
Lubricants, plasticiser,
flame retardants
Producers
Risk-Profile
Most relevant
uses
high
concern
concern
Ineos Chlor Ltd, UK, F (SCCP, MCCP, LCCP);
Caffaro Caffaro S.p.A, I (SCCP, MCCP, LCCP);
Leuna Tenside, D (MCCP, LCCP);
Quimica del Cinca S.A., E (MCCP)
very high
concern
Carcinogene1 toxic to reproduction2
In % market volume
Plasticiser
in PVC
65%
Plasticisers in
varnishes,
adhesives and
sealing materials 9%
Flame retardant
in rubber 6%
„Fattening“ substance
in leather 2%
Exposure
Metal cutting
fluids 12%
1 SCCP 2 MCCP
Others 6%
Product Life-Cycle
Production
Processing
Potential
final users
100-500 t/a
1000-5000 t/a
Soil/Air/Water
medium-chain CP
in air or waste water
from PVC processing
Waste water from
metal processing;
waste water from
leather processing;
1000-5000 t/a
End-of-Life Prod.
remaining in the
enviroment*
Waste
treatment
Recovery of PVC
losses from
PVC and rubber
products
quantification
not possible
Stand: 3/2003 ©
ANJ*T%".1@85"%1*(%,@%'"&2*
"
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&;?D;)($)S,"-/H-(7/%,"7/;-./',";$8";%";"?34&3$/$-"($"&;($-%";$8"&/%-(?(8/%A"
d3$>7&./$37%";$8"$3$>7&./$37/-.3H(7;-/%".;=/"=;'(35%"&'367/4;-(?"?.;';?-/'(%-(?%A"W%";$"
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($85%-'(;7"5%/'%"?34&'(%/%"&';?-(?;77>"-./"<.37/"?344/'?(;7"%&./'/A"#$";88(-(3$"/=/'>"01"
?(-(M/$"?;$"?34/"($-3"8('/?-"?3$-;?-"<(-."$3$>7&./$37R/-.3H>7;-/%S"-.'35).""'/%(85/%"($"@338,"
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-3"-./"5%/"3@"d3$>7&./$37"?34&35$8%"($"&;?D;)($)"4;-/'(;7,"@338"&'385?-%";'/"?3$-;4($;-/8"
<(-."$3$>7&./$37"5&"-3";"7/=/7"3@"%34/"!+"x)JD)"@'/%."</().-"Rf5/$-./',"oA"/-";7,"*++*SA""
W??3'8($)"-3"'35)."/%-(4;-/%";635-"-/$"&/'"?/$-"3@"-./"4;'D/-"=3754/"&/'">/;'"(%"'/7/;%/8"
8('/?-7>"3'"($8('/?-7>"($-3"-./"/$=('3$4/$-"R<;-/'";$8"%3(7%Sa"%34/"è"&/'"?/$-"(%"&'3?/%%/8"
($-3"3-./'"&'385?-%"3'"/$8%"5&"($"7;$8@(77%a";635-"è"&/'"?/$-"(%";?-5;77>"4($/';7(%/8"($"<;%-/"
<;-/'";$8"<;%-/"8(%&3%;7";$8"%3"'/$8/'/8".;'47/%%A"
"
"
*F"
Nonylphenolethoxylate out of control
Environment
10%*
All data:
t/a
118.000
NPE
73.500 77.600 78.500
NP
Production
volume:
constant
’94
Mineralised
NP
NPE
45%
Production
volume EU
Fate
- degradation
in waste water
treatment
or waste
incineration
’97
Market
volume EU
Landfilled
and/or
transformed
45%
after end
of service-life
- further
processing
into other
chemicals
in percent
of
market volume
Nonylphenolethoxylate (NPE)
and Nonylphenol (NP)
Critically exposed:
as building block in NPEs and metabolite
Non ionic surface-active substances
and intermediate
*90%
of this to
soil via
sewage sludge
Risk-Profile
Producers
of Nonylphenol
Most relevant uses
In % market volume
Sasol GmbH (ehem. Hüls AG) D;
Enichem S.P.A., I;
Institutional
cleaning
30%
Others 20%
Components
in Paints 5%
very high
concern
Toxic to reproduction,
disruption
krebserregend,
mutagen,endocrine
fortpflanzungsschädl.
