COVER SHEET FOR PROPOSAL TO THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION

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COVER SHEET FOR PROPOSAL TO THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
PROGRAM ANNOUNCEMENT/SOLICITATION NO./CLOSING DATE/If not in response to a program announcement/solicitation enter NSF 00-2
NSF 05-607
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17 November 2008
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TITLE OF PROPOSED PROJECT
Dissertation Research: Using phylogeography and ecological niche models to investigate biogeographical patterns in highly vagile species on the West Indies
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01 May 2008
$ 21,263.09
36
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Dickinson Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611
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PI/PD NAME
JULIO ANGEL SOTO-CENTENO
MS
2004
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NSF Form 1207 (10/99)
Page 1 of 2
352-273-1977
[email protected]
CERTIFICATION PAGE
Certification for Principal Investigators and Co-Principal Investigators
I certify to the best of my knowledge that:
(1) the statements herein (excluding scientific hypotheses and scientific opinions) are true and complete, and
(2) the text and graphics herein as well as any accompanying publications or other documents, unless otherwise indicated, are the original work of the
signatories or individuals working under their supervision. I agree to accept responsibility for the scientific conduct of the project and to provide the
required project reports if an award is made as a result of this proposal.
I understand that the willful provision of false information or concealing a material fact in this proposal or any other communication submitted to NSF is a
criminal offense (U.S.Code, Title 18, Section 1001).
Name (Typed)
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Julio Angel Soto-Centeno
11 Feb 2008
Co-PI/PD
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Page 2 of 2
SOTO-CENTENO
PROJECT SUMMARY
Studies on island biotas have shed light into evolutionary processes such as speciation,
adaptive radiation, population and community structure, and extinction. In the Caribbean, the
West Indies show impressive patterns of endemism and biogeography. A complex geological
history, climatic regime, and degree of isolation from mainland sources has contributed to its
high species diversity. Despite the amount of data (e.g. biological and geological) accumulating
for the Caribbean region, the biogeographical patterns, origin, and diversification of West Indian
vertebrates are still a debated topic among biologists.
In this study, I will evaluate three specific hypotheses using two species bat in the genus
Monophyllus as a model organism. I will use this genus because of its geographic partition of
species, wide distribution on the West Indies, and absence from the mainland. Because of their
vagility, bats can shed important information about origin, migration, and speciation on
Caribbean islands. First, I hypothesize that Monophyllus originated in the Caribbean. I will use
phylogenetic studies of morphological and genetic data to elucidate relationships between
species of Monophyllus to determine the origin and biogeographical patterns of the genus.
Second, I hypothesize that Monophyllus populations are well structured among islands. I will
examine the population structure of this group to define the current populations, determine gene
flow and migration among them, and how related they are using a microsatellite-based approach.
Third, I hypothesize niche differentiation between the two species of Monophyllus. Phylogenetic
and population-level information will be incorporated in an analysis of ecological niche models
to decipher how ecological factors affect biogeographic patterns and phylogenetic relationships
in Monophyllus. This research will contribute our understanding of how population-level
processes and ecological niche influences Caribbean biogeographical patterns.
Scientific merit
Biogeographical patterns or West Indian vertebrates has been a topic of much debate.
However, the majority of these, have focused on studying terrestrial taxa using geological and
historical biogeographical methods to generate hypotheses of distribution, colonization, and
movement among islands and the mainland. This study will focus on testing novel hypotheses in
three ways: Using a phylogenetic approach, a population level approach, and ecological niche
models on vagile species. Vagility in bats provides a unique opportunity to assess gene flow,
relatedness, and movement among islands, which allows to test specific biogeographic
hypotheses through large ranges. Additionally, the distribution of species of Monophyllus and
their geographical restrictions are a good model to study adaptive radiation and speciation in
populations of species that can be subjected to continuous immigration from other populations as
well as various ecological pressures.
Broader impacts
The proposed research will result in various components which will contribute to the
scientific understanding of undergraduate students as well as the general public by improving
their scientific literacy. Two components characterize the broader impacts of this research. The
first component involves the education, mentoring, and training of underrepresented groups and
promotion of citizen science. The second component involves the dissemination of scientific
knowledge via popular articles in Natural History and Focus magazines, and by making
specimen and tissue data publicly available through online databases.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
For font-size and page-formatting specifications, see GPG Section II.C.
Total No. of
Pages in Section
Section
Page No.*
(Optional)*
Cover Sheet (NSF Form 1207) (Submit Page 2 with original proposal only)
A
Project Summary (not to exceed 1 page)
1
B
Table of Contents (NSF Form 1359)
1
C
Project Description (including Results from Prior NSF Support)
(not to exceed 15 pages) (Exceed only if allowed by a specific
program announcement/solicitation or if approved in advance by the
appropriate NSF Assistant Director or designee)
7
D
References Cited
2
E
Biographical Sketches (Not to exceed 2 pages each)
2
F
Budget
(NSF Form 1030, plus up to 3 pages of budget justification)
7
G
Current and Pending Support (NSF Form 1239)
1
H
Facilities, Equipment and Other Resources (NSF Form 1363)
I
Special Information/Supplementary Documentation
J
Appendix (List below)
Include only if allowed by a specific program announcement/
solicitation or if approved in advance by the appropriate NSF
Assistant Director or designee)
Appendix Items:
*Proposers may select any numbering mechanism for the proposal. The entire proposal, however, must be paginated. Complete
both columns only if the proposal is numbered consecutively.
