Classification 1

Transcription

Classification 1
Classification
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MRS C GREN
Living organisms are able to
perform all of MRS C GREN
and non living cannot.
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M
R
S
C
G
R
E
N
= movement
= reproduction
= sensing
= circulation
= growth
= respiration
= excretion
= nutrition
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Movement is
action carried
out by a living
organism e.g.
a flower
opening or a
horse walking
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Reproduction is the ability of living
organisms to make offspring
which are similar to the parents
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Sensing is the
detection and
response to
changes in the
environment
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Circulation is the
movement of
substances
(food, gases,
waste) within
an organism
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Growth is change in an organism
over time
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Respiration is the use of energy
from food molecules
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Excretion is the removal of waste
produced by the organism
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Nutrition is making
or getting food
inside an organism
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Differences
between
plants and
animals
• Animals
- Are usually mobile and able to
move limbs quickly
- Obtain energy by eating other
organisms
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• Have a nervous system and
brain
• Have well developed sense
organs
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• Plants
- Usually fixed or
floating, can move
some parts slowly
- Make their own food
using light
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• Have no nervous system or
brain
• Have no special sense organs
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Grouping living things
There are trillions of living
organisms on Earth.
They are sorted into smaller
groups called species. The
organisms in a species have
common structures and
behaviours and can breed
together to make fertile offspring.
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• Dogs of
different
breeds look
very different
but they can all
mate and
produce fertile
puppies. All
dogs belong to
one species.
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• Horses and
donkeys look and
behave similarly
and they can
mate to produce
offspring called
mules. Mules are
infertile therefore
horses and
donkeys are
different species.
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So far scientists have identified
about two million species.
This is still a large number so
closely related species are
grouped into a genus.
Similar genera are grouped into
a family.
Similar families are grouped
into an order.
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Similar orders are grouped into
a class.
Similar classes are grouped
into a phylum.
And similar phyla are grouped
into kingdoms.
There are five living kingdoms.
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The Five Living Kingdoms
Plants
Animals
Protista
All living
organisms
Monera
Fungi
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The Five Living Kingdoms
• Animal Kingdom
• Plant Kingdom
• Fungi Kingdom
• Protista Kingdom
• Monera Kingdom
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Animal Kingdom
• Multicellular with a
nucleus
• Moving bodies
and parts
• Eat other
organisms for food
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Animal Kingdom
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Plant Kingdom
• Multicellular with a
nucleus
• Immobile but have
moving parts
• Make their own
food
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Fungi Kingdom
• Multicellular
with a nucleus
• Immobile
• Eat other
organisms for
food (external
digestion)
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Protista Kingdom
• Single celled
organisms with
a nucleus
• Mobile
• Some eat other
cells
• Some make own
food (algae)
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Monera Kingdom (Bacteria)
• Single celled
with no nucleus
• Some are
mobile
• Have a range of
different feeding
methods
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Binomial naming system
Every species is given a unique
species name to avoid
confusion. This name has two
parts and is given in Latin.
For example, pine trees are
named Pinus radiata and people
are called Homo sapiens
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Find out the common name of
these NZ organisms
• Diomeda epomophora =
Royal Albatross
• Agathis australis = Kauri
• Ninox novaeseelandiae =
Morepork
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Find out the common name of
these NZ organisms
• Cordyline australis = Cabbage
Tree (Ti Kouka)
• Podocarpus totara = Totara
• Apteryx australis = Brown Kiwi
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Dichotomous key
Keys are used to identify
unknown objects or put them
into groups.
A dichotomous key has a series
of questions which have two
alternative answers.
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They can take up a lot of room!
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A dichotomous key to identify a duck,
a hen, a lizard and a snake
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Classifying animals
All animals
Animals
with
backbones
Animals
without
backbones
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Write the group to which each animal belongs.
Mammal
Amphibian
Reptile
Sample Dichotomous Key
I. Body covering
Aves
A. not covered with hair or feathers - go to II
B. covered with hair or feathers - go to III
II. Skin Texture
A. smooth - Amphibian
B. scaly - Reptile
III. Skin Features
A. covered with feathers - Aves
B. covered with hair - Mammal
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Construct a dichotomous key
Construct your own
dichotomous key to classify
the contents of your pencil
case.
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Dichotomous key for stationery
1a. Item made of at least some metal???????.go to 2
1b. Item does not contain any metal??...............??go to 6
2a. Item used as writing instrument?????..??go to 3
2b. Item not used as writing instrument????...?..go to 4
3a. Item writes with ink?????...............????ballpoint pen
3b. Item writes with carbon?????..?...............?pencil
4a. Item has sharp cutting edge?????...............?scissors
4b. Item does not have a sharp, cutting edge?..............go to 5
5a. Item has a sharp, pointed end???............???thumb tack
5b. Item does not have a sharp, pointed end??.....?..paper clip
6a. Item is hard?????..........????????.go to 7
6b. Item is not hard ?????..........??????..rubber band
7a. Item is numbered in equal divisions???.....??ruler
7b. Item not numbered in equal divisions??..........?go to 8
8a. Item can write on paper????..............???..pencil
8b. Item can't write on paper???........................?..go to 9
9a. Item has a sticky, central core?????....??..glue stick
9b. Item does not have a sticky, central core?.......?..eraser
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