Exposure
Auxiliary in plastic
production 12%
Auxiliary in textile
processing 10%
Intermediate
in the chemical
industry 9%
Auxiliary in leather
processing 8%
Components in
pesticides 6%
high
concern
concern
Product Life-Cycle
10-100 t/a
Production
from production of NPE
Processing
Potential
final users,
potential users
in agriculture
>5000 t/a
Water/Soil*
45% from Cleaning
15% from Textile finishing
6% from Leather processing
*90% of this to soil via
sewage sludge
Waste
treatment
No major relevance
Stand: 3/2003 ©
ANS*R'2C*(%,@%'"&2*6T)#$%,'2C*-"&*@%1.(.(1)(*,'2C*(%,@%'"&2:*
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V35).7>"?;7?57;-/8,"-./"%.;'/"3@"45%D"?34&35$8%"8('/?-7>"3'"($8('/?-7>"'/7/;%/8"($-3"-./"
/$=('3$4/$-"R<;-/'";$8"%3(7%S"(%";635-"$($/->"&/'"?/$-"3@"-./('"4;'D/-"=3754/"&/'">/;',"43%-"
3@"-.(%".3</=/'"(%"'/7/;%/8"=(;"%&';>($)"3@"%/<;)/"%758)/";%";"@/'-(7(%/'"3$-3";)'(?57-5';7"%3(7a"
3$7>";635-"-/$"&/'"?/$-"(%";?-5;77>"4($/';7(%/8"($"<;%-/"<;-/'"-'/;-4/$-A"
"
"
T+"
Musk compounds out of control
*5% of this
are Nitro-Musks
Environment*
2000 t/a*
90%
Mineralised
1400 t/a
3583
2368
10%
2023
Landfilled
Fate
0%
’92
’95
after end
of service-life
’98
Production
volume EU
Market
volume EU
in percent
of
market volume
Musk-Components
- Nitro-Musks (Keton und Xylene)
- Polycyclic Musks (HHCB, AHTN)
Critically exposed:
Substitute for natural musks
in the odourants industry
*90% of
this soil via
sewage sludge
Producers and Importers
concern
Bush Boake Allen LTD, UK (HHCB, AHTN);
Haarmann & Reimer, D (HHCB);
International Flavours and Fragrances, UK, NL, IR (HHCB);
Firmenich & Cie, F (HHCB);
Quest International, UK (HHBC);
Givaudan, CH (AHTN)
Risk-Profile
Most relevant
uses
In detergents
Use as
odourant
very high
concern
Liability to bioaccumulate* * Musk xylole
Toxic to aquatic organisms*
with very high
concern
Carcinogen, endocrine disruption
In other
domestic
products
For textile
finishing
Exposure
In cosmetics
(e.g. soaps,
perfumes,
cremes)
high
concern
Concentration in breast milk or blood**
** absorption through skin from cosmetic products
Product Life-Cycle
Producers and users
Production
Processing
Potential
final users
1000-5000 t/a
Water/Soil*
Waste
treatment
* 90% of this soil via sewage
sludge
Mineralization in water
treatment plants and
resorption through skin not