NSF Form 1359 (10/99)
46
Soto-Centeno
Project Description
Using phylogeography and ecological niche models to investigate
biogeographical patterns in West Indian bats
Introduction
Island biogeography has been a topic of great interest to biologists for centuries (Wallace
1881; Ricklefs and Bermingham 2007). Studies on island biotas have shed light into our
understanding of evolutionary processes such as speciation, adaptive radiation, population and
community structure, and extinction (MacArthur and Wilson 1967; Woods and Sergile 2001;
Ricklefs and Bermingham 2007). The West Indies is considered a natural laboratory for studying
species diversity because of the complex geological history of this Caribbean archipelago.
Although the West Indies is in close proximity to continental populations, individual islands are
sufficiently isolated for speciation to occur.
Isolation and adaptive radiation have
Total
Endemic
promoted high species diversity in these
1,500
islands compared to areas of similar size on
nearby mainlands (see Hedges 1996).
1,125
Higher-level taxonomic diversity (e.g.
ordinal & familial level), in contrast, is low
on this archipelago (Figure 1).
750
Biogeographically, the West Indies is
composed of the Greater Antilles (Cuba, La
375
Española, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico), the
Lesser Antilles, and the Bahamas. Islands
0
close to the northern coast of South
Orders
Families
Genera
Species
America are excluded from this definition
because they share continental biota.
Figure 1. Number of orders, families, genera, and species
Studies addressing biogeographical
native to the West Indies. Adapted from Hedges 1996.
patterns in the West Indies have mainly
used terrestrial vertebrate taxa as models
for developing hypotheses (Rosen 1975; Hedges et al. 1992; Iturralde-Vinent and MacPhee
1999; Davalos 2004; and references therein). Although important findings have resulted from
previous research, biogeographical patterns of origin and diversification for many West Indian
taxa are difficult to perceive, particularly for vagile species (i.e. those that disperse easily). No
biogeographical study on West indian bats has assessed biogeographic questions at the
population level and the role of ecological factors that contributed to the origin and dispersal of
bats is not understood. I propose to to examine these areas integrating a phylogeographic
framework with ecological niche models.
Hypotheses of Caribbean Biogeography
A pivotal question concerning the biogeography of the West Indies relates to how the
diversity seen there arose (i.e. from within or outside the islands). Three main hypotheses have
been proposed to explain the origins and diversity of the fauna of the West Indies: 1) Passive
over-water dispersal (Hedges 1982; Hedges et al. 1992; Hedges 1996) on water rafts originating
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SOTO-CENTENO
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
from South America. 2) Continent-Island vicariance (Rosen 1975), which posits an initial overwater dispersal followed by speciation via vicariance (separation of biota) resulting from
continental drift. 3) Gaarlandia land span and island-to-island vicariance (Iturralde-Vinent and
MacPhee 1999), which is dispersal via continuous or intermittent ancient land spans exposed
during phases of low sea level followed by speciation via vicariance.
Previous studies testing these hypotheses have used the geological history of the Caribbean
to describe the origin of non-volant terrestrial vertebrates. However, a more complicated scenario
arises when studying vagile species, such as bats or birds, to test these hypotheses. Dávalos
(2004) used historical biogeographical methods to test the three West Indian biogeographical
hypotheses using all Cenozoic Caribbean non-volant mammals and four bat lineages
(Mormoopidae, Natalidae, Phyllonycterninae, and Stenodermatinae) as a model. In all
mammalian relationships, Dávalos (2004) found no evidence of support of one biogeographical
hypothesis over the other. Specifically to bats, data on the mormoopids supported the vicariance
hypothesis and the natalids supported dispersal; however no specific hypothesis could explain
the origin of phyllonycterines or stenodermatines because of the lack of understanding of their
phylogenetic relationships (Dávalos 2004) and the ecological adaptations that determine their
distribution.
Studies combining a phylogeographic framework with ecological niche models of West
Indian bats can help explain their origin, diversity, and dispersal patterns by generating fine scale
relationships among taxa. Bats’ adaptive radiation, dispersal ability, and dietary diversity make
them an ideal model to study questions about evolutionary processes in a genetic and ecological
niche context in the West Indies. Phylogeographic studies coupled with niche models can help
describe distributional patterns in ecological and evolutionary time. This approach provides a
system in which new hypotheses of origin, population structure, and the ecological factors
influencing these two can be explored to
elucidate biogeographical patterns of
insular bats.
Figure 2. Hypothesized dispersal routes of bats towards the
Caribbean. FL=Florida, JAM=Jamaica, HISP=Hispaniola,
PR=Puerto Rico, LES AN=Lesser Antilles, CEN & SO
AM=Central & South America. Numbers represent
colonization routes.
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Distribution patterns in Caribbean bats
Endemism in West Indian bats is high,
with 25% and 50% of all genera and
species, respectively, being endemic to
the region. Over-water dispersal is
probably the most likely way of
colonization of bats to the West Indies;
followed by adaptive radiation of some
species via vicariance. Three main routes
of colonization have been described
(Figure 2): 1) From the Honduran bank
and the Yucatán peninsula of México east
to Jamaica and Cuba, respectively. 2)
From Florida, US south directly to Cuba
or through the Bahamas. 3) From South
SOTO-CENTENO
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
America north through the Lesser Antilles. The importance of the Northern route is deemed
questionable because bats (e.g. Tadarida brasiliensis) more likely colonized the islands using the
Central American route (Rodríguez-Durán and Kunz. 2001).
Four bat species (Artibeus jamaicensis, Noctilio leporinus, Molossus molossus, and Tadarida
brasiliensis) are represented throughout the West Indies and are also widespread in North,
Central, and South America. Many other West Indian bats occur either in the Greater Antilles or
the Lesser Antilles, but not both. Differential colonization ability or selection for species with
strong dispersal abilities that can cross the gap between the Greater and Lesser Antilles
(Anegada Gap) might explain the variance in species distribution. The genus Monophyllus is
represented throughout Greater and Lesser Antilles and perhaps shows the most interesting
biogeographical distribution. This genus includes two species; M. redmani and M. plethodon, and
perhaps it represents the adaptive radiation
of a more widely distributed species,
rather than an example of dispersal over
the Anegada Gap. However, the origin
and distribution of Monophyllus remains
to be determined (but see Baker et al.
