re-design of diy workmate

RE-DESIGN OF DIY WORKMATE
By Chris Rose
Figure 1
1. ABSTRACT
A number of problems have been highlighted with the current and the original DIY workmate products.
These include the need to increase the height and stability, surface area of work surface, organising
and tidying tools, accessories, materials and handling of irregular objects.
Keywords: DIY, Workmate, Work Mate, Workbench, Portable, Woodworking, Black and Decker, Wood Work.
2. DESIGN Brief
Research and investigate the issues and complaints users have been having with current and original
DIY workmates, with the intention of designing a new model.
1
3. INTRODUCTION
4. REtailer & review research
3.1
4.1
Initial research involved investigation to seek out what models were currently on the market
and to seek out reviews and comments from customers. What are more useful are the customer
reviews of these products, proving a good source for issues customers have and their opinions
on these products, new innovations and accessories. From finding the products on these sites,
the manufacture or brand website can be tracked down to see what other innovations they are
doing and what else is on the market. Wolfcraft proving to be one of the most innovative at
present. Amazon.com and Tooled-up.com have so far proved most useful both for the wide
range of workmates for direct comparisons.
4.2
Figure 2 displays a range of workmate models top left to right then bottom left to right.
Landis in 1987 states that the workmate was conceived 1961 by Ron Hickman, a designer
working for Lotus, who came up with the idea when he accidently sawed through his chair.
One his wife valued leaving him in trouble. It took till the end of the decade to develop
the idea into a commercial product. To go from a heavy static woodwork work bench to
a lightweight, portable, combination wood work table and sawhorse that combines a work
surface and vice. His concept was originally rejected by Black and Decker. Later when more
refined became one of their best well known products, so much so, the brand is normally
considered part of the product name giving the impression they invented it. A product of this
classification is considered to be a must have product for anyone into DIY. Though now there
are number of companies producing both entry level clone like models, often store own brand
models, as well as a variety of alternative design configurations at the higher ends of the
market introducing new innovations.
3.2
The most common configuration is a basic twin X frame entry level model. Many companies
have produced their own version of this and it is often seen as a store brand model. This is
simpler and smaller than the original Z - frame Hickman product introduced in the 1960s and
is known as the Euro Model. The rest of the Black and Decker workmate range are variations
of the original Z-frame step seen in Figure 1 above with a step. Z-frame models have fold
up lower leg segments which effectively grant the unit 2 work levels, so the step can be on
the floor or raised on the folding legs. In all cases the frames are designed to hold sufficient
weight on the work top surface, to carry out DIY tasks and then to fold up for portability and
storage. The higher range models holding more weight and can hold vertical boards with one
side of the work table folding up. This work surface also forms a vice as it splits in two via a
helix gear.
3.3
The project here will be to investigate how problems with workmates can be dealt with to
develop a new system.
Clamp opens
via helix.
Cylinder Groove
Figure 2 Cite (www.Tooledup.com 2012)
Clamp opens
via helix.
Dual Height
Fold Up Legs
Figure 1 Cite (www.Tooledup.com 2012)
2
•
Black & Decker Workmate
301
•
Black & Decker Workmate
425
•
Rockwell Jaw Horse
•
The Keiter Folding Worktable
•
The Bosch PWB600.
•
Wolfcraft 6182 Master 600
Workbench
4.3
It is a variant of the Black and
Decker 301 top left model in
Figure 3. Cite Tooled-up.com. (2013).
3
figure 2 that most think of when a workmate is mentioned. As the price goes up the work surface
tends to get bigger allowing for wider items to be worked on. The exception being saw horses
such as the Rockwell Jawhorse in figure 2 top right which according to Popular Mechanics
reviewer Doug Mahony 2010 this has a foot pumped clamping system which is far better than
the Black and Decker’s. As a work table, the Black and Decker 425 wins hands down. More
advanced Black and Decker models have both a screw vice and an additional lift and pin system
(Figure 4) to widen the work top. Some have the ability to tilt the rear table panel 90 degrees up
as can be seen in figure 3 & 4.
4.4
4.5
4.6
The Keiter Folding Worktable (Bottom left figure 2) according to Wood Magazine 2012 can
clamp vertically as well as horizontally, can hold an excessive 180kg, is very easy to collapse
into a thin easy to carry unit and has a wide table surface. This also has a huge internal tool
storage.