taken into account
No major relevance
Stand: 3/2003 ©
AN]*G)(81%$-")1)"5*6G0?:*
"
U(?.73';$(7($/"(%";"%>$-./-(?"3');$(?"?./4(?;7"<.(?.";43$)"3-./'"5%/%"(%"5%/8";%";"6;%/"
?./4(?;7"($"&'385?($)"./'6(?(8/%,";7)(?(8/%"R8(5'3$";$8"7($5'3$S";$8"6;?-/'(?(8/%"
R-'(?.73'3?;'6;$(7(8/%,"B22WSA"B./"=3754/%"&'3?/%%/8"($-3"%5?.";?-(=/"%56%-;$?/%"(%";635-"
`,+++Ne,+++"-3$$/%"&/'">/;'a"-./"4;'D/-"=3754/"3@"8(5'3$"<;%";635-"T,+++"-"($"!EEeA"B./'/"
;'/";635-"@35'"-3"%(H"4;$5@;?-5'/'%"($"-./"01A"
U(5'3$"(%";&&7(/8";%";"./'6(?(8/"3$"-';$%&3'-"'35-/%";$8"($";)'(?57-5'/"R?57-(=;-($)";%&;';)5%,"
@'5(-"-'//%,"?3'$,")';%%7;$8SA"#-"(%";7%3";$"(4&3'-;$-"?34&3$/$-"($";$-(@357($)"&;($-%A"B22W"(%"
5%/8";%";"6;?-/'(?(8/"($"%3;&%";$8"?3%4/-(?%A"
U(5'3$";$8"B22W"6(38/)';8/"($"-./"/$=('3$4/$-"($-3"8(?.73';$(7($/A"U(5'3$";$8"8(N
?.73';$(7($/".;=/";"$546/'"3@"&'367/4;-(?"?.;';?-/'(%-(?%A"1$8/'"/$=('3$4/$-;7"?3$8(-(3$%"($"
<;-/'";$8"%/8(4/$-%"-./>"3$7>"%73<7>"8/)';8/A"U2W"($";88(-(3$"-/$8%"-3"438/';-/7>"
6(3;??5457;-/"($"&;'-(?57;'"($"6/$-.(?"3');$(%4%A"Z/?;5%/"3@"6/($)"5%/8"($"-./"3&/$"
/$=('3$4/$-"($"7;')/";435$-%"8(5'3$";$8"8(?.73';$(7($/";'/"@35$8"($"?3$?/$-';-(3$%"3@"+A!N
!x)J7A"($";743%-";77"'(=/'%";$8"?3;%-;7"<;-/'%A"
U(5'3$"(%"&;'-(?57;'7>"-3H(?"-3";C5/35%"&7;$-%";$8";7);/A"U2W".;%";".3'43$/N7(D/"/@@/?-"3$"
@(%.";$8"(%"?.'3$(?;77>".;'4@57"-3";7);/,"@(%.,"8;&.$(;";$8"<3'4%A"Q/8(4/$-N@//8($)"
3');$(%4%";$8"6('8%";'/"'/);'8/8";%"?'(-(?;77>"/H&3%/8"-3"U2W"=(;"-./"@338"?.;($A"
B./"$546/'"3@"&3-/$-(;7"($85%-'(;7"5%/'%"3@"8(5'3$";$8"B22W"(%"/%-(4;-/8";-";635-";"
-.35%;$8,"<(-."-./"4;$5@;?-5'/'%"3@"./'6(?(8;7"&'385?-%"-./4%/7=/%"6/($)";"'/7;-(=/7>"%4;77"
)'35&";43$)"-./%/A"B./"$546/'"3@"&3-/$-(;7"/$8N5%/'%"(%"/@@/?-(=/7>"(8/$-(?;7"-3"-./"
&3&57;-(3$,"&567(?";84($(%-';-(3$%";$8"$546/'"3@"@;'4/'%"($"-./"01A"
B./"?34&7/-/"4;'D/-"=3754/"3@"8(5'3$"(%"'/7/;%/8"8('/?-7>"($-3"-./"/$=('3$4/$-"R;(',"<;-/',"
%3(7%SA"B./"&'3&3'-(3$"3@"B22W"R3'"-./"U2W"@3'4/8"@'34"B22WS"8('/?-7>"'/7/;%/8"(%"%4;77/'"
6/?;5%/"&;'-"3@"(-"(%"'/-;($/8"($"%/<;)/"%758)/A"
"
"
T*"
Dichloranilin-Pesticides out of control
*Production
development
stagnating/
downward trend
Environment 100%
4.670 t/a*
*DCA for further
processing in the EU
Decomposition in water
to Dichloranilin(DCA)
**1995
3000 t/a**
98 % Diuron, Linuron
2 % Trichlorcaranilide
Production
volume EU
Fate
after end