2003).
Study system
In this study, I will assess the origin
and phylogeography of the bat genus
Monophyllus. The geographic origin of
the genus Monophyllus is unknown but
likely to be in the Caribbean (Figure 3).
M. redmani (Greater Antillean longtongued bat) occurs on all the Greater
Antilles, whereas M. plethodon (Lesser
Antillean long-tongued bat) is restricted
to the larger islands of the Lesser
Antilles (Figure 4). M. plethodon is also
known from fossil cave deposits on
Puerto Rico, indicating that at some
time it may have occurred
sympatrically with M. redmani
(Schwartz and Jones 1967).
Phylogenetic studies have shown that
the genus Monophyllus is the most
primitive taxon in the Glossophaginae,
which also includes Glossophaga and
Leptonycteris (Baker et al. 2003; Figure
3). Glossophaga and Leptonycteris,
however, are largely restricted to
Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships of glossophagine bats
inferring a Caribbean origin for Monophyllus. Modified
from Baker et al. 2003.
Figure 4. Geographic distribution of M. redmani and M.
plethodon. See figure 1 for abbreviations.
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Central and South America with sporadic occurrences in the Lesser Antilles, Netherlands
Antilles, and Trinidad and Tobago. The hypothesized Caribbean origin of Monophyllus and its
relationship with species that originated in the mainland make this group interesting and unique
among other members of the Glossophaginae. Studying the phylogeography of Monophyllus is
therefore important because it provides insight into the factors contributing to insular bat
dispersal ability, a possible Caribbean radiation to Central and South America, patterns of
population structure, and speciation in the Glossophaginae. Specifically, I will examine the
following hypotheses: 1) The Caribbean origin of the genus Monophyllus; 2) Populationlevel processes are maintaining specific structure among populations; and 3) Ecological
factors play a role in the differentiation of populations and speciation.
Methods
Taxon sampling.—I will collect tissue samples from 250 bats (along with voucher specimens
when possible) from Monophyllus throughout its range (Table 1). Bats will be captured using 9m
x 2.5m mist nets in foraging areas or a 1.5m2 harp-trap placed at the entrance to the cave. Rangewide collecting will encompass localities with a variety of habitats to represent the possible
ecological niche variation in Monophyllus. Individuals from variable habitats in each island also
will allow me to best capture genetic and morphological variability between and within species.
Available tissue samples and museum specimens will be included in analysis to increase sample
size. Relationships between populations of Monophyllus will be studied using a combined
approach of molecular and morphological analyses as well as ecological analyses from niche
models.
Island
Species
Approximate
localities
Specimens per
locality
Total
Jamaica
M.r. redmani
5
10
50
Cuba
M.r. clinedaphus
1b
15
15
La Hispaniola
M.r. clinedaphus
5
10
50
Turks & Caicos /
M.r. clinedaphus?
Bahamas
1
15
15
Puerto Rico
M.r. portoricensis
5
10
50
Lesser Antilles
M. plethodona
7 islands
10
70
Table 1. Summary of proposed collections for Monophyllus. M.r. = Monophyllus redmani; ? = Subspecific
designation questionable (Buden 1975); a = Three subspecies of M. plethodon are currently recognized, all will be
sampled; b = Other collecting localities in Cuba pending.
1) Caribbean origin of Monophyllus
• Do populations of Monophyllus show geographical differentiation?
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
• Does genetic differentiation among populations explain the origin and dispersal of
this genus?
To answer these questions I will use a phylogenetic approach. I will use molecular and
morphological analyses to determine geographical differentiation and geographical origin of
Monophyllus. I will amplify the entire mithochondrial cytochrome b gene (Cytb) as well as a
nuclear marker yet to be determined. Cytb has been widely used to decipher intraspecific
variation in related species of bat (e.g. Hoffmann and Baker 2001; Carstens et al. 2004). Primers
will be designed using sequences acquired from GenBank (M. redmani AF382888, M. plethodon
AF382887—Hoffmann and Baker 2001) and the entire gene will be amplified using PCR.
Samples of Cytb will be sequenced, then edited and aligned using SEQUENCHER 4 (GeneCodes).
Because of the nature of the specimens collected, external (e.g. forearm length) and cranial (e.g.
cranio-dental features) morphological characters from standard museum preparations will be
recorded. Methods and terminology of morphological characters will follow those used by
Schwartz and Jones (1967) and complemented with those used by Freeman (1981). Phylogenetic
analysis will be performed using PAUP* 4 (Sinauer Assoc.). Both molecular and morphological
data will be used in individual phylogenetic analyses as well as in a Maximum Likelihood and
mixed-model Bayesian approach to determine relationships among populations of Monophyllus.
Glossophaga and Leptonycteris have been selected as outgroup taxa for this analysis based on
their relationship with Monophyllus (see Figure 3).
2) Population-level processes and genetic structure
• Do populations of Monophyllus show specific genetic structure?
• Is genetic structure correlated with biogeographical patterns in Monophyllus?