Figure 5
Wolfcraft has looked into the issue of raising the work surface to nearly 1m, a comfortable
height for prolonged work. (Figure 2 bottom right), as well as a number of accessories in
figure 5 that prove useful for holding a variety of shape materials, including holding cylinders
horizontal or vertical. These attached power tools safely at an angle or vertically and clamping
down wide flat materials. See www.wolfcraft.com. These prevent the 2nd most common
injury listed in figure 20. In Figure 6 you can see various bench jaws that can hold pipes and
irregular objects such as branches and holding planks at an angle.
The Bosch is the next tallest at 800mm. This folds very easily, fairly flat into a neat easy to
Figure 6
Product
Black and Decker WM300
Black and Decker WM536
Black and Decker WM626-GB
Black and Decker WM825
Sealy Foldup Workmate FWB1
Bosch 600 PWB
Draper Tilt & Clamp Fold Down
Wolfcraft 1 Master 600
Max Height Length Clamp Gap Table Max Width Jaw Open Load Limit Weight Apx Price Fold up Table Top?
760
775
775
800
785
834
600
950
610
610
742
830
605
640
650
650 ?
115
136
136
205
240
85
280
341
?
384
541
?
525
?
425
Figure 7 & 8 Below Cite Tooledup.com (2012)
Figure 4
4
5
160
160
250
250
?
200
?
120
6.55
11.35
13
17
7.5
11.6
6.1
15.1
£
£
£
£
£
£
£
£
43.62
87.24
116.32
145.42
40.74
119.95
58.37
120.00
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
carry flat pack. It could well be the case that accessaries over main unit could be the way to
solve some of the issues.
b7ZvaNHgV322x%2b37G%2fdJyjBDnNM%3d
7.05
The survey link was posted has been posted on Facebook, Yahoo Answers website in sections
on DIY, Maintenance, Engineering and Education, plus it was also posted on more specialist
forums including:
•
http://www.woodworkersinstitute.com/forum/
•
http://www.diychatroom.com
•
http://www.doityourself.com/forum
•
http://www.diyforums.net/forums/
•
http://www.woodworkforums.com/f11/customising-workmates-project-can-
you-help-please-162570/
The links was also posted elsewhere but that list was lost due to a broken laptop. it included
forums for arts and crafts and special effects. At present there have been has resulted in 86
respondents.
7.06
Some of the results included here. Despite the variety of new materials the workmate is still
primarily a wood working tool, perhaps due relative ease of working the material and it’s
affordable nature and tooling. It also requires less skill and personal protection gear than other
materials such as composites and metals.
5. British Standards Search
Attempts were made to seek out related British Standards relating to workbench and
workmates. As yet nothing has been found covering products such as these
6. Journal Search
A search through library records found no journal articles on workmates except for an obituary
for Ron Hickman celebrating his invention from newspaper articles. The development of the
workmate was covered in detail in the Workbench Book. (Cite : Landis,Scott 1987) and other
books on DIY tools.
7 Survey
7.01
To assess the current problems and needs of consumers, a survey was created in via Surveymonkey.
com and posted on DIY, woodwork, trades website forums as well as sent to Brunel students and
others.
7.02 This survey covered various issues:
•
How workmates are used in terms of material substance, shape, size and weight.
•
What and how tools are used with it.
•
Issues people have with aspects such usability, folding, stability, clamping etc.
•
User customizing and jerry rigged solutions to workmate inadequacies
•
Near misses, accidents, injuries and health problems through prolonged use etc.
•
Features they seek in new products.
•
Purchase habit.
•
How much they are willing to pay.
•
Amount of time consumers spend product researching.
•
Accidents and their causes and how users think they can be how to prevented.
•
Demographic data on age, sex, height and weight, age.
•
Career and hobby interests.
•
Income & living arrangements which affect ability to do practical work such as lack of a
shed.
What Materials Are Worked On Workmates
Hardwood: 80 (82%)
Composite Material: 2 (2%)
Metal: 12 (12%)
Fragile Hard Foam: 2 (2%)
7.03 Graphic data from this will be used throughout this report.
Plastic: 2 (2%)
Figure 9. Rose.C Survey Monkey (2012)
7.04 This survey is accessible via the link: https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/3JH8GC5
and the results can be seen at:
http://www.surveymonkey.net/MySurvey_Responses.aspx?sm=QuysFh3mvQQQpmmN%2
6
7
Chart Title
Medium Firmness: 7.3 (49%)
Soft and Delicate: 2.55 (17%)
Figure 12
Very Hard: 5.08 (34%)
Figure 10. Rose.C Survey Monkey (2012)
7.07
Length wise work mates are less than a meter in length, averaging 667mm the longest being
830mm (See Figure 7 and 8) but the survey showed items of several meters were commonly
worked on (Figure 11 Below) showing the need for stability and possibly a means of expansion.