of service-life
Market
volume EU
in percent
of
market volume
3,4 Dichloranilin
Building block and metabolite of
Diuron, Linuron, Trichlorocarbanilide
Critically exposed:
Herbicide, algicide; bactericide
Producers
Risk-Profile
high
concern
concern
Bayer AG, D (Dichloranilin, Diuron;
Notification of Diuron for EU assessment);
Aventis/Bayer; F (Diuron);
Industry Prodotti Chimici SpA, I (Linuron);
Makhteshim Agan International, B
(Notification of Diuron for EU assessment)
very high
concern
Carcinogen*,
endocrine
disruption**
krebserregend,
mutagen,
* applicable for Diuron ** applicable for 3,4 Dichloranilin and fish species
Most relevant
uses
(Only Diuron und TCC)
Antifouling*
in paints,
sealing products
Bactericide*
in soap and cosmetics
Herbicide*
Agriculture,
traffic areas
*herbes,
bacteria, alge
Exposure
Product Life-Cycle
Production
1-5 t/a
Processing
Potential
final users,
potential
users in
agricultur
Waste
treatment
1000-5000 t/a
Soil/Water/Air
Herbicide Diuron on
sealed paths and squares;
Herbicide Diuron in
agriculture (releases to
soils); Antifouling paints;
Bactericide TCCA
in soaps and cosmetics
No major relevance
Stand: 3/2003 ©
AN^*3$)/1'$-1)"*
"
B'(@75';7($"(%";"%>$-./-(?"3');$(?"?./4(?;7,"-./"4;'D/-"=3754/"3@"<.(?."(%";635-"T,+++"-3$$/%"
&/'">/;'A"#-"(%"&'385?/8"($"3$/"3'"-<3"&'385?-(3$"%(-/%"($"-./"01A"
#$"05'3&/,"-'(@75';7($"(%"7;')/7>"5%/8";%";"./'6(?(8/"($")'3<($)"';&/A"
1$8/'"/$=('3$4/$-;7"?3$8(-(3$%"-'(@75';7($"3$7>"%73<7>"8/)';8/%"($"<;-/'";$8"%/8(4/$-%A""#$"
;88(-(3$"(-"-/$8%"-3"6(3;??5457;-/"($";C5;-(?"3');$(%4%"-.;-"(-"4;>"&3%%(67>"6(34;)$(@>"($"-./"
@338"?.;($A"U5/"-3"(-%"3&/$"5%/"($"7;')/";435$-%"-'(@75';7($"(%"3@-/$"@35$8"($"'(=/'%"($".()."
?3$?/$-';-(3$%"R\"!"x)J7SA"
B'(@75';7($"(%"=/'>"-3H(?"-3"@(%.A"#$";%%/%%($)"-./"/$=('3$4/$-;7"'(%D,"(4&3'-;$-"($@3'4;-(3$"(%"
7;?D($)"6/?;5%/"-./'/"(%"$3"'(%D";%%/%%4/$-">/-"@3'"-.(%"&/%-(?(8/";-"01"7/=/7A"
B./'/"4;>"6/"%34/"!+"?34&;$(/%"5%($)"-'(@75';7($"($"-./('"&/%-(?(8/"&'385?-%A"B./"$546/'"3@"
&3-/$-(;7"/$8N5%/'%"(%"/@@/?-(=/7>"(8/$-(?;7"-3"-./"$546/'"3@"@;'4/'%"($"-./"01A"
B./"?34&7/-/"4;'D/-"=3754/"3@"-'(@75';7($"(%"'/7/;%/8"8('/?-7>"($-3"-./"/$=('3$4/$-"R;(',"
<;-/',"%3(7%SA"
"
"
T`"
Trifluralin out of control
Environment
100%
3200 t/a
No more
registration/license
in Sweden, Denmark
and the Netherlands
(January 2001)
?