The extent to which genetic structure is apparent in a population can reflect the level of coancestry within each group in relation to the total population (Burland et al. 1999). To assess
genetic differentiation, total genomic DNA will be isolated for tissues of individual bats and then
will be genotyped for 20 polymorphic microsatellite loci. Among all samples throughout the
range, I will assess genetic diversity and differentiation patterns, and describe genetic structure
and migration in Monophyllus. I will use the program STRUCTURE (Falush et al. 2007) to
determine the number of populations and identify their genetic structure based on genotyped
microsatellite data. By determining genetic structure, I will be able to infer the origin of genomic
variation of individual bats forming a population and how distantly related from each other these
populations are. Understanding movement and divergence among populations of Monophyllus
will allow me to reconstruct biogeographical patterns at a fine scale. I will use the software IM
(Jody Hey) to estimate the divergence time of most recent common ancestor and migrations
between populations. Genotyped individuals will be assessed for cryptic genetic structure and
migration patterns to determine geographical aggregation of genotypes of different populations
and their origin. Spatially determined genetic structure will be analyzed using the program
GENELAND 2 (Estoup, Guillot & Santos). Spatial analysis of genetic structure will allow me to
assign geographic ranges to virtual populations based on genetics (as opposed to delineating
populations manually), which will increase the resolution of ecological niche models.
3) Assessment of ecological factors via ecological niche models
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SOTO-CENTENO
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
• Do ecological requirements play a role in speciation shaping population structure and
biogeographical patterns?
Ecological niche models (ENM) can be used to forecast the arrival of populations or species
into new areas by extrapolating information from known ecological requirements. According to
the niche conservatism hypothesis, species have the tendency to retain ecological characteristics
of their ancestors (Wiens and Graham 2005). Phylogenetic niche conservatism regulates the
ecological conditions that can be tolerated by different species, the dispersal patterns of these
species, and the nature of the vicariant factors influencing their distribution (Wiens and
Donoghue 2004). I will use ENM as a tool for predicting the distributions of the two species in
Monophyllus based upon their ecological requirements (Peterson 2006). This method yields the
opportunity to examine the niche of a species based on its known distribution and the
environmental parameters of where a species occurs. I will use a set of bioclimatic parameters
like elevation, minimum and maximum temperature, rainfall, and solar radiation obtained in the
from of digitized climate layers (e.g. ANUCLIM and BIOCLIM; Carstens and Richards 2007;
Knowles et al. 2007). These parameters are developed for worldwide land areas at a 1km spatial
resolution (Hijmans et al. 2005). I will use these digitized layers in geographic information
systems (GIS) datasets to generate predictive distributions of species from known localities
collected in the field as well as from museum specimens. Multiple bioclimatic parameters
derived from present measurements and past climatic estimates, will be used to generate
predictive distributions. Distributional inferences generated via ENM can help resolve the
evolutionary history of a species. Similarly, ENM will allow me to identify ecological barriers or
corridors that may affect the distribution of Monophyllus. Knowledge of these ecological features
can help determine whether speciation has occurred by events of vicariance or if gene flow due
to migration is playing a role in maintaining structured populations.
Scientific Merit
Studies on biogeographical patterns of bats on the West Indies have relied on geological and
historical biogeographical methods to explain the origin and distribution of species. While
previous research has uncovered interesting patterns, some taxa demand better biogeographical
resolution. Detailed biogeographical information is missing, although it is essential for the
understanding of evolutionary processes driving speciation and extinction. The use of a
phylogeographic framework (and tools for population-level analyses) in combination with
ecological niche models has been used successfully for elucidating species relationships at a fine
scale (see Graham et al. 2004). The implementation of this integrative and novel approach to
West Indian bat biogeography will uncover aspects of origin, dispersal, and adaptive radiation
that so far have been overlooked.
Broader Impacts
The proposed research will result in various components which will contribute to the
scientific understanding of undergraduate students as well as the general public. The first
component involves the education, mentoring, and training of underrepresented groups and
promotion of citizen science. The second component involves the dissemination of scientific
knowledge to a broad audience.
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SOTO-CENTENO
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Training of undergraduates will involve two groups. Group 1: I will recruit undergraduate
students through the Office of Graduate Minority Programs at University of Florida to
collaborate in genetic and morphological aspects of this project. The students be trained and
involved in the preparation of manuscripts and presentations resulting from this research.
Additionally, the students will be given the opportunity and encouragement to explore original
research ideas under my mentorship. Group 2: I am collaborating with A. Rodríguez-Durán from
Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico. I will train two students from UIAPR and they will
have full participation in field work pertaining to this research while collecting data to study
dietary preferences of Monophyllus in areas where this baseline data is lacking. This
collaboration will culminate in the presentation of results at the North American Symposium on
Bat Research and publication of findings in which both students will be included as authors.
I will promote citizen science by teaching and training locals in each of the islands I visit
during this research. Bats are regarded as malign or scary creatures in most Caribbean islands
and they frequently are subjected to disturbance by people. I am especially interested in teaching
locals about conservation and the benefits that bats can provide as natural insect control agents,
and as seed dispersers and pollinators of economically important plants.
I have devised three methods for disseminating the scientific findings of my research. First, I
will publish some aspects of this research in Focus (from UIAPR) and Natural History
magazines. These are free magazines distributed through all campuses at UIAPR and to members
at FLMNH, respectively. These publications reach a broad audience of students, university
professors, and alumni as well as the general public. I will also sign up as a ‘curator’ for the
online pages for Monophyllus plethodon and M. redmani at ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LIFE
(www.eol.org) to outreach to a world-wide community. Second, I will contact local newspapers
and/or conservation agencies in all localities visited to produce general publications about the
conservation aspect and impact of this research in their community. Third, specimens produced
from this research will be deposited at the Division of Mammalogy and the Genetics Resources
Repository at Florida Museum of Natural History. FLMNH is a top repository for Caribbean
fauna and flora. Specimens deposited in these collections will be accessible for loan and via
FLMNH online databases and I also will submit character matrices and trees produced by this
research to TreeBASE (www.treebase.org) to increase dissemination of data to the entire scientific
community.