Currently the way this is usually dealt with is by balancing the outside section on whatever
comes to hand, such as a chair like in Figure 12. These will invariably by the wrong height,
have no clamping and move when being sawed.
Figure 12
Max Material Lenght Worked On
4.0
3.5
3.0
Figure 12
2.5
2.0
1.5
Under 50 cm
50cm to 1 m
1m to 2m
2m to 3m
3m to 4 m
4m+
Figure 11 Rose.C Survey Monkey (2012)
8
9
% Working
Max Weight
Max Weight Used On Workmate
100
7.09
Figure 15 shows that whilst rectangular
flat sided materials like planks, which
would be easy to hold in a vice are the
more common shape worked, a variety
of irregular shapes would also need to
be held in the vice. Large sheets need a
table with a big surface area, Cylinders
need groves.
80
60
Figure 13
40
7.10 Something to consider in the design
would be to try and avoid damaging the
material. In figure 10, 17.5 % indicated
they handle material that can be crush
damaged. Most were using material that
though strong, could be dented.
20
0
0 KG+
25 KG+
50 KG+
75 KG+
100 KG+
125 KG+
150 KG+
175 KG+
200 KG+
Figure 16 Rose.C Survey Monkey (2012)
Figure 14
Relative Work Frequency
Material Shapes Worked On
5.0
4.0
9
..4
2
9
8
2.
82
3.
2
.8
1
3.0
87
3
9
3
3.
5
6
1.
8
5
1.
0
3.
09
2.
2.
0
0
3.
2.0
1.0
0.0
Large Large Plank
Flexi Ridgid
Sheet Sheet
Block Prism Pyramid Cone Cylinder Thick Tree
Irregular
Wire branch Shape
like
Coat
Hanger
7.11
The survey (Figure 16) showed that the unit would need to be able
to hold at least 125 kg, In reality though it is not simple static
weight, but the dynamic weight of an object of weight being placed
or dropped onto the work mate. Especially a heavy awkward
weight. Should the workmate collapse under this weight, not
only could body parts get trapped and be severely injured. The
combined workmate, material weight and speed could crush feet,
whilst switched on power tools would also be a major hazard. The
weight holding tolerance thus should be significantly higher. This
would explain why many of the workmates are rated 150 to 250 kg
even though nothing of that weight is likely to be lifted onto them.
Figure 15. Rose.C Survey Monkey (2012)
10
11
225 KG+
8. Health and Safety
8.01
Moving more to health
and safety (Figure 18).
The biggest issue raised by
respondents was complaints
that the workmates were too
low. This for many resulted
in back ache with prolonged
use due to constant bending
over causing stress to the
spine. Figures 20-22 show
when it came to accidents and
injuries lower back pain again
came up highest followed
by injuries from drills and
pinched fingers in folding
mechanism.
Respondents
suggestions
to
prevent
accidents mainly looked
at stability improvements,
wider base, weights on legs
Figure 17
Figure 18 Rose.C Survey Monkey (2012)
Figure 19B and the equation explanation below. Cite : Pheasant and Haslegrave (2006)
and better clamping of wide surface objects and irregular objects.
Figure 19 Cite Pheasant and Haslegrave (2006)
12
8.02
According to Pheasant and Haslegrave (2006), (Figure 19) to maintain a comfortable posture,
the object being worked on needs to be around 10cm under the elbow.
Pheasant and Haslegrave’s research shows that between the ages of 19 to 65 and covering
various races that the 5th percentile female
13elbow height is 870mm and 95% male is 1215 a
range of 345mm
8.03
Pheasant and Haslegrave (2006) state constant bending over results on muscles countering
gravity forces causing back pain. Prolonged stress posture harms muscle tissue, restricting
blood flow causing waste products such as lactic acid build up.
w = weight of the part of the body above the lumbosacral joint
dw = horizontal distance between the joint and centre of gravity of the upper body
c= the compressive force acting along the axis of the spine
t = tension in the back muscles (erector Spine)
8.04
Most workmate work surfaces are around the 750mm range, more advanced models such as
the Bosch 600 PWB are 800mm and the exception to this size range is the Wolfcraft 1 Master
600 model (Figure 2 bottom right.) Extends to 950mm. It is also worth factoring into this
equation the power tools likely to be used.