Production
volume EU
Fate
after end
of service-life
Market
volume EU
in percent
of
market volume
Trifluralin
Critically exposed:
Selective herbicide
Risk-Profile
Producers
Most relevant
uses
very high
concern
Carcinogen, toxic to reproduction
Exposure
Herbicide
Agriculture
in particular
raps
high
concern
concern
Dow Agro Science, UK
(Production and notification for EU assessment);
Manerbio Finchimica, I (Production);
Makhteshim Agan Internat, B
(Notification for EU assessment)
Product Life-Cycle
Production
Processing
Potential
users in agricultur
Waste
treatment
1000-5000 t/a
No major relevance
Stand: 3/2003 ©
AN_**G)(%/%1*
"
U(?3@37"(%";"%>$-./-(?"3');$(?"?./4(?;7"<(-.";"4;'D/-"=3754/"3@";635-"T++"-3$$/%"&/'">/;'"($"
-./"01A"#-"(%"&'385?/8"6>"3$/"3'"-<3"05'3&/;$"?34&;$(/%A"#-%"&'385?-(3$"=3754/"3@"*,+++"
-3$$/%"&/'">/;'"(%"45?.".()./',"($8(?;-($)"/H-/$%(=/"/H&3'-%A""
U(?3@37"(%"5%/8"4;($7>"($"%35-./'$"05'3&/";%";$";?;'(?(8/"($")'3<($)"@'5(-";$8"=/)/-;67/%A"
U(?3@37".;%";"$546/'"3@"&'367/4;-(?"?.;';?-/'(%-(?%A"1$8/'"/$=('3$4/$-;7"?3$8(-(3$%"(-"(%"
&/'%(%-/$-"($"<;-/'";$8"%/8(4/$-%";$8"?;$";7%3"6/"-';$%&3'-/8"3=/'"73$)"8(%-;$?/%A"#$";88(-(3$"
8(?3@37""-/$8%"-3"6(3;??5457;-/"($"-./"638>"@;-"3@";C5;-(?"3');$(%4%";$8"4;>"6(34;)$(@>"($"
-./"@338"?.;($A"Z/($)"5%/8"($"'/7;-(=/7>"%4;77";435$-%,"-./"/$=('3$4/$-;7"?3$?/$-';-(3$"3@"
8(?3@37"(%"5%5;77>"</77"6/73<"+A!"x)J7,"65-"-./'/"(%"=/'>"7(--7/"8;-;"@'34"4/;%5'/4/$-%A"#-%"
?3$?/$-';-(3$%"($"3');$(%4%"%5))/%-"-.;-"(-"4;>";??5457;-/"($"-./"@338"?.;($a"-.(%"(%"43'/"
7(D/7>"=(;"%3(7%"-.;$"=(;"<;-/'A"U(?3@37"(%"'/)57;'7>";43$)"-./"43%-"@'/C5/$-7>"@35$8"
&/%-(?(8/%"'/&3'-/8"($"-./";$$5;7"01N<(8/"&/%-(?(8/"'/%(85/"43$(-3'($)"&'3)';4%"RUf"
QWd2Y,"!EEFN*++*SA"
U(?3@37"(%"=/'>"-3H(?"-3"@(%.";$8"8;4;)($)"-3"6('8%X"'/&'385?-(3$A"B./'/"(%";"7;?D"3@"'/7/=;$-"
($@3'4;-(3$"6/?;5%/"-./'/"(%"$3"'(%D";%%/%%4/$-">/-"@3'"-.(%"&/%-(?(8/"&'3=(8/8";-"01"7/=/7A"
Q34/"83M/$%"3@"?34&;$(/%"4;>"5%/"8(?3@37"($"-./('"&'385?-%"A"B./"$546/'"3@"&3-/$-(;7"/$8N
5%/'%"(%"/@@/?-(=/7>"(8/$-(?;7"-3"-./"$546/'"3@"@;'4/'%"($"-./"01A"
B./"?34&7/-/"4;'D/-"=3754/"3@"8(?3@37"(%"'/7/;%/8"8('/?-7>"($-3"-./"/$=('3$4/$-"R;(',"<;-/',"
%3(7%SA"
"
"
Tt"
Dicofol out of control
Environment
2100 t/a
100%
*No more
registration/license
in the nordic states,
Germany and
the Netherlands
(January 2001)
Fate
300 t/a*
Production
volume EU
after end
of service life
Market