7 of 7
SOTO-CENTENO
REFERENCES
References
Baker, R.J., et al. (2003) Evolutionary relationships and classification of New World Leaf-nosed
bats inferred from DNA sequences. Occasional Papers, Mus. Tex. Tech. Univ. 230, 1–32
Buden, D.W. (1975) Monophyllus redmani Leach (Chiroptera) from the Bahamas, with notes on
variation in the species. J. Mamm. 56, 369–377
Burland, T.M., et al. (1999) Population genetic structure and gene flow in a gleaning bat,
Plecotus auritus. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 266, 975–980
Carstens, B.C. and C.L. Richards (2007) Integrating coalescent and ecological niche modeling
in comparative phylogeography. Evolution. 61, 1439–1454
Carstens, B.C., et al. (2004) Exploring population genetic structure in three species of Lesser
Antillean bats. Molec. Ecol. 13, 2557–2566
Dávalos, L.M. (2004) Phylogeny and biogeography of Caribbean mammals. Biol. J. Linn. Soc.
81, 373–394
Falush, D., et al. (2007) Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data:
dominant markers and null alleles. Molec. Ecol. Notes. Open article online.
Freeman, P. W. (1981) A multivariate study of the family Molossidae (Mammalia, Chiroptera):
morphology, ecology, evolution. Fieldiana. 7, 173 pp.
Graham, C.H., et al. (2004) Integrating phylogenetics and environmental niche models to explore
speciation mechanisms in dendrobatid frogs. Evol. 58, 1781–1793
Hedges, S.B. 1982. Caribbean biogeography: Implications of recent plate tectonics studies. Syst.
Zool. 31, 518–522
Hedges, S.B., et al. (1992) Caribbean biogeography: molecular evidence for dispersal in West
Indian terrestrial vertebrates. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 89, 1909–1913
Hedges, S.B. 1996. Historical biogeography of West Indian vertebrates. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 27,
163–196
Hijmans, R.J., et al. (2005) Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land
areas. Int. J. Climatol. 25, 1965–1978
Hoffmann, F.G., and R.J. Baker. (2001) Systematics of bats in the genus Glossophaga
(Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) and phylogeography of G. soricina based on the cytochrome b
gene. J. Mamm. 82, 1092–1101
1 of 2
SOTO-CENTENO
REFERENCES
Iturralde-Vinent, M.A. and R.D.E. MacPhee. 1999. Paleogeography of the Caribbean region:
Implications for Cenozoic biogeography. Bull. Am. Mus. Natl. Hist. 238, 95 pp.
Knowles, L.L., et al. (2007) Coupling genetic and ecological niche models to examine how past
population distributions contribute to divergence. Curr. Biol. 17, 940–946
MacArthur, R.H. and E.O. Wilson (1967) The theory of island biogeography. Princeton
University Press
Peterson, A.T. (2006) Uses and requirements of ecological niche models and related
distributional models. Biodiv. Inform. 3, 59–72
Ricklefs, R. and E. Bermingham. 2007. The West Indies as a laboratory of biogeography and
evolution. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. Online, 1–21
Rodríguez-Durán, A. and T.H. Kunz (2001) Biogeography of West Indian Bats: An ecological
perspective. In Biogeography of the West Indies: Patterns and perspectives (Woods, C.A. and
Sergile, F. eds), pp. 355–368, CRC Press
Rosen, D.E. (1975) A vicariance model of Caribbean biogeography. Syst. Zool. 24, 431–464
Schwartz, A. and J.K. Jones (1967) Review of the bats of the endemic Antillean genus
Monophyllus. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 124, 1–20
Wallace, A.R. (1881) Island life; or the phenomena and causes of insular faunas and floras,
including a revision and attempted solution of the problem of geological climates. Harper
Brothers
Wiens, J.J. and M.J. Donoghue (2004) Historical biogeography, ecology and species richness.
Trends Ecol. Evol. 19, 639–644
Wiens, J.J. and C.H. Graham (2005) Niche conservatism: Integrating evolution, ecology, and
conservation biology. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 36, 519–539
Woods, C.A. and F. Sergile (2001) Biogeography of the West Indies: Patterns and perspectives.
CRC Press
2 of 2
SOTO-CENTENO
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
J. ANGEL SOTO-CENTENO
Address: Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
Office: 352-273-1977; Fax: 352-846-0287; Email: [email protected]
Professional preparation:
Eastern Michigan University
Interamerican University of Puerto Rico
Ph.D.
M.S.
B.S.
Appointments:
Curatorial Assistant of Genetics Resources Repository
Florida Museum of Natural History
Collection Manager of Herpetology
San Diego Natural History Museum
Research Assistant of Mammalogy
San Diego Natural History Museum
Teaching Assistant of Biology
Eastern Michigan University
Zoology
expected 2011
Ecosystems Biology
2004
Biology
2000
2007 - present
2004 - 2007
2003 - 2007
2001 - 2003
Publications:
Five most relevant publications:
Kurta, A, J. O. Whitaker, W.J. Wrenn, and J.A. Soto-Centeno. 2007. Ectoparasitic assemblages
on Mormoopid bats (Chiroptera: Mormoopidae) from Puerto Rico. Journal of Medical
Entomology 44:953–958.
García-García, J.L., A. Santos-Moreno, A.M. Alfaro, and J.A. Soto-Centeno. 2007. Noteworthy
records of Eptesicus brasiliensis (Vespertilionidae) from Oaxaca, México. Bat Research
News 48:5–6.
Soto-Centeno, J.A., and A. Kurta. 2006. Diet of two nectarivorous bats, Erophylla sezekorni and
Monophyllus redmani (Phyllostomidae) on Puerto Rico. Journal of Mammalogy 87:19–26.
Soto-Centeno, J.A., and A. Kurta. 2003. Description of fetal and newborn brown flower bats,
Erophylla sezekorni (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Caribbean Journal of Science, 39:233–
234.
