• 1 Checkup Chapter 7

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Checkup
1
•
Chapter 7
The nervous system
(pp. 202–212)
A
Brain
D
Cerebrum
B
Spinal cord
E
Cerebellum
C
Nerve
F
Brain stem
2. Relate each of the following examples to one or more functions of the nervous system,
i.e. receiving, processing, storing or transmitting information.
a) Feeling pain after being stung by an insect
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1. The illustration below depicts the human nervous system. Name each of the
structures indicated.
receiving and processing information
b) Sharing memories from a trip
storing and transmitting information
c) Raising your leg to avoid an obstacle
receiving, processing and transmitting information
d) Listening to your favourite music
receiving and processing information
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3. The illustration below depicts two neurons. Name each of the structures indicated.
A
Dendrites
D
Axon
B
Cell body
E
Axon terminals
C
Nucleus
F
Synapse
4. Name the chemical substances that help transmit
Neurotransmitters
nerve impulses from one neuron to another.
5. The brain communicates with the rest of the body through 12 pairs of nerves. Why are the
nerves usually in pairs?
Because nerve impulses travel only in one direction. In a pair of nerves, one nerve transmits the impulse
a) singing a song
Cerebrum
b) walking on a tightrope without falling
Cerebellum
c) memorizing the script from a play
Cerebrum
d) laughing at a funny joke
Cerebrum
e) digesting a meal
Brain stem
f) walking to school
Brain stem
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6. Name the region of the brain most likely responsible for each of the following activities:
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to the brain and the other transmits the impulse originating from the brain to other parts of the body.
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7. When the doctor taps your knee with a little hammer, he or she is testing your reflexes.
a) Indicate the path taken by the nerve impulse during this procedure.
The nerve impulse travels from the knee to the spinal cord, where it is automatically redirected
to the leg muscles.
b) Name the path taken by the nerve impulse.
The reflex arc
8. Indicate whether the following examples refer to sensory nerves or motor nerves:
Sensory nerves
b) Nerves transmit stimuli coming from
the stomach.
Sensory nerves
c) Certain nerves transmit nerve impulses
to muscles surrounding the intestine.
Motor nerves
d) Certain nerves transmit stimuli coming
from muscles.
Sensory nerves
The sensory organs
(pp. 213–220)
9. For each sensory organ:
a) Name the sense associated with it.
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2
a) The optic nerve conveys nerve impulses
to the brain.
b) Name the structure where the related sensory receptors are located.
c) Name the stimulus or stimuli detected by these sensory receptors.
Write your answers in the table below.
ORGAN
Eye
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SENSE
Vision
STRUCTURE WHERE SENSORY
STIMULI DETECTED BY
RECEPTORS ARE LOCATED
SENSORY RECEPTORS
Retina
Light
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ORGAN
SENSE
STRUCTURE WHERE SENSORY
STIMULI DETECTED BY
RECEPTORS ARE LOCATED
SENSORY RECEPTORS
Ear
Hearing
Cochlea
Sounds
Skin
Touch
Dermis
Tactile, thermal and
painful sensations
Nose
Smell
Olfactory epithelium
Odours
Tongue
Taste
Papillae
Tastes (sweet, sour,
salty, bitter and umami)
10. The lens accommodates according to the distance of the object observed. For each of the
two illustrations below, indicate whether the object is near or far.
Near
Far
11. Name each structure indicated
in the table on the following page.
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b)
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STRUCTURE
A
Auditory canal
FUNCTION
Carries sound vibrations to the eardrum and prevents foreign bodies
from entering the ear.
B
Auditory nerve
Transmits nerve impulses to the brain.
C
Tympanic membrane
Transmits and amplifies sound waves.
(eardrum)
D
Cochlea
Transforms sound waves into nerve impulses.
12. Why do we have the feeling that food has no flavour when our nose is congested?
Only 10 percent of the perception of taste is associated with the tongue. The rest is associated with smell.
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13. To what does each of the following phrases refer?
a) part of the retina where no image can
be formed
Blind spot
b) sensory receptors that detect tastes
Taste buds
c) structures that play a role in balance
Semi-circular canals
d) organ that is responsible for vitamin D
production
The ski
e) transmitter of nerve impulses from the eye
to the brain
Optic nerve
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3
The musculoskeletal system
(pp. 221–228)
14. Name the type of bone for each of the following:
a) cube-shaped bone, composed mainly
of spongy bone
Short bone
b) bone that is longer than it is wide, composed
Long bone
mainly of compact bone
c) bone of the spine
Irregular bone
d) bone that is flat
Flat bone
15. Describe the function of the bones referred to in each of the following cases:
a) These skull bones surround the brain.
Protection
b) Without bones, we would be as soft as a slug.
Support
c) Some patients with leukemia undergo a bone marrow transplant.
d) Minerals are essential to the proper functioning of the organism.
Storage
16. What is the difference between a tendon and a ligament?
• A ligament is connective tissue that attaches one bone to another.
• A tendon is connective tissue that attaches muscles to bones.
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Production of blood cells
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17. Indicate the joint movements illustrated in each example below.
Adduction
Extension
Rotation
18. What function of muscles is described in each of the following situations?
a) The members of the Royal Guard stand
without moving for several hours at a time.
Posture maintenance
b) The temperature of the body is maintained
at about 37ºC.
Heat release
c) Food moves into the esophagus.
Movement
d) Muscles strengthen the junction
between bones.
Joint stabilization
19. What type of muscle is involved in each of the following:
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a) the muscle that forms the ventricles
Cardiac muscle
of the heart
b) the muscle that makes up the wall
of internal organs
Smooth muscle
c) the muscle that makes it possible
to perform voluntary movements
Skeletal muscle
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