volume EU
in percent
of
market volume
Dicofol (Kelthane new)
Critically exposed:
Contact acaricide
Risk-Profile
Producers
Most relevant
uses
very high
concern
Hability to bioaccumulate
Endocrine disruption,
to reproduction
krebserregend,
mutagen,toxic
Exposure
Acaricide*:
agriculture
*agent against
mite
high
concern
concern
Rohm & Haas, I
(Production and Notification for EU assessment);
Montecina, E;
Makhteshin Agan, B
(Notification for EU assessment)
Product Life-Cycle
Production
Processing
Potential users
in agricultur
100-500 t/a
Waste
treatment
No major relevance
Stand: 3/2003 ©
ANP**`$7-"%#)"*(%,@%'"&2a*#$)4'#.1*#)"*63E3:*-"&*#$)@85".1*#)"*63D3:*
"
Y');$3-($"?34&35$8%";'/";"'/7;-(=/7>"6'3;8")'35&"3@"4/-;773N3');$(?"?./4(?;7%"<.3%/"
&'3&/'-(/%".;=/"=/'>"8(=/'%/"&'3@(7/%A"#$"-./"01,"-./"&'385?-(3$"=3754/"3@"-'(65->7"-($";$8"
-'(&./$>7"-($,"<.(?.";'/"-./"/%&/?(;77>"-3H(?"?34&3$/$-%,"<;%";635-"T,+++N`,+++"-J;";-"-./"/$8"
3@"-./"$($/-(/%a"-./('"&'385?-(3$";&&/;'%"-3"6/"3$"-./"8/?7($/A"B./"05'3&/;$"4;'D/-"=3754/"
<;%";'35$8"*,+++"-J;A"B./"$546/'"3@"4;$5@;?-5'/%"($"-./"01"(%";635-"%(H"-3"$($/A"
B./"4;($";'/;%"3@"5%/"3@"-.(%")'35&"3@"3');$3-($"?34&35$8%";'/";$-(@357($)"&;($-%,"@5$)(?(8/%"
R)';&/%";$8"&3-;-3/%S,"=;'(35%"6(3?(8/"5%/%"($"&'/&;';-(3$%";$8"&'385?-%,";$8";%"?;-;7>%-%"($"
3');$(?"%>$-./%/%"R($?758($)"&7;%-(?%SA"B'(65->7"-($"(%";7%3";$"5$($-/$8/8"(4&5'(->"($"&7;%-(?"
;88(-(=/%"R/A)A"($":_2"&'385?-%SA"U5/"-3"(-%"5%/";%";"?;-;7>%-";$8"85/"-./"5%/"3@"8(65->7-($"
R($?758($)"BZB"(4&5'(-(/%S";%";"%-;6(7(%/'"BZB".;%"6//$"8/-/?-/8"($"%/=/';7"?3$%54/'"
&'385?-%"($"'/?/$-">/;'%"R%//"7(%-"3@"?3$%54/'"&'385?-%"-/%-/8"6>">?@A!)A"($"?.;&-/'"Z"*A*SA""
BZB";$8"B:B".;=/";"$546/'"3@"&'367/4;-(?"?.;';?-/'(%-(?%A"1$8/'"/$=('3$4/$-;7"?3$8(-(3$%"
-./('"6(38/)';8;-(3$"($"<;-/'";$8"%/8(4/$-%"(%"=/'>"%73<A"#$";88(-(3$"-./>"-/$8"-3"?3$?/$-';-/"
($"?/'-;($"3');$%"3@";C5;-(?"3');$(%4%"R-./"7(=/',"@3'"/H;4&7/SA"Z/($)"5%/8"($"-./"3&/$"
/$=('3$4/$-,"3');$3-($"?34&35$8%";'/"@35$8"($";743%-";77"'(=/'%,"/%&/?(;77>";73$)"%.(&&($)"
'35-/%A"B./('"?3$?/$-';-(3$"($"<;-/'"(%"$3<"'/7;-(=/7>"73<"R7/%%"-.;$"+A!"x)J7S"3$";??35$-"3@"
-./"8/?7($/"($";435$-%"5%/8,"65-"%/8(4/$-%";'/"%-(77"./;=(7>"&3775-/8A"
:;'-(?57;'7>"$3-(?/;67/"(%"-./('"./;=>";??5457;-(3$"($"-./"7(=/'%"3@"@(%.,"6('8%";$8"4;'($/"
4;44;7%A""
BZB";$8"B:B";'/"=/'>"-3H(?"-3";C5;-(?"3');$(%4%A"K3'43$/N7(D/"/@@/?-%"3$"43775%?%";$8"@(%."