Rodríguez-Durán, A., and J.A. Soto-Centeno. 2003. Temperature selection by tropical bats
roosting in caves. Journal of Thermal Biology, 28:465–468.
Additional publications:
Heim, C.D., B. Alexander, R.W. Hansen, J.H. Valez-Villavicencio, T.J. Devitt, B.D.
Hollingsworth, J.A. Soto-Centeno, and C.R. Mahrdt. 2005. Ensatina eschsholtzii klauberi
(Range Extension Notes). Herpetological Review 36:330–331.
Soto-Centeno, J.A., A. Rodríguez-Durán, and E. Cortes-Rosa. 2002. Erophylla sezekorni and
Brachyphylla cavernarum: Diet of two phyllostomid bats in Puerto Rico. Bat Research
News, 42:180–181.
1 of 2
SOTO-CENTENO
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Synergistic Activities:
Service Experience:
Departmental Associate
2007 - present
Department of Herpetology; San Diego Natural History Museum
Collections Committee
2006 - present
American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
Collections Security and Emergency Committee
2006 - 2007
Biodiversity Research Center of the Californias; San Diego Natural History Museum
Mentoring and Teaching:
While working as collection manager at SDNHM, I helped develop and lead an initiative to
improve the conditions and build on the herpetological collections at Universidad Autónoma de
Baja California (UABC), México. I aided in the development of a database and standardized
practices for the proper curation and maintenance of a biological collection. I trained three
students from UABC on specimen collecting, preparation, and curation, and contributed to the
development of their undergraduate thesis projects. Today, the herpetological collection of
UABC consists of over 2,500 specimens and is in the process of accreditation by the Instituto
Nacional de Ecologia (INE) in México.
During these years I also served as supervisor and mentor to 12 volunteers that helped with
the management of the herpetological collections at SDNHM. Among this army of volunteers
were nine biology undergraduate students from San Diego State University (SDSU). In addition
to training these students in collection management, I introduced many of them to fieldwork
through research projects in Southern California. Two of these volunteers later applied and were
accepted to the Evolutionary Biology master’s program at SDSU and a third student was
admitted to the graduate program in Geological Sciences at UC Riverside.
Additionally, in the 2003 school year, I participated in the program After-School Science
Adventures at SDNHM. In this program, I was in charge of teaching a one-hour science course
to 40 elementary school children in an inner city school on San Diego. I feel that this experience
was particularly important in the academic career of the participating students because science
classes were not included in the curriculum in this school district. Through After-School Science
Adventures, I guided this group through scientifically accurate, hands-on activities that applied
to their day-to-day lives; thereby inspiring these children to care about the environment and to be
socially responsible.
Collaborators (past 48 months):
Bradford D. Hollingsworth (SDNHM), Clark Mahrdt (SDNHM), Scott Tremor (SDNHM), Matt
Rahn (SDSU), Jorge Alanis (UABC, MX), Jorge Valdez-Villavicencio (UABC, MX), Thomas
Devitt (UCB), Armando Rodríguez-Durán (UIAPR), Allen Kurta (EMU), and Antonio SantosMoreno (IPN, MX)
2 of 2
FOR NSF USE ONLY
54
SUMMARY PROPOSAL BUDGET
YEAR 1
ORGANIZATION
PROPOSAL NO.
DURATION (MONTHS)
University of Florida / Florida Museum of Natural History
Proposed
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR/PROJECT DIRECTOR
Granted
AWARD NO.
Julio Angel Soto- Centeno
A. SENIOR PERSONNEL: PI/PD, Co-PIs, Faculty and Other Senior Associates
List each separately with name and title. (A.7. Show number in brackets)
NSF-Funded
Person-months
CAL ACAD SUMR
1. Julio Angel Soto-Centeno
2.
$
Funds
Funds
Requested By
Granted by NSF
Proposer
(If Different)
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.
4.
5.
6. ( 0 ) OTHERS (LIST INDIVIDUALLY ON BUDGET EXPLANATION PAGE)
7. ( 1 ) TOTAL SENIOR PERSONNEL (1-6)
B. OTHER PERSONNEL (SHOW NUMBERS IN BRACKETS)
1. ( 0 ) POSTDOCTORAL ASSOCIATES
0
2. ( 0 ) OTHER PROFESSIONALS (TECHNICIAN, PROGRAMMER, ETC.)
0
3. ( 0 ) GRADUATE STUDENTS
4. ( 0 ) UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
5. ( 0 ) SECRETARIAL - CLERICAL (IF CHARGED DIRECTLY)
6. ( 0 ) OTHER
TOTAL SALARIES AND WAGES (A + B)
C. FRINGE BENEFITS (IF CHARGED AS DIRECT COSTS)
TOTAL SALARIES, WAGES AND FRINGE BENEFITS (A + B + C)
D. EQUIPMENT (LIST ITEM AND DOLLAR AMOUNT FOR EACH ITEM EXCEEDING $5,000.)
TOTAL EQUIPMENT
E. TRAVEL
0
1. DOMESTIC (INCL. CANADA, MEXICO AND U.S. POSSESSIONS)
2. FOREIGN
$685.00
F. PARTICIPANT SUPPORT
1. STIPENDS
$ 0
2. TRAVEL
0
3. SUBSISTENCE
0
4. OTHER
0
TOTAL NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS ( 0
)
TOTAL PARTICIPANT COSTS
G. OTHER DIRECT COSTS
1. MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES
2. PUBLICATION/DOCUMENTATION/DISSEMINATION
3. CONSULTANT SERVICES
4. COMPUTER SERVICES
5. SUBAWARDS
6. OTHER
TOTAL OTHER DIRECT COSTS
H. TOTAL DIRECT COSTS (A THROUGH G)
I. INDIRECT COSTS (F&A) (SPECIFY RATE AND BASE)
0
$8,910.04
0
0
0
0
0
$9,595.04
$9,595.04
TOTAL INDIRECT COSTS (F&A)