Sole back from
bending over
15
Drill injury
14
Pinched Finger / Body
Trapped in Mechanism
Figure 21 Rose.C Survey Monkey (2012)
Hand or Arm
Cut or Stabbed
Figure 20 Rose.C Survey Monkey (2012)
Burn
In addition to this the industrial review evening pointed out that there was a need to pack and
carry the unit easily in a manner that did not bang knees and could look good and be compact
in a flat.
Impact on Leg
8.09
Crush Foot
Users in figure 22 surveyed stated the main ways they believed the risks could be minimised
would be to improve the height, improved clamping, and stability.
Leg Cut or Stab
8.08
Injury Due to Dust
/ Fibre Inhaling
Other risks include those around and the user tripping over cables from power tools pulling
them off the work surface, dropping tools like chisels, drills slipping, dust inhalation. With
the older models there was a danger of fingers getting trapped in the mechanism or fingers
pricked on spring wires which could be rusty risking tetanus. Injuries like stabbings and drill
injuries are often the result items slipping or the workmate being unstable or the material not
held well. Better grip feet will be needed which do not fall off unlike current ones and a means
of gripping different surfaces. Possibly bolted on. Weights possibly fills with water that can be
attached to the legs is one solution.
Cut / Stab to Abdomen
8.07
Cut / Stab to Abdomen
Those using the work mates tend to be practical problem solvers so will try and rig solutions
to the inadequacies of the current work mates. Figure 23 list those people have tried and figure
24 what they wish to see incorporated. In additional to the height and stability issues, bigger
table surfaces, possibly with some form of outrigger system came up as did the need for
clamping delicate and irregular shaped objects such as in figure 25. The lower height issue can
also cause secondary injury risks, as users try and fix the problem by jerry rigging solutions
such as balancing the system on bricks, blocks or whatever else comes to hand which may not
be stable as table which puts the workmate off balance risking it tipping whilst in use. Certain
tool use such circular saws would be especially hazardous with this. Its could also result in
items falling onto the feet of the user. Using items as stands for larger items also adds to this
risk.
Solvent Intoxication
8.06
Amputation of Body Part
8.05 There needs not just to be a higher work surface height, but a means to adjust this. Also
different tasks, different heights. Hand sawing needs to be lower, jig saws higher, detailed
craft work and under side painting, higher. Its can also help for jobs that require a level surface
when the ground is not to adjust the individual legs to fine tune the system. This could require
a range of 40cm to 50cm.
Figure 23 Rose.C Survey Monkey (2012)
Figure 22 Rose.C Survey Monkey (2012)
16
Figure 24 Rose.C Survey Monkey (2012)
17
9. Initial Sketches
Tool Slots
Rubber Clamp Lining
Figure 25
Cylinder Groove
Step
Figure 27
Figure 26
18
19
Spirit Level X Axis
Leg
Screw on Cap
Rubber Softer Clamp Grips
Toggle
Clip
Outriggers
Outrigger
Track
Cylinder Groove
Outrigger
Track
Bolt to connect
both tanks to leg.
Spirit
Level
Z Axis
Figure 29
External
Clamp
Bolted on Feet
Bolt to connect
both tanks to leg.
Step
Figure 28
20
Figure 30
21
Spirit
Level
Ruler
Tool Hooks
Tool
Hook
Height
Extension
Bolt and
Slots
Quick
Release
Plug
Stretch Coil
Anti Trip Lead.
To o l
Draw
Steps
Anti Trip
Cable
Cover
Workmate examinations
Figure 31
Figure 32
22
23
10Wickes workmate
The Bosch model opens very easily. The user steps on the
leg connector step, pulling the leg sliders till the sprung
buttons click into the button holes
10.1
Whilst the ideal would be to do an in depth study
of all currently available work mates, budget and
space in hall rooms would not allow it. Three
models were studied. A budget entry model from
Wickes, the Black and Decker Workmate 750
model plus one of the latest premium workmates.
The Bosch PWB600.
Figure 33: Wickes Basic Model.
10.2 This entry level Wickes model simply opens out
into an A frame with a bend and lock joint. To
form a triangle.