<.(?."7/;8"-3"%/=/'/"'/&'385?-(=/"8(%3'8/'%".;=/"6//$"8/-/?-/8A"#$"/H&/'(4/$-%"<(-."'38/$-%"
(445$/"8(%3'8/'%"3??5'";-"=/'>"73<"83%/%A"0$=('3$4/$-;7"&3775-(3$"<(-."BZB"83/%"&3%/";"
'(%D"3$";77"'35-/%"3@"/H&3%5'/A"
B./"$546/'"3@"&3-/$-(;7"($85%-'(;7"5%/'%"R8('/?-7>"3'"($8('/?-7>S"3@""4;-/'(;7"?3$-;($($)"BZB"(%"
/%-(4;-/8";-"%/=/';7"-/$%"3@"-.35%;$8%"6/?;5%/"BZB"?;$";7<;>%"3??5'";%";$"(4&5'(->"($"
&7;%-(?%";$8"&7;%-(?";88(-(=/%A"B./"$546/'"3@"&3-/$-(;7"/$8N5%/'%"?34($)"($-3"?3$-;?-"<(-."
BZB"(%"/@@/?-(=/7>"(8/$-(?;7"-3"-./"&3&57;-(3$"A"9(-."'/);'8"-3"?./4(?;7"&'385?-%"R/A)A"&;($-%S,"
.3</=/',"-./"$546/'"3@"?34&;$(/%";?-5;77>"5%($)"BZB".;%"6/?34/"=/'>"%4;77"$3<"%($?/"-./"
5%/"3@"BZB"($";$-(@357($)"&;($-%"<(77"6/"-3-;77>"&.;%/8"35-"5$8/'"-./"#PY"23$=/$-(3$"85'($)"
-./"?34($)">/;'%A"""
V35).7>"?;7?57;-/8,"-./"%.;'/"3@"BZB";$8"B:B"8('/?-7>"3'"($8('/?-7>"'/7/;%/8"($-3"-./"
/$=('3$4/$-"R;(',"<;-/'";$8"%3(7%S"(%";635-"*+"&/'"?/$-"3@"-./('"4;'D/-"=3754/A"B./"'/4;($8/'"
(%"8(%&3%/8"3@";%"<;%-/"($"-./"@3'4"3@"&'385?-%,"?3$%-'5?-(3$"<;%-/"3'"($85%-'(;7"<;%-/"R/A)A"($"
@3'4"3@"%.(&X%"&;($-%"<.(?.".;=/"6//$"'/43=/8SA"
"
"
TF"
Organotin-Compounds out of control
Environment
20%
All data:
t/a
TBT
1.700
TBT
?
Disposal
TPT
?