J. TOTAL DIRECT AND INDIRECT COSTS (H + I)
K. RESIDUAL FUNDS (IF FOR FURTHER SUPPORT OF CURRENT PROJECT SEE GPG II.D.7.j.)
L. AMOUNT OF THIS REQUEST (J) OR (J MINUS K)
0
$9,595.04
0
$9,595.04
M. COST SHARING: PROPOSED LEVEL $ 0
PI/PD TYPED NAME AND SIGNATURE*
AGREED LEVEL IF DIFFERENT: $
FOR NSF USE ONLY
DATE
ORG. REP. TYPED NAME & SIGNATURE*
DATE
NSF Form 1030 (10/99) Supersedes All Previous Editions
*SIGNATURES REQUIRED ONLY FOR REVISED BUDGET (GPG III.C)
INDIRECT COST RATE VERIFICATION
Date Checked Date of Rate Sheet
Initials-ORG
FOR NSF USE ONLY
54
YEAR 2
ORGANIZATION
PROPOSAL NO.
DURATION (MONTHS)
Proposed
Granted
AWARD NO.
NSF-Funded
Person-months
CAL ACAD SUMR
2.
$
Funds
Funds
Requested By
Granted by NSF
Proposer
(If Different)
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.
4.
5.
0
0
6. ( 0 ) OTHER
TOTAL EQUIPMENT
E. TRAVEL
0
2. FOREIGN
$3,673.00
1. STIPENDS
$ 0
2. TRAVEL
0
3. SUBSISTENCE
0
4. OTHER
0
)
5. SUBAWARDS
6. OTHER
0
$5,618.05
0
0
0
0
0
$9,291.05
$9,291.05
0
$9,291.05
0
$9,291.05
FOR NSF USE ONLY
DATE
DATE
Initials-ORG
FOR NSF USE ONLY
54
YEAR 3
ORGANIZATION
PROPOSAL NO.
DURATION (MONTHS)
Proposed
Granted
AWARD NO.
NSF-Funded
Person-months
CAL ACAD SUMR
2.
$
Funds
Funds
Requested By
Granted by NSF
Proposer
(If Different)
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.
4.
5.
0
0
6. ( 0 ) OTHER
TOTAL EQUIPMENT
E. TRAVEL
0
2. FOREIGN
$979.80
1. STIPENDS
$ 0
2. TRAVEL
0
3. SUBSISTENCE
0
4. OTHER
0
)
5. SUBAWARDS
6. OTHER
0
$1,397.20
0
0
0
0
0
$2,377.00
$2,377.00
0
$2,377.00
0
$2,377.00
FOR NSF USE ONLY
DATE
DATE
Initials-ORG
FOR NSF USE ONLY
54
Cumulative
ORGANIZATION
PROPOSAL NO.
DURATION (MONTHS)
Proposed
Granted
AWARD NO.
NSF-Funded
Person-months
CAL ACAD SUMR
2.
$
Funds
Funds
Requested By
Granted by NSF
Proposer
(If Different)
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.
4.
5.
0
0
6. ( 0 ) OTHER
TOTAL EQUIPMENT
E. TRAVEL
0
2. FOREIGN
$5,337.80
1. STIPENDS
$ 0
2. TRAVEL
0
3. SUBSISTENCE
0
4. OTHER
0
)
5. SUBAWARDS
6. OTHER
0
$15,925.29
0
0
0
0
0
$21,263.09
$21,263.09
0
$21,263.09
0
$21,263.09
FOR NSF USE ONLY
DATE
DATE
Initials-ORG
Budget Justification
- Field: Different collecting approaches will be used depending on the characteristics of the
collecting locality (e.g. roost, forest, agricultural field). I will collect a total of 275 individual
bats throughout the range of Monophyllus. Field equipment will be used throughout the duration
of the study.
All prices for collecting gear determined from Bat Conservation and Management, Avinet,
Acuderm (biological supplies for wing tissues), Bioquip, and Fisher Scientific.
Harp trap (BCM Cave Catcher) 1 X $680.00
Mist nets (Avinet 9 m bat net) 10 X $ 89.00 = $890.00
Net poles (BCM Collapsible, 30 tops & 15 bottoms) 15 X $ 53.25 = $798.75
Holding bags (Avinet economy bag three-packs) 15 X 10.75 = $161.25
Acu-Punch (3 mm wing punch box of 50) 4 X $68.95 = $275.80
Hand net (Bioquip ‘tropics’ expandable hand net) 1 X $88.70
Tissue tubes (FisherSci NUNC 1.8 ml tubes box of 450) 1 X $257.54
TOTAL field supplies: $3,152.04
- Laboratory: To determine the origin and population structure of the genus Monophyllus
throughout its range, I will sequence two mitochondrial markers and 20 nuclear microsatellite
loci for specimens collected in each island. In total, I will analyze 275 bats from both species
within the genus Monophyllus.
All prices were determined through Qiagen (Dneasy DNA kits), Fisher Scientific (gloves, tubes,
tips, gel electrophoresis), IDT primer technologies, and Applied Biosystems (florescent labeled
primers). Costs for sequencing and genotyping were determined through the University of
Florida’s Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research (Sequencing plate = $249.00,
Genotyping $1 per well).