10.3
The table surface is small, about 1/3 of the Bosch
model. This system has a poor quality vice which
when it comes together pushes up unevenly.
However it does have the advantage of being able
to tilt up 90 degrees to help hold bigger objects.
This is does via a spring pin below the table
surface.
10.4
The table top is fibreboard and main construction
folded metal.
10.5 There are no cylinder groves on the tabletop but
there are some on the plastic peg ‘dogs’ but these
cannot come together.
10.6
The rubber feet come off the model easily causing
it to become unstable. Basically it is poorly
assembled inadequate parts to lower costs.
10.7 The surface area ranges from 62 x 24cm surface
area 62 x 37cm max.
10.8
The clamp gap is 12cm 0.2294metres 2.
Figure 34
24
25
12 Bosch PWB600
12.01 The Bosch model opens very easily. The user steps on the leg connector step, pulling the leg
sliders till the sprung buttons click into the button holes. (Top right figure 38)
12.02 They then simply open the base and the folded support clicks into place as the table top flattens out.
12.03 To close (Figure 40) you pull the release catch which pulls cables which bend the hyper
extended folding support joints, then fold the table and pull the foot slider back up into the
legs.
12.04 The Bosch is 800mm high, so taking into account 20 cm for power tools, this would allow
comfortable use of power tools for roughly the 50th percentile.
Figure 37 : Bosch PWB600. Features
12.10 The surface area of
the Bosch model is
55x64cm 0.3520 m2
minimum, and 68 x
64 cm max 0.435
m2 nearly double the
Wickes model.
12.05 The table top clamps have horizontal groves (Figure 38), for cylinders, pipes and rods as well
as vertical groves as can be seen in figure 36, to hold them securely and level. The dog pegs
help hold irregular flat objects.
12.06 The dog pegs for irregular objects like in figure 36 also have grooves. To secure them the table
leg system has peg holes to secure the dog pegs out of the way when not in use.
12.07 The system has a component and small item tray and clear ruler.
12.11
The
clamp
gap
maximises at 9 cm.
12.08 The whole system is smooth and aesthetically pleasing and stylish. Easy to clean so something
a user would be happy to have in their home. It also folds flat.
12.12 The table top is
also water resistant
which is useful when
working outdoors.
12.09 The system is easy to carry via its central rod or under arm but could be more comfortable.
(Figure 37)
Figure 35. Cite : Amazon.co.uk. (2013).
26
Figure 38 : Bosch PWB600. Features
27
Figure 39: Bosch PWB600. Opening Up.
Figure 36. Susanne. (2012).
Figure 37 Cite : Amazon.co.uk. (2013).
28
29
13 Black and Decker 750
13.01 The Black and Decker 750 model was one of the original workmates designs.
13.02 The opening system is based around a kinked track slot in each side of the workmate that
guides a pin system, which holds in place with the kinks. As can be seen below in figure 41.
13.03 You first press the release catch to lever the catch from the first kink.
13.04 As the workmate is opened the pin runs along the track, then up and over the next drop which
then holds it in place with the pin held by a spring.
13.05 To close the workmate again you press the catch levering the slider out of the kink which then
slides across the track.
Figure 40 Bosch PWB600. Folding Down
Figure 41. Opening
30
31
Figure 42 Closing
Figure 43 External View. Here the bottom Height Change Legs Are Opened Out.
Figure 42 Dual Height Fold Out Legs.
13.06. The 750 model like other Black and Decker units based on the original workmates has fold
out legs. These give the unit an extra 19 cm in height. (Figure 42).
13.07Two issues with this are
that often one side sticks,
possibly due to rust and the
other is that the sprung wire
holding the catch sticks into
your thumb which as well as
painful could lead to infected
wounds including tetanus.
(Figure 43)
Figure 43 Pin Issue.
Figure 44. Extending Table
13.08 Unlike the other models
the handles for the 750
model when folded are
positioned on the top ,
the outside of the frame.
This in combination
with the feet allows for
a table top configuration.
The table top slides via a
helix gear.
Figure 45. Extending Table
32
33
Figure 46 Extending Table
14Filtering down tasks to do
14.01 After the Viva it was decided to filter down the tasks to do. As the height and stability issue
came up strongest in the survey this was the path forward in the assignment.