TPT
Production development downwards
Production
volume EU
Fate
80%
after end
of service-life
180
Market
volume EU
in percent
of
market volume
Organotin-Compounds:
Tributyltin (TBT),
Triphenyltin (TPT)
Critically exposed:
Biocide (TBT)
and Pesticide (TPT)
Producers
Risk-Profile
concern
Cromton, D (Production of intermediates, biocides,
pestizides, catalysts and stabilizers); Reagens, I (Production
of catalysts, stabilizers); Atofina, NL (Production of biocides,
pestizides, catalysts and stabilizers); BNT, D (Production of
intermediates); Rohm & Haas, CH (Production of biocides
and pestizides); Aventis, D (Production or import of
Cyhexatin, Fentin); OXON Italia, I (Notification of Cyhexatin
for EU assessment) BASF, D (Notification of Fenbutatin for
EU assessment); ELF Atochem Agri, NL (Notification of
Fenbutatin and Cyhexatin for EU assessment)
in Dibutyltin-stabilisers
and Dibutyltincatalysts 9%
Antifouling paints
68%
Wood preservatives;
preservants and
biocides in paints; biocide
in textiles (tents), leather
and carpets <5%
Product Life-Cycle
Production*
Exposure
Pesticides in potatoe and
grapevine cultivation 10%
Organic
syntheses <8%
Impurities
very high
concern
krebserregend,endocrine
mutagen, effects
Most relevant uses
In % market volume
high
concern
* including producers of
Releases to the environment Butylzinn stabilisers
Processing
Potential
final users,
potential users
in agriculture
100-500 t/a
Water/Air/
Soil
Waste
treatment
Recycling of PVC
quantification
not possible
Stand: 3/2003 ©
AN;Q*0-&,)',*
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Cadmium out of control
Environment
4%*
5.800 t/a
Production
development:
constant
’90
Recovery
Disposal
22%
74%
2.600 t/a
Fate
after end
of service-life
’00
Production
volume EU
Market
volume EU
in percent
of
market volume
Cadmium
Energy conservator in batteries,
surface protection, hardening
component in alloys,
pigmentes, pvc-stabilizers
Critically exposed:
*Assumption:
50% of this recovery
of incineration
slag in road construction
Producers
Risk-Profile
high
concern
concern
Asturiana de Zinc, E; Britannia Zinc Limited, UK;
Budel Zink BV, NL; Enirisorse, I;
Metaleurop Nord S.A.S., F;
Metaleurop Weser Zink GmbH, D;
Norzink, NOR; Outokumpu Zinc OY, FIN;
Ruhr-Zink GmbH, D;
Floridienne Chimie S.A., B (Cadmiumoxid)
very high
concern
Carcinogen
krebserregend, mutagen,
Most relevant uses
In % market volume (1996)
Batteries 75%
PVC stabilizer
5%
Surface
protection,
alloy 5%
Exposure
Pigments 15%
Product Life-Cycle
Unwanted emissions from
1-10 t/a products and production processes,
Production
Processing
that do not aim at extracting or using
cadmium, are approximatly
30 times larger (170 t/a)
1-10 t/a
Potential
final user
Waste
treatment
Recycling of batteries and PVC
10-100 t/a
Water*/Air
* Tyres, breaks, road cover;
Roofing material; Artist’s paints;
PVC stabilizers, pigments; Alloy
and metal coatings
Pollution from mineral fertilizer
about 10 times higher (260 t/a)
10-100 t/a
Water*/Air
*Assumption: 25% of domnestic
waste goes to incineration
Stand: 3/2003 ©
*
*
*
*
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"
F`"
Anhand von zehn Fallbeispielen zeigt die vorliegende
Studie, dass in Europa häufig gefährliche Stoffe bei der
Herstellung von Konsumprodukten verwendet werden.
Sie finden über Haut, Atemwege und die Nahrung ihren
Weg in unsere Körper. Die Fallbeispiele verdeutlichen,
wie nötig ein neues und starkes EU-Chemikalienrecht ist,
um die Risiken gefährlicher Stoffe rechtzeitig und effektiv
bekämpfen zu können. Dazu gehört auch, dass Produzenten
und Importeure von Chemikalien verpflichtet werden,
ihre Produkte zu registrieren und genügend Daten für
eine vernünftige Risikobewertung aller sich auf dem
S 1281
Markt befindlichen und produzierten Stoffe zu liefern.
Greenpeace e.V. 22745 Hamburg
Tel. 040/306 18-0; Fax. 040/30618-100
Email: mail @ greenpeace.de Politische Vertretung Berlin, Chausseestr. 131, 10115 Berlin
Tel. 030 / 30 88 99 - 0, Fax 030/30 88 99-30
Internet: www. greenpeace.de

Chemie außer Kontrolle Chemicals out of control

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