A. Year 1: Monophyllus redmani - Jamaica and La Hispaniola
Travel: Jamaica $369.00, La Hispaniola $316.00
Laboratory:
- DNA Extractions 100 bats
Dneasy Mini Kit 100 amplifications (2 X 123.00) $246.00
- Sequence Data
COI – 100 Samples
PCR 1.80 X 100 = $180.00
Sequencing (forward and reverse 2 plates X $249.00) $498.00
CytB – 100 Samples
PCR 1.80 X 100 = $180.00
* The cost for each PCR includes money for gloves, tips, gel electrophoresis, and
cleaning with ExoSAP-IT = $1.80 per PCR
Microsatellite Loci – Genome Screening
To screen the Monophyllus genome for variable microsatellite loci I will sequence 2 plates with
microsatellite inserts to find microsatellites with ample flanking regions for primer design
(beyond 50 bp of flanking sequence). I will design primers using the software PRIMER3 and test
for variability in 50 microsatellites using 8 bats (1 per subspecies = 5, with the exception of M. r.
clinedaphus from which I will sample 1 per island =3). Twenty variable loci will then be selected
for Genotyping all bats.
Primers
50 Forward (5$ each) $250.00
50 Reverse ($5 each) $250.00
50 M13 Tagged Forward primers ($9 each) $450.00
Dyed Primers – (yellow, red, green, blue) $500.00
PCR - 8 bats X 50 PCR ($0.87) $346.00
Genotyping - 8 bats, 50 loci = 13 wells per bat) $130.00
Microsatellite Loci – Genotyping
PCR – 100 bats X 20 Loci = $1730.00
Genotyping – 20 loci, 4 loci per well = $5 per well X 100 = $500.00
* Costs of each PCR include money for gloves, tips tubes and gel electrophoresis = $0.87
TOTAL travel/lab Year 1: $6,443.00
B. Year 2: Monophyllus from Puerto Rico and the Lesser Antilles
Travel: Puerto Rico $254.00, Barbados $559.00, St. Lucia $680.00, Anguilla $608.00, Antigua
$567.00, Dominica $1005.00
Laboratory:
- Sequence Data
COI – 145 Samples
PCR 1.80 X 145 = $261.00
CytB – 145 Samples
PCR 1.80 X 145 = $261.00
PCR – 145 bats X 20 Loci = $2508.05
C. Year 3: Monophyllus from Turks & Caicos, Bahamas, and Cuba
Travel: Bahamas/Turks & Caicos $479.80, Cuba $500.00 (approximated)
Laboratory:
- Sequence Data
COI – 30 Samples
PCR 1.80 X 30 = $54.00
Sequencing (forward and reverse 1 plate X $249.00) $249.00
CytB – 30 Samples
PCR 1.80 X 30 = $54.00
Sequencing (forward and reverse 1 plate X $249.00) $249.00
PCR – 30 bats X 20 Loci = $519.00
CUMULATIVE TOTAL: $21,263.09
Current and Pending Support
(See GPG Section II.D.8 for guidance on information to include on this form.)
The following information should be provided for each investigator and other senior personnel. Failure to provide this
information may delay consideration of this proposal.
Other agencies (including NSF) to which this proposal has been/will be submitted.
Investigator: Julio Angel Soto-Centeno
Support:
Current
X Pending
Submission Planned in Near Future
*Transfer of Support
Project/Proposal Title: Using phylogeography and ecological niche models to investigate biogeographical patterns in West Indian bats
Source of Support:
NSF
Total Award Amount: $ 21,263.09
Total Award Period Covered:
Location of Project: University of Florida / Florida Museum of Natural History
Cal: 0
Person-Months Per Year Committed to the Project.
Support:
X Current
Pending
Acad: 0
Sumr: 0
Project/Proposal Title: Specimen tag replacement for the herpetology collection at the San Diego Natural History Museum
Source of Support: NSF
Total Award Amount: $ 77,728.00
Location of Project: San Diego Natural History Museum
Support:
Current
Pending
Cal: 0
Acad: 0
Sumr: 0
Project/Proposal Title:
Source of Support:
Total Award Amount: $
Location of Project:
Support:
Current
Pending
Cal:
Acad:
Sumr:
Source of Support:
Support:
Current
Pending
Cal:
Acad:
Sumr:
Source of Support:
Cal:
Acad:
Sumr:
*If this project has previously been funded by another agency, please list and furnish information for immediately preceding funding period.
NSF Form 1239 (10/99)
55
USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS AS NECESSARY
FACILITIES, EQUIPMENT & OTHER RESOURCES
FACILITIES: Identify the facilities to be used at each performance site listed and, as appropriate, indicate their capacities, pertinent
capabilities, relative proximity, and extent of availability to the project. Use “Other” to describe the facilities at any other
performance sites listed and at sites for field studies. Use additional pages if necessary.
Laboratory:
The Molecular Laboratory in the Florida Museum of Natural History is fullyequiped with pipettes, thermal cycler (1), centrifuge (1),
Freezer (1),-80 freezer (1), cryofreezer (1), autoclave (1), and gel electorphoresis equipment.
Clinical:
Animal:
N/A - No captive animals will be used in the proposed research
Computer:
The Florida Museum of Natrual History Laboratory of Molecular Systematics and Evolutionary Genetics has the programs
GeneMarker and Sequencher. Allother software needed for this proposal is free online. The FloridaMuseum of Natural History
has a computer cluster of 16 nodes (4 GB RAM per node).
Office:
The PI’s office is located in the Florida Museum of NaturalHistory and is networked to the systems of the institution allowing him
to make full use of all computing power necessary.
.
Other:
MAJOR EQUIPMENT: List the most important items available for this project and, as appropriate, identify the location and
pertinent capabilities of each.
OTHER RESOURCES: Provide any information describing the other resources available for the project. Identify support services
such as consultant, secretarial, machine shop, and electronics shop, and the extent to which they will be available for the project.
Include an explanation of any consortium/contractual/subaward arrangements with other organizations.
NSF Form 1363 (10/99)
56

COVER SHEET FOR PROPOSAL TO THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION

Transcription

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