15.01 On the Bosch workmate spring catches are used. The inside of a crutch was observed. These
are pushed in. They slide in tubes and when the sprung buttons match with holes on the
tube they pop out and work as bolts. Inside the inner tube is a wire loop spring. These were
originally dismissed as potentiality weak but now they have been observed on strong weight
supporting legs like crutches.
14.02 Grooves are already in the more advanced models to hold cylinders such as dowels, pipes as
can be seen in figure 38.
14.03 Companies such as Wolfcraft provide various accessaries as can be seen in figures 5 and 6.
These deal with irregular shaped objects, holding drills and clamping power tools.
14.04 Vacuum cleaner attachments were deemed too easy.
14.05 Whilst outrigger systems were considered it was deemed by supervisors to be moving away
from a workmate product towards a professional workbench.
14.06 The workmate will need to be able to be raised whilst still able to be folded flat. Thus whatever
system is employed it needs to keep out of the way of the folding structure.
Figure 48 Friction Cam Catches
14.07 The structure needs to be able to hold both static and dynamic weight. Current systems hold
between 100 to 250 kg.
14.08 The system needs to be able to handle uneven ground, so include a fine tuning system and for
the rubber shoes to be fixed properly so they do not fall off.
14.09 The system needs to be adjustable, with an ideal range of 35 cm or as close to this as possible.
14.10 The 95% male percentile elbows were 1215mm and lowest female 5th percentile 870mm..
This is elbow height. Taking power tools into account 150 could be taken off this and also
made lower still to take into account activities like sawing.
15 Looking at alternative systems
of height raising
15.02 Friction catches are used on a variety of extendable systems. Here they were used on tripods.
They are simple to use and adjustable. They work by twisting a cam against the inner tube
whilst being held by the outer tube. The use pressure and friction to hold the tubes in place.
(Figure 48)
15.03 Lever ratchets such as on a ironing board could be another thing to look at. These however
don’t hold much weight. (Figure 29)
Figure 47 Spring Button Catches
Figure 49
34
35
16.Prototyping
16.01 In order to study how different mechanical systems could be incorporated in solutions to
adjusting the height, folding and stability issue various prototyping systems were looked at.
16.03 Tubes were attached to the basic Wickes workmate and plastic tube and foam board outriggers
were tried.
16.03 Some foam board linkages were tried but these were found just to tear themselves apart and
keep breaking. (Figure 50)
16.04 The focus for development was then shifted to the use to lego technic for prototyping.
An expansive set of £100s of components was built up then continually added to enable this.
16.05 This enabled complex mechanical prototype concepts to be designed and tested.
16.06 This is now running out. The Lego Technic prototyping will be in the log books and
accompanying videos on disc.
Figure 50
16.07 Foam board was however useful for large scale models such as looking st outrigger option
to expand the surface area. Such as in figure 28. In Figure 51 you can see this as a PPP. and
below figure 52 shows a test of a flexible vacuum holder for dust removal.
Figure 51
Figure 52
36
37
19Future Project Development
19.01 There needs to be a move from Lego Tech prototyping to more full size models. The next item
to be CADed up and prototypes was a sprung button system as seen in figure 53 below.
19.02 This would combine the spring button on the Bosch model with the patterns seen on crutches.
These could be in 6cm increments over a range of 30 cm. To aid deployment there can be a
slider strip as seen in purple in figure 53, so all can work together and a fine tuning screw feet
which can help on uneven surfaces
Figure 52
19.03 Systems like crutches would need to be looked out to ascertain how this is done
38
39
REFERENCES
•
Pheasant, S and Haslegrave, C A (2006). Bodyspace. New York: CRC Press. 34.
•
Pheasant, S and Haslegrave, C A (2006). Bodyspace. New York: CRC Press. 104.
•
Scott Landis. (1987). The Workmate. In: The Workbench Book. Italy: The Taunton
Press Inc. p210-p220.
DIFFERENT PRODUCT DESIGNS
Appendix
40
•
Susanne. (2012). Der Arbeitstisch PWB 600. Available: http://www.1-2-do.com/forum/
bosch-produktneuheiten-auf-1-2-do-com-der-arbeitstisch-pwb-600-thema-5904.html.
Last accessed 20 April 2013.
•
Tooledup.com. (2012). Search results for workmate. Available: http://www.tooled-up.
com/SearchBasic.asp?Keywords=workmate&SearchType=2&utm_expid=2374416&utm_referrer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tooled-up.com%2F. Last accessed 2nd Dec
2012.
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